GENEALOGY COLUECTION
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GENEALOGY
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E L I CI I 0 U S AND 1. 1 T E R A \i Y .i 0 U K N A L
VOLUME XLVII.
PHILADELPHIA:
PRINTED BY WILLIAM H. PILE.
18 74.
INDEX.
Remarks on
Acacia and its ants. Notes on the, 35.5.
Accidents by \YOod-worl;ing tnachinery.
preventing, ISC- . . ^ . , •,
Adornment." On the cnstoms of certain African tribes
respecting personal, 313.
Advice to a voting man, 2bo.
Attliction. On the benefits of, 118^ 362.
Kemarks on the uses of, 293.
The only substantial source of consolation ui, a
firm and abiding faith in our Maker and Re-
deemer, 381. .
Africa. Notice of a tribe in, never known to faght, Id4.
Account of recent explorations by (^eor^j:
Schweinfurth in the heart of, 282.290.29-.
SDC. 314. 32(;). 33.5. 340. 345. 3-58. 372. 386.
Africa South. On changes in the vegetation of, 106.
Agriculture. On the wheat fields of the future, 14.
The profits of forest planting, 93.
The rapid destruction of weeds by sulphuric
Action of the International Congress of Land
and Forests Culturists, 140.
On the value of wood ashes to fruit trees, 149.
Description of a farmer's ice-house, 166.
Estimated value of the grass crop, as the greatest
of the world, 206.
Injury to crops by the application of sulphate
of ammonia from gas works, 212. _ ^^
Advice to farmers, on preparing for spring, ^4o.
Account of a Texas cattle farm, 259. _
The proper treatment of domestic animals, Zbb.
On the Colorado potato bug, 365.
On silk culture in California, 381.
On the usefulness of the earth-worm in, 410.
Air Proposed method for noting the direction and
force of the wind by observations on particles
Alexander Edward.' On the depth of the baptisms at-
tending the ministry, 171. _
Alexander Mary. Remarks of, on the;pcrnicious efiects
of plays and romances, oS.
Observations of, on paying religious visits to the
families of Friends, 3.55.
Aluminum. Superior watch springs made from an
Animal Character. On, 226, 235, 242 250 2.57._
Comments on the above, 333. ■:>41. oiX Aoi.
Animals. On the confidence of^in man, 266.
Anecdote of William Napier, 38. ^^
a remarkable memory, 2oo.
Abel Thomas, 276.
Aniline Colors. Poisonous effects of, 31. ^ _^
Appenzell. History and customs of the canton ot, on.
385. 397.
Arabic proper names, 374.
Arboriculture. Advice upon, 140. .
Arctic regions. On the value of the trailing pine ol
Siberia, 84.
C)n the luminous appearance on the sea coast in,
84.
Recent discovery of relics of Barents expedition
to the, 85. ■ • 1
Account of recent adventures and sufl'enngin the,
201, 209, 218.
On the Esiiuimaux dog of the, 222.
Ardent Spirits. Statistics of the destructive efiects ot,
in Virginia, 412.
Arizona. Account of ancient ruins in, 39b.
Artesian wells. Notes on, 286.
Arts. On the lost, 173.
Asbestos. Notice of the use of, for steam-packing, 2.39.
Notice of a jiatent lor utilizing, 390.
Ask for the old paths, and walk therein. Essay en-
titled, 73. ... ,^ r ,
Assyrian explorations. Notice of the results ol recent,
43. 329.
Atlantic Ocean. The depth of the, o8.
Notice of results of a recent temperature survey
of the, 406.
Aurora Borealis. Account of a remarkable display of,
in 1716, 30.
Australia. Account of the natives of, 52.
Notice of the recent increase of Kangaroos in, 133.
Automatic wonder. An, 293.
Backhouse Deborah. Extracts from the memoirs of,
and comments, 283. 291. 300. 315. 324. 330.
Bn mboo. Notice of an injurious substance from the, 3J0.
Bank note engraving. Description of the process of, 49.
Babel. Reputed site of, 287. , „„„
Banks .John. Tender advice of, to Friends, US.
Earnest zeal manifested by, 289.
Advice of, to plainne.ss of apparel, 317.
Baptism. Testimonv to necessity of the, 349.
Barents William, the Arctic explorer. Account of, 8o
Barclay John. Remarks of, on plainness of dre.ss, and
comments, 64.
Eettcr of, to Thomas Evans, 67.
Extract from, in relation to the Society ot
Friends, 220.
Extract from a letter by, and comments, l-bo.
Kemarks of, upon those who leave the Society
of Friends, 276.
Remarks of, on the value of the memorials ot
deceased Friends, 386.
Barclay Bobert. Letter of, to his future wife, 101.
Reasons assigned by, why Friends do not^read
the Scriptures in meetings for worship, 325.
Extract from, on the great cause of the apostacy
from true religion, 341.
Notice of the separate reprint of two Proposi-
tions 1.1V, 408.
Remarks of, on singing in places of worship, and
comments, 415.
Bark of the linden as material for sail-cloth, Ac, .:.0J.
Bats. Note on, 141.
Trees of, in Dahomey, 394.
Beer. On the antiipiity of, 262.
On the manufacture of milk, 202.
Bees. Great variety of, in Brazil, 27.
and wasps of Brazil. On the, 27.
Tne number in a swarm of, 68.
as architects. Notes on, 70.
On the sting of the queen, 124.
An adventure with, in Africa, -290.
Bermuda Islands. Notice of the, 230.
Beetle Samuel, Sr. Remarks on the character ol, 101.
Bell Deborah. Extract from a letter of, and com-
ments, 359.
Bible. The Christian is the workls', 122. ^
Bible Association of Friends. Circular ot the, 62. 6J. i b.
Notice of a Bible lately issued by the above, 280.
Bird. Notice of the hermit, an extinct, 399.
Birds. Habits of our migratory, 139. 148.
On the value of, in ilestroying insects, 198.
Observations on carrier pigeons, 204.
Instinct shown by, in the selection of .sites for
nests, 342.
Touching anecdote of two canary, 354.
Blood. Observations on the coagulation of, 340.
Book notices, &c. "The principles, methods, and his-
tory of the Society of Friends, a discourse,
&c., by Augustine Jones, 319.
Geo. Fox, an apostle of evangelical spiritual
cbristianitv, 391.
The Journal of Wm. Penn, while visiting Hol-
land and Germany in 1677, (new ed.,) 407.
Robert Barclay on Immediate Revelation, (re-
print,) 408. "
Robert Barclay on Universal Saving Light, (re-
print,) 408.
Books. Hints to the young on choosing, l.i2.
Botany. Notice of DeCandoUe's work on, m 17 vol-
umes, 155. , . 1 11
Botanists. Notices of the lives of several, in humble
life, 21-5. , . „ , ,
Bownas Samuel recommends plainness of speech and
apparel, 317. ,. . i •
appeals to the scriptures for proof in his minis-
trv, 325.
Brewster David. Account of the last days of 180, 188.
Notice by Mary Somerville of, 267.
1 Bridle of self-government. Advice upon the, 279.
' Brotherly kindness and regard. Remarks on the need
and helpfulness of, 170.
Butterflies. Notice of the migration of, 372.
Buflaloes in Africa. Adventures with, 282.
Building for a Safe Deposit Co. Notice of a strong,_165.
Burnyeat John. Account by, of his early convince-
ment, 262.
Burnyeat Jonathan. Account of the ministry of, at the
age of twelve, 30.
Burrough Edward. Testimony of, respecting the Word
of Life and the Scriptures, 220.
Business. Remarks of John Heald upon trials in, 125.
Losses in, may be blessings in disguise, 276.
Three good lessons in, 397.
Butter making. Remarks and reflections on, 115.
Ca<lmium. Account of the discovery of, 82.
California wood-rat. Curious nest of, 404.
Cat. Anecdote of an intelligent, 215.
Remarks on the character of the, 242. 333. 341.
349.
Canim Thomas. Account of the funeral of, 19.
Cannabalism in Central Africa. Notice of 340.
Capper Marv. Observations of, on the boasted " march
of intellect," 104.
On praver, by, 114. _
Chicago. Appeal on behalf of colored people in, 391.
Children. Adviceof London Y. Meeting to, in 1800, 67.
Religious exercise of Hannah Carpenter respect-
ing the, and the parents of, 126.
On the nature of the religious teaching and train-
ing enjoined upon parents tojvards their, 151.
167. ^ ,. .
On the importanceof the habit of application to,
186. . ,
The importance of early impressing the minds
of, with the necessity of obedience to Divine
tinice, 239.
On some of the qualifications for the proper
education of, 247.
Hints relative to the training of, from a memoir
of Deborah Backhouse, 283.
On the reciprocal duties of parents and,_319.
Hint on improving the condition of neighbors',
363. '^ .11-
On the duty of parents to lalior with their, to
take up tiie daily cross, 388.^
Chinese eti(iuette. Notes on, 357. 363. „• * .
Chinese. Remarks on the inconsistency of the etlort to
exclude the, from the U. States, 383.
Cholera. Statistics of the mortality of, recently at Ber-
Christ. Remarks of I. Penington on the cross of, 3b
preferred to ornaments. Anecdote related by A.
Judson, 60.
On the light of, in the heart, 203. 341.
Advice to seek for, and to obey the revelation of,
in the heart, 301.
Christian counsel of Christopher Story, 34. ...
The true, the strongest argnraent for Christianity,
403.
Cross. Essay entitled. The, 404. ^
Church. Remarks on membership in the true, ob.
Reflections on the professing, 133.
Remarks on discipline in the, 251.
On the Discipline established by C4eo. i ox, -5Z
On the renewal of Divine visitations to the
405.
Churches. On the state of the primitive, LO.-..
Churchman John. Advice of, to a young woman o;
considering a proposal of marriage, 122.
Cinchona. Profitable results of the culture ot, v.
India, 239. 390. ^ . , . • ,
Clement. Extract from an Epistle of, with commenti-
207.
Climate. On the variations of, in England, &c., 10
On the effect of forests upon the moisture of, 19,
Notes on some mild winters, 220. . ,
of the Atlantic coast. On the unchanging chav
acter of the, 253.
I X D E X.
G84758
Clock at the Xational observatory. Account of the
standard, "20.
Cloth. Enormous, in Dahomey, 39-5.
Co;d. Account of English miners of, 2.^.
Cod-liver oil. On a successful method of administer
ing, 133.
Cotfee. Remark on the use of milk with, .340.
Coin. Notice of the oldest known, 190.
Collins f^sther and Ann Edwards. Remarks on tin
death of, 140.
Colorado. Description of the scenery near Cohiradd
Springs, 19.
On the parks of, 08.
Colorado potala-bug. On tlie, oOo.
Colds. How caught, and methods of prevention, ">'>'>.
Coloring matter of certain tapers. The poisonous na-
ture of, 330.
Comfort. William Thornton. Account of the death
of, aged eleven years, 78.
Commercial mania. Instances of, in the South Sea
Company, and other.s, 299.
Consistent walking. Es.say upon, 118.
Conversion. Remarks of Sam'l Fothergill on instan-
taneous, 20.
Extract from Stephen Crisp on instantaneous, 03.
Cope Samuel. Memorial concerning, 9.
Cotton-seed oil and cake. Statistics of the value of, 219.
Cow. On the character of the, 220.
Remarks on the above, 349. ooi.
Cowper William. Remarks of John Newton on the
death of, 99.
" Come Readers Hearken to me awhile." Essav and
extract entitled, 10-5.
Comet. Notice of the appearance of Coggia's, 30-5.
Comets. On the Phenomena of, 97. 105. 114. 123. 131
153. 163. 171. 177.
Conibos of S. America. Account of the, 172.
Coral fishery of the Mediterranean, On the, 202.
Cotton Pri.scilla. Dying advice of, to friends to keep
in the cro.sg, 222.
Crimea. Notice of antiquarian discoveries in the, 351.
Crisp Stephen. Extracts from a sermon by, 02.
Advice of, to Friends to be watchful and earn-
est, 92.
Advice of, to Friends to maintain the judgment
of Truth, 327.
Crocodiles in Siam. Observations on, 203.
Croker John. Remark of, on the attendance of relig-
ious meetings, 107.
Crook John. On the danger of the doctrine of imper-
fection, 250.
Cross. On the necessity of bearing the, 2. 30. 200. 279.
Advice of Priscilla Cotton on keeping in tlie, 222.
Advice of Edw. Burrough and Francis Howgill
I to Friends, not to stumble at the, 223.
1^ Remarks on the discipline of the, 238.
Crook John. Advice of, to his children, 2S4.
iDulture of a strawberry bed.'' Essay entitled, " The,
o5/ .
Observations of, upon a forward
Damascus. Notice of, 12.
Oebt. Remarks on the injurious effect of, upon char
acter, 37.
Dec_eased. Remarks on respect to the memory of the,
3' 3.
Dew.sbury AVilliam.
ministry, 15.
Deaths.— Abraham Baily, 40; Elizabeth T. Brin^hurst
208; Mary H. Eiddle, .330; Paschall Cope, 10; .Sam-
uel Carr, 24; Ann Clemson, 88: Amos Cope, 112;
Is.aac Carr, 168; Joseph Chambers, 108; Addison
Carter, 232. 304 ; Ann H. Cook, 240 ; Rachel S. Craft,
272; Thomas Conard, 2S8 ; Rebecca L. Chrisman, .304 ;
Sallie E. Cope, 400; Sarah F. Carr, 408; William
R. Dutton, 192; Samuel Ellis Decou, 200; Sarah B.
Eastburn, 10; John Eldridge, 10; Elizabeth Evens
48; George M. Eddv, 120; J. Wistar Evans, 108;
Catharine W. Ecrovd, 184; Charles Ellis, 408;
Joshua P. Edge, 232; Benjamin Eldridge, 248;
Amos W. Foster, 72; Mary" Forster, 130; Rachel
Forster, 130; Robert Forster, 130; Anne Forster,
136; Caroline C. Fitzwater, 330; Frances B.Garrett!
88 ; Joseph Gibbons, 248 ; Samuel Hilles, 8 ; Wil-
liam Hou.se, 10; Isaac G. Hoopes, 10; Elizabeth
Hutchinson, 108; Sarah W. Haines, 224; William
Harry, 320; Nathan Hall, 300 ; Marv T. Lsaac 144-
Samuel W. Jone.s, 128 ; Ruth Kirbv, 8 ; Davis Leeds|
40; B. Rush Leeds, 40; Benjamin Lowrv, 72;
Sarah Lippincott, 152; Rebecca Lewis, 240;' Marv
S. Lippincott, 416; Sarah W. Moore, 10; Benjamin
Maule, 24; Mary R. Mever.s, 31 ; Ephraim Morris,
48; Susanna Morris, 96; Anna Milnor, 1.52; Sarah
M. Mans, 296; Paul C. Macomber, 328; Martha
Marshall, 376; Luke W. Morris, 384; Mary H.
Needles, 152; Eliza D. Naiamoro, 370; Marv
Passmore, 40; John Peebles, 184; .Michael Peeblei,
184 ; Hannah Pluiro, 192; Marv IVnnell, 218;()liver
Parry, 25i; ; Al>igail X. Parker. 204; I'riseilla \V.
Reeve, 4S ; Hhula S. Roberts, 159; Rachel S. Hiker,
159 : Davis Reece, .312; Marv W. Reeve, 36,S ; Beulah
Snowdon, 1 0 ; Josepli Siiowilon, 40 ; James Steer, 392 ;
Eli/.alieth B. Siokes, 48; Sanuiel \V. S.iiedlev, 72;
James .Miller Scarlett, 128; Sarah M. Saunders, 208.
210; Eliza E. Siokes, .3114; Samuel C. Taylor, 170;
J<iliu W. Townsend, 250 ; Isaac B. Test, 280 ; William
R. Tatum, 392 ; Joseph Tripp, 400; Elizabeth (', Wills,
48; Israel Franklin Whitall, 1.V2; Amos C. Wilbur,
170; Sarah M. Walker, 272; John H. Weaver, 360;
Rebecca Williams. 408.
Death. Extract from a testimony concerning the ne-
cessity of a timelv preparation for, 2-59.
On rushing to, by rashness, 398.
Death-bed repentance." Remarks on, 89.
Devil-fisli. A struggle with a, 101.
" Did they enter tlie promised land." Essay entitled, 00.
Deming tieraldine. Incident in the life of, 132.
Dewsbury William Testimony of, to all the sons of
men, 132.
Diamond. Method of preventing tlic spontaneous burst-
ing of, 179.
Disappointments. On subniitting to, 390.
Discoveries, .\ccount of great, bv accident, 82.
" Do all for God." Extract entitled, 100.
Doctors and medicines Remarks on, 28.
Dog. Anecdote of a policeman's, 124.
Dogs. On some curious traits of, 3.
How trained to watch sheep in California, 9S.
Remarkable instance of intelligence in shep-
herd, 172.
On Siberian, 222.
Anecdotes of, and remarks on the character of,
235. 349.
Donkey. On the character of the, 251.
Dove and (he raven. Remarks on the, as emblems, 70.
Dress. Christ preferred to ornament in, 60.
Remarks on the testimony of Friends to plain-
ness of, 63.
Tlie despotism and wickedness of present fash-
ions in, 81.
Scripture texts in relation to women's and com-
ments, 174.
Dying testimony of a young woman of the family
of Penn, to plainness of, 199.
JobSeott instructed in regard to plainness of, 231.
Gay attire and .superfluity in, a contradiction to
our christian profession, 259.
Remark of a dean of Derry in relation to a plain,
and comments, 268.
Friends distinguished by plainness of, from their
rise, 310.
A consistent maintenance of Friends' testimony
to plainness of, a constituent of their Christian
character, 346.
On the testimony of the early Methodists to
plainness of, 351.
Convincement of a young woman, of Friends'
testimony to plainness of, by the silent exer-
cise of D. Stanton, 390.
Drought and rain. Essay entitled, 405.
Id Iiy authority of London
. 399 ; On the true character
enjoined upon parent.s, 151 ;
the new con-
On the usefulness of, in enriching soils,
Earth-worm.
410
Editorial.— Remarks on the danger to spiritual growth
in the accumulation of riches, 6 ; On entering the
Forty-seventli volume, 7 ; List of agents, 7 ; Com-
ments on crediting extracts from "The Friend," 15;
On the enjoyment and preservation of health, 22 ;
Remarks on partaking of the sufferings and the con-
solations of Christ, 3s ; On the solemn duty of public
worship, 46; Remarks on the present condition of
the ministry, 54 ; On the origin and nature of the
testimony of Friends to plainness of speech, beliavior
and apparel, and the disregard of them bv iiianv in
the ])reseut day, 63 ; Account of Ohio Yearly Meet-
ing, 71. 94 ; On the duty of nnllinching firmiicss by
Friends in maintaining their testimonies, 79; Re-
marks on sanctioning tlie use of music bv members
of the Society in England, 79; Reiuarks"on the re-
sponsibility of the delegated sheplierds of tlie Hock,
87 ; Observations on an account of ihe proceedings of
the Binns Yearly Meeting in Ohio, 95; Comments
on the present condition of the .Society ; and extracts
from a manuscript by the late William Jackson, 111 ;
Remarks on the late and present condition of Ihe
Society of Friends, 119; On the "Virginius" diffi-
culty between the V. States and Spain, 127; True
faith to be attained only by submission to the lierv
baptism of Christ, 135; Remarks on the proceeding's
of a I'onfereucc lalelv he
Yearly .Meeling, 142.'21."
of the religicjus Icachin
Remarks on the injustice of a clause
slitution of Pcnna." respecliug the militi.a, 1.59; Re-
marks on the objections to displaying texts of scrip-
ture on the walls of the houses oi" Friends, 107;
Notice of an address of Friends upon Theatrical
.•\niuseiuenls and Horse-racing, 175; On a com|di-
ance with the spirit of the world in regard to riches,
luxurious living, and the dressing of children bv'
members of the Society, 183; On the dutv of pa"r-
ents to instruct their children in, and to e'xemplify
in their lives the truths contained in the Holy Scriji'-
tures, 191 ; On obedience to the word of Divin'e Grace
in tlie bean, 199 : Remarks on the present condition
oi the Society of Frien.ls in Euglan<l, 215; Reveren-
tial waiting upon Christ the true ground of Quaker-
ism, 223 ; Xotiee of letters received approving the
course of this journal, 231 ; Remarks to contributors,
2.31 ; On the importance of early impressing the
minds of chililren with the necessi'ty of obedience to
the measure of Divine Grace bestowed on them, 239-
Ilemarks on the education of children, 247 ; Remarks
in reply to a contributor, 253; Remarks on grievan-
ces of Friends at the preseul day, 2ii3 ; a defence of
the " Appeal for the .Vncient Doctrines" against
charges contained in the "Memoirs of I!. Seebohm,"
271 ; The approach of the time of holding Pliila.
Yearly Meeting, 279 ; Remarks in reference to West-
town Boarding School, 279 ; Xotiee of a copy of the
Bible lately issued by Friends, 280; Account of the
proceedings of Philad'a Yearly Meeting, 294; Re-
mark to a contributor, 304 ; Remarks on the nature
of true worship and the doctrine of tlie light of Christ
inwardly revealed, 311; On the reciprocal duties of
parents and children, 319 ; Animadversions on a
pamphlet entitled, "The principles, methods and
history of the Society of Friends, a discourse," &c.,
by Augustine Jones, "319. 343 ; Incentive to faithful-
ness among Friends in spreading a knowledge of the
Truth, 327 ; Remarks on declining to publi.sli an
es.say advocating Farmers' Granges, 335; Reasons
for regretting the aiipointment of "decoration" dav
as a legal holiday, 335; The value of the records
preserved to us of the religious experience of devoted
servants of the Lord, 359 ; X'otice of the proceedings
of London Yearly Meeting, and comments, 366. 399 ;
Observations on the necessity for watchfulness while
seeking allowable relaxation from the cares of busi-
ness, in .summer resorts, 375. Remarks on recent
deaths by drowning at Atlantic City, 383 ; Xotiee of,
and reply to charges contained in a [lamphlet. en-
titled Geo. Fox, an apostle of evangelical spiritual
Christianity, 391 ; On the testimony of Friends to
silent worship, 399; Xotiee of the re-)>ublication of
the Journal of Wni. Penn while visiting Holland
and Germany in 1077, 407; Xotiee of the separate
reprint of Robert Barclay's Propositions on Immedi-
ate Revelation, and Universal Saving Light, 408;
Reply to an article by L. Woodard, entitled " Eccle-
siastical Impeachment," 414.
Earnest zeal exemplilied in the life of .Tohn Banks, 289.
Edmundson William. Account by, of an argument in
regard to the doctrine of a universal, saving light,
and comments, 160. ^
Education for Friends. On, 187.
of children. Remarks on some of the qualifica-
tions for the, 247.
of boys and girls. On the injurious elVecLs of
the joint, 255.
Eels of Mauritius. Notes on, 145.
Eggs of reptiles in Central America, 223.
Egypt. Modern improvements taking place in, 285.
Soundness of timber used in the ancient temples
of, 301).
The magnitudeofthe great pyramid of, conij)ared
with the temple at Jerusalem, 303.
The ancient monuments of, illustrating the Scrip-
ture records, 329.
Electricitv. Observations on, in drv, car|>eted rooms,
374.
Elephants. On the service of, 223.
On shipjiing. 380.
Elkinton .Joseph. Extracts from letters of, 170.
Ellwood Thomas. Testimony of, to the character of
Geo. Fox, 45.
Emien James. Observations on the character of, 77. 87.
Extracts from letters of, 277.
Emlen Sarah. Expressions of in Pliilad'a Yearly
Meeting of Women Friends, 1849, 278.
England. Account of remarkable cold in, in 1716, 30.
Enjoyment. Xo, comparable to a true dependence
upon a merciful Providence, 290.
Epistle of William Leddra, 1.
of London Yearly Meeting, ISoO, 28.
of Holm Monthly Meeting, 37.
of Richard Samble to Frien<ls in Cornwall, 1/b.
of Clement, Extracts from, 207.
of Philad'a Yearly Meeting, 1833. Extract
from, 255.
of Stephen Crisp to Friends. Extract trom, 2(ib.
Escurial and the character of Philip II. Notice of, 2(36.
Evans Jonathan. Letter of, 149.
Remarks on the character of, 265.
Evans J. Wistar. Remarks on the death of, 183. ^
Evans Thomas. Remarks on the character of, 1 18.
Remarks of, on the present and subsequent con-
dition of the Society of Friends, 267.
Evans William. Extract from, on the danger of riches
to the Society of Friends, 42.
Extract from, on the only way to experience re
generation, 68.
Remarks of, on proper mental cultivation among
Friends, 155. , ^ ,e e
On the need of more fervent travail on belialt ot
the church, 207.
Anecdote of the etlectual ministry of, 411.
Eye. How the, is swept and washed, 306.
,62.
Fairfield Co-operation store. Notice of the, 281.
Faith and holiness. On, 42.
Faith. Extract from Stephen Crisp on false and tr
On the work of, in the heart, 114.
To be attained only by submission to tiie bap-
tism of Christ, 135.
Anecdote of a king of Sweden m relation to, o42.
Faithfulness to our religious principles. Remarks on,
115
False Shepherds. Extract entitled, with comments, 402.
F'amlne in India. Details connected with the present,
236.
Farmers' Granges. Remarks discouraging, 244.
Comments on the above, 335.
Fashion. Remarks on the despotism of, SI.
Faults of others. Remarks on dwelling on the, 203.
Feather. The growth of a, 292.
Fenelon. Remarks of, on patience, 148.
Ferdinand II of Austria. Notice of, m old age, 188.
Fictitious reading unprofitable, 137.
Fight at the wood-pile." Anecdote entitled. 1 he, 69.
Fire. Treament of persons with clothing on, 54.
Sandstones recommended to resist, 124.
Pishes of Mauritius. Notes on some curious, 145.
Fog signals. Experiments with, 300. ,, ,»,
Food anddrink. On the value of simple, to health, 1/4.
Notice of a vegetable and meat biscuit, 239.
Poisonous eflects of the giant pufl-ball when
ripe, 340.
Forests. On the advantages and profits of planting, 93.
Action of the International Congress of Land and
Forest Culturists in relation to, 140.
The growth of, productive of increased rain fall,
197.
Forgotten emperor. Notice of a, 188.
Fothergill Margaret. Account of the life and death
of, 278.
Fothergill Samuel. Remarks of, upon instantaneous
conversion, 26.
Extract from, 46. 221. 227.
Remarkable dream of, and comments, 87.
Advice of, to Friends of the foremost rank
others, 194.
Observations of, on love ami unity, 231.
Fox George. Injunction of, to Friends to use the plain
language, 15.
Thomas Ellwood's testimony to the character
of, 45.
Advice of, to keep out of the strifes of the world, 7t>.
Remarks of, on the religious duty laid upon
him, 151.
On the institution of the discipline by, 252.
Admonition of, to regard the poor, 260.
Advice of, not to quench the Spirit, 275.
Remarks upon christian liberty and the personal
appearance of, 292.
Declaration of, of his commission to turn people
to the inward light of Christ, and comments,
311.
Friends recommended by, to keep to plainness,
316.
Remarks of, on the object of all preaching, 399.
On the testimony of, to the light of Christ, 391.
The teachings of, in regard to following the
world, and comments, 318-
Promise recorded by, of the effects of the faith-
fulness of one truly righteous person, and com-
ments, 327,
ind
INDEX.
Free Masons. Remarks of Moses Brown on leaving
the,. 70.
Frecdiiicn. Appeal on behalf of the, 76.
Letters addressed to the Association for tlie relief
of, 79. ,^ .
Statement in reference to the " Mary ville Moni-
tor," 210.
Friends. Religious communications addressed to, -
4 28 37. 42. 44. 50. 60. 182. 183. 205. 229. 268.
275. 285. 310. 318. 341.346. 3-57. 404.
Remarks of I. Penington on the early ministers
among, 4. ' .
The discipline of, can only be faithfully admin-
istered by those who maintain the peculiar
testimonies of. 198.
Remarks on funerals among, 18.
Comments upon music among, 21.
The doctrines of, in regard to ministry, 44.
On the origin and nature of the testimony of, to
plainness of speech, behavior and apparel, 63.
Remarks on the duty and results of a consistent
walk bv, lis.
Remarks on the views of, in relation to secret
societies, 70.
of Londf>n Yearly Meeting in early days. Ex-
tracts from tlie advices of, and comments, 73.
On the duty of, in maintaining unflinchingly
their testimony, 79. 11.5.
A striking unanswerable fact in relation to mem-
bers among, 100.
Comments on the present condition of the So-
ciety of, 111. 119. 142. 215. 231. 263. 275.311.
334. 339. 407.
Extract from a paper left by the late William
Jackson respecting the Society of. 111.
Letter of Jonathan Evans, respecting the Society
of, 149.
Prophetical communications by Ann Jones and
Sarah [L.] Grubb, respecting the Society of,
119.
Remarks on tlie evidences of degeneracy among,
19"
On the testimonv of, against mixed marriages,
122. ■ . ,
Expressions of Hannah Carpenter respecting the
children of, 126.
On the doctrine of, in relation to faith, 135.
C)n the duty of, towards their children, 151.
Remarks on a late Conference held dn London,
142. 181. 187. 197. 214. 21.5. 366. 399.
Catalogue of works relating to, for sale, 135.
Remarks of Sarali Hillman on doctrines which
led to the separation from, in 1827-8, and com-
ments, 154.
Late Address of, to their fellow-citizens in Phila-
delphia against theatrical amusements and
hor.se-raciiig, 169.
A love for the attendance of meetings, a charac-
teristic of, 164.
The present declension among, in part due to a
want of belief in the doctrine of a universal,
saving light, 166.
Objections to displaying texts of scripture on the
walls of the houses of, 167. ^
Remarks on the numerical decrease of, 181.
Remarks on luxurious living, and a compliance
with the spirit of tlie world liy, 18.3.
Observations on the views of, in relation to sing-
ing and music in meetings for worship, 187.415.
On the value of the records preserved of the ex-
periences and history of the early, and the
brightness of their e.xample, 189. 259.
of the foremost rank and others. Advice ofSam'l
Fothergill to, 194.
Remarks in reference to the minir.try among,
205, 207.
On a departure from simplicity in the dwelling?
of, 206. 210.
Remarks in reference to, entitled, " How others
see us," 214.
" Appeal for the Ancient Doctrines^' of. Re-
marks in vindication of the, 215. 271.
The religion of, primitive Christianity revived,
229.
Members among, discouraged from joining Farm-
ers' Granges, 244. 335.
On the institution of the discipline among,
252.
Remarks on editorial comments, and the course
to be pursued by, under certain circumstances,
253.
A testimony delivered by Stephen Grellet in
1829, in reference to approaching trials among,
271.
Remarks of John Barclay upon those who leave
the Society of, 276.
Address to the younger members among, 2S.5.
Advice to, to p.ay family visits under religious
feeling, 290.
The commi-ssion of Geo. Fox on gathering, as a
distinct people, and comments, 311.
distingnished by plainness of dress, from their
rise, 316.
Reasons of, for not reading the scriptures in
meetings for worship, 325.
Weighty advice of, to ministers and elders, in
1787, with comments, 325.
Advice of Stephen Crisp to, to maintain the judg-
ment of Truth. 327.
Observations on the danger of self-righteousness
among, at the present day, 334.
Remark on the value of a birth-right among,
383.
On the danger to, of riches, 394.
On the testimony of, to silent worship, 399.
Remarks on the condition of, in one of the Wes-
tern Yearly Meetings, 407.
Remarks on the employment by, for service in
the church of members who are fashionable
in tlieir appearance, 412.
Friendship. On true, 348.
Fruit culture. On the value of wood ashes in, 149;
Curious eflects of grafting in, 375.
Funerals among Friends. Remarks upon, 18.
Fungus. Notice of a large, 106.
Experiments on the abundance of the spores of,
in the air, 125.
Gas-flame. Method of increasing the light of, 179.
'Gentle words. On the power of, 355. _
Cacology. Notice of a fossil toothed bird, 212.
Geological changes attending the fall of rain, 100.
Glass. On recent improvements in spinning, 133.
Glauber's salt. Notice of a native deposit of, in the
Caucasus, 339.
Gold and silver. On the values and weights of, 207.
Golden baits. Extract entitled, 220.
Gospel. Remarks of Daniel Wheeler on the spread of
the knowledge of the, 52.
Gospel love. On the sweetness of, 398.
Grace. On the transforming worli of, 223.
Grammar. On a common error in, 362.
Grellet Stephen. The substance of a sermon by, 271._
Grubb Sarah [L.] Extract from a religious communi-
cation by, 119.
Remarks of, on plainness of dress, and com-
ments, 346.
On true friendship, 348.
On the duty of parents to their children, 388.
Haines Hinchman. Remarks on the character of, 347.
Hall David. Earnest desire of, on behalf of the youth,
Hall Fidelity. Brief account of the death of, 410.
Harvest is ready, but who is to gather it." Essay en-
titled, "The, 334.339.
Hay fever. Relief given by quinia in, 390.
Hay and grass crop, the largest of farm products. The,
206.
Hayes Alice. Extract from, 54.
Ileald John. Account of the life of, with comments,
(continued from Vol. xlvi. p. 410,) 5. 11. 21. 25 33.
41 51 59 65. 82. 89. 98. 107. 117. 12-5.130. 141. 1.50
157. 162. 175. 186. 193. 202. 211. 218. 225.234. 241
254. 261. 270. 277. 281. 292. 302. 305.
Health. Remarks on the enjoyment and preservation
of, 22.
Woolen goods dyed with certain aniline colors
injurious to, 31.
On eating when exhausted, 36.
On impuritv of drinking water, 60.
The eflects of mental overwork on, 99.
On exercise in the open air as connected with, 134
On sleeping in a cold room, 140.
The properties of the Eucalyptus globulus in dry^
ing marshy ground, and preventing malaria,
155.
The necessity of sleep to 164.
On the value of a simple diet to, 174.
Danger to, from drinking water charged with
putrefactive organic matter, 196.
Statistics of, in Berlin, in connection with dram-
age, 204.
Be careful in old age, 364. •
Vapor baths proposed as a remedy for hydro-
phobia, 381.
Relaxation necessary to brain workers, 388.
Hen. Remarks on an experiment with a, 106.
1 XDE X.
Hernhiit and the Moravians. Acconnt of the early
liistory of, '2m.
Hillcs 8amueh Remarks on the recent deallv of, 14.
Observations on tlie cliaractcr of, 77.
Hillnian Sarah. Memoirs and U-tters of, 8"). ]<)■). lOS.
113. 120. l:«. 14t!. 154. 173. 179. 190. 19o. 21'2. 217.
22S. 2.37. 243. 24t». 258. 205. 274. 2;)8. 308. 321. 338.
347. 302. 371.
Hints respectin<; the h\imblin<j, transformintr power of
Divine Grace, when nearing the valley of the shadow
of death, front a memoir of Deborah Backhouse, 324.
3.30.
Holiness. The ways of, the paths of peace, 308.
Holy Scriptures. Objection to calling the, tlie word of
God, 19.
Blessed efTeots often produced on reading the, 22
Remarks of Geo. Whitehead upon the advanta-
ges of edticating children in the knowledge of
the, 30.
A measure of the same Spirit that inspired them
necessary for the right understanding of the,
172. 191.
Remarks on reading the, in families, 213.
are a declaration of the Word of Life, 220.
Reasons why Friends do not read the, in meet-
ings for worship, 325.
Illustrations of, by means of ancient monuments
of Egypt and Assyria, 329.
Horse. Notes on the character of the, 250.
On the wisdom displayed in the construction of
the foot of a, 254.
Horse-racing. Address of Friends to their fellow-citi-
zens, against, 169-
" How others see us." Remarks in reference to Friends,
214.
Humility. Extract from Thomas A'Kempis on, 383.
Humility and gentleness, Remarks on, 221.
Hurricanes. Theory of the occurrence of, 322.
Hvdrophobia. Vapor baths proposed as a remedy for,
381.
Ibex of the Alps. Observations on the, 34.
Ice-berg. The birth of a, 239.
Ice-house. On the construction of a, 106.
" I'll rest when I get home." Anecdote entitled, 140.
Incineration of the body. Experiments upon, 212.
Inconsistencies; or a departure from simplicity in our
dwellings and families. On, 200, 210.
India. Account of roads and canals in, 76.
Details of the present famine in, 230.
India-rubber composition for water-proofs. Process
for a new, 348.
Indians. Account of a friendly council between the
Wichitas .and Osages on the murder of achief, 3.
Modoc. Notice of the, 240.
Report of the Committee of Philadelphia Yearly
Meeting for the improvement of the, 370.
Letter of Jona. Richards in reference to the
Cheyenne, Comanche, &c., 373.
Notice of the action of the executive committee
of the Yearly Meetings upon the warlike
message of J. D. Miles, 403.
Notice of the history of the efforts of Friends
among the Western, 413.
Indian aid association. Letters addressed to Womens',
213, 240.
Inlluence of wealth. On the, 86.
India Rubber. Account of the collection of, 52. 57. 06.
Origin of the discovery of some useful forms of, 82.
Indigo planter. The life of an, 414.
Individual faithfulness. Account of the revival of a
meeting through, 70.
Insects. On the muscular power of, 93.
Destruction to food-producing plants by, 198.
On the voracity of, and injury produced b_v, 301.
Notes on the protection given by ants to certain
plants, 356.
The Colorado potato-bug, .305.
Intemperance. Statistics of the efiects of, upon mor-
tality, 07.
Iron. Notice of hydraidic forging of, 133.
Experiments on the strength of, 310.
EflTects of sudden cooling in weakening, 34S.
Island. Notice of a floating, in Lake Monomonauk, 375.
Islamism. On the desolating efiects of, 387.
Isles of Shoals. Sketch of the, 74.
Jaborandi. Notice of, as a new remedy, 390.
Jackson William. Extracts from a paper by the late,
respecting the Society of Friends, 111.
Jaguar. Anecdote of the capture of^ a, 190.
Japan and the Japanese. Observations on, 12.
Japanese. Notes on the, 274.
Japanese tea. On the growth and preparation of, 194.
paper mill. Description of a, 229.
Jenkins MchiLible. Incident connected with tlio min-
istry of. 12:;.
.Icrusalem. Pauperism in, from ill-advised generosity
of ICurojiean .lews, 22.'!.
The magnitu<le of the temple at, :!0.3.
Jesuits suppressed by Pope Clement XIV, 3.■^.
Jones Anil. E.xtract from a religious commuincation
by, 119.
Jordan Hichard. Extracts from, 253.
Extract from, and comments, 251.
Anecdote of, 313.
Juilging our own faults rather than others. Remarks
on, 324.
Judgment of Truth, -Vdvice of Stephen Cri-p to
Friends to maintain the, 327.
"Keep the heart alive," .349.'
Keeping faith, .\necdotc entitled, 38.
Kcuipis Tlupmas A' Extracts frcjm, 2.
Extract from, upon perseverance in gr.ice, 270.
Extract from, on humility, 383.
Kids. Notes on, 257.
Lahy, ^lichael, a man without arms. Remarkable case
of proficiency in study in, 381.
Lake Geneva. The sudden ch.anges in the level of, due
to changes in the air pressure, 348.
Language. The plain, the correct form of speech, 15.
Expcrie.'ice of Job Scott that the use of the plain,
was a Divine requisition, 231.
Remark of a dean of Derry in reference to the
plain, and comments, 268.
Lajiland. Notes on, 92.
Law William. Extracts from, 114.
Leaves. Jlelhod of skeletonizing, 124.
Leddra William. Account of the martyrdom of, 1.
Leeches. ^Methods of fattening, for sale, 179.
Lessons. Three gnod, 397.
"Let everv one look to his foundation." Essav en-
titled, 182.
Letters of John Newton, 62. 75. 90. 99.
.John Barclay, (i7.
Robert Barclay to Christiana Molleson, 101.
Robert Jordan, 106.
John Heald, 117. 125. 130. 277. 292. 302.
Sar.ih Hillman, 127. 173. 179. 190. 195. 212. 217.
228. 237. 243. 249. 258. 265. 274. 298. 308.321.
338. 347. 302.371.
Jonathan Evans, 149.
James Emlen. Extracts from, 277.
Joseph Elkinton, 170.
Samuel Neale, 245.
Deborah Backhouse. E.xtracts from, 291.
of Elizabeth Lowe, 301.
Letters addres.sed to Friends' Freedmen Association, 79.
Women's Indian Aid Association,
21-3.246.
Letter of -lona. Richai-ds in reference to Indians in
Indian Territory, 373.
Libraries, Pnbilc. On the influence that might be
exerted by, in checking the habit of lictitious read-
ing, 28.3.
Life. Statistics of the efl'ects of intemjierance upon, 6. .
On physical and intellectual, 134.
Considerations on a lost, 375.
Lightning. Length of flashes of, 291.
Little things. On faithfulness in, 414.
Living.stone Dr. David. Interesting traits in the
character of, 134.
Linden-bark. On the collection and uses of, in Ger-
many, 84.
Lion. .Vdventure of Dr. Livingstone with a, 287.
Lion and the shark. Anecdote entitled, 46.
Lizards in Nicaragua. Notes on, 338.
Locomotive. Account of a trial of a tireless, 155.
Locusts in Persia. Account of a swarm of, 35.
Loon. JIaternal anxiety of a, 287.
London. On underground, 399.
Lost child. " Essay entitled, "The, 389.
Ludgater Hannah. Brief account of the life and re-
ligious labors of, 380.
Machinery. E.^periments showing the loss of power
in, 196.
Mackintosh, Sir James. Last words of, 227,
Malaria- On the efi'ect of the growth of the Juienhjplus
globulus in drying marshes and preventing, 1-55,
Man, Remarks on the early history of, as opposed to
the doctrines of the evolutionists, 156. 161.
Marriage. Hints in relation to, from the Memoirs of
Deborah Backhouse, 291.
Marriages. On the testimony of Friends against mixed,
122.
Marriages. — Daniel Blackburn to Matilda E. Harrison,
8; C. Canby I'alderston to Mary .\nna lirown, 88 ;
Charles M. Tatnall to Rebecca L. (tibbnns, 88;
Sirphcn W. Savery to Susanna Forsylhe, 101; ICd-
ward Saverv to Hannah Hughes, 12il ; Job Hucstis
tc. Rachel 'W. Cope, 170; Richard W. lla.-ori to
Kebe<'ca l^lkinlon, 216; ICllis Branson to Jane liisimp,
216; Ulysses A. Metirew to Susan Branson, 3(!0 ;
Thomas Kindjcr to Mary E. Shearman, 308 ; Benja-
min C. Satterthwaite to Elizabeth C. French, 384 ;
Elisha B. Steer to Ellen C. Gilbcrl, 392.
Mcl'arly Kllen. Faithfulness and perseverance of, in
attending her religious meetings, liSl.
Medusa, .\ccount of ih* secretion of acetic acid by, 201.
Meat. Notice of a patent for prepared dried, 238.
Meehanique Celeste. On the character and contents
of, 411.
Meinam. On the inund.it ions of the, 194.
Memorial of Bradford Monthly -Meeting concerning
Samuel Cope, 9.
Memorials of deceased Friends. Remarks of John
Barclay on the value of, 380.
Memoirs "and letters of Sarah Hillman, 85. l(i:!. 108.
113. 120. 138. MO. 1-54. 17.3. 179. 190. 194. 212. 217.
228. 237. 243. 249. 258. 205. 274. 298. 308. 321. 338.
347. 302. 371.
Memory. Instances of remarkable, 2-55.
Mennonites. Advice of, to their members against join-
ing Farmers Granges, 244.
Early history of, and expected e.xodusofa body
of from Ru.ssia, 276.
Metals. On the magnetic, 2S4.
On the behavior of under strain, 348.
Meteors. Notices of 11th month displays of, 153. 103.
171. 177.
On the supposed origin of, 177.
Meteorites. Notice of the falling of, 131. 1-53.
Methodists. ( )n the testimony of the early, in reference
t(,i dress and amusements, 351.
Millionth measuring machine. Notice of a, 84.
Mimetic forms in insects, i>ic. On, 332.
Milk. Notes on the purity of, in London, 59.
Notice of a manufactory of )ireserved, 390.
Mines in Lake Superior region. Notes on ancient, 278.
Ministry. Geo. Whitehead's experience of the qualifi-
cations for, 13.
Observations of Wm. Dewsbury upon a forward,
15.
of example. The, 20. 390.
The qualification for gospel, 44.
Remarks on the present condition of the, 54.
The tendencv of a fal.se, to jiromote inlidelitv,
100.
Remarks on the dangers and trials attending the
work of the, 117.
of illiterate persons. Anecdotes of, 123.
Remarks of Sarah Hillman on the prospect of
being called to the, and the call to, 120. 179.
Observations on being too easily drawn to travel
profe.ssedly in the work of the, 150.
Remarks on the depth of the baptisms attending
the, 171.
Remarks on the suH'erings and the con.solations
of the, 195.
Rera.arks in reference to the, in the Society of
Friends, 205. 207.
Observations of .Tohn Heald on^the in.ability of
man. in his own will, to preach the (iospel,219.
Remarks of Samuel Scott in relation to the, 227.
The value of a few words, under the right au-
thority in the, 277.
Hints in relation to a preparation for the, from
the memoirs of Deborah Backhouse, 291.
Weighty advice to Friends engaged in the, 325.
Anecdote of Richard .Jordan in relation to, 343.
Those engaged in the, liable to peculiar tempta-
ti(jns, 357.
Misspelling. .\ curious result of, 51.
Montana. Notice of the scenery of the national park
in, and wanderings in, 317. 323. 331. 337. 340.
Moon. On the heat of the, 20.
Moravians. Account of the early history of, 233.
M<ire, Hannah. Remarks of, upon vanity, 84.
Moses. Remarks on the lessons to be learned from the
account of, SO.
Mount Sha-sta. The view from the top of, 14.
Mountains. On the heights of the highest, in North
.Vmerica, 15.
Mourners in Zion. Encouragement to, 54.
Murder case. Acconnt of a remarkable, 90.
Music. Edward Cobb restrained from the use of sacred,
2S5.
National Observatory. Account of the clock and chro-
nometers at the, 20,
Natural History. Sand wasps of the Amazon lb;
Mason wasps and bees of Brazil, 27 ; Tlie Ibex of the
alps 34 ; Locusts in Persia, 35 ; The porpoise, 50 ;
Tlie English sparrow, 54; Bees as architects, <0;
Touching anecdote of a spider, 70 ; Young seal at the
Brighton Aquarium, 85 ; Muscular power ot insects,
93 -"How slieep dogs are trained, 9S ; Tlie devil-fash
101 • Our mi<'ratory birds, 139. 14S ; The cave eel ot
Mau'ritius, 145; Tlie mud laff, 145; Sea-cucumber.s,
156 • Large octopus, lod ; On the habits of the black
bass ltj7 ■ Crocodiles in Siam, '203 ; The coati, 204 ;
Wild animals in Siara, 210 ; The sugar mite 212 ;
The "iron lance" of Martinique, 221 ; The Siberian
dof 222 ■ Elephants in service, 223 ; On animal
character,'22G. 235. 242. 250. 257. 333. 341. 349. 354 ;
The size of whales, 227 ; The character of the cow,
22ti. 349. 354; Anecdotes of dogs, 23o. .349; Ihe
character of the cat, 242. 333. 341. 349 ; On the
cliaracter of the hor.se, 250 ; The character of tlie ox,
250; The character of the donkey, 2-A ; The foot oi
a horse, 254; On the character of the pig, wolt, kids,
257 ; Loons, 2S7 ; The liabits of the fur seal, 293 ; The
voracity of insects, 301 ; On mimetic tonus, bo'^ ;
Iguanas in Nicaragua, 33S ; Instinct of birds in sekct-
incT sites for nests, 342; Ticks in Nicaragua, o-jL ;
Anecdote of two canary birds, 354 ; On the home and
habits of certain ants, 356 ; On the migration ot
butterflies, 372 ; The hermit-bird, 399 ; The California
wood-rat, 404.
Natural and grafted fruit. Essay entitled, 2L1.
Neale, Samuel. Letter of, 245.
Nebraska. Description of the "bad-lands" in, 09.
Nebuhe. The number and variety of, 204.
On the nature of, 393.
Newton .John. Account by, of a poor woman, rich m
faith, 35.
Letter of, to a person in Rome, 02.
Letter of, to Hannah More, 75.
Letter of, after the death of his wife, 90.
Letter of, on the death of W. Cowper, 99.
Niagara. Remarks upon, by a late visitor, 151. 15S.
Rescue of a man from being swept over the tails
of, 351.
Nickel. Petition against the coinage of, in Oermany,
105. ,,
Nitrate of soda district of Peru. On the, .jb4.
Not. On a common grammatical error in the use ol,
362.
Novel reading. On the inlluence that might be exer-
cised by public libraries in checking the taste
for, 283.
On the pernicious effects of, 410.
Oaks. On the comparative value of our American, 209.
Obedience to the manifestations of Truth in the heart.
On, 22. ...,,..,
OfFeiiders. The proper objects in view in dealing wiili,
309.
Onions and garlic. On peculiarities of taste shown in
fondness for, 325.
Oranges and lemons. Ou the cultivation and market-
ing of, 208.
" Our watch and our warfare." Essay entitled, 60.
Ox. On tlie character of the, 250.
Palm-groves of Elche. Account of the, 21.10.^
wine in Nicaragua. Preparation of, 348.
Palm-oil. On the preparation of, 394.
Paper. Process for the manufacture of lire-proof, 93
Notice of a large liuilding made of, 133.
Method of making, in .Japan, 229.
Parents. Advice of London Yearly Meeting in ISOO
to, 67. , . ,
Remarks on the duty of, as exemplified in the
life of Deborah Backhouse, 315.
On the reciprocal duty of, and their children,
.319.
Paris. Notes on the markets of, 91.
"Part not with these old works of true experience, in
them our fathers wrapt up wisdom for their sons."
Incident relating to the writings of Friends, 322.
Partridge. Anecdote of the old, and her young ones,
68.
Patents. Statistics of, in Great Britain from 101/ to
1870, 340.
Patience. Remarks of Fenelon on, 14S.
Peace. Four steps that lead to, 71.
Peanut oil. On tlie production and uses of, in the U.
States, 227.
Pencils. On the manufacture of lead, 4.
Penington Isaac. On the early ministers among
Friends, 4.
Testimony of Win. Penn to, 21.
Testimony of, to the Light of Christ, 3G.
INDEX.
Penington Isaac. On hating reproof, 43. _
Advice of, to every one to look to his spiritual
foundation, 182.
Remarks of, on falling into temptation, 2-..1.
Penn William. Caution of, against vain thoughts, 104.
Extract from, entitled " Come, reader, hearken
to me awhile," 165.
On premeditation in prayer, 247.
On the blessing attending true resignation, o03.
Remark of, in relation to religion.s professors
called "Seekers," and comments, 310.
Exhortation of, to Friends to faithfulness in
spreading a knowledge of the Truth, and com-
ments, 328.
Pennsylvania. Remarks on the injustice of a clause
respecting the militia in the new constitution of, 159.
Perseverance in grace. Extract from Thomas ilKempis
upon, 270.
Pielv. The influence of, 118.
Pig." On the character of the, 257.
Pike Joseph. Reply of, to objections to plainness of
dress, 317.
Pike's Peak. Remarks on the ascent of, 19.
Pitcher-plant. Curious observations on the, 405.
Plants. On instinct in, 22; Trailing pine of Siberia,
84 ; Observations on the sundew, 100; Rapid growth
of the bambijo, 107 ; Valuable properties of the
Eucalyptus globulus in drying marshes, 155 ; Our
American oiiks, 209 ; The ambatch, 282 ; The whist-
ling tree of Central xU'rica, 297 ; The papyrus, .HOO ;
The potato-rot, 308; Edible tubers of Colocasia, 326;
The pitcher plant, 405.
Plants. Effects of the galvanic current upon, 84.
The pollen of, abundant in the atmosphere, 125.
Artificial aid to the fertilization of, 239.
Cultivation of the cockatoo flower in England,
262.
Notice of DeCandoUe's work on, in 17 volumes,
1.55.
On the perforating power of the roots of, 388.
Plays and romances. Remarks ou the pernicious effects
of, 38.
Poetry. — Oi-i(/ma;. — Gathered, 20; Influence of a
worldly spirit, 44 ; Sunset, 100 ; To an anemone in
a burial ground, 100 ; A Review of life, 196 ; What
the flowers said, 268 ; The Comet, 404.
Selected.— Art thou a mother ? 236 ; Be still in God, 60 ;
• Be in earnest, 104; Bearing life's burdens, 292 ; Be
ye also ready, 332; Be of good cheer; be not afraid,
348 ; The Bh-th Record, 348 ; The Child's heart, 340 ;
Come to me, 364; The Dandelion, 148; Dream of
summer, 260; The Fire by the sea, 212; Faith, 332 ;
Here and there, 68 ; Hymn on the prospect of death,
124; I wonder why, 5; The Invitation, 12; Im-
perishable, 76 ; If we would, 196; Is this the way ?
244 ; .Jessie's vision, 92 ; Live to do good, 28 ; Leave
the things which are behind, 68 ; The lowest place,
76; .-V lowly life-psalm, ICiA; Lines to Hannah More,
124; Lines written by Hannah More, 252; Little
streams, 284 ; Live for something, 308 ; Leafless trees,
372; A motto for boys, 204; My darlings, 252; Not
alone, 356 ; Ode to wisdom, 84 ; Old age and death,
228 ; On the wreck of the Pocahontas, 396 ; The
Persian poet's farewell, 36; Pilgrim discoveries,
52 ; Prayer for the family of a friend, 140 ; Putting
off' the armor, 14S; The Prayer of Agassiz, 180;
Prodigals, 228; Prayer for strength, 252; Resig-
nation, 12. 84 ; Reason, 212 ; " Rejoice in the Lord
always," 316 ; Solitude, 36; Sowing andreapiug, 44;
Still'day in autumn, 51; Sowing his wild-oats, 150;
Sorrow, 236 ; Shining stars, 300 ; Speak no ill, 300 ;
A song in the night, 324 ; The secret spring, 364 ;
"Speak, Lord, thy servant hears," 380; There is none
like unto Thee, 5 ; Twilight, 76; Thankfulness, 84;
Thv way is best, 92; Time, 108; Too soon? 132;
Trees in the city, 220 ; The Tree, 244 ; The two
armies, 200 ; Trust in God, 268 ; " Thy kingdom
come," 284; Trouble, 316; The "time of need," 324;
Teach me patience, Lord to wait, 356 ; Too late, 380;
Wayfarers, 20 ; " Watching and waiting," 22 ; Wasted
fountains, 60; Wisdom, 164 ; The world's complaint,
204; Who giveth songs in the nigh't, 292; What is
prayer? 30S ; Watching, .388; Words, 388; Youth
renewed, 132; Youth and age, 220.
Polycarp. Account of the death of, 237.
Poo'r in London. Observations on the rate of mortality
among, and the price of coal, 165.
Pori ois'e at the Brighton Aquarium. Description of
the, 50.
Potatoes. Notice of a prize for disease-proof, 239.
Potato-disease. Notice of essays upon the, 212.
Potato-rot. Notes on the, 308.
Potash. On the sources of commercial, lOG.
Potash. On the discovery and production of, at Stass-
fnrt, 141.
Prayer. On, 102. 114. 308.
Observations of Wm. Penn on premeditation in,
247.
Remarks on vain repetitions in, 300.
Prepare for spring. Advice to farmers, 243.
Pressure of the armor on the nations of Europe. The
389.
Primitive man and revelation. Remarks of Professor
Dawson on, 156. 161.
Pumping engines. Notice of the most powerful known,
133.
Pygmies. Notice of a race of, in Central Africa, 345.
Railroad. Description of the London underground,
199.
Railroad du.st. On the composition of, 70.
Railroads. Invention to register the number of pas-
sengers on, 93.
High rate of speed upon, in England, 93.
Trial of a fireless locomotive for city, 155.
Rain tall in England, &c. On the variation of the, 10.
Facts showing the promotion of, by the growth
of forests, 197.
Recreations of brain workers, 388.
Red dye. Account of the discovery of the Gobelin, 82.
Red river raft. The removal of the, 108.
Reform school, for juvenile offenders, at Jamesburg,
N. -J. Account of the, 395.
Religion. Extract from the Episcopalian in opposition
to the popular idea of intellectual faith, 402.
Reproof. Remarks of I. Penington on hating, 43.
Revelation and scepticism. Remarks on, 46.
Resignation. The blessings of, 303.
Religion. On the distinction between theoretical and
practical, 21.
Remarks of Samuel Fothergill on instantaneous
conversion in, 26.
Extract from William Evans on the only way to
experience regeneration in, 68.
Remarks of Daniel Wheeler on the great work
of transformation in, 69.
Remarks of John Heald on the progressive work
of, 83.
Experience of John Burnyeat upon imputative
righteousness, 262.
Silent waiting upon God, 284.
The danger of self-righteousness from the doc-
trine of immediate salvation, 307.
The will of man not to be mistaken for a Divine
call in, 333.
Extract from Robert Barclay on the great cause
of the apostacy from true, 341.
Rest. Prize offered for best essay on the observance of
one day in the week as a day of, from a hygienic
point of view, 262.
Reading. Hints to the young on unprofitable, 132.
a little every day, 133.
Reflections upon Philadelphia Yearly Meeting, 1874,
307. 316. 325. . .
Repentance. The desire of, the work of Christ in the
he.art, 115. .
Report of the Committee of Philada. Y''carly Meeting
to visit the subordinate meetings, 313.
of the Committee for the improvement of the
Indians, 370.
of the Westtown Boarding School Committee,
.378.
Rhoads Joseph. Observations on the late, 77.
Rich in faith. Account of a poor wiiman, 35.
Riches. Ou the danger in the accumulation of, to
spiritual growth, 6.
Remarks on the above, and appeal for the
Teacher's fund of Westtown B. School, 42.
Illustration of the vanity of, in N. Rothschild,
252.
Selections from the New Testament and several
authors on the pursuit of, 394.
River Meinam. On the inundations of the, 194.
Rothschild Nathan. Illustration of the vanity of riches
in, 252.
Ruins in Arizona. Account of ancient, 396. _ _
Rutter Thomas. Brief account of his call to the minis-
try, and life, 387.
Savery William. Remark of, on a religious visit to
Batii, lingland, 380.
Salt mine of Louisiana. Account of the, 11.
Sanible Richard. Loving epistle of, 178.
Schools for Friends. Remarks on, 187.
School for juvenile offenders. Account of a reform, 395.
Science in the cottage, 245.
Scientific notes, 84. 93. 100. 106. 12-1. 133. 155. 165.
ITS. 106. 204. 212. 238. 262. 339. 348. 355. 390.
Scott Joli. Experience of, in regard to plainness of
(Ire.ss and Language, 231.
Scott Samuel. Extract from, in relation to ministrv,
227.
Extract from a testimony bv, on the necessity of
a timely preparation for death, 259.
Sea. Suggestion for creating an inland, in X. Africa,
212.
The motion of the waves of, not necessarily an
advance, 339.
Theory of the currents of the, 406.
Sea bottom. Curiosities of the, 102.
Sea water recommended for bread-making, 85.
Seal. Habits of the fur, 293.
" Search the camp." Essay entitled, 268.
Sewel "William, the historian. Remarks on the value
of the writings of, 1S9.
Seed of the kingdom in man." Essav entitled " The,
341.
Sewage. Profitable use of, at Dantzic, 390.
Shackleton Richard. Extracts from, 293.
Shilitoe Thomas. Superintending care of Divine Pro-
vidence over the family of, while absent on a
religious visit, 50.
Instructive dream of, and comments, 183.
Shipwrecked Norwegians. Account of the death of
seventeen, 2.
Siam. On the value of the inundations of the Meinani
to, 194.
Notes on wild animals in, 203. 210.
Silk culture in California. Account of the, 381.
of various colors produced bv special feeding,
22. 165.
Silver smelting at Chicago. Notes on, 12.
On the value and weight of, 207.
Simpson John. Dying testimony of, to the necessity of
spiritual baptism, 349.
Sirius. Recent spectroscopic observations on, 409.
Skin-gr.afting. Notice of a curious case of, 212.
Slave-trade. Remarks of Dr. Livingstone on the E.ast
African, 30,
Remarks of Dr. Schweinfurth on the East
African, 315. 373. 386.
Sleep. On the loss of, from mental strain, 99.
On the value of, to health, 164.
On some of the phenomena of, 397.
Sleeping in a cold room. Remarks on, 140.
Snails. Illness caused by eating, 212.
Snake temple in Daliomey, 395.
Snakes in Martinique. Notice of venomous, 221.
Adventure with a python, 326.
Snowdon .Joseph. Remarks on tlie character of, 38.
".Some other wav." Essav entitled, 44.
Somerville Mary. Sketclfof the life of, 276.
Historv of the translation of " Mechanique Ce-
leste'" by, 382.
Sound. On preventing the echo of, in public buildings,
125.
Fogs believed not to materially affect the pene-
tration of, 300.
.Sounds we cannot hear, 204.
South Sea Company. Infatuation respecting the, 299.
Spain. Account of the general physical appearance of,
260.
Sparrow. Usefulness of the Englisli, in American
cities, .54.
Spectrum analysis. On the study of certain stars by, 83.
Spider. Touching anecdote of a, 70.
S|"inge. On the phj-siology of a, 45.
Statistics of the effects of intemperance upon mortality,
67.
of the value of the hay and gr.ass crop, 206.
of the value of gold and silver, 207.
of the production of cotton-seed oil in Louisiana,
219.
of the production and uses of peanut oil in the
United States, 227.
of patents granted from 1617 — 1870, in CTreat
Britain, 340.
of eleven principal commercial nations, 390.
of the destructive effects of ardent spirits in
Virginia, 412.
Stars. On the study of, bv spectrum analysis, 83.
The velocity of measured by the aid of the spec-
troscope, 133. 409.
On the motion of the, 401. 409.
News from the, 409.
Star-streams. Richard A. Proctor upon, 350. 353. 361.
^ 369. 379.
Steam engine. First invention of self-acting valves for
the, 82.
Notice of a, for street car.s, 92.
INDEX.
Steel. The increased production of, in (Jrcat P>iitain,
93.
Storm in New England in 163-5. Account of a great,
74.
Storms. On the course and velocity of certain, 253.
Story Christopher. Christian council by, 34.
Story Thomas. Remark of, in reference to a testimony
of the dean of Derry, and commentSj 268.
Stoves. Notes on the history of, 407.
Street pavements. Dricks boiled in tar proposed for,
238.
Statistics of relative safety of different, 238.
Strength of iron and wood. Notes on, 316.
Substitutes for drinking saloons, 283.
Subtropical ramliles. Notes on, 145. 150.
Success. On the clement of, in lumian pursuits, 131.
Sufferings of a lost man in the wilderness of Montana,
.317. 323. .331. 337. 346.
Sugar. Account of tlie discovery of the present process
of whitening, 82.
Sugar-mite. Notice of the, 212.
Siunmarv of Events, 7. 15. 23. 31. 39. 47. .56. 64. 71. 8(1.
87. 96.' 104. 112. 12U. 128. 13(). 143. 1.52. li;0. 1(i7. 176.
1S4. 191. 200. 208. 21(>. 224. 232. 240. 248. 256. 2ii4.
272. 280. 288. 296. 304. 312. 320. 328. 33(1. 344. 352.
3(;0. 3(>8. 376. .384. 392. 400. 408. 416.
Sun. On the parallax and distance of the, 109. 116.
121. 129. 137. 146.
.Statements illustrating the distance of the, 262.
.Siuibeam. Tlie, a physical paradox, 227.
Sunlight. On the chemical energy of, 93.
S((n-set. Description of a Northern, 342.
Switzerland. History- and customs of the Appenzell
canton of, 377. 385. 397.
Taxation that kills, 412.
Tea. On the growlli and preparation of Japanese, 191.
" Teacli your children the fear of the Lord." Essay
entitled, 167.
Comments on the above, 167.
Telegraph. Difficidlv of understanding the, in Persia,
44.
Temper. On the control of, through tirace, 311.
Tem[)tations. Preservation from to be ex^ierienced by
those who fear and are truly dependent upon
God, 351.
Remarks on watchfulness against, 357.
Gradual, the most powerful, 407.
Texas cattle farm. Account of a, 259.
Theatrical amusements. Remarks on tlie corrupting
tendency of, 17.
Address of Friends to llieir fellow citizens
against, 169.
Three meek men. Account of, 77.
Comments on the above, 86.
Thunder. Distances at which it is audible, 291.
Ticks in Nicaragua. Annoyance caused by, 352.
Toliacco. Fatal cases of poisoning by, 155.
Remarks on the relaxing power of, on the mus-
cles, 179.
The injury resulting from the use of, 300.
Trees. On the cause of the bursting of, bv lightning,
178.
Tree-dwellings on Isabel Island. Accoimt of the, 165.
Tree planting. t)n the custom and benefits of, 61.
The advantages and profits of, 93.
Troy. Notice of discoveries on the supposed site of
ancient, 310.
Tunnels. Notices of the length of great, 318.
Universe. On a new theory of the, 393.
Upshur Thomas. Brief account of, 10. ■
Vain thoughts. Caution of AVilliam I'enn against in-
dulging, 164.
Vancouver's Island. Notice of the mineral wealth of,
238.
Vanity. Remarks of Hannah More upon, 84.
Veitch .James. Notice by Mary Somerville of, 2(>7.
Vegetable instinct. On, 22.
Venus. Explanation of the object and method of as-
tronomers in observing the transit of, 109. 110. 121.
129. 137. 14(5.
Vesuvius. Notes on, 102.
Account of recent eruptions of 273.
V^ice not cured by wrath, 300.
Vine. Suggestion to check the ravage.s of the insect in-
jurious to, in Europe by the introduction of an acarus,
■l-5.5.
Vinegar producing polype, 348.
Voice from the past. A, 255.
Voices by the sea, 3.
Volcano. Visit to Mount .Shasta, an extinct, 14.
Notes on Vesuvius, 103. 273.
Volcano. Extensive lava beds resulting from an ex-
tinct, in Oregon, 292.
Wakefulness from overwork. On, 99.
Walking in the .'Spirit. Extract entitled, 199.
Walnut lumber. Notice of the increasing value of, 271.
Wanted — more Calebs. Extract entitled, 58.
War. Remarks on the feeling between France and
Germany growing out of the late, 54.
On the ]irospcct of a, between the United .Statc.t
and Sp:iin, 127.
Statistics of the losses of the (iernians during
the late, 133.
The oblig.aion to maintain the doctrines of the
New Testament against, rests upon tTOvern-
ments ecpially with individuals, 159.
Kxiiected exoilus of Meunonites from Russia on
account of tlieir testimony against, 276.
The appointment of a " ilecoration" day tends to
cherish the spirit of, 3!i5.
The magnitude and burden of the present
"peace" armaments of I'au'ope, 389.
Wasps. Notes on the sand, of the .\mazon, IS.
Waring Deborah. Short account of the life and re-
ligious labors of, 374.
Waste sidjstances. On the utilization of, 201.
Water. On llie ready conl.unination of, by foul ga-ses, 60.
Method of purifying driid;ing, I'.IO.
Tlie corrosive action of sea, in the presence of
copper, upon iron, 204.
Water-proofing material. Process for a new, 348.
Wealth. On the prejudicial inlliicnce of, upon the So-
cietv of Friends, 86.
On the right use of, 101.
Weather for .Seventli mo. 1873. Review of the, 5.
for Eighth mo. 1873. Review of the, 35.
for Ninth mo. 1S73. Review of the, 77.
for ICIeventh mo. 1873. Review of the, 174.
for Twell'th mo. 1873. Review of the, 174.
for First nio. 1874. Review of the, 221.
Notes on some mild winters, 220.
Review of, for 4th mo. 1874, 309.
Striking illustration of the mildness of the
winter, 1873-4, 239.
Unchanging character of the, on the Atlantic
coast, 253.
The ap[iearance of the clouds indications of the,
311.
Observations on whirlwinds, 322.
Projjosed method for noting the direction of the
wind at any altitude, 348.
The leech used to foretell changes in the, .390.
Weeds. Rapid destruction of, by sulphuric acid, 124.
Westtown Boarding School. Appeal on behalf of the
teacher's fund of, 42.
Remarks on strengthening the hands of the
caretakers at, 279.
Report of the Committee having charge of, 378.
Wheatfields of the future. On the, 14.
Whales. On the size of, 227.
Wheeler Daniel. Remarks of, on the Epistle of
London Yearly Meeting of 1835, 12.
Remarks of, on the spread of the knowledge of
the gospel, 52.
Brief extract from, 63.
On the great work of transformation in the
heart, 69.
Whirlwinds. Observations on, and theory respecting.
White wheat. ICssay entitled, 133.
Whitehead (icorge. Experience of, in regard to true
gospel ministry, 13.
Remarks of, on the advantages of educating chil-
dren in a knowledge of the Holv Scriptures,
30.
Will. Curious anecdote relating to a, 284.
Winters. Notes on some mild, 22().
Witchcraft. Belief in by natives of Central .\frica, 31 1.
Wolf. On the character of the, 257.
Wolves. .Vccoimtofan atlventure with, 205.
Wood. On the preservation of, by lime, 124.
Woolm.an John. Remarks on the faithfulne.ss of, to
the pointings of duty, 118.
Extract from on theacciuuulation of wealth, 215.
Women's a]>parel. Scripture texts u[)on, and com-
ments, 171.
Word by the way." Essay entitled, " A, 31S.
Worship. Remarks of John Heald upon the duty of,
25. 211.
Advice of David Hall upon meetings for silent,
36.
Remarks on the solemn importance of, 46.
Anecdoteof individual faithfulness in the revival
of a meeting for, 70.
Worship. Remarks of John Croker on the attendance
of meetings for, 167.
Keraarks on singing in meetings for, 187. 219._
On the impropriety of ostentatious display in
the huildings for, 190.
Plea of a professed minister of another religious
denomination for silence in meetings for, 193.
On silent, 254.
On the proper engagement of mind, in meetings
for, 261.
Approval of one not a Friend, of silent, 310.
True, an act of faith, 311.
Reasons why Friends do not read the Scriptures
in meetings for, 325.
Yearly Meeting, Canada, 1873.
ings of, 31.
Notice of the proceed-
INDEX.
Yearly Meeting. London, 1798. Zeal manifested by
several Friends in attending, 287.
London, 1835. The General Epistle of, 29.
Remarks of Daniel Wheeler on the above, 12.
1840. Advice of, in reference to public wor-
ship, 46.
1800. Advice of, to children and to parents,
67.
E.xtracts from the annual Epistles of, in former
years, 73.
Report of a conference held 11th mo. 1873, by
authority of, 142.
Comments on the above, 142. 181. 187. 197.
214. 215.
1874. Notice of the proceedings of, 366. 399.
Ohio, 1873. Account of the proceedings of, 71.
Extracts from tiie minutes of, 94.
Yearly Meeting, 1854. Remarks of Sarah Hillman on
the separation in, 362. 371.
Philadeli)hia, 1833. Advice of, to its members,
255.
1849. Expressions of Sarah Emlen in, 278.
1874. Observations on the approach of the
time of holding, 279.
1874. Account of the proceedings of, 294.
1874. Reflections upon the proceedings of,
307. 316. 325.
Remarks upon the, 334. 339.
1874. Report to, of the committee appointed
to visit the sul)ordinate meetings, 313.
of Ministers and Elders, 1787. Weighty ad-
vice of, with comments, 325.
Zodiacal light. Theory offered to account for the, 379.
^
I
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. XLVII.
SEVENTH-DAY, EIGHTH MONTH 23, 1873.
NO. 1.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
Price Two Dollars per annum, if paid in advance. Two
dollars and fifty cents, if not paid in advance.
SabBcriptlons and Payments TBceiyed by
JOHN S. STOKES,
AT NO. 116 UORTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS,
PHILADELPHIA.
>03tage, when paid quarterly in advance, five cents.
For -'The Friend."
ffilliam Lcddra.
We have not much information respectino-
:his faithful man and martyr for the Truth^
sefore his appearance in JSTew England in tlie
fear 1658. It appears that he "was an in-
labitant of the Island of Barbadoes, and was
jonvinced of the principles of Truth as held
3y Friends. In the j-ear mentioned he went
,0 New England in obedience, as he believed,
,0 the call of his divine Master, where he was
loon arrested, and with his companion William
Brend, taken to Salem, in Ma8,sachusetts.
The magistrates of this place asked them if
:hey were i,>uakeis ; auu uemg lold ihej' were
10 called in scorn, they charged them with
lenying that Christ who died at Jerusalem
md also the Holy Scriptures. These false
iccusations they boldly contradicted, declar-
ng they owned no other Lord Jesus Christ
)ut he who suffered at Jerusalem, and that
hey owned the Holy Scriptures. They were,
lowever, sent to the House of Correction, and
.t length removed to Boston and again im
)ri8oned, with orders that they shoufd work
Jeing unwilling to comply with this unrio-ht-
ous demand, they were kept five daj's with-
out food, and then whipped with a three-
orded lash.
After the infliction of this barbarous punish-
itent, William Leddra was banished from
!o8ton on pain of death ; but believing it his
uty to return thither, he was thrust into an
pen jad, where he was kept during an ex-
remelycold winter, chained to a log of wood.
lere his hardships and sufferings were so
reat, that it seemed as if his persecutors de-
igned to destroy him ; but he was supported
arough them all, and on the 9th of First mo.
660-1, was brought before the Court of As-
stants, with his chain and log at his feet
'n bemg told that he had incurred the penalty
f death, he meekly asked what evil ho had
one ? He was answered that he owned the
makers who had been hung, and refused to
ut off his hat in court, and said " thee" and
thou."
Finding that his persecutors were resolved
possible to take his life, he appealed to the
■ws of England for his trial, saying, that if
lund guilty by those laws, he refused not to
e. But the court overruled his appeal, and
endeavored to persuade him to renounce his
religion and embrace that established by law.
He, on thecontrary,feltconscientiously'bound
to testify against a religion which would
countenance men in cruelly persecuting and
jiutting persons to deaib, 'vcuuso th^'v dare
not embrace it; and looking upon those who
were thus seeking his life, he exclaimed,
"What! join with such murderers as you
are? Then let every man that meets me, sa}',
' Lo this is the man that hath forsaken the
God of his salvation.'" Sentence of death
was passed upon him, and the 14th of the
same month fixed for its execution.
During the interval which elapsed before
the wicked sentence was carried into effect,
this devoted Christian was cheered and sus-
tained by living faith, and filled with a holy
magnanimity which raised him above the fear
of death. The heavenly state of mind with
which he was favored is'shown in the follow-
ing extracts from a letter to Friends, written
the day before his execution. It is addressed
as follows, viz :
TMhe Society of the little flock of Christ,
gmce and peace be multiplied."
"Most dear and inwardly beloved,— The
sweet influences of the Morning Star, like a
flood, distillii!!! into niv ini... .:;p' habitation,
have so tilled me with the joy of the Lord iri
the beauty of holiness, that my spirit is as if
It did not inhabit a tabernacle of clay, but is
wholly swallowed up in the bosom of eternity
from whence it had its being. '
"Alas, alas, what can the%vrath and spirit
of man, that lusteth to envy, aggravated by
the heat and strength of the king of the
locusts, which came out of the pit, do unto
one who is hid in the secret places of the
Almighty, or unto them that are gathered
under the healing wings of the Prince of
Peace ? Under his armor of light they shall
be able to stand in the day of trial, having on
the breastplate of righteousness, and the sword
of the spirit, which is their weapon of war
against spiritual wickedness, principalities
and powers, and the rulers of the darkness of
this world, both within and without.
" Oh, my beloved ! I have waited as a dove
at the window of the ark, and have stood still
in that watch, which the Master, without
whom I could do nothing, did, at his cominr^
reward with fulness of his love, wherein my
heart did rejoice, that I might in the love and
life of God, speak a few words to you, sealed
with the spirit of promise, that the taste
thereof might be a savor of life to your life,
and a testimony in you of my innocent death.'
And if I had been altogether silent, and the
Lord had not opened my mouth unto you, yet
he would have opened your hearts, and there
have sealed my innocency with the streams
of life, by which we are all baptized into that
body which is in God, in whom and in whose
presence there is life; in which, as you abide,
you stand upon the pillar and ground of truth'
for, the life being the truth and the way, go
not one step without it, lest you should com-
pass a mountain in the wilderness; for unto
every thing there is a season.
" As the flowing of the ocean doth fill every
crook and branch thereof, and then retires
again towards its own being and fulness, and
leaves a savor behind it, so doth the life and
virtue of God flow into every one of your
hearts, whom he hath made partakers of his
own divine nature. And when it withdraws
but a little, it leaves a sweet .savor behind it,
so that many can say, they are made clean
through the word that he hath spoken to
them : in which innocent condition you may
see what you are in the presence of God, and
what you are without him.
" Therefore, my dear hearts, let the enjoy-
ment of life alone be your hope, your joy and
consolation ; and let the man of God floe those
things that would lead the mind out of the
cross, for then the savor of life will be buried.
And although some may speak of things that
they received in the life, as experiences, yet
the life being veiled, and the savor that is left
behind washed aw'ay by the fresh floods of
temptation, the condition that they did enjoy'
inthe life, though boasted of by the airy spirit,
will be like the manna that was gathered
yesterday, without any good scent or SMVor.
For it was well with the man only while he
was in the life of innocency ; but beingdrivon
from the presence of the Lord into the earth,
what can he boast of?"
In this remarkable address, W. L. gives
further christian counsel, and exhorts his be-
loved friends to patience and steadfastness,
saying, "hunger and thirst patiently, be not
weary, neither doubt; stand still and cease
from thy own working, and in due time thou
shalt enter into the rest, and thy eyes shall
behold his salvation, who.se testimonies are
sure and righteous altogether."
On the morning when this servant of the
Lord Jesus sealed his testimony with his
blood, the governor came to the prison with
a military guard; William Leddra's irons
were knocked off, and taking a solemn leave
of his fellow prisoners, he went forth cheer-
fully to meet death. The guard surrounded
him in order to prevent any of his friends
from speaking to him ; and when they reached
the appointed place, he took an aftectionate
leave of his friend Edward Wharton, saying,
"All that will be Christ's disciples must take
up his cross." Then taking his stand where
the guard directed him, he addressed the peo-
ple thus : " For bearing my testimony to the
Lord against the decetvers and deceived, am
I brought here to suffer." When the execu-
tioner was putting the halter about his neck,
he calmly said, "I commend my righteous
cause unto thee, O God ;" and as he was turned
off, he cried out, "Lord Jesus receive my
spirit!"
Thus did this innocent martyr lay down
his life cheerfully, and patiently suffer for the
name and testimony of his Lord and Saviour.
THE FRIEND.
A Thrillinff Narrative I" This evening another of our men died ; the
^Yriting frtn!SckL?m on'Iuly 17th, the Lord called Wm ^ome fro,n th.s p ace so r.ch
correspondent of the London Standard says : ' - -.ff.-w_" Prom this day the .,ou. nal con
The sad news of the death of the seventeen
Norwegian whalers, frozen in at Spitzberg
Islands, has now boon confirmed beyond a
doubt. On the IGth of September last year
six Norwegian ships, with their crews of to-
gether fifty-seven men, were frozen in on the
northeastern coast' of the Spitzbergs, at Gray
Hook and Welcome Point, eighteen and
twenty-four English miles respectively, from
the winter quarters of the Swedish polar ex-
pedition, at Mosel Bay. Their provisions
being calculated to last only up to the first of
December, they applied to Professor Norden-
skiold for assistance, and were allowed by him
to dispose of the house and store.« accumulated
at Isfjord. Consequently seventeen men, with
two small open boats, left Gray Hook on the
7th of October, crossing the ice westward, until
they found open water, and finally reached
Isfjord in their boats, on the 14th of October.
The remaining forty-one men prepared them-
selves to pass the winter either in their own
ships at Gray Hook or with the Swedish ex-
pedition at Mosel Bay, when happily, in the
first days of November, a heavy storm broke
theice, andmade thcirescapepossible. Thirty-
nine men were thus able to reach the Nor-
wegian port of Trorasoe. Only two, the old
captain, Mattilas, and his cook, would not
abandon their ship, which was not insured,
and have now been found dead in a boat, pro-
bably on their way to Mosel Bay. The ship
was totally crushed by the ice.
The entries of the journal found at Isfjord
begin with the 7th of October, 1872, and are
regularly continued every day until the 3d of
March, this year. No kind of occupation nor
any undertaking on the part of the men is re-
ported, except a few hunting parties, by whom
two bears, two foxes and a few reindeers were
brought home. Darkness, however, soon pre-
vented all further hunting expeditious, and
on the 7th of November the journal reports :
"Hunting totally abandoned, by cause of the
darkness."
No mention is made of sickness or disease
before the 9th of December, when it is said :
"One of the crew sick since eight days," but
from this day the same complaint repeats
itself with sad monotony: " No improvement
in the state of the sick." On the 19th it is
said: "Two men constantly in bed; nearly
all suffer of the disease." Though no indica-
tion is given what kind of illness here is meant,
there is no doubt that it was scorbutic. The
first death is recorded on the 19th of January,
in the following words : " Tonnes Penderson,
who was taken ill 6th of this month, was
called to the Lord this morning at 3.30, after
a painful illness; this afternoon died also
Hendrik Hendrickson, who was taken ill on
the 19th December. The 3d of February only
three men were in good health, and the jour-
nal repeats every day, "No improvement."
The 20th of Febi-uary we read : " To-day we
have seen the sun for the first time in the year
1873." A now death is recorded the follow-
ing day: "To-day the Lord again called to
heaven one of our comrades, Niles Largson,
after an illness of eighty-two days." Two
days later the entries are made by another
hand, who writes on the 25th: •' I have now
only one man in good health to look after the
whole house. O Lord, help us in our great
distress!" And on the 2Sth ho continues:
in suffering." Prom this day the journal con
tains nothing but annotations of death until
the 19th of April, when the last regular entry
is made thus : " Martin Hansen died the 19th
April at 6 a. m." Then begins another hand,
who writes : " Peter Andreas Nilson, of Bats-
fjord, a red bonnet. Har. T. Mitterhuk." What
these words, which have apparently been
written under the influence of delirium, are
meant to express will never be known, and
the horrible fate of the poor sufferer_ who
traced them can only be guessed. Did he
struggle hours, days or weeks among the six-
teen corpses of his comrades, or did the de-
liverer come as he dropped his pen? Nobody
knows, nor will ever know.— iV. American.
For -'The Friend."
The .Necessity of Bearing tlie Cross.
On this subject Thomas A'Kempis remarks :
" If any way 'but bearing the cross and dying
to his own will could have redeemed man from
that fallen life of self in flesh and blood, which
is his alienation from, and enmity to God,
Christ would have taught it by his words, and
established it by his example. But of all uni
versally that desire to follow him, he has re-
quired the bearing of the cross ; and without
exception he has said to all, ' If any man will
come after me, let him deny himself, take up
his cross, and follow me.'
" In the cross is life, in the cross is health,
in the cross is protection from every enemy ;
from the cross are derived heavenly meek-
ness, true fortitude, the joys of the Spirit, the
conquest of self, the perfection of holiness.
There is no redemption, no foundation for the
hope of the divine life, but in the cross. Take
up thy cross therefore, and follow Jesus, in
the path that leads to everlasting peace. He
has gone before, bearing the cross upon which
he died for thee, that thou mightest follow,
patiently bearing thy own cross, and upon
that die to thyself for him ; and if we die with
him, we shall also live with him ; ' if we are
partakers of his sufferings, we shall be par-
takers also of his glory.'
"If thou bearest the cross willingly, it will
soon bear thee and lead thee beyond the reach
of suffering, where ' God shall take away all
sorrow from thy heart.' But if thou bearest
it with reluctance, it will be a burden to thee
inexpressibly painful, which yet thou must
still feel; and by every impatient effort to
throw it from thee, thou wilt only render
thyself less and less able to sustain its weight,
till, at length, it crush thee.'
" The regenerate man, as he becomes more
spiritualized, has a quicker discernment of the
cross wherever it meets him ; and his sense of
the evils of his exile, as the punishment of
his fallen life, increases in proportion to his
love of God, and desire of re-union with him.
But this man, thus sensible of misery, derives
hope even from his sufterings; for while he
sustains them with meek and humble submis-
sion, their weight is continually diminishing;
and what to carnal minds is the object ot
terror, is to him a pledge of heavenly comfort.
He feels that the strength, the life and peace
of the new man, rise from the troubles, the
decay, and death of the old ; and from his de-
sire of conformity to his crucified Saviou}-, he
derives so much strength and comfort under
the severest tribulations, that ho wishes not
to live a moment without them. Of the truth
of this, the blessed Paul is an illustrious i
stance ; who says of himself, 'I take pleasure
in infirmities, in reproaches, in necessities, in
persecutions, in distress for Christ's sake; for
when I am weak, then am I strong.'
"This desire of suffering, however, and this
meek and patient submission under it, is not
the eft'ect of any power which is inherent in
man, and which ho can boast of as his own;
Ijut is the pure fruit of the grace of Christy
operating so powerfully in the fallen soul, as
to make it love and embrace that, which it-
would naturally abhor and shun." * *
" If thou dependest upon thy own will an
strength to do and to suft'er all this, thou wilt
find thyself as unable to accomplish it as to
create another world ; but if thou turnest to
the Divine power within thee, and trustest
only to that as the doer and sufferer of all,
the strength of Omnipotence will be imparted
to thee, and the world and the flesh shall be
put under thy feet."
The pious and earnest writer from whom
the foregoing extracts have been taken, showE
that the way to the everlasting kingdom of
rest and peace is not smooth and easj' to the
natural man, but it would be a great mistake
to conclude that it was also sad and gloomj
to sincere, humble, devoted Christians. Or
the contrary, we have every reason to believe
that these enjoy much more peace and sub
stantial happiness than those do who lool
merely to worldly enjoyments as their chie
•ood. There is abundant evidence that thos(
who have been most eminent for piety anc
dedication to the cause of their Divine Master
have been also happy men and women, re
ceiving the " hundred fold," even here, whili
their spirits have been cheered and animatec
with the gracious promise that they shouli
inherit everlasting life when the trials an(
warfare of this state of probation were ended
The invitation of our Holy Eedeemer it
"Come unto me all ye that labor and ar
heavy laden, and I will give you rest. Tak
my yoke upon you and learn of me ; for I ar
meek and lowly in heart; and ye shall fin
rest unto your souls. For my yoke is eas;
and my burden is light." Again when abou
to leave his sorrowing disciples he saic
■' These things have I spoken unto you, bein
yet present with you. But the Comforte:
which is the Holy Ghost, whom the Fathe
will send in my name, shall teach you a
things, and bring all things to your remen:
brance whatsoever I have said unto yoi
Peace I leave unto you, my peace I give unt
you : not as the world givetli give I unto yoi
Let not your heart be troubled, neither let
be afraid."
We may also rest assured it is the Lord
will that his servants and followers shoul
show by their countenances and entire depor
ment, that they do not serve a hard maste
Inward conflicts and trials must at times I
endured, as well as the sorrows and attiictioi
which fall to all, but the Christian should e
deavor to keep the former as much as possib
between his own soul and Him who seeth :
secret. This is the lesson taught by the cor
mand : " But thou when thou fastest, anoii
thine head and wash thy face ; that thou a
pear not unto men to fast, but unto thy Path'
which is in secret, and thy Father whi(
seeth in secret, shall reward thee openly
These will be richly rewarded by the lif
giving presence of their dear Saviour, at
cheered and animated by the holy con
THE FRIEND.
3
ience and glorious hopes which He alone can
X.
For "The Friend."
Some of the readers of The Friend may have
known, that diiriucj the present season a chief
of the "Wichita Indians (now in charge of our
friend Jonathan Eichards) was wantonly kill-
ed whilst hunting buffalo, by a party of
Osages, who are in charge of our friend Isaac
T. Gibson. When the account of the murder
reached the Wichitas it produced great ex-
citement among his tribe, who immediately
resorted to measures of retaliation, by invit-
ing the neighboring bands to assist them in
av'enging the death of their chief Through
the instrumentality of Agent Gibson, a mes-
Bcnger was dispatched to the Wichita agency,
with an acknowledgment of the murder, and
an offer to do all in their power to make sat-
isfaction. Upon this, a delegation of the
Wichitas was sent to the Osages, and the fol-
lowing shows the happy result of a council
held for the purpose of adjusting the difficulty,
and the value of having men of peace and
principle among them. In addition to the
two efficient agents above named, Enoch
Hoag the superintendent, and Cyrus Beede,
chief clerk, were useful as members of the
council, and in arresting an Indian war which,
for a time, threatened the peace of the ter-
ritory.
During the unsettlement, an incident oc-
curred which had some effect in promoting
the restoration of peace. Whilst the injured
tribe were smoking the war pipe, and offering
it to others for that purpose, they presented
it to the Pen-e-teh-ka Comanchees, and as
they were passing it round among themselves,
without any shock, the pipe broke, when the
medicine was pronounced bad, and the war
abandoned. W.
Speech of Joseph Paw-ne-no-pa-she, Gov-
ernor of the Osages, to the Wichitas, on the
payment of the indemnity demanded by the
latter tribe for the murder of Is-sad-a-wa,
their principal chief.
" My Brothers, — I desire to say a few words
to you upon our present difficulties. Our fore-
fathers had a road, and that road from one
nation to the other, has always, to the pre
sent time, been kept very clean. Those fore-
fathers, in making that road, looked to the
benefit of us, their children. It was for our
benefit that this road was made, and it is for
our benefit to keep it open and clean ; hereto-
fore, both the Wichitas and Osages, have
travelled this road, have met on the road on
terms of equality, and eaten our victuals in
friendship with one spoon. But lo! many
years have passed, our forefathers are dead,
and we the Osages have violated our faith
■with the Wichitas, by the murder of your
chief; we have been the aggressors, we ac-
knowledge it.
After finding out that my people had done
this, I called together my chiefs and headmen ;
we apprehended the danger that might arise
from this rash, unprovoked act of ours, and
determined to make clean again the road of
our forefathers, now stained with the blood of
Issadawa, killed by my people. My brothers,
we the chiefs, and all the braves, desire this
road made clean, and we hope you are willing
it should be so, for this reason I invited you
here to settle with you. It is not the chiefs
and head men that commit these depredations,
it is our boys that do all this mischief, they
bring upon us all this trouble. One of our
best'friends, the Wichita chief, has been mur-
dered by my people, and I am very sorry for
it, and want to make peace and cover it all up.
When this sad affair is once settled, we must
prevent difficulties of the kind in future, and
for this purpose Ave propose a law for the
punishment of offences against either nation
by the other, hereafter ; this proposition will
bo left to your retlection, j-ou will have to
onsider it; if it meets with your approval you
will sign it.
My brothers, we have promised you some
money, to indemnify you for the loss of your
chief, and I am ready to pay it; in making
up this money, it has been our desire to pro-
vide for the family of the deceased ; it is my
wish, and it is my desire, that you give to
them their full share ; if you give them $400
out of the §1000 you receive, it will help them
very much, they are at your mercy, here is
the 81000— you have the blankets, the ponies,
the shrouding, calico, guns, &c."
The reply of "Dave," speaker for the
Wichitas:
" To the Osages. My brothers,— My heart
is "lad to-dav, to know that the difficulty be-
tween us has been settled. In coming up
here I thought different, but my friend Joe,
and all the Osages, being anxious to settle,
have induced me to consent, and I think all
my brothers, on the plains, will be glad it is
settled without blood. I think you (the
Osages), have come to a wise conclusion to
fix it up as you have : the other course would
have led to war. Now your women and chil-
dren and ours, can sleep in peace, we have
cleaned the road of this blood, and all the In-
dians will be t;lad. But this law you have
driven us to sign, we will take home with us
fo our people, if they approve it, our principal
chief will sign first; I like it, but will let them
decide. That is all."
*~^ Tor "The Friend."
Voices by the Sea.
Listen where the mighty ocean sends forth
its treasures,— ever "drifting, drifting on
the shifting current of the restless main.
Listen to the voices of the dark blue waves,
with their white caps chasing each other
hither and yon, murmuring and hurrying on-
ward to give the alarm of the great breakers
ahead. Hark! do ye hear those tremendous
breakers roaring and dashing, as though they
said, "we will go on, and on, until we over
leap the edge of this grand basin, to fall resist
less upon its sand-bound shore," leaving no
trace save the feathery foam with its sea-
weed drapery, for they hear the voice of Him
who said, " thus for shalt thou go and no far-
ther," and here shall thy proud waves be staid
Listen, close under the shadow of the tow
ering lighthouse, which says :
" Sail on, sail on ye stately ships I
And with your floating bridge the ocean span,
Be mine to guard this light from all eclipse,
Be yours to bring man nearer unto man."
And again, listen to the voices which tell ot
the wonderful forms hid away in the depths
of this immense reservoir— the animal, mine-
ral and vegetable kingdoms— some of surpass-
in ^ size, and some of exquisite, delicate beauty,
wilh all the tints of the rainbow. The great
leviathan and sea-horse, the sardine and tiny
nautilus, all safe in their own paths, the
little ones as the great monsters of the deep.
These all know their bounds, and the place of
their habitation. The massive reefs of coral,
the shining pearl, the great helmet, with the
beautiful sea-weed in itslace-like tapestry and
feathery forms, all shaped and moulded by the
hand of Him who spake and it was done, who
commanded and it stood fast.
Then let us listen to Him. whose voice la
mightier than the noise of many waters; yea,
than the mighty waves of the sea,for He alone
can measure the waters in the hollow of Ilis
hand and brin<,' man nearer unto man.
Hear the raging of that sea when His storm-
cloud rests upon it, and those mighty waves
are like a steed rushing on to battle. Oh,
listen to Him whoso voice alone the elements
obey, and when he speaks peace to the troubled
waters, they must be still, and know that he
is God. W. A.
Curious Canine Trails.- The Quarterly Re-
viero says: A dog feels anger precisely as we
do and after provocation is sometimes vindic-
tive and sometimes placable, according to his
individual character. He is susceptible ot
hatred of the bitterest kind. He is so excru-
ciatinf'ly jealous that his life becomes a bur-
den in the presence of a fiivored rival. His
envy continually leads him to eat what he does
not want, lest another animal should take it,
and to illustrate the fable of the dog in the
manger. Gluttony holds out to him tempta-
tions under which even his honesty sometimes
succumbs ; but, on the other hand, from drunk-
enness he is nobly emancipated. A dog men-
tioned by the Rev. Thomas Jefferson ("Our
Dumb Companions"), having been once made
so drunk with malt liquor that he was unable
to walk up stairs, ever after declined to taste
the pernicious beverage, and growled and
snarled at the sight of a pewter pot. Again
as to maternal affection, the mother dog feels it
with heroic passion, starving herself to death
rather than forsake her offspring. _
Gratitude may be almost said to be a dog s
leading principle, supplying first the spring
of allegiance to his master, and ever after re-
conciling him with true magnanimity, to take
evil from the hand from which he has accept-
ed o-ood. Regret and grief he feels so deeply
that they often break his heart. Fear is a
passion which dogs exhibit with singular
variation, some individuals being very timor-
ous and others perfect models of courage,
the latter characteristics and fortitude seem-
in? to be more characteristically canine A
crreyhound has been known, after breaking
his thigh, to run on till the course was con-
eluded As to hope, no one can observe tho
doo- watching for his master's step, as in Land-
see"r's picture of "Expectation," without ad-
mitting that he knows the sentiment as well
as we Pride in a successful chase may be
witnessed in every dog, and even in the quick-
ened heartbeats of a greyhound when caressed
and praised.
That dogs have personal vanity appears
from the fact that they are so manifestly de-
lected and demoralized when dirty and rag-
o-ed by lontr exposure, and recover their self-
respect immediately on being washed and
combed. Chi%'alry and magnanimity may
nearly always be calculated upon m dogs.
The stories are endless of big dogs generous y
overlooking the insults of small curs, or tak-
ino- them into water and giving them a good
du'c'king as a punishment for their imperti-
nence, and then helping them mercifully back
to land. Sense of property, bifurcating into
1 both covetousness and avarice, is common to
THE FRIEND.
all dogs. The kennel rug, collar, water basin,
or bone once devoted to his use, no dog can
see transferred to another without indigna-
tion. Frequently he "covets his neighbor's
house," and attempts to ensconce himself in
it surreptitiously, and almost universally be
covets his neighbor's bone, and purloins it, if
Le dare.
Even from avarice he cannot be wholly ex-
onerated, observing his propensity to bury
his treasures. Shame, after transgressini;
any oi the arbitrary rules imposed on him, a
dog displays with ludicrous simplicity ; but
of the deeper sense of violated modesty which
in human beings accompanies the commission
of sin, the dog evidently knows nothing what-
ever. Humor, so far as it can proceed without
language, the dog catches readily from a
humorous master, and also the enjoyment of
such games as he can understand. As a baby
crows with glee at "bo-peep," so a dog barks
withdelightat "go-fetch." Make-believe runs
and false starts, romps and tickling, throwing
a ball for him to catch on the grass, or a stick
to fish out of a lake, all supply him with
pleasure analogous in their nature to that
which boys and men find in blind-man's buff,
and prisoner's base, lordly cricket and lady-
like croquet. Lastly, faith in a beloved supe-
rior is perhaps the most beautiful and affect-
ing of all the attributes of a dog.
For "The Friend."
"Thou wilt keep him in perfect peace,
whose mind is staid on Thee because he trust-
eth in Thee."
What is there in this fleeting, transitory
life, to bo compared with the enjoyment of
this perfect peace. In times of trial or danger,
to know the mind staid upon that which can-
not be shaken, is more to bo desired than all
the treasures of Egypt. Every day's experi-
ence shows the fallacy of centering our aflec
tions upon aught below. Every day's experi-
ence shows that no effort of ours can bring
prosperity without the Divine blessing ; shows
that though we may plant and water, yet God
must " give the increase," either temporally
or spiritually. And what abundant evidence
have we, day by day, of our utter helplessness
and entire dependence upon the Great Dis-
poser of events, who can bless a little, or
blast a great deal. And even when to us, our
rich harvests seem almost gathered. He some-
times sees meet to lay our bright prospects in
the dust, doubtless for some wise end. Sun-
shine and shade are wisely blended.
" Enough lias Heaven indulged of joy below,
To tempt our tarriance in this loved retreat ;
Enough has Heaven ordained of useful woe
To make us languish for a happier seat."
Ohio, 8th mo. 8th, 1S73.
" pencil leads." But the leads made in this
way were weak and unreliable, and even had
they been useful the march of civilization re-
quired pencils of different grades, some soft
and others harder, while the sawed leads
were all alike. The present method consists
in selecting the best granulated plumbago
(found till recently only in Germany), pul-
verizing it finely, and floating it in water
through a series of vats, the coarser particles
settling to the bottom of the first vat, the finer
in the next, and so on till after passing through
several, that which settles in the last is con-
sidered fine enough for the purpose. A suit-
able clay is found, as j'et only in Germany,
and this is treated to the floating jjrocess, the
finest only being fit for use. The plumbago
and clay are then mixed together with water
to the consistency of cream, and ground to-
gether like grinding paint. When this ope-
ration is completed, the mass is plastic, water
enough having evaporated to leave it in that
state. It is then put in a press and forced
through an opening of the size desired for the
pencil leads, and the leads are cut to a suitable
length, straightened and dried. When they
are dry enough to handle, they are placed in a
crucible, the air is excluded, and they are sub-
jected to a high lieat, which bakes them, and
brings them out ready to be placed in the
cedar for pencils. The different grades are
produced by the different mixtures of clay and
plumbago ; the more clay the harder the grade
produced. — Late Paper.
Lead Pencils. — The first, and still the most
widely extended use of plumbago, is for
marking crayons or pencils. The original
method of manufacture was very simple.
The lumps of mineral were cut into the re-
quired sha])0 and used in the natural state.
At a later date it was sawed into the shape
now used, and covered with wood, making
the well-known lead pencil ; but the Borrow-
dalo mine in England, the best known, finally
ceased to produce the mineral pure enough
for the purpose, and that method was reluet-
lantly abandoned. The refuse about the mine
was then utilized by purifying and pressing
into blocks, and these in turn were sawed into
For "The Friend."
The Early Ministers Among Friends.
In the perusal of some of Isaac Pening-
ton's writings, the subjoined remarks respect-
ing those who were commissioned to go forth
as heralds of the gospel in the youthful days
of the Society, and the spiritual state of those
among whom they preached, has seemed in-
teresting.
"3rd. The precious breaking forth of the
Lord, in some hidden vessels whom he had
kept waiting upon him, and whom he had
preserved fresh in the sense of him ; to whom
his appearance was very glorious, to whom
he opened the state of the earth, and the state
of his people, giving them the everlasting gos-
pel to preach to the inhabitants of the earth,
and promising them that his Spirit and power
should go along with them, bidding them to
go forth to till and dress the earth, and to
gather his people into his fold. And who can
utter what the glory of this light was in its
shining and breaking forth in their hearts !
How welcome to their weary souls, how plea-
sant to the eye of their spirits, how demon-
strative and satisfactory to their hearts ! Oh
the joy of that day (surely it can never be
forgotten by them), wherein thej- sensibly felt
the pouring down of the Spirit of life upon
them, and their hearts gathered into the bo-
som of eternal rest, and their souls and bodies
sanctified, and set apart for the Lord, and his
service.
4th. The contemptible means God put into
their hands to work this work by; which was
not by preaching any new thing, but by di-
recting to a principle which God had already
hid in the earth of every man's heart, and
which was to be known by its divine nature
and light, turning against and reproving sin ;
testifying that this was the way the Lord of
heaven and earth had chosen, to bring his
sons and daughters into the power and glory
of his life. Oh ! what heart can receive this,
what eye can see any beauty in this, but that
which the Lord toucheth and openeth ! I
testify (in the sense of life) that the wisdom
of man, yea, the wisdom of Israel corrupted,
cannot but despise and turn from this. Is not
this the lowest of all dispensations? Is not
this common to all mankind ? Doth not this
fall short of the dispensation of the law of
Jloses to the .Tews, much more of the dispen-
sation by Christ and his apostles? Who
would have looked for the Lord here? And
yet this hath the Lord chosen to gather his
people by, and to appear to the world in ;
and hath gathered the life, virtue and sub-
stance of all former dispensations into it, as
those who are gathered thereby, and have
waited upon him therein, and felt the nature
and power of his life, (and seen things past,
present and to come,) are bearing witness of,
against all the gainsayings, thoughts, and
reasonings of f esh and blood.
5th. The contemptibleness of the vessels
which the Lord chose to fill with this trea-
sure, and to let forth this dispensation of his
life through. They were for the most part
mean as to the outward ; country youths of no
deep understanding, or ready expression, but
very fit to be despised every where by the
wisdom of man, and only to be owned in the
power of that life wherein they came forth.
How ridiculous was their manner of coming
forth and appearance to the eye of man!
About what poor, trivial circumstances, hab-
its, gestures, and things did they seem to lay
great weight, and make great matters of mo-
ment ! How far did they seem from being
acquainted with the mysteries and depths of
religion I But their chief preaching was re-
pentance, and about a light within, and of
turning to that, and proclaiming the great
and terrible day of the Lord to be at hand ;
wherein, I confess, my heart exceedingly de-
spised them, and cannot wonder that any wise
man or sort of professors did or do yet despise
them. Yea, they themselves were very sensi-
ble of their own weakness and unfitness for
that great work and service wherewith the
Lord had honored them, and of their inability
to reason with man ; and so (in the fear and
in the watch of their spirits) kept close to their
testimonj^j'and to the movings of his power,
not mastering to answer or satisfy the reason-
ing part of man, but singly' minding the reach-
ing to, and raising of, that to which their
testimony was.
6th. The blessing that God gave to this,
his dispensation of life in their hands. Oh.
how did the Lord prosper them in gather-
ing his scattered, wandering sheep into his
fold of rest ! How did their words drop
down like dew, and refresh the hungry, thirs-
ty souls! How did they reach to the life in
those to whom thej^ ministered; raising uj)
that which lay dead in the grave, to give a
living testimony to the living voice of God in
them ! How did they batter the wisdom
and reasonings of man, making the loftiness
thereof stoop and bow to the weak and fool-
ish babe of the begettings of life ! Eye hath
not seen, ear hath not heard, nor hath it en-
tered into the heart of man to conceive what
thepower of life hath wrought through them,
in the hearts and consciences of those who
have longed after and waited for the Lord.
Oh. the breathings and meltings of soul, the
sense of the living presence of God, the sub-
jecting of the heart unto the Lord, the
THE FRIEND.
awakening of and giving strength unto his
•witne3S, the falling down and awakening of
the powers of darkness, the clear shining of
the light of life in the heart, and the sweet
running of lAie pure streams thereof into the
enlivened souls, which hath often been known
and sealed to from the powerful appearance
of God in their ministry.
Indeed, when I have considered these and
such like things in my heart, and narrowly
marked them in my converse with them, I
have been often forced to cry out concerning
them, Truly here is man very weak and con-
temptible ; but God very glorious and power-
ful. And, indeed, when at any time I looked
on the man, I was hardlj' able to forbear
disdaining them ; but, on the other hand,
when the eye of mj- spirit beheld the power
and glory of the Lord in them, I could hardl}-
forbear over-esteeming and exalting them."
Selected.
THERE IS NONE LIKE UNTO THEE.
In the dark winter of atHiction's hour.
When Slimmer friends and pleasures haste away.
And the wreck'd heart perceives how frail each power
It made a refuge, and believed a stay.
When man all wild and weak is seen to be, —
There's none like thee, O Lord ! there's none like thee !
When the world's sorrow — working only death,
And the world's comfort — caustic to the wound.
Make the wrung spirit loathe life's daily breath.
As jarring music from a harp untuned ;
While yet it dare not from the discord flee, — ■
There's none like thee, O Lord ! there's none like thee !
"When the toss'd mind surveys its hidden world,
And feels in every faculty a foe,
United but in strife, waves urged and hurled
By passion and by conscience, winds of woe,
Till the whole being is a storm-swept sea, —
There's none like thee, O Lord ! there's none like thee !
Thou in adversity canst be a sun;
Thou art a healing balm, a sheltering tower.
The peace, the truth, the life, the love of One,
Nor wound, nor grief, nor storm can overpower :
Gifts of a king, gifts frequent and yet free :
There's none like thee, O Lord, none, none like thee !
Maria Jam Jewsbwy.
Selected.
I WONDER WHY.
I wonder why this world's good things
Should fall in such unequal shares ;
Why some should taste of all the joys,
And others only feel the cares !
I wonder why the sunshine bright
Should fall in paths some people tread,
While others shiver in the shade
Of clouds that gather overhead !
I wonder why the trees that hang
So full of luscious fruit should grow
Only where some may reach and eat.
While others faint and thirsty go!
W^hy should sweet flowers bloom for some,
For others only thorns be found?
And some grow rich on fruitful earth,
While others till but barren ground ?
I wonder why the hearts of some
O'erflow with joy and happiness.
While others go their lonely way
Unblessed with aught of tenderness I
I wonder why the eyes of some
Should ne'er be moistened with a tear,
While others weep from morn till night,
Their hearts so crushed with sorrow here :
Ah ! well ; we may not know indeed
The whys, the wherefores of each life !
But this we know — there's One who sees
And watches us tlirough joy or strife.
Each life its mission here fultils.
And only He may know the end.
And loving Him, we may be strong,
Tho' storm or sunshine He may send.
Review of tlie Weather for SevciUli month, 187 i.
The weather during the past month, with few exceptions, has been remarkably fine.
The range of the thermometer, was from 63° on the 22d, to 90° on the third. The average
temperature was 74 S°. The relative humidity was 7S.C. The mean height of the Earometer
was 211. Go inches. Kain fell to the depth of 7.47 inches. T.
Westtown, Eighth mo. 11th, 1873.
id
X
o
Thermometer.
Htqrometer.
Barometer.
□
2
0
■a
Wixn.
s
a
s
£
B
a
a
K
a
S
a
■A
ClRCOMST.lNCES OF WEATHER.
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p^
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a.
p
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t-
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t-
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s
t-
w
t-
S
0
1
67
80
78
75
100
58
71'
79
29.36
29.47
29.54
29.45J.^
.38 «\-^t all (lay.
Cloudy, Fair. Clear.
2
71
86
80
79
97
67
62
75^:;
29.68
29.72
29.69
20,69l,<-,
W., 8.E., S.W.
Clear. Kair, Fair.
3
76
90
82
82!^
85
48
77
70
29.68
29.64
39.62
29.64^:-;
S , S.W.. S.W.
Clear all liav.
4
75
SI
75
77
84
67
S4
Ts;<i
29 60
29.08
29.64
29.60%
.15
S.W., S.E., S.
Cloudy, Cloudy, Fair.
6
73
89
79
?1
6sff
90
42
67
eoj-i
29.69
29.47
29.46
29.501,1
S., W., w.
Cloudy. Fair, Clear.
6
70
76
68
67
43
61
ssf:;
29.68
29.64
29.62
29.645<
S., S.W.. S.W
Clear all day.
7
64
74
68
86
46
61
Ti4
29.62
29.54
29.58
29.68 •'
N., N.W., JN.W.
8
64
74
67
68I4
S4
62
84
29.6S
29.54
29.68
29.60
K., S.. S.
Cloudy all day.
9
67
76
72
71^
84
58
79
73%
29.60
29.58
29.6S
29.58= <
w.. w.. s.
Fair all day.
10
64
84
72
73Va
87
67
73
76%
29.61
29 60
29.57
29.591:-
South nil day.
Clear. Fair. Fair.
11
61
76
72
TOK
100
90
96
96
29.57
29.58
29.73
29.62T':-,
.24 N.W., \V., W.
Cloudy, Fair, Clear.
12
65
77
76
7oi
73
42
42
62! <;
29.79
29 79
29.69
29.76%
W., S. K., S.
(Mear, Fair, Fair.
13
68
SO
70
78
61
67
62
29.89
29.88
29.83
29.86 J.:'.
South all day.
Fair. Fair, Clear.
U
70
88
73
77 "
87
48
100
78! r.
29 81
29.75
29.66
29.7.3^
.41
West all day.
Clear. Fair, Clear.
15
74
81
79
78
76
63
67
68; 3
29 62
29.62
29.58
29.60K
Clear, Cloudy. Clear.
16
73
S4
72
76K
71
44
66
60>!;
29.66
29.63
29.60
29.62^'^
N.. S.W., S.
Fair, Fair, Clear.
17
76
80
80
^»7i
82
82
79
m4
29.54
29.50
29.42
29.49!.'^
.64 w:, S.W.. S.W.
" '*
IS
77
74
71
74
71
90
90
83%
29.43
29.46
29.46
29.441^
.62 W., K., ^K.
F'air. Cloudy. Cloudy.
19
65
76
70
7"!4
100
64
98
84
29.51
29.50
29.50
29.50U
.6S1N.. W., W.
Cloudy, Cloudy, Fair.
20
64
75
65
68
65
62
54
60i<
29.62
29.61
29.58
29.601...
29.6J-;^
.\.\V., S W.
Clear all day.
21
61
64
67
64
73
54
73
6f';^
29.62
29.02
29.67
West all day.
Clear, Fair, Clear.
22
63
80
74
Til4
87
47
46
60
29.81
29.81
29.80
29.80K
Clear all day.
23
66
86
80
77 't
84
4S
64
r.2
29.82
29.78
29.75
29.78I3
"
24
71
86
79
7S5i
87
63
77
75?:^
29.77
29.65
29.60
29.64
tt
Clear, Fair, Clear.
25
73
88
83
81!-
81
45
63
63
29.62
29.,i8
29.56
29.5SK
S.W., s., s.
26
76
89
71
"S?:!
76
43
74
M'A
29.62
29.62
29.65
2'iM
2.15JS., W.. S.W.
Clear, Clear, Fair.
27
71
79
73
''■t'-i
100
96
75
90
29.72
29.70
29.72
29.7114
1.9S|b., S.W., S.W.
Cloudy all day.
28
70
79
72
73%
100
71
98
89%
29.73
29.71
20.65
29.69%
.22 SW., S., S.W.
29
74
84
76
78
84
72
85
7'^%
29.64
29.60
29.67
29.60i;3
S., S., W.
Cloudy. Fair, Fair.
30
73
83
75
77
90
55
79
7"*%
29.63
29.66
29.67
29.66
In.W. all day.
Clear, Fair, Clear.
31
73
83
79
73K
79
55
67
67
29,70
29.72
29.68
29.70
N.E., S.B., S.E.
Clear, Clear. Fair.
For "The Friend"
John Ueald.
(Continued from page 410, vol. xWi.)'
4th mo. 2d, 1815. At Cowneck, many at-
tended besides Friends. After sitting for a
considerable time under a weight of exercise,
J. H. arose and said : " I shall acknowledge that
I believe that acceptable prayer is and may
be performed in silence, and also vocally; but
I believe it is much the oftenest in silence
that some breathed a desire, a prayer as in
the closet, and even as it were for every breath
they breathed for a considerable time, they
breathed forth a prayer for preservation, and
for what they stood in need of; thus watching
and praying lest they should enter into temp-
tation ; that the first baginningsof good began
with a desire for it ; and as we avoid evil and
choose good we are preserved from the evil ;
that it was a mercy to be thus armed with
watchfulness and prayer for our defence.
9th. Purchase Meeting was large, and I
was engaged to enforce the use of gospel min-
istry. (Treatabilities may be widely extended,
and the minds of the people weightily im-
pressed, but if it only serves to gratify a
natural inclination, if they only admire the
display, but do not attend thereto to their
own profit [it will be of little use], it being
designed to stir up people to do their own
work, not to do it for them."
Under date of 15th he writes: '-"We are now
in the State of Rhode Island. I have for some
time past felt my mind depressed and dis-
couraged. 16lh. Being First-day, we attend-
ed Foster Meeting. The number of Friends
being small, the meeting was mostly made up
of gay people. After t sat down in that as-
sembly, the depression was much lessened,
and after a considerable time of silence, I said,
Seek the Lord while He may be found, and
call upon Him while He is near. In the
course of the communication I recommended
living faith, trust and confidence in God, not
faith without works, nor works without faith,
they being alike dead.
nth. We were at Cranston Meeting. Thi.s,
like the last, was made up considerably of
other people, but not bo gay. I engaged in
ministering to them, and for some time felt
but little guided, but after several statements
the power of truth prevailed, and it became a
very solemn time; and tho humble, sincere
travailers were encouragetl, and the careless
warned that danger awaited them.
18th. At a meeting called Cumberland.
This, as well as the other meetings we have
attended, was as much or more made up of
such as are not members. A weighty exer-
cise accompanied my mind ; and way opening,
I was engaged in lengthy communications to
several states ; that though most desired to
be saved, yet too generally there is too littlo
attention given [to religion] ; and even among
such as do give some attention to it, there is
often too much forgetfulness, and neglect.
Sometime after I sat down, apprehending
myself clear, I moved for the meeting to con-
clude ; but the people sat almost motionless,
and after I had put on my coat, I walked
quietly down the jiassage, and went out first,
and the people followed in a solemn manner.
20th. At Providence, I was under a great
weight of exercise, as I travelled on the way,
but it declined considerably before I came to
the meeting. After we had sat awhile, I be-
gan with saying ; we shall find clearly enough
that not the hearers of tho law but the doers
of the law are justified before God. "We are
the descendants or successors of a people that
lived in the possession and practice of what
they and we profess ; and if we profess and do
not possess, shall we be justified, or are we not
in danger of being cast off? After speaking
awhile in a pretty close way, I spokea few-
words by way of encouragement to the sincere
ones, and I felt released irom heavy exercise,
with a short communication.
2l8t. At an appointed meeting at Scituate,
6
THE FRIEND.
The members are few. Many of their neigh-
bors came in and sat quietly. I began the
testimony with saying ; what good thing must
I do to inherit eternal life? 1 believe many
at the present daj' are desiring something like
this; but "not everj^ one that sayeth unto
me, Lord, Lord, shall enter into the kingdom
of heaven, but thej- that do the will of my
father, who is in heaven." I was largely
opened and the humble ones were encouraged.
When the motion was made to conclude the
meeting, they sat still and quiet, and passed
out slowly at first. On a review of what I
delivered, I do not find that I made any wrong
statement in a long testimony, and I am easj'.
26th. TVe attended an appointed meeting
at Hopkinton. I was much enlarged in tes-
timony, being nearly an hour and a half en-
gaged in showing the necessity of preparing
for a dying hour, and the danger of delaying
to pi'epare; and I believe some were convinced.
There was a Baptist preacher at this meeting,
and he put himself in my way, as I passed
along, and spoke to me in a very friendly
manner, saying, I wish youto be encouraged,
you have preached the truth to-day. Several
others very solidly wished me success. Just
before the meeting ended I desired the people
to give the praise to the Author of all good,
that man should have none of the honor, which
is alone due to the Giver of every good and
perfect gift."
The meeting next day at South Kingston was
" exercising, because of so strong a desire in
the minds of the people to hear words to gra-
tify their carnal minds or desires. I sat long
before I felt the way open to speak, and ex-
pected to say but little then, but keeping to
the opening I was enlarged, and solemnitj-
ensued, until the minds of many were hum-
bled, and it ended comfortably; blessed be the
Giver of every good and perfect gift. We
dined at Wm. Peckham's, then went to Lower
South Kingston. There were a variety of
people, and it was a very trying meeting. I
labored long, under much depression, and
truth was borne down in the minds of the
people, and did not come into dominion to
reign triumphantly. Afterwards, I felt much
tried and was fearful I had missed my way ;
but centering down to the witness, I felt that
I had endeavored to keep my place and do my
duty, and I ielt easy ; but still my mind was
low. It may be for some good purpose to
myself I hope the good hand will not de-
part from me. I wish I may be humble
enough; and may the Divine will be done."
On the 29th, at a meeting on the island of
Conanicut, J. H. said : '"To what shall I liken
the men of this generation. It is like children.
Bitting in the market place, calling to their
fellows, saying wo have piped to you, and
ye have not danced, wo have mourned to
you, and you have not lamented.' Thus the
important concern is treated in a trifling
manner, like children's diversion instead ol'
giving a due attention to it."
Of the Quarterly Meeting held at Green-
■wich, Fifth mon. 4th, J. H. says : " I delivered
a short testimony pointing to some of the
beauties and excellencies that would be pro-
duced by a devoted attention to known duty ;
which I endeavored to illustrate by a recital
of part of what the (iueen of Shcba saw in the
■waiting of the ministers and attendants of
Solomon, each moving in time and order, not
going too soon, nor unnecessarily delaying.
At Accoakset, on the 9th, counsel flowed
clearly and freely to the people. I stated
that if we became qualified to worship accept-
ably, we could hardly obtain a more suitable
[state of mind] than when our own willings,
cravings and desires wore brought into such
a state of subjection that we could say; not
my will but thine be done, O God. At a cer-
tain time, when the Divine Master was per-
sonally on earth, and when he was informed
that 'he whom thou lovest is sick,' they thought
there was need of something being done ; but
he abode several daj's still in the same place.
He knew what would be to the glory of God.
The meeting held long, and when a motion
was made to break it up, the ])oople sat still
for some time and seemed unwilling to sepa-
rate. There was something solemn attending,
and we parted lovingly, and my mind rejoiced
in the favor received, and humbly blessed the
Givei'.
10th. Attended Centre Meeting. I was
soon loaded with exercise, and stood up with
a good degree of clearness, but I found much
embarrassment, yet I did not feel clear to sit
down. Sometimes I seemed to gain strength ;
then again I seemed to be tried with a sense
of weakness, and so I labored long, and when
I felt released I was easy though depressed.
If no profit arises from it, I have desired to
be content, and to leave all to the Lord.
Though I suffer, it is likely the true seed lay
under suffering too.
12th. We had a very precious meeting.
Many not of our Society attended. I began
with. Be ye also ready, for ye know neither
the day nor hour in which the Son of Man
Cometh. I have cause to marvel at the extent
of the labor into which I have been led. I
have been enlarged this day, and the minds
of the people were solemnized, and many
reached and tendered. I hope they, or many
of them will be induced to faithfulness, and
therebj- be profited themselves, and become a
blessing to others. We went home with
James Tucker and wife Sarah to dine, and
went this evening to New Bedford to lodsce."
THE FRIEND.
EIGHTH MONTH 23, 1873.
We believe it is Dr. Johnson who says,
"Wealth heaped on wealth, nor truth nor safety buys,
The danger.'! gather, as the treasures rise."
Such has been the deteriorating effects of the
fall on man's moral nature, that the truth con-
tained in these lines has been exemplified in
all time, and almost all states of Society. The
lust for wealth grows stronger with its grati-
fication, and the temptations to evil attendant
upon it, increase and acquire more force as the
means for indulgence multiply. Solomon has
left it upon record that " He that loveth silver
shall not be satisfied with silver, nor he that
loveth abundance, with increase : this is also
vanity." It does not require a very deep in-
spection of society to be convinced that, in
this respect, there is but little improvement
manifested in this day, and that the further
declaration of the same wise king is yet true,
" There is a sore evil which I have seen under
the sun, namely, riches kept for the owners
thereof to their hurt."
If we believe the many precepts and com-
mands relating to this subject, recorded in
Holy Scripture, we can hardly escape the con-
clusion that, coming from Him who knoweth
what is in man, they imply duties which can-
not be properly performed while the love of
gold is harbored in our hearts, or the time
that is meeted out to us, and the abilities con-
ferred upon us, are mainly devoted to the ac-
cumulation of riches. The whole scope and
spirit of the religion of Christ are manifestly
opposed to the "laying up or loving the trea-
sures of earth, and its divine transforming
power, in operating on the heart, is so directed
as to extirpate the natural propensity to
covetousness, and where riches are already
possessed, to wean the affections from them,
and establish the conviction that they are held
only in trust. The command "Lay not up
for yourselves treasures upon earth," is con-
sonant with the liability of the human mind
to become engrossed with the objects primarily
desired, and that unless the heart is thorough-
ly changed from a state of nature to a state
of grace, we are continually in danger of being
absorbed in pursuit of the means to gratify
our carnal appetites, and to forget the supreme
design of our creation ; thus evidencing the
truth of the solemn declaration, " Where your
treasure is there will your hearts be also."
The early Friends, coming forth as wit-
nesses for the strictness and supreme authorit}'
of pure Christianity, found themselves obliged,
in order to live in accordance with the prin-
ciples they professed, to turn their backs upon
much which the world esteemed allowable or
commendable ; to give up many of the trades
thought to be lawful, and many of the modes ■
commonly resorted to to attract or increase |
business, and to be willing to live in great sim-
plicity and moderation, rather than to devote
their time and their talents to the acquisition
of money. As self-denying followers of Him
who had not where to lay his head, they bore
testimony against not only the manners and
maxims of the world, but also against striv-
ing to heap up its treasures or secure its
honors. They were a plain, humble, and un-
pretending people, keeping the work of their
soul's salvation, and the honor of their Divine
Master uppermost in their every-day life; and
as Wm. Penn testifies, though "they went
forth weeping, and sowed in tears, bearin_
testimony to the precious Seed, the seed of
the kingdom, which stands not in words,-
the finest and the highest that man's wit can
use, but in power, the power of Christ Jesus,"
so He employed them to turn many, by their
ministry, "from darkness to the Light, and
out of the broad into the narrow way ; bring-
ing people to a weighty, serious and godly con-
versation ; Ihe practice of that doctrine which
they taught."
But the members of our religious Society;
have partaken largely, in common with others,
of the bounties of divine Providence. Thrift
and economy have combined to increase riches,
which in many instances have been transmit-
ted from father to son, and by this means, as
well as by successful trade, much wealth has
been lodged in the hands of those who retain
the government of themselves and their pos-
sessions on their own shoulders ; and thus, as
riches have increased among us, we too have
learned to indulge improperly in the luxury
of the age, and the abounding pride of life.
The inevitable result among such members,
as among others, has been, to illustrate the
declaration of our Saviour, " Ye cannot servo
God and mammon." How many who have dis-
regarded the advice of the prophet, " Seekest '
THE FRIEND.
thou great things for thyself; seek them not,"
have lost that simplicity and lowl3--mindedne8s
which characterized the primitive Friends,
and with them that Divine unction and power
which are indispensable to preach the gospel
of Christ and spread his kingdom in the earth.
Clarkson observes: "There is no greater
calamity than leaving children an affluent in-
dependence. The worst examples in the
Society of Friends, are generally among the
children of the rich." There is nothing in-
trinsically bad in riches, and where the pos-
sessor is redeemed from the spirit of the world
and lives under the government of Divine
Grace, he may make unto himself friends of
the mammon of unrighteousness, acting as a
good steward of the manifold gifts bestowed.
But there are few having wealth at command
who in the application of it seem to feel the
necessity, or are willing, to have their wants
and indulgences circumscribed by the limita-
tions of Truth, and to use what is not requi-
site for the comfortable accommodation of
themselves and ftimilies, for promoting the
cause of social and religious improvement, or
administering to the welfare of their poorer
fellow creatures: hence the frequent applica-
bility of that startling declaration of Christ,
"Verily I say unto j'ou, that a rich man shall
hardly enter into the kingdom of Heaven."
If then these things are truths which cannot
be controverted, if "The care of this world and
the deceitfulness of riches choke the word,"
it is not only the part of wisdom but also a
duty imperative upon us, to guard with vigi-
lant solicitude against having our attention
engrossed with and our time devoted to the
acquisition of that which is so likely to obstruct
our advancement in the strait and narrow way
that alone leadelh to life, and thus endanger
our final attainment of the joys of heaven.
Many instances might be cited of servants
and handmaids, who have proved the value
of the injunction, and the truth of the pro-
mise, " Seek ye first the kingdom of God and
his righteousness, and all these things [food
and raiment] shall be added unto you;" and
it is these who are the most devoted and effi-
cient laborers in the militant church. Con-
tinued observation will also show, that those
who contribute most freely to objects of be-
nevolence, and to the moral and intellectual
improvement of mankind, are generally in
what is termed "moderate circumstances;"
and it is they who are most active in carry-
ing on the institutions which adorn christian
communities, while they afford the worthiest
iexamples of intellectual culture and religious
activity. Well may we then strive to be able to
adopt, in sincerity and humility, the prayer of
Agur : " Eemove far from me vanities and
lies ; give me neither poverty nor riches ; feed
me with food convenient for me ; lest I be
full and deny thee, and say, who is the Lord ?
or lest I be poor and steal, and take the name
of my God in vain."
The entrance on the forty-seventh volume
of "The Friend," forcibly impresses us with
the rapidity with which years pass away, and
that our Journal now speaks to a generation
far advanced in the journey of life, which had
not entered on its scenes of trial or enjoyment
when it first addressed the members of our
religious Society. The changes that have
taken place in the men and in the condition
of the Society, since that day, we need not
tere refer to, further than to say that our
hearts are clothed with sorrow as we look
back and recall the losses that have been sus-
tained in lioth, and the ground given to fear
there is little probability of these being ade-
quatelj- made up in the near future. But the
principles of truth, and the distinetion between
right and wrong remain unchanged, and as
the advocacy of the one, and the exposure of
the other, together with the introduction into
the families of our readers of interesting and
instructive literature, were the objects had in
view when "The Friend" first solicited the
patronage of members and others, so they
continue to be our sole aim in incurring the
labor and expense of conducting our weeklj-
sheet. We are encouraged in our course by
the increased approbation of it expressed by
a more extended subscription list, and the
assurances of unity and sympathj- given us hy
Friends in different parts of the Society. We
invite the co-operation of all who are willing
to lend a helping hand to maintain and spread
the doctrines and testimonies of the gospel as
held by Friends, and will be glad to receive
contributions from any willing to comply with
our regulations.
Our subscribers are reminded, that the
terras of subscription vary according to the
time of paj-ment. Those who wish to re-
ceive the volume for two dollars are expected
to pay within the time of issuing the first six
numbers, unless they are new subscribers.
iow.\.
Joseph Hall, Springdale, Cedar Co.
Nathan Warrington, Coal Creek, Keokuk Co.
Richard Mott, Viola, Linn Co.
C.RKAT BRIT.VI.V.
Joseph Armfiold, No. 1 South Place, Finsbury
Pavement.
LONDON.
Richard Hall, Waverton Wigton, Cumber-
land, England.
LIST OF AGENTS.
We append herewith a list of Agents to
whom applications may be made, and who
are authorized to receive payment for "The
Friend."
PENNSYLVANIA.
Benjamin W. Passmore, Concordville, Dela-
aware County.
Joseph Scattergood, Jr., (in place of Wm. P.
Townsend), West Chester.
Thomas Conard, West Grove, Chester Co.
George Sharpless (in place of Joshua B. Pu-
sey), London Grove, Chester County.
Benjamin Gilbert (in place of George Gilbert),
Yohoghany, Westmoreland County.
Reuben Battin, Shunk P. O., Sullivan Co.
NEW JERSEY.
Charles Stokes, Medford, Burlington Co.
Joel Wilson, Eahway.
William Carpenter, Salem.
NEW YORK.
Henry Knowles, Smyrna, Chenango Co.
Alfred King, Ledyard, Cayuga Co.
Joshua Haight, Somerset, Niagara Co.
John A. Potter, Perry City, Schuyler Co
MASSACHUSETTS.
William B. Oliver, Lynn.
OHIO.
Micajah M. Morlan, Salem, Columbiana Co.
Daniel Williams, Flushing, Belmont Co.
Asa Garretson, Baruesville, Belmont Co.
Benjamin D. Stralton, Winona, Columbiana
County.
James W. McGrew, Smithfield, Jefferson Co.
James R. Kite, Pennsville, Morgan Co.
Dr. Isaac Huestis, Chester Hill, Morgan Co.
Parker Hall, Harrisville, Harrison Co.
Jehu L. Kite, Damascoville.
Edward Stratton, East Carmel, Columbiana
County.
John M. Smith, Smyrna, Harrison Co.
Stephen Hobson, Bartlett, Washington Co.
INDIAN.\.
John Bell, Richmond, Wayne Co.
James Woody, Thorntown, Boone Co.
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
Foreign. — The C'arlists appear to be still making
progre.ss in the North of Spain. According to a liay-
onne dispatch, the town of Berga has been captured by
them. S'ergara, twenty miles from Tolosa, has also
been taken by them.
Tlie British steamer Deerhound, on the 13lh inst.,
landed .at Fontarabia a party of Carlists with 2000 rifles
and aqiiantity of ammunition. The Deerhound was sub-
seriuently captured by a .'Spanish man-of-war, and towed
into the harbor of San Sebastian.
The Cartitgcna insurgents seem to be preparing for a
long struggle. The streets are almost deserted and the
shops closed. All males above si.xteen years of age have
been enrolled. The insurgents are issuing pajJer money,
and they have released and armed 1800 convicts.
A Vienna dispatch says, a squ.adron of Austrian war
vessels has been ordered to the coast of Spain.
.\ Cartagena dispatch of the 16th says, that city is
besieged by an army of six thousand soldiers, with two
batteries and twelve mortars. The .Spanish frigates
which were seized by the insurgents, are lying in this
port guarded by the British fleet.
A Madrid dispatch of the ISth denies the reported
capture of Berga by the Carlists. They attacked the
place but were repulsed.
The Cartagena insurgents have ordered all non-com-
batants and the women and children to leave the city
during the impending struggle.
It is stated that the Count de Chambord, the repre-
sentative of the elder branch of the Bourbons, has an-
nounced his resolution to accept a Constitution for
France, prepared by the members of the Right of the
as,sembly and himself. He propo.ses to come to France
and take up his residence there in a short time.
The town hall, Leeds, England, has been destroyed
by tire.
Upon the declination of the oSice of Master of the
Rolls by Sir .John Duke Coleridge, it was oflered toSir
George'jessel, who has concluded to accept the position.
The weather recently throughout England has been
wet, and unfavorable to the growing crops. It also
continues very warm.
Many coal-pits in Leicestershire have been closed,
several thousand dissatisfied miners having struck.
Several failures in the Liverpool cotton trade were
announced on the IGth inst.
London, Sth mo. 18th.— U. S. sixes, 186-5, 9-5; new
fives, 9U.
Liverpool. — Uplands cotton, Sjf/. ; Orleans, 9Jd Cal-
ifornia white wheat, lis. M. a li-.8rf. per 100 lbs. Red
winter wheat, 12s. ?,d.; Spring wheat, lU. id. a 12s.
Dispatches from various places in Germany, where
the cholera prevails, state that the disease is increasing
in virulence.
A treaty of peace between Paraguay, Brazil and the
Argentine Republic has been signed.
Christianople, a maratime town of Surden, has been
entirely destroyed by tire.
The Shah of Persia sailed from Brindlse on the loth
inst. for Constantinople.
A Gastein dispatch of the 16th, says : The Emperor
Williamof Germany, who is now sojourning here, gave
an audience yesterday to Dr. Schofi; bearer to the Em-
peror of the cordial greetings of the New York General
Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church. In his
remarks in reply, the Emperor dwelt upon the neces-
sity of Christians working together, in order to combat
infidelity and superstition.
A Vienna dispatch says, that in the machinery de-
partment of the Exhibition, the United States exhibi-
tors have received a large portion of the diplomas of
honor, medals, and certiticates of excellence.
The fiscal year of the Canadian government closed
the 30th of Sixth month last, and the total revenue for
the year was found to be $20,139,-578 ; of which almost
twelve and three-quarter millions were from customs,
four and a half millions from internal revenue duties,
8
THE FRIEND.
and one and a quarter millions from the public works.
The expenditures of the year are not given.
The Cuban insurgents have shown more activity re-
cently. On the 12th inst. they attacked a force of Span-
ish cavalry near Puerto Principe, killed thirty-one_of
the soldiers and captured nineteen horses. On the 17th
they made an attack on the village of Yegreas, but were
repulsed after a sharp engagement.
A dispatch of the ISth to the New York Herald states,
that the French government has taken the initiatory
step toward recognizing the Carlists as belligerents,
having issued orders permitting the transit of arms and
munitions of war, between the two custom-house lines
in the south of France.
The French government has suppressed or forbidden
the sale of twenty Republican papers in the provinces.
The leaders of the Left intend to publish a protest
against these suppressions.
A Lima (Peru) letter states, the commission which
explored the Isthmus for a canal route, returned and
reported the route they explored impracticable; but
favored that surveyed by Americans, under Capt. Sel-
fridge. A party of American engineers raised the U.
States flag on the highest peak of the Andes, on the -1th
of Seventh month, in snow knee deep.
United States. — Miscellaneous. — The interments in
Philadelpliia last week numbered 36(1, including 191
children under two years. There were 60 deatlis of
cholera infantum, 29 consumption, 19 debility, 40 ma-
rasmus, 14 inflammation of the brain, and 13 old age.
During a nort'i-east storm which prevailed over a
large area of country on the 13th and 14tb instants, an
unusual amount of rain fell in this city ami vicinity,
ranging from seven to eight inches, according to locality.
The burning of the steamer Wawasset, on the Poto-
mac, was attended with much greater loss of life than
was at first reported. It is now known tluit at least 72
and probably 80 persons perished in the flames or by
drowning.
The total debt of the State of Vermont is only Sl95,-
649, while the treasury contains a much larger sum.
The returns of the Agricultural Department up to
the first instant, indicate an improvement in the con-
dition and promise of the cotton crop since the first of
Seventh month. The crop is, however, still considered
below average in condition.
The assessed valuation of the real estate of New York
city for the present vear is $836,693,380, and of the per-
sonal estate, $292,447,643. This is an increa,se com-
pared with last year's valuation, of §39,544,715 in real
estate, and a decrease of $14,471,779 in per.sonal.
On the 16th inst. a collision occurred on the Chicago
and Alton Railroad, about 20 miles from Chicago, by
which eleven men were killed and thirty-seven scalded
or wounded. Many of the wounded were so badly
burned that it was thought they would die. Seven
others died befo'-e the 18th inst.
The United States .Secretary of the Treasury has
called in for redemption fifteen millions of dollars of
matured five-twenty gold bonds. This reduction of the
national debt is probably to be made with the proceeds
of the Alabama indemnity.
There were 3683 immigrants landed in New York
last week.
The deaths in New York for the week ending on the
16th inst. numbered 688.
The foreign imports of last week are valued at $6,-
970,442.
A Chicago paper states, that from five to seven refri-
gerator cars, loaded with western butter are shipped
east every day from that point. Much of this is taken
by New York and Boston dealer.s. The freight charges
from Chicago to New York are $1.25 per hundred
pounds, and to Boston, $1.35.
The Markets^, &c. — The following were the quotations
on the 18th inst. New York. — American gold, 115(5.
U. S. sixes, 1881, 1W\ ; ditto, 1867, 119', ; ditto, 10-40
5 per cents, 115J; new fives, 114i. Superfine flour,
$5.15 a $5.50 ; State extra, $6.40 a $6.70; finer brands,
*7 a $10. White Michigan wheat, §1 78 ; red western,
$1.55 a $1.(50; No. 2 Chicago spring, $1.51 a$1..52; No.
3 do., $1.44 a $1.47. Oats, 41 a 52 cts. Western white
corn, 74 a 76 cts. ; yellow, 61 a 62 cts. Carolina rice, 8
a 9 cts. Philadelphia. — Middling uplands and New
Orleans cotton, l!):j a 201 ets. Timothy seed .$.'!. .'jO.
Flaxseed, $2 a $2.05. Superfine flour, $3.50 a $4.25 ;
finer brands, $4.50 a $10. White wheat, $1.65 a $1.85;
prime red, $1.65. Rye, 80 a 85 cts. Yellow corn, 00
a 61 cts.; white, 69 a 70 cts. Oats, 39 a 47 cts. Sales
of about 3800 beef cattle at the Avenue Drove-yard.
Choice and extra at 6} a 7', cts. per lb. gross; fair to
good, 5J a 6 cts., and common, 4 a 5 cts. Sheep sold at
5 a 6 cts. per lb. gross. K-ceipts 14,000 head. Hogs,
$7.50 per 100 lb. net for corn fed. Receipts 5,600 head.
awajo.— No. 2 spring wheat, $1.2U a $1.22; No. 3,
$1.15. No. 2 corn, 40 cts. No. 2 oats, 27 a 27J cts.
Rye, 67 cts. Barley, $1.05. Lard, 7J a 8 c.s. Cincin-
nati.—Family flour, $6.40 a $6.60. Wheat, $1.28 a
$1.30. Lard, 8 a 81 cts. Detroit— Extra white wheat,
$1.72 ; No. 1 white wheat, $1.54^ ; amber, $1.41. Corn,
48 cts. Oats, 31 cts. St. iouis.— No. 2 winter red
wheat, $1.45 ; No. 3 fall red, $1.30. No. 2 corn, 37i j
ct.s. No. 2 oats, 29 a 30 cts. Spring barley, 90 cts. ;
winter, $1.10. Baltimore. — Choice wheat, $1.80; fair
to prime do-, .$1.60 a $1.75 ; western red, $1.55 a $1.60.
Yellow corn, 60 cts. ; white, 68 a 70 cts. Oats, 44 a
47 cts.
RECEIPTS.
Received from Charles W. Satterthwait, O., $2, to No.
19, vol. 48; from Henry Knowles, Agent, N. Y., for
Benjamin Bo.ss, Robert Knowles, John .1. Peckham,
John P. Carpenter, and Margaret P. Knowles, $2 each,
vol. 47; from Alfred King, Agent, N. Y., $2, vol. 47,
and for Francis Armistead, Gilbert Weaver, Samuel
Simkin, Abiel Gardner, Susan King, Earl Hallock, and
Mary Ann Simkin, $2 each, vol. 47 ; from Henry R.
Post, L. I., $2, vol. 47 ; from Margaretta T. Webb.'Pa.,
per Mary E. Elliott, $2, vol. 47 ; from William Black-
burn, O., $2, vol. 47, and for Amos Cope, Ether Cad-
walader, Mifflin Cadwalader, Benj,arain Harrison, Levi
Bcilton, Nathan M. Blackburn, .lonathan Blackburn,
Linton Hall, Phebe Ellyson, Samuel Shaw, Daniel
Blackburn, .and Thomas Blackburn, O., $2 each, vol. 47,
and for Francis Bartley, Mich., $2, to No. 22, vol. 48 ;
from Ann Kaighn, N. .J., per Rebecca Kaighn, $2, vol.
47 ; from Morris Cope, Pa., $2, vol. 47 ; from S. H.
Ileadley, Pa., $5, to No. 52, vol. 48 ; from Benjamin Gil-
bert, Agent, Pa., $2, vol. 47, and for .loshua Cope, Isaac
Price, S. M. Brinton, and .James Mears, $2 each, vol.
47 ; from Henry Clark, O., $2, vol. 47; from Charles L.
Willits, N. J., $2, vol. 47 ; from Richard C. Shoemaker,
Pa., $2, vol. 47 ; from James Hilyard, N. J., $2, vol.
47 ; from Annabella Wynne, Ind., per Benjamin Lowry,
$2, vol. 47 ; from Richard Elias Ely, Pa'., $2, vol. 47 ;
from Deborah Woolman, Citv, $2, vol. 47 ; from John
.\. Potter, Agent, N. Y., $2, vol. 47, and for Deborah
Wooden and Freelove Owen, $2 each, vol. 47 ; from
Valentine Meader, Mass., $2, vol. 47, and for Pelatiah
Hu.ssey, Me., $2, vol. 47; from Dr. Joseph Warrington,
N. J., $2, vol. 47 ; from Samuel P. Leeds, N. J., $2,
vol. 47 ; from Seneca Lincoln, Mass., $2, vol. 47 ; from
Catharine AVhitacre, Pa., $2, vol. 47 ; from Elizabeth
M. Cope, Pa., $2, vol. 47 ; from Ruth P. Johnson, Pa.,
$2, vol. 47 ; from Dr. Samuel Whitall, N. Y., $2, vol.
47 ; from Charles Lippincott, N. J., J- 2, vol. 47.
Hemittances received after Fourth-day morning will not
appear in the Receipts until the following iceek.
The receipt is also acknowledged of the following
amounts: from Alfred King and Susan King, N. Y.,
$5 each, for the Freedmen ; from Richard Elias Ely,
Pa., $25, for the Bible Association of Friends.
FRIENDS' SELECT SCHOOLS.
These schools, under the care of the three Monthly il
Meetings of Friends in this city, will re-open on
Second-day, Ninth mo. 1st, 1873. The Boys' School,
on Cherry St., above Eighth St., is under the care of
Zebedee Haines, as Principal. The Girls' School, on
Seventh St., below Race St., is under the care of
Margaret Lightfoot. There are also two Primary
Schools for the instruction of those children who are
too young to attend the higher .schools ; one of which ia
held in the Meeting-house at the corner of Sixth and
Noble streets, the otlier in the Boys' School building
on Cherry street.
The attention of Friends residing in this city and its
neighborhood is particularly invited to these schoo's.
The terms are moderate, and by provisions recently
made for that purpose. Friends belonging to Philadel-
phia Yearly Meeting, sending children to these schools,
(also members) who may find the charges bu;densome,
can be fully relieved. In the principal .schools oppor-
tunities are afforded of obtaining a liberal e< ucation in
useful branches of Study, and in the Latin and Greek
languages. Facilities for illustration are afforded by a
valuable collection of philosophical apparatus, minerals,
and Auzoux's models of parts of the human system, &c.
French is also taught in the Girls' school. In the
primary schools the children are well grounded in
studies of a more elementary character.
It is desirable that applications for admission of
children should be made early, and that pa 'ents re-
turning children to the schools should send them at the
beginning of the term.
Further information may be obtained upon applica-
tion to the Treasurer of the Committee,
James Smedley, No. 415 Market street.
WANTED
A suitable Friend to serve as Matron in Haverford
College. Apply soon to Samuel J. Gummere, Pres't,
Haverford College P. O., Montgomery Co., Pa.
M.\RRIED, at Friends' Meeting-honse, Middleton,
Columbiana Co., Ohio, on the 22d of Fifth month, 1873,
D.\NIEL, youngest son of William and Anne Blackburn,
to Matild.4. E., daughter of Benjamin and Mary Har-
rison, all of the above place.
EVENING SCHOOLS FOR ADULT COLORED
PERSONS.
Teachers are wanted for these schools, to be ojiened
about the first of Tenth month.
Application may he made to
Elton B. Giflbrd, 28 North Third St.
Eph.aim Smith, 1013 Pine St.
James Bromley, 641 P^ranklin St.
Richard J. Allen, 472 North Third St.
FRIENDS' BOARDING SCHOOL FOR INDIAN
CHILDREN, TUNESASSA, NEW YORK.
A Friend and his wife are wanted to take charge of
this Institution, and to manage the farm connected with
it. A teacher of the school will also be wanted at the
commencement of the Fall term.
Appl'ca ion may be made to
Ebenezer Worth, Marshallton, Chester Co., Pa.
Joseph Scattergood, 413 Spruce St., Philada.
Aaron Sliarpless, Street Road P. O., Chester
Co., Pa.
Thomas Wistar, Fox Chase P. O., Philada.
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE.
Near -Frankford, {Twenty-third Ward,) Philadelphia.
Physician and Superintendent — Joshua H. Worth-
INGTON, M. D.
Applications for the Admission of Patients m.ay be
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Board of
Managers.
Died, suddenly, on the evening of the 21st of 7th mo.,
at the residence of her son-in-law, Joseph Penrose,
Ruth Kibby, in the 66th year of her age, a member
of Pennsville Monthly and Particular Meeting of
Friends, Ohio. From some expressions it appears she
thought the time of her departure was near, and al-
though her sickness was short, her friends and relatives
have a well-grounded hope that her end was peace.
The sudden removal of this dear Friend speaks loudly
to survivors to prepare for a like change.
, suddenly, at his residence in Wilmington,
Delaware, on the evening of the 4th of 8th month,
Samuel Hieles, in the 85th year of his age, a beloved
elder of Wilmington Monthly Meeting of Friends. His
memory is precious to tho.se who knew him, and
amongst whom he had walked uprightly and carefully
during a long life. His family and friends feel that
they have much to be thankful for, in the remembrance
of such a life, and especiallj' in the ripening and mel-
lowing of his character in his later years. He had early,
as it is believed, given his heart to the Lord, and been
made sensible of His favor. On the day before he died,
he had a conversation with a friend, in which he seemril
constrained to relate his own experience in a way viry
unlike his usual reticent habit. In this interview he
spoke of some of these early visitations, and in particu-
lar of a spot among the woods at Westtown, to which
he used to retire, " to prostrate himself in the presence
of his Heavenly Father," and where His presence had
been especially manifested to him. And in his later
life, in the .silent meetings of the Society of Friends, he
had the same experience renewed, the sense of the love
of his Heavenly Father so overpowering him at times,
that he was fain to ask that the tide might be stayed.
He spoke of having supplicated that he " might have
that faith, that true [ahh, that only real faith, of which
it is said, 'He that believeth in me shall have eternal
life.' " Such a prayer, ofli^red in humility and child- '
like .simplicity, it is believed was answered. His Last
days were emphatically his best days. The trials
through which he passed were blessed to him ; and al-
though he had lived a long and comparatively blame-
less life, yet none disclaimed more promptly than he, '
any disposition to boast, or to rely upon his own obedi-
ence. " He confessed that he was a poor creature, that
all was of the goo<lness of the Lord." His end was
sudden, and almost painless.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. XLVII.
SEVEXTII-UAY, EIGHTH MONTH 30, 1873.
NO. 2.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
Price Two Dollars per annum, if paid in advance. Two
dollars and fifty cents, if not paid in advance.
SnbacriptiOQS and Payments receiTed by
JOHN S. STOKES,
AT NO. 116 NORTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS,
PHILADELPHIA.
Post.age, when paid quarterly in advance, five cents.
Memorial of Bradford Monthly Meeting, con-
cerning Samuel Cope, a Minister, deceased.
"The memory of the just is blessed;" and
believing that a record of their experiences
and exercises, produced by the operation of
that Divine Power, which made them what
thoj' were, has often proved as a brook by the
way side, to manj- a weary traveller Zionward,
we feel that it may be right to put forth a
short testimony concerning our late beloved
friend, Samuel Cope.
He was the son of Abiah and Jane Cope,
and was born at their residence in East Brad-
ford township, Chester county, Pennsylvania,
the 28th of the 2nd month, 1780. His parents
were valuable members of this Monthly Meet-
ing ; his mother being an acceptable minister
over fifty years, and his father faithfuUj' fill-
ing the station of elder, and both careful to
restrain their oftspring, and bring them up in
the nurture and admonition of the Lord.
Their faithful labors in this respect, were evi-
dently blessed in a remarkable manner.
In early life he manifested a strong and
resolute disposition, but submitting his neck
to the yoke of Christ, he grew in grace as he
grew in years, and became a useful and ex-
emplary member of our Monthly Meeting.
At the age of thirty-nine, his friends thought
it right to place him in the important station
of elder, which position ho filled to their satis-
faction. After passing through many conflicts
and baptisms, he apprehended himself called
upon to speak in our religious meetings as a
minister ; and in the year 183.5, was duly ac-
knowledged as such.
In rei'erence to this period of his life, he re-
marked in a letter to a friend, '■ I was ready
to conclude I never should overcome my
spiritual enemies ; but I resolved not to leave
off imploring helj) of Him, who I believed was
able to help me. 1 had a little faith to believe,
that His Grace would give me the victory if
I took heed to it ; but 1 could not dispel the
darkness and doubts, which at times made me
feel very sad, as I saw that it was not by
works of righteousness which I had done or
could do in my own will and strength, that
the cloud and want of clearness of spiritual
sight could be removed, but that if I was de-
livered out of this condition it must be of His
mercy, by the washing of regeneration and
the i-encwing of His Holy Spirit. I felt ver}-
desirous I might do nothing against the Truth,
but my mind was sometimes much impressed
in our Meetings for Discipline to speak in
Truth's defence ; and as I gave up to do what
I believed was my dutj-, Tfelt peace of mind.
Some time after, I felt much pressed in spirit
to speak a few words in our meetings for wor-
ship, but tried to reason it away, thinking
myself very unfit for that service, and then
occupj-ing the station of elder. But I became
convinced, that nothing but obedience would
keep me from condemnation, and I expressed
a few words in one of our meetings for wor-
ship, after which my mind was calm and
peaceful."
He was firmlj' attached from heartfelt ex-
perience and conviction, to the Christian doc-
trines and tcslimoniesof our religious Society,
as held and promulgated by its primitive
members ; and was often brought under deep
religious exorcise on account of attempts made
to modif}' them. He believed them to be the
doctrines of the Gospel as set forth in the
Holy Scriptures, and was concerned that no
departure from them should be sanctioned bj'
the body.
On a recent occasion, he publicly declared
that, "The principles and testimonies of the
religious Society of Friends, had been the re-
ligion of his education when young, that as
his j-ears and strength ripened to maturity,
the}- became the religion of his judgment ;
and that he could now, when the evening cur-
tain of life was fast closing around him, bear
his testimony that the}- emanated from that
inexhaustaijle Fountain of Truth, which our
Holy Redeemer declared would lead and guide
its dedicated followers into all truth."
He several times, with minutes expressive
of the approbation and unitj' of his friends,
visited the Yearly Meeting of Ohio ; and on
one of these occasions, nearly all the meetings
composing it. He also visited, with minutes,
three other Yearly meetings on this continent;
all the meetings in our Yoarl}- ^Meeting, —
many of thorn several times, — and as an even-
ing sacrifice, he paid a last and memorable
visit to the members and attonders of the
several branches of this Monthly Meeting.
To some among whom he labored on that oc-
casion, it is believed to have been a season of
renewed Divine visitation. After this visit
was accomplished, he expressed that he felt
much peace and comfort in having performed
it.
This last service in the cause in which he
had so long and faithfully labored, was accom-
plished a short time previous to his death.
In his worldly affairs he set a good example
of moderation ; he was concerned to live with-
in the bounds of his circumstances, and careful
not to permit business engagements to inter-
fere with the discharge of his religious obliga-
tions.
He was remarkable for uprightness and
integrity ; singleness of purpose and total
absence of duplicity in demeanor and expres-
sion were distinguishing traits in his charac-
ter. He possessed a good memory, was kind,
generous, and social in his feelings, and being
rifted with a mind of large capacity, his so-
ciet}- was attractive. It ma}^ bo truly said of
him, that his house and heart were always
open for the entertainment of his friends, and
particularly such as were travelling in the
service of Truth.
His public ministrations, especially towards
the close of his life, were often of a very
searching character: "Not with the enticing
words of man's wisdom, but in demonstration
of the Spirit and of power." He was often
drawn forth in affectionate concern for the
youth, exhorting them to yield themselves in
the morning of their day to the restraints of
the cross of Christ, and thus become helpers
in promoting the cause of Truth ; frequently
reminding them, as well as others, that their
faith should not stand in the wisdom of man,
but in the power of tiod.
Our object is not to extol the creature, but
to magnify that Divine Grace, through faith-
ful obedience to which he was enabled to servo
the Lord in his generation, and finally, wo
reverently trust, to receive the crown immor-
tal, which fadcth not away.
He was very diligent in attending his re-
ligious meetings, often under circumstances
\vhich would have deterred many from making
the attempt.
Although of a strong constitution and usu-
ally favored with good health, about ton years
before his death, he became almost blind, so
as to be unable to go about (except on his own
premises) without an attendant ; or to read or
write ; privileges which he had greatly en-
joyed. Notwithstanding this was a severe
affliction, he did not complain, but bore it
with Christian submission and cheerfulness.
His general health being good, he did not let
his dimness of vision deter him from perform-
ing such services as ho felt required of him,
or" from attending his religious meetings and
visiting his friends. It was after this afflic-
tion occurred, that he attended Ohio Y'early
Meeting the last time, and visited the meet-
ings composing it.
In the Third month, 1871, he had an attack
of sickness accompanied by a partial paralysis,
from the etfects of which he became unable to
articulate clearly, and his bodily powers were
greatly prostrated. Upon being asked re-
specting his prospect of recovery, after a
solemnpause he replied ; " I feel that I am an
old man, almost worn out, and nearly done
with this world, and I think I would be will-
ing, if consistent with the Divine will, to close
my blind eyes, never again to bo opened in
mutability ; but I desire to be resigned."
And when asked what his feelings were in
view of the awful change which seemed ap-
proaching, he replied, "I find nothing in my
wa}-, as I believe my sins have all gone before-
hand to judgment, and been forgiven me
10
THE FRIEND.
through the mercy of God in Christ Jesus
our Lord ; and I feel that I can honestly adopt
the language, 'I am now ready to be offered,
and the time of my departure is at band. 1
have fought a good fight; I have finished my
course, 1 have kept the faith ; henceforth there
is laid up for me also a crown of righteous-
ness, which the Lord, the righteous Judge,
■will give me at that day ; and not to me only
but to all them also that love his appearing.'"
And on another occasion, he said to a friend
who sat by his bedside; "I can say as my
mother did on her death-bed, 'The Lord is my
shepherd I shall not want; He maketh me to
lie down in green pastures; He leadeth me
beside the still waters, lie restoreth my soul;
Ho leadeth me in the paths of righteousness
for his name sake. Yea, though I walkthrough
the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear
no evil, for Thou art with me; thy rod and
thy statf, they comfort me.' "
For some time his recovery from this attack
ajjpeared doubtful; but he gradually improved
in health, and became able to go out again ;
his interest and concern for the cause of Truth
remaining unabated.
lie so far recovered as to attend religious
meetings; and not long after he became able
to leave his residence he entered upon the re-
ligious service of visiting the families of ou
members and others, to which allusion has
been made.
He attended religious meetings on the three
days immediately preceding his last attack of
illness, in all of which he was engaged in the
ministry. In the Monthly Meeting which
occurred the 8th of Eleventh month, 1871, he
encouraged those who felt called upon to labor
in the Lord's vineyard, to be faithful, though
they should not see the fruits of their labor;
quoting the passage, " Be ye steadfast, im-
movable; always abounding in the work of
the Lord, inasmuch as ye know, that your
labor shall not bo in vain in the Lord."
The last meeting he attended was a neigh-
boring Monthly Meeting, which occurred the
9th of the month, wherein, after a season of
very solemn quiet, he arose with the words
of the Psalmist ; " Before I was afflicted, I
went astray, but now have I kept thy word;"
acknowledging it had been good for him that
he had been afflicted, saying, " in faithfulness
hath He afflicted me ;" and in great broken-
ness and tenderness of feeling, he dwelt on the
usefulness of afflictions, if rightly received, in
softening the feelings of the natural man, and
bringing his will into subjection to the Divine
will.
After meeting, he appeared in a very peace-
ful state of mind, expressing great thankfu
ness for the kind attentions of his friends, who
manifested much concern for him on account
of his bodily infirmities. His sweet, patient
and happy state of contentment, seemed to
evince a preparation for being unclothed of
mortality, and receiving the wedding garment.
On the afternoon of that day he was attacked
with paralysis, and ai'ter a few hours of acute
suffering sank into a state of apparent un(^on-
sciousness, which continued until the after-
noon of the 11th of Eleventh month, 1871, when
ho was quietly released from this state of pro-
bation, and wo arc comforted in believing, his
redeemed spirit was gathered to the fold of
rest and peace ; aged nearly 83 years, a min-
ister about 3G years.
•-•
The luxury of luxuries is that of doing good.
Some Faels About Rain.
No one who has travelled in the " lake dis-
trict" of England, will need to be informed
that it is a rainy region. If the tourist is
able to devote two or three weeks to it, he
may not unreasonably hope to be favored
with occasional fair weather; but if he can
spend only three or four days among its wild
and lovely scenery, let him congratulate him-
self if they do not all prove to be rainy ones.
Wordsworth could never have seen and sung
the charms of the district as he did, had ho
not made it his home for years.
We have just seen in an English paper an
abstract of meteorological observations made
by Isaac, Fletcher, M. P., among these Cum-
berland mountains. For nearly thirty years
he has kept rain gauges at various stations,
and the record of some of them for the year
1872 is astounding. The rainfall at different
points ranges from about 91 inches up to
almost 244 inches. At four stations it was
about 175 inches. The highest result was
obtained at a place known as " The Stye," at
an elevation of 1077 feet, in one of the wildest
passes of the region, between the lakes of Der-
wenter and Wastwater. Fletcher remarks,
''The amount registered on the f>lye — nearly
244 inches — is marvellous, and is greatl}' in
excess of any previous record. In 1866,224.-
56 inches were recorded. So far as has 3'et
been ascertained, the Stj'o is the wettest spot
in Europe, and, except in tropical countries,
the quantities I have (juoted, represent the
two greatest annual falls of rain that have
ever been recorded."
But wo presume that to many of our readers
these figures convey no definite idea of the
actual amount of rain that falls at this " wet-
test spot in Europe." A few other facts will
serve as a basis of comparison, and also to
show what a capricious pbomomenon rain is
— the most capricious, in fact, of all meteoro-
logical phenomena, both in respect to its fre-
quency and the amount that falls in a given
time. There are regions where it never rains
— as on the coast of Peru, in the African Sa-
hara, and the desert of Cobi in Asia — and
there are others, as in Patagonia, where it
rains almost every day. At most places in
our latitude, if an inch falls in a da}', it is a
pretty heavy rain ; but among the Highlands
of Scotland and in the English "lake district,"
of which wo have been speaking, from five to
seven inches not unfrequently fall in a day.
On the Isle of Skye, in December, 1863, 12.5
inches fell in thirteen hours. At Joyeuse, in
France, 31.17 inches fell in twenty-four hours.
At Geneva, 30 inches in twenty-four hours;
at Gibraltar, 33 inches in twenty-six hours.
As regards the annual rainfall the most re-
markable is on the Khasia hills, in India,
whore it averages 600 inches, about 500 of
which fall in seven months of the j-ear. Wo
do not know of any other place whore the
average rises even to 300 inches, though at
two points on the Ghauts Mountains, in India,
it is 254 and 263 inches. At Madras it is 45
inches; at Bombay 75 inches.
It will bo seen that the rainfall on the Stye,
in Cumberland, approximates to that in the
wettest tropical districts. The average in the
west of Great Britain and Ireland, in the vicin-
ity of high hills, is from 80 to 150 inches, while
away from the hills it is only from 30 to 45
inches, and in the east of England not more
than 20 to 28 inches. In Franco it averages
30 inches ; in the level parts of Germany 20
inches; while in some parts of Russia it falls
as low as 15 inches. In this country it aver-
ages in the Southern States from 50 to 65
inches, though at some points, as at Athens,
^a., it is only 36 inches. In the Northern
States, it ranges from about 27 to 45 inches,
On the Pacific coast it is 22 inches at San
Francisco, but increases as we go northward,
being 47 inches at Fort Vancouver, and 90
inches at Sitka, in Alaska.
Though the subject cannot be called a dry
one, we should hardly venture to indulge to
such an extent in statistics if the variation in
the figures were not so striking. To those of
our readers who have not made a special
study of the subject, wo believe they will be
interesting; and it cannot be denied that they
fully sustain our assertion that rain is the most
capricious of all the phemomena with which
the meteorologist has to deal. Is it possible
that ho can make any orderly arrangement
of such a medley of seeming incongruous:
facts, and bring them into harmony with na-
tural laws? Can he explain why within the
limits of a little territory like England, about
throe hundred and fifty miles long and less
than two hundrid in average breadth, there'
should bo a range in the yearly rainfall from'
about twenty inches up to more than ten fold
that amount? Are such problems within the
grasp of "Old Probabilities," and his fellow
workers ? That these questions are to be an-
swered in the affirmative is all that we will
nowsaj-; at some future time we may devote
another familiar article to the rain and certain
related phenomena, and endeavor to elucidate
the great laws by which they are controlled.
— Journal of Chemistry. '
It
Thomas Dpshur.
The following brief notice of this Friend!
has boon condensed from the memoir respect
ing him published in Friends' Library.
Thomas Upshur was born in the Sixthj
month, 1G72, in the county of Essex, England
Ho was educated in the Presbyterian profes
sion and was seriously inclined from his youth
often seeking the Lord for the good of his
soul, and diligently reading the Holy Scrip
tures. When about 15 years of age, he left
the Presbyterians and joined the people called
general Baptists, among whom he was held
in much esteem, and became a preacheramong,
them. But being favored with a renewed visi
tation of divine Grace, ho came to see the
emptiness of his profession of religion with-
out the saving knowledge of God and our
Lord Jesus Christ, which is only attained
through the revelation of his Spirit.
He was about twenty years of age when he
was convinced of the l)lossed Truth as held by
Friends, and embracing it in the love thereof,
he became a diligent attender of their meet-
ings for the worship of Almighty God, waiting
upon Ilim in retirement of spirit and true
silence, for his teaching and counsel. It pleased
the Lord to bestow on him a gift in the min
istry of the gospel, which he received in groat
humility, speaking a few words amongst his
brethren, in much fear and tenderness, to the
comfort and refreshment of many. God, in
tender mercy, increased his gift, so that ho
became an able and experienced minister of
the gospel, turning many from darkness to
the light of Christ ; in which service he travel
led extensively.
In the time of health he was concerned to
remember death, and when taken sick re-
THE FRIEND.
11
larked, " I do not expect to live long in this
rorld ; I have been preparing for a better. I
o not;desire to live on my own account — I
)ng more and more to be at home with my
rod ; yet I would not be of those who desire
be reward before the work is done. There
3 nothing hero which invites my staj-, but if
rod has anj- further service for me in this
?orld, I am given up to his will."
Several Friends being with him, ho spoke
0 them of his death, and desired they might
ear him witness, saying: " My dependence,
ope and trust are in the Lord Jesus Christ
lone, — I do not value myself upon any qualifi-
ation or endowment received, but lay all
lOwn as at the feet of Jesus, and am as noth-
ng before him."
To a Friend who came to visit him, he said.
In all likelihood, I am now about to take mv
ist leave of you all, and I pray God from my
eart to bless J'ou." At another time, he saiil,
My tongue is not able to express what I feel
f the love and goodness of God, now when I
lave most need of it ; the saying is very true,
hat Life is better than words. There is one
hing I cannot find out, why the Lord should
0 abound in his love and merej- to me, who
tin so unworth}' of the least of his mercies."
Several Friends being in his chamber, he
lesired thej- might wait upon the Lord to-
gether, and the Lord was pleased to open his
Qouth to praise and magnify his holy name.
le spoke of the blessed estate of the faithful,
it the sight of which, he was tilled with
leavenly joy, praising the Lord to the eora-
brt of those present, and saying, " O that I
night declare of the wonders of the Lord,
vhich I have seen in the deeps — but I am re-
igned to his will."
Speaking of his pains and exercises, he said
hey were very great ; but added, " The Lord
8 ver}- good to me, and bears up my spirit in
he midst of them all." Taking leave of some
riends who visited him, he exhorted them so
.0 live that he and they might meet in the
nansions of eternal rest — and desired his dear
ove to Friends everj' where, saying, " They
ire near to my life — 1> have true unity with
hem in spirit." At a meeting in his chamber
ibout two weeks before his death, the state
)f the church and many precious gospel truths
vere opened to him ; and in a heavenly frame
)f spirit he spoke of the wonderful wisdom,
ove and goodness of God, exhurting Friends
,0 be more faithful and diligent in His blessed
;ause and service.
A few days before his close, feeling himself
1 little revived, be went to meeting and there
was engaged in fervent praj'er, praising the
Lord in a true sense of his goodness and
mercy. His distemper returning with in-
reased severity, he felt his end drawing near,
md remarked, "I desire to die in great hu-
miliation and to commit my spirit into the
aands of the Lord Jesus Christ." When
Jeath approached he was in a heavenly frame
jf mind, and said, "The Lord, in the riches of
ais mercy, will keep all them that trust in
aim under all their trials." He peacefully
ieparted this life the 10th of the Eighth month
1704, aged 32 years.
» m
The salt mines discovered in the Teche
Jountry, Louisiana, during the late war, are
Qow being worked, while the surface is covered
with growing sugar cane. The bed, estimated
to^contain ninety million tons of pure solid
rock salt, is located on an island of 300,000
acres, rising 185 feet above a salt marsh. Ac-
cess is obtained to this island by a steamboat
line running between Brashear City and New
Iberia. Tlie soil is composed of sand, loam,
ravel and clay, and the surface is partially
covered with magnolia, live oak, cy])ress,
maple, locust, gum, walnut and fruit-bearing
trees. The vegetation resembles that of a
rich prairie, and the scenery is varied and
beautiful. Access to the interior of the salt
mines is obtained by an elevator, running up
and down a forty-foot shaft, cut through the
solid material. The width of the vein is 120
feet, anil the visitor is surrounded on all sides
lij' rock salt as drj' as powder. The absence
of moisture is one of the most striking pecu-
iarities, and the iron and steel implement
used are quite bright. Two large chambers
have been cut out of the vein. — iV. American
For "The FrifUil
John Heald.
(CtDliuiied from page r>.)
5th mo. IGth, 1815. Attended a meeting at
Long Plain. After long silence I began to
spealv with a prospect of only a little in charge;
but when one thing was delivered another
presented, until the testimonj' was long. In
the course of it, I urged that faith without
works is dead, and works without faith are
dead also. It is not by works of righteous-
ness we have done, but of His mercy he saveth
us. As we are required to work out our soul's
salvation with fear and trembling, it is evi-
dent there is something required to be done ;
and that must not be done in our own will,
for our natural will is of our fallen nature, and
neither the will nor the wrath of man can
work the righteousness of God. Some had
eeply repented when it was too late, or when
they apprehended it to be so, that they had
not improved the time with which they had
been blessed, and admonished those present
to take care that they did not let the time
pass unimproved. We went to Obadiah Davis'
to lodge. He and his wife Ruth are both ap-
proved ministers. . They said they were glad
of the testimony, and that it was well adapted
to the state of the assembly ; that many of
the people, their neighbors, rather despise
works as not being necessary to man's salva-
tion, though Abraham showed his faith by
his works, and the apostle James said, I will
show thee my faith by my works.
17th. We travelled near 30 miles to Pem-
broke. We put up at a Friend's who said his
house was the first built in these parts, about
180 or 100 years ago. We felt ourselves rather
tried, though thej' were kind, yet I concluded
there was something wrong. None of this
family were members of our Society but him
self, his wife a goodly woman. I was afraid
that strong drink had hurt him.
18th. Attended Pembroke Meeting. It was
not large. I sat silent till near the close,
when I delivered a close, moving testimony
tending to stir up the worldly-minded, and
encourage the sincere-hearted. It was their
Preparative Meeting, where it was stated,
that the Friend before mentioned, required
Friends' care in regard to his intemperance,
which gave relief to my mind. We dined at
Benjamin Percival's, and went to John Bai-
ley's. I was glad and felt comforted the little
time we spent here.
26th. About one o'clock p. m. we left the
wharf at Falmouth, in the packet-boat. The
wind dying away, the captain turned back,
sa3'ing the tide was against us ; but after some
time the wind s]irang up fair, he turned and
stood for Nantucket again, and about ten at
night, we landed safe and walked up to Jethro
Mitchell's and were kindly received."
At that time two meetings were held on
the island of Nantucket. J. II. attended the
North Meeting on the morning of First-day,
and the other in the afternoon. In this ho
told the people, that some ministers had come
from far and passed through much sutlering,
and yet when they came to a meeting, the
best they could do was to sit in silence. Ho
thought there was great need for watchful-
ness on such occasions, for when a stranger
comes, the minds of the peo]ilo are too apt to
be placed on him, instead of being centered
where they ought to be. Thus they are look-
ing to one as impotent as themselves. Ho
then proceeded to warn those who saw the
way in which thej' should go, but were from
various causes prevented from entering into
it; and to encourage such as were striving to
do their duty faithfully, to keep to their exer-
cise. 29th. 1 had a desire to see the ministers
and elders. At 10 o'clock the select meeting
came together. I desired them to attend to
their duty, and feed the flock, over which the
Holy Ghost had made them overseers, in due
season.
Soon after, I felt a concern to have the
overseers together. Of these there were ten
of each sex. I endeavored to encourage them
to faithfulness, as much of the welfare of So-
ciety depended on their faithful discharge of
duty, and neglect introduced weakness into
society in general, and in particulars also.
This meeting was at 4 o'clock, and at six we
had a meeting for the youth. Several hun-
dreds of them assembled. It was a low trj-ing
time in the beginning, but as I endeavored to
keep close to my guide, life increased, and it
proved a solid, good meeting in the end.
31st. The packet master called about half
after four in the morning, but we were not
ready, though the wind and tide he said
suited. We staid and attended the North
Meeting. In it I had a remarkably close tii^o,
in which I compared the present state of so-
ciety to Nebuchadnezzar's image, which was
high, his head of gold, his breast and arms of
silver, his other parts of inferior metals, and
his lower parts of iron and miry clay ; the
head representing the true worshippers ; the
lower classes grovelling in the mire with the
strength and stiffness of iron, and so rising in
grades of elevation. Encouragement was held
out to the honest-hearted."
Gth mo. 1st. He attended the South Meet-
ing, and in his memoranda preserves the fol-
lowing notice of it : "Simon, son of Jonas,
lovest thou me ? If we loved the Divine
Master we would love one another; parents
would love and watch over their children, and
children, under the influence of that love,
would be obedient and affectionatel}' kind to
their parents ; it would spread yet further to
connexions and neighbors, and would reach
over sea and land, breathing peace on earth
and good will to men ; and at times the heart
would flow with gratitude. The meeting con-
cluded with supjilication."
Cth mo. 2d. "This morning we went down
to the vessel we expected to go back in, but
the wind blew so strong that the captain was
not willing to go, though the wind and tide
were in favor. So we staid and went to see
the ocean which was an awful sight. The
12
THE FRIEND.
great waves came rolling one after another,
and falling over against the shore in groat
white foam, and roaring loud." Being thus
detained over another First-day, he attended
the meetings in course, and in the afternoon
endeavored to encourage those present to a
due attendance of religious meetings. In the
course of his communication, he mentioned
some of his own trials in early life, from the
example of some who took an active part in
Society, and yet could stay at home attending
to their business, on meeting-days, if it was
somewhat urgent. This had made him much
difficulty, but he had found no way to obtain
peace of mind, but by faithfully following in
the path of duty.
It is a frequent remark that example speaks
louder than words. Where those, who, from
their age and position in the church, ought to
be as way-marks to the younger and more
inexperienced members, swerve in any man-
ner from the right way, their influence for
good is greatly lessened ; and those who are
inclined to take greater liberties than are con-
sistent with their real welfare, will strengthen
themselves in the neglect of duty, and the
practice of evil, by their example. In one
sense, and that a very practical one, each one
of us is our brother's keeper; for we all exert
an influence over each other, and are respon-
sible for it.
After leaving :N'antucket, J. H. attended the
Yearly Meeting of New England, held at New-
port. He mentions that "when the state of
society was being considered, "an increasing
solemnity prevailed, in an especial manner
when the subject of ardent spirits was before
the meeting, the discouragement of the use of
that article was owned under humbling, im-
pressive and powerful influence. A more pre-
cious time on a like occasion, I have not lately
known."
(To be continued.)
Damascus. — Damascus is the oldest city in
the world. Tyre and Sidon have crumbled
on^the shore; Baalbec is a ruin ; Palmyra lies
buried in the sands of the desert; Ninevah
and Babylon have disappeared from the shores
of the Tigris and Euphrates; Damascus re-
mains what it was before the days of Abra-
ham— a centre of trade and travel, an island
of verdure in a desert, "a predestinated capi-
tal," with martial and sacred associations ex-
tending beyond thirty centuries. It was " near
Damascus" that Saul of Tarsus saw the "light
from heaven above the brightness of the sun;"
the street which is called Strait, in which it
was said "he prayeth," still runs through the
city. The caravan comes and goes as it did
a thousand years ago ; there is still the sheikh,
the ass, and the waterwheel ; the merchants
of the Euphrates and the Mediterariean still
"occupy" these "with the multitude of their
waiters." The city which Mahomet surveyed
from a neighboring height, and was afraid to
enter " because it is given to man to have but
one paradise, and for his part he was resolved
not to have it in this world," is to this day
what Julian called " the eye of the East," as
it was in the time of Isaiah "the head of
Syria." From Damascus came the damson,
our blue plums, and the delicious apricot of
Portugal called damasco; damask, our beauti-
ful fabric of cotton and silk, with vines and
flowers raised upon a smooth bright ground ;
the dainask rose, introduced into England in
the time of Henry VIII.; the Damascus blade
so famous the world over for its keen edge
and wonderful elasticity, the secret of the
manufacture of which was lost when Tamer-
lane carried off the artists into Persia; and
that beautiful art of inlaying wood and steel
with silver and gold — a kind of mosaic en-
graving and sculpture united called damas-
keening, with which boxes and bureaus, and
swords and guns are ornamented. It is still
a city of flowers and bright waters ; the
streams from Lebanon, the " rivers of Damas-
cus," the " river of gold," still murmur and
sparkle in the wilderness of '■'■Lyriah gardoiie."
♦-*
Selected.
RESIGNATION.
Meek Lamb of God, on Thee
In sorrow I repose.
But for thy tenderness and grace,
How hopeless were our woes I
Though bitter is my cup,
Yet how can I repine ?
It stills my every restless thought
To think that cup was Thine.
Since Thou hast hallowed woe,
I would not shun the rod,
But bless the chastening hand that seeks
To bring me to my God.
Distress and pain I hail.
If these conform to Thee;
Be but Thy peace. Thy patience mine,
And 'tis enough for me.
Hugh Stowdl.
Selected .
THE INVITATION.
Come, while the blossoms of thy years are brightest,
Thou j'outhful wanderer in a flowery maze,
Come, while the restless heart is bounding lightest,
And joy's pure sunbeams tremble in thy ways ;
Come, while sweet thoughts, like summer buds unfold-
ing,
AVaken rich feelings in the careless breast,
Wliile yet thy hand the ephemeral wreath is holding.
Come, — and secure interminable rest !
Soon will the freshness of thy days be over.
And thy free buoyancy of soul be flown ;
Pleasure will fold her wing; and friend and lover
Will to the embraces of the worm have gone;
Those who now love thee will have passed forever,
Their looks of kindness will be lost to thee;
Thou wilt need balm to heal thy spirit's fever.
As thy sick heart broods over years to be.
Come, while the morning of thy life is glowing.
Ere the dim phantoms thou art chasing die ;
Ere the gay spell which earth is round thee throwing
Fades, like the crimson from a sunset sky ;
Life liatli but sliadows, save a promise given,
Which lights the future with a fadeless ray:
Oh, touch tlie sceptre ! win a hope in heaven !
Come, turn thy spirit from the world away.
Willis Gaylord Clark.
» »
A Valuable Load of Bricks. — An important
shipment of silver bars was made by the
Swansea silver smelting and refining company
j'esterdaj' from the banking oflfice of Adam
Sjnith &, Son. The shipment consisted of one
hundred and forty-nine silver bricks, which
contained forty-seven thousand three hundred
and forty-two ounces of pure silver and five
thousand ounces of gold, and was valued at
!576,000. The metal was the product of seven
daj's' smelting at the works, which are now
turning out $10,000 worth of gold and silver
every day. A shipment equalling in value is
made each Saturday to the United States
assay office in New York, where the bricks
are again smelted, and whatever gold they
contain extracted. The bricks are sent through
in the care of the American Express Company,
and are not encased or protected in any way.
In looking at them one would be easily de-
ceived as to their weight and value. The i
one hundred and forty-nine bricks shipped'
yesterday made a load which two large horses
hauled with difficulty. — Chicago Tribune.
Honolula, 26th of 3d month, 1836. |
By a neweppaer brought out by one of the
vessels just arrived from America, we are fur-
nished with the Epistle of the Yearly Meeting
held in London in 1835, of which a present
has been made to us in great kindness ; it was i
a treat no less welcome for not having been J
anticipated, and to myself particularly cona
soling, being replete with explanation of thiB
principles and views of our religious Society ,1
as held by our worthy predecessors when they |
first came forth ; and declaring them to remain '
unalterably the same at this day. I trust the
pure mind will be stirred up in many of our
members to a serious consideration, whether:
we are endeavoring to uphold them, in their
original purity and simplicity, to the eyes of
the world, and in faithfulness and gratitude
to Him, who called and separated those an-
cient worthies from the many " lo heres" and
" io theres" of their day and generation, to be'
a people to His praise. — From Memoirs of
Daniel Wheeler.
For " The Friend." j
Japan.
We extract from Professor Pumpelly somej
of his observations on Japan, made during a
residence of some months while he was occu-i
pied principally in an examination of the|
mines and mining resources of the country,
by authority of the government. The closer!
relations and increasing trade between the
United States and Japan, is already having a
marked effect on the inhabitants of the latter,!
and seems likely in time to work important
changes in some of their habits and institu-
tions.
The Japanese empire forms the chief parti
of the long barrier chain of islands which,
stretching along the eastern coast of Asia,
separate the great ocean from the great con-
tinent. This chain or mountain range par-
tially submerged, rising above the surface of;
the ocean in the island of Formosa, trends
northeast, through the Linkiii group, Kiusiu,
Niphon, and Jesso, and forking in the latter,
sends off due north, a geologically distinct
branch in the island of Saghalien or Ivrafto,
while the main range continues in its north-
easterly course, through the long line of thel
Kurilos and the continental mountains of
Kamschatka, to Behring's Straits.
This outlying chain is the easternmost mem^
bcr of an extensive system of parallel rangesj
whjch, reaching from Burmah to the Arctiti
ocean, determines nearly all the details in the
configuration of eastern Asia, in the same
manner as the Appalachian system deter-
mines the outlines and details of eastern North
America.
Excepting Formosa, all the large islands of
this chain belong to Japan. The greatest
breadth across the middle of Niphon, is about
200 miles, and the average width of the em-
pire is less than 100 miles. But its narrow-
ness is compensated for by its length, the
principal islands ranging from north lat. 31
dog., to about 50 deg. in the island of Sagha-
lien, a length, following the axis, of over 1600
miles.
Its back bone of older granite and meta-
morphic i-oeks is overlaid by younger forma-
THE FRIEND.
13
ions, among which are at least coal-bearing
lejiosits of one age, and tertiary and post-
itertiary beds, while strata of the cretaceous
ige existon Jessoand Saghalien. Throughout
t"s whole length this range is pierced by count-
ess volcanic vents, and the lavas and tufas
■jected from these sources, and in great part
je|iosited originally under the sea, now form
erraces and plains around the islands, and
;(>\ er much of the interior. It is essentially
1 mountainous country ; and though the height
3f the interior is not known, it seems impro-
oalilo that the mountains, excepting some
roKanic peaks, rise to a greater elevation than
lOliO to 0000 feet, while even on JSiphon the
rest line probably averages less than 3000
feet. The volcano Fuziyama is said to be
over 12,000 feet high, and other peaks of
similar character may rise above 10,000 feet.
The rivers although very short, being mere-
ly coast streams, are often deep and navigable
for small craft ; they are, however, frequently
broken by falls and rapids. The bold and
rock-bound coast is indented with bays and
countless fiords, forming many harbors where
whole fleets could ride in safety.
"With such a wide extent in latitude, there
of course exists a corresponding change in
climate. In Ilakodadi, according to the ob-
servations of Dr. Albrecht, the mean annual
temperature, from an average of four j'ears
(1859 to 1862), is 48.22 deg., the minimum
being in January, 10 deg. Fah., and the maxi-
mum in August, 87.3 deg. The fall of rain in
1862 was 47 inches; the maximum fall in one
month being ten inches in July.
Notwithstanding its insular position, the
toean annual temperature of Japan, in com-
mon with that of all eastern Asia, is below
that of corresponding points on the eastern
Doast of America, which is at least partially
explained by the fact that the prevailing
winter winds are from the west, blowing from
the cold steppes of Tartary.
A marked difference is said bj' the Japanese
to exist between the climates of the eastern
and western coasts of Niphon, the latter being
much colder and receiving a greater fall of
9now than the former. The eastern coast, as
Par as the northern part of Niphon, is washed
by the Kurosiwo, which, branching off from
the equatorial current in the tropics, flows as
i broad belt of warm water to the northeast,
the counterpart in the Pacific ocean of the At-
, antic gulf-stream. On the other hand, in the
lapan Sea, there seems to be a cold current,
letting south from the Sea of Ochotsk. A
branch from this reaches eastward, through
;he Straits of Tsungaru, passing Ilakodadi
with a velocity of four or five miles per hour.
3n a voyage in the steamer Bogartyn, fjom
Eakodadi to Nagasaki, through the Japan
iea, it was found that the current set us everj-
lay thirty to forty miles south of the position
ndicated by dead reckoning.
At the change in the monsoons, especially
in September, the coast is visited by fearful
aurricanes, called tj'phoons, carrying destruc
tion in their track. Although these cyclones
ire felt in the waters of Jesso, their centres
'oUow the curve of the warm Kurusiwo.
which does not wash the shores of that island.
Abounding in forests from the extreme
iouth to the northernmost islands, Japan is
• exceedingly rich in the variety of its trees.
The moisture of an insular climate, together
., ivith the fertility of soils formed by the decay
; >f volcanic rocks, produce an exuberant vege-
tation in everj- latitude of the empire. On the
highlands of Niphon the prevailing forms are
European. The valleys of southern Niphon,
and the forests of Kiusiu, contain many tropi-
cal plants, while the investigations, especially
of Gray and Maxiniowitch, have shown that
the flora of Jesso is generically almost iilen-
tical with that of the northeastern United
States.
The animal kingdom does not seem to be
so well represented as onemiglit esjiect, when
we consider that the islands must have com-
municated with the continent at some period
since the appearance in Asia of the animals
now living wild in the Japanese mountains.
The list of wild quadrupeds known to natur-
alists, seems to be confined to a species of
hare, a deer, an antelope, a bear, a wild hog,
fox, red and black badger, otter, marten and
squirrel.
The animals of Japan have a strong analogy
with those of Europe; many are identical or
slightly varied, as the badger, otter, mole,
common fox, marten and squirrel. On the
other hand, a large species of boar in the is
land of Jesso resembles the grizzly bear in
the Ivocky Mountains of North America. A
chamois in other parts of Japan is nearly
allied to the antelope montana of the same
mountains; and other animals, natives of
Japan, are the same with those of Sumatra;
so that its fauna is a combination of those of
very distant regions.
The list of domesticated animals is very
small, and confined to the oxen necessary in
agriculture, horses, two kinds of dogs, the
small pug-nosed variety like the KingCharles,
and the wolfish Tartar variety, with erect ears
and bristling hair. Besides the common house
cat, with a long tail, there is a variet.y having
by nature either no tail, or one an inch or two
long, and ending with a knot. The sheep
goat, and ass, seem to be unknown through
out the group.
The number of islands composing the Jap
anese empire is variously estimated at from
1,000 to 3,800, and the aggregate area at 170,-
000 square miles; Niphon, 900 miles long bj-
about 100 miles broad, containing about 95,00ii
square miles; Kiusiu about 16,000; Sikok
about 10,000, and Jesso about 30,000.
The population of Japan is generally placed
at between thirty and forty millions. AT
estimates for the present must be merelj' ar
bitrary, as, although the population is pro
bably known to the government, it has never
been ascertained by foreigners; and we are
yet too ignorant of the extent of cultivable
land on Niphon and Kiusiu, and, indeed of all
the other data necessary to form a rough esti-
mate. The Japanese, not being a meat eating
people, are able to cultivate land which with
us would be devoted to pasture. In no other
country does so large a portion of the popula-
tion support itself and supply the interior with
the products of the sea. These, ranging from
seaweed to marine mammals, contribute per-
haps as largely to the subsistence of the na-
tion as do the products of the land. Both
these facts form important elements in esti-
mating the ability of the country to support
life ; they might seem to favor the supposition,
other things being equal, of a larger popula-
tion to the .square mile than we find in Europe.
But the feudal state of the empire, together
with the mountainous character of the islands,
both of them conditions opposed to expansion;
the laws requiring the maintenance of a fixed
forest area (with some social and moral influ-
ences) act against increase, and seem to weigh
against the arguments for an overflowing
pojiulation.
There is strong reason for believing that
the ]Kjpulation of Niphon and Kiusiu is far
below the maximum which those countries
and their coasts can sujipoi-t. This is found
in the fact that Jesso, separated from Niphon
by only a strait fourteen miles broad, and
having an area of 30.000 s(|uaro miles, and a
climate like that of Illinois and New Eng-
land, with a more fertile soil than the latter,
has no population beyond fishing villages on
the coast, and a few scattered aborigines in
the interior.
Japanese literature, so far as known to us,
gives no clue to the origin of the people. The
native chronologies and histories represent
the inhabitants of the islands as sprung from
a race of gods through demi-gods, who, during
more than a million j'cars occupied Japan.
The authentic dates of their history begin
about 670 B. C, and the apparent absence of
traditions relating to a loreign origin would
seem to indicate that the time of their arrival
was very remote indeed.
At present the empire is inhabited by two
distinct races, the Japanese and the Aino.
The latter people, exclusively hunters and
fishermen, and now found only in parts of
Jesso, Saghalien and the Kurile islands, a8
late as the sixth centurj^ occupied a large
part of northern Niphon, whence they were
dislodged. After a long series of bloody wars
in Jesso thej^ were brought to complete sub-
jection in the twelfth century. The Ainos
probably inhabited a large part if not all the
present empire before the arrival of the Jap-
anese. It is impossible to suppose that the
Ainos, with their dark skins, heavy flowing
beards, and hairy bodies, should be the parent
stock of the Japanese, who differ from them
as much as thej- do from the Caucasian.
By some writers the Japanese have been
derived from the Mongol family, while others
see in them proof of a Malay origin. Gram-
matical analogies in language, and .some points
of resemblance physically, ])oint to a relation-
ship with the Mongol family. It is not im-
possible that the wide-spread Malay and
Mongol races may have met in southern
Japan, and in their union produced the pre-
sent population, in the character of which
many of the distinguishing features of both
are combined.
The Qualifications for Gospel Ministry. —
Thej' onlj' are true pastors and ministers who
are of Christ's giving; and many such he has
given, and will give in this gospel day, ac-
cording as was testified by a preacher, both
of Christ as come in the flesh, and of the mys-
tery of Christ as come in spirit. "Even the
mj'stery which hath been hid from ages and
generations, but now is made manifest to his
saints, to whom God would make known what
is the riches of the glory of this mystery
among the Gentiles, which is Christ in you,
the hope of glory, whom we preach, warning
every man, and teaching every man in all
wisdom, that we may present every man per-
fect in Christ Jesus; whereunto I also labor,
striving according to his working, which
worketh in me mightily."
According to a real belief and persuasion
that God would reveal this mystery of Christ
in us, I was made tenderly concerned to wait
14
THE FRIEND.
for the same, that I might experience, witness
and feel the power and coming of Christ in-
wardly in spirit, both to sanctify my heart,
and give me understanding to do his will.
And when he called me to bear testimony
for his name and power, and also for his
inward and spiritual work in man, I was
No finer wheat can be grown anywhere
than in that section east of the Eocky Moun-
tains which can be utilized by irrigation.
Should the experiment of artesian wells suc-
ceed generally, as it has in a few cases along
the line of the Union Pacific Eailway, the
entire six or seven hundred miles between
eno-awed in spirit to wait for his power andithe Missouri river and the Rocky Mountains
spirit to move and work in me ; and that 1
might labor in his service according to his
working in me thereby, and not otherwise to
run or to strive in my own will, wisdom or
strength, as knowing that without C'hrist, his
power and presence, help and counsel,! could
of myself do nothing. And when my ability
was but small, and I was in much weakness,
fear and trembling many times, the Lord
helped me, and increased strength and ability
in my labors beyond expectation ; this care
still resting upon me, even in my early travels
to minister only according to the ability and
gift given to me of my heavenly Father, so
to keep within compass of my own gift and
ability ; and when the Spirit of the Lord
opened, and moved but in a few words, I must
not exceed, but sit down in silence when that
ceased. Many times in wailing upon the
Lord, and secretly breathing to him in silence,
the spring of life would arise, and open coun-
sel afresh to the refreshment and consolation
once called in our school geographies the
"Great American Desert" — may in the next
half century become one vast wheat field.
Northern Minnesota and the central sections
along the line of the Northern Pacific Eail-
way will produce the finest wheat in abund-
ance. Manitoba gives excellent promise as a
wheat producing region, while in the Saskat-
chewan vallej', extending from Lake Winne-
peg to the Eocky Mountains, and the country
directly east of the mountains as far south as
New Mexico, there is an area suitable for the
production of wheat which bids fair to afford
an ample supply of this great staple for cen-
turies to come. — Ohio Farmer.
For "The Friend."
Samuel Hilles.
The recent removal of this dear Friend,
has awakened a lively remembrance of the
thoughtful kindness which he manifested
nearly forty years ago, to one then a school-
of myself and others. Often hath my soul j boy under his care; and which led to a friend-
been brought low, and the Lord helped me, {ship which subsisted through life. Great is
and renewed my strength, to persevere in his
service ; being sensible the more low I was
in myself, and the more in fear toward God,
though but weak and simple of mj'self, the
more he would manifest his power, and bless
my endeavors and service. Let Him have
the praise of all, who is forever worthy. —
George Whitehead.
• •
The Wheat Fields of the Future. — As soils
constantly sown to wheat will in time lose the
elements favorable to its successful produc-
tion unless they are restored by expensive
fertilizers, it has become a question of some
interest whether lands on which wheat will
naturallj' grow are likely to be found within
the area of civilization in years to come. It
is well known that virgin soils, if rich and
favored with proper climatic influences, almost
always produce good crops of wheat, but in a
few years the constant drain of the constituent
elements of the grain from the soil, exhausts
its productiveness so far as this crop is con-
cerned, and to restore its fertility resort must
be had to manures, rotation of crops, or other
means familiar to agriculturists. The prin-
cipal production of wheat in the early days
of the country was from the alluvial lands
along the Connecticut, Hudson, Delaware and
Susquehanna rivers and their tributaries.
Then Ohio, Michigan and Indiana became in
their turn the great producing States, and as
the wheat culture there declined in import-
ance, it increased in districts further west.
During the jieriod embraced between the
years 18G5 and 1872, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois,
Michigan, Wisconsin and Missouri, although
growing immensely in population and general
productiveness, fell off in their relative yield
of wheat, while Minnesota increased its pro-
duction from 3,000, t)00 to 15,000,000 bushels;
Iowa from Hi, 700, 000 to 20,600,000 ; Kansas
from 200,000 to 2.000,000, and Nebraska from
166,000 to 2,500,000. And still the bounda-
ries of the wheat region are extending toward
the west.
the power of that christian courtesy, of
which he was a shining example, when it is
connected with unaffected love to the breth-
ren, and flows from a heart in which the
love of our Heavenly Father is felt and cher-
ished. Such we believe was the case with
our departed friend. It was very instructive
to notice, especially in the latter years of his
life, his earnest concern to be found in unity
with his brethren, and his willingness to waive
his own inclination, if he found it not to accord
with thejudgment of those with whom he was
associated. Yet this humility and deference
to the feelings of others, did not lead him to
give up his attachment to the doctrines and
testimonies of the Society of Friends, when
brought into contact with those who had im-
bibed views inconsistent therewith. The writer
well remembers a visit to his pleasant home,
in the latter part of his life, in which S. II.
spoke of one who had recently been under his
roof, and who, though brought up within the
pale of the Society, had become an enthusi-
astic convert to a form of doctrine not in ac-
cordance with that of his education. Samuel
said, he made little reply to the arguments of
his visitor, not thinking that much good would
result from discussion in his present state of
mind ; but added, that he could not make the
doctrines he advanced agree icith his own ex-
perience.
It would be well for many in the present
d-iy, if, like this good man, they were con-
cerned to know their religious opinions to be
the result of submission to the grace of God,
and produced by its effectual working in the
heart. From this foundation the}- could not
easily be moved by any wind of doctrine, or
subtle argument addressed to the intellect.
Retaining their faith in the elHcacy of that
Divine Power whose operations thoj' had long
witnessed in themselves, they would patiently
wait the unfolding of the heavenly' mysteries,
in accordance with the promise of the Scrip-
tures: he that doeth the will shall know of
the doctrine. How sweet and encouraging
to such is the exhortation of a deeply experi-
enced servant in the early days of this Soci-
ety : " What though thou art weak and little ;
though thou meet with those who are wise
and knowing ; and almost every way able to
reason thee down ; what though thou hast not
wherewith to answer ; yet thou knowest and
hast the feeling of God's pure Truth and Spirit,
with a desire to have the life of it brought
forth in thee, and so to witness the change
and renewings which are by his power. O,
dear heart I "herein thou art accepted of the
Lord, and here his tender love and care will be
over thee, and his mercy will daily reach to
thee ; and thou shalt have true satisfaction in
thy heart, and hold the Truth there, where all
the reasonings of men, and all the devices of
the enemy of thy soul, shall not be able to
reach. Therefore look not out at men, or at
the words and wisdom of men; but keep
where thou hast felt the Lord visit thee, that
he may visit thee yet again and again, every
day, and be teaching thee further and further
the way to his dwelling place, and be draw-
ing thee thither, where is righteousness, life,
rest and peace, forever."
^ »
On the Top of Mount Shasta. — After six
hours' weary climbing — during the last hour
of which the inclination was about forty- ^
five degrees — we reach the crater summit. 1
The mountain here is rounded in shape, and
the line of vision, therefore, only a few feet
distant. Nothing intervened between it and
Shasta Valley, 13,000 feet below. This cre-
ated the belief that bj' going a few feet to one
side a sheer precipice of this depth would be
found. Though the mind knows this to be
an illusion, the eye was constantly returning
to the view that created it — that which we
dread having in such cases so unnatural an
attraction. This fact did not by any means
tend to restore calmness to nerves wrought
almost to their utmost tension by the fatigue
and excitement of the journey. In addition
to the weakness resulting from want of slee])
and appetite, I confess to having experienced
the squeamish sensation incident to sea-sick-
ness— a feeling to which, after the arduous
journey, even those in possession of a full
measure of strength are subjected.
In the ascent to the summit overlooking
the great crater we passed over an ice-field
which by the continued action of frost, had
become as hard as flint glass and exceeding!}'
slippery. It possessed the peculiar tinge of
blue found in the ice of which glaciers are
composed, and like them had been formed by
the melting of snow. A sharp thrust with'
the spike of an alpenstock hardly made an
im]yession in this ice, upon which it was
almost impossible to walk.
After crossing the ice field we reached the
crater rim of the once great but now extinct
volcano. The crater is now filled with v<il
canic debris covered by laj'crs of snow and
ice. The present bottom of the crater is ap-
parently 800 or 1000 feet below the rim, which
has a circumference of nearly three miles, and
it is irregularly broken on all sides except th€
east. The desolation and silence of the region
are made more forbidding by the absence o)
every vestige of plant life, and by the sombre!
colors of the mountain sides to the south.
The view from the summit when the sur
has dispelled the clouds extends from Pit!
river on the northeast to Mount Tamalpais
near the bay of San Francisco, on the south.
THE FRIEND.
15
west, a distance of some 500 miles. The
great boundary wail of the Sierra Xevadas
lies to the east, and the sinuous outline of the
Coast Range to the west, beyond which, and
visible over it, the broad Pacific shelves away
to the horizon. Between these ranges lies
the vast garden of the Sacramento. There is
no feature which rugged, towering mountains,
beautiful, fertile valleys, rich, variegated foli-
age, wood and water, clouds and clearings can
bring as factors of the grand in nature, that
is not found somewhere in the sweep of the
vision along this marvellous panorama.
On the summit of Shasta a number of hot
springs are found which emit a disagreeable
odor and have the power of brazing any
metallic article which is thrown into them.
The chief constituents of the water are sul-
phur, arsenic, soda and iron, and the springs
ire faintly suggestive vents of the region of
jubterrancan tire, which once threw molten
,va and debris over the whole of the sur-
rounding country. — Scribner's Magazine.
~p The Plain Language.
George Fox says, "All Friends that believe
n the right, as Christ hath commanded 30U,
md are become children of light, keep to the
Dropcr speech ; that is thee and thou to a single
jersou, and you to many. You may see
throughout the Scriptures, it was the language
)f Goil and Christ, his prophets and apostles,
md all good men; though it is the practice
)f others to say you, when they should say
hou. Therefore, take you heed of flattering
,0 please men, and of letting the world's
ipirit over you."
That this was no light matter in George
ri'ox's view, is shown by his advice that
Vionthly Meetings should make inquiry,
' whether any that profess truth, use not of
,he pure language thou to every one ; whether
ihey keep up God's and Christ's language,
,hat the holy prophets and apostles used,
)ver all the flattering words of the world."
In one of the conferences which George
Whitehead and Gilbert Latey had with Charles
I., the king remarked, " But you will say
Thee and Thou ; what is your reason for
hat?" To which Gilbert Latey made answer,
• The same reason as the apostle Paul, when
peaking to king Agrippa, he says, ' 1 think
ayself happy, king Agrippa, that I shall
inswer for myself before thee, especially be-
:au8e I know thou art expert in all customs,'
;c. Also, 'king Agrippa, believest thou the
irophets?' And ' would to God not only thou,
•at also all that hear me this day, were both
.Imost and altogether such as 1 am, except
hese bonds.' "
In reference to the practice which unhap-
lily, has become too common among Friends
tt many places, to omit the word thou and
mploy thee in its place, that valuable minis-
er, William Savery, makes this observation
a his journal : " My two travelling compan-
ins George Miller and William Farrcr, made
ome remarks on Americans using the word
hee instead of thou, when the latter would
e most proper ; they were of the mind that
; was a departure from our testimony, and
ad crept in from a desire of pleasing others
y a soft, accommodating form of speech, and
^as inconsistent with the practice of our an-
ient Friends. I never thought it proceeded
:om a desire to evade our te8timon3', but
hrough custom, had prevailed in many from
jiioranee of grammar rules: — we are, how-
ever, recommended by an apostle to hold fast
the form of sound words."
When men and women in a discursive spirit
take upon them to declare the Truth, when
the Lord neither calls them nor speaketh by
them, the children born of the royal seed are
burdened; for such have turned against the
Truth, and the children born of it, whom the
Lord will ease in the day determined, when
all mouth.s shall be closed in ^ilcnce, but those
which are opened by him, and not any voice
be heard, but his own spirit speaking in and
through his own children, born of him, who
alone seek his glor}', and not anything for
themselves, which must be denied. — Epistle
of Wm. DeiDsbury.
The highest mountain on the North Ameri-
can continent is Mount St. Elias, in Alaska,
whose elevation is 17,900 feet. Next to it
come the volcano ot Popocatapell, in Mexico,
17,884 feet, and Orizaba, also in Mexico, 17,-
373 feet. If the newly discovered peak of the
Holy Cross, in the Yellow Stone region, found
by the Ilaj-den exploring party, be really
17,000 feet high, as they estimate, it will be
the fourth peak in elevation on the continent
of North America, and the highest mountain
in the United States, excluding Alaska. Here-
tofore the highest peak in this country was
supposed to be Big Horn mountain, which is
elevated 1.5,000 feet. — Late Paper.
The S|ianisli fleet, nn<ler coininaiul of ,\ilmiral Lobos,
eommencoil the boiub.irdment of Cartagena on the 22(1
inst. Advices from that city state that the civil and
niililarv anthorities of tlie C'oranuuiist ad luini.st ration
liad iniarrelled, and their respective partisans were en-
gaged in actnal conflict. The private soldiers, it was
hi " '
THE FRIEND.
EIGHTH MONTH 30, 1873.
The writer of an article which appeared in
our Journal some weeks ago, under the cap-
tion of " Revision of the Bible," complains —
and we think justly — that great part of it ap-
peared in the 8th month number of " The
British Friend" as an extract from " The
Christian Union ;" giving the impression to
those who have observed the essay in both
journals, that while claiming to be an original
article, prepared for "The Friend," it was
really a copy from the " Christian Union."
We have no doubt the editor of " The British
Friend" credits the article to the source
whence he took it. Other journals are wel-
come to what may appear in our columns,
but it is no more than right that when mak-
ing such extracts, they should state where
they are taken from.
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
Foreign. — A Madrid dispatch of the 22d says: The
Republican army, tinder the command of General
Bregua, numbering twelve thousand men, ha.s entered
Bilboa. The Carlist forces occupying tlie city withdrew
without offering battle.
<Jn the 16th inst. an unsuccessful attempt was made
upon the life of Don Alphonso, the brother of Don
Carlos. The would be assassin was taken and executed.
The total strength of the Carlist force operating in
the North of Spain, is estimated in Madrid at 28,000
men.
The Spanish Minister of War has received dispatches
announcing that in a recent battle near Berga, the Car-
lists were defeated after a desperate conflict in which
ninety of their soldier., were killed and .300 wounded.
The siege of Berga has been raised and the Carlists
were in lull retreat.
The Cortes have authorized the prosecution by the
tribunals of justice of nine Deputies who have been ar-
rested for particip.ating in the Communist and Cantonal
insurrections. The prisoners taken by the government
forces in encounters with the Cantonal and Communist
insurgents are to be .sent to reinforce the Spanish army
in Cuba.
lieved, were in favor of surrendering to the govern-
ment forces.
A Bayonne dispatch of the 2:Jd says : Advices from
Carlist sources state that Berga has been again invested
by the Carlist army. Both sides claim to have gained
the victory in the recent battle before that town.
The Carlists say they are organizing for a movement
on Madrid, and will be ready to march within two
months.
The Carlists, at the instigation of the priests, bum
all the records of civil marriages that they can capture.
The work of laying a cable from Lisbon to Rio de
.Janeiro has coturaenced. A steamer left Lisbon on tlie
21st with the wire on board.
Bombay disp,atches report that destructive floods have
afflicted the province of Agra. There had been some
loss of life, and .'!,.500 houses of the natives had been
swept away by the waters.
On the l9th inst., Duke Charles Frederick William,
of Brunswick, died at (ieneva, of apoplexy, lie left
by will the whole of his great landed and personal
estate to the city of Geneva.
South American advices state that a disastrous fire
had occurred in Valparaiso, causing a loss of .S.500,000.
Several towns in Chili have been greatly damaged by
earlhijuakes. ,\bout sixty miles from Lima an immense
body of earth fell from a mountain side into a vallev,
severely injuring a number of persons and damming up
a river which had risen more than one hunilred feet
above its usual height. Furtlicr damage was expected
whenever the water burst through the barrier of rock
and earth.
The revenue of the East Indian government for the
year ending :5d rao. 31st, 187.3, was $249,570,000, and
the expenditures $242,110,0011. There was a cash
balance in the Treasury of Slt'>,000,000.
A Paris dispatch of the 22nd says: At a meeting of
the members of the Left to-day, it was decided to seek
the support of the Left Centre, to prevent the success
of the plans of the Fusionists and Legitimists for the
establishment of a Bourbon monarchy.
Prince Napoleon has been elected president of the
Council General of Corsica. In accepting the position
he delivered an address to the Council, recommending
that the proceedings be confined to matters of depart-
mental interest.
The Prussian Minister of Public Instruction and
Ecclesiastical .Affairs, has ordered the Roman Catholic
Seminary at Posen to be closed.
The rate of discount at the Bank of England has been
reduced to three per cent.
A steamer from Singapore and Shanghai, for London,
has been wrecked in the Red Sea, near the eastern en-
trance. The captain, oHicers, and part of the crew, were
lost. Thirty-six men succeeded in gaining the land,
but fell into the hands of Arabs, by whom they are held
as prisoners.
A dispatch of the 2.3d from Alexandria says : Sir
Samuel Baker and wife, with the party which went
with them up the Nile, have arrived at Suez, and will
proceed to Cairo to-morrow.
By a collision on the Great Northern Railw.ay, near
Nottingham, on the 23d inst., four persons were killed
and fifteen others badly injured, some of them fatally.
London, 8th mo. 2:3d.— Consols 92]. U. S. 10-40 five
per cents, 90.
Liverpool. — Middlings cotton, 8]c?. Sales 12,000
bales.
It is .stated that Victor Emanuel, King of Italy, will
visit Vienna and Berlin about the middle of next month.
It is announced that the Pope has intimated his de-
sire for reconciliation with Germany, on the condition
of Germany not interfering in the Italian complica-
tions.
United States. — MlicelloTieoris. — The interments in
Philadelphia last week numbered 333, including 1.57
under two years. There were 51 deaths of cholera in-
fantum, 38 consumption, 23 marasmus, 22 debility.
There were fil'5 interments in New York last week.
The yorlli Amerkan of the 22d inst. says: There is
now at this port the bark True Love, Capt. Thomas
Wetherill, recently arrived from Greenland with a
cargo of kryolite. The vessel was built in 1764, in this
city, and is consequently lll9 years old. It is still in
excellent condition and during its long existence has
received scarcely any repairs.
The number of distilleries in the L'nited States in
operation on the first insl., is stated by the Internal
16
THUJ i^'KiiUJNU.
Revenue Department at 20S, with a capacity for pro-
ducing 181,729 gallons of spirits daily.
President Grant has approved the sentences passed
by a military coiumission on some of the captive Mo-
docs, and ordered that tliey be carried into execution
on the 3d day of Tenth month next. The commission
sentenced Captain Jack and five other prisoners to
death by hanging.
On the 2.3d inst. an explosion occurred in the steamer
George Wolfe, on the Mississippi river, near Memphis,
by which a large number of persons were killed or in-
jured.
On the 24th an accident occurred on the Baltimore
and Ohio Railroad, by which four German immigrants
were fatally injured, and about twenty wounded. Tlie
accident was caused by the spreading of the track,
which threw all the cars of!' the track and one down an
embankment, bottom upward, with 70 or 80 men,
women and children in it.
A very destructive fire occurred in Belfast, Maine,
on the 24th inst., by which more than 12.3 buildings
were destroyed, and at le.ast 130 families rendered
homeless. Lo.ss about $500,000.
Notwithstanding the great loss by the fire of Eleventh
month last, the valuation of real and personal property
in Boston this year shows an increase of $8,000,000.
The rate of taxation will be about thirteen dollars per
thou.sand.
The Markets, &c. — The following were the quotations
on the 23d inst. Nem York. — American gold, 11-5;.
U. S. sixes, 1881, 119.;; ditto, 1868, 118; ditto, new
fives, 114f . Superfine flour, $5.10 a $5.40 ; State extra,
$6.40 a $6.75; finer brands, j7 a $10. Red western
wheat, $1.64; No. 2 Chicago spring, $1.49; No. 3 do.,
$1.40. Oats, 40 a 50 cts. "Western yellow corn, 62 a 63
cts. Philadelphia.— 'iiViAAVmg uplands and New Orleans
cotton, 19.\ a 20J cts. Superfine flour, $3.50 a $4.25;
extra, $4..5'0 a $5.50 ; finer brands, $6 a $10. Old white
wheat, $1.65 a $1.85 ; amber, $1.65 ; western red, $1.60
a $1.65 ; No. 2 spring, $1.42. Rye, 80 a 82 cts. Yel-
low corn, 62 cts. Oats, 39 a 46J cts. Baltimore. —
White corn, 70 a 72 cts. ; western mixed, 59 cts. Oats,
44 a 48 cts. CAiVapo.— No. 1 spring wheat, $1.24 ; No.
2 do., $1.19.V ; No. 3, $1.10i. Corn, .391 a 40 cts. No.
2 oats, 27i cts. Rye, 65 cts. Lard, 7f a 8 cts. St
Louis.— No. 2 amber red wheat, $1.45 ; No. 3 red, $1.30.
Corn, 37 a 38 cts. Oats, 29 a 29i cts. Lard, 7i cts.
Cincinnati.— FamWy flour, $6.60 a $6.75. Wheat, $1.30.
Corn, 46 a 49 cts. Lard, 8 a SJ cts.
FRIENDS' SELECT SCHOOLS.
The.se schools, under the care of the three Monthly
Meetings of Friends in this city, will re-open on
Second-day, Ninth mo. 1st, 1873. The Boys' School,
on Cherry St., above Eighth St., is under the care of
Zebedee Ilaines, as Principal. The Girls' School, on
Seventh St., below Race St., is under the care of
Margaret Lightfoot. There are also two Primary
Schools for the instruction of tho.se children wliu are
too young to attend the higher schools ; one of wliicli is
held in the Meeting-house at the corner of Sixth and
Noble streets, the other in the Boys' School building
on Cherry street.
The attention of Friends residing in this city and its
neighborhood is particularly invited to these .schools.
The terms are moderate, and by provisions recently
made for that purpose. Friends belonging to Philadel-
phia Yearly Meeting, sending children to these schools,
(also members) who may find the charges burdensome,
can be fully relieved. In the principal schools oppor-
tunities are afl'orded of obtaining a liberal education in
useful branches of Study, and in the Latin and tireck
languages. Facilities for illustration are attbrded by a
valuable collection of philo.sophical apparatus, minerals,
and Auzoux's models of parts of the human system, &c,
French is also taught in the Girls' school. In the
primary schools the children are well grounded in
studies of a more elementary character.
It is desirable that applications for admission of
children should be made early, and that parents re^
turning children to the schools should send them at the
beginning of the term.
Further information may be obtained upon applica-
tion to the Treasurer of the Committee,
James Smedley, No. 415 Market street.
RECEIPTS.
Received from Charles W. Roberts, Pa., per M. C. R.,
$2, vol. 47 ; from I.saac P. Wilbur, Mass., $2, vol. 47;
from Cornelia G. Graham, O., $2, vol. 47 ; from Jajie
DeCou, N. J., $2, vol. 47 ; from Daniel Smith, O., $2,
vol. 47 ; from Joel Harlan, Pa., $2, vol. 47 ; from John
D. Harrison, Pa., $2, vol. 47 ; from Stephen Hobson,
Agent, O., $2, vol. 47, and for John S. Fowler, Edwin
HoUingsworth, James Bowman, and Daniel M. Mott,
$2 each, vol. 47 ; from Thomas H. Whitson, Pa., $2,
vol. 47 ; from Deborah L. Walton, Pa., $2, vol. 47 ; from
D. J. Scott, Pa., $2, vol. 47, and for Ann Scott, $2, vol.
; from William Bettles, III., $2, vol. 47 ; from Daniel
Satterthwaite, N. J., $2, vol. 47, and for William Sat-
terthwaite and Samuel Satterthwaite, Mich., Daniel
Satterthwaite, N. Y'., and Reuben Satterthwaite, Del.,
$2 each, vol. 47; from Isaac Hall, Pa., $2, vol. 47, and
for Estlier A. Ellis, City, $2, vol.' 47; from Thomas
Conard, .■^gent. Pa., $2, vol. 47, and for Sarah C. Sat-
terthwaite and William Wickersham, $2 each, vol. 47 ;
from Henry W. Wills and Joshua S. Wills, N. J., $2
each, vol. 47 ; from Lydia Ann Hendrickson, N. J., $2,
vol. 47 ; from C. I. Hayes, O., $2, vol. 47, and for Amos
Fawcett, $2, vol. 47 ; from Hannah Stevenson, III., $2,
vol. 47 ; from Isaac Child, lo., $2, vol. 47 ; from Nicholas
D. Tripp, N. Y., $2, vol. 47; from Joshua Haight,
Agent, N. Y., $2, vol. 47, and for David Haight,
Humphrey S. Haight, Levi H. Atwater, Hibbard Fuller
and William Breckon, $2 each, vol. 47; from J. B.
Foster, R. I., $2, vol. 47 ; from Joseph Hall, Agent, lo.,
for John Thomas, Israel Heald, Jonathan Bundy, Isaac
Walker, Aaron Roberts, John Hirst, John Oliphant,
Joseph Armstrong, Lindley Heald, Abraham Cowgill,
and Thomas Heald, $2 each, vol. 47, for Samuel S.
Cowgill, $4..50, vols. 46 and 47, and for Joseph Wil.son,
111., 82, vol. 47 ; from Caleb Hoope.s, Pa., $2, vol. 47 ;
from Nathan B. Willits, N. .J., $2, vol. 47 ; from Jacob
Edge, Pa., $2, vol. 47 ; from Mary A. Chambers, Pa.
$2, vol. 47 ; from Charles Cooper, Pa., $2, vol. 47 ; from
Naome Gibbons, Pa., $2, vol. 47 ; from Martha Sankey,
Pa., S2, vol. 47 ; from Jonathan Chace, R. I., $2, vol.
47 ; from George Foster, L. I., $2, vol. 47, and for James
Willetts, $2, vol. 47, and H. V. Duryea, $2, to No. 32,
vol. 47; from .Joseph Scattergood, Jr., Agent, Pa., for
Ann Sheppard, Philena S. Y'arnall, Mary Ann Newlin,
Elizabeth S. 'Thomas, Morris S. Cope, and .Jane B.
Davis, $2 each, vol. 47, and for Susanna S. Thomas,
$2, to No. 31, vol. 48 ; from Zebedee Haines, N. J., $2,
vol. 47, and for Joshua L. Ilarmer, $2, vol. 47 ; from
Abram P. Rudolph, N. J., $2, vol. 47, and for Eunice
Mickle and Hannah G. Leeds, $2 each, vol. 47 ; from
Benjamin D. Stratton, Agent, O., $2, vol. 47, and for
Hannah Gilbert, Lindley M. Shaw, Uriah Price, Ed-
ward Y. Cope, Nathan B. Whinery, Josiah Cameron,
Rachel Harris, Christiana Kirk, Zaecheus Test, Albert
M. Cope, Joshua Coppock, Cyrus Brantingham, Lewis
B. Walker, Joshua Gilbert, Sarah S. Lupton, Chris-
topher Allen, Preston Beck, Ann Stanley, and Alfred
M. Brantingham, $2 each, vol. 47 ; from James Smedley,
City, $2, vol. 47, and for Sarah Haines, N. .J., Thomas
Y'arnall, and Thomas Smedlev, Pa., $2 each, vol. 47,
and William Web.ster, Pa., $2," to No. 11, vol. 48 ; from
Robert Miller, O., $2, vol. 47, and for Oliver Miller, $2,
vol. 47; from Friends' Boarding School, Mt. Pleasant,
O., per Barclay Stratton, $2, vol. 47 ; from Richard W.
Bacon, City, $2, vol. 47, and for Mary W. Bacon, N. J.,
$2, vol. 47 ; from David F. Knowles, Vt., per Robert
Knowles, $2, to No. 42, vol. 47 ; from Stephen H. Foster,
III., $2, vol. 47; from Gilbert Cope, Pa., $2, vol. 47,
and for Lucy Cope, $2, vol. 47 ; from Joseph W. Hibbs,
Pa., $2, vol. 47 ; from Juo. M. Saunders, N. J., $2,
vol. 47.
Remittances received after Fourth-da)/ morning will not
appear in the Receipts until the following week.
EVENING SCHOOLS FOR ADULT COLORED
PERSONS. I
Teachers are wanted for these schools, to be opened 1
about the first of Tenth month.
Application may be made to
Elton B. Giflbrd, 28 North Third St.
Ephraim Smith, 1013 Pine St.
James Bromley, 041 Franklin St.
Richard J. Allen, 472 North Third St.
HAVERFORD COLLEGE.
The Winter Term will commence 9th mo. 3rd, 1873.
Applications for admission may be made to
Samuel J. Gummere, Pres't.
Haverford College P. O., Montgomery Co.. Pa.
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE.
Near Frankfurd, (Twenty-third Ward,) Philadelphia.
Physician and Sui>erintendent — Joshua H. Wouth-
INOTON, M. D.
Applications for the Admission of Patients m,ay be
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Board of
Managers.
ERRATUM.— The Receipt in last week's issue from
Annabella Wynne, Ind., should be Annabella Lynde,
Ind.
FRIENDS' BOARDING SCHOOL FOR INDIAN
CHILDREN, TUNESASSA, NEW YORK.
A Friend and his wife are wanted to take charge of
this Institution, and to manage the farm connected with
it. A t&acher of the school will also be wanted at the
commencement of the Fall term.
Application may be made to
Ebene/.er Worth, Marshallton, Chester Co., Pa.
Joseph Scattergood, 413 Spruce St., Philada.
Aaron Sharpless, Street Road P. O., Chester
Co., Pa.
Thomas Wistar, Fox Chase P. O., Philada.
Died, on the 10th of Third month, 1873, at We.st-
town Boarding School, S.4.KA1I W. Moore, widow of
Calvin C. Moore, in the 57th year of her age. This
dear Friend had from early life been almost constantly
employed in the care and instruction of youth ; and for
nearly seven years past she was usefully and acceptably
engaged at the Institution where she died, first as a
teacher, and afterwards in the important station oi
Governess. She w.as an earnest and efficient teacher,
and felt a true interest in those under her care, en-,
deavoring by precept and example to guard them from
the evil that abounds in the world. Her last illness was
of about two weeks continuance, soon assuming an alarm-
ing character. Her bodily suffering was at times ex-
treme, and she also experienced much conflict of spirit,
having to labor, as she expressed it, for her own .soul
and that of her precious child. The prospect of leaving
him was a deep trial to her, but being enabled to im-
part to him much valuable counsel, she was favored tc
experience resignation to the Divine will. She waf
frequently engaged in supplication, and repeatedly said
that if she found acceptance at last " it would be all
through mercy, unmerited mercy." On the night ol
the 4th she several times appeared to be near her end;
but next morning, contrary to expectation, she revived
and was remarkably strengthened to speak to thosf
about her, having something to say to each of thf
teachers and to other members of the family. She also
sent messages of love to the girls (her pupils) and tc
many of her friends. " Tell the girls," she said, " thai
I hope they will try to do what they know to be right'
for they will all have to do what I am doing, leave thii
world." She added, " It is an awful thing to die." T('
the teachers she said, " There is no hiding anything ir
corners at such a time as this : every thing is broiigh
to light. I part with you in much love, much kind,
ness, much tenderness; and if I have done anything t(
hinder the growth of the good seed in any, I trust !
may be forgiven." After these interviews her mint
seemed like that of a little child, humble and redeemet
from earth. At one time she said, " I hope no one wil
hold me; I have no dread of death ; the sting of deatl
is taken away." Some encouraging passages of Scrip
ture being repeated to her, she said, " How preciou
those words of comfort." She bore all her sufl'ering
with mucli patience and Christian fortitude. Durin;
the last few days her strength continued steadily to de
cline, and she lay quiet and composed, patiently await
ing the solemn change. She quietly breathed her las
on the afternoon of the 10th of Third month. " Blessei
are the dead which die in the Lord, from henceforth
yea, saith the Spirit, that they may rest from thei
labors ; and their works do follow them." May th
labors of this dear Friend be blessed" to many of th
young persons on whom they were bestowed.
, at Moorestown, N. J., on the 23d of Fifth montli
1873, Sarah B. Eastburn, formerly of Buckingham
Bucks Co., Pa., in the 64th year of her age, a membe!
of Chester Monthly Meeting, N. J.
, at his residence, Parkersville, Chester Co., Pa
on the 15th of Seventh month, 1873, Willi.\m Housj
in the 81st year of his age, an esteemed member an
overseer of Kennet Monthly Meeting.
, on Fifth-day, Seventh mo. 31st, at his residenc
in .Johnstown, Pa., John Eldridge, aged 77 years,
member of Concord Monthly Meeting.
, Third-day, Eighth mo. 12th, at his residenc
East Goshen, Is.\ac G. Hoopes, aged 75 years, a men
ber of Goshen Monthly Meeting.
, at the residence of her son-in-law, .John J
Saunders, Woodbury, N. J., Eighth month 15th, 1S7
Bevlah Snowdon, widow of the late Miles Snowdo
of Philadelphia, deceased, in the 80th year of her ag
a member of Woodbury Monthly Meeting.
, on the 25th inst , at his residence in NewGard(
township, Chester Co., Pa., Paschall Cope, in tl
47th year of his age, a member of New Garden Month
and Particular Meeting.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL, ZLVII.
SEVEMTII-DAY, NINTH MONTH 0, 1873.
NO. 3,
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
Price Two Dollars per annum, if paid in advance. Two
dollars and fifty cents, if not paid in advance.
Subscriptions and Payments received by
JOHN S. STOKES,
AT NO. 116 NORTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS,
PHILADELPHIA.
Postage, when paid quarterly in advance, five cents.
"
For " Tlie Friend.'
Amusements.
Underthe above caption, Jonathan Dj'moud,
in bis "Essays on Morality," thus lays the
axe at the root of one of the most evil and
corrupting trees of our day — theatrical repre-
sentations and amusements. An evil which
being too much countenanced if not greatlj-
sanctioned by their elders, tends to lead the
young and inexjierienccd into the dreadful
3nare of vice and wickedness, almost before
they are aware.
Would that ministers throughout the length
and breadth of the land, with the good of
Bvery denomination, might see the deplorable
Fruits of this Bohun Upas tree, particularly
iipon the susceptible minds of young persons;
and turn the whole force of their influence
against an evil, the tendency of which so
wholly js to vitiate and corrupt. Drawing
little by little, more and more into destruc-
tion's wide and widening ways. Eeminding,
in its insidious workings, of the verse: —
" Vice is a monster of such hideous mien,
That to be hated needs but to be seen ;
But seen too oft, familiar with her face,
We first endure, then pity, then embrace."
Jonathan Dymond thus writes: — " It is a
i-cmarkable circumstance, that in almost all
christian countries many of the public and popu-
lar amusements have been regarded as objec-
tionable by the more sober and conscientious
part of the community. This opinion could
scarcely have been just : yet why should a
leople prefer amusements of which good men
feel themselves compelled to disapprove? Is
it because no public recreation can be devised
of which the evil is not greater than the good ?
or because the inclinations of most men are
such, that if it were devised, they would not
3DJoy it? It may bo feared that the desires
which are seeking for gratification are not
themselves pure ; and pure pleasures are not
congenial to impure minds. The real cause
of the objectionable nature of many popular
"diversions is to be sought in the want of virtue
in the people.
Amusement is confessedly a subordinate
concern in life. It is neither the principal
, Qor amongst the principal objects of proper
solicitude. No reasonable man sacrifices the
more important thing to the less, and that a
man's religious and moral condition is of in-
comparably greater importance than his diver-
sion, is sufficiently plain. In estimating the
propriety or i-ather the lawfulness of a given
amusement, it may safely be laid down, that
none is lawful of which the aggregate conse-
quences are injurious to morals; nor, if its
eflects upon the immediate agents are, in
general, morallj' bad : nor if it occasions need-
less pain and misery to men or to animals:
nor, lastly, if it occupies much time or is at-
tended with much expense. Respecting all
amusements, the question is not whether in
their simple or theoretical character, they are
defensible, but whether they are defensible in
their actually existing state.
The Drama. — So that if a person, by way
of showing the propriety' of theatrical exhibi-
tions, should ask whether there was any harm
in a man's representing a composition bel'ore
others and accompanying it with ap])ropriate
gestures — he would ask a VQvy foolish ques-
tion : because he would ask a question that
possesses little or no relevancy to the subject.
What are the ordinary eft'ects of the stage
upon those who act on it ? One and one only
answer can be given — that whatever happy
exceptions there may be, the effect is bad ; —
that the moral and religious character of
actors is lower than that of persons in other
professions. ' It is an undeniable fact,' says
Wilberforce in his Practical View, 'for the
truth of which we may safely appeal to every
age and nation, that the situation of per-
formers, particularly of those of the female
sex, is remarkably unfavorable to the main-
tenance and growth of the religious and moral
principle, and of course highly dangerous to
their eternal interests.'
Therefore, if I take my seat in the theatre,
I have paid three or five shillings as an in-
ducement to a number of persons to subject
their principles to extreme danger ; and the
defence which I make is, that I am amused
by it. Now, we atiirm that this defence is
invalid ; that it is a defence which reason pro-
nounces to be absurd, and morality to be
vicious. Yet I have no other to make; it is
the sum total of my justification.
But this, which is sufficient to decide the
morality of the question, is not the only nor
the chief part of the evil. The evil which is
suffered by performers may bo more intense,
but upon spectators and others it is more ex-
tended. The night of a play is the harvest
time of iniquity, where the profligate and the
sensual put it their sickles and reap. It is to
no purpose to say that a man may go to a
theatre, or parade a saloon without taking
part in the surrounding licentiousness. All
who are there promote the licentiousness, for
if none were there, there would be no licen-
tiousness; that is to say, if none purchased
tickets there would be neither actoi's to bo
depraved nor dramas to vitiate, nor saloons
to degrade and corrupt, and shock us. The
whole question of the lawfulness of the dra-
matic amusements, as they are ordinarily
conducted, is resolved into a very simple
thing: — After the doors on any given night
are closed, have the virtuous or the f/t'/oK.s dis-
positions of the attenders been in the greater
degree promoted ? Every one knows that the
balance is on the side of vice, and this con-
clusively decides the question — ' Is it lawful
to attend?'
The same question is to bo asked, and the
same answer I believe will be returned, re-
specting various other assemblies for the pur-
poses of amusement. They do more harm
than good. They please, but thoy injure us ;
and what makes the case still stronger is, that
the pleasure is frequently such as ought not
to be enjoyed. A tipj)ler enjoys pleasure iu
becoming drunk, but he is not to allege the
gratification as a set-off against the immor-
ality. And so it is with no small portion of
the pleasures of an assembly. Dispositions are
gratified which it were wiser to thwart; and,
to speak the truth, if the dispositions of the
mind were such as they ought to be, many of
these modes of diversion would be neither
relished nor resorted to. Some persons try
to persuade themselves that charity forms a
part of their motive in attending such places ;
as when the profits of the night are given to
a benevolent institution. They hope, I sup-
pose, that though it would not be quite right
to go if benevolence were not a gainer, "yet
that the end wari'ants the means. But if
these persons are charitable, let them give
their guinea without deducting half for pur-
poses of questionable propriety. Eoligious
amusements, such as oratorios and the like,
form one of those artifices of chicanery by
which people cheat, or try to cheat, them-
selves. The music, say they, is sacred, is de-
votional ; and we go to hear it as we go to
church : it excites and animates our religious
sensibilities. This, in spite of the solemnity
of the association, is really ludicrous. These
scenes subserve religion no more than they
subserve chomistrj'. They do not increase
its power any more than the power of the
steam-engine. As it respects Christianity, it
is all imposition and fiction ; and it is unfor-
tunate that some of the most solemn topics of
our religion are brought into such unworthy
and debasing alliance."
Tiiere are in Europe at the present time
1507 theatres. Italy, with a population of
26,000, 000, supports 348; France, with 26, 000,-
000 inhabitants, has 337, and Spain, with 16,-
000,000, has 160. On the other hand, the
Empire of Germany, which now reckons 41,-
000,000 subjects, has but 191 theatres, and
the Empire of Austria 152, for a population of
36,000,000 ; finally, Great Britain supports
only 150 theatres, and Eussia 44, although its
population amounts to 70,000,000. These
figures show a remarkable preponderance of
the dramatic instinct in the Latin races.
18
THE FRIEND.
Tbe Sand Wasps on the Amazon.
Whilst resting in the shade during the great
heat of the early hours of afternoon, I used to
find amusement in watching the proceedings
of the sand-wasps. A small pale green kind
of Bembex (Bembex ciliata), was plentiful
near the bay of Mapiri. "When they are at
work, a number of little jets of sand are seen
shooting over the surface of the sloping bank.
The little minors excavate with their fore feet,
which are strongly built and furnished with
a fringe of stiff bristles ; they work with won-
derful rapidity, and the sand thrown out be-
neath their bodies issues in continuous streams.
They are solitary wasps, each female working
on her own account. After making a gallerj-
two or three inches in length in a slanting
direction from the surface, the owner backs
out and takes a few turns round the orifice
apparently to see whether it is well made, but
in reality, I believe, to take note of the locality,
that she may find it again. This done, the
busy workwoman flies away ; but returns,
after an absence varying in different cases
from a few minutes to an hour or more, with
a fly in her grasp, with which she re-enters
her mine. On again emerging, the entrance
is carefully closed with sand. During this in-
terval she has laid an egg on the body of the
fly which she had previously benumbed with
her sting, and which is to serve as food for
the soft, footless grub soon to be hatched from
the egg. From what I could make out, the
Bembex makes a fresh excavation for every
egg to be deposited ; at least in two or three
of the galleries which I opened there was only
one fly enclosed.
I have said that the Bembex on leaving her
mine took note of the locality : this seemed to
be the explanation of the short delay previous
to her taking flight; on rising in the air also
the insects generally flew round over the place
before making straight off. Another nearly
allied but much larger species, the Monedula
signata, whose habits I observed on the banks
of the Upper Amazons, sometimes excavates
its mine solitarily on sand-banks recently laid
bare in the middle of the river, and closes the
orifice before going in search of prey. In these
cases the insect has to make a journeys of at
least half a mile to procure the kind of fly,
the Motiica (lladails lepidotusj, with which
it provisions its cell. I often noticed it to
take a few turns in the air round the place
before starting ; on its return it made without
hesitation straight for the closed mouth of the
mine. I was convinced that the insects noted
the bearings of their nests and the direction
they took in flying from them. The proceed-
ing in this and similar cases (I have read of
something analogous having been noticed in
hive bees) seems to be a mental act of the
same nature as that which takes places in
ourselves when recognising a locality. The
senses, however, must be immeasurably more
keen and the mental operation much more
certain in them than it is in man ; for to my
eye there was absolutely no land-mark on the
even surface of sand which could serve as
guide, and the borders of the forest were not
nearer than half a mile. The action of the
wasp would bo said to be instinctive ; but it
seems plain that the instinct is no mysterious
and unintelligible agent, but a mental process
in each individual, dift'ering from the same in
man only by its unerring certainty. The
mind of the insect appears to be so constituted
that the impression of external objects or the
want felt, causes it to act with a precision
which seems to us like that of a machine con-
structed to move in a certain given way. I
have noticed in Indian boys a sense of locality
almost as keen as that possessed by the sand-
wasp. An old Portuguese and myself, ac
companied by a j-oung lad about ten years of
age, were once lost in the forest in a most
solitary place on the banks of the main river.
Our case seemed hopeless, and it did not, for
some time occur to us to consult our little com-
panion, who had been playing with his bow
and arrow all the way whilst we were hunt-
ing, apparently taking no note of the route.
When asked, however, he pointed out, in a
moment, the right direction of our canoe. He
could not explain how he knew ; I believe he
had noted the course we had taken almost
unconsciously : the sense of locality in his ease
seemed instinctive.
The Monedula signata is a good friend to
travellers in those parts of the Amazons which
are infested with the blood-thirsty Motiica.
I first noticed its habit of preying on this Qy
one da}^ when we landed to make our fire and
dine on the borders of the forest adjoining a
sand-bank. The insect is as large as a hornet,
and has a most waspish appearance. I was
rather startled when one out of the flock which
was hovering about us flew straight at my
face : it had espied a Motiica on my neck and
was thus pouncing upon it. It seizes the flj-
not with its mandibles but with its fore and
middle feet, and carries it off tightly held to
its breast. Wherever the traveller lauds on
the Upper Amazons in the neighborhood of
a sand-bank he is sure to be attended by one
or more of these useful vermin-killers. — Bates'
Ainazon.
For "The Friend."
Funerals.
When our friends and relatives have been
removed from our midst, and we feel that the
places which have known them shall know
them no more, the circumstance is calculated
to awaken serious feelings in our minds. The
necessity imposed upon us by the natural laws
impressed on all inanimate matter, compels
us to remove from sight the form from which
the vital principle has departed, and place it
where it may be restored to its original ele-
ments, and be '' a brother to the insensate
clod, which the rude swain turns with his
share, and treads upon," without shocking the
sensibilities, and injuring the health of the
living, by the inevitable accompaniments of
decay.
In doing this, various customs have been
practised and still exist among different na-
tions and people, such as burning, embalming
and exposure to the elements, but much the
most prevalent and rational one is that which
obtains in all civilized countries — of burying
the lifeless body. The ceremonies attendant
upon this are often accompanied by an un-
reasonable amount of expense and show, which
are jjrompted by the affection of survivors, or
by ostentation and other inferior motives. To
my mind, the simple and solemn custom of
the Society of Friends, is peculiarly appro-
priate and impressive. Many such occasions
rise up to mental view, and especially one of
a funeral in a country neighborhood. As the
hour for assembling drew near, the carriages
might be seen coming by the diflerent roads
that led to the late residence of the deceased
friend. The members of his own meeting,
the relatives and family connexions, and the
many friends who loved and esteemed him in
life, and who were desirous of showing this
last token of respect, formed a numerous as-
semblage. To accommodate these, the various
rooms in the house were well provided with
chairs and seats ; and as the weather was
pleasant, boards placed on baskets or other
supports in the open air, under the shade of
the surrounding trees, furnished a resting
place for those whom the house could not con-
tain. As I entered the room in which the
coffin was placed, in which lay all that re-
mained of one whom I had long known and
valued, I found it already nearly filled by
earlier comers who were quietly seated. I
gazed upon the placid features, from which
had faded away all traces of the struj^gles and
suffering pertaining to the last conflict of ex-
piring nature ; remembered the honest zeal
with which our departed friend maintained
the doctrines and testimonies of the Society
to which he belonged, and to which the ex-
perience and convictions of a long life had
confirmed his attachment ; called to mind his
care to watch over the flock for good, and to
strengthen by words of counsel and cheer, the
drooping spirits of those on whom rested the
burthen of preaching the gospel to others ;
and partook of that solemnity which is natur-
ally produced by being thus brought into con-
tact, as it were, with death ; and shared also
in the consoling lielief that he who was about
to be removed from our sight had died the
death of the righteous. Group after group
enter the house. Those in attendance, with
noiseless step and quiet whisper, direct them
to the room in which is placed the lifeless
form, and then find them seats as best they
can. All seem desirous not to break the sacred
quiet, or disturb the solemnity which rests on
the gathered assembly. If one inadvertently
speaks in an ordinary tone of conversation, it
jars on the ears of all, as irreverent or out of
season.
Thus sitting in silence, the presence of God
is felt to be near, and we realize the truth of
the language uttered by a dear friend now
gathered to his heavenly home : "How solemn,
how awful is the feeling when Divine good-
ness is pleased to spread the canopy of His
love over us." Mingled with this solemnity
is a feeling of comfort and satisfaction on our
own account. We rejoice in humble thank-
fulness that we are permitted once more to
partake of this evidence of Heavenly regard,
and to know that we are mercifully remem-
bered by our common Father.
As the hour passes on, the silence is broken
by the voice of one who in affectionate lan-
guage bears testimony to the virtues of the
deceased, to his upright defence of the Truth,
and to his tender and judicious encouragement
of all that was good, as he was enabled by
that Divine power, through submission to
which he was qualified to become a useful
servant in the church. Those still remaining
in this state of preparation are tenderly en-
couraged and exhorted so to live that when
the final summons comes to them, they may
be prepared to join that company whose sins
have gone beforehand to judgment, and who,
have been washed and purified, and prepared'
for admission into the enjoyments of Heaven.
In some parts of the country, it is a frequent
practice, after the coffin has been lowered into
the grave, for the company to retire into the
adjoining meeting-house, and there endeavor
I
THE FRIEND.
19
0 feel together. It is much to be desired that
his good custom slioukl continue. It affords
111 opportunity for the relief of the minds of
hi)se who may be loaded with a concern for
he spiritual benefit of the company about
hem, which they could not otherwise salis-
hitorily obtain. The arrangements of dwel-
iiiij-houses are generally such, that a vocal
"sercise of the kind can only be heard by a
mrtion of those for whom the concern is felt,
—and in the grave-j-ard, the voice, unless un-
isiially loud, becomes inaudible to those at a
iillo distance; and the fatigue caused by
standing long, and the exposure to those in
Iflieate health, prevent the service from being
IS satisfactory as it otherwise might.
I u the memorial preserved of Thomas Carara,
\\\iO was one of the early worthies in our So-
■ietj-, and finished his earthlj- course in the
year 1707, there is this notice of his funeral :
"The corpse being interred, all, or most
that were there, drew into the meeting-house,
and had a precious, edifying season together,
the powerful living presence of the Lord, in
an eminent manner overshadowing the assem-
bly, to the tendering and affecting many
hearts. Divers testimonies were then borne,
to the sufficiency of that universal principle
of divine light and grace, which is given to be
a teacher and a leader to all mankind, and is
become the teacher and leader of all those who
are willing to be taught and led by it. But
it is, and will be, the condemnation of all
those who are disobedient to, and rebel against
it, while they continue in that state. Also
divers testimonies were borne concerning this
our dear friend, deceased, as to his faithful
ness, care and labor of love in serving God's
heritage ; as also with respect to the many
trials, travels and deep exercises that he had
faithfully gone through in his day and time,
upon truth's account; all which he was en-
abled to perform and go through by the power
and assistance of that divine grace and Holy
Spirit of God, which he still accounted his
buckler and his shield, his bow and his battle-
axe, and by and through which he was what
he was, and to which alone and not to him
as man, the praise and glory of all was at-
tributed.
So Friends having cleared themselves of
what was on their minds, the meeting broke
up, and Friends parted, with hearts deeply
affected, and filled with the love and goodness
of God, which had been plentifully shed abroad
amongst them that day; praises, honor and
glory over all, be given unto God, and to the
Lamb, who sits with Him upon the throne
■who is worthy for ever, and for evermore."
Has it not sometimes been the case, that
exercised servants, who have felt the pressure
of concern, have gone home with burthened
minds, because they did not rise above the
feeling of discouragement, and in the exercise
of that faith which can remove mountains,
take the necessary steps for the holding of
such meetings?
And truly, the reason why we may not call
the Scriptures the "Word of God, (to speak
properly is) that people may be directed to
the inward living Word ; for by their being
so much called the Avord of God, they have
been put in Christ's stead, and have been set
up as an idol, instead of that from whence
' they came ; so that, to avoid this hazard, we
have put them in their due place. — Barclay.
From tho •' riuladi'l;ihl.i Ev.iilug Hulk-tin."
Colorado. — The American Alps.
Colorado Springs, .July '29th, 1873.
Editor of the Evening Bulletin : — "We have
been here three weeks, and propose to pass a
few more in this interesting region. We are
five and a half miles from the Springs proper,
which are situated at Manitou, at the foot of
Pike's Peak. Our situation is a very pleasant
one, in a largo room, with four windows to
receive every breeze that blows, two of these
windows opening to the floor, with their as-
pect Pike's Peakward, so that as we sit at our
writing table or lounge away the pleasant
hours, this mighty stone pile is always in
view, always challenging our admiration. As
to elevation, we are ourselves 5,975 feet above
the level of the sea, the general level of the
mountain range which bounds our view to the
west is 12,000 feet, while Pike's, the loftiest
summit in sight, rises, according to accepted
admeasurements, to the height of 14,336 feet,
or within a few hundred of that of Mt. Blanc.
We have gazed upon upwards of 200 miles of
this stupendous mountain wall, have seen the
grandest portion of it in every aspect the sum-
mer permits, in calm and in storm ; glowing
under the intense rays of the burning sun ;
flecked with cloud-shadows; robed in drapery
of snowy cumulus, and shrouded in the gloom
of the tempest, and anon illuminated by the
glare of the summer lightning. Its morning
purple and rose tints, its noonday brilliance,
and its evening blue and dun are all pleasing,
but with its grandeur and beauty of coloring,
the scene does not satisfy, as did the aspect
of Mont Blanc. In the vale of Chamounix I
stood nearly three thousand feet lower, and
looked upon a summit robed in perpetual snow,
and upon the mountain slope adorned by
glaciers that seemed like rivers of snow cours-
ing adown its sides. The mighty black aiguil-
lies, those stupendous granite columns rising
fourteen thousand feet and upwards, and
piercing the heavens, are absent from this
western scene, and I have not been impressed
as I was in Europe when, in my youth and
more callow and sensitive. I wandered among
scenes that must continue to bear the palm
among the accessible high places of the earth.
Pike's Peak is not difficult of ascent by good
climbers, but we do not propose to attempt it.
The cold by night is intense upon the summit
or within 3 hour's climb (2 miles), and parties
have reported 40 degrees below zero. The
ascent is made in the afternoon, and the night
is passed 2 miles from the sumiuit. The climb
to the top is made before sunrise, when one of
the grandest spectacles is presented, as the
sun's rays illumine peak after peak for hun-
dreds of miles, away and away ! We have
been as much impressed by the majesty of the
Cheyenne Caiion as by any other scene. The
entrance is about five miles from Colorado
Springs, and is by a magnificent portal, whose
bright red sides tower hundreds of feet above
us, chiseled by the untiring hand of time into
rugged beauty, and constantly changing in
appearance with the var3'ing lights and shades.
On one side is the whole bulk of the great
Cheyenne Mountain itself, which presents the
appearance on the east of a monstrous sleep-
ing buffalo cow, 15 miles or more in length and
a mile and upwards in height. The head, the
nostril, the ears, the neck, abdomen and hip
are all plainly presented to those who can
readily catch resemblances and are endowed
presents a vast amphitheatre bounded by
rocky walls between one and two thousand
feet in height, of bare red masses broken into
columns or spires and domes, presenting a
scene of extraordinary beauty and often tor-
ibly sublime. A brawling stream flows and
dashes among the boulders, and is crossed
about twenty times before wo reach the cas-
cade which bounds the passage to ordinary
visitors. This cascade, of 50 or GO feet in all,
pours adown the face of tho nearly perpen-
dicular rock by three distinct leaps in rapid
succession alternately in opposite directions,
the last in a horizontal sheet which strikes
tho wall and is scattered in all directions and
falls into the pool below. Ono of the most
interesting sections of this caiion is at tho
" Pillars of Hercules," where tho creek runs
between two enormous precipices, estimated
to be more than 2,000 feet in height, yet
scarcely a stone's throw apart.
Among the scenes most interesting and
amusing, apart from mountains, is tho Monu-
mental Park and its strange groups of statues
and obelisks, where ono might readily imagine
one's self in some vast cemetery filletl with
monuments of a departed race. Distributed
principally upon the sand-stone blurts enclos-
ing the park, these mimic sepulchral sculp-
tures stand up amongst the sombre pines in
almost every conceivable varietj' of form.
Truncated columns, shafts, cones, pedestaled
statues, plain horizontal tablets, and royal
sarcophage are among these strange imita-
tions of human handiwork. Many of these
columns and statuesque forms are almost as
regular as if turned in a lathe ; some appear
to have a spiral line running around them
from base to capital. These monuments are
composed of a rather coarse conglomerate of
quartz, ore, pebbles, gneiss, &c., loosely cement-
ed by a matrix of clay and red oxide of iron.
Nearly all of them are surmounted by a pro-
jecting capital of darker color and harder tex-
ture and richer in iron. To this wide capital,
which forms what may be taken for busts,
covering many of the statues, much of the
oddity of the resemblances to the human form
must be ascribed. But tho most interesting
aspect of these monuments is that which as-
cribes their formation to the sand-blast. The
hard capping of iron stone once doubtless ex-
tended over the entire area, has boon cracked
over its surface, and the softer material below,
thus exposed to the action of the weather, has
become broken into separate masses. After
this began the symmetrical shaping, which it
is inconceivable could have been formed by
any other process than that of a chisel, in the
hands of that skilful and impetuous turner,
the Wind. The most delicate lines are curved
around in curves in a manner that no agency
but that of a cutting edge of silex could effect.
The spiral lines above referred to do not, I
think, extend entirely around the column, but
have received their direction from the slope
of tho surface of the earth on which they
stand, which rapidly rises upwards to their
very base on the windward side. The process
of cutting can sometimes be seen, and a hole
several feet deep, and of sufficient diameter to
admit one's arm, has been bored in a few
seconds by a spiral current which rose on a
comparatively calm day, and that into the
face of a Colorado sand bluft'. Parties stopping
at a settlor's cabin during tho rage of one of
the mountain whirlwinds were surprised to
with an active imagination. The caiion soon 'find that the window panes were, after a few
20
THE FRIEND.
minutes' revolution of the storm of sand, left
as perfectly opaque and as uniformly ground
as a piece of ground glass could be made by
their manufacturer ! Undoubtedly the sand
blast has been the agent in rounding, and or-
namenting these strange objects, which must
continue to be the admiration and wonder of
scientific and non-scientific observers. One of
the most singular and grotesque groups among
hundreds that occur is what has, by a photo-
grapher here, been termed the " Dutch Wed-
ding," a 25retty good view of M'hich I send
thee.
I have said nothing of Glen Eyrie and its
wonderful masses of towering white rocks,
cathedral-like, and hills of gypsum, or the low,
flat-topped mesas which line the foot of the
mountain range, and composed of gravel worn
from its side, are undoubtedly the" remains or
debris left at the foot of the melting glaciers
which once jjlowed these mighty mountain
slopes. I have not said a word of Manitou
and its wonderful cluster of springs, some
boiling or appearing to boil, with escaping
carbonic acid gas and rich in salts; others
quiet, chalybeate and tonic. A very large
hotel at Manitou is fully occupied b}^ guests
at $28 per week, many of whom are swilling
the waters until, a sarcastic wit remarks, thei^
back teeth are continually afloat ! Many are
benefitted by drinking the cold and bathing
in the water warmed artificially. Among
others is Senator Morton, Avith whom we be-
came acquainted on our way hither, and who
is, or was, greatly paralyzed in his lower
limbs, but has been enabled to walk without
his cane after two weeks bathing, &c., as above.
The soda springs present a draft of soda-water
almost rivaling that of the druggist, without
the syrup and cream. There are hereabout
numerous objects of interest yet unexplored
by us or by others. We ride now almost
daily over roads that cannot be surpassed for
smoothness or hardness, and yet perfectly
natural highways over the plains. We are
reveling in the color of the mountains, in the
delightsome breezes and the perfect roads.
But enough, it is an endless theme 1 I think
I am improving in health. Professor Cope is
prospecting for fossils with good success in
Northern Colorado, and will soon come nearer
to us, when perhaps I may join him. L.
GATHERED.
"Thou slialt come to thy grave
shock of corn cometh in its season.'
Original.
a full age, like a
Job V. x.xvi.
As a shock of corn cornea in its season,
Fully ripe, so was he gathered. He fill'd
The measure of his days on earth, and now
Has entered on that endless da_y, — the d.ay
That fades not out ; but, ever bright and i'air
Shines on the ransomed, and on the redeemed.
Weep not for him : for sorrow is not his !
His work was done, and like the truly wise
Has gone to rest. The church will feel his loss.
On Zion's walls a watchman ; and the first
To sound the enemy's approacli : — tlie last
To leave the work. Zealous he was for truth —
Bold to proclaim it; but the life he led
Spake louder than his words, and, was indeed
Most beautiful.
" The fathers where are they,
And do the prophets ever live ?" All ye
In whom this Query may arise, so live
As they have lived, and their footsteps follow :
Following on to know the Lord ; and He
Will lead you in that narrow way in which
Eternal life alone is found ; and peace
And endless joy.
AVAYFARERS.
The way is long, my daughter,
The road is rough and steep.
And fast across the evening sky
I see the shadows sweep.
But oh ! my love, my darling,
No ill to us can come.
No terror turn us from the path,
For we are going home.
Thy feet are tired, my daughter —
So tired, thy tender feet ;
But think, when we are there at last,
How sweet the rest ! how sweet I
For lo ! the lamps are lighted,
And yonder gleaming dome,
Before us, shining like a star.
Shall guide our footsteps home.
We've lost the flowers we gathered
So early in the morn,
And on we go, with empty hands
And garments soiled and worn.
But oh ! the dear All-Father
Will out to meet us come.
And fairer flowers and whiter robes
There wait for us at home !
Thou art cold, my love, and famished !
Thou art faint and sore athirst !
Be patient yet a little while,
And joyous as at first;
For oh I the sun sets never
Within that land of bloom.
And thou shalt eat the bread of life
And drink life's wine at home.
The wind blows cold, ray daughter,
Adown the mountain steep.
And thick arro.ss the evening sky
The darkning shadows creep;
But oh ! ray love, press onward,
Whatever trials come.
For in the way the Father set.
We two are going home.
Haddonfield, N. J., Sth mo. LSth, 1S73.
K.
The Heat of the J/bon.— The Earl of Eosse
has shown by experiments that the moon not
only reflects heat to the earth (which, of
course, must be the case), but that she gives
out heat by which she has been herself warm-
ed. The distinction may not perhaps appear
clear at first sight to every reader, but it may
easily be explained and illustrated. If on a
brightsummer'sday we take apiece of smooth,
but not too well polished metal, and by means
of it reflect the sun's light upon the face, a
sensation of heat will be experienced ; this is
reflected sun heat; but if we wait while so
holding the metal until the plate has become
quite hot under the solar rays we shall recoo--
nize a sensation of heat from the near prox-
imity of the plate to the face, even when
the plate is so held as not to reflect sun-heat.
We can in succession tiy, first, reflected heat
alone, before the metal has grown hot; next,
the heat which the metal gives out of itself
when warmed by the sun's rays ; and lastly,
the two kinds of heat together, when the
metal is caused to reflect sun-heat, and also
(being held near the face) to give out a sensi-
ble quantity of its own warmth. What Lord
Rosse has done has been to show that the full
moon sends earthwards both kinds of heat;
she reflects solar heat just as she reflects solar
light, and she also gives out the heat by which
her own surface has been warmed.
It may perhaps occur to the reader, to in-
quire how much heat we actually obtain from
the full moon. There isa simple way of view-
ing the matter. If the full moon were exactly
as hot as boiling water, we should receive from
her just as much heat (leaving the effect of
our atmosphere out of account) as we should
receive from a small globe as hot as boiling
water, and at such a distance as to look just
as large as the moon does. Or a disk of metal
would serve equally well. Now, the experiment
may be easily tried. A bronze half-penny is
exactly one inch in diameter, and as the i
moon's average distance is about 111 times i
her own diameter, a halfpenny at a distance
of 111 inches, or three yards and three inches,
looks just as large as the moon. Now let a
halfpenny be put in boiling water for awhile, i
so that it becomes as hot as the water; then '
that coin taken quickly and set three yards
from the observer will give out, for the few
moments that its heat remains appreciably
that of boiling water, as much heat to the
observer as he receives from the full moon, ■
supposed to bo as hot as boiling water. Or a
globe of thin metal, an inch in diameter and
full of water at boiling heat, would serve as a
more constant artificial moon in respect of
heat supply. It need not be thought remark- ;
able, then, if the heat given out by the full ■
moon is not easily measured, or even recog-
nized. Imagine how little the cold of a win-
ter's day would be relieved by the presence,
in a room not otherwise warmed, of a one
inch globe of boiling w-iter, three yards away I
And, by the way, we are here reminded of an
estimate b}' Prof C. P.Smyth, resulting from
observations made on the moon's heat during
his Teneriffe experiments. He found the heat '
equal to that emitted by the hand at a dis-
tance of three feet. — The Spectator.
I honestly believe, that one chief reason for
the fewness of conversions to Christ is, that
there is so little preaching for Christ in the
daily lives of his professed disciples, and such
a fearful amount of direct preaching against
him. Actions speak louder than words. The
bad sermons of the life, are an over-match for
the best sermons from the lips. The most
faithful and eloquent preaching in the pulpit
fails to win those who are disgusted and re-
pelled by the unworthy, inconsistent con-
duet of those who claim to be Christ's repre-
sentatives. Who supposes that if all the gos-
pel proclaimed on the Sabbath was re-enforced
by the eloquence of beautiful and exemplary,
and useful, and holy lives, so few souls would
be converted in our congregations ?
The simple fact is, that every professor
of Christianity, every church member, is a
preacher, whether he knows it or not. Every
life is a sermon. Some church-members find
their texts in the shop or the stock-market;
and they preach (by their practice) that the
chief end of life is to make money. They
make more converts to mammon than to
Christ. Others preach the gospel of fashion
and self-indulgence. What matters it that
the eighth commandment is solemnly enforc-
ed from the pulpit, if those who represent
Christ to the world, are over-reaching their
unconverted neighbors in business during the
week ? What Christians do when outside of
the sanctuary, influences more characters and
moulds more eternal destinies than what any •
one Christian can say when inside of the
sanctuary, even though he were a Paul in
eloquence.
Eemomber, my brother preacher, that a
Christ-like life, is the mightiest human influ-
ence to attract souls to God. The most unan-
swerable argument against the subtle skepti-
cism of the day, is the living Christian. To-
day this world's sorest want is, more Christ-
like men and women. The preaching it needs
THE FRIEND.
21
not only the precept but the practice of a
ire heaven-born piety. A worldly, tashion-
,vin<', covetous, cowardly church will never
we men. But a church of livins; disciples,
hose hearts have been cleansed by atomnc;
lood, and whose lives are made beautilul by
iwar'd conflict and secret prayer, and made
oquent by noble, holy deeds-these are the
reachers who shall win this wicked world to
esus Their voice is a trumpet. Their in-
uence is a salt. Their example is a light
lut to be such preachers of Christ, we all
eed the ordination and the baptism of the
[oly Spirit.— T. L. Cuyler.
For "Tho Frii'ud"
John Heald.
CCcDtiQued from page 12.)
" 6th mo. 18th, 1815. The First-day of the
eek We were at a meeting at Taunton. It
,'a.s large, and but few Friends. It was not
)Dc untU I engaged in testimony, stating how
atPsfied good old Simeon was when he came
ato the temple and saw the Divine Master.
le said, " Now lettest thou thy servant de-
,art in peace, for my eyes have seen thy sal-
•ation, which thou hast prepared before the
ace of all people." I believed that man}- in
he present day were seeking for an aequaint-
,nce with that which would satisfy, and are
ayino- in effect, '• who shall show us any
,ood'^a humble enquiry made with earnest
'oHcitude to obtain the craving desire of the
,onl. Many discouragements are thrown in
,he way of'these poor tried ones, whose wel-
are and prosperity I craved. I was much
snlarged and favored, as 1 believe, to spread
jncouragement among them ; and hope I was
ihankful for the mercies conferred.
Not feeling clear without having a meeting
it Foxborough. and notice having been given,
I considerable meeting was had, and I was
sneaged in lengthy testimony, holding out the
miversality of the love of God to the children
)f men, and the necessity of Divine aid to do
the great and momentous work, for wo are
Qot merely to sit still and not do anything.
[n this situation we should not comply with
the apostle's direction, to give all diligence to
make our calling and election sure.
25th. Being First-day we attended the
meeting at Melford. Notice being given,
many came in (the members of Society being
few) and nearly filled the house. They
had to me the appearance of little religion
among them, but considerably dressy. 1 felt
shut up for a considerable time, but at length
I believed I might say, how should a faithful
servant demean himself? I believe we shall
find that a faithful servant must not go and
do what he himself may desire. It is neces-
sary that the master should direct what shall
be done, and that the servant attend to the
master's direction ; but if he should go to doing
what he himself might desire, how likely is
he to do something that the master did not
design should be done ! I passed on from one
thing to another, until I had said much. It
•was a solemn time.
27th. We were at Oblong Meeting, which
was large, and many of the people I appre-
hended settled into an easy state, and waiting
for a testimony from me. I at length said,
it may be that I do not know the state of this
meeting, but I think I know the exercise of
my own mind ; and I believe that at such
times many lose precious time, and do not
improve as they might.
29th. We were at Apoquage. It was ex-
ceedingly trying for some time, but I found
way open, and said, the horse-leech has tvyo
daughters, crying give, give. There is a dis-
position that desires to have more and more
of the bounties of Heaven, even desiring that
Ileavcn'.s bountiful hand should be opened
wide to supply all wants as they occur. But
do suitable returns take place? Are we de-
sirous of receiving bounties, without feeling
gratitude for the same ? The pious mind can-
not but glow with gratitude for favors re-
ceived. The meeting I thought ended com
fortably. Accompanied by Daniel C^iimby
we went to Enoch Dorian's and lodged near
to a meeting called Beekman.
30th. Attended the same. My mind was
led to consider or view a situation where it
would be suitable to put a good building,
but there was a building on the spot, and
there was no other place to put a good one,
and the one already there was insufficient,
so it must be removed out of the way in
the first place. I soon began with stating
that in scientific knowledge there is a great
difference between theory and practice, and
so there is in religion a wide difference be-
tween opinion and practice. After I had said
considerable, Daniel took the subject, and was
favored to set it close home, and concluded
the meeting in supplication."
The distinction here referred to between
theoretical and practical religion, is one to
which frequent reference is made in the re-
cords that have been preserved of the Chris-
tian experiences of our early Friends, and of
other truly enlightened minds. We may by
reading and study, build up for ourselves an
apparently goodly edifice of religious doctrine,
and may even indulge our self-esteem by think-
ing we can expound the Scriptures of Truth,
and sit in the seat of judgment deciding upon
the correctness or error of the views of others ;
and yet we may have had but little experi-
mental knowledge in ourselves. But when
through humble obedience to the light of
Christ, we come to have the true force and
meaning of religious truth impressed on the
heart, we find that our fancied knowledge
was very superficial and inadequate. William
Penn, speaking of many profes.-^ing Christians
in his day, saj's ; "Though they held the no-
tions of Truth, it was not in the precious ex-
perimental sense of the holy virtue and life
of it. For the Lord's coming in spirit, with-
out sin, to the salvation of the soul, is to be
waited for; that people may truly know Ilim
and His work, and from thence speak forth
His praise to others ; rather than profess the
enjoyments of other saints, which have been
obtained through great tribulations, while
they have never known this iti themselves, and
so, can have no true sense of an acceptable
sacrifice of God's preparing."
William Penn bears this testimony to his
father-in-law, Isaac Penington. "Though
he was advanced above many in his know-
ledo-e of scripture, and had formerly received
many heavenly openings of Truth's myste-
ries ; yet, did the Lord's way of appearance
disappoint his expectation. And when the
liirht broke forth in his heart, which his sin-
cerity longed for, he found in himself a great
mixture ; and that he had much to lose and
part with, before he could become that bless-
ed little child, that new and heavenly birth,
which inherits the kingdom of God. With an
humble and broken spirit, he fell before this
holy appearance of Jesus,— that true light of
men, whose power and life he felt revealed
within him, to the saving of his soul; and
boldly confessed this spiritual coming of the
great Messiah, who was able to teach him all
things; to His name his knee truly bowed,
and with Nathaniel he could cry, 'Thou art
the Son of God, thou art the King of Israel.'
Now he saw clearly between the precious and
the vile in himself, between that which was
truly of God in his former exercises, and that
which was merely o/ man: he was not stiff
nor stout in defence of his own building,
and former apprehensions ; no, but sold all
for 'the jiearl of great price,' and became
willingly ' poor in spirit,' that he might enter
'the kingdom of God.' Thus, parting with
all he had not received of God, he received a
new stock from heaven, wherein the Lord
prospered him ; the dew of heaven rested on
his branch and root, he grow rich and fruitful
in all heavenly treasure ; full of love, faith,
mercj^ patience and longsuftering : diligent
in the work of the Lord, and his duty to God
and man."
John Heald, after mentioning the attend-
ance of Westbranch Meeting, Seventh month
1st, where the discouraged were called upon
to 'make one more effort, and to ask for help
in humble prayer, makes these remarks on
his own state of mind. " I have felt much
resigned to my lot for a considerable time, and
mucli love in my mind to reach to many places
where we have not been, nor expect to go, and
yet I believe I could cheerfully go and spend
considerable time more before I return home,
if it were required of me ; but at present I feel
no such necessity. Love, though good, is not
a sufficient inducement, without a sense of
duty, to lengthen labor. The time draws on
towards a close of labor hero at present."
CTo be continned.i
For "The Friend."
As a further evidence of declension amongst
us and a tendency to return to the weak and
be'firarly elements from which our early
FrTends were led by the guiding hand of
Truth, some may have noticed at various
times in one or more of our leading periodi-
cals, advertisements similar in character to
the 'one now selected, "A young Friend re-
quires a re-engagement as Governess, teaches
Eno-lish, French, German, Music* and Draw-
in"-"" The word music is of course what at-
tracted the attention of the writer as obviously
at variance with one of our long established
testimonies against a vain and useless practice
of the world. How any one in membership
with us could so far deviate as to consider this
either a recommendation or accomplishment,
seems incomprehensible, and certainly betrays
a weakness and lack of principle most sorrow-
fully apparent. How periodicals, edited and
published by Friends, are made the medium
of conveying such intelligence, is also a mat-
ter of surprise that should arouse enquiry on
both sides the Atlantic, as one of serious con-
cern, touching the well-being and preserva-
tion of our Society on its original basis ; or is
it of so little importance as to be lightly passed
over by those whose duty it should be to see
that our members,eitherprivately or publicly,
are kept within the proper limitations of an-
cient recognised Gospel order ?
It has become quite common of late for
some of our younger members, in different
* Italics are ours.
22
THE FRIEND.
places, to indulge in what is termed "devo-
tional music" in " family worship," at a few
of our meetings in the West occasionally, and
at other times, and meeting with the appro-
bation and encouragement of some older mem-
bers, the practice is growing and extending ;
others making a high profession or holding
important positions in Society, have their
children taught singing, &c., and iteep musical
instruments in their houses, thus helping to
develope a taste productive of evil, and caus-
ing a wide spread departure from the sim-
plicity, spiritualitj' and purity of public and
private worship, and bi'inging reproach on
our former profession. One after another of
our testimonies are being trampled upon, until
we are gradually assimilating to the maxims
and customs of the world, so that many who
long for the restoration of our Zion, have to
go mourning on their way. Various are the
devices of an unwearied enemj-, to captivate
and lead astray from the paths of rectitude
and safety ; and not the least are those which
please the outward eye and ear. As our
thoughts are turned inward and our minds
preserved in watchfulness and in a state of
preparation to receive the Heavenly Visitor,
there will be no craving to indulge in any-
thing unlawful. Whenever we feel constrained
to ascribe praise, or use the sacred name of
our God in public, words of solemn import
and suited to the occasion will be given us,
■which will have access and ascend to the
Divine Presence as incense, and when the
servants of the Most High are wont to make
melody, their songs will be those which pro-
ceed from the inner sanctuary of the heart,
too deep, pure and holy, for human utterance.
J. B.
Eiclimond, Ind., 8th mo. 17th, 1S73.
Vegetable Instinct. — If a pan of water be
placed within six inches of either side of the
stem of a pumpkin or vegetable marrow, it
will in the course of the night approach it,
and will be found in the morning with one of
the leaves on the water.
This experiment may be continued nightly
until the plant begins to fruit. If a prop be
placed within six inches of a j'oung convolvu-
lus, or scarlet runner, it will find it, although
the prop may be shifted daily. If, after it has
twined some distance up the prop, it be un-
wound, and twined in the opposite direction,
it will return to its original position or die in
the attempt ; yet, notwithstanding, if two of
these plants gi-ovv near each other, andhaveno
Btake around which they can entwine, one of
them will alter the direction of the spiral and
they will twine around each other.
Duhamel placed some kidney beans in a cj'l-
inder of moist earth ; after a short time they
commenced to germinate, of course sending
the plume upward to the light, and the root
down into the soil. After a few da3-s the
cylinder was turned one-fourth around, and
again and again this was repeated, until an
entire revolution of the cylinder was com-
pleted. The beans were then taken out of
the earth, and it was found that both the
plume and the radicle had bent to accommo-
date themselves to every revolution, and the
one in its efforts to ascend perpendicularly,
and the other to descend, they had formed a
perfect spiral. But although the natural ten-
dency of the roots is downwards, if the soil
beneath be dry, and any damp substance be
above, the roots will ascend to reach it. — Late
Paper.
m m
Selected.
There are many publications, in this day
that have a tendency to corrupt the mind; if
we read the Scriptures they will draw us
nearer to God than any other volume. In
the records of our dear Saviour's life and death,
we shall perceive where the Master's feet
have trod ; and in reading his sufferings with
attention, the youthful mind is often moved
and tendered, and in great humility brought
nearer to his pure spirit in the heart. — Alary
Hagger.
A new and important fact in silk-culture
has been developed by the Acclimation So-
ciety, France, namely, that silk of varied
color can be produced by feeding the silk-
worm on different leaves. Worms fed on
vine leaves produce a silk of a magnificent
red color. Lettuce has been found to produce
an emerald-green colored silk. — Late Paper.
Strive against a fretful, complaining disposi
tion.
THE FRIEND.
XINTH MONTH G, 1873.
What a blessing is health! how essential
to our enjoyment of all it was originally in-
tended that life should bestow !
In its true signification, health implies per-
fection of organization, fulness of animal life,
and harmony in the performance of the func-
tions of the several organs in our " fearfull}-
and wonderfully made " bodies. To make it
complete in man there must be corresponding
intellectual energj', and the presence of sound
and well-applied moral principles; "a sound
mind in a sound body." Where the whole
system is in a healthy condition, and the
senses awake, vitality, and nervous excite-
ment seek to manifest themselves in action
more or less forcible and continuous; produc-
ing, especially in children, a pleasurable mo-
bility, changed into distressing restlessness,
when the effort is made to suppress it long,
by the action of the will. In the lower ain-
mals where there is a state of health, it is a
condition of enjoyment, the sense of existence
being a pleasure. It is reasonable to suppose
that health was originally designed to be the
abiding state of every organized being, as we
see it exemplified in the lower orders living
in a state of nature. With them it is the al-
most universal rule, and disease the exception.
But when they are domesticated, and the acci-
dents of life — food, shelter, &c., — are changed,
they too suffer from sicknesss, and often do
not live out the allotted period of their ex-
istence.
The body of man is made up of the same
elements, and is subject to very much the same
laws as those of other animals, and there does
not appear anj' sufticient reason to doubt that
if he had lived in accordance with what are
called the laws of nature, and with the re-
quirements of christian civilization, he too
would have enjoyed an equal exemption from
disease as that of other members of the ani-
mal kingdom. But the general and continued
violation of these requirements in successive
I-
generations, has, in very many, permanentlj
deranged the original "healthful condition oilF
some one or more of the organs, interruptins '
the proper performance of their functions, ano ',"
often transmitting from parents to child t '
physical system that precludes the enjoyment
of that harmonious action in all its parts whicl
is necessary to health. Every practical dis
regard of the laws established by the great
Creator for the government of his creatures
is followed by its appropriate punishment
and hence it is that such disregard of thost
regulating the healthful operation of the vari-
ous organs constituting the human body, haf
inflicted on so many the languishing of dis
ease ; and thus also the sin of the parents if
at times visited on the children, to the third'
and fourth generation.
If we believe that life is a boon bestowed
by our Father in heaven, designed to confei'
happiness here, and to afford the opportunity
to secure it hereafter, it certainly assumes tht
character of an imperative duty to do whafj'
■we can to preserve and cherish it, by guard-
ing against whatever may tend towards its ;
impairment or loss, or to defeat the object foi "',
which it was conferred. Hence to endangei V.
health by neglecting the means by which it "
may be promoted, to destroy it by bad habits '
or vicious indulgences, or to disregard tb
means by which it may be restored when lost,]
is to go counter to the will of Divine Provi-
dence, and to be in measure accessory to our
own premature death. It is our reasonable ':
duty not to thwart the design of the Almighty
in our creation ; there are also manifold I'ela-
five and social duties due to our families, oui
friends and to societj', and we ought to feel
ourselves restrained from everything that we
have a good reason to believe must prevent oi
diminish the value of the service we are called
on to render ; and few things are more likely
to do this than the presence of disease. Bui
though these are generally admitted truths,
yet, we think, there must be few who observe
the manners and customs attendant on the
present modes of life, in what claims to be
enlightened and refined society, but who mustj
be sensible how many things are not only
tolerated, but persistently adhered to, which
both science and experience teach us are in-
jurious to health, and often productive of seri-
ous disease.
Without atteiupting to dilate on a subject,,
the exposition of which might extend to a
volume, we ma_y briefly refer to two or three
prolific causes of disease, which are very com-
mon and yet easily preventable ; with the
hope it may induce our readers to reflect upon
them, and perhaps stimulate some of them to
applj- a remedy.
We know that air is essential to the con-
tinuance of life, at least to independent life.
It is indispensable that the oxygen it contains
should be brought into contact with the blood,
in order to change it from venous to arterial^
and this is done by breathing. Health depends
largely upon the purity and amount of the
air we inhale. Where the atmosphere around
us is pure, we naturally inflate the lungs fully
by deep inspiration ; where it is vitiated by'
too large a portion of carbonic acid, thrown
off at every exhalation, or by noxious emana-
tions from other sources, we as naturally
breathe It'ss frequently and deeply, from au
instinctive sense that poison of some kind is
being introduced into the system. And yet
how deficient are the means generally resorted
il
THE FRIEND.
23
to supply our dwellings with fresh, pure air,
iJ to remove that which has been used and
vitiated ; or even to rid our places of com-
011 resort — meeting houses, school houses
jid lecture rooms — from the poisonous and
ten fcetid atmosphere produced by large
semblies. An individual cannot, with im-
nity, breathe over and over again, the air
bich he has contaminated with the exhala-
)ns from his own lungs; how much greater
ast be the damage incurred hy respiring air
kded with the exhalations from the lungs of
ndreds, shut up in a closed apartment with-
t free ventilation. However small the
oms in our houses may be, they are as
althful as large ones if care is successfully
£en to have them well supjilied with fresh
The wearing of a vail close over the fiice is
oductive of the same bad eft'ect, of drawing
ck into the lungs the carbonic acid and
ber impurities that have just been expelled.
Food is as indispensable to life and health
air, though we can go much longer with-
t the former than the latter. The body is
QStautly changing. A new creation is going
from day to day, similar to that which
ilt up the system from its primordial cell,
d the eflete or worn out debris is carried
ray. A sufficient supply of food is therefore
cessary to renew the matter required to ro-
ir the waste in the ditieront tissues. (_)ur
,tural food is furnished from the vegetable
ngdom, either direct, or after it has already
en converted into flesh by the living prin-
jle, through the chemistry carried on in the
dy of another animal. There can be little
ubt that generally too much of it is taken
the latter concentrated form, and that many
the modes of preparing it, and the condi-
ints used, which while they stimulate the
petite often induce overfeeding, are inimical
the enjoyment of good health. Bread is very
nerally deprived of its saccharine matter in
e grain, and of other nourishing properties,
■ the flour being too closely bolted, and too
Qg subjected to the fungoidgrowth springing
>m the yeast mixed in it. Alcoholic stimu-
Qts should never be resorted to, unless requir-
to assist nature in throwing off disease, and
en they should be prescribed with the same
re and precision as other medicines. To-
iCCO or other narcotics weaken the action of
e heart, and prey upon the whole nervous
stem : they are directly poisonous.
The light of the sun is an important element
life and health, essential to nearly all ani-
als as well as plants on the surface of the
rth. Our houses are now constructed much
tter than formerly, for availing of this pow-
ful agent in producing and maintaining
lalth. But how many allow custom or
shion to exclude the golden sunlight, and
rken the apartments they live in by large
id thick curtains or blinds; not thinking,
least, not re^rardincr the well ascertained
ct, that the deep shade, with its accompa-
nng gloom, soon lessen vitalitj-, and if long
ntinued, produce enfeebled circulation of the
ood and palor, consequently loss of elasticity
d vigor; dear payments for retaining the
lor of carpets, or for the general effect given
sumptuously furnished rooms.
As regards clothing we need hardly say
ore than that the unreasoning tyranny of
shion exacts in this professedly christian
mmunity of ours, from thousands, the use
some kinds of garments, with their adorn-
ments, and the disuse of others, which almost
insure prolonged wretchedness from result-
ing disease, and often death ; especiall}' among
the tenderer sex, and the children of the rich
and those who ape their follies.
As the various organs of our complicated
sj'stem require the stimulus of action, it is in-
dispensable to full health there should be
daily exercise of brain, nerves and muscles.
Hence idleness and sluggishness predispose
to disease, and honest labor of both body and
mind is needful for the full enjoyment of
health in cverj'one. Excessive labor, whether
as regards exertion or time, especially if per-
formed in a close impure atmosphere, exhausts
the vital force below the point of eas}' orspecdj-
recuperation, and thus induces disease. This
is more especially the case in brain-work, and
hence it is we so often see merchants and other
business men who devote themselves unremit-
tingly and absorbingly to their occupations, in
a state of chronic indisposition. Their daily
anxiety and care demand an exhaustive ex-
penditure of nervous power, and affect all the
vital functions; disordering the digestion, con-
taminating the blood, and if not resulting in
sudden death from paralj'sis, or some disease
of the heart, ofttiraes rendering life burden-
some by general weariness and distress, some-
times with fliilure of intellectual powers.
It is commonly admitted that vice and crime
entail misery and disease; but there is much
in the accompaniments of our present imper-
fect civilization which does not come under
either of these heads, as they are commonly
understood, that materially interferes with
the natural processes of that mysterious entity
which we call life, and insidiously but surely
undermines health and shortensthe number of
our days. Man was not created to pine with
sickness and prematurely die ; but to employ
all his faculties with vigor, and live out the
full period of his probation. Did Christianity
reign supreme throughout the different ranks
of societ}', did each one love his neighbor as
himself, and we all acted up to the obligation
of -whether we eat, or whether we drink, or
whatsoever we do, to do all to the glory of
God, most of the sources of disease would be
removed, and, in time, we cannot doubt, that
health and happiness would be the lot of all.
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
Foreign. — On the night of First-day the 24th iilt., a
terrific j^torm swept over Nova Scotia. Halifa.x dis-
patches report the destruction of life and property on
Jand and sea as very great. On the land barns were
blown down, crops destroyed and cattle killed, and
there was reason to believe that many vessels were lost
at sea with all on board. The fishermen on the eastern
coast of the province have suffered severely, all having
I lost their boats, fishing tackle, etc., from Greysboro to
Cape Canso. At Cape Can.so sixty-two buildings were
blown down, twenty-three vessels were ashore in the
strait of Canso, and many on other parts of the coast.
A large number of vessels are ashore on the north side
of Prince Edward's Island, and probably there have
I been many wrecked with serious loss of life. The total
loss of property on land and at sea would probably
j reach several millions of dollars.
The expedition which is laying the cable between
Lisbon and Rio Janeiro, after having proceeded :-!S3
knots, was stopped by the discovery of a fault in the
'cable. Tests show that tlie fault is near the land. The
expedition will pay out to Madeira, whence the cable
steamer will probably return to repair the fault.
A special dispatch to the London Telegraph s.ays, the
cholera is raging in Hungary, and that one half of the
cases prove fiital.
A Bayonne dispatch says : Don Carlos has issued a
stringent order against interference by his forces with
railroad communication, and tlie penalty of death is
decreed for violation of this order. The Carlists are
repairing tlie telegraph lines in the north <if Spain.
Cartagena is completely investi-d on the land side by
the Kopiililicaii army. The republican lleet is in the
othiig under .Vilmiral Lobos, but it is rei>orted that a
mutinous spirit prevails in the .sipiadron. The insur-
gents are resolute, and use every ellbrt to make the
place impregnable. They liberated all the Carlist
prisoners in that city. The Carlists in turn liberate
all the Communist prisoners who fall into their hands.
A severe engagement is reportet.1 near the town of
F'stella, between live thousand government lroo]is and
three thousand Carlists, in wliiih the latter were de-
feated. The village of Tnrtella has been entirely de-
stroyed by the Carlists. Kraga in .'\ragon has been
taken by the Carlists, and a I'.ayoiuie dispatch says they
have resumed the siege of lUlboa. A part of the gov-
ernment forces in the north of Spain have mutinied.
The Cortes has rejected a proposition to grant immunity
to the Communist insurgents by a vote of U'J against
42. The government has presented a bill in the Cortes
calling into the army all inale.s between the ages of
twenty and thirty-five years.
The London Times of the 29th ult., has an editorial
on the iron question, the burden of which is that the
trade in iron, long so valuable to England, is being
gradually closed to her. The United States now com-
pete successfully for the control of the iron traffic with
Canada, South America, anil the West Indies. The
Times thinks much of the blame Jor this state of things
should fall upon the .strikers and trades unions.
The British government has decided to send an ex-
pedition from Cape Coast Castle against the Ashantee.s,
in order to drive them home during the next cool
season.
Sir .Samuel Baker and party have reached Cairo on
their return from the expedition into the interior of
Africa.
The trial of the Bank of England forgers vian con-
cluded on the 2(jth ult. Cieorge Bidwell, Austin Bid-
well, George MacDonnell and Edwin Noyes, were found
guilty, ami severally sentenced to penal servitude for
life.
The report of the British Registrar-General, together
with the census returns, establish the fact that the
average duration of life in England is nearly forty-one
years. Since the commencement of the century there
has been a marked increase in the average length of
life.
London, 9th mo. 1st. — Consols 92i. Liverpool. — ■
L'plands cotton, Sirf. ; Orleans, 9Jd. Sales 12,000 bales.
Brcadstufi's firmer.
A dispatch has been received at Toronto, from the
Magdalen Islands, stating that fifty vessels, British and
American, were wrecked in the gale of the 21st ult.
The French Minister of the Interior has sent a cir-
cular to the Prefects of the Departments of France,
directing them to prohibit demonstrations on the 4th
inst., the anniversary of the proclamation of the Re-
public.
\ special .session of the Cabinet Council has been
held to consider what measure the government may
take to allay the discontent caused by the high price of
bread.
The old custom of making pilgrimages to holy
places has been revived among the Catholic inhabitants
of France. During the past three months the railroad
companies have sold 3(>0,000 tickets to religious pil-
grims.
A Berlin dispatch says, the Roman Catholic Bishop
Koltt, has been sentenced to pay a fine of 4UU thalers
for infraction of the ecclesiastical laws, in appointing
clergymen without obtaining the sanction of the State
authorities.
A Vienna dispatch .s.ays : "There is great dissatisfac-
tion with the results of the Exposition. It is alleged
that those who know how the jiriaes were secured will
attach no value to the medals awarded. An English
firm has refused to accept the offered medal. About
3U,000 medals were awarded to exhibitors, of which
400 go to .\mericans."
An Antwerp dispatch of the 2(lth ult. says, a great
conllagration was occasioned here last night by a stroke
of lightning which set fire to one of the largest ware-
houses in the city, and this, with the surrounding build-
ings, was destroyed. Loss about S4liO,lillll.
The Cuban insurgents prolong the struggle. In an
engagement near St. .lago de Cuba, sixty of the Spanish
troops were killed.
Paris dispatches of the oOth ult. .says: It is reported
that the government will pay to Germany the last in-
stalment of the war indemnity on the 14th of Tenth
month.
24
THE FRIEND.
The trial of Marshal Bazaine, which will be held at
Trianon, will commence on the 6th of Tenth month.
The Journal des Debates has a significent article from
the pen of Lemoine, in which the writer expresses the
opinion that a Republic is impossible, and France must
have a liberal monarchy. The Count de Chambord
must give a constitutional charter, or a monarchy under
him would be as impossible as a Kepublic.
The British fleet in Cartagena have taken possession
of the Spanish iron-dads Alamanza and Vittoria, which
had been seized by the insurgents. The British Vice- ,
Admiral Yelverton proposed removing these vessels for j
safe keeping to Gibraltar, but on notice being given to
the insurgent Junta of his intentions, he was informed
that the forts would open fire upon the British vessels
if the attempt was made. It was however expected
that the insurgent Junta would propose a compromise,
by which they should consent to the removal of the
iron-clads on condition that they be held at Gibraltar,
and not surrendered to the Madrid government until
the diS'erences with the insurgents at Cartagena are
settled.
United States. — During the year ending 6th mo.
30th, 1873, the net receipts from customs were $188,-
089,522.70: from internal revenue, $113,729,314.14;
from sales of public lands, $2,882,312.38 ; from miscel-
laneous sources, $29,037,055.45. Total receipts $333,-
738,204.67.
In the same time the expenditures were as follows :
For premium on purchase of bonds, . $5,105,919 99
For civil and miscellaneous purposes, . 73,328,110 06
For War Department, . . . 46,323,138;31
For Indians and pensions, . . . 37,311,131 74
For Navy Department, . . . 23,526,256 79
F'or interest on the public debt, . . 104,750,688 44
Total expenditures, . . $290,345,245 33
The net reduction of the public debt during the fiscal
year was $43,667,630.05.
In New York last week there were 613 interments,
in Philadelphia 310, and in St. Louis 204. Of the
deaths in Philadelphia 131 were under two years of
age, 31 cholera infantum, 32 consumption, and 11 old
age-
During the Eighth month the quantity of rain which
fell in Philadelphia measured 12.29 inches; the aver-
age rainfall of that month during the past thirty-six
years having been 5.07 inches. Thus far during the
year the rainfall has measured 41.58 inches; as the
mean annual rainfall at Philadelphia is 46.07 inches,
the present year will probably largely exceed the
average of the past.
On the first inst. the total debt of the United States,
less cash in the Treasury, was $2,140,695,365, having
been reduced $6,752,820 during the Eighth month.
The Markets, <&c. — The following were the quotations
on the first inst. New York. — American gold, 115 J.
U. S. sixes, 1881, 119|; ditto, 1868, 118; ditto, 10-40
5 per cents, llSi. Superfine flour, $5.10 a $5.70 ; State
extra, $6.30 a $6.80; finer brands, S-7 a $10. White
Michigan wheat, $1.77 ; red western, $1.67 ; No. 2 Mil-
waukie spring, S1.50 ; No. 2 Chicago, $1.48. Oats, 43
a 47i cts. Yellow corn, 62 cts. Philadelphia. — Mid-
dling cotton, lOJ a 20' cts. for uplands and New Orleans.
Superfine Hour," $3.50 a $4.50; finer brands, $5 a $10.
Western red wheat, $1.60 a $1.63. Kye, 80 a So cts.
Yellow corn, 62 cts. Oats, 39 a 45 cts. Lard, 8| a 9
cts. Clover-seed, 9.V a 10 cts. The market for beef
cattle dull. Eeceipts 3,261 head. Choice and extra
sold at 6-2 a 7J cts. per lb. gross; fair to good, 5 a 6 cts.,
and common, 3.1 a 4] cts. Sheep sold at 4-2 a 5J cts. per
lb. gross. Receipts 17,000 head. Corn fed hogs, $6.76
a $7.25 per 100 1b. net. Receipts 6,000 head. Chicago.
—No. 1 spring wheat, $1.18J ; No. 2 do., $1.14 ; No. 3
do., $1,104. No. 2 mixed corn, 40i cts. No. 2 oats,
27i cts. Rye, 68 cts. No. 2 fall barley, $1.20. St.
Louis. — No. 2 winter red wheat, $1.50 ; No. 3 fall red,
$1.33. Cmci?iTia(i.— Family flour, S6.85 a $7 Wheat
$1.35. Corn, 52 a 53 cts. Rye, 76 cts. Oats, 33 a 40 cts.
Lard, 8J cts. ]]Iilwaukie. — No. 1 spring wheat, $1,211 ;
No. 2 do., $1.18. No. 2 oats, 27J cts. No. 2 mixed
corn, 405 '^'■''' Detroit. — Extra white wheat, $1.65; No.
1 white, $1.56.1 ; amber, $1.46. No. 2 corn, _47i cts,
AVhite oats, 33 cts.
WANTED
A teacher in the classical department on the boys'
side at Westtown School.
Application may be made to
Thomas Conard, West Grove, Chester Co.
Joseph Walton, Philadelphia.
William Evans, "
Charles Evan.s, "
RECEIPTS.
Received from Elwood E. Haines, N. J., $2, vol. 47 ;
from James Heald, O., $2, vol. 47 ; from S. E. Haines,
Pa., $2, vol. 47 ; from Samuel F. Troth, City, $2, vol.
47 ; from Abraham Gibbons, Pa., $2, vol. 47 ; from
Mary J. Cresson, Pa., S2, vol. 47 ; from Jane Ann Pass-
more, Pa., $2, vol. 47 ; from George Pandridge, Pa.,
$2, vol. 47 ; from Levi B. Stokes, City, $2, vol. 47 ; from
David Darnell, N. J., $2, vol. 47 ; from Jeremiah P'oster,
R. I., S2, vol. 47 ; from Deborah D. Horney, Ind., $2,
vol. 47 ; from Charles Stokes, Agent, N. J., for Mark
Haines and Rachel E. Haines, $2 each, vol. 47 ; from
Phebe C. Parker, Pa., $2, vol. 47 ; from George Haines,
N. J., $2, vol. 47 ; from Henry Knowles, Agent, N. Y.,
for David Peckham, Alonzo Knowles, and Chester \.
Weaver, $2 each, vol. 47, and for Levi Y'oumans, S2,
to No. 4, vol. 48, and Joseph Collins, $3, to No. 27, vol.
48 ; from William R. Taber, N. Y., per Nicholas D.
Tripp, *2, vol. 47 ; from William D. Stephen, O., $5,
to No. 27, vol. 48 ; from Dr. George Thomas, Pa., $2,
to No. 24, vol. 48, and for J. Preston Thoma,s, $2, to
No. 23, vol. 48, and Richard M. Thoma.s, Jonah Ogilsbe,
and Enos Morris, $2 each, vol. 47 ; from Joshua Embree,
Pa., $2, vol. 47 ; from Mary Thistlethwaite, N. Y., $2,
vol. 47; from Sarah Heald, lo., $2, vol. 47; from
Jonathan Fawcett, O., $2, vol. 47 ; from Benjamin W.
Passmore, Agent, Pa., $2, vol. 47, and for Nathan Pen-
nell, Rebecca Larkin, Sarah Larkin, Caleb E Thomas,
Caleb Webster, Rebecca Trimble, Rachel Hill, and
Harvey Thomas, Pa., and Amanda Gallimore, O., $2
each, vol. 47 ; from Richard B. Bailey, Pa., $2, vol. 47 ;
from Aaron Sharpless, Pa., $2, vol. 47, and for Sidney
Sharpless and Thomas Sharpless, $2 each, vol. 47 ;
from Harriet J. Smedley, City, and Joseph W. Jones,
Pa., per Edward C. Jones, $2 each, vol. 47 ; from
Thomas Wistar, Citv, $2, vol. 47 ; from Pemberton
Moore, Pa., $2, vol. 47 ; from William H. Walter, Pa.,
$2, vol. 47 ; from William Neal, City, $2, vol. 47 ; from
Jane H. Pickering, N. J., $2, vol. 47 ; from Lydia T.
King, Pa., $2, vol. 47, and for Josejih E. Mickle, $2,
vol. 47 ; from John R. Tatum, Del., $2, vol. 47 ; from
William P. Smedley, Pa., *2, vol. 47 ; from Phebe
McBride, lo., $2, vol. 47 ; from Sarah L. Passmore, Pa.,
$2, vol. 47 ; from James W. McGrew, Agent, O., $2,
vol. 47, and for Mark Willits, John Hoyle, Amasa
Negus and James Edgerton, $2 each, vol. 47 ; from
Parker Hall, Agent, O., $2, vol. 47, and for Nathan
Hall, William Hall, Jr., James McGrail, John W.
Smith, Lewis Taber, Lindley Hall, Jonathan Binns,
Robert Smith, and Josiah Hall, $2 each, vol. 47, and
for David Thomas, $2, to No. 27, vol. 47; from Philip
P. Dunn, N. J., $2, vol. 47, and for Thomas A. Bell,
Pa., $2, vol. 47; from Reuben Battin, Agent, Pa., $2,
to No. 10, vol. 48, and for Sarah Minard, $2, to No. 11,
vol. 48, George Schill, Theodore Hess, Henry Brack-
man, and Abel McCarty, $2 each, vol. 47, Aaron
McCarty, $2, to No. 43, vol. 47, Joseph McCarty, $2,
to No. 44, vol. 47, and Je.sse McCarty, $2, to No. 12,
vol. 48 ; from Samuel Shaw, O., for Jehu AUman, Barak
Ashlon, ,Iason TuUos, Job Huestis, John Lipsey, and
James A. Cope, $2 each, vol. 47, and for Eliza Stock,
$2, to No. 19, vol. 48 ; from Jordan Ballard, O., $2, vol.
47, and for Elijah Haworth and .John A. Oren, S2each,
vol. 47 ; from Phebe Jacobs, Pa., $2, vol. 47 ; from
Edward Stratton, Agent, O., 50 cents, to No. 52, vol.
47, and for Sarah Taylor, $2.50, to No. 16, vol. 46, and
Abel H. Blackburn, Mary S. Barber, Jo.seph Taylor,
William H. Blackburn, Merab Hall, and Wilson Hall,
$2 each, vol. 47 ; from Josiah Bacon, City, per Samuel
H. Roberts, $2, vol. 47 ; from Andrew Moore, Pa., $2,
vol. 47 ; from Charles Burton, Pa., $2, vol. 47 ; from
f^lizabeth D. Meredith, Pa., $2, vol. 47 ; from George
Brinton, Pa., ^2, vol. 47; from Henrv R. Woodward,
N. J., $2, vol. 47 ; from Joshua Jeflij'ris, Pa., $2, vol.
47 ; from .lames Embree, Pa., $2, vol. 47 ; from Stogdell
Stokes, Pa., $2, vol- 47; from Samuel Trimble, M. D.,
$2, vol. 47 ; from Edward Michener, Pa., $2, vol. 47 ;
from Lydia G. Allen and Nathan Garrett, Pa., $2 each,
vol. 47 ; from Joel Wilson, Agent, N. J., $2, vol. 47,
and for Mary Thorn, $2, vol. 47 ; from Joseph Matlack,
Pa., $2, vol. 47 ; from Thomas Conard, Agent, Pa., for
Thomas Pas.smore, Samuel Hoopes, and Amos E. Whit-
son, $2 each, vol. 47 ; from Micajah M. Morlan, Agent,
C>., for Benjamin Antrim and Mary J. French, $2 each,
vol. 47, and for Anna Macey, $4, to No. 52, vol. 47 ;
from John Brantingham, O., $2, vol. 47, and for Isaac
( 'ope and John A. Cope, $2 each, vol. 47 ; from Hannah
Roberts, Pa., $2, vol. 47 ; from John Forsythe, Pa., $2,
vol. 47 ; from Daniel Williams, Agent, O., for Pu.sey
Wood, Isaac Mitchell, Jacob Holloway, Asa Branson,
Mary Chandler, Juliann H. Branson, Mary Ann Hol-
loway, Sarah Purviance, Joseph Bailey, Jo.seph H.
Bran.son, Joseph Walker, Ephraim W. Holloway,
Stephen Hobson, and John C. Hoge, $2 each, vol. 47 ;
from Daniel Williams and Stephen Hobson, Agent
O., $2 each for Rachel Arnold, to No. 52, vol. 47 ; i'roi '■
Thomas Bundy, O., per Stephen Hobson, Agent, S |
vol. 47 ; from Ezra Engle, N. J., $2, vol. 47 ; from 1
W. South, M. D.. N. J., $2, vol. 47; from Marsha
Fell, Pa., $2, vol. 47 ; from Isaac Cowgill, O., $2, vo
47, and for Joseph Cowgill, $2, vol. 47 ; from Am(
Lee, Pa., per Jesse Hall, $2, vol. 47 ; from Phebe ]
Haines, N. J., $2, to No. 11, vol. 48, and for Cak-K ]
Haines, and Juliana Powell, $2 each, vol. 47.
Bemittances received after Fourth-day morning will n
appear in the Receipts until the following week.
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL. '
The Winter Session will open on the 3rd i
Eleventh month. Friends intending to send pupils (
the Institution are requested to make early applicatio
to Charles J. Allen, Street Road P. O., Chester Co
Pa. Applications may also be left with Jacob SMEDijn
304 Arch St., Philadelphia.
AVESTTOWN.
A Special meeting of the Committee on Instructio
will be held on Fourth-day, the 10th inst., at 2 o'cloe
p. M., in the Committee-room on Arch St. GeneH
and punctual attendance is requested.
WANTED
A teacher for a small Monthly Meeting School
Fallsington, to commence immediately and teach thr(
months. Compensation $22 per month and board.
Apply to James H. Moon, Fallsington, Bucks Cc
Penna.
EVENING SCHOOLS FOR ADULT COLOREI
PERSONS.
Teachers are wanted for these schools, to be openel
about the first of Tenth month.
Application may be made to
Elton B. GiSbrd, 28 North Third St.
Ephraim Smith, 1013 Pine St.
James Bromley, 641 Franklin St.
Richard J. Allen, 472 North Third St.
FRIENDS' BO.'VBDING SCHOOL FOB INDIA
CHILDREN, TUNESASSA, NEW YORK.
A Friend and his wife are wanted to take charge ■
this Institution, and to manage the farm connected wil
it. A teacher of the school will also be wanted at tl
commencement of the Fall term.
Application may be made to
Ebenezer Worth, Marshallton, Chester Co., Pa'
Joseph Scattergood, 413 Spruce St., Philada.
Aaron Sharpless, Street Road P. O., Chest
Co., Pa.
Thomas Wistar, Fox Chase P. O., Philada.
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE.
Near Frankford, (Twenty-third Ward,) Philadelphia
Physician and Superintendent — Joshua H. Wort:
INGTON, M. D.
Applications for the Admission of Patients may
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Board
Managers.
Died, on the 9th of Eighth month, 1873, at his rei
dence, near Marlborough, Stark Co., Ohio, Samui
Carb, in the 86th year of his age, a member of Upp'
Springfield Monthly and Marlborough Particular Me«
ing. He bore a short but painful illness with remar
able patience and resignation, often expres,sing 1
belief that his time was come; also his willingnc
depart this life. He passed quietly away, leaving
relatives and friends the comfortable .assurance that i
end was peace. Of this dear Friend it might be sai
his light shone more and more unto the perfect d.ay,
evinced by his increased care over his conduct and co
versation. " Be ye also ready, for in such an hour
ye think not, the Son of man cometh."
, on the morning of the loth ult., at his re
dence in Chester Co., Pa., of a protracted illne
Ben.ta.min Maule, in the eightieth year of his age
highly esteemed elder and member of London (iro
Monthly and Particular Meeting. His soundness
principle and consistency of practice endeared him
his family and very many friends. "Blessed are t
dead which die in the Lord, from henceforth ; y<
sailh the Spirit, that they may rest from their labc
and their works do follow them."
"^^ WILLIAM H. PILErPBINfEK.
No. 422 Walnut Street.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. XLVII.
SEVENTH-DAY, XIXTH MONTH l:!, 1873.
NO. 4.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
ice Two Dollars per annum, if paid in advance. Two
dollars and fifty cents, if not paid in advance.
SubscriptloaB and Payments received by
JOHN S. STOKES,
4T VO. 116 NORTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS,
PHILADELPHIA.
•stage, when paid quarterly in advance, five cents
For " The Frii-nd "
John Ileald.
{CfDtinned from rage 21. >
" 7th mo. 2d, 1815. At Oswego Meeting, we
ere divinely favored together; a time to be
!meraberod. I began with : How do yoa
link our hearts and minds should be disposed,
hen we present ourselves before the most
gh God, to make an ottering to Him? I
ent on with a pressing invitation to the
3uth to close in with the heavenly' call, and
ilarged on what the Queen of Sheba ad-
ired so much. When she saw the waiting
'.Solomon's servants, and the attendance of
is ministers, there was no more strength left
1 her. [I expressed the desire] that others
luld be induced to see what I believed was
•pitied by the waiting of the servants, each
his or her place ; and the attendance of the
inisters, each in his or her own service; the
tention such are giving, drawn forth in gos-
;1 love. Could individuals but witness how
lese part with their connections, as husbands
ith their wives, and wives with their hus-
mds, and these with dear and tender chil-
en, desirous to meet again, if the will of God
; such, but if not, that the survivors inay be
abled to say, thy will be done, O Father ;
d when these come and attend faithfully to
leir duty, laboring in the ability received,
vould they suppose all] this to bo for the
itertainment of an assembly for an hour,
fording delight, and then [for the impres-
on] to pass away like an early dew or a
orning cloud, and leave scarcely a trace in
e minds of manj-?
5th. Attended the meeting at Peekskill.
, was dull for some time and trying. I said :
suppose we almost all believe that religious
eetings are designed and intended to wor-
lip the Lord our maker; but are they an-
vering the end for which they were insti-
ited. This I believe it becomes us to con-
der. The Divine Master has left the clearest
:8timony on this subject I ever met with in
1 my reading. He said the hour eometh and
JW is, that the true worshipjpers shall wor-
lip the Father in spirit and in truth. He
oreover added, for such the Father seeketh
I worship Him. I believe it is vciy possible
T form to take place so that nothing of the
ibstance remains. Thus 1 believe preaching,
praying, and singing, as well as sitting in
silence, ma_y be all formally done, but what
will the profit be? Is it not like people com-
ing together to do a piece of business, and
pretending at it and doing nothing, no more
it may be than to talk about it and go away,
having onlj' the outside appearance? Can we
suppose that such an offering will lie accept-
able to a God who sees the very secrets of the
heart, and knows whether there is sincerity
there or not ? It was a close, searching time,
and formalit}' was examined in divers ways,
and the meeting ended solemnly.
Gth. We attended the meeting at Croton.
It was not large, and mostlj' of others than
Friends. My exercise was length)'. I began
with. He that loveth me, I will love, but he
that despiseth me shall be lightly esteemed.
It is commanded. Thou shalt love the Lord
thy God wiih all thy heart and wi'h all thy
soul, mind and strength. So it is evident, that
we must love Him more than any worldly
enjojment, for the I)ivine Master said. He
that loveth father or mother more than me is
not worthy of me, and ho that loveth wife or
cliildren more than rae is not worthy of me.
So we must love Him supremelj' above all
earthly things, if we would obtain His love
and favor. In order to worship Uini accept-
ably, we must have our treasnre in heaven,
for where our treasure is, there our hearts will
be also; where our treasure is, there will our
adoration be paid, there our hearts and minds
will go ; thus to be true worshippers, we must
love Him above all.
7th. Attended Salem Meeting. Death reign-
ed, as I believe. A poorer meeting I scarcely
ever sat in, for a long time ; but at length I
felt way to open to state several ideas, among
which was, that I believed it was as impossi-
ble for a mere man to pjreuch the gospel, as it
would be for him to make a world. This I
suppose we all agree is impossible, and so 1
believe in regard to preaching the gospel ; for
the gospel of Christ is the power of God unto
salvation. Afterwards I held out encourage-
ment to a tried, discouraged state, and advised
to faithfulness. The meeting ended with
solemnity.
8th. A rainy morning, and we are six miles
from the meeting. I was somewhat unwell
with a headache and cold. The Friend [with
whom we lodged] had pressed us hard to go
home with him, which I was tot quite free to
do, but we submitted to his importunity. We
rode through the rain, and got well there.
The meeting collected, but not large. We sat
down in silence, and continued so until near
the close, when I made some remarks relative
to silent worship, in which I stated, that I be-
lieved I had improved more in silent meetings
than from preaching; that I thought both
silence and preaching were proper, each in
their proper place. After meeting we dined
at Daniel Sutton's, and I was informed that
there had been four appointed meetings at
[this place in two weeks, and much counsel
given. In the meeting I had a sense that the
favors bestowed had not been attended to as
should have been.
10th. We had a meeting consisting of many
people at North Castle, where m}' mind was
remarkabh' im]>ressed with a sense of the
glitter of the world filling the mental view,
and the danger attending. I said: The voice
said, 'Cry, what shall I cr}' ? All flesh is
grass, and all the goodliness of man is as the
flower of the field, the grass withereth and
the flower thereof fadeth, but the Word of
God endureth forever.' A lengthy and im-
pressive testimony 1 was enabled to bear at
that time.
13th. The Monthly Meeting at Purchase,
which wo attended. I endeavored to call the
attention of the dear young people to the re-
membrance of the manj' favors conferred on
them, such who have often had the visitations
of Divine love renewed on their minds. I
mentioned the attachment of David to Jona-
than, who said, very pleasant hast thou been
to me, thy love exceeding great. How ho
bewailed his beloved Jonathan ! who followed
a tall leader to the towering heights of Mount
Gil boa, where was neither dew nor rain, nor
fields of ottering. Here he fell and many more,
who followed a leader that God had left and
answered no more. It was a solemn, search-
ing time.
14th. Wo were at an appointed meeting at
Mamaroueck. It was to me a verj- precious
meeting. I labored to raise and encourage a
dittident, tried and depressed state ; and to
discourage a too forward and active one. It
was a much favored meeting, and comfortablj'
owned by Israel's Shejiherd."
At Stonybrook, New Jersey, having men-
tioned his prospect of having a meeting, the
Friend at whose house he was, he says, ''en-
i|uired for ray certificate, and carped at several
things. I answered all his enquiries, and
showed him my certificate, and withal let him
know he was more exact and nice than any I
had met with before; his enquiries were to
me, too much like peevishness and unfriendli-
ness. However ho sent some notice about,
and we staid and were kindly treated after-
ward." The meeting was a small one. In it
J. H. spoke of worship, and in his memoranda
makes this comment: "I have often had to
call the attention of people to this subject, and
to endeavor to impress it on their minds as ■
closely as I could. O how much it is ne-
glected !
20th. At East Branch, way opened to set
an inheritance in the Truth above all the
splendid wealth and glittering show this world
can aftbrd. A bare subsistence with it, is to
be preferred to the enjoyment of great posses-
sions and much pomp and show without it.
For if wo compare one in the midst of great
wealth, but in deep bodily distress, and just
ready to depart out .of this world, with no
hope of comfort in the next; and one with
little earthly riches, on the point of expiring,
26
THE FRIEND.
and having a gloi-ious immortality in view,
how much the lattei- is to be preferred.
In the afternoon, at Upper Freehold, ability
was given to encourage the youth in the paths
of virtue, and they were told that closing in
with oftered mercy was the safest way to shun
the paths of infidelity, which some had fallen
into because they had first wilfully gone
•wrong."
From this place he proceeded to Philadel-
phia, visiting some meetings on the way, and
having purchased a carriage and harness for
$■±5, ho and his companion continued their
journey home, where he arrived on the 12th
of 8th mo. 1815, after an absence often months
and fifteen days. He says: "We found all
well, and had enjoyed good health during the
time we were away. For these and many
other favors and blessings, I feel thankful to
the Preserver of men."
National Observatory— Description of tlie King of
Cloclts.
A Washington correspondent furnishes the
following description of the great clock at the
national observatory: And now about this
wonderful king of clocks, which is to control
such a number of subordinates in so important
a matter. Suppose, after everything has been
arranged and is working charmingly, that
clock should suddenly stop! Would all the
other clocks connected with it stop at the
precise moment, or would they run on their
own account and perform all manner of tricks?
Who can estimate the consequences that might
ensue ? Well, the probability is that no great
disarrangemeot of things and matters could
follow; but sucli an event is not at all likely
to occur. Since 1845 this clock has been in
constant use, and is only stojjped every tenth
year to be cleaned. It is a large pendulum
clock, of the kind known as "astronomical,"
with a silver dial and self-regulating mercurj'
pendulum. It is inclosed in a dark mahog-
any case, with glass windows in the front
exhibiting the dial and pendulum, while the
works are covered in a sealed case to prevent
dust from getting in. The clock, which, with
the case and pendulum, is about tiva feet in
height, does not stand upon the floor, but is
attached by means of clamps, to a solid square
granite pillar, weighing some fifty or sixty
tons, which passes through the floor without
touching it, and through the cellar and earth
below until it reaches the solid rock. This
is done to prevent any movement in the build-
ing, such as people walking on the floors and
stair-cases, from jarring the clock, which is as
motionless as the rock upon which it rests.
It is placed in a corner of the "chronometer
room," in the east wing of the building,
where it is in the shade, and the stone pier to
which it is attached is surrounded by a sub-
stantial railing or balustrade, to prevent con-
tact with the clock. Nothing short of an
earthcpiake could cause this distinguished
member of the clock family to lose his equil-
ibrium ; " tick, tick, tick, tick," it has told off"
the seconds and the hours in times of war and
times of pjeace, and will do so, doubtless, for
many years to come. It may sound curious
for me to say so, but it was really with a
strange feeling of awe that I stood before this
clock, which, while it shows the ingenuity of
man, yet shows how vain would be his eflbrts
to stop the hands of time. Every tick you
hear is a second lost and gone — and brings
you so much nearer the grave. It knows no
mercy, no delay. And the seconds make up
the minutes, the minutes the hours, and hours
the days, and the days make years, of which
we mortals have but a scant allowance com-
pared with time. Days go and years go, and
we are no more ; but the sun goes on its course,
and the clock ticks on, " tick, tick, tick," for
new generations ; and so on, until — ?
This mechanical wonder was made by the
celebrated firm of Parkinson & Frodsham, ol
Change alley, London. It is wound up every
eight days by the officer in charge of the
chronometer room, and is each time wound
up at precisely the same hour, minute and
second. There is another clock, used in mak-
ing certain astronomical observations, and
held in reserve if any accident should befal
the Frodsham. This was made by Bond, in
Boston, and is very nearly as accurate as the
celebrated English clock which gives us the
American standard of time.
To furnish the exact time is not the onlj'
important task which devolves upon this
clock, as we shall presently See. There are
in the same room with it a number of heavy,
closed boxes, arranged in rows and hollow
squares, all securely locked. These contain
the chronometers of the navy, used on our
men-of-war when in commission, and there
are in these cases about two hundred of them,
every one of which is regularly wound up and
ept going. Not all of these, however, are
the property of the navy ; some are here on
trial and belong to the manufacturers, as the
law demands that every chronometer shall be
tested lor a certain length of time before it is
purchased. There are here chronometers ot
all kinds, of almost every famous make, and
from every country. There are some very
old and historical chronometers that saw ser-
vice on Lake Erie and participated in Perry's
victory ; and quite a number have been through
our late war. They are all kept constantly
going and regulated by means of the standard
clock in the corner; and a careful record is
kept of each, showing precisely how much it
gains or loses in a given period. To fiicilitate
the regulation of these chronometers a very
simple but clever contrivance is brought into
play. By touching a spring on the standard
clock, the vibrations of the pendulum are
audibly recorded by the taps of an electro-
magnet, at regular intervals of one second.
It would, of course, be impossible for the ob-
server to have his eyes on the second dial ot
the standard clock, and on that of the chro-
nometer he is about to compare with it at the
same time ; but by this arrangement he is en-
abled to follow with his eyes the motions ot
the second hand of the chronometer, while his
ear tells him if these motions correspond with
those of the pendulum and second hand of the
large clock. In this manner he sees, every
day, through alNthe chronometers, comparing
each with the standard clock, and making up
their record. W^hen a ship of the navy goes
to sea a rccpiisition is sent for its chronome-
ters to this place ; and only such are issued as
have been thoroughly tested. A statement
is furnished with each, which gives the amount
of time gained or lost in a given period, so
that, in making observations and deductions,
the deviation in the chronometer maj' bo rec-
tified. As the safety of a ship to a great ex-
tent depends on its chronometer, the import-
anro of having them as near absolutely cor-
rect and exact as possible will, of course, be
seen ; and that explains the great care takeni'
of them and the reason why their record musti
be kept with such unfailing accuracy. Tof
Commander James H. Gillis is at present in-(
trusted the care of these delicate instrumental
and of the "standard of time," and no one,
else is permitted to touch the clock and chro-,;
nometers, or the telegraphic apparatus in coa-(i
nection therewith. ,i
-* i|
Selected for "The Friend."
Extract from a sermon delivered at Stock-,]
port, Eng., by Samuel Fothergill, on the 20tliuj
of the Eleventh month, 1768. j
" I confess with respect to an instantaneous.)
work, ' I have not so learned Christ:' Far be
it from me to judge another man's servant,,
but I have not so learned Christ, as to know,
it to be an instantaneous, but a gradual work.:J
Some think there is a sudden death to sin,.
(
and a new birth to righteousness, in a mo-
ment. I have not traced the conduct of people
))rofessing the Christian religion, with an un-
charitable eye ; but I have often observed that
instantaneous work to be of short lived con-
tinuance: I have seen some recur back agaia.
to their sins, and their latter end has beeai
worse than their beginning. When trod said,!
Let there be light, there was light, a succes-
sion of days and nights, the beauties of the
creation were gradually brought forth, till
man was made in God's image.
" I have not been destitute of some degree,
of religious experience ; the praise I dedicate
to God, the fruits to your service. Religion
has worn this aspect with me, it has been a.
gradual work, a gradual advancement from;
faith to faith ; but when people are enriched
with unfelt truths, they call a strong persua-
sion of the mind, faith, when it is only an
opinion. The faith that works bj' love, sub-t
verts the strongholds of Satan, restores people
to a state of acceptance with God, impressing
the features of the king of heaven upon allf
their actions; but this opinion, this mistaken,
opinion, would pass by redemption from all
iniquity, the leaven of the kingdom, would
lead to a variety of actions, abundance of
words and professions, and set the mind afloat
above that sacred leaven, that unspeakable
gift, which cannot be fully uttered. The Lord
preserve us from this dangerous mistake.
* * * "This unspeakable gift, the religion,
of Jesus, works secretly, powerfully and ef-
fectually : sometimes it draws to expressions,
oftentimes otherwise : the occasion of praise!
ceased not when there was silence in heaveni
tor half an hour. May we so hide the wordj
in our hearts, as to witness its progress there.j
I have feared the multitude of convorsatioDj
has betrayed the minds of the people ; beenf
afraid of people talking away religion by fre-
quent use, familiarizing their minds to treat
the things of God not with that feeling rever-
ence, flowing from this unspeakable gift. Far
be it from me to enfeeble any mind bent aftei
thinirs of the greatest moment. I know I re-
irret with you, the too general conversatior
of the world goes upon other subjects; ana
things appertaining to life and godliness, an
rather objects of contempt and derision, than
of that humble, reverential awe that becometl
us. This is too much the case; yet there is i
possibility of talking away religion, by a mul
tiplicity of conversation, passing beyond oui
own light. I would rather endeavor to know
what the Holy Ghost meant by that silence
in heaven for half an hour, than make rcligior
THE FRIEND.
27
10 cheap by conversation ; — keep it in the
I art; too much discourse carries oft" the
-st'iiee of religion ; keep the mind as a garden
lulosed ; a proper attention to this unspeak-
liK' gift, will tend more to comfort and
lengthen than a profession of words which
arrics away the pro|ier sensibility of oui-
tate and condition. I know the matter re
aires distinction ; I want not to discourage
iiything of an heavenlj- birth; but fearsome
ave been carried out of their depth, the
iviiie spirit of religion has been evaporated
iiatly to their loss. Let not those who care
ir none of these things, run into discourse
uhvorsive of religion. Wisdom leads in the
liddle pathsof judgment; and though the gift
- unspeakable, yet we have a right under-
taiiding of the effects upon our own minds.
Ve know tliere is a sun in the firmament, we
:\-\ its warmth, it extends its lightand warmth
liniugh the globe, but the utmost intent of
Is nature is inexpliealde : the division of its
ays, the source of its heat, after what man-
iir ]ilaced in the planetary world, or how
orined : these things are inexplicable. So it i;-
villi the Sun of Righteousness; but though
111' jiroperties of the sun be unspeakable, we
:ii<iw, we rejoice in its effect; we have in-
liiliitable proofs of its existence. So the un-
ijicakable gift, the Sun of Righteousness; to
■nlighten men, to guide them in wisdom, to
•ojilenish their aff'ections, and set them on
liiiigs above, though an unspeakable gift,
ret intelligible, reaches the minds of men,
ifi'eets them, quickens them, raises them from
Icath and dead works, to a contemplation ol
ivbose things which are of infinite importance."
Mason \Vasp.s and Befs of Brazil.
In the lower part of the Mahicil woods,
towards the river, there is a bed of stitT white
clay, which supplies the people of Santarem
with material for the manufacture of coars
pottery and cooking utensils: all the kettles,
saucepans, mandioca ovens, eoftee-pots, wash-
ing-vessels, and so forth, of the poorer classes
throughout the country, are made of this same
plastic claj-, which occurs at short intervals
over the whole surface of the Amazons valley,
from the neighborhood of Para to within the
Peruvian borders, and forms part of the great
Tabatinga marl deposit. To enable the ves-
sels to stand the fire, the bark of a certain
tree, called Caraipe, is burnt and mixed with
the clay, which gives tenacity to the w^are.
Caraipe is an article of commerce, being sold,
packed in baskets, at the shops in most of the
towns. The shallow pits, excavated in the
I marly soil at Mahica, were very attractive to
[many kinds of mason bees and wasps, who
' make use of the clay to build their nests with.
I spent many an hour, watching their pro
ceedings: a short account of the habits of
some of these busy creatures may be intei'est-
i The most conspicuous was a large yellow
and black wasp, with a remarkably long and
narrow waist, the Pelopajus fistularis. It col-
' leeted the clay in little round pellets, which
it carried oft', after rolling them into a con-
venient shape in its mandibles. It came
Straight to the pit with a loud hum, and, on
alighting, lost not a moment in beginning to
work; finishing the kneading of its little load
in two or three minutes. The nest of this
species is shaped like a pouch, two inches in
length, and is attached to a branch or other
pi'ojecting object. One of these restless arti-
ficers once began to builil on the handle of a
chest in the cabin of my canoe, wiicn we were
stationar}' at a place for several days. Jt was
so intent on its work that it allowed me to
inspect the movements of its mouth with a
lens whilst it was laj-ing on the mortar.
Kveiy fresh pellet was brought in with a
triumphant song, which changed to a cheerful
bu.sy hum when it alighted and began to work.
The little ball of moist clay was laid on the
edge of the cell, and then spread out around
the circular rim by means of the lower lip
guided by the mandibles. The insect ])laced
itself astride over the rim to work, and, on
finishing each addition to the structure, took
a turn round, patting the sides with its feet
inside and out before flj'ing oft' to gather a
fresh pellet. It worked only in sunny weather,
and the previous layer was sometimes not
([uite dry when the new coating was added.
The whole structure takes about a week to
complete. I left the place before the gay little
builder had (juite finished her task : she did
not accompany the canoe, although we moved
along the bank of the river very slowly. On
opening closed nests of this species, which are
common in the neighborhood of Mahica, I al-
ways found them to bo stocked with small
spiders of the genus Gastracantha, in the usual
half-dead state to which the mother wasps
reduce the insects which are to serve as food
for their progeny.
Besides the Pelopffius there were three or
four kinds of Tiypoxjdon, a genus also found
in Europe, and which some naturalists have
supposed to be parasitic, because the legs are
not furnished with the usual row of strong
bristles for digging, characteristic of the fami
ly to which it belongs. The species of Try-
poxylon, however, are all building wasps ; two
of them which I observed (T,albitar8e and an
undescribed species ) provision their nests with
spiders, a third (T. aurifrons) with small cater-
jMllars, Their habits are similar to those of
the Pelopajus ; namely, they carry oflF the clay
in their mandibles, and have a dift'erent song
when they hasten away with the burthen, to
that which they sing whilst at work, Try-
pox3'lon albitarse, which is a large black kind,
three-quarters of an inch in length, makes a
tremendous fuss whilst building its cell. It
often chooses the walls or doors of chambers
for this purpose, and when two or thi-ee are
at work in the same place, their loud hum-
ming keeps the house in an uproar. The cell
is a tubular structure about three inches in
length. T. aurifrons, a much smaller species,
makes a neat little nest shaped like a carafe ;
building rows of them together in the corners
of verandahs.
But the most numerous and interesting of
the clay artificers are the workers of a species
of social bee, the Melipona fasciculata. The
Meliponas in tropical America take the place
of thetrueApides, to which the European hive-
bee belongs, and which are here unknown;
they are generally much smaller insects than
the hive-bees and have no sting. The M.
fasciculata is about a third shorter than the
Apis mellifica: its colonies are composed of an
immense number of individuals ; the workers
are generally seen collecting pollen in the When the Lord called Samuel in Shiloh, the
same way as other bees, but great numbers pious youth supposed the call was outward
are employed gathering clay. The rapidity land ran to Eli, saying " thou callcdst me ;" but
and precision of their movements whilst thus it seems the voice had struck his spiritual ear
engaged are wonderful. Thej" first scrape the 'only, otherwise the high priest, who was with-
clay with their mandibles ; the small portions in hearing would have heard it as well as the
gathered are then cleared by the anterior young prophet. — Fletcher.
paws and jiassed to the second pair of feet,
which, in their turn, conve}' them to the large
foliated expansions of the hind shanks which
are adajited normally in bei'S, as every one
knows, lor the collection ol'jiollen. The mid-
dle feet jiat the growing pellets (if niorlar on
the hind legs to keep them in a comjiact shape
as the particles are successivi'ly added. The
little hodsmen soon have as much as they can
carry, and the)- then fly oft'. I was for some
time ]iuz/,led to know what the bees did with
the clay; but I had afterwards plenty of op-
]iortunity for ascertaining. They cotistruct
their combs in any suitable crevice in trunks
of trees or periiendicular banks, and the clay
is required to build up a wall so as to close the
gap, with the exception of a small orifice for
their own entrance and exit. Most kinds of
Melipona^ are in this way masons as well as
workers in wax and pollen-gatherers. One
little species (undescribed) not more than two
lines long, builds a neat tubular gallery of
clay, kneaded with some viscid substance out-
side the entrance to its hive, besides blocking
up the crevice in the tree within which it is
situated. The mouth of the tube is trumpet-
shaped, and at the entrance a number of the
pigmy bees are always stationed apparently
acting as sentinels,
A hive of the Melipona fasciculata, which I
saw opened, contained about two quarts of
pleasantly-tasted liquid honey. The bees, as
already remarked, have no sting, but they
bite furiously when their colonies are dis-
turbed. The Indian who plundered the hive
was completely covered by them; thej- took
a particular fancy to the hair of his head, and
fastened on it by hundreds. I found forty-
five species of these bees in different jiarfs of
the country; the largest was half an inch in
length ; the smallest were extremely minute,
some kinds being not more than one-twelfth
of an inch in size. These tiny fellows are
often very troublesome in the woods, on ac-
count of their familiarity ; they settle on one's
face and hands ; and, in crawling about, get
into the ej-es and mouth, or up the nostrils.
Whilst on the snliject of bees, I may men-
tion that the neighborhoods of Santarem and
Villa Nova yielded me about 140 species.
The genera are for the most part dift'erent
from those inhabiting Europe. A ver}- large
number make their cells in hollow twigs and
branches. As in our own country, the in-
dustrious nest-Li . 'ding kinds are attended by
other species whicii do not work or store up
food for their progenj-. but deposit their ova
in the cells of their comrades. Some of these,
it is well known, countei-feit the dress and
general figure of their victims. To all appear-
ance this similarity of shape and colors be-
tween the parasite and its victim is given for
the purpose of deceiving the poor hard-work-
ing bee, which would otherwise revenge itself
by slaying its plunderers. Some ]iarasitic
bees, however, have no resemblance to the
species they impose upon ; jirobably they live
together on more friendly terms, or have some
other means of disarming suspicion.— i^a^e*'
Amazon.
28
THE FRIEND.
For "The Friend."
Obedience.
An ancient propliet of the Most High said :
"Hath the Lonl as great delight in burnt-
offerings and sacrifices, as in obeying the voice
of the Lord? Behold, to obej^ is bettor than
sacrifice, and to hearken than the fat of rams."
In accordance with this testimony our Holy
Eedeemer declared, "Not cverj- one that saith
unto me Lord, Lord, shall enter the kingdom
of heaven ; but he that doeth the will of mj^
Pather which is in heaven ;" and again on
another occasion: "AVhj- call ye me Lord,
Lord, and do not the things which I saj' ?"
It is then clear that nothing will secure a
substitute for unreserved obedience and sub-
mission to the Lord's manifested will. We
may also learn from our blessed Saviour's
words, John vii. : " My doctrine is not mine,
but His that sent me. If any man will do His
will, he shall know of the doctrine, whether it
be of God," — that thus doing the divine will
is the appointed means by which poor, lost,
blind man may be instructed in heavenly
things, and made wise unto salvation. Our
blessed Saviour has promised that the f'om-
forter, the Holy Ghost, the Spirit of truth,
shall abide with his children forever; shall
dwell with them, shall bo in them, shall lead
them into all truth, shall teach them all things
and bring all things to their remembrance.
What rich and ample provision is thus made
for all our spiritual needs : nothing is lacking
on the Lord's part, but on ours unhappily
there is too often a shrinking from the cross
to our natural inclinations which would attend
simple obedience to his teaching. May those
who thus hesitate remember that if we stum-
ble and fail here, there is an end of anj' pro-
gressin our heavenward journey, for no divided
offering will be accepted, the whole heart is
called for, and entire dedication and obedience
are required by ITim who has done so much
for us.
The path of simple submission and obedi-
ence leads to true peace, and is the only one
on which the divine blessing rests. The in-
spired prophet says, "If ye be willing and
obedient ye shall eat the good of the land ;"
and those who take Christ's yoke upon them
and endeavor to obey the gentle leadings of
the Spirit and follow Him faithfully, will
surely find in the end that "godliness is pro-
fitable for all things, bavin promise of the
life that now is, and of aiat which is to
come."
In the tender mercy and compassion of our
dear Eedeemer he visits his children in their
early days, and invites them to give their
hearts to him, and perhaps at the same time,
points out some little sacrifice which he re-
quires as a test of their love and obedience.
When this is the case may none suffer the
cruel enemj' of their souls to deceive them
with the false idea that Chi'ist's j'oke is heavy,
and his cross grievous to bo borne. If cheer-
ful obedience is j-ieldod, our Saviour's declara-
tion will be found true, that his " yoke is easy
and his burden light." More grace will be
given together with a little of his sweet peace,
so that such will increasingly desire that Ho
may rule and reign supreme in their hearts,
and lead them safely through the dangers, and
trials and temptations of this life, and finally
receive them with all his ransomed and re-
deemed ones into that kingdom of peace, joj-
and holiness which will endure forever.
" WATCHING AND WAITING."
AV.Tlcliing! waiting! Lord, for tliee,
Watching for thy pre.sence liere,
AVaiting for thy coming near;
Ope our eyes and bid u.s see
That our life is hid in thee.
When onr life is dark and drear,
Watching — still at thy command,
Waiting fir a brigliter land.
Let tlie day.spring soon appear
Omen of thy presence near.
When onr life is bright and cheer,
Watching, lest the Master come,
Waiting, 'till onr work be done;
All with joy, and not with fear,
AVelcorae ! then thy presence near.
Welcome I Will the snmmons wait,
Watching, thro' the valley's shade.
Waiting, Thou onr guide and aid,
At early dawn or evening late,
Ope for us the pearly gate.
Bid ns freely enter in.
Watching, then's forever past!
Waiting — Heaven is gained at last ;
White our robes, and free from sin,
Saviour, Lord, we'll enter in.
Selected.
LIVE TO DO GOOD.
Live to do good ; bnt not with thought to win
From man return of any kindness done;
Remember Ilim who died on cross for sin.
The merciful, the meek, rejected One:
When He was slain for crime of doing good,
Canst thou expect return of gratitude ?
Do good to all ; bnt while tlion servest best.
And at tliy greatest cost, nerve tliee to bear,
When tliine own heart with anguish is opprest,
The crnel taunt, the cold averted air.
From lips which thon hast taught in hope to pray.
And eyes whose sorrows thou hast wiped away.
Still do thou good ; bnt for His holy sake
Who died for thine; tixing thy purjiose ever
Iligli as His throne no wrath of man can shake ;
So shall He own thy generous endeavor,
And take thee to His conrpieror's glory up,
Wlien thon hast shared the Saviour's bitter cup.
Do naught bnt good; for such the noble strife
Of virtue is, 'gainst wrong to venture love,
And for thy foe devote a brother's life,
Content to wait the recompense above ;
Brave for the truth, to fiercest insult meek.
In mercy strong, in vengeance only weak.
G. W. Bethune.
Doctors and Medicines. — The following au-
thentic story of a Chicago doctor will blend
amuseinent with instruction : We are often
told that doctors never take medicine of their
own or any one else's recommending. I was
reminded of this a few months ago. I went
into the office of one of Chicago's most cele-
brated physicians to obtain a prescription for
a cold and hoarseness. While he was writing
it out he casually mentioned that, having
been out in the terrible storm of the previous
day, a severe cold had resulted, ami that in
the morning he could scarcely speak aloud.
As I folded the proscription — which was
Egyptian to me, but seems to be the mother
tongue of druggists- — •[ ventured to inquire
what he had taken for his hoarseness? "Loaf
sugar and lemons," was the placid reply.
Well, that remedy of drugs was never used,
for I found "loaf sugar and lemons" excel-
lent.
By ignorance is pride increased ;
Those most assume who know the least:
Their own self-balance gives thein weight.
But every other finds them light.
English Colliers.
A coal-pit viewed from the earth's surface
has not a very imposing appearance. It
simply a round hole, about twice the size
an ordinary table, and straddling over it is
sort of gallows, a wire rope, as thick as one'l
wrist, hanging down over a wheel and lost in'
the depths below. ,
Bj- and by the action is reversed, a clinkingi
is heard in the adjoining engine-shed, and up '
comes the "tub" (a square box holding 2200 -
weight), filled with coal. I viewed the coarse,
strong tub with approbation, making sure
that as soon as it was emptied we should all
get into it ; but in this I was disappointed. It
was not in the tub, but standing on the grat-
ing on which the tub had stood, that we had
to descend ; on the naked grating, with noth-
ing to " hold on to" but a cross chain over-
head. But the pit was only 60O feet deep,
and the coal smoke that arose from the enor-
mous mine furnace below was not unbearable
by the time it had benuiubcd one's senses a
bit.
Six hundred feet down, and a half a mile I
this way or that, under low arched roofs, from ;(
which depended frequent fleeces of fungus,
snow white, and looking like lamb's wool,
and making the black walls, lit by feeble tal-
low dips, stuck there in dabs of claj', blacker
than over. W^e all carried tallow dips, stuck
in balls of clay, and in Indian file followed the
" buttoy" and his foreman through the turn- 1
ings and windings that led to the " chambers"
from which the coal was being hewn.
Chambers are as wide as an ordinary street, i
and as high as the three-storied houses, and
on every side, whenever the dingy light of '
the red-nosed dip was shifted, was revealed a
human creature, naked to the waist and j
blacker than any sweep, and with a weapon
in his hand that, in the uncertain light, looked
like a tomahawk, grinning at you, making a
dash with his weapon apparently in the direc-
tion of your visage, but which alights harm-
lessly on the face of the coal wall. Heavers,
packers, tubbers, fillers — these are all men,
and hard as the work is, they earn good wages.
They don't dislike the labor, and thej' are jolly
enough — all except the boys, that so perpetu-
ally haunted me after I returned from Staf-
fordshire. It is villauously cruel to serve the
poor little chaps so.
The matter stands this way. The hewer
is the man whose business it is to " break in"
at the foot of a coal wall. He lies on his side
or on his stomach, and he breaks in with a
pick right along for a length say twenty feet,
a gap that is two feet or less in height. He
pecks his way' into the ro< k until he has bur-
rowed sixteen or eighteen feet. Naturally,
in the process of pecking, he makes a great
deal of " slack," or stnall coal, and the boy in
question is called the " slack boy." Regarded
as a boy, as a human creature, he is slack in-
deed. He is more like a large sized monkey.
All fours is his perpetual posture, and ho
wears a leather girdle about his waist, from
which an iron chain depends, the other end
of it being attached to an iron cart. The slack
boy has an iron shovel as well, and the busi-
ness of his wretched life is to crawl in at the
hole the hewer makes, to fill his cart with
chips and dust, and then crawl out again with
the load, always on his hands and knees, with
his poor limbs hung about with a few rags of
which nakedness might be ashamed. — London
Society.
THE FRIEND.
29
London General Epistle, ISJi.
l)ear FrieinN. — Wi-' consider it to be :i caiiso
V.r luimble tliaiikfulness that we have been
main permitted to assemble as a religious
IhkIv, and to conduct the concerns of the So-
! i.tV in brotherly love. In the flowino; of this
l.ive we again address j-ou, and tenderly salute
vmu all in the name of our Lord JesusChrist.
Epistles have been received, as in iormer
years, from our friends in Ireland and North
America, which have been very acceptable to
this meeting ; ami we have felt satisfaction in
maintaining a friendl}' intercourse with our
lieloved distant brethren.
( The sense which we have now been per-
mitted to enjoy of the overshadowing wing of
divine goodness, has afforded a renewed evi-
dence that we are, as a church, built on that
foundation than which none other can be laid,
iwhich is Jesus Christ.
Our forefathers in the truth were, as we
believe, remarkably visited with the day-
spring from on high ; and under the fresh and
powerful influences of the Holy Ghost, were
enabled to ])roclaira among men the purity
,iid spirituality of the gospel of our Redeemer.
They professed to be instructed in no new
truths; they had nothing to add to the f\iith
once delivered to the saints; they cordially
acknowledged the divine authority of the
Holy Scriptures ; they were deeply versed in
the contents of the sacred volume; and they
openly confessed that whatsoever doctrine or
practice is contrarj' to its declarations must
be •' accounted and reckoned a delusion of the
devil." But it was evidently their especial
duty, in the Christian church, to call away
their fellow men from a dependence upon out-
ward forms, to invite their attention to the
witness for God in their own bosoms, and to
set forth the immediate and perceptible opera-
tions of the Holy Spirit.
It was given them to testify that this divine
influence was to be experienced not only in
connection with the outward means of re-
ligious instruction, but in the striving of the
Spirit with a dark and unregenerate world ;
and in those gracious visitations to the mind
of man which are independent of every ex-
ternal circumstance.
Nothing could be more clear than the tes-
timony which they bore to the eternal divinity
of the Son of God, to his coming in the flesh,
and to his propitiatory offering, on the cross,
for the sins of the whole world ; and they re-
joiced in the benefits of the Christian revela-
tion, hy which these precious truths are made
known to mankind. They went forth to
preach the gospel, under a firm conviction
that in consequence of this sacrifice for sin,
all men are placed in a capacity of salvation.
.And they called on their hearers to mind the
light of "the Spirit of Christ, that they might
be thereby convinced of their transgressions,
and led to a living faith in that precious blood
through which alone we can receive the for-
giveness of our sins, and be made partakers
of the blessed hope of life everlasting.
We wish to assure our dear friends, every-
where, that we still retain the same unalter-
able principles, and desire to be enabled, under
every varietj- of circumstances, steadily to
uphold them.
While we are anxious that all our members
ally illuminate its jiages, and unfold their con-
tents to the eye of the soul. " I'or whul man
knowcth the "things of a man, save the sjiirit
of man which is in him? even so the things
of God knoweth no man, but the Spirit of
God." el Cor. ii. 11. j As this is our humble
endeavor, the various features of divine truth
will bo gradually unfolded to the seeking
mind. We beseech you, dear friends, care-
fully to avoid all partial and exclusive views
of religion, for these have ever been found to
be the nurse of cri-or. The truth as it is in
Jesus forms a perfect whole ; its parts are not
to be contrasted, much less opposed to each
other. The}- all consist in beautiful hai-mony ;
they must be gratefully accejited in their true
completeness, and applied with all diligence
to their practical purpose. That purpose is
the renovation of our fallen nature, and the
salvation of our never-dying souls.
How precious is it to remember that in the
prosecution of this great object the humble
christian is strengthened, bj- the indwelling
of the Holy (Jhost, for his race of righteous-
ness, and is furnished with an infallible in-
ward guide to true holiness. The pride of his
heart is broken down by a power beyond his
own ; his dispositions are rectified ; and now
he can listen to that still small voice of Israel's
Shepherd in the soul, which guides to the
practice of every virtue. Wc beseech you,
dear friends, not to rest satisfied with a mere
notion of this blessed doctrine, but to apply
it with all watchfulness and diligence to your
daily life and conversation. Thus alone can
we escape from the sijirit of the world, with
all its covetousness and vanity, maintain the
true simplicity and integritj- of the ehi'istian
character, and finally perfect "holiness in the
fear of God." (2 Cor. vii. 1.)
The distraints made on our members during
the last year for tithes and other ecclesiastical
demands, amount to upwards of twelve thou-
sand eight hundred |iounds ; and one Friend
is now suffering inii)risonment in the jail at
Carlow, in Ireland, in consequence of his con
scientious refu.sal to paj- tithes. In commu
reverently sitting at his feet ; and in the silence
of all Mesh, may we yet know II im, to teach
us, who leaclu'th as never man taught.
In order to experience this great blessing
it is absolutely necessary that we should guard
against a careless and indolent state of mind,
and should maintain that ]iaticnt and diligent
exercise of sold before the Lord, without which
our meetings cannot be held in the life and
power of ti'utb.
We would remind our young fricntis who
have received a guarded religious education
amongst us, that they can never be livingmem-
bers of the church of Christ, without ba])iism.
And what is the baptism which can thus unite
them in fellowship with the body? " not the
putting away of the filth of the fl"esh," (1 Pet.
iii. 21.) or the perforniancc of any external
rite; it is "the washing of regeneration and
renewing of the Holy Ghost." (Titus iii. 5.)
Never forget, we lieseech you, that vain will
be the advantages which you have derived
from the teachings of your fellow men, unless
j-ou are truly born of the Spirit, and become
new creatures in Christ Jesus.
While we confess our continued conviction
that all the ceremonies of the Jewish law
were fulfilled and finished by the death of
Christ, and that no shadows, in tho worship
of God, were instituted by our Lord or have
anj- place in the Christian dispensation," we
feel an earnest desire that we may all be par-
takers of the true supper of tho Lord. (Uev.
iii. 20.) Let us ever hold in solemn and thank-
ful remembrance the one great sacrifice for
sin. Let us seek for that living faith, by
which we may be enabled to eat the flesh of
the Son of man and drink his blood. F(5r,
said our blessed Lord, "Except ye cat the
flesh of the Son of man and drink his blood,
ye have no life in you." (John vi. 53.) Thus
will our souls be replenished and satisfied, and
our strength renewed in the Lord.
We are solicitous that friends everywhere,
may be encouraged to cultivate a greater
depth of religious experience; that they may
avoid all evil surmisings, all party spirit, all
this information, we wish to remind unholy zeal ; that they may be clothed in the
nieating
you, that one important result of the imme-
diate influence of the Spirit, is the distribution
of gifts in the church tor the edification of the
body. The testimony which, as a Society, we
have long borne to the frei'dom and spiritu-
ality of the christian ministry, is, we trust,
increasingly understood in the world, and
never was the steadfast maintenanceof it more
necessary than at present. Let us never for-
"■et that there can be no right appointment
To the sacred oflice, except by the call of our
Lord Jesus Christ, nor any true qualification
for the exercise of the gift, except by the
direct and renewed influence of the Holy
Spirit. Let us not fail to bear in mind that
these influences are not at our command, and
that unless they are distinctly bestowed for
the purpose, no"ofterings, either in preaching
or prayer, can ever be rightly made in our
assemblies for divine worship.
We entreat our dear friends not to be weary
or ashamed of their public silent waiting upon
God. It is a noble testimony to the spiritu-
alit}^ of true worship — to our sense of the
weakness and ignorance of man, and of the
oodness and power of tho Almighty. May
should exercise a daily diligence in the perusaljour dependence, on these occasions, be plac
of the sacred volume, we would earnestly in
vite them to wait and pray for that divine
immediate teaching, which can alone effectu-
on that gracious Saviour, who promised to be
with his disciples when gathered together in
his name, (ilatt. xxiii. 20.) May we be found
meekness and gentleness of Christ, and bo
abundantly endued with that precious charity
which is the bond of perfect ness.
The unity which as a society, wc have long
enjoyed, is indeed attended with many ad-
vantages, both civil and religious. It is a
means of strength, and a source of much hap-
piness; and we would exhort all our members
to watch unto prayer, that they may bo en-
abled, by the grace of our Holy Head, to pre-
serve it inviolate.
May " the God of all grace who hath called
us unto his eternal glory by Christ Jesus,
after that ye have suttered awhile, make you
perfect, stal'lish, strengthen, settle you. To
him be glorj- and dominion for ever and ever.
Amen."''(l Pet. v. 10, 11.)
[This is the epistle referred to in the ex-
tract from I). Wheeler, in "The Friend," Sth
mo. 30th, 1873.]
^-*
Various indeed are the dispensations through
which the Lord sees it needful to bring His
chosen servants, preparatory to the produc-
tion of acceptable fruits unto Him ; yet He is
never wanting to sustain and help those who
put their trust and confidence in Him, and
who give up the will to Him, excluding self,
and watching and warring against it, in all
its varied appearances.
30
THE FRIEND.
Dr. Livingstone on liie East African Slave Trade.
The followini;- letter to Sir Rdderiek Mur
chison, dated Poonali, ISth of 5th mo. 18G-t
from Dr. Livingstone, in which he refers to
the subject ever in his thoughts as an African
traveller, will be read with new interest now
that the mission of Sir Bartle Prerc has been
successful at Zanzibar: — " We arived at Bom-
bay on the 13th instant, after a passage of
forty-four daj-s from Zanzibar. From Zanzi-
bar we crept along the African coast in order
to profit by a current of at least one hundred
miles a day. Tf Solomon's ships went as far
south as Sofala, as some suppose, they could
not have done it during the southwest mon-
soon against such a current. We went along
beautifully till we got past the line; we then
fell in with calm, which continued altogether
24J days. The sea was as smooth as glass ;
and as we had but one stoker, we couid not
steam more than ton hours at a time. By
patience and perseverance we have at length
accomplished our voyage of 2,500 miles, but
now I feel at as great a loss as ever. I came
here to sell my steamer, but with tiiis comes
the idea of abandoning Africa before accom-
plishing something against the slave trade ;
the ihought of it makes me feel as though I could
not lie at peace in my grave, ivith all the evils I
know so well going on unchecked. What makes
it doubly galling is, that while the policy of
our government has, to a very gratifying ex-
tent, been successful on the west coast, all
efforts on the east coast have been rendered
ineffectual by a scanty Portuguese convict
population. The same measures have been
in operation on the east coast, the same ex-
pense, and the same dangers, the same heroic
services have been performed b}- her Majesty's
cruisers, and yet all in vain. The Zanzibar
country is to be now more closely shut up
than ever, and unless we have an English
settlement somewhere on the main land, be-
yond the so-called dominion of the Portuguese,
all repressive measures will continue fruitless."
— Journal of the Royal Geographical Society.
The Advantages of Educating Children in the
Knowledge of ike Holy Scriptures. — Our hon-
oraljle Friend George Whitehead, says : " 1
always had a love to the Bible, and to read-
ing therein, from mj' childhood, yet did not
truly understand, nor experience those doc-
trines essential to salvation, nor the new
covenant dispensation, until my mind was
turned to the light of Christ, the living
eternal Word, the entrance whereof giveth
light and understanding to the simple. Yet
I do confess, it was some advantage to me
frequently to read the Holy Scriptures, when
I was ignorant, and did not understand the
great and essential things therein testified of
For when the Lord bad livingly in some
measure opened my understanding in the
holy Scriptures, by my often rcatling the
same before, having the better remembrance
thereof, it was a help and advantage to my
secret meditations, when a livel}' sense and
comfort of the Scrijitures was in measure
given me by the Spirit, and thereby I was
the more induced to the serious reading and
consideration of what I read in the holy Scrip-
tures, and the comfort thereof made known
by tlie holy Spirit enlightening the under-
Standing. It is through faith which is in
Christ, that the holy .Scriptures are said to
make the man of God, ' Wise unto salvation,
and profitable to him, for doctrine, reproof,
admonition and instruction in righteousness,
that he may be perfect and thorougly fur-
nished in every good word and work.' "Doubt-
less, Paul esteemed Timothy's knowing the
holy Scriptures from a child to be some ad-
vantage and help to him, but it was princi-
pally through faith, which is in Christ Jesus.
These things considered, I would not have
Christian parents remiss in educating, and
causing their children to read the holy Scrip-
tures, but to induce them both to learn and
frequentlj' to read therein. It may be of real
advantage and profitable to them, when they
come to have their understandings enlighten-
ed, and to know the Truth as it is in Christ
Jesus. I have sometimes observed children
in reading the Bible, have been affected with
the good things they have read, from a secret
belief of them, which hath had such impres-
sion, that they have been induced to a more
serious consideration thereof, when the Lord
has opened their understandings in some mea-
sure, by the light of his grace in them.
By what I have here declared in commend-
ation of holy Scripture, and the advantage
thereof, I would not be understood to limit
the gift of the Spirit of God, or ministry there-
of, or any of his divine graces, from the illiter-
ate, the unlearned, or from persons of little
education, — as ploughmen, herdsmen, shep-
herds, fishermen, &c. For God hath given of
his good Spirit, and spiritual gifts to such, and
hath promised ' to pour out of his Spii-it upon
all flesh ; and that sons and daughtei-s should
prophesy.' And Moses said, 'Would God that
all the Lord's people were prophets, and that
he would put his Spirit upon them.' Among
whom both men and women, learned and un-
learned, are included."
For "The FrienJ."
The following account of the severity of the
winter of 1715 and '16 in England, is taken
from the Stamford Mercury, of First month
14th, 1716, saitl to be the second paper pub
lished in England, and then only havincr
reached its seventh volume. This winter is
said to have been, with the single exception of
that of 1708 9, the most rigorous ever known
in these islands.
" The Thames has now become one solid
rock of ice ; coaches, carriers with their horses
and tlieir wagons, have passed like a public
road ; booths, for the sale of brandy, wine,
ale and othrr liquors, have been fixed there
for some time. But now it is made in a man-
ner like a town, thousands and thousands of
people cross it, and with wonder view the
mountainous heaps of water that now lie con
gealed into ice, notwithstanding the resistance
given to the cold by the movement of the tide.
On Thursday a pretty large cook's shop was
erected there, and people went as regularly
to the ordinary, as they do in the city. Over
against Westminster Hall, Whitehall and
White Fryars, printing presses are kept upon
the ice, where thousands of people have their
names printed off, to transmit the wonders of
the season to their children. It has not much
longer to continue to equal, or even to out-do
the great frost (1709) which is now made, as
it were, an era of time." Again, on the 19th :
'' The booths on the Thames increase daily,
where all manner of goods are sold ; anil this
day three whole oxen were roasted upon it,
viz., one near Lambeth, the second near St!
below London bridge, where people walk on
the ice, as it is said, beyond Gravesend."
So severe was the frost, that even when a
strong spring-tide came on the 21st, and over-
flowed Palace Yard, raising the ice "many feet
perpendicular," it caused no interruption to
the diversions on the Thames.
Following the iron frost came a magnificent
aurora borealis, which attracted much atten-
tion, and is described at full; and a formid-
able phenomenon was observed at Elstone,
near Newark, which is thus described by a
minister, an eye-witness: "On Tuesday last,
the 6th of March, when coming home from
my house in Newark, I observed in the south-
west a long and broad stream of light issuing
out of a darkish cloud (betwixt twenty and
twenty-five degrees of the horizon as near as
1 can guess) like to the beams of the sun set-
ting in a drizzling evening, the stream point-
ing directly towards the zenith. I was some-
what amazed at it, considering the sun had
been more than an hour set, and the moon's
rising not being till morning. Presently after
some other streams issued outof another cloud
near to the former with a verj' unusual light,
and with a variety of colors, black, blue, flame-
color, yellow, &c., and so more and more till
all that part of the heavens was overspread.
During this whole time, never were seen such
contentions (as it were) as betwixt these me-
teors— being all in confusion, and darting one
against another, with an incredible force and
swiftness, for about an hour and a half.
Through all that region of air, where this con-
fusion and strife (fori can term it nothing else)
was, the stars appeared clear as through athin,
bright smoke, or as the sun sometimes through
a thin bright cloud. The other part of the
heaven, towards the north, east and the south-
east was very clear, the stars bright and twink-
ling, as in a winter's night, when there is no
moon. About nine at night, these meteors
(if I may so call them) in a great measure dis-
appeared, but not quite; somefaintsort of con-
tentions (as it were) were still perceived : and
about ten of the clock they broke out a<^ain
with a fresh violence in the same manner as
before, and so continued till about halfpast
eleven. About twelve, a bright globular body
appeared, as big as, and like the sun at his
rising, but not quite so clear. Indeed it was
the most astounding sight I ever yet beheld.
During this time the light was such that I
myself, (though now almost sixty years of
age,) and another minister did read several
titles of the books in the Bible, without any
use of art. The night was calm, not so much
as a breath of wind was perceived. It began,
according to my opinion, in the north-west,
and so drew round to the south-east. It was
observed by a thousand people, not without,
the greatest wonder, and with strange appre-
hensions; some looking for the day of jud"--
ment, others as the presages of future events
and calamities."
Jonathan Burnyeat.
In the early days of our religious Society,
there were several remarkable instances of
persons quite j-oung in life giving themselves
up unreservedly to serve and follow the Lord;
and who, after experiencing the renewino-,
transforming power of Divine Grace, were
called
into the miuistr^^, and made able
preachers of the Gospel of life and salvation.
..Among these was Jonathan Burnyeat, of
Paul's wharf, and the third near Eotherhith,| whom " that worthy Elder and faithful ser-
THE FRIEND.
31
vant of Jesus Christ," James Dickinson speaks tional eharactor of a few in this respect bein<'
as follows : •• In the forepart of the year WM, :ditticiili to establish. Jle recomnu-nds, there^
L had drawings in my luind to visit Friends fore, that woolen garments colored with ani-
in Scotland, and proceeded on that service in 'line colors should not be worn next the skin
:ompajiy with Jonathan Eurnyeat (son of and suggests as a test for these colors, that a
portion of the wool bo heated to boiling, in a
John Burnj-eatj, who had the like concern
As lie was very young, and had not travelled
in Truth's service before, a concern tell upon
test-tube, with 90 per cent, alcohol, and if the
latter acipiire a red, violet, or violet blue tint
me for his preservation every way. The Lord j the coloring matter is suspicious.— L^fe Paper.
ivas kiud to us, and bore up our spirits in all
■ UL- exercises. My companion was deejil^'
ipcned into the mysteries of God's kingdom ■
ind grew in his gift, so as to give counsel to
.-oung and old ; he was ver}- zealous against
Jeceit and wickedness, both in professor and
)rofaDe; and often rcjiroved such. We tra-
elled together through the south and west
arts of Scotland, to Dougla.s, Hamilton and
Hasgow, and liad many meetings among the
eople; laboring to turn their minds to th
THE FRIEND.
SIXTH MONTH 1.3, 1873.
Poisonous Woolen Goods. — Dr. Hagar states
'at a number of cases have occurred in Berlin,
here colored woolen garments, worn next
■e skin, have produced a peculiar kind of
Jiisoning. Violet-gray woolen stockings, after
iving been worn less than six hours, caused
dncss of the skin, and permanent pustules,
; connection with feverish symptoms, and
■ nstipation. The same results followed after
e stockings had been treated with boiling
"ater. Similar symptoms were produced by
■ay woolen shirts, next the skin, and by the
:d binding of others. He considers aniline
florsasarule poisonous in their action upon
■e skin, as has been established in regard to
"ralline, in spite of all denials ; the excep-
CANADA YEARLY MEICTINti.
We have received a-printed copy of the pro-
ceedings of the above-named meeting during
its session of 1873 ; from which it appear.'S^
that epistles were read from other Yearly
jord Jesus Christ, who is the light of the Meetings, and one general epistle sent to them
rovld; warning all who professed the light ■• ■ " •
3 be their way, to be careful to walk therein,
hat the}- might know their communion to in
re&se with the Lord, their iellowship one
'ith another, and the blood of Christ to
leanse them from all unrighteousness. Then
'6 travelled down into the north, and had
lany precious meetings. From thence we
Jturned to the Yearly Meeting in Edinburu-,
•here we met with man}- brethren. Abund-
iQce of people came y.> the meeting, who were
i;ry rude and wicked, and labored to disturb
< : but the testimonj- of truth cominc- over
1, some among them were troubled and
lained down by the powerof God. We were
jejil}- bound under a sense of the Lord's
vor to us ; yet under great sorrow to see
le wickedness of the people. A concern
ime upon Jonathan Burnyeat to write a
arning to the inhabitants of that place,
hich was afterwards' put in print to answer
■< M-rviee. Then wo travelled to Kelso, and
>ilL'd Friends there; so to Berwick-upon-
wcL'd; trom thence to Xorthumberland, and
.id meetings at several places; many hearts
ere reached by the power of Truth. Being
ear we returned home, and witnessed peace
• tlow in our souls."
From a note in the 12th volume Friends'
library, page 39S, it appears that Jonathan
arnyeat was born on the 4th of the Eleventh
onth, 1(386, and died on the 5th of the Third
onth, 1709, in the twenty-third year of his
le. When he accompanied James Dickin-
'n in the gospel service referred to in the
■eceding extract, he was consequently only a
.tie more than twelve years of age. He died
! Graythwaits in Cumberland, and the dates
'■ his birth and decease, are copied from the
Igisters of Pardshaw Monthly Meeting.
all in repl}-. At the request of one of tne
Quarterly Meetings, the conclusion of the
Yearly Meeting last year to proceed in the
building of a liouse to accommodate a Board-
ing School was reconsidered, and the whole
subject deferred until another j-car. Adam
Spencer was ajipointed Clerk and Levi Varney
Assistant. Alter reading and answering the
Queries and replies thereto, a minute of advice
was adopted and directed to be read in the
Quarterly Meetings and at the clo.se of First-
da}- meetings; from which we take the fol-
lowing :
■' ' For'God so loved the world that He gave
His only begotten Son, that whosoever be-
lieveth in Him should not perish, but have
everlasting lite,' is a truth we renewedly feel
to be precious. We are also reminded that
He who caused the dry bones to live, will en-
able us to live belore Him. by the influence of
His spirit in us. The Spirit of Truth is come,
and will lead us into all truth and out of all
error. If we adhere to his teachings we shall
be directed aright and in harmony. He does
not lead one person one way, and another in
an op))osite direction. The mind of Truth is
the same now as it ever was. It is the same
to us as it was to our fathers; its teachings
the same. The promptings to diversity of
thought and action are of the natural man,
and are evidences of remaining iiifirmit}-.
The eflect of the leaven of the kingdom "of
heaven, is to leaven into one lump. The
greater the attainment of perfection in Christ,
the nearer we come into 'the unity of the
Spirit in the bond of peace,' and the greater
the power for good. The nearer this stand-
ard is arived at, the less will be known of a
judging Spirit, and more care will be exer-
cised not to put a stumbling-block or an occa-
sion to fall in a brother's vvay. The nearer
the different members of the body are united
to Christ Jesus the Head, the more will those
members give evidence of complete redemp
tion. The tree being made good the fruit
will also be good — tiio fruit will show what
the tree is. If we have been with Jesus, men
will take knowledge of the blessed fact by our
fruits: and this knowledge will promote our
service in the truth. If we belong to the fam-
ily of 'fod and faithfully regard his teachings,
He will not suffer us to wound the least of
His children, by any harsh word or untoward
act. If through unwatchfulness we should
do so, our Fat her w-ill require us to confess
that fault to those we have oftended. Such
acknowledgments open the way to near access
to Him, and barriers to worship, especially in
the household, are thus I'emoved. We were
encouraged to faithfulness in this engagement,
to every manifested duty therein."
The Meeting of Ministers and KIders sent
a minute to the Yearly Meeting, which was
"recommentied to the attention Of Friends;"
it concludes as follows:
"We were reminded of the declaration of
our dear Saviour, ' without me ye can do no-
thing.' May we dwell near that unfailing
source, so as to be qualified for usefulness in
the Church, and to walk worthy of the voca-
tion wherewith we are called with all lowli-
ness and meekness. As each one is engaged
to do his own part as a member of the body
of Christ, acting under the influence of Ills
spii-it, we shall become as lively stones, fitted
to fill the place designed for us in the spiritual
temjile, in the building up the superstructure,
the sound of a hammer is not heard. Thus
dwelling upon the watch-tower, and keeping
the mind singly fixed upon the Great Captain,
we shall see eye to eye; harmony and lovo
will prevail, and we shall be enabled, as with
one heart and one mouth, to glorify God,
even the Father."
A communication was received and read
from the Ontario and Quebec Temperance
and Prohibitory Leagues, referred to a Com-
mittee and an answer returned by the meet-
ing. A rule was adopted making it a disown-
able offence to import, manufacture, or vend
intoxicating liquors, or to sell grain or other
produce for their manufacture. A clause was
also introduced that ''No other than the strict-
ly medicinal use of intoxicating drinks is to
be allowed."
The reports show there are belonging to the
Yearlj' Meeting. '-21 MeetiiiL'S. 230 families.
211 parts of families, 2-17 children of school
age — nearly all are attending common schools
— 1,400 members, 17 deceased within the past
year, nine received by certificate fi-orn other
Meetings. 1-1 received into membership by
convincement, two disowned, six removed out
of the Yearlv Meetin;/."
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
FoRKlON. — The Frenoli government lias been notitieJ
from Berlin llint, Erance having fnllllleil all her engage-
ments, the occnpalion of Ereneh territorv by the Ger-
man forees i.s legally enileti. The evacuation of Venlun
by the Oernians lias begun.
The American citizens, resident in Paris, projioscd
to disphiy the United .Slates flag on the 4tli inst., in
honor of tlie proclamation of the IVencli Republic, but
the Prefect .strongly objected and they forebore doing
The Minister of the Interior has issued an order pro-
hibiting the pnblication of the radical Republican jour-
nal I,e I'euple Suuferain, because of the appearance in
its cohuiins of articles inciting to di.sturbance, and con-
tempt of the government.
The London police force numbers 9,761 men, who
patrol, night and day, li.Gl'i miles of streets. The num-
ber of arrest* in ii>72 \va.s 7S.'2():). The arrests for
drunkenness are increa-sing, but those for theft and
other crimes are diminishing. The large supplies of
tin now coming into the markets of Europe from Aus-
tralia are aftecling the shares in the mines of Cornwall.
We learn from a recent return, that the value of gold
and minerals raised in llie colony of Victoria since the
first discovery of the gold lields down to the end of 1.S72,
was estimated at i;l»iS,"iliii,(_i:j:j, which is made up prin-
cipallv from gold, silver, tin, copper and anlimonv, as
follows : Gold, £l(iS,14<l,atlo ; silver, £-3281 ; tin, £281,-
lO-J; copper, £-5810, and antimony, £77,2:37.
On the .Jth inst. the Spanish Ministry resigned in a
body. In the session of the Spanish Cortes, held tlie
0th inst., Castelar dcmamletl as the conditions on which
he would accejit ollice, that he be empowered to in-
crease the army, iiurchase oOO,000 rifles, organize the
32
THE FRIEND.
Superfine flour, $5.50 a $6.2C
; State
White
militia, and impose a forced loan or be furnished with 5 per cents ir2. . j ' i- -„ a,,
adequate meaus^o meet theexpensesof the war against extra, $7.oO a ^,.3U; tiner brands, J/.oO a $1(
tl^barlists and Communists. He aUo demanded au- Michigan -''-'4, f ' f ^ ^i^. ^Cf .f "^ ^S^t^ ^0,ts
thorlty to suspend the constitutional guarantees, ^c., Cucago spring bl.b4 a »l.bo, ISo. o do., i^^^^^^^^^^
when in his JLuigment the measure became necessary. , 4o a 51 cs. bellow corn bb a b, cts white 69 a 7-
Tie Cortes unanlmonslv voted to confer all the powers cts PA.7acWj.Am.-Middling cotton 20| a 21 J cts for
demanded. On the Ttli the Cortes elected Castelar uplands and ^ew Orleans Superhne flour SS.oO a
aemamiei. vj iS4.50; finer brands. So a $10. White wheat, :i.l./o a
The garrison of Berga, besieged by the Carlists, ;Sl.85 ; amber, $1.7() ; western red Sl.62aSl.67 Mixed
threateifto evacuate the town unless supplies arrive corn 64 a bo cts^; yellow, bb cts. Oats, 40 a 4,^ cts.
Smoked hams, 14 a 16 cts. Lard, }^o a 9 cts. (.lover-
'°The Carli.sts have carried oft' from Vera a number of seed, 9.1 a 10 cts. The receipts of beef cattle at the
women, who were chosen bv ballot in the province of Avenue Drove-yard were about 4200 head. Choice
Biscay, to make uniforms for the Carlist soldiers. The land extra sold at 6.1 a .J cts per lb. gross; fair to good
Spanish government forces at Bilboa, now invested bylo a b cts and common, o, a 4, cts. Abou 16 000
the CarllJ^s, have sutticient provisions on hand to last | sheep sold at 4J a 6] cs per lb. gross, and 6,000 hog, at
throu-h the winter. All commercial traffic between $7.25 a $7.37 J per 100 lb. ne for corn fed. Chicago.-
the city and the port has been prohibited, in order to Spring extra flour, bo.50 a ^6.3,. • jSo. 1 spring wdieat
allow full plav for the guns of the Spanish war ships.
The iron-clads Almanza and Vittoria, have been sent
by the British Vice-Adrairal to Gibraltar. The in-
written remon-
surgent leaders in Cartagena sent
etrance against the removal of the vessels, but did not
attempt opposition by force.
The Carlists claim that Spaniards in Cuba are con-
tributing liberallv to their cause. There are now about
40,000 Carlists under arms in Spain. They are making
arrangements to re-establish a cannon foundry near the
town of Fortosa.
The insurgent Junta in Cartagena is sending emis-
saries, who are plentifully provided with money, to
Barcelona, to organize a movement in favor of a .separate
government for'Catalonia. A Madrid dispatch of the
8th says: The new Ministry is announced to-day. It
is constituted as follows: Castelar, President, without a
portfolio iCarvajal, Minister of Foreign Afl'airs ; Berges,
Minister of Justice; Pedregal, Minister of Finance;
Cervera, Minister of Public Works ; Lieutenant ( ieneral
Sanchez Bregna, Minister of War ; Oveiro, Minister of
Marine; Maisonava, Minister of the Interior; Salor,
Minister of Colonies. Castelar and his colleagues will
make a powerful effort to crush both the Carlists and
the insurgents of Cartagena and other cities.
A Bombay dispatch of the 2d says : A ferry boat
on the Indus, while cro.ssing the river near Kairah,
capsized and sunk in deep water. She was crowded
with passengers, of whom ninety are reported to be
drownpfl .
On the night of the 7th inst., the scpiare of buildings
in Havana, known as the Piaza Vapor, was entirely
destroyed by tire. About twenty lives were lost by the
fire, and the estimated loss of property near one million
of dollars.
London, 9th mo. 8th.— Consols 92J. U. S. 10-40, 5
per cents, 92.1 ; new fives, 911.
Liverpool. — Uplands cotton, 8ld. a dd. ; Orleans, 9ld.
a9]rf. Sales 18,000 bales. Breadstuffs steady.
Europe has 171 cities each of which has more than
50,000 inhabitants. The six largest are London, Paris,
Constantinople, Vienna, Berlin and St. Petersburg.
United State.s. — Mi.-:eeUaneous. — There were 615
deaths in New York last week. The interments in
Philadelphia for the week ending 6th inst., numbered
299, including 2S deaths of cholera infantum, 31 con-
sumption, 22 marasmus, and 12 old age. The mean
temperature of the Eighth month, by the Penn.sylvania
Hospital record, was 75.95 deg., the highest during the
month 93 deg., and the lowest 61 deg. The average of
the mean temperature of the Eighth month for the past
85 years, is stated to be 73.36 deg.; the highest mean
during that entire period was SI. 64 deg., in 1S72, the
lowest was 66 deg. in 1S16. The mean temperature of
the three summer months of 1873 has been 76.50 deg.,
which is 3.59 deg. below that of the summer of 1872.
The tolal imports at New York last week were
$7,807,237, of which $4,520,767 were general merchan-
dize and $3,286,470 dry goods.
The last instalment of the payment of the Geneva
award was received by the U. S. Treasurer on the oih
inst.
The number of emigrants landed at Castle Ciarden,
N. Y., between 1st mo. 1st ami 8th mo. 31st last, was
201,497, which is 4874 less than in the corresponding
months 1872.
The United States steamer Tuscarora has been (U--
dered to survey a route tor a submarine ralile from the
west coast of the United States to (;hiua and Japan.
The survey will conunence from some point in the
vicinity of Puget Sound. It is not probable that much
progress will be made in the survey this season, as the
weather will soon be unfavorable for it.
Vie Marketx, etc. — The following were the cpiotations
on the 8th inst. New Vark. — American gidd, ll'J.
U. S. sixes, 1881, 118; ditto, 1868, 115; ditto, 10-40
$1.20; No. 2 do., SI-16. No. 2 corn, 411 cts. No. 2
oats, 28.V cts. No. 2 barley, $1.21 ; No. 3, 88 a 91 cts.
Lard, I'l cts. St. Loitjs.— Winter superfine Hour, S4 a
$4.50; extra, $4.75 a S6.50. No. 2 winter red wheat,
$1.55 ; No. 3 do., $1.40. No. 2 corn, 47 cts. No. 2
oats, 33i cts. Spring barley, $1.27 a $1 35. Rye.^i 3 a
75 cts. 'Lard, 8f cts. LoidsoUle — Family flour, $5.75
a $7.75. Choice white wheat, $1.50 ; red, $1.30 a $1.45.
Corn, 60 a 63 cts. Oats, 42 a 44 cts. Cincinnati. —
Family flour, $7 a $7.25. AVheat, $1.40. Corn, 52 a
53 cts. Rye, 82 cts. Oats, 34 a 45 cts. Lard, 8 a 81 cts.
AVESTTOWN.
A Special meeting of the Committee on Instruction
will be held on Fourth-day, the lOtli inst., at 2 o'clock
I", ji., in the Committee-room on Arch St. General
and punctual attendance is requested.
A teache
Fallsington,
WANTED
for a small Monthly
to commence imraedia
Meeting School at
telv and te;tch three
months.
Apply
Penna.
Compensation $22 per month and board,
to James H. Moon, Fallsington, Bucks Co.,
WANTED
A suitable woman Friend to act as Cioverness a
Wc.3ttown Boarding School. Apply to
Rebecca S. Allen, Philadelphia.
Sarah A. Richie, "
Susan E. Comfort, Knox St., Germantown.
Lydia L. Walton, Moorestown, N. J.
WANTED
A teacher in the classical department on the boys'
side at Westtown School.
Application may be made to
Thomas Conard, AVest Grove, Chester Co.
Joseph Walton, Philadelphia.
AVllliam Evans, "
Charles Evans, "
AVESTTOAVN BOARDING SCHOOL.
The WiXTEK Session will open on the 3rd of
Eleventh montli. Friends intending to send pu|iils to
the Institution are requested to make early aiiplication
to Cjiaiu.es J. Allen, Street Road P. O., Chester Co.,
Pa. Applications may also be left with Jacob Sjiedley,
304 Arch St., Philad"elphi;i.
EVENING SCHOOLS FOR ADULT COLORED
PERSONS.
Teachers are wanted for these schools, to be opened
about (he first of Tenth month.
Application may be made to
Elton B. Giflbrd, 28 North Third St.
Ephraim Smith, 1110 Pine St.
James Bromley, 641 Franklin St.
Richard J. Allen, 472 North Third St.
FRIENDS' BOARDINC; SCHOOL F(m INDIAN
CHILDREN, TUNESASSA, NEW YORK.
A teacher of the schocd will be wanted at the com-
mencement of the Fall term.
Applii'ation may be made to
Ehenezer Worth, Marshall on, Chester Co., Pa.
Joseph Scattergood, 413 S|irnce St., Philada.
Aaron Sharple.s.s, Street Road P. ( )., Chesti-r
Co., Pa.
Thomas Wistar, Fox Chase P. O., Philada.
RECEIPTS.
Received from AVilliam C. Ivins, N. J., $2, vol. 47
from AVilliam Smedley, Pa., $2, vol. 47;_^from Am.
Middleton, N. J., per Josiah L. Haine.s, $2, vol. 4"
from Elizabeth T. Y'arnall and Edward S. Y'^arnall, P;
$2 each, vol. 47 ; from Isaac Roberts, Pa., $2, vol. 4'
from Joel AVilson, Agent, N. J., for Ruth Anna Harne-
and Isaac C. Stokes, $2 each, vol. 47 ; from Nancy I!
Buffinton, Mass., $2, vol. 47 ; from Joseph AVarin-,
Canada, #2.25, to No. 23, vol. 48 and Postage, and for
Joseph Pollard, $2.25, vol. 47 and Postage; from John
M. Smith, Agent, O., $2, vol. 47, and for Rachel Barber,
Eliza AVilson, David Stephen and Henry Brigg.s, $2
each, vol. 47 ; from Joseph Hall, Agent, lo., for Sarah
A. Atkinson, Nathan Satterthwaite, and Charles Leech,
$2 each, vol. 47, and for Benjamin Elly.son, f 4.50, vols.
46 and 47 ; from Ephraim Smith, City, S2, vol. 47,
and for Abiah Cope and Elizabeth Hughe.s, Pa., $2
each, vol. 47 ; from Martha Mickle, N. J., per Carlton,
P. Stokes, $2, vol. 47 ; from Thomas Kite, O., $2, vol.
47 ; from Jacob Parvin, Pa., $2, to No. 8, vol. 48 ; from
Benjamin D. Stratton, Agent, O., for Joseph Winder,
Joseph Stratton, Benjamin H. Coppock, AVilliam G.
Coppuck, and Jonathan Dean, $2 each, vol. 47 ; from
Emeline E. Hilyard, N. J., $2, vol. 47; from Jacob
Parker, Pa., $2, vol. 47 ; from Penelope Smith, N. J.
$'2, vol. 47 ; from Ruth Foster, R. I., S2, vol. 47 ; fron
Richard P. Giibbons, Del., *2, vol. 47; from Rufu
Churchill, N. S., $2, vol. 47 ; from Jacob Reeder, lo,
$2, vol. 47 ; from Walter Edgerton, Ind., $2, vol. 47
from Thomas Emmons, lo., $2, vol. 47 ; from Sarah C
Winner, Pa., $2, vol. 47 ; from Edward G. Smedley
Pa., $2, vol. 47 ; from Samuel Pancoast, Pa., $2, vol
47 ; from Su.sannah Marriott, N. Y., S2, vol. 47 ; froa
Phebe Bowerman, N. Y'., $2, vol. 47 ; from Susannii
Chambers, Pa., $2, vol. 47 ; from Sarah Hoopes, Pa., pe
Elizabeth Hoopes, $2, vol. 47 ; from Ashton Richard
son, Del., $2, vol. 47 ; from William T. Fawcett, Ind,
$2, vol. 47 ; from George M. Eddy, Mass., $2, vol. 47
for Thomas Y. Hutton, Pa., S2, vol. 47; from Jatne
R. Kite, Agent, O., .$2, vol. 47, and for Ezra Llewelyi
Jason Penro.se. Richard Penrose, Joseph King, Aaroi
P. Dewee.s, Jo.seph Masters, Jesse Dewees, Thoma
Llewelyn, Mary Wilson, Patience Giffijrd, Hannah W
Penrose, AVilliam Masters, David Ma.sters, and Elwooi'
Burgess, $2 each, vol. 47 ; from Amos Evens am
Joseph K. Evens, N. J., $2 each, vol. 47; from Rachi
M. Thorp, AVilliam Thorp, and Cieorge AV. Thorp, Pa
$2 each, vol. 47 ; from James J. Lord, N. J., per Jn(
M. Saunders, $2, vol. 47 ; from Josiah A. Roberts, Pa
$2, vol. 47 ; from Edwin P. Hannum, Pa., $2, vol. 47
from George Sharpless, Agent, P.i., $2, vol. 47, and ft
Robert AV. Lewi.s, $2, vol. 47 ; from Truman Forsyth
Pa., $2, vol. 47 ; from Mary M. Applegate, N. J., $:
vol. 47 ; from Elizubelh J. Richards, City, $2, vol. 4
from AVatson Newbold, N. J., S2, vol, 47, and ft
AValter Newbold, $2, vol. 47 ; from George Reid, Cit;
$i, vol. 47, and for Thomas Doane, $2, vol. 47 ; fron
James F, Reid, Pa., per George D. Reid, i'l, vol, 4'
from Jo.seph S, Moore, City, $2, vol. 47, and for Walk(
Jloore, Pa., $2, vol. 47 ; from .Joseph Scattergood, J^
Agent, Pa , for Phineas'Pratt, Abraham Pennell, Jac(
SmeiUey, John W. Towusend, Eusebius H. Townsen
William P. Townsend, Hannah Taylor, Lewis Embr
E. Malin Hoopes, Ruth Anna Hoopes, Samuel R. Kir
Isaiah Kirk, and Benjamin Hoopes, Pa., and Tlioin:
Thorp, Del., $2 each, vol. 47 ; from William Windl
Pa., $2, vol. 47 ; from Daniel Corbit, Del., $2, vol. 4
from Charles E. Ciause, N. J., $2, vol. 47 ; for Phe
Griflin and William L). Griffin, N. Y., $2 each, vol. 4'
from Townsend Hoopes, Pa., per Susan T. Hoopes, $.
vol. 47 ; from K. L. Roberts, Edmund Darnell, and Jot
H. Lipiiincott, N. .1., per Samuel H. Robert.s, $2 eac
vol. 47 ; from Alicajah AI. Morlan, Agent, O., i
Mordecai jMorlan, PrisciUa AV. Coffee, Thomas
French, and .Josiah Fawcett, $2 each, vol. 47 ; frC
Mary N. Griflith, JIo., per R. S. Griftith, $2, vol. 4
from Benjamin Hayes, Pa., s2, vol.47; from Sami
E. DeCou, N. J., $2, vol. 47 ; from Enos ,Sniedley, V
4 2, vol. 47, from Nathan Hilles, City, $2, vol. 47 ; fr(
Lewis Passmore, Pa., $2, vol. 47; from Elisha AVoc
worth, Mass., $2, to No. 44, vol. 47 ; from Ann
Wetherill, Pa., $2, vol. 47 ; from Elizabeth R. Bed
lo., $2, vol. 47 ; from Sarah F. Carr, R. I., $2, vol. '
from Mary H. Pennell, Cily, $2, vol. 47 ; from Jno.
Cloud, Jr!, N. J., $2, vol. 47.
IxcmHtances received after Fourth-dai/ morning will
appear in the Receipts until the follow in ff week.
Died, 8lh mo. 30th, 1H73, at her residence at I'en-
viUe, near Muncy, Pa., after a lingering illness. Ma'
R. Mi.:vEK.s, aged 45 years, a member of Mui'
Monthly Meeting.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. XLVII.
SEYEKTH-DAY, NINTH MONTH 20, 1873.
NO. 5.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
'rice Two Dollars per annum, if paid in advance. Two
dollars and fifty cents, if not paid in advance.
SabscriptiODB and Payments receiTed by
JOHN S. STOKES,
AT KO. 116 XOttTH FOtTRTU STREET, UP STAIRS,
PHILADELPHIA.
'oatage, when paid quarterly in advance, five cents.
For "The Friend"
John neald.
CCfDtiniied from pag*' "JO
After his return from his Eastern journey,
a concern rested on the mind of John lleald
to visit the churches in Virginia and North
Carolina. He thus commences the account of
this labor of love : ''On the morning of the
3rd of 10th month, 1816, I parted solemnly
with my dear wife and children, without
being impressed with ideas to communicate
to them. So I took my leave silently, only
taking them by the hand, and bidding them
farewell, with very little more, but many tears
dropped. I went to Carmel Meeting. It was
a tendering time. I passed on to the house
of Joseph Young, who had given up to accom-
pany me, without my previous knowledge.
lit had been a close trial to his wife as well as
himself Tliey had been members of our So-
ciety but a short time."
Passing through Wheeling into Western
Penns3'lvania, he attended Westland Meeting,
at which he says : " I was drawn into lengthy
communication, in which I touched on the
causes which conspire to a disbelief in a God,
showing what I believe to be the cause,
namelj', unfaithfulness to the light within,
and going contrary' to light and knowledge,
indulging in flesh-pleasing gratifications, going
on from one mis-step to another, until at last
they tried to shelter themselves under the no-
tion that there was no God. An invitation
to the dear youth was held out very feelingi}',
to the tendering of manj' miuds, and to the
encouragement of those of riper years.
At Sandy Hill, I labored to stir up to more
diligence in regard to religious duty ; and the
minds of manj- were reached. I had been for
some time apprehensive that it would be my
place to have an appointed meeting at Union-
town, and here, according to previous agree-
ment, notice was given at the close of the
meeting ; and now, while I write this is com-
ing on, with no small exercise; hut if the good
cause is not hurt, I hope to be content. I
rely on the Helper of Israel for support." He
' afterwards adds: "The meeting at length
_ collected, though some of the people came
scattering. It was trying and exercising. I
spoke awhile, and I thought the minds of the
people were somewhat solemnized, and I felt
released, though the Truth-reigning power
did not come into dominion so full)- as 1
wished.
21st. At Dillin's run. It is the most west-
erly meeting belonging to Fairfax (iluarter,
among the mountains, on the waters of Big
Capon. It was a rainy day, yet their meet-
ing-house was nearly full. I had considerable
to say, in which I mentioned the prodigal son,
who arose and returned to his father's house,
and acknowledged he was no more worthy to
be called his son, 'make me as one of thj-
hired servants.' If a person is going into
plans, which promise nothing better than to
uin his estate, and his friend advises him to
refrain from such a course of conduct, but he
will not reform, but goes on and ruins his
estate and reputation, his friend may be sorry
for him, but may not see how to helj) him.
So with us, if wo receive good counsel, but do
not take it and apply it as we knoAv we ought
to, are we not in the way to ruin? We in-
tend to reform after awhile, but are we in the
way to be reduced to a state prepared to re-
turn to the injured Father? It may be that
some do return of the many prodigals who are
illuminated to see their undone condition.
25lh. AVe had a meeting at Middle Creek,
in which we were enabled to labor to a good
degree of satisfaction. We have only the
relics of valuable Friends to labor among, here
and at most of the late meetings wo have at-
tended, and these appear to me to be too life-
less, satisfied with the form without the life
and power, and many of them not even re-
taining the form itself My labor has been to
stir up to more constant application to watch-
fulness and prayer. In these parts have lived
many valuable Friends, some of whom have
been removed by death, others have gone to
the State of Ohio and other places ; and there
are few left here, especially of such as are
alive to the cause of truth.
At South Fork Meeting, Loudon county,
Virginia, notice being spread, it was attended
by a considerable number, whom I addressed
with, " Where much is given men require the
more, but where little is given, little is re-
quired, so he that received five talents, by a
diligent attention and application, gaine
other five, and so of him who had received
two, it was well-pleasing to their lord ; where-
upon he pronounced the blessing, ' Well done
good and faithful servant,' to each, 'Thou
hast been faithful over a few things, I will
make thee ruler over more, enter tbou into
the joy of thy lord.' " 1 was engaged to set
forth the necessity for a faithful attention to
manifested duty.
We went home with George Janney, and
from thence to Fairfax Monthly Meeting. I
soon felt an engagement of mind to iiiform
them that they had not best expect much from
us who were strangers, but to center down to
the gift in themselves, to witness a renewed
qualification for the service of the day, with
aB appeal to the youth to be prepared to stand
in their places; that some had found the de-
volving weight to rest upon them, belbre they
were in readiness; for your fathers where arc
they, and the prophets, do they live for ever?
The meeting became solemn.
The next dayattcnded Goose Creek Monthlj-
Meeting. T. Grisell went foremost, and I fol-
lowed in testimony, stating that faith is the
substance of things hoped for, the evidence of
things not seen as yet; that faith is so indis-
pensably necessary that the apostle saith, that
without faith it is impossible to please God.
,^nd yet he said, if he had faith to remove
mountains, and had not charit}', it would be
nothing, or as sounding brass or a tinkling
cymbal. Charitj- and love representing the
same thing, of how little account does our re-
ligion appear without it ; and in this point of
view, how indispensably necessary is it to
have love, it being the fulfilling of the law,
Thou shall love the Lord thy God with all
thy heart and all thy soul, &c.
11th mo. 1st. A thronged meeting at Gooso
Creek, in which my mind was deeply im-
pressed with a sense of my own weakness.
At length the passage revived, expressed by
our dear Lord, ' while ye have the Light be-
lieve in the Light, that ye may be the chil-
dren of the Light and of the day.' He who
gave this admonition knew what was requisite
to our happiness, and in order to impress a
watchful care more deeplj-, he said, that strait
is the gate and narrow is the way that leads
to life, and few there be that find it. Am I
not in danger of missing it? This should
arouse us to great and close attention, lest it
be not attained. The meeting ended satisfac-
torily, of which I was glad.
We parted yesterday with T. Grisell and
companion, they going into Maryland. We
do not expect to see them again in this jour-
ney. I feel very destitute, but hope it is for
the best. The next day I went to see my
father's sister, who is in her DGth year,* not
verj' well, but able to walk about.''
7th. At Alexandria, J. H. revived the
proverb ; "' Seest thou a man wise in his own
conceit, there is more hopes of a fool than of
him.' If this is so, what hope is there of one
who stifles conviction, and will not submit to
Divine requirings, to manifested duty; will
not yield obedience, but follows the way of
his own devising ? What can be more certain,
but that such a course will end in utter ruin ?
It was a time of deep depression and hard
labor for a'long time, but at length the testi-
mony of Truth was exalted over the powers
of darkness, and the meeting ended with
solemnity.
At Geneto. Here three families are in-
dulged with a meeting. A number of friend-
ly people attended with them. I addressed
them with, ' There is a time to be born and
* .John Heald's brother William, who accompanied
liim in one of his religious visits to the eastward, re-
cently died in Iowa in the lOLst year of hLs age.
34
THE FRIEND.
a time to die. We know we must die. "We
all agi'ee in this, let our opinions be diversi-
fied in other respects as they may. As this
is the case, we are led to enquire, what we
shall do to be saved, or with the young man,
•who asked the Divine Master what he should
do to inherit eternal life. He was referred to
the commandments. These he had kept from
his youth up, and he inquired, ' What lack 1
yet?' He seemed to be conscious there was
more to be done, but when he understood
what that was, he went away sorrowful. So
it appears to be in our day. When people
discover what is to be done, they turn away.
Gospel ministers may labor to stir up the pure
mind by way of remembrance. It is not their
business to do the work. No man can redeem
his brother, or give to God a ransom for his
soul. Ministers labor to stir up the pure mind
by way of remembrance sometimes, like the
Divine Master did. He did not do the work ;
he informed the young man what to do. If
Noah, Daniel or Job were here, they could
save neither son nor daughter; bo now, each
one must do for themselves."
CTo be continued.)
The Ibex of the Alps.
The celebrated Alpine traveller, Edward
Whympcr, in his observations on this animal,
says : The bouquetin, steinbock, or ibex, was
formerly widely distributed throughout the
Alps. It is now confined almost entirely or
absolutely to a small district in the south of
the valley of Aosta, and fears have been re-
peatedly expressed in late years that it will
become extinct.
It is not easy to take a census of them, for,
although they have local habitations, it is ex-
tremely difficult to find them at home. But
there is good reason to believe that there are
at least six hundred still roaming over the
mountains in the neighborhood of the val-
leys of Grisanches, Ehemes, Savaranche, and
Cogno.
They appeal to the sympathies of all as the
remnants of a diminishing race, and no moun-
taineer or athletic person could witness with-
out sorrow, the extinction of an animal pos-
sessing such noble qualities; which, a few
months after birth, can jump over a man's
head at a bound, without taking a run ; which
passes its whole life in a constant fight for
existence, and has such disregard of pain that
it will stand for hours like a statue in the
midst of the bitterest storm.
The destruction of the ibex, except occa-
sionally by the King Victor Emmanuel in his
hunting parties, is strictly prohibited, and
forty-five keepers, selected from the most able
chasseurs of the district, guard its haunts.
Their task is not a light one, although they
are naturally acquainted with those who are
most likely to attempt poaching. If they
were withdrawn, it would not be long before
the ibex would be an extinct animal, so far as
the alps are concerned. The passion for kill-
ing something, and the present value of the
beast itself, would soon lead to its extermina-
tion. For as meat alone the ibex is valuable,
the gross weight of one that is full grown
amounting to from one hundred and sixty to
two hundred pounds, while its skin and horns
are worth ten pounds and upwards, according
to condition and dimensions.
In spite of the keepers, and of the severe
penalties which may be inflicted for killing a
bouquetin, poaching occurs constantly. Know-
ing that this was the case, I inquired at Aosta
upon my last visit, if any skins or horns
were for sale, and in ten minutes was taken
into a garret where the remains of a splendid
beast were concealed, presumed to be more
than twenty years old, as its massive horns
had twenty-two more or less strongly-marked
knobby rings. The extreme length of the
skin, from the tip of the nose to the end of
the tail, was five feet seven inches, and from
the ground to the top of its back had been
probably somewhere between three and four
ieet. _
Chiistian Council by Christopber Story.
Christopher Story's Epistle to Friends, in
the year 1699, contains advice which ra&y be
profitably read even at this distant time. Some
extracts from it are therefore offered for our
Journal.
" Dear Friends, — Who are broken off from
the wild olive, and grafted into the heavenly
tree, unto you my love and life flow with an
earnest travail upon my spirit, that as ye have
known the watering showers of the Lord's
heavenly rain to fall upon you, you may not
only bud and blossom, but bring forth much
fruit to the praise and glory of your heavenly
Father ; to whom be dominion and honor for
ever and ever.
And now, dear Friends, who in measure
have escaped the pollutions of this world, and
in all your sojourning in the way to Sion,
have a godly care upon j'our minds to cease
doing evil, that ye may know a learning to do
well ; this is what I would remind you of; rest
not satisfied in that ye are come by the teach-
no- of God's grace to eschew evil, but also that
ye may be found doing good ; knowing that it
is the fruitless trees that cumber the ground.
It is high time for all to awake to righteous-
ness; for many are called to awake from un-
ighteousness, which is well so far ; but what
will this avail, if fruits of righteousness be not
brought forth? For as it is written, the axe
is laid to the root of the tree; that the tree
that brings not forth good fruit may be hewn
down, and cast into the fire. Therefore it is
reatly needful to abide in the vine into which
ye are already grafted, that ye may be fruitful
trees like Joseph of old, whose branches
pread over the wall.
Let none sit down at ease in the way to
Sion, like some of old, who began well, and
ran well for a time, and sat down short of the
true rest: or like the young man that came
unto Christ, who had kept the commandments
from his youth, yet wanted one thing; and
not giving up to follow the Lord full}-, sat
down short of laying up heavenly treasure.
Therefore let all follow the Lord fully, who
is the Captain of our salvation, the great
bishop and shepherd of the soul, who leads
his sheep into green pastures, feeds his flocks
as by the still waters, and gives unto his own
eternal life.
Let every one's eye be single unto the Lord,
that the whole body may be fnll of light.
Such it is whose understandings the Lord
doth open ; they see their duty unto God, and
their duty one unto another.
It is therefore time for all that profess the
true and living faith that purifies the heart
and works by love, to come forth and show
themselves, and walk in the light of the new
Jerusalem, whore precedent is going before
precept, example before doctrine, and actions
and doings before words and testimonies ; and
in this wise the Lord is greatly at work in the
hearts of his people, to make them examples
to others in the way to Zion where the saint's
solemnit}' is met with.
Dear Friends, who have given yourselves
up to follow the Lamb in the way of regenera-
tion, and in some measure have known your
garments washed ; ye are to hold on your
way, for the mark is before ; such the Lord is
drawing near unto, teaching them to lay up
heavenly treasure. It is the Lord that teaches
his people to profit, and such come to see in
his light which makes manifest the will and
mind of God to mankind, that it is ' not enough
to glorify God in your bodies and spirits,
which are the Lord's ;' but we are to serve the
Lord with what we may receive from his
bountiful hand of his outward mercies, of
which many are made large stewards. Ee-
member the praj'crs and alms of Cornelius
were accepted, and ascended up for a memorial
before the Lord, to his great comfort and
future happiness, and drew down a blessing
upon his household. Seeing that to do good
and to communicate, is such a needful duty,
there is surely need to charge them who are
rich in this world, not to trust in uncertain
riches but to trust in the living God, who will
call all men to an account of their steward-
ship one day ; for what we enjoy is the Lord's;
therefore all that would be clear in the day
of their account, must wait for the Lord's or-
dering hand to be near them, who opened the
heart of Lydia ; and her service was to invite
the Lord's people into her house ; which being
done in a right mind, brings a blessing; and
such lose not their reward. And as the good
reward attends the good work, it hath been
much upon my mind of late, to remind the
Lord's people to do good unto all, but more
especially to the household of faith; and that
all such who may have much of the outward
mammon committed to their trust, be not
short of feeding the hungry, clothing the
naked, entertaining strangers, visiting the
sick, and them that are in prison, which must
be a necessary duty, seeing the Lord takes it '
as done unto himself And that none of the
Lord's people may be found wanting in the .
day of their account, let it be the care of all i
who expect a good reward from the hand of '
the Lord to sow plentifully that they may
reap plentifully; for they that sow sparingly,
saith the apostle, shall reap sparingly ; and
the time draweth near that every one must
receive a reward according to his works. * * ,
Oh ! therefore, that none may rest satisfied i
in feeding, clothing, and taking care of them-
selves in sickness, &c.. supposing to lay up
durable riches, and yet be unmindful of the
poor, the widow, and the fatherless ; such will
do well to make a narrow search, and consider
whether they are come to that religion which
is pure and undefiled, that is, to visit the
fatherless and the widow, in their affliction ;
and to keep unspotted of the world."
♦ ^
Let none after a desponding manner say,
" Can any good come out of Nazareth ?" The
Lord is able of these stones to raise up chil-
dren unto Abraham. Meanwhile, may we all
endeavor to live by faith, and in that faith to
trust in God, for in the Lord Jehovah is ever-
lasting strength.
"Except the Lord build the house, they
labor in vain that build it: except the Lord
keep the city, the watchman waketh but in a
vain." 1
Ih
THE FRIEND.
6847
53
35
Review of the Weather for Eighth month, 1S73.
Tlie rainfall during the Eighth month amounted to 10.21 inches, which is 5.5-1 inches
noro than the general average for that month. The total amount for the summer is 19.20
nclies. The range of the thermometer, was from 5G^ on tlio 24th, to 86° on the 2nd, or
}0°. The mean temperature for the month was 70.36°. The average height of the
larometer was 29.66 inches. T.
Westtown Boarding School, Ninth mo. 5tli, 1873.
-f.
Therhoheteb.
Btoromeier.
Barohetee.
n
2
Wind.
ClBCCMSTiSCES OF We.ITBER.
o
a
a
S
z
a
s
a
S5
a°
a
a
9'.
ja
^
<
h
&
<
A
0^
u
^
B^
b
A
<
a
t-
04
•-
-
N
-
s
t—
CI
►-
o
)
68
81
75
74-3
93
72
90
85
29.66
29.61
29.61
29.62%
.14 S.K.. S., W.
CliiUdy. Fair. Fair.
2
85
86
77
81
85
55
90
76%
29.6S
29.55
29.63
29.551.;
.42 W., S.E.. S.
Clear. Fair. Clear.
3
76
79
71
75' i,
S5
100
90
9Wb
29.52
29.51
29.68
29.63^,^
.49 West all day.
Clear. Cloudy. Cloudy.
4
67
78
68
VI
73
60
78
67
29 70
29.74
29.76
29.73
N.W. all d.ay.
Cleiir, Fair, Clear.
:^
85
75
71
77
S4
46
67
62!^
29.S3
29.85
29.86
29.84%
W.. W.. E.
Clear all day.
6
64
76
68
69K
87
54
84
75
29.86
29.83
29.77
29.82
S.E., S.W., W.
»•
7
68
81
75
78
72
71
73%
2973
29.63
29.f.l
29.65%
S.W. all day.
u
8
70
75
71
72 "
87
66
93
82
29.68
29.58
29.68
29.58
West all day.
Fair, Fair, Clear.
9
72
79
72
''^'i
84
60
73
69
29.62
29.63
29.64
29.63
S.E. all day".
4( («
10
' '^
74
68
70
73
46
84
67%
29.73
29 73
29.7S
29.73
N., E., E.
II 11
n
lU
76
70
70
78
62
78
72%
29.74
29.74
29 72
29.73%
N., N.. S.E.
Clear, Clear, Fair.
rj
l\U
72
69
69
87
84
100
OO'i
29.72
29 68
29!64
29.68%
E. S.E.. N E.
Cloudy, Fair, Cloudy.
13
64
65
63
64
100
95
93
96
29.62
29.61
29.65
29.691 >
29.38%
1.79 N.E. all .lay.
Clnudy all day.
14
64
70
66
665^
100
87
93
93U
29 36
29.38
29.42
■62 N.K., N.B., N.
Cloudy. Fair, Cloudy.
15
64
67
67?-;
100
84
93
29 52
29.48
29.46
29.48%
.10 Kast all day.
Cloudy, Cloudy, Fair.
16
68
80
75
H'.^
87
74
90
29.48
29.50
29.62
29.50
.26
Fair. Clear, Cloudy.
IT
60
67
61
<^-^%
84
78
93
85
29.72
29.73
29.74
29 73
.80 K., N., E.
Cloudy all day.
18
61
63
67
M73
100
93
100
97%
29.71
29.67
29.62
29.66%
1.25'
"
19
67
65
69
67
100
90
93
94%
29.67
29.64
29.66
29.66%
29.68%
.60 v., N.W., N.W.
Cloudy, Cloudy, Fair.
20
67
70
75
73l|
93
100
100
97%
29.68
?9.69
29.68
N., N.K., E.
Cloudy all day.
21
87
78
75
100
82
90
90%
29.71
29.71
29.69
29.70%
1.15 S., S., S.E.
Cloudy, Fair, Fair.
22
71
79
74
~*H
93
85
90
89%
29.68
29.69
29.68
29.68%
.04 S., W.. S.W.
Cloudy, Cloudy, Fair.
23
71
84
75
76-%
93
61
79
^■Ijl
29.68
29.66
29.66
29.6li%
29.751?
W., N.W.. N.
Clear," Clear, Fair.
24
66
67
68
63^
64
57
45
6-1%
29.75
29.73
29.TS
'N.W. all day.
Clear all day.
25
67
73
67
662^
70
63
84
69
29.66
29.58
29.50
29.68
West all day.
Cloudy. Cle"ar. Clear.
m
67
76
69
'O'ri
100
58
73
77
29 48
29.48
29.49
29.48%
1.10 N.SV., N.W., N.
Clear. Fair. Fair.
27
64
71
66
67^
87
71
78
78%
29.ca
29.68
29.70
29.67
N.K., ¥... S.K.
Cl.iudy. Cloudy. Fair.
28
59
71
64
<ii^i
93
67
73
74%
29.84
29.86
29.SR
29.S6i<
S.E. all Jay.
Clear, Fair. Fair.
29
62
70
65
am
87
84
100
90%
29,90
29.88
29.83
29.87'
S.B.. E., E.
Fair. Cloudy, Cloudy.
30
66
71
71
69U
741
100
79
79
86
29.80
29.76
29.72
29.76
.16 West all day.
Cloudy, Cloudy, Clear.
31
68
80
76
93
62
84
79%
29.67
29.51
29.51
29.56%
S.W., S.W., S.
Fair, "Fair, Clondy.
For "The Friend." '
Believing that the followiDg letter, written
03' John Newton in 1796, will interest many
jfthe readers of " The Friend," I copy it for
insertion. It is an account of one of "the
poor of this world, rich in faith." He says
to his correspondent :
" I believe your inquiries refer to an old
woman who lived upon Wavertree Green,
near Liverpool, and was known by the name
of Dame Closs.
" Though very poor when I knew her, and
I believe through her whole life, she was above
the level of the common poor. She was a per-
son of natural good sense and reflection, and
had an agreeable address. Hers was a digni-
fied and respectable poverty.
"Under the first impression of serious
thoughts, she set out upon the laudable plan
of aiming to please God. But she soon found
that she could not even please herself. This
startled her. She considered : ' I am certainly
sufficiently partial in my own favor, and if I
cannot please myself, how can I e.xpect to
please the holy and heart-searching God, who
sees me as I really am, and doubtless notices
much more evil in me than I am able to per-
ceive.' This reflection threw her into great
distress. But Hervej-'s ' Theron and Aspasio'
Came in her way, which aftbrded her a kej' to
the Bible. During a week I had the honor
of entertaining her in my house, before I was
in the ministry, I was then obliged to use
caution, lest she should be starved ; for if at
meal-time I occasionally spoke of the Lord
Jesus, His love to sinners, His glory, or the
like, she usually burst into tears, and could
eat no more. She was a staunch chnrch-
woman ; thought all sermons were good. They
were so to her — for she would at least feed upon
the test. I remember when this was my own
case. But notwithstanding her prejudices,
remaining ignorance, and want of discrimina-
tion in hearing ; if humility, benevolence, sub-
mission to the will of God, strong faith, and a
spiritual mind, are eminent parts of the chris-
tian character, she appeared to me one of the
greatest and most exemplary christians I ever
met with.
" A relation offered to settle ten pounds per
annum upon her during his life. She said, if
he could have settled it for her oicn life she
would accept it; but such an addition for a
'time, would probably add to the number of
her wants, and then if he died first, she would
be worse oft' than before, upon this principle
she refused his off'er.
I "She kept a little school. The parents of
the children were mostly as poor as herself:
and not being willing or able to pay longer,
[took the children away. She went round the
neighliorhood to them and said: ' I shall b
glad if j'ou can pay me, because I am poor;
but whether you pay me or not, do let you
children come to me; perhaps something I
say may be useful to them when I am dead.'
'' One morning I found her at breakfiist
upon dry bread and a little tea. I said to her:
I' Dame, do you not like butter?' She an-
|Bwered : ' Yes, I like butter, but it is very dear,
and I cannot afford it; but my Lord' so she
usually spoke of Him, 'takes care that I should
have bread : it is very good, it is enough, and
I thank him for it,' Once when I called, she
jhad a good many fowls and chickens about
'her. I said, 'Dame, are these all yours?'
'Not one of them, sir, they belong to my
neighbors. But they are accustomed to come
to my door: I save all my crumbs and scraps
f)r them. I love to feed them, for the sake
of Him who made them.'
" When I asked her, 'Are you not uneasy
at being alone, now you are so old ?' ("she was
more than four score.) ' Suppose j'ou should
be taken ill in the night, 3'ou have nobody to
help you,' She replied: 'Do you think my
Lord does not know that I am an old woman,
and live by myself? I am not uneasy — I be-
lieve Ho will take care of me.' She once said
to me: '1 believe mj' Lord will not permit
me to die for want of food ; but if such should
be His pleasure. I hope I am willing. Per-
haps I should not find that so painful a death
as man}' rich people feel, who live in great
plenty. But I am in His hands, and He will
do what is right,' — or to that purpose.
" There were several genteel families upon
the Green; and as her general conduct was
striking, and she had not been in the waj' of
being marked with the stigma of Methodism,
she was much respected. They often sent her
a plate of victuals from their tables. At last,
two ladies called on her, and said, that they
and some of their acquaintance had agreed to
make her as easy as possible, for her few re-
maining daj'S ; and asked how much a year
she would have? She said, 'lam old, and
live quite by mj'self ; but I believe I could get
a room in a house not far off,' to which she
pointed, ' if you will please to pay the rent of
my room, and allow me five pounds a j'car,
it will suffice. They oftered to double it, but
she declined, and said : ' Five pounds will be
quite enough.' I knew both the ladies, and
have no doubt that if she had asked thirty
pounds per year, she might have had it.
'• She did not live long after her removal
into her new lodging. She went to bed one
night in her usual health, and was found dead
in the morning. She seemed to have died in
her sleep, for there was no appearance of any
struggle, nor any feature in her countenance
rufiled. Thus she died alone at last. For
though there were several people in the house,
willing and ready to assist her, she needed no
help from them! Such care did the great
God, who humbles Himself to notice the wor-
ship of angels, take of a poor old woman, who
was enabled to put her trust in Him, and to
acquiesce in His dispensations."
J. Newton says : " 1 believe it is now forty
years since she exchanged earth for heaven.
I cannot protend, at this distance of time, to
perfect accuracy in recording all her expres-
sions; though several of them aftected me so
much at the time, that they were deeply im-
pressed upon my memory ; and I believe you
have them from me verbatim, as I had them
from her own mouth. However, you may
depend upon it, that the substance of what I
have written is strictly true. Much more I
could have added if my memory did not fail
me."
Locusts in Persia. — All at once I was star-
tled by a peculiar noise: at first it was like
the sound of distant billows breaking on a
rocky coast, but as each moment it came
nearer and nearer, it resembled so much the
roar of a rushing, mighty wind, that I fully
expected we should soon be enveloped in one
of those devastating hurricanes which Eastern
travellers have described as rising, b}' magic
as it were, and sweeping everj-thing before
them. Still the sky was of the clearest blue,
and my tent-hangings hardly moved in the
almost inipereepiible breeze. With serious
faces my audience listened attentivelj' for a
minute or two, and then, as the roar increased,
sprang to their feet, uttering the ill-omened
cry, ''"Maiek, malek," "The locusts, the lo-
custs!" From behind the hills about three
miles off, a cloud apjieared, casting a deep
shallow over the plain, and advancing fast
towards us ; in a few seconds it was upon us,
and then, as far as the eye could see, the at-
36
THE FRIEND.
mosphero teemed with myriads of these fell
destroyers ; their serried ranks shut out the
light of day and filled the Eeliant's hearts
with fear and disquietude. On they went in
compact svvarma, beating the air with millions
of wings, and apparently driven by some
strong current; in half an hour they had
vanished from view. All was still again ; but
hardly had my hosts had time to congratulate
themselves on the departure of the scourge,
when the peculiar noise was again heard.
The cloud reappeared, returning towards us ;
the sun was again obscured ; and now the
locusts descended on the plain. By sunset
they had all alighted ; the green turf was so
thickly covered with them, that strolling
about in the evening one could not avoid
crushing them by half dozens at each step,
and a donkey's snort raised a cloud of them
round his head ; they penetrated into our
tents, on to our beds and carpets ; wherever
we turned or looked there were locusts. Those
I examined were of different colors, green,
pink, yellow and drab; many of them were
above three inches long. Their voracity is
well known, but it is not only on vegetation
that they commit ravages ; they try their jaws
on almost anj'thing, leather, canvas, cloth,
&c. ; and my friend, the doctor, told me that
a child was once brought to him at Baghdac
with its eyelids and the skin of its nose com
pletely eaten off by these gluttons. — Mounsey's
Caucasus of Persia.
dead, dry, fruitless unacceptable ministry.-
David Hall.
Selected.
Beloved be not disconsolate upon the view
of any of your meetings being left bare of, or
quite without instrumental ministers ; though
some branches be removed, the root remains.
Oh I remember Christ's words a little before
his departure from his disciples, as with re-
spect to his humanity. " If ye love mc keep my
commandments, and 1 will pray the Father.
and ho shall give you another Comforter, that
he may abide with you forever; even the
Spirit of Truth; whom the world cannot re-
ceive, because it seeth him not, neither know-
eth him ; but jQ know him, for he dwelloth
with you, and shall be in you."
Again : " Where two or three," saith he, "are
gathered in my name, there am I in the midst
of them." If some eminent disciple or disci-
ples be taken from you, the head Master i-e-
mains, to whom you may have free access. If
some small rivulets you have drunk of some-
times, be now discontinued, your way is open
to the never-failing, inexhaustable spring-
head. What reason have any then to be dis-
couraged, or be cool in attending their meet-
ings, for want of instrumental ministry? Would
not this be like a slight upon the great-
est and best Minister, who hath graciously
promised his most excellent company, even
at the least meetings, upon most reasonable
terms? For the compassionate promises, as
also this, " I will not leave you comfortless,"
are not only applicable to his then immediate
followers, but to all his true disciples down to
the latest posterity.
Let none, therefore, old or young, be asham-
ed of, or undervalue silent meetings; for they
certainly arc to all true worshippers of singu-
lar advantage, and dishonorable to none that
rightly attend them, but quite the reverse.
May all those who belong to meetings, where-
in are no Friends in the ministry, seriously
consider that their present situation is far
better than if they were burdened with a
From tlie " Leisure Uour.'*
The Persian Poet's Farewell.
The following poem is taken from a prose
translation of the original, given in "Pal-
grave's Travels in Western Arabia." The
sentiments are rather those of a Christian
sage than of one unacquainted with the light
of revelation, and it is difficult to understand
how the writer could have attained such
views of the character of God, and the immor-
tality of the soul of man, without the aid of
christian teaching. All that we are told of
Ahmed el Ghazallah is that he was the most
famous sage and poet of his day, and that he
lived at Toos, in Persia, during the eleventh
century. His farewell to his disciples is pre-
faced by an introduction to the following
effect.
Ahmed el Ghazallah, the greatest of the
sages of Persia, said to his disciples, " Fetch
me white garments, for I must appear to-
night in the presence of my king." His dis-
ciples hastened to fulfil his command, but
great was their dismay when on returning
with white garments they found their master
dead. Lying on the ground beside him,thej'
discovered a scroll, on which was written his
farewell message.
" Tell thou to my friends, when weeping,
They my words descry,
Here yoii find my body sleeping,
But it is not I !
Now in life immortal hovering.
Far away I roam,
Tliis was but my hov.se, my covering,
Tis no more my home.
" This was as the cage that bound me ;
I the bird, have flown ;
Tliis was but the shell around me;
I the pearl, am gone !
Over me as o'er a treasure,
Had a spell been cast,
God has spoken at His pleasure,
I am free at last !
Thanks and praise to Him be given
Who hath set me free,
Now foreverraore in heaven
Shall my dwelling be,
There I stand His face beholding.
With the saints in light,
Present, fnture, past unfolding
In this mirror bright.
"Toiling through the plain I leave you,
I have journeyed on.
From your tents why should it grieve you,
Friends, to find me gone?
Let the house for.saken perish !
Let the shell decay!
Break the cage, destroy the garment,
I am far away 1
" Call not this my death, I pray you,
Tis my life of life !
Goal of all my weary longings,
End of all ray strife.
Think of God with love for ever;
Know His name is love .'
Come to Him, distrust Him never;
He rewards above.
Solecte.l-
We learn that we may be moral in our
lives, orthodox in our opinions, plain in our
appearance and our address, and even active
in religious Society; yet unless we know the
washing of regeneration, and the renewing of
the H0I3' Ghost upon us, we are not true be-
lievers in Christ — branches grafted into Hira.
and drawing all our life and strength from
Him. Now, as we receive and obey Him, as
He is revealed by his spirit to the soul, He
commences, carries on and perfects, that re-
generation without which we can never at-
tain to holiness so as to see God. He shows
us ourselves even as He sees us, sets our sins
in order before us, gives unfeigned repentance
of all our evil deeds and forgiveness of sins,
sanctifies andjustifies byfaithinllim, through
the baptism of the Holy Ghost and fire ; and
so makes us members of that church which
has neither spot nor wrinkle or any such
thing.
How total the change, how miraculous the
new creature, truly all things are new and all
things of God.
" I behold each deathless spirit,
All your ways I view :
Lo, the portion I inherit
Is reserved for you."
SOLITUDE.
The silent heart which grief assails,
Treads soft and lonesome o'er tlie vale.1,
Sees daisies open, rivers run,
And seeks (as I have vainly done)
Amusing thought, but learn.s to know
That solitude's the nurse of woe.
Selected.
Eating loJien Exhausted. — W hen the strength
or nerve power is already worn out or used
up, the digestion of food only makes a fresh
demand upon it, and if it be unable to meet
the demand, the food is only a burden upon
it, producing mischief. Our bodies have beeu
compared to steam engines, the food being
the fuel and the steam produced being the
nerve power. The analogy holds good to a
certain extent. If, when the steam is low,
because the fire is low, you pitch in too fast a
quantity of coal, you put out your fire, and if
you have depended upon steam power to fan
your fires, that is also extinguished. Beyond
this the comparison fails. You may clean out
your furnaces and begin again, but in the
body the consequences of this overloading are
dangerous and sometimes fatal. No cause of
cholera is more common than eating freely
when exhausted. The rule should be to rest
for a time, and take some simple refreshment,
a cup or a part of a cup of tea, a little broth,
or even a piece of bread ; anj-tbing simple and
in small amount, just to stimulate the stomach
slightly and begin to restore its power. After
rest, a moderate quantity will l3e refreshing.
Never eat a full meal when you are exhausted.
Take first a small quantity of anything simple
which may be handy, and rest. Then, after
a time, proper food will be a blessing, not a
burden. The fires will burn, the steam will
be up, and you can go on your way safely.
It is not amiss, in this connection, to say that
children would avoid many a feverish night
and many an attack of disease, if mothers
would follow this rule.
Isaac Penington says : " This I dare posi-
tively hold forth as a standing truth, which
hath been sealed unto me by constant experi-
ence, that no man can fall in with, and obey)
the Light wherewith ho is enlightened, but!
he must deny himself, and take up a cross tOi
his own wisdom and will; which cross is thej
cross of Christ, which is the power of God tOi
the salvation of the soul. And he that takes:
it up daily, and waits upon the Lord therein,!
shall witness the power of the Lord Jesusi
Christ, to the redemption of his soul ; yea, thenjf
he shall be able in true understanding to 8ay,Y
this is light indeed, life indeed, power indeed II
That powei'ful Arm which hath saved moj
THE FRIEND.
37
Dm sin, aiul breaks the snares, devices, and
rength of the enemy before me, delivering
e daily when none else can, and when my
vu strength and wisdom are as nothing, I
,nnot but call Christ, the living Power and
'isdom, God revealed in me, who will not
ve his glorj- to another. For he is the Lord
3d of pure life forevermore ; antl besides
ira there is no such Saviour. Yea, blessed
I the name of the Lord forever, the days of
earning after salvation are over with man}-,
id the days of reaping and enjoying salva-
)n are come, which shall endure with the
rael of God forevermore ! Amen !"
For " TlK' rriL'ii.l."
Debt and Thrift.
Tou may educate a man as highly as you
ease ; you may give him the franchise, and
.11 upon him to exercise it, as often as you
ink fit ; you may provide the best news-
iper in the world to tell him what is going
1, and museums and galleries without end
1 cultivate his taste ; but no amount of poll-
cal freedom, or of literary culture, or refine-
ent, will carry with them the sense of inde-
sndence or of selfrespect, so long as he
Qows that he is in somebody else's power,
lat he has on his shoulders a burden of debt
Din which he cannot shake himself loose.
hat is a slavery almost as degrading, and I
n afraid, almost as common, as the kindred
avery, drunkenness. And I may say, in
issing, that if temperate habits are likely to
eep a man from debt, as the advocates for
imperance are always and very trul}- telling
5, BO, on the other hand, there is nothing
ore likely to create intemperate habits than
le perpetual harassing worry and anxiety
r pecuniary embarrassments, while nothing
in more eft'ectually confirm in any man the
jsolution to keep sober than the desire to lay
Y, in youth and middle life, what may be a
revision for sickness, for old age, for the
idow whom he may leave, or for the child-
in who may come after him. What wo con-
!nd for, briefly, is this ; that a very large
%rt of the suffering which we all deplore is
lused by want of habits of economy and
irethought ; that where people have been
icustemed for many years to live from hand
) meuth it is all but impossible, as a rule, to
duce them to change their habits; that the
abit of .saving, so as to be beforehand with
le world, if it is to be acquired at all, must
3 acquired earh' ; but that it is not so acquir-
i, as a rule, simply because in verj- few jihices
as any serious attempt been made to teach it.
is not taught by precept at school ; it is not
lught by example at home. Again, we say
lat it is not enough to establish savings-
anks and expect that people will go to them.
le must bring the banks to the people. If
■e do not do that, the system is faulty, just
the same way that the system of drainage
faulty in some newly built places, where
ou have an excellent sewer running under
le streets, but where nobody has taken care
) see that the house-drains have any connex-
in with it. Those who are practically con-
ersant with friendly societies, penny banks,
Qd institutions of that kind, could give you
irious illustrations of the willingness of peo-
le to avail themselves of these things if they
fe brought literally home to their doors,
hd of their indifference and dislike to usi-
lem, if the using them involves going only a
Jiw hundred yards out of their way. — Lord
krby at Provident Knowledge Society.
The following livel}- I'^^pistle received from a
Friend in England, is offered for insertion in
"The Friend." It is slightly condensed I'roin
the original.
An Epistle of Holm illoiithly Meeting— 1097.
The following Epistle is so descriptive ol
the lively zeal and exercise of our pre<leces-
sors, and their solicitude that, in all things
they should walk worthj- of their high and
holy calling, and by their dail}- walk and con-
versation among men, give proof of their fidel-
ity by carrying into practice those religious
pi'inciples they had adopted bj' conviction —
that it is thought worthy of revival at this
time.
The painful declension from primitive z.cal
and tidelit}' in bearing the Christian testimo-
nies emanating from the princijiles of truth
professed b}' us, is, as it was formerly, a ]>al-
pable evidence of the want of submission to
the Light of Christ and the operation of his
Spirit in the heart, which if regarded and al-
lowed to work therein, will effectually cleanse
and purifj- the inside — the heart of man.
Would that each one among us might be
induced to examine closelj-, and see how far,
n our daily walk before men, we are uphold-
ing the pure standard of Truth, as lifted up
y the earlier founders of our Society under
llie constraining influence of the Spirit of
Christ; and, by Divine help, be increasingly
faithful herein, — lest unhapily we should fill
the fearful position of such as give occasion of
stumbling to tender, inquiring minds, and
thereby "hinder the Lord's work from pro-
gressing in the earth.
The Epistle is addressed by Friends of Holm
Monthlj' Meeting, Cumberland, to its own
members, of whom there seems to have been
n 1751, as recorded in the minutes, lOG fam-
ilies and 23 single individuals.
A portion of the area comprised in its limits
borders on the Sol way Firth, and accounts for
the allusion to the practice of fishing on the
first day of the week.
It is transcribed from the original, found
among the ancient records of the meeting.
1st mo., 1873.
From our Men's Meeting, held at Longnewton,
the Vdth of Sixth month, ir.97.
Dear Friends and Brethren, — From a deep
sense and a holy zeal that entered our hearts
for the name of the Lord God of our fathers,
the advancement of Ills blessed truth, and the
preservation of Ilis jieople within the bounds
and limits thereof, that so you may be the re-
deemed of the Lord, and sanctified through-
out in bod}', soul, and spirit, and that having
made the inside clean, the outside may be
clean also.
These following particulars opened in our
minds in the love of God and the unity of his
Holy Spirit, to recommend to you by way of
advice, fervently desiring that all Friends
where this may come would let a concern
enter their hearts, and be stirred up in love
to the truth for the same, in practice in their
respective meetings and places, as the wise-
hearted men and women were of old, when the
first tabernacle was a building.
Xow, dear friends, first we entreat _you for
the glory of God and the everlasting benefit of
your souls, to be diligent in keeping up the
week-day meetings, according to former ad-
vices, and that notice be taken of the due ob-
servation thereof.
AVe tenderl}' advise that all Frieiuls in their
respective places, and in all their undertak-
ings and commerce with the sons of men,
keep to the form of sound words, plainness of
s])eeeh, or truth's language, both in speaking
and writing — naming the daj'S and months
lU'cording to Scri])ture, and not after the man-
ner of the iieathens, from the fii'St day to tho
seventh da}', and from the first month to the
Iwi'lfth month ; and that Friends in the fear
of the Lord, stand in the authorit}' and sim-
plicity of thepowerof truth, not giving flatter-
ing titles to men or women, as in calling them
Sir or Mr., Madam or ilrs., to ingi-aliate your-
selves into their affections for to I'avor your
cause, but keep out of the spirit f>f the world
in all things, we entreat you, tor the truth's
sake, as in oomjiany or aiinKluf;, tu rorueur
saying — here to thee, — or I'll pledge thee, —
for tho best way is to be (silent) when they
drink to you.
It is with true love tenderly to advise and
entreat all Friends to be very careful in their
habits or garments from the head to the foot,
not to make or wear anything which is super-
fluous or needless, as broad and fringed hat-
bands, needless buttons, wide-skirted coats
and great cuffs, fringed neckcloths, or any
other vain fashion noli becoming our holy pro-
fession, but that Friends make and also wear
such necessary clothing as is really plain and
ccent, that so the glory of the world may be
stained, and our glorying may be in the cross
of our Lord Jesus Christ.
Beware of covetousness, overreaching, or
many words in dealing, we beseech you for
the truth's sake, and we further advise in
bowels of unfeigned love that Friends would
be very careful not to buy any sort of house-
plenishing or furniture but what is really
plain and in its place serviceable, and that
no Friends adorn their dwelling-houses with
l)ainted vessels of diverse colors, painted
hangings or curtains, carved wood of images;
andthat Friends when they have occasion
would forbear to buy cui-iously wrought sad-
dles or fine bridles with buckles and nails
placed upon them only for an ornament yet
no way needtui, but that we still keep to
plainness both in speech, habit and dealing,
as we have often been advised in general
terms, and now of late in the last Yearly Jleet-
ing's Epistle to Friends of the Monthly and
(t>uarterly Meetings, which we have made
some particular observations upon, and find
it our Christian duty to take inspection unto
some things relating to our holy profession
and church discipline to that end all who pro-
fess the way of truth may stand clean in their
testimony-bearing against the corruptions of
the times and vain fashions of the world,
which the youth of our age are too apt to
learn like Israel of old, who suffered some of
the (Canaanites) to dwell among them, that
taught them the manner of the gods of the
nations, which was the cause of drawing their
hearts from the Lord, the Fountain of living
Water, and hewing out unto themselves brok-
en cisterns that would hold no water.
And, dear Friends, brethren and sisters, for
the reverent esteem that we have for the name
of the Lord and our holy profession, as also
for the worship of God which upon the first
day of the week we so frequently meet about,
that no Friends for the time to come go to
any sort of labor or public employment, or
that which upon other days of the week is
lawful and commendable, as binding of and
38
THE FRIEND.
loadingof corn, scaling of manure, going a fish-
ing with lines and nets, riding with horses
or carts to bring up nets and fish, or any other
employment which the Truth will not justify
us in, neither warrantable bj' the law of the
nation ; not that we would debar Friends of
the liberty which Christ our Lord allowed in
the dawning of the Gospel daj' in case of real
necessity ; but inasmuch as the primitive
Christians did in the wisdom of (rod after
Christ's resurrection set the first day of the
week apart for the worship of God, which
was the third after he suffered and the first
of his said resurrection according to the Scrip-
tures, that none of us, as we have said, go to
any public labor on that daj', for it is not only
an evil example to people, but springs from
the root of covetousness and a distrusiing that
secret hand which dail}- provides for us. Our
heart is opened in true love a little on this
wise with fervent desires to the Lord to
awaken the spirits of such as be at ease in
Zion, that so they may not seek their own
profit but evei-y one another's wealth, for
here is the true wisdom which all her children
are justified by (born) of the incorruptible
Word which lives and abides forever, unto
which we tenderly direct j^ou for life and sal-
vation— the which will be teacher, leader and
director through this vale of misery; in the
sense of which we tenderly salute you, desir-
ing that the God of all our mercies may be
truly worshipped, feared, honored and re-
nowned, who is God over all, eternally bles-
sed forever.
Signed on behalf of our said meeting.
Jesuits Suppressed by Pope GanganelU — After
the strictest examination of every argument
which could be produced either against or in
favor of the Jesuits, Clement XIV. at last
named a commission, consisting of five cardi-
nals, some prelates, and advocate, to assist
him in the execution of his design. On the
2Lst of July, 1773, he signed the Brief which
suppressed that famous order. On the lOlh
of August following, at nine o'clock in the
evening, the commissioners appointed for the
execution of the Brief, accompanied by a no
tary, and attended by a guard, went to the
difterent houses of the Jesuits, and having as-
sembled the brethren, read to them the brief
of their extinction ; at the same time, telling
them that the Apostolical Chamber would fur-
nish each of them with a secular habit, paj'
the travelling expenses of those who chose to
quit Eorae, their books and effects should be
delivered to them, and pensions should be
granted.
As the Jesuits had then a large share in the
education of youth, the sudden shutting up of
their schools might have been injurious, if
Clement had not given a new proof of his
prudence and genius. Having shut himself
up for several days, admitting only some spe-
cial advisers, he sketched a complete scheme of
education ; and having selected a number of
priests and friars who by their talents and char-
acters were suited for the posts, he immediately
appointed them professors and teachers. To
the surprise and delight of the Romans, there
was no interregnum or break in the educa-
tional work, the schools being opened under
the new masters, when man}' feared they
must have been closed for a long j)eriod.
Soon after this decided action, the health ot
the Pope gave way. It was said by some that
the multiplicity of business had weakened his
strength, but as he was of robust constitution
and temperate habits, there was every pros-
pect of long life. The principal .symptom was
inflammation and pain of the bowels, which
the physicians could neither explain nor re-
lieve, and which carried him off, after a few
months in his 70th year. It is generally be-
lieved that his death was the effect of poison,
and that he fell a sacrifice to the revenge of
the Jesuits. — From Leisure Hour.
For "The Friend."
It is not our desire to eulogize the dead in
recording their names and virtues, but to
stimulate the living that they may follow
them as they followed Christ, and to " mark
the perfect man and behold the upright, for
the end of that man is pence."
Such was Joseph Snovvdon. A man of clean
hands and a pure heart ; whose innocent life
and conversation, marked with strict integ-
rity and uprightness, exalted him above the
great of this world. Choosing the Lord for his
portion, he set his love upon him and honored
him, as David testifies in hisxci psalm, of those
who trust in the Lord : "He that dwelleth in
i:he secret place of the Most High, shall abide
under the shadow of the Almighty," &c.
Bearing the yoke of Christ in his youth,
and yielding to the manifestations of Divine
Grace in his heart, he grew from one degree
to another in the knowledge and fear of the
Lord ; exemplifying the doctrine of our Lord
and Saviour, "if any man will be my disciple
let him take up his cross daily and follow me."
Knowing first the enemies of his own house-
hold slain, he was enabled to preach to others
in the expressive language of conduct, deal-
ing justly, loving mercy, and walking hum-
bly with his God.
During the course of his life, many trials
and difficulties assailed our Society, on account
of which his spirit was often bowed under the
deep concern he felt that the truth might not
suffer reproach, and in the meekness and gen-
tleness of Christ, he bore a noble testimony
against unbelief, and the innovations which
still abound, seeking not the honor of man.
but the glorious cause he had espoused. As
an elder, he was discreet and tender — a lov-
ing father in whom we could confide, — divid-
ing the word aright, yet careful not to cry
peace when there is no peace.
Thus he became a pillar in the Church to
go no more out ; and when the final hour
arrived, our beloved friend was found waiting
for the coming of his Lord, and queried — can
this be death ? If it is, it has no sting ! His
work was done, and his end peace; having
exchanged the covering of mortality for the
whiterobeanddiademof everlasting life, and is
now, we humbly trust, through the merits of
his Redeemer, with that company John saw
who surrounded the Throne with palms in
their hands, singing praises to the Lord God
and the Lamb.
explained that he could not mend the bowl;
but the trouble lie could overcome by the gif;
of a sixpence to buy another. However, o
opening his purse it was empty of silver, an
he promised to meet his little friend on th
same spot at the same hour next day, and t
bring a sixpence with him ; bidding her meas
while tell her mother she had seen a gentU
man who would bring her the money for
bowl next day. The child, entirelj' trustin
him, went on her way comforted. On hj
return home he found an invitation awaitin
him to dine in Bath the following evening, t
meet some one whom he especially wished t
see. He hesitated for some little time, tryini
to calculate the possibility of giving the meei
iug to his little friend of the broken bowl am
still being in time for the dinner party i
Bath, but finding that this could not be, h
wrote to decline accepting the invitation, o
the plea of" a previous engagement," 8ayin|
"I cannot disappoint her; she trusted me."-
Late Paper.
Selected.
At this time, while young, T was favored t
receive much comfort in reading the Hoi
Scriptures, which I often took up when alon(
to my consolation and encouragement. The
deeply did I lament, that any of my preciou
time had been spent in perusing publication
of an unprofitable tendency ; such as play
and romances; and I was made sensible tha
nothing I had ever been in the practice of ha
so much alienated my mind from the love an
fear of God, or led me so far from the simpli
city of the pure Truth, as books of this kinc
How often did I wish I could warn the whol
world of their pernicious effects, and especially
the young people in our Society. Pennin;
this remark, brings to my remembrance ho\
in an instant I was entirely weaned f'roi
ever desiring again to look into a book of thi
description. It was by a few words expresse
by a beloved friend when I was about readin/
to her one night after we got up stairs, am
were retiring to bed. She queried with me
and I believe under Divine influence, "Dea
Mary, is such a subject likely to profit us upoi
our pillows?" The question so forcibly strucl
my mind, that I very willingly laid down th'
volume, and to the best of my remembrance
I never more read a page in that, or anything
of the like kind. I have often thought thosi
few words were indeed, "Like apples of gol(
in pictures of silver." — Mary Alexander.
Keep in the littleness, O I the littleness-
how beautiful and how safe.
Keeping Faith. — Sir William Napier was one
day taking a long country walk, when he met
a little girl about five years old sobbing over
a broken bowl. She had dropped and broken
it, in bringing it back from the field to which
she had taken her father's dinner, and said
she would be beaten on her return home for
having broken it. As she said this, a sudden
gleam of hope seemed to cheer her. She inno-
cently looked up into Sir William's face and
said : " But you can mend it, can't you?" He
THE
FRIEND.
NINTH
MONTH 20, 1873.
" I will also leave in the midst of thee ai
afflicted and poor people, and they shall trus
in the name of the Lord."
Though this was spoken by the prophet, ii
the name of the Most High, to Israel of old
when rebellion and corruption had brough'
their inseparable punishment, we apprehend i
has been likewise experienced in every age 0
the christian church. The Lord's faithful, de
dicated people, living and serving him in thi
midst of those who disregarded the law o.
THE FRIEND.
39
ighteonsness, and followed the devices of
heir own hearts, in every generation, have
een poor in spirit under a humiliatinj; sense
in believing and partaking of the suft'orings to
bo tilled up for the body's sake, if we submit
to the discipline of the Spirit only as an occa
f their own frailtj' and unworthinoss, and sional thirjg. The work of regeneratiDii anti
ppressed with sorrow on account of the in- 'eanctificalion which prepares the soul to stand
itaation of their fellow men, in pursuit of, in the unveiled presence of infinite I'uiit}-, is
anity and lies ; endangering the loss of their 'characterized by the severitj' of that Love,
nmortal souls. In enduring this kind of which not only gave Christ for a propitiator}-
ififering, his believing children are in s}'mpa- j sacrifice for the sins of the whole world, but
ly with their immaculate Lord, who is de-j which scourgeth every son whom He recciv-
'.ribed as a man of sorrow and acquainted eth. The yoke of Christ must be borne regu-
ith grief. He knew what was in man ; and, larly and habituailj' ; and we have need to be
i the judge of quick and dead, what would be 'aroused to close self-examination, if wo find
*e sentence of reward or punishment, when ourselves floating along in what seems like
i the awful assize that was hastening on, uninterrupted enjoyment, lest we be satisfy
lernal recompense was to be awarded; anding ourselves with a rest short of the true
e told the unbelieving Jews, "If ye believe Irest, and which partakes more or less of con-
)t that I am He, ye shall die in your sins'formity to the world. Walking by faith and
id whither I go ye cannot come." Having not by sight is the condition of christian life;
e tenderest feelings of a man, his heart was but that faith must be of the operation of God,
led with love and pity for those He saw .and willshowitscharacter b}' the workss])ring-
ound him, sinning and hastening to destruc- ing from it. Let it then not be forgotten,
that •' If ye endure chastening, God dealetb
with you as sons, for what son is he whom
the Father chasteneth not ? But if ye be with-
out chastisement, whereof all are partakers,
then are ye bastards and not sons."
Oh, the blessedness of being of the number
of the "afflicted and poor peojile," whom the
Lord preserveth in the midst oi'a high minded
and rebellious generation ! maj' they continue
to trust in his Name, and let their lights so
shine that others seeing their good works
may glorify their Father who is in heaven.
)n ; and his whole conduct and conversation
ow that He was "oppressed and afflicted."
iThe apostle enjoins upon the believers to
I. low in his footsteps ; but as He had the
bly Spirit bodily, or without measure, and
(his was a work lying altogether be3-ond
man reach, and He bore suffering for depths
I guilt and sin which our mere finite nature
ii'uid not sustain, in which, therefore. He is
It imitable; so, following in his footsteps,
(s reference to things that belong to our
Imanity alone, and that the Spirit which
[verns our thoughts, words and actions
buld be the same, though in different mea-
He, as He ever manifested.
(There is as great a difference in the sorrows
the Lord's " afflicted and poor people" from
)8e of the worldling as there is in their joys,
hearts unrenewed by Divine Grace know
;hing of the "tribulations of the gospel,"
iy lack any sense of divine support when
iction overtakes them, or the feelings of
lariness, desolation, and remorse force them-
ves into notice even in the hours of toil or
th. But those who abide in Christ, and
lare plainly that they seek a better country,
.t is an heavenly, although they must take
ir share of the trials common to huraanitj-,
I be given up to endure the afflictions jjecu-
to the people of God, yet, through faith,
y see Him who is invisible, and because
lives they know that they live also, and
inheritors of that peace which Christ left
' all his faithful followers. They can count
dl joy when they fall into divers tempta-
is, knowing that the trial of their faith
., I'keth patience, and that its perfect work
f'. make them perfect and entire, wanting no-
ig. Weeping may endure for a night, but
■Cometh in the morning; and great indeed
he consolation of those to whom it is given
only to believe in Christ but to suffer on
behalf Though they may at times expe-
lee what it is to be troubled on every side,
not distressed ; perplexed but not in de-
.r; persecuted but not forsaken ; cast down
not destroyed ; yet having the sentence
leath in themselves that they should not
it in themselves, but in God who raiseth
dead, they can rightly appropriate the
Jnraging language of the Apostle where
3ays : "But rejoice, inasmuch as ye are
takers of Christ's sufferings ; that when
glory is revealed, ye may be glad also
ii 1 exceeding joy."
ut we cannot realize this peace and joy
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
Foreign. — Dispatches from British consuls in vari-
ous sections of France, Russia, Italy and Germany,
report that the cholera is on the increase la those coun-
tries.
Several more railway accidents liave occurred in
England. The alarming frequency of disasters of this
character of late has been the subject of much comment.
A number of the English papers call upon the govern-
ment to interfere and compel the managers of roads to
adopt more stringent measures for the prevention of
similar occurrences.
It is expected that Queen Victoria will soon visit
Homburg, a watering place near Frankfort.
The bark Prospero, which sailed from Liverpool for
San Francisco, has been totally wrecked off Bahia,
Brazil.
The Admiralty office has received a dispatch announc-
ing the capture by the British steam sloop Daphne, of
a slave ship in the Indian Ocean, near the Seychelle
Islands. There had been terrible suffering in the slave
ship from small pox, of which two hundred and lifty
slaves had died out of three hundred taken on board.
The remaining tifty were terribly emaciated from
disease and want.
London, 9th mo. 1.5th.— Consols 92i. U. S. 10-40
bonds 90|.
Liverpool. — Uplands cotton, 9f?. ;' Orleans, 9]d.
There have been some deatiis in Paris from cholera,
but the disease does not yet prevail to any great extent.
A party of Mormon emigrants having arrived in Paris
on their way to the United States, they were notihed by
the Prefect of Police that if they held their religions
exercises in public they would be expelled from the
city.
The evacuation of Verdun by the German forces was
to be complete on the 1.3th inst., when a general illu-
mination and rejoicing were to take place.
The vine-disease is making great havoc in Portugal.
A Vienna dispatch says: Prince Charles Esterhazy,
only son of the late Prince Esterhazy, the eminent
Austrian statesman, has committed suicide.
The Emperor of Germany was expected at Vienna
on a visit to the Emperor of Austria, about the middle
of the present month.
A conference of European and American juriscon-
sults has been held at Ghent, in which several topics of
international law were discussed, viz : International
arbitration ; the three rules of the Washington treaty,
and the codification and adoption by treaty of the re-
gulations relative to private property in time of war.
The conference organized as a permanent institution,
appointed a committee to draw up an^l issiu' a mani-
festo, and ailjnurned to nn'ct in lieneva next year.
A Bombay dispatch of the lllh says: A serious riot
broke oiu several tlays agt) in the province of Madras.
Troops were sent to the scene of the disturbance and
restored order ; not, however, before ihey had lircd upon
the rioters and killed eight of them.
Salmcrnn has been elected President of the Spanisli
Cortes. In his speech on taking thechair he urged the
Deputies to give their undivided support to Castelar's
administration.
The Carlist forces have captured Fort Vaccoolos.
The resources of the northern provinces have been ex-
hausted by the war and the exactions of the Carlists.
Necessities of life even have become scarce, and thou-
siuids of families are reduce<i to indigence. An express
train which left N'ittoria for .Madrid oil the I'Jlh, while
going at full speed, ran off' the track ; the cars were
wrecked, and .seventeen persons killed and about seventy
injured.
The government was making great exertions to get
an adequate military force in the field.
A body of insurgent troops made a sortie from Car-
tagena on the Pith, but met with a repulse ; in a second
attempt they were more successful. They burned the
fascines of the works of the government forces, and
captured several pieces of artillery together with a
number of mules.
A Paris dispatch of the 14th gives a report from the
.•Spanish frontier to the effect that the Carlists have de-
feated (ieneral Loma, between Gayas and ^'idarga.
The Republicans, it is stated, suffered severely in this
engagement, and their army is badly crippled by the
reverse. The Carlists are investing Tolosa. Madrid
dispatches of the loth state that in this battle there
were about 10,000 Republican troops engaged, and
14,000 ('arlists, but deny that the government forces
were defeated.
The leaders of the Cartagena insurrection are seeking
to secure the co-operation of the C;irlists in their efforts
to raise the siege.
General Mariona has been appointed generali-ssimo
of the armies of Spain.
A Havana dispatch says, the (ire by which the Plaza
Vapor was recentiv destroyed, was a very disastrous
one. The total loss is estiniated at S:'.,000,O0(l, and the
insurance is only So"24,000, nearly all in English com-
panies. Upwards of 2500 people who occupied the
i)uildings are homeless, and nearly all have lost every
thing. Owing to the rapidity with which the fire
spread, very little property was saved.
The Pope has issued a brief, highly commending
pilgrimages to "the Holy Land, the sacred shrines of
Italy, and the various foreign sanctuaries." He grants
indulgences to the pilgrims, and also to those who at-
tend the sacraments, visit the churches, and pray for
the extirpation of heresies, the conversion of sinners,
and the triumph of the church. (_)n the other hand
pilgrimages in Italy have been forbidden by the govern-
ment prefects.
.\ number of emigrants who left England for Brazil,
have returned disajipointed. They complain that the
promises made them by agents of the Brazilian govern-
ment in England were flagrantly broken.
United States. — Mixcettane^}'-l■s. — The interments in
Philadelphia last week numbered 290, including 122
children under two years. There were 47 deaths of
consumption, 22 cholera infantum, 27 marasmus, 9
typhoid fever, and 10 oltl age.
The public schools of Philadelphia were attended in
1872 by S4,3>57 pu])ils, or, including the night schools
for the instruction of apprentices and young men, the
number was 92,974. There are 1.58,016 registered voters
in this city.
The U. S. Secretary of the Navy has received a dis-
patch from St. Johns, N. F., stating that the camp
where the crew of the Polaris spent last winter, was
found by the steamer Tigress on the 14lh ult. It was
near Littleton Island, in lat. 78° 23' North. Si.x Es-
ijuimau.x were living there, and from them and the
manuscript reconl left behind by Captain Buddington,
it appeared that the party numbering fourteen men,
had left there the first of Seventh month, in two boats
which they had made from the wreck. It was supposed
they would endeavor to reach the coast of Cireenland,
about 250 miles distant, where they might hope to fall
in with a whaling vessel. The Polaris remained afloat
sometime after the departure of the boats, when she
parted her moorings in a gale, drifted two miles, and
sunk in the ice. Icebergs now cover the wreck.
Special Treasury Agent Bryant, who for some years
past has been stationed in .Alaska to look after the in-
terests of the government in connection with the seal
40
THE FRIEND.
business, has arrived ia Washington and reports a
prosperous condition of aflairs on the Seal Islands, and
that the natives are fast becoming Americanized.
There were 578 deaths in New York last week.
Tke Market's, &c. — The following were the quotations
on the 15th inst. New York. — American gold, llli
RECEIPTS. I she was a succorer of many ; and in her capacity as :
Received from Joel Thompson, Jr., and Robert L. e''^'^''' ''"''' "'""'" enabled to speak a word in season
Pa., per Thomas Walter, $2 each, vol. 47 ; from the weary, so that it is believed that to her the langiiaj
-■ • - i.) „„! J7 . frnm Afnrv T-inp I was applicable " Inasmuch as yc havc doue it uutu 01
Walte .
Joseph Rhoads, Pa., S'i, vol. 47 ; from Mary Jane
Chambers, Pa., S2, vol. 47 ; from Sarah E. Allen, City,
$2, vol. 47 ; from George L. Smedley, Pa., per Jacob
fives, 112J. Snperfine flour, $5.80 a $6.25 ; State extra,
$7 a $7.35; finer brands, *7.50 a $10.75. White
Michigan wheat, §1.84 ; amber we.stern, $1.69; red do.,
$1.65 a $1.07 ; No. 2 Chicago spring, SI. 53 ; No. 3 do.,
$1.49. Oats, 461 a 52 cts. Western mixed corn, 65 a
67 cts. ; yellow, 69 cts. ; white, 68 a 71 cts. Philadelphia.
— Uplands and New Orleans cotton, 201 a 21 4 cts. for
middling. Superfine flour, $4 a $4.50 ; finer brands, $5
a $10. White wheat, $1.75 a $1.85; amber, $1.67 a
$1.70; red, $1.60 a $1.65; No. 2 spring, $1.45. Yellow
corn, 65 a 66 cts. Oats, 43 a 49 cts. Smoked hams,
14 a 16 cts. Lard, 8.V a 9 cts. Clover-seed, 91 a 10
cts. The receipts of beef cattle at the Avenue Drove-
yard were about 3000 head. Choice and extra sold at
7 a 7] cts. per lb. gross; fair to good^6 a 61 cts., and
common, 41 a 5| cts. Sheep sold at 5 a 6] cts. per lb.
gross. ReJeipts 14,000. Hogs sold at $7.25 per 100
lb. net for corn fed. Receipts 7,000 head. Chicago. —
Spring extra flour, $5.50 a $5.25. No. 1 spring wheat,
$1.161- ; No. 2 do., $1,101 ; No. 3, $1.07. No. 2 corn,
42J ct's. No. 2 oats, 30 cts. No. 2 rye, 68 cts. No. 2
barley, $1.32 a SI. 35. Lard, 7J cts. ' St. Xoui'j!.— No. 2
winter red wheat, $1.62; No. 3 $1.42. No. 2 mixed
corn, 44 cts. Oats, 34 cts. Barley, $1.45 a $1.50.
Bahimore. — Western and Penna. red wheat, $1.50 a
$1.60. Southern white corn, 75 a 77 cts. ; yellow, 64
cts.; western mixed, 63 cts. Oats, 42 a 46 cts. Sugar-
cured hams, 14 a 16 cts. Lard, 8] a 81 cts.
of
U. S. sixes, 1881, 116J; ditto, 1868_, 116 ;^ditto, new Smedley, $2, vol. 47 ; from Daniel Nichols, N. ¥., $2
to No. 18, vol. 47 ; from Letitla Reeve, N. .J., per Wil-
liam Evans, $2, vol. 47 ; from Levi Varney, Canada,
$2, vol. 47 ; from George D. Smith, O., $2, vol. 47 ; from
Samuel W. Stanley, lo., $2, vol. 47 ; from Joseph Pusey,
Pa., S2, vol. 47 ; from Achsah Reeve, N. J., $2, vol. 47 ;
from Jehu L. Kite, .\gent, 0., $2, vol. 47, and for Lind-
sey Cobb, Mary AVarrington, .Jane Woohuan, Abner
Woolman, Joseph Lynch, Robert EUyson, Jose])h
Painter, Eliza Ann Fogg, James H. Crew, John H.
Stanley, Thomas B. Woolman, Mary Crew, Rebecca
Carr, and Edwin Fogg, $2 each, vol. 47, for Ann Railey,
12, to No. 4, vol. 4S, and for Lydia Warrington, $2,
to No. 18, vol. 48; for James Kitely, Canada, $2, vol.
47 ; from Asa Ciarretson, Agent, O., $2, vol. 47, and for
Rachel Green, Denipsey Bundy, Robert Plummer,
Jehu Bailey, John Hall, Joseph W. Doudna, Sarah
Bailey, George Tatnm, Tacy T. Starbuck, Catharine
Wilson, John Bundy, Jesse Bailey, Barclay Smith,
Asenath Crew, Jonathan T. ScoHehl, Aaron Frame, Eli
Kennard, Dr. Ephraim Williams, Isaac Lightfoot,
William Stanton, Esther Sears, Amelia Garretson, and
Joseph Doudna, O.. and Elisha Starbuck, and Homer
Gibbons, lo., $2 each, vol. 47, and for Francis Davis,
O., $1, to No. 52, vol. 47 ; from Harvey Chace, R. I.,
!f2, vol. 47, and for Miller Cbace and Oliver Chace,
Mass., $2 each, vol. 47 ; from Elisha Roberts, N. J., $2,
vol. 47 ; from j\Iary Ann Baldwin and John Erskine
Baldwin, Pa., (ler Thos. P. Conard, $2 each, vol. 47 ;
from Edward Heiiley, City, $2, vol. 47 ; from Ann D.
Sinnickson, N. J., $2, vol. 47; from Mary B. Buftintou,
Mass., $2, vol. 47 ; from Jo.seph .Scattergood, Jr., Agent,
Pa., for B. Franklin Wickersham, Margaret W. Pyle,
Edward H. Hall, Margaretta E. Reed, Sarah Y'arnall,
Rebecca Conard, S. Emlen Sliarpless, and Enos E.
Thatclier, $2 each, vol. 47 ; from Elwood Thoma.s, Pa.,
$2, to No. 14, vol.48; from Hannah Henrie, Pa., $2.50,
to No. 14, vol. 47 ; from David Heston, Pa., $2, vol.
47 ; from Susanna Judkin.s, O., $2, to No. 30, vol. 47 ;
from Samuel Embree, lo., %1 , to No. 27, vol. 48; from
Thomas Perry, R. I., for Elizabeth Perry and George
C. Foster, $2 eacli, vol. 47, and for Charles Perry, $2,
to No. 11, vol. 48; from William Hill, Me., $2, vol. 47;
from William Hicks, City, $2, vol. 47 ; from R. Raley,
for Joseph P. Lupton, jo.seph Raley, Asenath Raley,
and Israel Steer, O., $2 each, vol. 47, and for Israel
Sidwell, O., to No. 18, vol. 47 ; from William F. New-
bold, N. J., $2, vol. 47 ; from Benjamin B. Leeds,
N. J., $2, to No. 17, vol. 48 ; from Abel J. Hopkins,
Pa., $2, vol. 47 ; from Jcjb Y'oung, lo., $2, vol. 47 ; from
Richard Mott, Agent, lo., for Eli Hodgin, Thomas C.
Battey, John Hodgin, William P. Deweese, Benjamin
V. Stanley, Joseph Battey, B. W. Hampton, Thomas
Hoyle, Joseph I'atterscjn, and Rebecca Askew, $2 each,
vol. 47 ; from John Boadle, N. J., $2, vol. 47 ; from
Sarah Bailey, Pa., $2, \-til. 47, and for Isaac B. Webb,
$2, vol. 47 ; from Natlian Woolman, City, $2, vol. 47,
and for Edward W. Woolman, ^2, vol. 47 ; from John
Woolman,City, S2, vol. 47 ; from Seth Warrington, N. J.,
$2, vol. 47 ; from Sarah Ann Cooper, City, $2, vol. 47 ;
from Roval Woodward, N. Y,, $2, vol. 47 ; from Joseph
B. Tavlo'r, Pa., $2, vol. 47 ; from William Wood, New
York City, $2, vol. 47; from AVilliam Picket, U., $2,
vol. 47; from Micaj:di M. Morlan, Agent, O., for
Frederick Maerkt and A^'on Stratton, $2 each, vol.
47, also for the following friends, the acknowledgment
of which has been delayed owing to a mi.scarriage of
the letter of advice, viz., Mark Bonsall, Samuel Street,
Stacy Cook, Sr., Sarah Ann Cope, George Blackburn,
William Darlington, Daniel Boulton, Theophilus Mor-
lan, Hannali Bonsall, William Fisher, Richard B.
Fawcett, and Elizabeth Hunt, $2 each, vol. 47, and
Edwin Holloway, $7, to No. 62, vol. 47.
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
The AViNTER Session will open on the 3rd
Eleventh month. Friends intending to send pupils to
the Institution are requested to make early application
to Charles J. Ali,en, Street Road P. O., Chester Co.,
Pa. Applications mav also be left with Jacob Smedley,
304 Arch St., Philadelphia.
WANTED
A teacher in the classical department on the boys'
side at Weattown School.
Application may be made to
Thomas Conard, AVest Grove, Chester Co.
Joseph Walton, Philadelphia.
AVilliam Evan.s, "
Charle.s Evans, "
WANTED
A suitable woman Friend to act as Cioverness
Westtown Boarding School. Apply to
Rebecca S. Allen, Philadelphia.
Sarah A. Richie, "
Susan E. Comfort, Knox St., Germantown
Lvdia L. Walton, Moorestown, N. .J.
at
EVENING SCHOOLS FOR ADULT COLORED
PERSONS.
Teachers are wanted for these schools, to be opened
about the first of Tenth month.
Application may be made to
Elton B. Giflbrd, 28 North Third St.
Ephraim Smith, 1110 Pine St.
James Bromley, 641 Franklin St.
Richard J. Allen, 472 North Third St.
FRIENDS' BOARDING SCHOOL FOR INDIAN
CHILDREN, TUNESASSA, NEW YORK.
A teacher of the school will be wanted at the com-
mencement of the Fall term.
Application may be made to
Ebenezer Worth, Marshallton, Chester Co., Pa.
Jo.seph Scattergood, 413 Spruce St., Philada.
Aaron Sharpless, Street Road P. O., Chester
Co., Pa.
Thomas Wistar, Fox Chase P. O., Philada.
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE.
Near Frankfo'rd, (Twenlij-lhird Ward,) Pliiladelphia.
Physician and Superintendent — Joshua H. Worth-
INOTON, M. D.
Applications for the Admission of Patients may be
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Board of
Managers.
Bemittances received (ifler Fourth-day moi-ning will not
appear in the Beceipts until the J'ollowiny week.
Died, on the 18th of 5th mo. 1873, Mary Passmore,
in the 83d year of her age, a beloved member and elder
of Whiteland Particidar and CJoshen Monthly Meeting,
Chester Co., Pa. She was firmly attached to the doc-
trines and testimonies of our religious Society, and
during her long and useful life, a diligent attender of
meeting.s, and concerned to wait for the arisings of life
therein, adorning the profession she made by a con-
sistent life and conver.sation. Being liberal in dispen-
sing according to her means, to the necessities of others,
applicable " Inasmuch as ye 1
of the least of these my brethren, ye have done it un
me;" and "Come ye blessed of my Father, inherit tl
kingdom prepared" for you from the foundation of tl
world."
, at his residence, Parkersville, Chester Co., Pi
on the afternoon of 7th month 5th, 1873, Abrahai
Baily, in the 72d year of his age, an esteemed memb \
of Kennett Monthly Meeting.
, on the 15th of the 8tli month, 1873, at his res
dence, near Haddonfield, N. Jersey, Joseph Snowdo'
in the 83d year of his age, a valuable and beloved eld
of Haddonfield Monthly Meeting. This dear Frtei
having in early life yielded to the visitations of Divii
Cirace, became a diligent scholar in the school of Chris
and was thereby prepared for usefulness in the churc,
Being endowed with gifts both intellectual and spiritu!
which qualified him for important stations in our r
ligious Society, he filled a number of them, with mu(
satisfaction to his friends and in promotion of the wi
fare of the cause of Truth. In common with others
partook largely of the trials preceding and attendii
the separation from the Society in 1827 ; being one
comparatively few in his Monthly Meeting, who 1
mained with Friends when the others seceded.
the year 1848, he and his wife, being drawn to the s(!
vice under a sen.se of religious duty, were placed by t
Committee in charge of Westtown Boarding Scho
They filled the stations of Superintendent and Matr
for about twelve years, discharging the various dut
connected therewith, with conscientious fidelity ; bei
careful to keep constantly in view and to endeavor
carry into ettect the primary object for which that ii
portant institution was established — the religioui
guarded education of the children of Friends. Tl
they forwarded in many ways its interest; exercisi
over the pnpils a care and influence, which j« we dot
not, has proved of lasting benefit to many. Bei
firmly attached to the doctrines of the gospel as hi
by Friends, from heart-felt conviction of their truth,
was much concerned for their maintenance and spre'
as also for the support of the testimonies and practi
growing out of them ; and deeply did he deplore ',
departures therefrom by many in the Society ; earnes
laboring to guard the flock from the hurtful influei
of .such unfaithfulness. Being careful to show fortl
his daily life and conver.sation, the efficacy of the
ligion he professed, and to maintain watchfulness:
and obedience to, the manifestations of the voice of
Shepherd of the sheep, he was made quick of und
standing in his holy fear, and enabled to di.scern
tween that which .serveth God and that which serv
him not. The humble traveller Zionward, especij
ministers of the gospel, found in him a sympathiz
friend and counsellor; he being on the watch to
courage and strengthen the hands of those who if
faithfully occupying their gifts, and to speak a wore
sea.son to those who were weary. His final sickil
was very brief, being not more than an hour. Evidel
was however given both during its continuance, as M
as a few days previous, that he was looking for and |i
pared for the solemn event; and that the sumrei
found him ready to give up a steward.ship, which jj
had been concerned from early life, to till with a sii
eye to the guidance and honor of Him whom he Ic
and desired to serve. A few nights previous to 1
death, he remarked to one of his children, that eijl
years seemed a long time to live, but nothing in cl
parison to eternity : that he believed there was notl |
in his way ; but he felt that he had been an unprotit I
servant, and that not through any works of rightei
ness that he had done, but, in great poverty of s; i
he believed, through the mercy of God in Christ Ji
he would be saved. Chi the afternoon of his death,
before the clo.se, he was heard to say in a faint vil
" Where is thy sting?" AVe reverently believe tlia i
language has been found applicable to this dear Fri/
" Well done good and faithful servant, thou hast
faithful in a few thing.s, I will make thee ruler
many things; enter thou into the joy of thy Lord.)
, suddenly by drowning, whilst bathing onl
beach near Beesley's Point, New Jersey, on the 16 1
Stli mo. last, Davis Leeds, son of Daniel and Hai '
G. Leeds, in the 32d year of his age, a menibi 0
Chester Monthly Meeting, New Jersey.
, at the same time and place, B. Rush Li •
son of Isaac and Sarah 1). Leeds, in the 21st year c i
age, a member of Chester Monthly Meeting, N. Je !
WILLIAM H. PILe7pKINTEK.
No. 422 Walnut Street.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. XLVII.
SEVENTH-DAY, NINTH MONTH 27, 1873.
NO. 6.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
ice Two Dollars per aanum, if paid in advance. Two
dollars and fifty cents, if not paid in advance.
Subscriptions and Payments received by
JOHN S. STOKES,
iT NO. 116 NORTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS,
PHILADELPHIA.
)9tage, when paid quarterly in advance, five cents
For "The Frifud."
John neald.
(Tdutitined from page 34.)
llth mo. 17th, 1816. "At Eiehmoud, A"ir-
inia. The meeting was not large, the people
ally dressed, and I thouirht mtich ignorant
f religion and worship. Though it was First-
ay, people were passing the meeting-house
■histling, and others not far from the house
■ere shooting. I suppose I heard twenty
uns not far off, in the time of the meeting.
.n hour or more was spent in silence. I at
mgth reminded them, that our Lord Jesus
hri.st, ''.'hen among men, did not always e.x-
ress words to the people when they eamc
)gether. The gracious words did not always
Weed out of his mouth on such occasions,
'oing on from one thing to another, the peo-
le's minds were led into a state of solemnity,
fter which the meeting concluded.
i 20th. At Waiuoaii. I attended the Quar-
irly Meeting for ministers and elders. I met
ith Nathan Yarnall here. There were eight
ten beside us two, and one woman to make
ae meeting. Xathan addressed a short liveh'
jmmunicatioa to them in an encouraging
ay. I stated, there is that scattereth abroad
nd j'ct increascth, and there is that with-
oldeth more than is meet, and it tendeth to
Dverty."
After speaking of their labor in the Quar-
rly Meeting and a meeting for worship
hich succeeded it, J. H. thus refers to a
leeting appointed by Nathan Yarnall the
llowing daj-. " I attended much to my satis-
iction. Though I had no public appearance
I it, yet I had a fellow feeling and near unity
ith him in his exercises."
For several days after this, way seemed to
pen for religious service in most of thefami-
38, into which thej' entered in the course of
leir journej-, and J. H. speaks of these occa-
ons as being "precious," and "sweetly
,vored opportunities," and adds, " I thought
had in these parts a compensation for all
16 pains and trouble I had gone through
nee 1 left home."
29th. "Rode through the rain to Peters-
arg, to the house of Ebenezer Thomas. I
ad been for some time under an apprehen-
on that it would be my lot to have a meet-
ig in that town, and no Friend except
Ebenezer lived in it. lie and Jesse obtained
the use of the Presbyterian meeting-house,
and spread notice ; but the evening being wet,
and many being unwell, they did not turn
out. About 100, chiefly men, came. After a
time of silence I said: It has been no small
exercise to me to appear in the capacitj^ of an
instructor or teacher, thougn this I experi
enced when among those of the Society, of
which I am a member, but I think I never
had a meeting out of the society that seemed
to me so near like one of our own. My vocal
labor was an hour or more, and I think the
minds of the people were impressed with
solemnity, and I felt thankful that I had been
favored to acipiit myself as well as 1 had done.
It is worthy of remark, the great attention
given to us, and to accommodate us and the
meeting. I hope they will receive a good re-
ward for it. Now my mind enjoys a peaceful
quiet and encouragement, which increases my
trust and confidence in Divine sufliciency. I
have gone through deep trials on account of
this meeting. 1 had to give up all and to
stand resigned to suffer in the deeps, to serve
the Lord and answer His requirings. Though
I much feared my weakness would hurt the
good cause and be a reproach to m}'self and
the Society, and thereby be a disadvantage ;
yet I feel this a dtxy of thanksgiving and praise
to the Most High."
The experience of John Heald in regard to
this meeting, is in accordance with the decla-
rations of scripture, and with the experience
of many of the true followers of Christ. This
previous preparation for service, by being
dipped into religious exercise, and thus hum-
bled and prepared to receive fresh abilit}' from
the inexhaustible Fountain of good, is one of
the mysteries of the Kingdom which is re-
vealed to the babes in Christ, though it maj'
not be understood by those who are wise in
their own eyes, and competent as they think
to discharge every duty as it arises, in their
own strength. This religious exercise is not
confined to those who are especially called to
preach the gospel, but it rests at times on the
mind of every member of the church. For
we all have duties to perform, and we all need
the enabling power of Christ to perform them
aright. IIow deeply has many a humble, in-
conspicuous one, felt the weight of a concern,
which might be only to extend a word of cau-
tion or reproof to one who was in danger of
being led into wrong ! and what blessed fruits
have often flowed from such simple obedience
to the call of duty — the rich reward of peace
and joy in the heart of the obedient servant,
and the opening of the eyes to him who was
going astraj- !
9th. " Attended Vicks' Meeting. It was
thronged. After some time I said : ' The
Kingdom of Heaven cometh not by observa-
tion.' I thought there was something stirring
in the minds of many people now-a-days, in-
ducing them to seek a place of repentance.
In the days of John the Baptist there was a
stir also ill the miiivls of the penph', when the
inhabitants of Judea and Jerusalem ami all
the region round about went; but there were
some who were reprimanded with, 'O yo
generation of vipers, who hath warned you to
tlee from the wrath to come.' In after times,
in the days of the apostles, the stir in their
minds caused them to cry out, 'Men and
brethren, what shall we do to be saved?'
And in a time of still later date, M'hen many
sought for a more certain knowledge of the
ways of the Most High, and of His true wor-
ship (for they believeil His ways were gener-
ally hid from mankind), and when they were
disappointed in obtaining such knowledge to
their satisfaction, they have been induced to
seek retired and solitary places, and in the
bitterness of their souls have poureil out their
tears and sorrows in supplication to the Most
High, that He would show them the way that
they should go to gain His favor. As they
discovered what they should do, and what
they should leave undone, to please Him, they
were faithful to perform the same, and thus
they obtained a peaceful close. This was a
good meeting.
The following day we travelled to John-
son's Meeting, and attended it the next da}^
I thought it was divinely favored above many
others. I stated the steadfast behavior of
Piuth, the Moabitess, and how it tt-nded to
bring her into a comfortable situation. I then
mentioned the case of Saul, the first anointed
king of Israel, that by disobedience ho lost the
favor of Israel's God. He afterwards lament-
ed that God had departed ti-om him, and ho
sufl'ered and died distressed. These re])re-
sented the two states of obedience and diso-
bedience. Enlarging in the way that opened,
many were tendered, and I thought it as
favored a time as any we had met with in
this journey."
In the course of his communication at Sum-
merton, where he attended meeting the next
da}', John Heald cautioned against criticising
ministers of the gospel in a censorious spirit;
he considered them rather as objects of com-
miseration and sj'mpathy, exposed to error.s
on either hand. Thej' might withhold more
than was meet, and this would tend to their
poverty' ; or they might be betrayed into un-
due activity, and hear the language, " Who
required this at your hands ?" It required
care on their parts to steer their course be-
tween these extremes.
"The next da}', at the Western Branch,
early in the meeting, I felt loaded with exer-
cise, but did not conceive that it would have
been so trying as I afterwards found it to be.
My exercise led mc to believe there was a
want of love among them. I treated largely
on the necessity of maintaining a disposition
to love one another, saying; ' IIow good and
pleasant a thing it is for brethren to dwell to-
gether in unit}', it is like the oil,' &c. ; it is a
most delightful and comfortable thing; but if
haired or malice get in, it disqualifies and un-
42
THE FRIEND.
fits the mind for the solemn duty of worship.
Where envj-, hatred or malice rankle in the
mind, we cannot be profited by meeting to-
gether ; and yet we are enjoined not to neglect
the assembling of ourselves together as the
manner of some is. From this injunction I
see not how any Christian professor (or in-
deed others) can free themselves, for will it
do in the day of account to say, ' I did not
pretend to serve thee, I made no profession
of it, therefore, ^alease to hold me excused ?' "
(To be coutinued.)
For " The Friend."
The Accnmuiation of Riches.
" Clear therefore from thy breast
This lust of treasure — folly at the best !
For why sliotddst thou go wa.sted to the tomb,
To fatten with thy spoils thou know'st not whom !"
Cou'per.
There is but little doubt that the truthful
Editorial contained in JSo. 1 of the present
volume of ■' The Friend" on this fruitful sub-
ject, met with the approval of many minds;
there are, perhaps, not a few within the bor-
ders of our Societj' at the present time, whose
attention it is hoped may be arrested by the
careful reading and consideration of the article
alluded to : may it have its due weight.
"Whilst the duty of providing for old age,
want or sickness, during a season of health
and strength, is unquestioned, it is well to
know when we have enough, and not to allow
the commendable habits of thrift and industry'
to degenerate into those of avarice and greed.
Perhaps there is no sin that is unpunishable
by law in this world, that more effectually
hardens the heart to good impressions, than
that of heaping up riches after we have ac-
quired a competency. It is important, there-
fore, for our own sakes, to keep the heart
open by giving frequently of our surplus in-
come to meritorious objects.
"Avarice sheds a blasting influence over
the finest affections and sweetest comforts of
mankind." — ■Buckminster.
Our late valued friend, William Evans, re-
marked in substance in a Yearly Meeting, not
many years prior to his death, that what he
most feared for the Society at the present
time, " was the great struggle that was goinu-
on for the acquirement of large estates, and
the consequent introduction of habitsof luxury
and extravagance." How much more satis-
factory it would be, if we could but bring our
minds to act in measure as our own executors
in charitable matters, and to be eye witness
of the good our money was doing during our
lives, rather than to leave it to an uncertain
distribution by other hands; although to
will a portion to benevolent objects is much
more commendable than to leave large for-
tunes to descendants, thereby giving them
wings wherewith to fly out of ttociety. In-
stances no doubt occur to the recollection of
many, of persons who after persisting through
a long life in declining to give of their abund-
ance to charitable objects, finally, as j'ears in-
crease and bodily and mental powers begin to
decline, become firmly impressed with the
conviction that they are really poor, and the
haunting fear takes possession of tlie mind,
that their means will not afford them a living,
and they will have to be supported by charity
or suffer for the necessities of life. A strikin<'
example of the kind occurred in a neighbor-
ing city, within a few years past, of an indi-
vidual prominent in his particular business,
and who for some time previous to his death,
lived upon bread and water, alleging in an-
swer to the remonstrances of his relatives,
that his estate would not afford more than
this meagre diet; and yet this rich but truly
poor man, died possessed of a fortune of three
millions of dollars.
"They call thee rich — I deem thee poor,
Since if thou dar'st not use thy store,
But sav'st it only for thine heirs,
The treasure is not thine, but theirs."
Among the many objects which present
themselves at the present time, on which we
maj' with great propriety expend a portion
of the means with which we maj' have been
intrusted (and for the right disposal of which
we shall undoubtedly have to render an ac-
count,) is the fund that was directed to be
raised by our last Yearly Meeting for ncreas-
ing the pay of the Teachers and Caretakers at
Westtown. The subject of education is one
that has alwtiys engaged the careful attention
of the Society, and our forefathers contri buted
liberally toward its support in their day ; nut
latterly, it is feared, we have lagged behind
other religious societies in this particular.
Few perhaps within our border are aware
of the sums of money that are being coft-
tributed in this way, and it may not be amiss
to call attention to a few instances of the kind.
Without more than a mere allusion to the
older institutions of our country, such as Har-
vard and Yale, which are largely endowed, we
may mention Cornell University, at Ithaca,
Nevv York, the endowment of which consists
of Ezra Cornell's Founder's fund, 8500,000;
College Land Scrip fund §473,402.87, and the
profits arising from sale of said land bv E.
Cornell, making in all §1,102,009.48. The
Theological Institution at Bethlehem, in this
State, in the interest of Episcopalians, was
endowed by Asa Packer in the sum of 85 lO,-
000, and latterly with an additional .$250,000
for a special benevolent purpose. Wesleyau
University, at Middletown, Conn., has a total
property of §881,056.88, of which §470,000
is real estate. The ordinary receipts last
year were 66,302.60, to which must be added
88,520.48 from permanent funds, 819,100 from
professorship funds, and several thousand dol-
lars in donations, making the total receipts
of the year 838,774.63. The expentliiures
amounted to 837,597.71, of which 824,580 was
for salaries. The president receives S3,OJ0,
the professors 82,500, the librarian 81,500 and
the curator §1,000. The friends of the Auburn
(N. Y.) Theological Seminary have succeeded
in raising §225,000 for the increase of its en-
dowment. The Baptist College, at Lewis-
burg, in this State, has a special professors
fund of $125,000; the income of which is di
vided among five persons, who have in atldi-
tion a lot of ground on which they may erect
a dwelling for themselves.
Many other instances might be presented,
but pjerhaps the foregoing may be sulfieient
to Call attention to a subject so important to
the interests of our Society.
• »
In all our cares about worldly treasures, let
us steadily bear in mind that riches possessed
by children who do not truly serve Cod, are
likely to prove snares that may more griev-
ously entangle them in that spirit of selfish-
ness and exaltation which stands in opposition
to real peace and happiness, and renders them
enemies to the cross of Christ, who submit to
the inttuenco of it.
For "Tbo Fric-ul."
Faith and HoliQess.
'■"Without faith it is impossible to pleaf-i
God;" ''Without holiness no man shall sc,
the Lord," are the words of an inspired aposth
The trial of our faith is declared to be niorl
precious than of gold that perisheth. An \
this with the profound heart repentance w
are called to, the godlj^ sorrow for sin, th
putting off the old man with his deeds, th
being renewed in the spirit of our minds tha
we may put on the new man which after GrO
is created in righteousness and true holinesi
cannot but lead into baptism, and suft'erini
and self denial. He who well knew the weab
ness of His little ones, plainly told the youn
man that cpieried of Him what good thing h
lacked, and whom it is recorded Jesus lovet
" Go and sell all that thou hast, and come an
follow me." Must not such a requisition, ii
volving a change of masters, and non-coi
formity with the world hitherto too muc
loved, be painful, even like separating betwee
bone and sinew, or the joints and marrow
But this is the alone waj' to become partaker
of that wisdom which is represented as fin
torment iiiij with her discipline; the only wa.
to arrive at that peace which is the legitimal
fruit of obedience to Divine grace ; to whic
also the promise of mercy is attached : "Grac(j
mercy and peace, from God the Father ani
from the Lord Jesus Christ." i
Deep self-abasement and renunciation, liki |
to putting the mouth in the dust, are, notwith j
standing all the superficial and self-satisfieij
may assert to the contrary, indispensable t;
the Christian warfare and victory! Ou;
heavenly Master weakens and humbles al,
His here, that He may exalt them horeaftei
He tries and proves them by conflict and sul
leriugnow, that in the end He may establisi
strengthen, settle them on Himself, the alon^
sure foundation forever. " Humble yourselve
therefore," saith the Apostle, " under th
mighty hand of God, that he may exalt yo
in due time." "If ye suft'er with Christ, yi
shall also reign with him." '.
Though ours be a self-mortifj'ing and seh
reducing religion, it nevertheless gives abui
dantly more than it takes away ; even th
hundred-fold in this life, and in the world t
come life everlasting. It was in view of thi
recompence of the reward that caused Mose
to choose rather to sufl'er affliction with th]
people of God, than to enjoy the pleasure c
sin for a season, etc. For, as is written, "h
endured as seeing Him who is invisible." I
was this also that made the Psalmist exclain
'' I had rather be a door-keeper in the hous
of my God, than dwell or reign in the tents i
wickedness." It was this which supporte
Abraham in the called for sacrihce of his onlj
and fondly cherished son. It was this, n
doubt, which the Saviour had in view whe
he said, '■ If thy right eye oft'ond thee (or caut
thee to ottend), pluck it out, and cast it froi
thee ;" and " If thy right hand ottend thee, co
it off', and cast it from thee : for it is protitabl
for thee that one of thy members shoul
perish, and not that th}' whole body shoul
be cast into hell."
Then let us not mistake any smooth an
easy path for that which calls for living sacr
fices, and is ever straight and narrow ; let u
not get up any pattern of righteousness, bu
that shown in the Mount; let us not manu-
facture any artificial cross in place of the tru<
which must cruelty to the world, and whereb
THE FRIEND.
43
,e world becomes crucified to lis; let us not
ek any bypath however much trodden,
•ound the fire, such as the sagacious Indian
,w whereby the humiliating process of death
ito life shall be avoided ; lastly let us not be
dnced to put on any mock huniilit}' as an-
gering for that which lives in deep prostra-
on of heart and contrition of soul before tlie
11-seeing unto His glorious kingdom — where
lere is neither change, nor sin, nor sorrow ;
t where faith and hope and holiness are
rever perfected.
The Assyrian Explorations,
The proprietors of the Daily Telegraph have
resented to the British Museum not only the
iblets discovered b}' Mr. George Smith, but
Iso the collection purchased by him in Assy-
The Telcgra]ih, in a leading article on
Smith's explorations, says :
We are happy to be able to state that the
Dxes containing the more portable treasures
antiquity exhumed by Mr. George Smith
Assyria, have safelj' reached this country.
hey have passed through various adventures
f field and tlood while being brought down
y their discoverer to Alexandretta, one pack-
26 having been nearly lost in a stream, and
other kicked open in mid-desert by a re
■actory mule. Arriving safely from all these
oints at the coasts, they were detained bj-
le Turkish otficials, although Mr. Smith
pened and repacked the tablets in their pre-
mce, to show that no gold or jewels of the
ssyrian monarchs were being exported.
hanks, however, to the interposition of Sir
[enry Elliot, her Majest3-'8 Consul at Alcx-
ndretta was soon enabled to send the trea-
nres forward, and we shall have the gratifi-
ation this week of handing them over intact
Mr. Smith, to enrich the national collection
f Assyrian relics.
"We believe that the portion of the deluge
ablet which our erudite commissioner hit upon
fortunately will be found to add the raiss-
ng page to that very interesting part of tlie
egend where the building of the ark was de-
cribed. The narrative which excited so pro-
bund an interest last December, broke otf
■fter this point, but the new piece goes on to
ecite how the god Ilea enjoined the con
trnctor of the a"i'k to put into it the various
nimals in their order. To liglit upon so pre-
ious a page of antique record, so absorbingly
nteresting at once to the naturalist and Bib-
ical students, wasindubitablj- lucky; and this
was not the only instance of unusual good for-
-une. In the course of his excavations Mr.
5mith came upon a broken signet cylinder,
nade of black and white banded agate, which
le is convinced will prove to be the missing
jortion of an important seal of Sennacherib,
.he other moiety of which was already in our
nuseum. Among other valuable items in
;b08e boxes will now come to hand the tablet
)f Assyrian law denouncing ihose who dis-
)bey the statutes and take bribes in the seats
)f judgment; the syllabary — a sort of dic-
lionary throwing fresh light upon all cunei-
brm texts — and a bilingual inscription in
&kkad and Assyrian of so much value for
irchajologists. There will arrive a very curi-
)U8 fragment proving that the Sabbath was
jn institution of these ancient monarchies,
prescribing the food to be eaten on the seventl
A cylinder of Sargon is among the relics,
whichillustrates in the most striking manner
a i>assago in the 15ook of Isaiah ; and there
will be a new text of the reign of Assur-Bani-
Pal, giving the history of the original con-
quest of Babylon, 2280 years before the Christ-
ian era. A brick inscription of Sbalmanezer,
and of his son,Tugultininip, the builder of the
great temple, will be of interest to chronolo-
gists, and equally attractive to students of the
religious historj' of mankind will bo some tab-
lets from Babylon bearing on rites and cere-
monies. From Kalah Shergliat comes a tab-
let inscribed with the conquests of Assur-u-
Balid, and from Ilillah some contemporane-
ous inscriptions of Cyrus, along with other
fragments, which may perhaps throw light
upon the singular fact that Xerxes, although
he reigned for twenty-one j'ears, is not men-
tionedon any of these southern monuments
hitherto discovered. There will be Seleucian
and Parthian texts, too, amid the consign-
ment of 'old oblivion,' which, albeit of a far
later age than the Assyrian treasures trove,
niaj- have importance as bearing on historical
dates and facts. It is needless to remark that
Mr. Smith was far too busy in the superin-
tendence of his excavation to exhaust the sig-
nificance of these and many other items of his
collection. With a hundred lazy Arabs to
look after, and trenches open in several spots
at once, he could do little more on the actual
site than verify the character of each dis
covery. So rich, indeed, are these mounds in
the records of vanquished empires that, to the
last moment of his leave of absence, the ener-
getic cnneologist kept finding precious frag-
ments, and objects of high interest were actu-
ally unearthed and packed away on the morn-
iuii' of his departure."
For "TTie Friend."
On Hating Reproof.
The following letter of Isaac Penington, on
hating reproof, is commended to the serious
consideration of the readers of " The Friend."
Truly the kernel of things was reached by
these sons of the morning; who, while they
called for submission to the rebukes and chast-
enings of the Lord's Spirit, and to patience in
the furnace of trial and sutfering, of which
they had largely to partake, and by which
they became What they were, they also could
at times rejoice themselves, and point others
to the hope of the recompense of the reward ;
the fulness of heavenly fruition ; thejoy which
no man could take from them.
" To Catharine Por/lage and another :
Friends, — Take heed of that spirit, which
will be stirring up hard thoughts in you of
God and his way, and the faithful testimony
thereof, when, in the tender mercy of the
Lord, it is given forth to you ; for, that spirit
is your soul's enemy. Wait, therefore, to
know in yourselves that which is to stumble,
and fall, and be snared, and broken, and taken;
for it cannot receive God's Truth.
And take care of that spirit which hateth
reproof; for, the reproofs of instruction are
the ways of life, and whom the Loi'd love.s, he
rebukes and chastens. And trulj-. Friends,
this is God's Truth in my heart to you both,
this morning: the ministration of conviction
and reproof, is that which ye are to come
victions and re))roofs of that in you, which is
contrary to God. And, if yo walk faithfully
in this dispensation, ye shall in due time know
another, when the work of this is over; for
really, friends, ye must be emptied of that
wherewith ye are now filled, before ye can
be filled witii that which is true and living.
If I should saj' one word to you, could ye bear
it? and yet this counsel is with me towards
you : O ! wait for, receive, embrace, be glad of
that which re])roves you, and be afraid of that
which comforts you in your present state ;
for, ye are to come through the trouble, judg-
ment, breaking down, plucking up, consum-
ing, and burning of the contrary nature and
spirit, which yet deceives you ; and to witness
all the know"ledge, profession, practices, be-
liefs, hopes, that are founded there, and spring
up there, confounded and destroyed, before
ye can possibly come into the true ministra-
tion of life and power. Ye must die to your
own wisdom, if ever j-e will be born of, and
walk in the Wisdom of God. Yea, ye must
die to that part, that is so active from and in
that wisdf)m, and which would be laboring in
the very fire for what is but vanity; if ye will
receive the knowledge, which springs out of
truth and life itself, which indeed flows over,
and covers the earth of God's heritage, as the
waters cover the sea, in this da.y of bis great
goodness and plenteous redemption.
When we were in desolation and great dis-
tress, indeed unutterable, we had none of
these helps and instructions which abound
towards you. O what a day of mercy have
you met with ! and how great will be your
condemnation, if j'o bccoine as deaf adders to
the Spirit of the Lord, and so miss of his sal-
vation. And if ye will ever know the Spirit
of the Lord, ye must meet with him, as a
searcher and reprover in your own hearts;
yea, the merciful God must ye meet with as
a severe Judge, and unquenchable, consuming
fire against that spirit, wisdom, knowledge
and fhith in you, which is but of a chafty na-
ture. Truly, Friends, it is far better to be
stripped of it than to find any rest or pleasure
in it.
O hear the voice of the living God ! His
word is nigh, — nigh you ; and his word hath a
voice that speaks. O that the car that can
hear, might be opened in you! and the ear
stopped which will not, cannot hear the voice
ofthe Shepherd ! O wait for the Reprover! and
turn the ear to him, letting in his reproofs,
and turning from what he reproves foi-, with-
out murmuring, without disputing; and the
exercise of that ear will open it more and
more : so that ye will come to know the voice
more and more ; which, though it prove very
bitter to that which is of a contrary' nature,
and would not hear the voice, yet will be
sweet, yea, sweeter and sweeter daily, to the
true birth. And here ye will witness true
death to that which is to die; and true life
ministered by Him who lives forever, to that
which is to live.
But while ye are striving to comprehend,
and to begin obedience after that wisdom, ye
will find the power, which opens to others,
shutting you out of that which is true; and
yourselves liable to be tempted, and persuaded
to esteem and take up that which is false, in-
stead of that which is true.
What spirit is that in you which prejudices
day, and forbidding the king's chariot to belunder ; and it is your proper state to wait your hearts inwardly against and makes j ou
brought forth, with other remarkable enact- daily, not for comforts, not for refreshments, I so apt to cry out because of destroying C is
ments I (that day is to come afterwards,) but for con- it not that spirit that would save alive what
44
THE FRIEND.
is to be destroyed in you, that your souls
might live in and to God ? The Lord discover
to you, how the enemy works in you, against
the life and salvation of your souls ; for he
knows what will be the issue of this destroy-
ing work, if it have its thorough course and
effect upon you ; and that none of his king-
dom will be left standing in you.
I. P.
7th of Seventh month, 1671.
On Gospel Ministry.
"If any man speak, let him speak as the oracles of
God; if any man minister, let him do it, as of the
ability which God giveth ; that God in all things mav
be glorified, through Jesus Christ." — 1 Pet. iv. 11.
The call of a minister must be of God. No
man can enter into this dignified work merely
from his willing or running. He cannot
preach the Gospel unless he be sent, and if
Christ send not, of course he is not a mes-
senger or minister of Christ. The ministers
of the Gospel, to the present day, must be
called by the same authority and clothed with
the same Spirit, that the Apostles had, though
it may not be in the same degree. They, by
virtue of their call and qualification were mes-
sengers and ambassadors of Jesus Christ : —
who then can assume these high titles, with-
out having received a message to deliver, or
a commission to fulfil, from Christ: — without
these, the very essentials are wanting.
As it is the prerogative of the Great Head
of the Church alone, to select and call the
ministers of His Gospel, so both the gift, and
the qualification to exercise it, must be derived
from Him, and as in the primitive Church so
now also. He confers them on women as well
as on men. The apostle Paul, in sjjcaking of
his ministry, declares, "I neither received it
of man, neither was I taught it, but by the
revelation of Jesus Christ" — (Gal. i. 12) ; that
the exercise of it was not in the words which
man's wisdom teacheth, but which the Holy
Spirit teacheth, and that his speech and his
preaching "was not with enticing words of
man's wisdom, but in demonstration of the
Spirit and of power;" that the faith of his
hearers, might "not stand in the wisdom of
men, but in the power of God." — (1 Cor xi
4, 5.)
The apostles and true ministers in the
Church of Christ were, and are, so called and
qualified ; even those who had been tlie com-
panions of Christ in the flesh, were command-
ed to tarry at Jerusalem, until they were
"endued with power from on high," clearly
proving that nothing but "power from on
high" renewedly furnished, can enable men
to preach the Gospel.
Prayer and thanksgiving arc important
parts of worship, and may be considered as be-
longing to the ministry. To address Almighty
God on behalf of an assembly, expressing ?/i,e/;-
■wants and /Ae»' feelings, cannot be done with-
out the Spirit of Jesus Christ, through whom
guage should be solemn and concise, comport-
ing with the dignity and solemnity of the oc-
casion.— Extracted from Works of the Society
of Friends.
Original.
INFLUENCE OF A WORLDLY SPIRIT.
Years are stealing on apace ;
Man'is speeding on his race.
Closely, I his progress mark ;
Childhood's light grows dim and dark,
Mists I cast before his eyes
And deluding shades arise.
By my serpent folds entwin'd,
Firmer, firmer, do I bind ;
Virtue is but fiction's theme.
Love is but the poet's dream ;
Thirst for pelf, dross of the spirit,'
These from me he doth inherit.
Now the web is closely woven,
Now the gulf is widely cloven;
Aspirations cease to rise,
Eartliward now are fix'd the eyes.
Earth holds the spirit in my pow'r ;
It becomes my rightful dow'r.
There the treasures that I bring,
As time speeds with silent wing;
The pure dreams of early youth.
Love of virtue and of truth
Vanisb, as my chains I bind
Round those by my folds entwin'd.
Z. D.
• »
Selected.
SOWING AND REAPING.
Sow with a generous hand.
Pause not for toil or pain.
Weary not through the heat of suniper.
Weary not through the cold spring rain;
But wait till the autumn comes
For the sheaves of golden grain.
Scatter the seed, and fear not;
A table will be spread ;
Wliat matter if you are too weary
To eat your hard-earned bread :
Sow while the earth is broken,
For the hungry must be fed.
Sow, while the seeds are lying
In the warm earth's bosom deep.
And your warm tears fall upon it, —
They will stir in their qniet sleep.
And the green blades rise the quicker,
Perchance, for the tears you weep.
Then sow, — for the hours are fleeting,
And the seed must fall to-day ;
And care not what hands shall reap it,
Or if you shall have pass'd away
Before the waving corn fields
Shall gladden the sunny day.
Sow, and look onward, upward,
Where the starry light appears, —
Where, in spite of the coward's doubting,
Or your own heart's trembling fears,
Y'ou shall reap in joy the harvest
You have sown to day in tears.
Household Words.
Telegraph in Persia. — The shah is a frequent
visitor !it the telegraph office, which is close
to the palace, and exceedingly fond of con-
versing directly through the wires with the
governors of the provinces through which
alone there is access, and by whom alone wo [they pass. As the day approaches for the
can have that feeling sense of the states ofj payment of their annual tribute, the governors
others, which is necessary in this most solemn have an uneasy time of it; for then his ma-
exorcise. Our Lord, while personally on Ijesty's visits are redoubled, and questions as
earth, adverted particularly to the subject of 'to the amount of tribute and the time of its
prayer; He admonished His disciples, not to ! arrival become the burden of his messages.
bo as some, who used vain repetitions, and | The J>ersian language is naturally deficient
thought they should be heard for their much in words descriptive of most of our late inven-
speaking:— those who are favored with the tions, and it is consequently difficult to make
nearest access to the Throne of Grace, will even educated men understand the theory and
feel the most awfulness, reverence, and self- working of the telegraph. Thus, on one oc-
abasement, in these approaches. Tho Ian- 'casion, much of the time of one of our officers
was occupied during several weeks in attempt
ing to enlighten the mind of a provincia
governor, who had got it into his head tha
the wires were hollow-tubes, and that men
sages were transmitted through them, as ii
the pneumatic post, hi vain was the whoh
apparatus shown to his highness, in vain were
all its parts explained and re-explained ; Ik
stuck to his idea ; and it was only by the sag
gestion of the following simile that be was
at last, induced to relinquish it and declan
himself satisfied : "Imagine," said the officer
" a dog whose tail is hero at Teheran, and his-
muzzle in London ; tread on his tail here, and
he will bark there." Similar difficulties were
experienced, it seems, in convejnng to the
mind of Ferrukh Khan a correct idea of the
machinery of the steamer which was to con-
vey him from Trebizonde on his mission to
the courts of Pai'is and London ; for when, on
going on board, he was told that the machine
was of 500 horse power, his face beamed with
pleasure at the prospect of seeing so many
horses, and he at once asked permission to
visit the stables. — Mounsey's Caucasus and
Persia.
For "The rrienil"
Some Other Way.
Such is the perverseness of man's nature in
his fallen and unregenerate state, that he
seems averse to walking in the strait and
even path of Truth ; that he is continually
striving to find some other way. We find
recorded in the Scriptures, that in the early
ages of the world, soon after the flood, the
descendants of Noah concluded to build a
tower that should reach to heaven, but they
were confounded and scattered before they
had accomplished the object they had in
view : and it seems after all that befel them,
that there has been a great many Babel build-
ers since their day, who have had about the
same succsss that they had. The human
mind is easily caught with the idea that there
is a shorter, easier way to heaven, than the
way cast up for the ransomed and redeemed
to walk in; and so, in all ages of the world
we find man using all his intellectual powers,
to find out this other way — a way in which he
could walk without self-denial and the daily
cross to his fallen and corrupt nature — a way
in which self need not be slain; so that he
can take the world with him, with its false
pleasures, its follies and its fashions. But our
Saviour said when here upon earth, "I am
tho door, by me if any man enter in he shall
be saved." It is only by and through Him,
that we can ever expect to enter the true
sheepfold ; for it is stiid, " He that entereth
not by the Door into the sheepfold, but
climbeth up some other w;iy, tho same is a
thief and a robber." We cannot expect to
be heirs of two kingdoms ; of this world
with its sinful pleasures and its transitory
enjoyments, and of that pure and spiritual
kingdom above, where nothing impure can
ever enter. We must choose one or the other,
we cannot fake them both, for they stand in
opposition one to the other and will continue
to be thus opposed until the kingeloms of this
world become the kingdom of the Lord and
of his Christ : for it is said expressly " ye
cannot serve God and mammon ;" that is, the
god of this world.
There are many by-ways that are calculated
to lead the unwary off tho strait and narrow
way, if there is not a strict watch kept : and
)
THE FRIEND.
45
I! =^
ame of these by-waj-s seem to take the same
irectioii, and by some will be claimeil to be
uite an improvement on the i:;oocl old way ;
ut in the end, when it is too late, they will be
)und not to lead to the kingdom ot heaven
t all. Sometimes after we have made ad-
ances in the strait and narrow way, there is
anger of our becoming weary therein ; of our
ecoming tired of its straitness, and incline
) turn back into Egyjit : for we fiutl that
le children of Israel after they had been led
irough the Red sea from the house of bond-
e, with signs and wonders and with an out-
iretched arm ; after being led by a pillar of
Olid by da}' and a pillar of tire by night, and
ad eaten of the manna and drank of that
.oek that followed them, their hearts turned
ack to the licuse of bondage ; they lusted
fter the flesh-pots of Egypt ; they loathed
le manna that had been given them, and
esired the leeks, the onions and the garlic of
Igypt instead. And so the Christian in his
Igrimage, is tempted to look back to that
hich should be left behind. It will be found
lat it is only the spiritual manna that can
istain the .soul in its heavenward journey : but
hen we begin to look back, we are apt to begin
3 substitute something else for this spiritual
)od, and so put shadow for substance ; a
30w of religion for religion itself; words for
ower ; forms and ceremonies for regencra-
on ; a form of words, for true, spiritual wor-
bip. For though our Saviour said expressly
) the woman of Samaria, and it is so recorded
1 the Scriptures of truth, that "God is a
pirit and the}- that worship llim must wor-
:iip Him in spirit and in truth ;" yet most
rofessors of this same religion have a form,
1 order to worship Him: and there seems
ow a tendency to go back, more into forms
nd ceremonies by some, who in a measure
Jemed to be weaned from them ; some who,
a measure, bad begun in the spirit, now
;em to seek to be made perfect by the flesh,
p by human agency, or by forms and cere-
lonies, to which they desire again to be in
ondage. And even in our own Society, which
as gathered out of the forms and ceremo-
ies that had been instituted iu the time of
16 apostacy, into pure spiritual worshij), to
ait on the Lord in the silence of all flesh
efore Him, that we might be enabled through
[is divine assistance, to worship Ilim in spirit
nd in truth ; but it seems now, that some
nder our name, seem to be weary of this
piritual worship, and are inclined to forsake
for one more in accordance with that of
ther societies ; like the Israelites of old, who
ished to be like the nations round about
lem. Thus it may be asked of those who still
3inain faithful to that spiritual religion and
orship instituted by Christ himself, as it
as asked of the disciples formerly, when
lany turned back and walked no more with
lim, the Saviour of the world : " Will ye also
0 away ?" The reply should be as it was
len : " To whom shall we go, thou hast the
•ords of eternal life." Which cannot be said
I' man, with all his good words and fair
X'eches, nor all his forms and ceremonies
'hich he has set up in his own will and wis-
om. But let us come to that which entereth
ito that within the veil, where forms and
3remonies cease and are of no avail, to that
'hich is bej'ond words, to the power of an
ndless life. Then we will not become w'eary
four silent waiting on the Lord in our solemn
ssemblies ; we will then, have no desire to
turn again to the weak and beggarly elements.
I believe it might be properly' said of evoi'y
man in our religious Society as it was to the
Galatians, by the Apostle formerly : " O fool-
ish Galatians, who hath l)e\vitched you that
ye should not obey the truth? before whose
eyes Jesus Christ hath bei-n evidently set
forth crucified among you." And I would sa}'
to those who have begun to walk in the good
old way, and are not seeking for some other
way, in the words of John Barclay: " The
Lord God as he hath begun a good work will
carry it on if we be but faithful to Him, over
all that the enemy or his instruments can do
to hinder it. Oh, that we maj' think nothing
too dear to part with for Him, but that we
may give up all freely for Him, if Ho please
to make use of any of us as instruments in
Ilis hand ; and that our eye may bo unto Him,
and so abide faithful unto the end, which
will be of more value than all the perishing
pleasures and transitory enjoj'ments of this
world." ■ J. H.
Ohio, Xinth mo., 1873.
Physiology of a Sponge.
If we take a morsel of a toilet sponge and
put it under a microscope of moderate power,
we find that it is made up of a mass of com-
plicated net-work. There is more or less re-
gularity in the meshes, and these are found of
various patterns in the different species. This
heap or mass of net-work, commonly called a
sponge, is really the skeleton of a sponge.
When living it is covered with or literally
embedded in a glairy, gelatinous or albumin-
ous substance. But this is so unlike ordinary
animal tissue, for it seems really tissueless,
that it has received the technical name sarcode.
Thissarcode fills the meshes above mentioned,
and is held in place by innumerable tiny spi-
cules, mixed in so to sjieak like the hair in the
mortar of the plasterer. So little consistency
has this sarcode or sponge-flesh that, but for
this natural felting, it would dissolve and flow
away. Nc^, take an ordinary sponge into
the hand. We observe several large aper-
tures at or towards the top. These are called
the oscula. They are the exhalent vents of
the entire system. At these openings is ex-
pelled, with some force, the water that has
been taken into the living mass, and deprived
of its nourishment. But how is the water
brought in through that glairy sarcode?
Besides the oscula, which arc few and rea-
dily seen, even in the skeleton, there are in-
numerable tiny inlets known as pores. These
are not visible in the skeleton, as they really
belong to the sponge-flesh. These pores open
into the meshes and enter directly certain
little cavities, or chambers, that stand con-
nected with circuitous passages, which finally
lead to the outlets, or oscula. The pores are
very small, and yet, compared with the cells,
are very large. The little chamber into which
the pore opens has its walls built up with
these uniciliated cells. Now if we could only
peep into the privacy of that chamber, with
its walls of living stones, without making any
disturbance, we should find every cell lashing
its cilium with great vigor, and all in such
harmony of accord, that it would seem like
" Beating time, time, time,
In a sort of Runic rhyme."
The beating of each lash is doubtless down-
wards, that is, inward ; the effect of which is,
a vacuum above into which the water presses
through the external pore. A second result
of this downwai'd beating of the cilia from a
myi'iad of cells is, the im]iulsion of the pass-
ing water through the ramifications leading
to the oscula. Thus the running of the waters
is the sponge's ancient " Eunic rhyme." Every
sponge, then, has a verj' com]ilete aquiferous
system : its conduits at the entrance of and
along which the busy one-lashed cells occupy
themselves forcing the water along; and tho
oscula, which may be likened to the outlets
of sewers. Huring this circulation of the fluid
through the living mass, the sarcode obtains
its nourishment, and tho skeleton its growth
b}- a sort of absorption, or what is known to
the physiologist as endosinotic action of tho
cells.
We have then mentioned above three clearly
specialized functions, as represented respec-
tively b}' the inhalant pores, tho exhalant
oscula, and the uniciliated cells. And it is
certainly a matter of prime importance that
each cell should have this single lash. Both
the oscula and pores can be closed at the will
of the animal ; but the oscula are permanent
apertures ; whereas the ])ores arc not constant,
but can be formed afresh whenever and wher-
ever required. — Popular Science Monthly.
«-»
Thomas Elwood's Accouiit nf that Eminent and
Honorable Servant of the Lord, (ieorge Fox.
This holy man was raised up bj' God, in an
extraordinary manner, for an extraordinary
work, even to awaken the sleejiing world, by
proclaiming the mighty day of the Lord to
the nations, and publishing again the everlast-
ing Gospel to the iidiabitants of the earth,
after the long and dismal night of apostacy
and darkness. For this work the Lord be-
gan to prepare him, by many and various
trials and exercises from his very childhood;
and having fitted and furnished him for it, he
called him into it very 3'oung; and made him
instrumental by the ettectual working of tho
Holy Ghost, through his ministry to call many
others into the same work, and to turn many
thousands from darkness to the light of Christ,
and from the power of Satan unto God.
I knew him not until the year IGGO; from
that time to the time of his death (1690), I
knew him well, communed with him often,
observed him much, loved him dearly, and
honored him truly ; and upon good experi-
ence can say, he was indeed a heavenl}--mind-
ed man, zealous for the name of the Lord, and
preferred the honor of God before all things.
He was valiant for the Truth, bold in assert-
ing it, patient in suffering for it, unwearied in
laboring in it, stead}' in his testimony to it,
immovable as a rock. He was deep in divine
knowledge, clear in opening heavenly myste-
ries, plain and powerful in preaching, fervent
in praj'er. He was richly endued with hea-
venly wisdom, quick in discerning, sound in
judgment, able and read5' in giving, discreet
in keeping, counsel : a lover of righteousness,
an encourager of virtue, justice, temperance,
meekness, purity, modesty, humilitj', charity
and self-denial in all, both by word and exam-
ple. He was graceful in countenance, manly
in person, grave in gesture, courteous in con-
versation, weighty in communication, instruc-
tive in discourse, free from aftectation in
speech or carriage. A severe reprover of hard
ind obstinate sinners, a mild and gentle ad-
monisher of such as were tender, and sensible
of their failings. Not apt to resent personal
wrongs; easy to forgive injuries; but zeal-
46
THE FRIEND.
1
ously earnest where the honor of God, the
prosperity, truth and peace of the church,
were concerned. He was very tender, com-
passionate and pitiful to all that were under
any sort of affliction ; full of brotherly love,
full of fatherly care ; for indeed the care of
the churches of Christ was daily upon him,
the prosperity and peace whereof he studiously
sought.
Beloved he was of God ; beloved of God's
people ; and, which was not the least part of
his honor, the common butt of all apostates'
envy; whoso good, notwithstanding, he ear-
nestly sought.
He lived to see the desire of his soul, the
spreading of that blessed principle of divine
light, through many of the European nations,
and not a few of the American islands and pro-
vinces, and the gathering of many thousands
into an establishment therein ; of which the
Lord vouchsafed him the honor to be the first
effectual publisher, in this latter age of the
world. And havint; fought a [rood fio-ht. fin-
ished his course, kept the faith, his righteous
soul, freed from the eartblj- tabernacle in which
he had led an exemplary life of holiness, was
translated into those heavenly mansions where
Christ our Lord, went to prepare a place for
his own ; there to possess that glorious crown
of righteousness which is laid u])for, and shall
be given by the Lord, the righteous Judge, to
all them that love his appearance. Ages to
come, and people j-et unborn, shall call him
blessed ; and bless the Lord for raising him up :
and blessed also shall we be, if we so walk as we
had him for an example ; for whom this testi-
mony lives in my heart: he lived and died the
servant of the Lord.
first published, soon after his death, obtained
so universal a popularity as to excite the jeal-
ousy of Voltaire, who denied their authenti-
city. Some of his reasons were very foolish
and trivial, but his authority has led the ma-
jority of critics to consider the letters spurious.
If it be so, and if they were written by Gan-
ganelli's biographer, M. Caraccioli, they cer-
tainly express the opinions and character of
Clement XIV., a man of learning, integrity
and humility, and altogether one of the most
liberal and respectable of the popes.) — Leisure
Hour.
Revelation and Scepticism. — The world in
all ages has been the scene of disputes and
errors, and we ought to think ourselves happy,
amidst so many clouds of contradiction, to
have an unerring light to lead us the right
way, I mean the light of revealed truth, which,
in spite of all the eiforts of infidelity, will
never be extinguished. Religion, like the fir-
mament, sometimes maj' appear obscure to
us, but at that very time is not less radiant.
The passions and senses are vapors which
spring from our corruption, and intercept the
rays of heavenly light, but the man who re-
flects, without being astonished or alarmed,
waits the return of a serene and cheerful sky.
We have seen the fogs dispersed which were
raised by Celsus, Porphyry, Spinosa, Collins,
and others, and we may be assured that those
of modern philosophy will share the same fate.
In every age some singular men have appear-
ed who, sometimes by violence, sometimes by
fanaticism, seemed to threaten the annihilation
of Christianity ; but they have passed away
like those tempests which only serve to show
the face of heaven more bright and serene. It
is for want of principles of solid knowledge
that some men are dazzled by sophistry, and
the most trivial objections appear unanswer-
able to the ignorant. This world is full of
mysteries, of which there can be no solution,
without revealed religion. It is revelation
alone which can account to ns for the im-
mensity of that heaven of which the unbe-
liever cannot divine the use ; for the miseries
which we suffer, of which the mere philoso
pher cannot assign the cause ; for the grow
ing desires which agitate us, and which with
out religion we cannot calm. — Ganganelli's
Letters. (The " Letters" of Gatiganelli, when
The Lion and the Shnrk.
FOR THE CHILDREN.
It is now many years since a Capt. Parker
commanded a brig named the Sarah, and sailed
from London for the coast of Africa, with a
general cargo to barter for produce. In one
of his business transactions, amongst other
commodities, ho got a young cub lion, and re-
solved to bring it home to London. Bob
Jones, the cabin-boy, took charge of it, and
there not being a dog on board, put it into the
dog-kennel, and by his kindness to it, and
his feeding it regularly, they became great
friends.
The cub grew very fast, and Bob would
play with it every chance he had, and even
neglected his duty to gambol with his fiivorite.
Still the captain would not see this, for ho was
as fond of the cub as the boy was, though he
dared not make so free with it.
A great number of people used to go to the
dock to see this creature, as it became so fond
of the boy, and would play and roll about the
deck with him on a fine day, to the great
amusement of the lookers-on ; in fact, they
were more like two lion whelps, tumbling
over each other and wrestling, than anything
else ; but no one except Bob dared touch the
cub.
Then the Sarah was chartered, at so much
per month, to go to Akyab to load rice, and
was about eighteen months on fhe voyage
round. When the vessel returned to London
the lion had grown to be as large as a New-
foundland dog, and all the time the hoy Jones
had been his comrade and attendant, and could
still take the same liberties with it, but no
one else dared to do so, not even the captain,
though he was very kind to it, and he would
not allow any of the sailors to be otherwise.
Once, half in jest, one of the men offered to
take a rope's end to the cub, but its fury was
so great that the jest was never repeated, and
the same man was not safe on the deck after-
wards. On the whole, however, all the sailors
were fond of the creature, and would have
liked to play with it, but none were permit-
tod, or indeed safe to do so, except his first
friend. Bob Jones. With him the whelp was
alwaj'8 docile.
A singular circumstance occurred on the
homeward passage. Three days after passing
the Cape of Good Hope, the Sarah fell in with
a number of sharks. It was a fine, calm day,
and all on board set to work to try and catch
one of these monsters. The officers tried to
shoot one, and the sailors to harpoon one, but
all in vain. At last the sailors got a long
rope, in which they tied a sliding loop or
noose, and with great difficulty they managed
to throw this over the head of a shark which
approached the vessel nearer than the rest ;
then they drew the rope tightly, and with
immense exertion the monster was got on;
board, after about six hours' labor. Once onP
the deck, the shark made such use of its tailil
that no one could venture to go near it. Pre-iS
sently the young lion, seeing a stranger on'
deck cutting such queer capers, seemed curious
to have a nearer look at him, but his enter-
prise cost him dear, for the shark managed to;
get one of the lion's fore-paws in its mouth.
He then became almost mad with rage and
pain, for his foot could not bo extracted until
the upper and lower jaws of the monstrous
shark wore forced apart, while the roars of
the lion were awfully hideous to hear. A
new office now developed upon Bob Jones, for
he alone could venture to go near the wound-'
ed whelp. He washed its injui'ed paw and'
carefully bound it up, while the poor animal
lay still and permitted him to do as he liked
with it, and even seemed to be grateful for
his attentions. These were constantly per-
formed, and the noble animal evinced greater
fondness than ever for his attendant, but the
vessel nearly reached England before the lion's'
foot was quite well.
Capt. Parker was afraid to take the lion to
sea again, although all on board, and especi-'
ally Bob Jones, were sorry to part with it,
but the risk was too great, so he sold his sin-
gular passenger to an American captain for
£15. What became of it afterwards we never
knew.
«-*
We have at times a mutual unutterable par-
ticipation of Divine manna, when far absent
in body, and if we are careful to maintain a
holy meetness to be worthy communicants at'
the Lord's table, we shall eat the holy shew-
broad, void of every sort of corrupt leaven. —
S. Fothergill.
THE FRIEND.
NINTH MONTH
1873.
" Are all our religious meetings for AYorship
and Discipline dulj- attended ; is the hour ol)-
served ; and are Friends clear of sleeping and ,
all other unbecoming behavior therein?"
This Querj', which is read in our Monthly
and Quarterly Meetings three times in a year,
is, as our readers we apprehend are welb
aware, as regularly answered with the con-i
fession of many deficiencies, both in respect
to the attendance of a considerable number of
the members, and the care to avoid the un-
becoming behavior of not a few in sleeping,
when assembled for the purpose of divine
worship.
Among a people who profess, as Friends do,
that life is a state of probation, and that the
work of religion, on account of its immediate
relation to a future state, is the proper busi-
ness of every man, and in which no one can
be too deepi}' engaged, such a confession ought
to be humiliating, and the cause for it a sub-'
ject of close self examination as to whether
we arc contributing thereto by our own re-
missness in attendance, or in endeavoring to
persuade or encourage others who absent
themselves to more faithfulness; as also
whether we are concerned to maintain aright
exercise, when assembled with our friends, to
realize the object for which we meet.
If we really believe in an omnipotent, om-'
niscient Creator, who takes cognizance of all'
our thoughts, our words and our actions ; who
THE FRIEND.
47
bas brought us into existence for the purpose
jf his own glory, and our enjoyment of ever-
asting felicity in a world to come ; that Ho
las declared lie will judge all men, and re-
ward them according to the deeds done in the
)ody ; that He has commanded every one to
vork out his soul's salvation with fear and
rembling, and has made gracious provision
n the religion which He has instiui'.ed and
iffered to all, for retlemplion from sin, its guilt
lOd punishment, by the manil'estation ot his
Jon in tiie tiesh, iu his atoning sacridce I'Or
n, and his purchased outpouring of the H0I3'
Ipirit upon all men, how is it possible we
hould neglect so great salvation, and show
lur inditferenee to Him and our eternal in-
erest, by refusing to make public acknow-
jdgmentof our dependence on his providence,
nd to perform the duty of rendering him that
omage and worship in spirit and in truth,
/hich Christ declares He seeks.
However s])ecious our profession may be
nder the ordiuarj- circumstances in which
lie members of our religious Society are
laced, if they seriously reflect, we think they
inst see that their habitual neglect of attcnd-
nce at meetings for Divine worship, is an
vidence of practical unbelief; a mark of being
ither so engrossed with the choking cares
ad riches of time, so immersed in sensual in-
ulgences, or so amused with trifles, as to dis-
igard the duty of gratitude and obedience to
[im from whom they are receiving every
leasing they enjoy; and that in reality they
re living as though they deemed themselves
unworthy of eternal life."
Nor do those who go to meetings, but when
lere, accustom themselves to giving wa^' to
eep, aftord much stronger proof of being
3tter aftected towards their eternal interest.
ecognizing, as they appear to do, the obliga-
on to make public acknowledgment of their
jpendence on and allegiance to their Creator,
ley yet give sorrowful evidence that a specu-
.tive acquaintance with the requirements of
aly are compatible with a customary viola-
on of its dictates, and that convictions of
hat is right may be habitually overpowered
p' a corrupt somnolent nature.
When we reflect that worship is an eno-a^e-
.ent of the soul, which requires the influence
' the gift of Divine Grace — vouchsafed to
rery one who is not reprobate — for its per-
rmance iu spirit and in truth, it requires but
Ltle knowledge of our own hearts, and of the
>rrupting example of the worldlings around
1, to be aware how difficult it is to maintain
\y by day the spirit of devotion, and to keep
ive the sacred fire on the altar of the heart,
.- walking in the Light of Christ; which
uue can preserve our convictions of dut}-
i-iia being dissipated by the pleasures of
use, or overpowered in the collisions of
"ildly iutei-est. We can then, readily un-
rsiand how great a privilege it is to have
e opportunity, two or three times in the
cck, to retire from the cumbering and en-
ossing cares of the world, and in common
ith our fellow pilgrims towards a better
'untry, to draw near in worship to Him who
invisible; to rediscipline, as it were, our in-
Uectual energies, wearied and distracted by
ily secular employments, and renew our
firitual strength, by fervent, devout applica-
' >a to the inexhaustible Fountain of all good,
■ ho has promised that He will replenish those
ho wait on him.
The views of Friends in relation to the
worship of the Almighty are sim])Ie and yet
sublime, rational and yet in accordance with
the spiritualitj- of the gospel and the relations
existing between the soul and its Creator and
Redeemer. They believe that each individual,
whether alone, or in an assembly, must per-
form this solemn act for him or herself; and
that there can be no mediator betwei'n the
soul and its God, but the heavenly man Christ
Jesus. Hence that all rights and ceremonies
therein are intrinsically valueless. The sacri-
fice or oblation whatever it ma}' be, must be
prepared by the ojieration of the Holy Spirit
on the heart, and presented by the High
Priest of our profession, who is " the Minister
of the Sanctuar}' and of the true Tabernacle
which God hath pitched and not man." Though
He hath entered into the holy jilace within
the vail. He is nevertheless present with the
two or three gathered in his Xanie, and hav-
ing once offered up himself -'to bear the sins
of many; unto them that look for him shall
He appear the sccontl time, without sin unto
salvaticm."
Would that all the members of our religious
Society could realize and rightly estitnate this
high and ennobling doctrine of divine wor-
ship! how would many have been restrained
from wandering into the ways of other reli-
gious professors, and many meetings held
under the character of Friends' meetings been
preserved fi'om bringing reproach on our pro-
fession. We take the following from the
epistle of London Yearly Meeting issued in
1840.
" Dear Friends, of all ages and conditions,
we have been again brought to feel the value
of uniting in the worship of God 'in spirit and
in truth.' It was under a sense of their need
of that nourishment to the soul, which they
found *iiot in the forms and observances to
which they had been habituated, that our early
Friends were first led to separate from others,
and to present themselves in small companies
before the Lord. As the eye and the cry of
the soul were unto Him, He did refresh and
strengthen them together, and give them to
feel the sufficiency of his power to qualify
them to perform united and acceptable worship
in spirit, unto Him, the living and true God.
Truth and uprightness as inculcated both in
the law and the gospel, were deeplj- rooted in
their hearts, and hence, as honest towards God,
they could not, with a good conscience, them-
selves uphold or countenance in others the
forms of prayer and thanksgiving to which
they had been accustomed. WhUst deeply
sensible of the duty and the privilege of true
prayer, they found that stated forms were not
adapted to their condition; they felt that the
use of them was not in the life and power of
the gospel, and therefore that it did not accord
with that worship which is to be jjerformed
in truth.
Our sense of the spiritual character of the
reign of Christ, and of the inade(iuacy of these
forms to satisfy the soul, remains the same;
and we continue to feel ourselves conscien-
tiously restrained from uniting in any of those
modes of worship which others think it right
to adopt. Whilst we desire to cherish, and to
inculcate trueChristian charity towards those
from whom we ditter, we would affectionately
encourage all our members to confine theni-
ves, iu the public performance of this solemn
duty, to a diligent attendance of our own meet-
ings for woi-ship. Under the renewed con-
viction of the soundness and importance of|
we are
bo kept
this testimony to s]iiritual w(jrshi|i,
quickened in desire that Friends may
alive to a right exercise of mind in our public
assemblies. In the experience of past and
jn-csent times it has been felt, and we believe,
by the waiting soul it will continue to be felt
in our meetings for Divine worship, whether
in the times of silence, or under the exercise
of ministry, or the vocal ottering of praj-er,
thanksgiving, and praise, that the words of
the ajjostle are ai)|ilicable ; we are of those
who ' worship God in the Spirit, and rejoice in
( 'hrist Jesus, and have no confidence" in the
tiesh.' Ho grants to his fiiithful followers at
times to feel the force of his own blessed
words: 'He that comcth to me shall never
hunger; and he that believcth on me shall
never thirst.' "
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
Foreign. — The session of the Spanisli Cortes lias
been siispeinled until the lind of ne.xl First month, and
in aecurciance with the authority recently granted, the
government has issiiud a proulaniation suspending the
eonstitutiorial guarantees. It was believed in Madrid
on the '-1st inst., that the end of the insurrection in
Cartagena is approaching. Dissensions have broken
out among the insurgents. The government h;i.s oflered
terms which the leaders are willing to accept, but fear
their followers. The Kepublican troops have entered
.Malaga, meeting with no opposition from the insur-
gents. The recent operations of the Carlists have been
comparatively unimportant. Desertions from their
ranks is said to be increasing and demoralization
spreading. It is thought in Madrid that the Carlist
cause is ijuite precarious. The IJritish lleet in Spanish
waters is collected in the harbor of Alicante, which city
is threatened by the insurgent iron- dads.
The King of Italy has gone to Vienna on a visit to
the Emperor of Austria. Many ultramontanes belong-
ing to tlie Imperial Court and leading members of so-
ciety, left Vienna to avoid meeting Victor Emmanuel.
One of the Vienna newspapers has been suspended, and
its bureau seized by the police, because it jmblished an
attack on the King of Italy while he \sas the guest of
the Emperor. On the -2d the King of Italy proceeded
to Berlin, where he was received with cordiality.
It is ollicially reported that there have been 2755
cases of cholera in Vienna since the outbreak of the
disease, and of this number 1110 were fatal. Thedisease
is raging with great violence in Hungary.
A violent storm on the Black Sea, last week, proved
very destructive to slupping. .Seventy vessels were
wrecked near the mouth of the ISosphorus, and nearly
all on board perished. At one point on the coast two
hundred and si.xty-live bodies have been washed ashore.
The evacuation of French territory by the German
army of occupation was not finally completed until the
Itith inst.
A petition mmierously signed by metubers of Pro-
testant churches in France, has been sent to the Pro-
testant Deputies in the Assembly, urging thein to use
all their intluence and to vote against a monarchy. The
fusion between the two branches of the Bourbons ap-
pears to be complete, and all will unite in the etibrt to
[ilace the Count de Chambord, the representative of the
elder branch, upon the throne of France.
A Paris dispatcli of the 17th says : " Starnes, the Eng-
lish traveller, has arrived here from Central Africa.
He reiiorts that he met Dr. Livingstone last .lune, and
parted with him on the 1st of July, at which time
Livingstone was in good health."
There were I'Jl deaths of cholera in Paris from the
9th to the Hth inst.
Paris has 115,000 paupers, a much larger number in
proportion to its population than London.
Elections to till vacant seats in the French Assembly
have been ordered for the 12th of next month.
A declaration is expected shortly from the Count de
Chambord, acknowledging the right of the people to
share in the government of the nation, and consenting
to the settlement of the future constitution of France
by national representatives.
Frederick William, Elector of Hesse Cassel, has
formally resigned, and consented to the annexation of
his territory to Prussia, and has renounced his right of
property in the revenues of the Electorate; in compen-
sation for which the government of Prussia has granted
him an annuity of 2,000,000 thaler.s.
A dispatch from. Calcutta announces the loes at sei
48
THE FRIEND.
of the ship Indus, coolie laden, and fuur hundred and
eighteen coolies perished.
A dispatch from Teheran says the trouble between
the Shah and the late Grand Vizier grows out of local
matters entirely, and does not, as repcjrted, relate to the
Keuter Commission. It is believed that the Vizier will
soon be reinstated.
The Brazilian cable which was broken and lost east
of Madeira, has been recovered and the shore end taken
to Madeira.
The -weather throughout England has been wet and
unfavorable for the crops. The Mark Lane Express
says the potato disease is spreading rapidly, and esti-
mates that England must import 12,000,000 quarters of
wheat this year.
The Great Eastern has arrived at Portland having
failed to recover the cable of 1865. No further reduc-
tion of tolls is probable at present.
One hundred tons of American bar iron were sold at
Liverpool on the 16th inst., at £11 10s. per ton, thus
underselling English iron. Cains, the iron merchant,
of Liverpool, in a letter to the press, admits that iron
may be profitably purchased in New York for ship-
ment to England, and says he is convinced American
trade is lost to England.
The Spanish steamer Murillo, which ran down the
emigrant ship Northileet, having arrived at Dover, has
been detained there by orders from the Admiralty.
It appears to be certain that the population of the
empire of India, says the Pall Mall Gazette, is from
one-fourth to one-third greater than it was supposed to
be, or, in round numbers, it amounts to 240,000,0(_)0
souls. The census of Bengal, for which alone tlie de-
tails are yet before us, presents several very startling
results. Before the census was taken the population of
this region was estimated at about 4-2,000,000. It turns
out to be 66,So6,8o9, or more than half as much again
as the received estimates. There has been another reve-
lation made by the census as astonishing as the hitherto
unsuspected populousnessof the province. The Moham-
medans number very nearly a third of the whole popu-
lation.
London, 9th mo. 22d.— Consols 92\. U. S. 5 per
cents 911.
Liverpool. — Uplands cotton, dd. ; Orleans, 9ld.
Breadstuffs quiet.
United States. — A severe financial panic com-
menced in New York and Pliiladelphia, and extended
from thence to other cities, on the IStli inst. It appears
to have had its origin in the suspension of the eminent
banking house of .Jay Cuoke i Co., with branches in
New York and Washington, and was quickly followed
by that of E. Clark & Co., Philada., Fisk & Hatch, E.
D. Randolph & Co., and numerous other bankers and
brokers in New York, and a considerable number in
Philadelphia. Most of these houses are understood to
hold assets much in excess of their liabilities, and will,
it is expected, ultimately pay their debts in full. In
consequence of the sudden shock given to credit by
these failures, a run set in upon various banks and trust
companies which held large sums on deposit. Most of
these institutions met all demands promptly, but others
were compelled to close their doors; this was the case
with the Union Bank, Philada., and the Union Trust
Company, the National Trust Company, the Bank of
the Commonwealth and the Bank of North America,
New York.
The market for stocks, &c., became unsettled, and
railroad shares in .some cases sunk greatly in value. At
the end of four days the excitement had in measure
subsided, and prices were generally higher. The U. S.
Secretary of the Treasury, with the approval of the
President, has directed the purchase of U. S. bonds to
an unlimited amount, with a view of throwing more
currency into circulation.
The failure of .Jay Cooke & Co. came from large ad-
vances on North Pacific Railroad bonds and other
securities not immediately marketable.
On the evening of the 22d it was believed that the
crisis was past, and confidence returning. Throughout
the j>anic there was no call upon the National Treasury
for assistance except from New York, a light one from
Philadelphia, and still less from Washington. The
general business of the country is said to be prosperous.
The interments in Philadelphia last week numbered
283, including 110 children under two years of age.
There were IS deaths of cholera infantum, 41 consump-
tion, 25 marasmus, and 10 old age.
In New York there were 598 deaths last week.
Commissioner Brunot has contracted with the Ute
Indians for a cession of all the mountain portion of
their reservation that is not fit for agricultural pur-
po.ses to the United States.
Information has been received of the rescue of the
crew of the Polaris. The party wintered in Life-boat
Cove, where they built a timber house, which they
covered with sails. In the spring two boats were built
of thin pine boards taken from the cabin of the Polaris.
On these the whole party of fourteen embarked as soon
as the ice opened, and sailed southward ; and on the
22d of Sixth month they were picked up by the whaler
Kavonscraig, off the coast of Greenland. From this
vessel they were transferred to another which conveyed
them to Dundee, Scotland ; all were well notwithstand-
ing their great hardships and privations. The entire
party left Dundee on the 22d, in company with tlie U.
States Vice Consul, for Liverpool, to take the steamer
for New York.
The Markets, &c. — The following were the quotations
on the 22d inst. New York. — No public sales of gold
were made, it is rated at about lllj. No reliable quo-
tations can be given for government securities, which
are temporarily depressed in value. Superfine flour,
$5.50 a S6 ; State extra, S6.7o a $7.10 ; finer brands, S-7.o0
a $10.75. Amber western wheat, $1.66; red western,
$1.62; No. 2 Milwaukie spring wheat, $1.48. Oats, 49
a 54 cts. State rye, 92 cts. Western mixed corn, 63 a
64 cts. ; yellow, 67 cts. Philadelphia. — Superfine flour,
$4 a $4.50 ; extras, $4.50 a$5.50 ; finer brands, $6 a $10.
White wheat, $1.70 a $1.85; amber, $1.65 a $1.70;
red, $1.55 a$l. 60. Yellow corn, 66 cts. The market for
beef cattle was dull. Sales of about 3000 head at 7 a
7] cts. per lb. gross for choice and extra, fair to good.
Or a 6i cts., and common, 4 a 4;i cts. Sheep sold at 4i
a'6 cts. per lb. gross, and hogs at $7.25 per 100 lb. net.
WE,STTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
A Stated Meeting of the Committee having charge of
the Boarding School at AVesttown, will be held in
Philadelphia on Sixth-day, Tenth month od, at 1 P. M.
The Committees on Instruction and Admission will
meet at 10 A. jr., of the same day.
The Visiting Committee, appointed to attend the
Examination at the School, meet there on Second-day
evening, 9th mo. 29th. For the accommodation of this
Committee, conveyances will be at the Street Road
Station on the 29th inst., to meet the trains that leave
Philadelphia at 2.30 and 4.45 P. M.
Samuel Morkis,
Philada., 9th mo. 23d, 1S73. Vlerk.
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
The Winter Session will open on the 3rd of
Eleventh month. Friends intending to send pupils to
the Institution are requested to make early application
to Charles J. Allen, Street Road P. O., Chester Co.,
Pa. Applications may also be left with Jacob Smedley,
304 Arch St., Philadelphia.
AVANTED
A teacher in the classical department on the boys
side at Westtowu School.
Application may be m.ade to
Thomas Conard, West Grove, Chester Co.
Joseph Walton, Philadelphia.
William Evans, "
Charles Evans, "
RECEIPTS.
Received from Daniel Packer, N. J., $2, vol. 47
from Gideon C. Smith, R. I., $2, to No. 28, vol. 4s
from Stephen Hobsun, Agent, O., for Thomas Hobson
Achsah Mott, and John Naylor $2 each, vol. 47 ; froa i
Thomas Twining, N. Y., $2, vol. 47; from Nathai
AVarrington, Agent, lo., $2, vol. 47, and for John A ail I
Evan Smith, John Hoge, Michael King, Elwoo,
Spencer, Jonathan Briggs, George Briggs, AVilliai,
Briggs, Jr., Thomas Penro.se and Asenath Edgertun
$2 each, vol. 47, and for John Q. Spencer, S2, to No. IT
vol.48; from Elijah Kester, Md., $2, vol. 47; fruu
George B. Allen, Pa., S2, vol. 47 ; trom William A
Robinson, R. I., $2, vol. 47 ; from Ann Bacon, N. J. j
per Horatio C. AVood, $2, vol. 47 ; from Benjamii j
Bowerman, Mich., $2, vol. 47 ; from Israel Cope, Jr.
O., $2, vol. 47; from Sophie L. Keenan, Pa., $2, vol
47 ; from Sarah Ann Allen, N. J., $2, to No. 4, vol. 48 j
from Su.san J. Yerkes, City, *2, vol. 47 ; from Abne {
Eldridge, Agent, lo., $2, vol. 47, and for Alexander L i
McGrew, Simon O. MeGrew, and Nancy L. Thompson
$2 each, vol. 47 ; from James Woody, Agent, Ind., $2
vol. 47, and for Robert Cox, $2, vol. 47; from Lettic
Thompson and Beulah Eiubree, Pa., per Richard I
Bailey, $2 each, vol. 47 ; from Charles Stokes, Ageni,
N. J.; $2, vol. 47, and for Samuel S. Haines, Mary E
Ely and Levi Troth, $2 each, vol. 47 ; from Treumai
Cooper, Pa., $2, vol. 47; from Thomas M. Harvey, Pa
$2, vol. 47, and for Martha II. Linton, $2, vol. 47; froB
Marv ]•:. Pirn, George B. Mellor, Sarah C. Passmor
and 'Delia A. Wallace, Pa., per Joseph Scattergood, Jr
Agent, $2 each, vol. 47 ; from John E. Sheppard, N. J
$2, vol. 47 ; from Francis Taber, A't., per Nicholas B
Guindon, $2, vol. 47 ; from George W. Cooper, Jr., Pa
$2, vol. 47 ; from Jesse Haines, Pa., S2, vol. 47 ; frot
Enos P. Eldridge, Pa., per Isaac Hall, $2, vol. 47
from William H. Burr, City, $2, vol. 47 ; from Larki
Pennell, City, $2, vol.47 ; from Joseph E. Troth, N.J
S2, vol. 47 ; from Esther S. Pricket, N. J., $2, vol. 47
from Sarah Ann Leeds, N. J., $2, vol. 47 ; from Rebecc
Hibberd, Pa., S2, vol. 47 ; from Rachel E. AVoodwan
Pa., S2, vol. 47 ; from AValker Moore, N. J., $2, vol. 4!.
from Ellis Winner, O., $2, vol. 47 ; from Samuel I
Smith, Pii., $2, vol. 47 ; from AVilliam Carpenter, Agen
N. J., $2, vol. 47, and for Joseph T. AVarren, Williai
C. Sheppard, and Samuel P. Carpenter, $2 each, vo
47 ; from Mary D. Maris, Del., $2, vol. 47 ; for Michaf
Wilson, Mich., $2, vol. 47 ; from Deborah C. Hattoi
Pa., ff2, vol. 47 ; from Richard Hall, Agent, Englam
10 shillings, vol. 47, and lor Hannah Grubb, Jonatha
Pearson, John E. Brockbank, John Sadler, John E
AValker, Thomas Williamson, William Walker, RobeJ
Bigland, Elizabeth AVilliams, AVilliam .\dair, Georg
M. Goundry, Nancv Ritson, Richard B. Brockbanl
Alice A Itham, Martin Lidbetter, Joseph Hall, Josia
Hall, AVilliam AVigham, John Little, Josiah Thompsoi
and Rachel Jackson, 10 shillings each, vol. 47, and ft
.Sarah S. AIoss and Thomas Jackson, 10 shillings eacl
to No. 31, vol. 48.
Remittances received after Fourth-day morning will n
appear in the Receipts until the followimj week.
EVENING SCHOOLS FOR ADULT COLORED
PERSONS.
Teachers are wanted for these schools, to be opened
about the first of Tenth month.
Application may be made to
l<:itoii B. Giflbrd, 28 North Third St.
Ephraim Smith, 1110 Pine St.
James Bromlev, 641 Franklin St.
Richard J. Allen, 472 North Third St.
FRIENDS' BOARDING SCHOOL FOR INDIAN
CHILDREN, TUNESASSA, NEW YORK.
A teacher of the school will be wanted at the com-
mencement of tlie Fall term.
Application may be made to
Fjbenezer Worth, Marshallton, Chester Co., Pa.
Jo.seph Scattergood, 413 .Spruce St., Philada.
Aaron Sharpless, Street Road P. O., Chester
Co., Pa.
Thomas AVistar, Fox Chase P. O., Philada.
at
AVANTEl)
A suitable woman Friend to act as Governess
AVesttowii Boarding School. Apply to
Rebecca S. Allen, Philadelphia.
Sarah A. Richie, "
Susan E. Comfort, Knox St., Germantowu.
Lydia L. Walton, Moorestown, N. J.
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE.
Near Frankford, (Twenli/-thlrd Ward,} Philadelphia.
Physician and Superintendent — Joshua H. AVorti
IKGTON, M. D.
Applications for the Admission of Patients may 1.
m.ade to the Superintendent, or to any of the Board
Managers.
Died, at her residence, near Medford, Burlington Co
N. J., on 4th day the 6th of 8th month last, ElizabeI
B., widow of Joshua Stokes, in the 59tli year of her ag
, at her residence in Medford, N. J., on 6th di
the 8th of 8th month last, Pkiscilla AV., widow
John N. Reeve, in the 74tli year of her age.
, at her son's residence, near Medford, N. J., t
4th day the 13th of 8th month last, Elizabeth (,
widow of Benjamin II. Wills, in the 69th year of h
age.
, at the residence of David Evans, near Marltoi
N. J., on 5th day, 9th mo. 4th, Elizabeth Evek
Senior, in the 92d year of her age.
The above mentioned tour Friends were all belovf
members of Upper Evesham Monthly Meeting i
Friends.
, 8lh month 2Sth, 1873, in Robeson Townshi
Berks Co., Kfiiraim Morhis, aged 81 years and^
months, a member of Robeson Particular Meeting.
WILLIAM H. PILE, PRINTER.
No. 422 Walnut Street.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. XLVII.
SEVENTH-DAY, TENTH MONTH 4, 1873.
NO. 7.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
'rice Two Dollars per annum, if paid in advance. Two
dollars and fifty cents, if not paid in advance.
Sqbscrlptloos and PaymentB re'^eiTed by
JOHN S. STOKES,
iT NO. 116 XORTH FonRTU STREET, DP STAIRS,
PHILADELPHIA.
'ostaife, when paid quarterly in advance, five cents.
Bank .\ole Engraving.
Few modern arts have made such steady
irid rapid progress as that of bank note en-
graving, whose masters have been constantly
mpelled to new devices lij^ the fresh expe-
lients of coiintcrfi-iters and their application
)f new discoveries in science. Both iitho-
p-aphy and photograpliy at one time threat-
med to leave legitimate currency no pri>tec-
ion save the law, but the danger from these
ources has been in a measure averted by
j.'urther triumphs in this branch of engraving.
' For obvious reasons, this art has reached
ts highest development in the United States,
nd is almost distinctively American. Paper
iionej'- has formed a large part of our ciir-
cney since the formation of the Union, the
aiious issues, under the local systems of
. lanking, being so numerous that it became
) mpossible for men in ditt'erent parts of the
I ountr}- to be familiar with the notes of every
I )aDk. To prevent the circulation of countcr-
' cits under such circumstances was possible
■ul}- by bringing the art of bank-note engrav-
ng to such a degree of perfection as to defy
,11 attempts at imitation.
'; The increase in paper currency created by
he war still further tended to produce this
esult, which is apparent upon comparing the
American work with that produced in any
-ountry in Europe.
Although the process of bank note engrav-
ng has been frequently described, but few
levsons whom some special taste or business
i;is not led to its study are familiar with the
haractcr of the work carried on by the
inierican Bank Note Company, at the corner
f Liberty street and Broadway. Its details
re so numerous that a minute and elaborate
escription would be fitted only for a maga-
ine or a book ; but an outline of its principal
matures will afford information to the general
eader.
The American Bank Note Company, which
.'as formed in 18.3^ by the consolidation of all
he private companies then scattered through
he United States, employs in its various de-
artments as many as five hundred persons,
f whom a large number are women. Its
timerous workrooms are fire-proof, and were
-■ specially designed for the use to which they
re devoted.
Tho-designs for the vignettes of bank notes,
bonflSj .stock certificates, &c., are made by ar-
tisjjfof the highest standing, and then etched
oh steel plates bj- the best engravers in vari-
ous parts of the country. On the reception
of the plates by the company they are taken
to the transferring room, where the most im-
portant feature of bank note engraving may
be witnessed. This distinctive characteristic
is the power to endlesslj' repeat the costly
designs, re]ii'oducing in a short time what
was originally prepared b}' months of artistic
labor.
The engraved steel plate is first " case-har-
dened," or exposed to intense heat and then
suddenly cooled, which gives it an adaman-
tine surface. It is then placed in the trans-
ferring machine, which is a combination of
levers by which enormous pressure can be
exerted. Above the plate is placed a cylinder
of soft steel, and this is rolled upon it, under
pressure, until the design etched upon the
iiard steel is completely transferred to the
soft, on which it appears in relief. This opera-
tion consumes but a brief period. The cylin-
der, or die, is then case-hardened like the
original plate, and is riiady t) continuously
reprotluce the design upon soft plates by a
process just the reverse of that deseribed.
Formerly it was thought impossible to trans-
fer more than a small part of a design at once,
and the work was ])erformed by slow degrees.
Now a whole bank note is pressed through
the process as easily as a single vignette a few
years ago.
The more variety there is in the engraving
of a note, the more difficult it is to counter-
feit, and the more certain is a spurious ncite
to be detected bj' the practised eye, which dis-
covers anything at variance with the general
appearance of tlie genuine, even if the ex[)ert
is unable to point out the precise nature of the
deficiency. For this reason tine lathe work,
which it is almost impossible to successfully
counterfeit, is employed for what are techni-
cally known as the '-counters," or those parts
of the note on which the figures are placed.
This work is executed by a geometric lathe,
constructed with marvellous ingenuity and at
great cost. The combinations of which it is
susceptible are absolutely innumerable, and
are distinguished by cutting the steel with
line over line in geometrical harmony. Before
beginning a new design in this manner it is
difficult to foretell its precise appearance, but
after it has been executed once, it can at any
time be reproduced if a record is kept of each
movement of the machine.
The dies are, of course, constantly accumu-
lating, and already the room where those not
in use are kept contains about §50,000 worth
of steel alone, without taking into account
the value of the work to which it has been
subjected.
From the transferring room the ]ilate3 are
taken to the printing rooms, where large num-
bers of men and women are constantly at
work. The paper used to receive the impres-
sions is of several different kinds, but all are
made in scmie way of linon. Usually a mix-
ture of old and new linen is used, the former
giving softness and the latter tenacit}- of tex-
ture. The paper on which the United States
currency is printed contains a great number
of coarse fibres, occu])3'ing a sijecific part of
the bill, and is made umler a patent controlled
by the governnient. It is said to be more
difficult to counterfeit than many other kinds ;
but its advantage chiefly consists in the fact
that no private person can have it in his pos-
session without rendering himself liable to
prosecution. The Bank Note Company is re-
sponsible for eveiy sheet of this received by
it; and, if a fragment of paper used for SlOO
notes, equal in size to one of the notes, should
be lost, would be obli{;ed to pa}' SlOO to the
government. So perfect, however, is the sys-
tem of checks and balances in the establish-
ment, that, although the company has printed
about 10 J, 000, 000 sheets, from the ten cent
|)aper upwaril, it has never been obliged to
refund more than 820 in all.
The steel plates, usuall}' bearing four fac-
siiniles of one design, each the size of a bank-
note, are laid upon the press and the ink ap-
piie(l. The ink is then wiped with a cloth
from everything except the engraved linos
which it has filled, and the surface of the plate
is ]jolished with whiting. A sheet of paper
having been laid over it, the pressure is ap-
plied and the design printed.
Where inks of several colors are used, a
separate impression must of course bo made
for each color. Much improvement has been
made of late in the processof coml)ining colors,
and printing one over another, in a manner
which at the same time produces an agreeable
effect on the e3'e and increases the difficulty
experienced by the counterfeiter.
In printing revenue stamps and tinting the
spaces for the writing in checks, drafts, &c.,
soluble inks are often used, rendering it very
difficult to use the stamps after cancellation,
or to "raise" the checks by the use of acids.
Ingeniously-made machines are used for
numbering the notes and stamps, one woman
being able to perform the work on a great
number within a few minutes.
From the printing department the sheets
are taken to the drying rooms, whence, after
a sufficient time, they are removed to another
room, and subjected to hydraulic pressure be-
tween pasteboards. Having been pressed per-
fectly smooth, they are then ready to be sent
from the building.
In a room on a lower floor all additions
necessary to be made after the transferring
process, such as special names of banks or
companies, are executed with graving tools
by skilled workmen.
Near this is the paper room, where the
paper used by each workman is received by
him and charged to him jiersonally. The
records kept here and in the drying room
50
THE FRIEND.
must exactly tally. Every time that the paper
passes from one department to another it is
carefully counted, so that the company can
fasten on some person the responsibility for
everj' missing sheet.
Of the United States currency the greater
part, for the sake of safety, is printed in three
establishments, the same notes going through
a part of the process here and a part in the
National Companj', while the final work is
jjerformod in the government office at Wash-
ington.
A large part of the work of the American
Company is done for foreign countries, in-
cluding British provinces, the West India
Islands, the empire of Brazil, all the South
American republics and the government banks
in Russia, Greece and Italy, together with
private institutions in England, Switzerland
and other jsarts of Europe. — N. E. Post.
For "The Friend."
Our Watch, and Our Warfare.
" Take ye heed, watch and pray : for ye know nut
when the time is." — Mark xiii. 33.
" Watch ye therefore, and pray always, that ye may
be accounted worthy to escape all these things tliat shall
come to pass, and to stand before the Son of man." —
Luke xxi. 36.
" But the end of all things is at hand : be ye there-
fore sober, and watch unto prayer." — 1 Peter iv. 7.
" Watch ye, and pray, lest ye enter iiito temptation.
The spirit truly is ready, but the flesh is weak." —
Mark xiv. 38.
"Watch ye, stand fast in the faith, (|uit you like men,
be strong." — 1 Cor. xvi. 33.
"Put on the whole armor of God, that ye may be
able to stand against the wiles of the devil.
" having your loins girt about with truth, and
having on the breastplate of righteousness ;
" And your feet shod with the preparation of the
gospel of peace ;
" Above all, taking the shield of faith, wherewitli ye shall
be cihlc to quench all the fiery darts of the wicked.
" And take the hehnet of salvation, and the sword of
the Spirit, which is tlie word of God :
" Prayiny always with all prayer and supplication in
the Spirit, and watching thereunto with all persever-
ance."— Eph. vi. 11, 14-18.
" Continue in prayer, and watch in the same with
thanksgiving." — Col. iv. 2.
Watch, and pray. The two go together.
Watch, because the enemy assaults with vari-
ous temptations, and you may be taken un-
awares ; and Avhen you see danger — when
pride, or vanity, or selfishness, or sloth, or
discontent, are gaining entrance, then pray.
Many overlook this part, and try to fight their
corruptions in their own strength. But we
cannot conquer thus. We must first turn to
the Stronghold — toll our ever-present Saviour
that we are tempted and weak, place ourselves
in His care and keeping, and ask Him to over-
come for us; either to take away the temp-
tation, or to give us His strength to stand
against it. Putting on the whole armor of
God is another form of expression for putting
on Divine strength through faith. But first
we are to have our loins girt about with truth :
our eye must bo single unto our Lord ; with
no reservation in favor of some pet corruption
— no leaning upon our own strength. If we
are His, then wo may have for a helmet a
strong hope of His salvation from whatever
assails us. By faith in Christ, and wielding
no carnal weapon of human reasoning or
effort, but the sword of the Spirit — obeying
the word or message of God to us individu-
ally, we shall be able to quench all the fierj'
darts of the wicked. But we cannot thus
fight and conquer, unless Christ is our Cap-
tain ; unless we have ceased to be the servants
of sin, and become the servants of God.
For, "to whom ye yield yourselves servants
to obey, his servants ye are to whom ye obey ;
whether of sin unto death, or of obedience
unto righteousness." — Romans vi. 16. And
" the wages of sin is death ; but the gift of God
is eternal life, through Jesus Christ our Lord."
All, His gift ; the salvation from condemna-
tion and from corruption — the armor, the
victoiy. All ours, if we give ourselves up to
Him, to be His soldiers and servants — to let
Him work in us, and for us, and through us,
according to His good pleasure.
How dishonoring then must it be to the in-
vincible King, to allow some enemies to lurk
in the camp, under the idea that they have
alwa3'8 been there, and cannot be cast out !
And how many Christians do indulge tearful-
ness, or doubt, or gloom, or passion, or sensi-
tiveness (which is generally a form of pride),
or heedlessness, or discourtesy, or anxiety;
saying in themselves, " This is my infirmity
— it is constitutional, I cannot help it!"
Ah, my friend, hast thou kept on the watch
for this, thy besetting sin ? and hast thou gone
forth against it in the whole armor of God,
that thou may be able to stand against this
wile of the devil ?
And hast thou ever thought that to thee it
may be given, like Paul, to glory in thy in-
firmities, that the power of Christ may rest
upon thee? For if thou hast been a gloomy
man, and through grace becomes a cheerful
one — or anxious, and becomes of a quiet, trust-
ing spirit — or passionate, and becomes gentle
— or a touchy man, and becomes charitable
and humble — or a blunt man, and becomes
courteous, thou hast much more opportunity
to show forth the praises of Him who hath
called thee out of darkness into His marvel-
lous light, than if no such manifest change had
been needed ; and others seeing, may be led
to seek for themselves the same deliverance.
That was a wonderful utterance of tho
apostle James: "My brethren, count it all
joy when ye fall into divers temptations."
There must be a very strong faith in the ulti-
mate victory of the Power that worketh in
us, for us to count it all joy to find ourselves
in the midst of divers new enemies. Let us
try to realize it. M.
When it catches a fish it siezes it by the mid-
dle of the body, so that the head and tail pro-i
ject on each side of its mouth, holds it therei
for a second, as if pressing its teeth into it to'
partially divide it into pieces and make it
flexible, and then swallows it at a gulp, ap-j
parently without anj- effort to turn it length-i
wise, and bolt it head foremost.
" The pretty creature has a nice, good-,
natured face, in which I fancy I can often,
read an expression of pleasure and animation.,
and is as full of fun and frolic as a Newfound-
land pup, galloping along something like a
dog after a stick thrown by its master, and
tossing up its tail with a romping kick, as a
skittish colt throws up its heels in play. It
will be as docile as a seal ; for the porpoise ie
a very intelligent animal. It has a large
brain and acute sensibility."
For "The Fiiend."
Believing the following account of the first
porpoise in the Brighton Aquarium will in-
terest many of the readers of " The Friend,"
who have seen it rolling, tumbling, swim-
ming, &c., in the mid-ocean, but not seen it on
land, I copy it for insertion.
" A pair of porpoises are among the attrac-
tions of tho Brighton Aquarium. — Leo thus
described the first, before it had a companion :
" The porpoise at its arrival was 4 ft. 6 in.
long. The tank in which it is placed is above
102 feet in length. I regret to say it was
necessary to place an attendant on guard be-
fore the tank, to prevent jieople amusing
themselves by frightening the poor thing by
shaking parasols and sticks at it, as it passed
them. It ate CO live poutings and smelts the
first day, but as it will now take dead fish,
there will be less difficulty in providing tbod
for it. Of this it has given to it 4 pounds a
day, at four meals, as a first experiment of its
necessities. If this is insufficient, it can help
itself from a shoal of smelts and other small
fish wliich have been put in the tank with it.
Extract from the Life of Thomas Shillitoe. —
In the year 1790, he believed it was required
of him to leave his family, and outward con-
cerns, to travel in the work of the ministry.
As the visit, if entered upon, would requirei
him to be absent from home a considerable
length of time, and he had no one to leave in
charge of his business, he was much tried, andl
at first disposed to put it aside. He says :
"I found the enemy began to be very busy
endeavoring to take advantage of me, and sap
the foundation of my confidence in the never
failing arm of Divine power. I was one day
tempted to come to the conclusion, that let
the consequences be what they might, I must|
give up all prospects of ever moving in this|
engagement; but He who knew the sincerity
of my heart, did not leave me in this season
of extremity, to become a prey to the adver-
sary of souls, but in his unmerited mercy had
compassion on me. One day when 1 was
standing cutting out work for my men (shoe-
making) my mind being under the weight of
concern, these discouragements again pre- .
sented themselves, if possible, with double |
force ; but in adorable mercy, I was so brought ,
under the influence of divine help, as I had
not often, if ever before known. And as I
became willing to yield to it, the power of the
mighty God of Jacob was mercifully manifest,
subduing the influence and power of the ad-
versary; holding out for my acceptance this
encouraging promise, which was addressed to
my inward hearing, in a language as intelli-
gible as ever I heard words spoken to my
natural ear: 'I will be more than bolts and
bars to thy outward habitation, more than ai
master to thy servants, for I can restrain their
wandering minds. More than a husband to'
thy wife, and a parent to thy infant children.'!
At this the knife I was using fell out of ray'
hands; and I no longer dared to hesitate,
after such a confirmation." In a short time
after this, he informed his friends of his re-
ligious concern to visit the families of the
members of his own religious Society in Nor-
wich, which he accomplished to the satisfac- 1
tion of those visited, as well as himself. Upon
returning to his residence he found his out-
ward concerns in as good order as if he had
taken the managemout of them the whole
time. He remarks: " After such demonslra
tions of the superintending care of tho Most
High, what must be the sad consequences o)
uni'aithfulnoss to Divine re(juirings, should il
in a future day mark my footsteps."
' Speak fitly, or be silent wisely."
THE FRIEND.
51
For " The Frii-nd "
John Heald.
(CoDtinned from pagp 42.)
12th mo. 17th, 1S16. "We parted with onr
ind friends of Virginia, and about 2 o'clock
rossed the line into North Carolina to Peggy
Vindslow's, a widow. I was wear_v, and was
indly entertained. In the morning went
ine miles to "Wells Meeting, it was their moet-
3g in coarse. Here we met with two men,
wo women and a girl. I felt weak and tried,
nt in this retired situation. I felt encourage-
lent in the renewal of some expressions of
urLord : ' Many prophets and righteous men
ave desired to see the things that ye see, and
ave not seen them.' Some of these have in
isionsseen glorious things, for Isaiah speaking
f things to come as if they then were, says :
Unto us a son is born, unto us a child is given,
nd the government shall be on his shoulders.
[e shall be called. Wonderful, Counsellor, the
lightyGod, the everlasting Father, the Prince
f Peace, and of the increase of His govern-
lent and peace there shall be no end.' An-
;her was grieved because the gold had be-
ime dim, and the most fine gold changed :
le precious sons of Zion comjiarable to fine
old, how are they esteemed as earthen
itchers! Thus a ditference is described be-
veen the faithful and the unfaithful.
We rode this evening to Benjamin Albert-
in's, at Sutton's Creek. The next da}- we
^tended their meeting, I addressed it with
)rae of Paul's expressions : 'Let supplication,
itercession and prayer be made for all men :
r kings and for all in authority, that we may
ad quiet and peaceable lives, for this is good
id acceptable in the sight of God our Saviour,
hi) will have all men to be saved and come
I the knowledge of the truth ;' pressing the
'cessity of prayer not only for ourselves, but
so one for another. Are there not too many
ho are neglecting to perform this duty ? and
this be neglected can such be concerned as
ey ought to be to pray for themselves.
hose who are duly concerned for themselves
ill also be concerned for others, this will fol-
\v as naturally as one time does another.
any words were dropped to encourage to
ithfulness, and to avoid a state of ease,
hieh would hinder the enjoyment of much
' mfort.
20th. We attended the meeting at Little
vi'r, held by appointment. A considerable
inilierof Friends and others attended. In
: 'Iressing them, I began with: 'But Mary
ith chosen that better part, that shall not
I taken from her.' I proceeded but slowlj-,
iid could not get forward with readiness, and
I I went on as I could, endeavoring to en-
U-ro an attention to obtain that good part
■hieh we are all desiring to have. When we
le about to part with earthly enjoj-ments,
len we shall want to obtain a possession in
lat inheritance that is undefiled and that
ileth not away. Seeing we desire such an
iheritance, should we not attend very care-
JUy to that which we see will be most to our
J vantage? Thus I labored, and many of
lem were tendered, and it was a good meet-
i j;, and I hope tended to profit. I felt much
l.'c for the people, and earnestly desired their
■< ilfare."
After visiting at several other places, J. H.
itas speaks of a meeting at Sutton's Creek.
.'My mind was soon introduced to a trjing
<ercise [respecting] a state near to be for-
t sen by the Saviour of men, and though near
I believed there was j-et hope, at least that
such might return, repent and live. I stated
the example of the vineyard : ' What could I
have done more for m}- vineyard, that I have
not done in it.' I instanced Manoah's fear of
(h-ing, because they had seen an angel of the
Lord, but his wife encouraged him to ho])e.
saying, ' if the Lord were minded to kill us he
would not have received an offering at our
hands.' I then mentioned the case of the
prodigal, who had gone into a far countr}- and
wasted his substance, and when that was gone
he joined himself to a citizen of that place,
who sent him into the fields to feed swine,
and he fain would have filled himself with the
husks the swine did eat, and no man gave
unto him, &c.
At Buck Spring Meeting, I supposed no way
would open for labor, but at length a little
[)resented and that simple. As I proceeded
other matter opened, and I went on and was
furnished with an easj- flow of expression. In
the last two meetings truth rose into dominion,
the sincere were encouraged, and the negli-
gent were warned and affectionately aroused.
May I be preserved in humility, and return as
Mordecai did to wait at the king's gate.
28th. Attended a meeting near Mary Law-
rence's. I mentioned Joshua, the servant of
the Lord, and his advice to Israel when he
told them thej- knew in all their hearts and
in all their souls, that not one of the good
things had failed of all that had been promised
to them. Thus he tried to engage them to
serve the Lord. There are many blessings
promised, such as 'Blessed are the pure in
heart ;' ' Blessed are the poor in spirit ;' ' Bless-
ed are ye when men shall revile you, and per-
secute you, and say all manner of evil falsely
against you for my sake, rejoice and be ex-
ceeding glad, for great is your reward in
heaven ;' ' Blessed are the peace-makers, for
they shall be called the children of God ;' and
not one of these blessings has failed to the
faithful, to those who have been obedient to
the divine requirings. ' If ye are willing and
obedient, ye shall eat the good of the land.'
' Seek first the kingdom of heaven and the
righteousness thereof, and all these things
shall be added, for your Heavenly Father
knoweth that j-e need all these things.' None
of these blessings have failed to the humble,
devoted, dedicatetl ones,
1st mo. 1st, 1817. We again attended liich
Square Meeting. I introduced the command
of our blessed Lord, of laboring for that bread
which perisheth not, but that nourisheth up
unto eternal life. I believed there would be
more profit in searching deeply into the true
meaning of this, than in going into the wide
field of speculation, viewing or trying to view
things afar otf. Things near, I believed, were
too often neglected in trying to investigate
and comprehend incomprehensible things, and
much loss sustained thereby. We should medi-
tate and reflect, and therebj' improve in silence.
We should seek to know what the bread con-
sisted of, which we are commanded to labor
for. If ye love me, said our Lord, ye will keep
mj- commandments. Ifwe love Him, we would
love one another. If we did not labor for that
bread we should sustain a loss, for we might
remember how it was with the first anointed
king of Israel ; until he disobeyed the voice of
the Lord, he was helped in all his diflSculties;
but it was after he had been disobedient he
complained that the Lord had forsaken him,
and answered him no more; and after this, he
went to those heights where he fell on his own
sword, and where David said, let there be
neither dew, nor rain, nor fields of otl'ering,
for there the shield of the mighty is vilely
cast away, and the beauty of Israel is slain
on thj' high )ilaces.
(Ith. We rode about twelve miles to the
funeral of Lj-dia Newsom, wife of Willis New-
soni, she died after about four daj's illness,
leaving five children, one about si.x weeks
old. They lived remote from Friends. Some
counsel was given to be in readiness for death,
and that the connections, after dropping the
tear of sj-mpathy, do not invite sorrow and
delight to grieve; after which the corpse was
borne to the grave in the orchard near the
house.
8th. This morning my mind was brought
under an exercise respecting the people of
color under Friends' care, understanding that
government considered the Societ}' of Friends
to be a body corporate and capable of holding
property, and that manumission for a person
of color would last no longer than the life of
the person who gave it, and that the heirs of
such assignee could reduce again to slavery
such as had been manumitted, and sell them
into perpetual servitude. I was at a PViend's
house, where a woman of color lived, who
said the Friend who had manumitted her was
an old man, that his children had gone out of
society, and had several times endeavored to
get her away to sell to the speculators. The
Yearly Meeting had concluded to have them
conveyed by legal transfer from the original
owners to the Yearly Meeting, as being the
best means to secure their freedom, but some-
how Friends here were not united to fall in
with the direction of the Yearly Meeting.
My mind is alarmed on account of the de-
plorable situation of this oppressed people, of
whom there are abundance in the parts we
have passed through and are now in."
(To be continued.)
Curious Result of Misspelling. — Errors in
orthography are inelegant, but generally
productive of no greater harm than a comi-
cal mistake or remediable misunderstanding.
They may, however, have very serious con-
sequences, and my Russian friends related to
me an instance of this, which, although I must
leave to them the responsibility for its his-
torical accuracy, ought to be a warning to
careless spellers. Two streams fall into the
Black Sea, they said at a short distance to tho
east and west of Batoum, [near the eastern
end of the Black Sea], and the names of these
streams are, with the exception of one letter,
identical. When the frontier line in this
quarter of the world was being negotiated
between Russia and Turkey, the former power
was naturally anxious to include Batoum (the
only good harbor on the eastern shore of the
Euxine) within its territory, and in order to
obtain this object, to extend its frontier to the
most westernly of the two streams. In draw-
ing up the treaty, however, that one little
letter, which alone marked the difterence in
their names, was omitted, and the eastern
stream became and has remained the division
between the two countries. — Jlounsey's Persia.
Sydney Smith once commenced a charity
sermon, by saying: "Benevolence is a senti-
ment common to human nature, A never sees
B in distress without asking C to relieve
him."
52
THE FRIEND.
PILGRIM DISCOVERIES.
I've found a joy in sorrow,
A secret balm for pain,
A beautifnl to-morrow
Of siuisliine after rain.
I've fonnd a branch of healing.
Near every bitter spring ;
A whi.spered promise stealing
O'er every broken string.
I've found a glad hosanna
For every woe and wail,
A liandfiil of sweet manna,
When grapes from Eshcol fail.
I've found a Rock of Ages,
When desert wells were dry;
And after weary stages,
I've found an Elim nigh.
An Elim with its coolness.
Its fountains and its shade!
A blessing in its fulniss,
When buds of promise fade !
O'er tears of soft contrition
I've seen a rainbow light ;
A glory and fruition,
So near 1 — yet out of sight.
MyvSaviour! Thee possessing,
We have the joy, the halm.
The healing and tlie blessing.
The sunshine and the psalm ;
The promise for the fearful,
Tlie Elim for the faint,
The rainbow for the tearful,
The glory for the saint.
Selected.
STILL DAY IN AUTUMN.
I love to wander tlirough the woodlands hoary
In the soft gloom of an autumnal day,
When Summer gathers up her robes of glory.
And, like a dream of beauty, glides away.
How through each loved familiar path she lingers.
Serenely smiling through the golden mist.
Tinting the wild grape with her dewy fingers,
Till the cool emerald turns to amethyst, —
Kindling the faint stars of the hazel, shining,
To light the gloom of Autumn's mouldering halls.
With hoary plumes the clematis entwining,
Where o'er tlie rocks her withered garland falls.
Sarah H. Whitman.
The Natives of Australia.
The wild state in which the aborigines of
Austfalia exist is the result of the poverty of
their country, which attbrds no other source of
sustenance than animals. True these abound
there : kangaroos, squirrels, opossums, kc,
and birds of various kinds being numerous.
In this mild climate the natives can live with-
out anj^ shelter.
According to II. de Castella (in his recollec-
tions of a French Squatter in Australia) the
Australian blacks are not so ugly as they have
been represented. Among the men whom he
examined, some were tall and well made.
Their slow, lounging gait, was not devoid of
dignity, and the solemnity of their step re-
minded one of the strut of a tragedian on the
stage.
These people recognize familj' ties. None
of them have more than one wife, hut they
do not marry within their own particular
tribe. They live encamped in bands, and now
that they are reduced to small numbers, in
entire tribes. They do not build permanent
huts, but protect themselves in summer from
the sun and hot winds merely by a heap of
gum-tree branches, piled up against some
sticks thrust in the ground. When winter
comes on, they strip from the trees large
pieces of bark, eight or ton feet high, and as
wide as the whole circumference of the trunk,
forming with these pieces a screen, which
they place at the side whence the rain is blow-
ing, and alter if the wind happens to change.
Squatted on the bare earth, in the kangaroo
skin which serves the double purpose of bed
and clothing, each of them is placed before a
hearth of his own.
The Australian natives of the present day
have guns, and employ little axes for chop
ping their wood and cutting bark, but it is
not long since the only weapons they pos-
sessed were made of hard wood, and their
hatchets consisted of sharp stones fastened to
the end of sticks, like the flint inftriimenls
used by men before the deluge. There is in
fact little or no difference between the people
of the age of stone, and the negroes of Aus-
tralia, and consequently an acquaintance with
the wild manners and customs of these races
has been of great advantage to naturalists in
our day in throwitig light upon the historj- of
primitive man.
H. de Castella was greatly struck by the
agility of the Australian blacks in climbing
gum-trees whose straight stems are often de-
void of branches for twenty or thirty feet from
their base, and are besides too thick to be
clapped. When by perfect prodigies of acro-
batism the native reached the opossums' nests,
he seized the animals, and threw them to his
wife.
This wife carried every thing; her last born
in a reed basket hanging from her neck, the
slaughtered game in one hand, and in the
other a burning gum branch to light the fire
when the family took up fresh quarters. The
man walked in front, carrying nothing but
his weapons; then came the wife, and after
her the children according to height.
A party of Australian blacks is never, by
any chance, to be met with walking abreast,
even when in great numbers, and if a whole
tribe is crossing the plains, only a long bitick
file is to be seen moving above the high grass.
II. de Castella was a spectator of the curious
sight which eel fishing affords among these
natives. Holding a spear in each hand with
which to rake up the bottom, they wade
through the water up to their waists, bal
ancing and regulating their movements to the
even measure of one of their chants. When
an eel is transfixed by a stroke of one lance,
they pierce it in another part of the bodj' with
the second, and then, holding the two points
a|)art throw the fish upon the bank, the num-
ber they take in this manner being very large.
They dispense with sauce pans and cooking
utensils of all kinds in the preparation of their
meals, simply placing the game or fish on
bright coals covered over with a little ashes.
£ver3' one has heard of the skill with which
savages navigate their rivers in bark canoes,
but the people of whom we are now speaking
render themselves remarkable above all others
by their adroitness in guiding their little
crafts over the rapids. Only two persons can
sit in their boats, while a spear supplies the
place of an oar, and is used with astonishing
dexterity.
No one acquainted with this kind of bar-
barous life, will be surprised to hear that the
blacks of Australia are diminishing at a won-
derfullj' quick rate. Of the whole Varra tribe,
formerly a numerous one, II. de Castella could
find no more than seventeen individuals.
What most struck the author of an account
of a journey from Sydney to Adelaide, which
appeared in the "Tour de Mondi," in 1860,
was the small number of aborigines which he
met in a distance of more than two hundrel
and fifty miles. Start and Mitchell, in tb
middle of the present century, had visitei
tribes on the higher tributaries of the Murra;
river, which then consisted of several bun
dred persons, but Castella found them onl;
represented bj' scattered groups of seven o
eight famished individuals. — Lovis Figuier.
Selected for "The Friend,
Tlie Spread of tlie Knowledge of the Gospel.
As to the increased eftorts to spread th
knowledge of the gospel, but little fruit ca
be expected, so long as they continue to be s
blended with the inventions and contrivanc
of man. I verily believe this is one grea
means of preventing the people from eomin
to a knowledge of the true gospel, which n
mains to be " the power of God unto salvj
tion." If the minds of the people were turns
to an inward and vital knoidedge of this worl
there would be some hope; provided thi
teachers themselves were really called to an
qualified for the work; and not, as is to h
feared too many of them are, strangers to th
inward work themselves.
In my apprehension nothing short of a da
of calamity will bring the people to thei
senses, and reduce them to a state of sitl
plicity and humility ; which in the end woul
])rove an unspeakable blessing, if happily :
were the means of turning their attention t
the true Teacher in their own hearts, wL
giveth life to those that hear and obey bin
and would cause them to " cease from ma
whose breath is in his nostrils," by whoi
they have so long been kept in darkncs
That so those abominations which are set u^
and standing in the place of the true Christiai
religion, and which make the earth destitull
of the presence of the Lord, may forever 1
swept away from its surface.
Should such a day be permitted, it will ce
tainly try the members of our highly profos'
ing Societj', and show icho are on the foundi
tion that standeth sure; these will be pri
served as in the hollow of the Lord's han(
from " the blast of the terrible ones ;" but th
chaff, — such as have nothing but an empt
profession to stand upon, will assuredly l(
scattered before the storm.
Daniel Wheeler.
Twelfth month 12th, 1829.
For "The Friend."
Collecting India-Rubber.
Henry Alexander Wickham, of Englani
has recently published some notesof ajourne
through the north-eastern portion of Sout
America. He resided for some months on tl I
banks of the Orinoco, and attempted to su
ply a deficiency in his finances by collectin ]
India-rubber. His description of his oper!
tions may revive in the minds of some of tl
older settlers in our Western States, the sug;
camps, where the sap of the maple was cc (^
lected and boiled into sugar.
As the sugar is obtained from the mapl
and the turpentine from the pine, so the Indi
rubber is procured by tapping a species i'
tree that is found in the South Americs
forests, and collecting the milky sap thatflov
from it. This sap hardens and darkens t A
exposure, and forms the India-nibber. Tl
tree is the Siphonia elastica, called by the ret
dents in the country — the Ciringa.
After making some preliminary examiii
tions, our author set out from Sau Fernanc
THE FRIEND.
53
,ith some men and boys, the whole party
imliering seven persons, about the hist of
le Eleventh month, in two boats, to explore
le forests of the Upper Orinoco for Ciringa.
n the 27th he says: "We arrived at the
onth of a small "river, called Carieia, or
hirari. As this was about the neighborhood
purposed to work india-rubber during the
•ier weather, I camped; and after seeing
amon properly attended to, 1 at once ile-
)atched the men into the forest, while I pad-
led the easco up the creek in order to take
lem in further up. In a short time they re-
irned with their notched sticks, indicating
fty-seven trees seen in the small space of
•rest they had traversed. 1 felt satisfied with
lis iDtelligence, but next day went on as far
i the next creek's mouth above. I discovered
ere that the Orinoco, instead of receiving,
ave off water, which, after describing a semi-
rcle, and blending with the water of two
.reams, Aguas Xegras, fell into the main
ver bv the mouth'"! had first entered, thus
sndering the piece of land I had determined
) work for rubber an island. I had noticed
ne ciringa trees on the Orinoco bank all the
•ay. The forest on the two sides of this
,ream presented a marked contrast: the black
ater following one bank, and that of the
irinoco the other. The forest on the bank
3cupied by the white water, contained the
xinga or india-rubber trees, the manac palm,
nd other trees, in striking contrast with the
pposite side, which had neither ciringa nor
lanae, but an abundance of the Chiquichiqui
aim — the Piassava of the Eio Negro.
"December 1st. — I determined to put up
ly rancho for the season's work on a well-
rained bluff, which abutted above the very
ark, clear water of the first and smallest of
ae two streams already mentioned. Thisi
ranch creek ilowed out of some large lagoons
way to the west. It was strange to see the ]
minas, or river-porpoises, disporting them-
elves in this little creek in the very core of
ontinent.
"Having thus fixed on working quarters, I
ent Bogers and two men in one of the canoes
0 the plantations of the Marquiritare on the
;onuconumo, to negotiate lor the necessary
aanioco. Here, in my little creek, I felt in-
eed shut out from the rest of the world
k.fter passing within the mouth, and taking
, few turns, all trace was lost of nearness even
otheunpeopled reaches of the Orinoco, so com-
iletely is this river enclosed by the forest."
"The constant irritation from the bite of
he mosquitos at length caused my hands and
Bet to swell, and become inflamed, and, after
.time, to break out into distressingly ulcer-
,ted patches on the knuckles and backs of the
lands. My feet especially were so inflamed.
hat I was confined to my hammock for some
.ays, whilst Ramon and the two boys were
intting up the lodge. The last capping hav-
Dg been given to a substantial roof of palm
saves (those of the all-serviceable chiqui-
hiqui), Eamon and I went to work for the
irst time on the india-rubber trees. My plan
cas to cut a path along the Orinoco coast, and
nother along the creek, and then to intersect
he triangle of forest enclosed betwixt them.
Ve found the forest dry and good for work ;
■nd, at the beginning of my task, on the very
irst day, I cleared sixteen trees with the
.ssistance of the two boys, Eamon cutting
he path with machete."
" On the 13th, Eogers returned with only
twenty mapiri of manioco. I continued clean-
ing the trees daily in the forest, and hoped to
have 1,000 ready for tapping in 'ho ensuing
month. One of the chief features of the forest
is the variety and immense number of bush-
ropes, 'bejucas,' forming a sort of natural
cord-jge ; thoy are of every size, and bind the
top branches of the trees together, winding
round the trunks, and coiling themselves on
the ground in endless snake-like contortions.
In some places they caused the men much trou-
ble, in cutting the paths with their machetes
connecting the ciringa trees. Amongst the
species I noticed one kind, the section of
which, when cut. tantalisingly resembled the
roly-poly jam pudding of home days. Some-
times, during the lime for rest, I would sit
down and look up into the leafy arches above,
and, as I gazed, become lost in the wonderful
beauty of that upper system — a world of life
complete within itself This is the abode of
strangely pluniaged birds and elvish little /(' //
monkeys, which never descend to the dark,
damp soil throughout their lives, but sing anil
gambol in the aerial gardens of dainty ferns
and sweet-smelling orchids, for every tree sup-
ports an infinite varietj' of plant life. All
above overhead seemed the verj- exuberance
of animal and vegetable existence, and below,
its contrast — decay and darkness. Hero and
there was a mass of orchid, carried from above
1>V the fall of some withered branch, sicken-
ing into pallor, thrust out from the vitalizing
light and air.
'•When the fruit of the ciringa (Si'phonia
elnstira) approaches maturity, it is first visited
by a flock of parrots, and then by the harshly
screaming flocks of the yellow macaw. These
birds are most wastful feeders, the ground
beneath the trees becoming speedily strewn
with untouched fruit as well as the shell of
the nuts.
I "There are many kinds of monkeys in the
'neighborhood, from the large red originaio.
which roars hoarsely (making a far more for-
midable noise than" the tiger) at any change
in the weather, to the pretty little ti-ti. A
troop of the latter is one of the merriest sights
imaginable, as they bound with wonderful
agility from bough to bough, leaving no leaf
within reach unsearehed for its lurking in-
sects: they are especiallj- fond of the leaf-
winged locust. The little creatures look truly
elf-like as they peer down at you from behind
a screen of foliage to get a clear view of so
unwonted a presence, before they scamper off'
and away through the clustering branches
over-head. The whistles of the monkeys,
greatly resembling the notes of some bird,
are heard from different parts of the forest,
as they answer one another. The ari^ualo-',
unlike the deep brown and black monkey of
Central America and the lower Amazon, are
a rusty red species : they are equally surly,
and give vent to their feelings in the same
monstrous volume of roaring sound as the
originato. Snakes were very numerous, and
of great variety in form and color. Eamon
had no names fen- many that wo saw : they
generally managed to glide quickly out of the
path, and so escaped'me. There was one
pretty little reptile more impudent than his
brethren, and less inclined to gel out of the
way. It was of a beautiful green ; the Indi
ans" call it loro (parrot), and Eamon said it
was very savage and venomous — ""muy bravo.'
I " The orchideous vine-vanilla was common
in the forest, but it seemed rarely to bear
fruit; and when it did so, the ])ungent lus-
cious aroma was to be perceived from a dis-
tance. There were manj- tigers, as was
evinced bj' the numberless tracks in the
woods: the Indians were sometimes scared
from tluir work by this terrible footprint,
but 1 never peis(iii:dly encountered a tiger
here. Occasionally I saw a frohly disgorged
fish, in the ]Kitb between the ciringa trees."
"Two days before Christmas I sent Eamon
with Mateo to hunt up a wild hog or a deer
for the festive occasion ; however, they re-
turned with nothing more than a panji, so
the men had to tall back upon fish, which the
waters of the creek rarely failed to yield in
abundance. Christmas Day was spent in the
rancho: in the morning the sand-flies seemed
rather less troublesome than usual, but in the
afternoon they appeared in swarms, and in
the evening Eogers had one of his fever-chills.
'• There was small chance here of over-sleep-
ing the dawn, for with it came the mosquitos,
and they do not desist from annoying until
dark. My feet and hands again became very
sore and inflamed, from the constant irrita-
tion of these plagues. Daily wishing for night
is not a very satisfactory way of living. I
did not suffer quite so much at this season,
when working.
" Christmas day past. I despatched Eamon
to gather a supply of the old nut-shells of the
cueurito palm, used in smoking the rubber.
The da}' being fine, I commenced tapping
with part of the people; the others continued
to clean more trees to be in readiness.
" On the 2nd of January, lf<TO, the creek
underwent a change in appearance. The cur-
rent had long ceased to flow, and a sudden
rise of the Orinoco had caused as sudden an
influx of its white water. Latterly we had
been much troubled by a large-headed worm
appearing beneath the skin.' The Indian.s
said it was produced by the Zancudos Colo-
rado (the red mosquito), which had liecomo
very numerous in the woods. I think the
Indians right in considering these to bo the
larva} of a gnat. Those Jiamon extracted
from my back had precisely the shape of the
wri'i-glingthingstobeseen in most rain-water,
enlarged'^' however, by the fostering heat of
the flesh in which they were embedded.
They also appear to breathij through their tails,
as tiie head is buried, whilst the pointed tail-
end ai)proaches the suilace of the skin. Their
presence is not noticed except when they feed
(at least I presume so, from my own sensa-
tions). The first time I felt them, I could not
imagine what was the matter with mo: it
seemed as if some one was making a succes-
sion of thrusts into my side with a red-hot
needle. The operation of extracting the in-
sects is tedious and painful : they are first
killed by the fresh milk from the india-rubber
tree, or tobacco juice, applied to the red spot
indicating their lodgings. This district ia
plagued by the mosquitos beyond any other
spo't I visited ; added to these are biting ants,
chivacoas, niguas, wasps, i".
.' sth. — 1 had tapped the first hundred trees,
but the yield was very small, which disap-
l)ointment I attributed to their being loaded
with green fruit. On Sunday I often paid a
visit to a friendly Creole, called Merced Gil,
who had followed me from San Fernando,
and had established a rancho a few hours'
paddle up the river, working the woods for
ciriufaro, near the Serra Carieia. He stated
his willingness to supply me with a casco (a
54
THE FRIEND.
large canoe with the extremities squared alcove
the water), and complained of being on ' short
commons,' having nothing in his rancho hut
the salted flesh of a wild cat, to obtain which
delicacy he had loaded his French gun with
ball, and had, in consecjuence, blown a hole in
one of the barrels. 1 saw the skin of the
beast hanging out to dry; it was of uniform
grey, thereby differing from the usual forest
eats of South America. I was better off for
fare at my creek, with its fish and occasional
fowl."
CTo be contiQDed.)
Selected.
Oh ! that the children of men would be wise
and fear God, and call upon his name while
the door of mercy is open, that their souls
may live. For this I heartily pray, because
I have been one that has tasted of the good
word of God, and have known something of
the power of the world to come : and having
tasted of his merc3' and judgment, I can no
less than invite and entreat all to be faithful
to the Lord, and to all His requirings ; that, in
the winding up of all things, God may have
the praise, who is everlastingly worthj-, and
our poor souls find the joy and comfort that
none else can give or take away. — Alice Hayes.
The War Feeling.
A correspondent of the National Baptist,
thus describes the feeling towards Germany,
■which he found among the French people : —
"You will conclude from all this that France
is in a bad way. Certainly, the immediate
prospect is not good. But the French are a
great people, a splendid and grand nation ; and
no misfortunes can keep them down, or hold
them back from their destinj-. Brilliant in
science and speculation ; reigning with an un-
disputed pre-eminence as the most tasteful
ami polished of all the peoples; as full of gen-
erous philanthropies as they are of cheerful
gayety ; with a profound fa"ith in their own
genius and destiny if in nothing else, they
rise buoyant above all disaster and defeat.
They speak lightly of the five milliards of
ransom extorted from them by the triumphant
German, and say they could have paid twice
as much without difficulty. Attributing their
late crushing defeats, and perhaps correctly,
to the lack of good leaders, and to the crimi-
nal improvidence of the imperial government,
they make no secret of their purposes of re-
venge. Said a French preacher to me, one
day, as we were strolling through the garden
of the Tuileries, thronged as of old, with gay
crowds: 'We have three millions of soldiers
in training for our revenge.' The number
■was perhaps an exaggeration ; but the feeling
■was not. ' When our soldiers, who had been
prisoners in Germany, returned,' he told me
another day, ' they all said that they would
go back some day, if it is not till they are
eighty years old, and would lead all their
generations with them, to fight it out with
the Germans.' There is no doubt that Bis-
marck committed a blunder, if not a crime, in
taking Alsace and Loraine. He obeyed, dou'lit-
less an old poi)ular feeling of the German
heart, that these German-speaking provinces
should constitute a part of the united Father-
land; but it seems now quite certain that he
secured German unity at the risk of a fiercer
war than Europe has seen for a century past,
the issue of which may destroy that uinty for
another age. Ho is fully aware of his peril,
and keeps Germany armed to the teeth, to
beat back the threatened attack. It has com-
|)elled a large increase of the German armies
and war material, and a corresponding in-
crease of taxes, which may make his govern-
ment less popular some of these years when
the crops fail, and the business prosperity de-
clines. It is a pitiful sight — these two great
peoples standing thus face to face, glowering
upon each other with hate, exhausting their
resources, and filling their children's hearts
with the pernicious military spirit, to prepare
for a battle which must bring so much of woe
and desolation, and which when it shall be
fought, will leave only another heritage of
hatred and revenge to plague another genera-
tion of Frenchmen and Germans."
The English Sparrow. — A Californian, who
has recently returned from a visit to New
York, is anxious to have steps taken to in-
troduce the English sparrow on this coast.
He says the bird there has proved a great
blessing, especially in the city. The treses in
the parks are in a more flourishing condition
in consequence. The sparrows "live on in-
sects (it delights in caterpillars) ; it searches
after the early worm, and, when found, makes
a meal of him. The result is a great improve-
ment in the foliage within the eitj'. Three
years ago Trinity Church graveyard was a
desolate looking place. Scarcely a leaf was
to be seen on the trees ; the worms held high
carnival, and had it all their own waj^ They
built nests in the trees, and dropped down on
the necks of the ladies. They were especi-
ally partial to green things, "but when the
foliage gave out they crawled on the walks,
into the church, up the shiny boots of the
church-goers, in search of whatever they
could devour. The sparrows came and gob-
bled them up; the leaves got a chance to
grow ; the trees took a fresh start, and now
all is changed. The trees actually vie with
their country cousins in beauty of foliar'e.
The sparrows did it; they are the most won-
derful insect destroyers of the feathered tribe.
They are also one of the most tame birds in
the world. They will run along the sid
walks a few feet in front of a person, as if
delighting in human companionship. Boy;
forget to throw stones at them. Such confi
dence as they display in the kindness of man
is not to be returned with cruelty. It is re
ally amusing to see the little creatures come
every morning about the door-steps and win
dow-silLs, to get crumbs of bread from the
children. Many become so tarae that they
perch on the hands that feed them. The
keepers of the Central Park say they have
been of great benefit to every park in the city.
Thej^ breed very fast, and will soon overrun
a whole country when well started. In two
years after their introduction in New York
city they were observed at Niagara Fa
They followed up the Hudson and along the
Erie Canal, scattering blessings as they went.
They would be of much use in the Golden
Gate Park. They seem sjjecially adapted to
city life, and to abodes in city parks and
j-ards, where little fruit is raised. The
fruit raisers of the interior might object to
them, because they would occasionally pick
at the cherries, hut it is probable that even
in gardens in the country thej- would be of
more service than harm. Who can give in-
formation about their operations in the coun-
try? If any, let them send in their facts,
favorable or unfavorable, no matter. San
Francisco does not want to be benefitted a'
the expense of the interior, not even in th!
matter of sparrows. — San Francisco Bulletin
Selected.
True mourners in Zion weep, some for a
absent God, as Mary, others for their sins, a I
Peter, and they will not be comforted, n-
not by angels, but only by Him, who is nii;-
to all that call upon Him, and is health t
those that are broken in heart. He that aj:
peared first to weeping Mary, and next t
sorrowing Peter, will shortly visit them wit!
his salvation. He is already with them a
He was with Mary, though they knovv it not,
and He will soon be in them the sure anc,
comfortable hope of glory. — Fletcher. ,
^
Clothing on Fire — The frequent terribi
deaths from clothes taking on fire should lea( I
all persons to remember the following methoi
of extinguishing such fires, as given by th- |
Scientific American : .
Three persons out of four would rush rigb
up to the burning individual and begin ti
paw with their hands without any definiti
aim. It is useless to tell the victim to do thi
or that, or call for water. In fact, it is gen
erallj' best not to say a word, but seize ;
blanket from the bed, or any woolen fabric—
if none is at hand, take any woolen materia
— hold the corners as far apart as you can
stretch out higher than your head, and run I
ning boldly to the person, making a motioi I
of clasping in the arms, mostlj- about thi *
shoulders. This instantly smothers the fin
and saves the face. The next instant throi^
the person on the floor. This is an additiona
safety to the face and breath, and any rem
naut of flame can be put out more leisurely
The next instant immerse the burnt part ii
cold water, and all pain will cease with thi
rapiditj' of lightning. Next get some com
mon flour, remove from the water, and covo i
the burnt parts with an inch thickness o '
flour ; if possible, put the patient to bed, am:
do all that is possible to soothe until tin '
physician arrives. Let the flour remain uiiti
it falls off of itself, when a beautiful new skii j
can be found. Unless the burns are deep, nc I
other application is needed. The drj- floui \
for burns is the most admirable remedy evei I
proposed, and the information ought to bt
imparted to all. The principle of its actiorj
is, that, like water, it causes instant and perj
feet relief from pain by totally excluding al!
the air from the injured parts.
THE FRIEND.
TENTH MONTH 4, 1873.
We hear of there being in many places much
speaking in the form of preaching, and great
pouring out of -^vords in the form of p'liblit
prayer, and a strong desire is manifested ou
the part of many to have singing introduced
into the meetings of Friends, under the plea
of its being a desirable mode of praise anil '
thanksgiving.
In the present condition of our religious
Society, with the minds of so manj- impressed .'
with the idea, that the life of religion in it is
connected with the changes made from the
original principles and practices of Friends, it
is to be expected that the estimate of the
character of these ministrations will be in
THE FRIEND.
55
; lorilanco with the views entertained by the
urers, of the doctrines inculcated and the
•uiiires advocated or countenanced. The
( iiii'ius entertained of the qualification and
I tli'irity forthese public services, ditt'er in the
K'rabers according to their desire to adhere
Imlv to the original I'aith of the Society, or
(adopt that which has been substituted for it:
I d they no longer judge by the same stand-
id. "Like priest like people," is an old
; UL.'-e, the truth of which is often manifested.
It is an evidence of the long-sufTering kind-
iss and mercy of the Head of the Church,
tat a spring of living ministry is yet kept
::en among us as a people ; making itself
liown. we doubt not, sometimes in places
nere it may be thought but little of; but
nercver brought forth and administered "in
',3 ability whicli God giveth," proving a savor
; life unto life, and of death unto death. AVe
:ve need to be grateful for the blessing, to
jDfit by it, and to be constantly on the watch,
fercising a godly care to cherish the least
ridences of a gift therein having been con-
ired, however small it ma}" at first appear
,i be ; while taking due heed lest we be
I'lght by that which is only a counterfeit.
But is it not a subject of remark by many,
it, in the present day, there are so few
■sed up from among our young people, on
lom the mantles of such ministers as were
(inent in a former generation have fallen;
(J is not the query sometimes heard, Why is
|w? There can be no doubt that extraordi-
ry gifts for the ministry and public prayer
re been dispensed, ever since the rise of the
^ietj-, to men and women, who having sub-
tted to the necessary baptisms of the Holy
ost and fire, were fitted for the Master's
I, and sent forth by Him to preach repent-
;e and regeneration, and to declare the un-
rchable riches of Christ. "The gifts and
lings of God are without repentance," and
is as willing to confer them on dedicated
n and women of this day as He was when
equi])ped and sent forth such ministers as
Duel Emlen, William Savery, Thomas Scat-
good, Richard Jordan, William Jackson,
phen Grellett and others, who when they
w the gospel trumpet gave no uncertain
nd, and whose preaching was, truly in the
jQonstration of the Spirit and of power.
V have some such still among us, but how
It they have not a greater number of sueces-
|8 ? members, male and female, who, taught
Jthe School of Christ, have received the gift
iich He alone can confer, and under fresh
linting for the work, stand forth as his am-
sadors declaring the word of reconcilia-
h ; workmen approved of God, that need
i be ashamed, rightly dividing the word.
s it not because the work of regeneration
(generally too superficial; that too many
Ins do not allow the transformations of
line Grace to be deep and thorough enough !
';- vessels used at the altar in the Lord's
hpl^' formerly, were to be of beaten gold;
arative of the humiliating crosses and deej:
1 tisms to be undergone before the corrupt
;<ious and appetites that war against the
:1, are completely subjugated ; the obsti-
sy and perverseness of the carnal will brok-
li pride plucked up by the roots, and the
Jctions set upon things not seen, treasure 'shall any of the cords
liieaven, where Christ sitteth at the right! Militant as it is, it is th
vellous light," to be a royal priesthood, a
chosen nation ; and the jireparatorj- disci|)line
is certainh' necessary in all its strictness and
severity before the spiritual gift is conferred
to minister in the assemblies of the people.
Preaching the gospel is a very different
thing from merel}" declaring the truths re-
corded in the New Testament, or drawing
out discourses on the doctrines therein con-
tained. Were the gospel of Christ nothing
more than the outward glad tidings enunci-
ated by Him and his Apostles, such might be
the case, and men might become able minis-
ters of the new Covenant by study of the
Scriptures. But such is not the truth as it is
in Jesus. No man can take this honor on
iumself; he must be called of God, as was
Aaron ; and when the gift is received it can
be rightly exercised only when the recipient
is afresh anointed with the holy oil for the
service, and under the inspiration of Him who
seeth in secret and knoweth the hearts of all
men His present message is delivered to the
hearers ; whether it be denouncing judgment
on the impenitent, striving to awaken the
careless and lukewarm to couvej- light and
direction to the ignorant, or to extend com-
fort and encouragement to the weary, strug-
gling traveller heavenward. This, and this
only is the preaching of the gospel which
corresponds with the character given to the
latter by the Apostle of being ''the power
of God unto salvation."
There have been instances among members
of our religious Society, whei'e individuals
have been called to the work of the ministry
early in their Christian life ; where having
surrendered unreservedly to the Divine will,
they have given up in obedience to the draw-
ings of the Father's love, and it has pleased
Him to authorize them to speak in his Name,
even before their spiritual faculties had be-
come strong by reason of use But suchareex-
ceptional cases. The history of those Friends
who have been entrusted with large gifts, as
well as others who have been called to stand
before the people as ambassadors of Christ,
shows how many deep provings and baptisms
they had to undergo, in order that their hearts
might be purified by faith, and their under-
standings enlarged and illuminated by ema-
nations from the Fountain of light and love.
Buried with Christ hy baptism into death, as
He was raised from the dead by the glory of
the Father even so they also walked in new-
ness of life. Thus they were changed men
themselves before they were commissioned
to labor to change others ; their circumspect
self-denying lives, adorning the doctrine they
preached, by showing thej- had learned to
wear the yoke of Christ and to refuse to be
conformed to the manners, maxims or spirit
of the world. It was thus they became scribes
well instructed unto the kinj'dom of heaven ; '
Those who go in by Him are henceforth
strangers and jiilgrims in the scenes of this
fallen world. They may he poor and des]ds-
ed, hated, and borne down with tribulation,
but through the power of Iho H0I3' Spirit
Ihej- are, as living stones, built up a spiritual
temple, a glorious church, not having sjiot or
wrinkle or any such thing ; and ai-e given to
partake of that river "the streams whereof
make glad the City of (iod, the holy jilace of
the tabernacles of the Most High." It is a
great mercy to be prepai'cd to receive the
gift, and a high honor to be commissioned by
the glorified Head of this Church to preacdi
his gospel ; to invite in his Name the wear}-
and heavy-laden, the sin sick seeker or the
rebellious worldling, to enter therein through
the alone door and find a rest which else-
where will be sought in vain : to be made an
instrument by the Spirit of Ilim who came to
seek and to save that which is lost, to call
back the wandering prodigal to the Father's
house, and to persuade those whose souls are
perishing with a fatal malady, to touch the
hem of the Saviour's garment, and bo made
whole.
Well may the query be repeated, why are
not more prepared and called to this diirni-
fied mission ? We are well aware that the
inculcation by some in membership, of the
opinion that Friends have alwaj-s been mis-
taken in their views respecting the chai-acter
of the inspiration necessary to preach the
gospel, and that the source from which minis-
try of the word is to bedrawn, isthe Bible, has
atJ'cctingly lowered in the Society the stand-
ard by which the qualification for its exercise
is judged. This liiis not only deceived not a
few, into supposing they might properly offer
as ministry or praj'cr what they have acquir-
ed and practiced as teachers in First-day
Schools and bible-classes, but there is reason
to believe it has also spoiled some who were
under the preparing hand for the work; but
who have been thus induced to think further
ba]jtisms and purification were unnecessary,
and without wailing to receive the priestly
robes and the anointing oil, they have ven-
tured to offer with strange fire, and so the
work has been marred and they have become
dwarfs.
But does not the root of the evil and loss
that we are sustaining, derive its nourishment
from so many among us substituting some-
thing else for childlike obedience to the man-
ifestations of I'ivine Grace in the secret of the
soul ; choosing some supposed easier path
than the strait and nari'ow way which alone
leads to eternal life, and striving to compro-
mise for not wearing Christ's yoke and taking
up the daily cross, by loving the woi'ld but
in part, and complj-ing with its spirit but in
part? We believe it does, and that if our
members generally would be willinc; to heark-
bringing forth out of the Lord's treasury en to Him who has called them \fith a high
things new and old, in ])erformance of the
duty laid upon them, whether it was in the
way of reproof or correction, or of doctrine
and instruction in righteousness.
The true Church on earth is a place of peace
and safety, "a quiet haliitation, a tabernacle
id of Go
t of the
liourof men
and holy calling, and live up to the profession
Friends have ever made before the world,
which would disentangle them from an evil
eovetousness after the things of this life, and
lead them to seek the honor that cometh of
God more than that which cometh from men.
that shall not be taken down; not one of the; He would once more bestow more generally
stakes thereof shall ever be removed, neither gifts for the ministry, and other spiritual gifts,
thereof be broken." and there would be agiin found in most of
lower court of the'our meetings, "able ministers of the New
This is to be known by every , Church triumphant in heaven. Christ is the Testament; not of the letter, but of the Spirit;
peculiar people," called by the door into it, and all who attempt to enter it for the letter killeth, but the Spirit giveth
out of darkness into his mar- 1 by any other way are thieves and robbers. 'life."
56
THE FRIEND.
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
Foreign. — The situation in Spain lias not materially
changed. A Bayonne dispatch of the 26th says, the
Carlists are disheartened. They are unable to move for
M'ant of money, artillery and ammunition.
The city of Alicante has been bombarded by two of
the insurgent iron-clad frigates. All the merchant ship-
ping left the port and anchored outside. The British
fleet was moored in the harbor on the right, and the
French tieet on the west of the town, with eleven other
foreign men-of-war, including Germans, occupying the
east. Inside of these lines the rebel iron-dads Nu-
mancia and Mendez Xunez took up their position and
prepared to bombard the jdace. The German com-
mander at the last moment ottered to stop the hostilities,
but the English and French commanders refused to join
him. About 500 projectiles, some tilled with petroleum,
were thrown into the city, causing considerable damage.
The Spanish iron-clads Vittoria and Alman/.a, recently
held by the British, have been released and will be sent
to the relief of Alicante.
It is stated that the Bank of France has agreed to
advance 100,000,000 francs to the Spanish government.
A dispatch of the 20th says that the insurgent frigates
have left Alicante for Cartagena. The Carlists in tlie
north have recently met with serious reverses, and dis-
content and demoralization are said to be increasing
among them. Tlie town of Berga, which was in danger
of being captured by them, has been reinforced and sup-
plied with provisions.
A Paris dispatch to the London Times says, Thiers
on his return to that city, will assume the leadership of
the party of tlie Left.
The members of the Right assert that the Assembly
will declare in favor of the restoration of the monarchy
before many weeks have passed. The Royalists have
hopes of a division in the Bonaparlist ranks. Some are
disposed to act in conjunction with the Royalists, while
MacMahon and his friends are opposed to a prolonga-
tion of the present provisional regime.
Gambetta intends to make another political tour
through the southern and western departments. lie
will address the public at Bordeau.x: and other large
cities.
The permanent committee of the Assembly had a
)ueeting on the 25th ult. In reply to an iiupiirv, the
Duke de Broglie stated that the government would not
permit tlie armament of Carlists in France.
The Republican members of the .\ssenib!y, whose
fears have been aroused by the movements of the
monarchists, propose, when the Assembly meets, to in-
troduce a declaration against infringement of popular
sovereignty, and to resign their seats if it is not adopted.
The cholera is abating in Paris, the deaths from that
disease the past week being only about twenty per day.
The harvest in Hungary has been so delicient the
present year, that the government has determined to
import .iustralian wheat and rye for sowing in the im-
poverished districts.
The King <jf Italy has left Berlin, after having a long
private conference with Prince Bismarck. He subse-
quently took leave of the Emperor and Imperial family,
and departed on his return home.
A dispatch from Teheran announces the return of the
Shah of Persia to his capital. The whole population
turned out to escort him to the palace. The Shah, in
a brief speech, stated that he had visited Parliament
and the princl|ial institutions of Europe with the special
object of introducing what he saw good in them into the
administration of his government.
The ceremony of tiirjilng the lirst sod for the first
railway in Persia took place recently at Reslul, in pre-
sence of leading Persian olliclals anil foreign consids.
Golil is being shipped in large sums from London to
New York, in consequence of the linancial troubles in
the latter city. The Daily Telegraph, in an article on
the American crisis, says it cannot be too stronglv en-
forced that there is nothing radically unsound JieVe or
in the United States. The great mass of capitalists are
not aflected by the trouble.
The Daily News remarks, in the absence of a system
of long credits the materials for panics among Ajuerl-
can trading houses do not e.xist. It believes the worst
is over.
Two of the Bank of England forgers are conlineil in
Pentonvllle prison, and the two others in Hollowav
prison. No visitors will be permitted to see them until
the eve of tlieir departure. Each one will be trans-
ported to a ditlerent peiuil colony.
Capt. Buddington and party have left for New York
on the steamship City of Antwerii. Several steamship
lines ofl'iu-ed the party free passage.
The /'marecter says the business of the Atlantic cables
has largely increased since the beginning of the panic
in New York, and the receipts are now estimated at
$27,000 daily.
The British Association, in session at Bradford, have
adopted a resolution urging the government to send an
exploring expedition to the Arctic regions.
It is reported that .John Bright Is opposed to the war
against the Ashantees, and will resign his po.sition in
the Cabinet if it is further prosecuted.
The South Australian budget states that upward of
£25,000 is now available for the promotion of immigra-
tion.
The Bank of England has advanced its rate of in-
terest to 5 per cent.
The election for Lord Mayor of London took place
on the 29tli ult., and resulted iu the choice of Andrew
Lusk, a member of Parliament.
London, 9th mo. 29th. — .Si.x hundred and thirty-eight
thousand pounds sterling In gold, have been drawn from
the Bank of England for shipment to America and
Germany. The demand for discount is heavy at the
advanced rate.
Liverpool. — Uplands cotton. Hid. a 9f/. ; Orleans,
9ld.a9\d.
During the year 1872, the emigration from Great
Britain consisted of 113,703 English and 73,763 Irish.
In 1803 the proportion of Irish was much larger, viz:
116,381, against 61,243 English. It is stated that the
condition of the peasantry in Ireland has greatly im-
proved in the last few vears.
United States. — The Money Troubles. — During all
last week the financial embarrasment growing out of
the heavy failures of previous days continued, greatly
depre.ssing prices of slocks, bonds and securities gener-
ally, and making it difficult for many pers<ms to pro-
vide the currency needed for the transaction of their
ordinary business. The U. S. Secretary of the Treasury
ceased buying U. S. bonds when fourteen millions of
currency had been paid <iut for that [lurpose. President
Grant in a recent communication says: The govern-
ment is desirous of doing all in its power to relieve the
present unsettled condition of business affairs which is
holding back the immense resources of the country now
awaiting transportation to the seaboard and a market.
Confidence on the part of the jieople is the first thing
needed to relieve this condition and to avert the threat-
ened destruction of business, with its accompanying
disasters to all classes of the people. To re-establish
this feeling the government is willing to take all legal
measures at Its command, but it Is evident that no
government efforts will avail without the active co-
operation of the banks and moneyed corporations of the
country. With the *14,000,000 already paid out in the
purchase of the government indebtedness, and the with-
drawal of their large deposits from the Treasury, the
banks are now strong enough to aiUqit a liberal policy
on their part, and, by a generous system of discounts,
to sustain the inislness interests of the country. Should
such a course be pursued the 84-1,000,000 of reserve will
be considered as money in the Treasury, to meet the
demands of the public necessity as the circumstances of
the country m;iy require.
Jay Cooke i*i Co. have published a statement showing
that their entire liabilities amount to scarcely eigiit
million dollars, while they hohl assets to about twice
that amount. They expect eventually to pay in full
and have a large surplus.
The mortality in Philadelphia last week numbered
257, including 95 children under two years of age.
New York had 524 deaths last week.
There were 440 deaths of yellow fever at Shreveport,
Louisiana, from 9tli mo. 1st to 2ijth. The whole popu-
lation was only about 3,000 when the fever broke out.
A dispatch from Portland, ( (regon, dated the 27th ult.
says, wiu-k on the Pacific division of the Northern
I'.icific Railroail progresses as usual. Contractors ex-
pect to complete the connection between the Columbia
River and Puget Sound at Taconia, witliln sixty days.
An einigration from Iceland to the United States is
commencing. The Icelanders are said to resemble the
Scotcli In appearance, and are a healthy looking class
of people.
The Markets, &c. — The following were the quotations
on the 29th ult. iVeio York. — American gold, 112J.
U. vS. securities no quotations. Superfine flour, $5.40
a $6 ; State extra, $6.35 a $6.80; finer brands, i-7 a$U).75.
red western wheat, SI. 66 ; No. 1 Chicago spring, $1.44;
No. 2 do., '*1 .37 a $1.40. Oats, 49 a 55} cts. State rye,
98 cts. AVestern mixed corn, 64 a 06 cts. ; yellow, 671 a
68 cts. Carolina rice, 81 a 9 cts.; East Indian, 6', a
75 cts. Philadelphia. — Cotton, 18 a 19 cts. for uplands
and New Orleans. Crude petroleum, 11 cts.; standard
white, 16 cts. Superfine flour, $3.50 a $4.-50; extra,
$4.75 a $5.75; finer brands, $6 a $10. 'White wheat,
$1.70 a $1.80; amber, $1.60_a f 1.65 ; red, $1.50 a
$1.-58. Rye, 85 a 90 cts. Yellow corn, 67 cts. Oa
47 a 50 cts. Smoked hams, 14 a 16 cts. Lard, 8'
9 cts. Clover-seed, 9 J- a 10 cts. About 4000 beef cat",
arrived at the Avenue Drove-yard. Choice and exi
sold at 6J a 7 cts. per lb. gross; fair to good, 5'. a
cts., and common, 4 a 5 cts. Sales of 14,000 sheep ai
a 5J cts. per lb. gross, and 7,000 hogs at $7.25 per 1
11>. net for corn fed. Chicarjo. — No. 1 spring wheat, S
No. 3, 83 cts. No. 2 mixed corn, 37 cts. Rye, Ola
cts. Barley, $1.26. Lard, 7| a 7iS cts. Cincinnati.
Family flour, .fO.OO a $7.10. No. 2 winter red whe.
$1.30. Corn, .55 cts. Rye, 79 a SO cts. Oats, 36 a
cLs. Barley, $1.35 a $1.50. St. Louis. — No. 2 spri
wheat, $1.02; No. 2 winter red, $1.52. No. 2 mix
corn, 41 cts. Oats, 33 cts. Baltimore. — Choice amb
wheat, $1.65 a $1.70 ; good to prime red, $1.50 a Sl.(
Southern white corn, 70 cts. ; yellow, 62 cts. Oats,
a 49 cts.
J
RECEIPTS.
Received from James Thorp, Pa., $2, vol. 47 ; fn
Hannah .7. Roberts, City, $2.20, vol. 47 and Postaf'
and for Samuel Woolman, Del., $2, vol. 47; frt
Samuel Chadbourne, N. Y., $2, vol. 47 ; from .Josi
Stratton, lo., $2, vol. 47 ; from Edward Boone, Canac
$2, vol. 47 ; from Louisa Warner, Pa., $2, vol. 47 ; fn
William C. Taber, Mass., $2, vol. 47 ; from James
Kite, Agent, O., for Robert Milhous, David Ball, a.
William Harmer, $2 each, vol. 47 ; from Asa Garretsi .
Agent, O., for Sarah Bundy, John Thomoson, Jesse .
Livezey, .Joel Bailey, Elizabeth Bailey, Matilda Park,
Elisha Doudna, and Chalkley Dawson, $2 each, vol. ;
from .James llarkness, lo., $2, vol. 47, and for Rus^I
Taber and Nathaniel McDonald, '^'2 each, vol. 47 ; fni
Evan Cooper, lo., per Nathan \Varrington, Agent, :,
vol. 47 ; from Hannah H. Dilks, Ind., S-2, vol. 47 ; fru
Moses Brown, City, $2, vol. 47 ; from Charles Darnt,
N. J., $2, vol. 47 ; from Sarah AUeson, O., per Mica'i
M. Morlan, Agent, $2, vol. 47; from Isaac Heaco ,
Pa., $2, vol. 47, and for Daniel Rote, $2, vol. 47 ; fro
Richard M. -'Vcton, N. J., $2, vol. 47, and for Williu"
C. Reeve, $2, vol. 47
$2, vol. 47.
from Charles EULs, Muncy, I ,
A Stated Annual Meeting of the Haverford Sch I
Association will be held at the Committee-room f
Arch St. Meeting-house, in Philadelphia, on Secoi-
day, 10th mo. 13th, 1873, at 3 o'clock, P. M.
Philip C. Garrett, Secretary
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
The Winter Session will open on the 3rd I
Eleventh month. Friends intending to send pupilEf
the Institution are requested to make early applicatl
to Aaron Sharpless, Sup't, Street Road P.
Chester Co., Pa., or to Charles J. Allen, Treasuij
304 Arch St., Philadelphia.
AVANTED
A teacher in the classical department on the bc'^
ide at Westtown School.
Application may be m.ade to
Thomas Conard, West Grove, Chester Ci
Joseph Walton, Philadelphia.
William Evans, "
Charles Evans, "
FRIENDS' BOARDING SCHOOL FOR INDl..
CHILDREN, TUNESASSA, NEW YORK.
A teacher of the school will be wanted at the ci
mencement of the Fall term.
Application may be made to
Flbenezer Worth, Marshallton, Chester Co., I
Joseph Scattergood, 413 Spruce St., Philada.
Aaron Sharpless, Street Road P. O., Clic. i
Co., Pa.
Thomas Wistar, Fox Chase P. O., Philada.
WANTED
A suitable woman Friend to act as Governess!
Westtown Boarding School, .\pply to
Rebecca S. .\llen, Philadelphia.
Sarah A. Richie, "
Susan E. Comfort, Knox St., Germanto\l
Lydia L. Walton, Moorestown, N. J.
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE.' ,
Near Frankford, (Twenty-third Ward,) Philadelphr. i
Physician and Superintendent — Joshua II. WoR'I*
inoton, M. D.
Applications for the Admission of Patients ma);*
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Boar(')f
Managers.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
I VOL. XLVII.
SEVENTH-DAY, TENTH MONTH 11, 1873.
NO. 8.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY,
'rice Two Dollars per annum, if paid in advance. Two
dollars and fifty cents, if not paid in advance.
Sub§rriptionB and Payments received by
JOHN S. STOKES,
AT NO. 116 NORTH FOURTH STREET
PHILADELPHIA.
np STAIRS,
'ostage, when paid quarterly in advance, five cents.
tVoin their talons. One day I di.sedvei-eil a
now depredator in the shape of a maf^nitieent
Sarcoramphus papa, tiie king of the vultures;
but be rose majcsticall}-, and soared away be-
fore I could get out mj- rifle. He was Ver}'
large, and in beautirul plumage, but I was get-
ting too hard up in ammunition to use my
shot-gun to secure him
For "The Friend."
Collecting India-Riibber.
(Continued from page .'>4.
"We should have lived well here, but that
ny ammunition was fast giving out, so that
ve were unable to kill much game. There
vere also plenty of the mono-chocoie (a monkey
vith long red hair and a short tail) to be shot
>n the shores of the succession of lagoons, or
akes of black water, opening out from the
■reek above. This kind of monkey is par-
icularly esteemed by the Indians. It may
le said that of all generally known meats
aoukey most resembles hare, being dark and
tringy."
" As the weather became drier, another
ilague increased upon us, niguas (jiggers).
ly neighbor, Merced Gil, told me that fn his
ight years' experience of the Upper Orinoco,
e never knew the waters so high as they
i^ere this season. There had been a slight
ubsidence, but now the water rose again.
ivery day and night we had heavy rain" and
n overcast sky. Turtle was generally plen-
iful, except at this time: wo only caught a
ew of the small species, ' terekya,' and ti,-.h
leeame scarcer. The flies were most trouble-
orae, — we could hardly preserve anything
rom their contamination. Even if the men
3ft a few small fish in the curiaras, in a verj-
tiort while they would be completely lifted
p by such masses of eggs as to resemble
oneyeomb. It would have seemed incredible
ad we not seen them. I was obliged to cover
le troughs in which I put the liquid rubber,
-> prevent its becoming embellished with self
nmolated blue-bottles. The bite of the scor-
ion of the Orinoco is not so painful as I had
nticipated, nor does it occasion any after bad
Tects. When I was stung, the smarting and
icompanying feeling of numbness was iTot so
i-eat as that caused by the sting of the forest
asp. Cockroaches, the irrepres.siblo pest of
)me parts of Tropical America, are not so
nmerous here. A kind of kite was a trreat
I consoled mj-self,
however, by thinking of the pangs of thirst
he would sutt'or after such a gorge of salt fish.
"Having looked up all thociringa trees
within the triangle of my paths, I continued
to tap them daily, as the weather permitted,
thouijh the result was not very satisfactoiy.
" 31st. — During tTie last week we had a visit
from a party of Marquiritaro, on their passage
home to the C'onuconumo. I thought tliis
was a good opportunity of sending Kogers to
procure more manioco ; he was of no use to
me here.
'•These Marquiritare are the most numer-
ous and important tribe at present on the
Upper Orinoco. They live chiefly on the
banks of the Conuconumo, Paramo, and other
tributaries on the right bank, and are much
fairer in complexion than the Indians of Ata-
bapo, or the Lower Orinoco : 1 heir plantations
of the zt/ca shrub are very extensive, and the
women make large quantities of manioco from
the root. Indians of this tribe frequently
visit the British settlements on the Demei-ara,
taking advantage of the proximity of the
head streams of the Ventuare, Caura, and
Caroni. Manj^ of the Marquiritare, who stop-
ped to see me as they passed, pronounced a
few English words -very distinctly. They
bring English trade-guns with them from
Demerara, for the Spanish Creoles, who pur-
chase them in preference to the trumpery
cocopctassold at the German stores at Oiudad
Bolivar. The Marquiritare are also one of
the famous tribes for the manufacture of the
urari jioison, and the beautj- and (juality of
their blow-tubes. They preserve the plumage
of beautiful birds for their feather-work, aiid
liammock fringes.
_ "A young Spanish Creole named Koja, with
his two women, worked for mo during Feb
ruary. I calculated a hundred trees for one
man's tapping as the amount of his daily
labor. A large herd of barquiro (wild hog)
wandered about my water-enclosed piece of
land. Sometimes they mischievously broke
up the palmleaf cups in which I caught the
ciringa milk, and we occasionally secured a
dinner from their ranks. With the addition
of Roja and his women to my comjiany, the
roof of my rancho aflorded scanty accommo-
dation, although they always slept outside
... o except the nights were rainy. Lately I had
uisance: besides the disagreeable squall of had the first touch of fever since leaving San
lese birds, they otien swooped down and Fernando; and about the 8th of February I
3 peU themselves to the salted fish, as it hung began to sufter much from extreme nausea
° ,'•>'' •'"'' sf^metimes succeeded in bear-land vomiting, which preliminary attack came
g ott large pieces in their claws, in spite of on in tho forest, whilst going my round of
'outs and sticks. I have seen them rising' tapping the ciringa. I was a^long way from
om the ground with a long snake dangling the puerto of the path where the canoe was
secured, and had great dilticulty in getting
there, as each time the fit of nausea returned,
I became ipiito powerless, and had to drop
down on the damp earth, and wait until tho
paroxysm was over. When I staggered to
my feet, my machete would get betwixt my
legs, and nearly capsize me again. Having at
length reached tho curiara, i endeavored to
paddle up the little branch creek to my lodge;
but the sun was too powerful for me, and I had
to scramble on shore again before I could make
the attempt to reach it. Fortunately, I was
now not far from it, as I was reduced to
crawling on my hands and knees, and the re-
mainder of my strength fast failing. How-
ever, eventually, I did reach the bench made
of split stems of the manae palm I used for a
bed. I remember little of what passed during
the/our daj'S that the constant nausea and
vomiting lasted. It is singular what an im-
pression tho slightest mark of kindness and
human sympathy makes on one in such an
extremity. I recollect one afternoon, as I
lay prostrate and incapable of moving, and
part of my back bared to the swarms of sand-
flies which filled tho air ; at that time a woman
of Hoja's entered, and seeing my condition,
she passed her cool sot't hands gently over my
burning brow and back, brushing away the
plagues. Although unable to thank her, 1
think I never felt so grateful for anything.
The Lidians firmly believed my sudden seizure
to have been caused by a sight of ' the littlo
pale man of the forest,' whom they say is a
little elfin sprite, appearing occasionally to
people alone in the forest, rising from its
abode among the roots of certain trees which
it particularly aftects. When visible, it is sup-
loosed to be the sure precursor of evil to tho
unlucky beholder, if not of his death. They
all considered me at that time to be a doomed
man. As I was unable to eat anything pro-
curable hero, my weakness increased. Tho
want of breeze was also another drawback,
for the currents of air that, from time to time,
sweep down the broad Orinoco, do not reach
the transverse bed of the tributary streams.
Roja and the two women continued to tap tho
trees, bringing in a littlo rubber daily. As I
became weaker, I felt that the only chance for
nie, and even that a small one, was to go an<l
spend a few days up the river, on tho more
breezy shore of the main Orinoco, at tho
rancho of my neighbor, Merced Gil. He and
his familj' were most kindly attentive, and ]
did get better. Strangely enough, the first
thing that stopped the continuous sickness
was a draught of gaurapo, made with tho
heated juice of sugar-cane. My host attributed
my illness to my having drunk two kinds of
water in the creek, Agua Negra and Agua
Blanca. At parting he gave me some of his
small store of the lino tobacco of the Cassi-
quiare.
"Rogers returned from Conuconumo in, ap-
parently, a very weak state, and said he had
been sick all the time he was away. He
58
THE FRIEND.
brought with him a little manioco and tobacco,
and more was to follow. It is when recover-
ing from illness here that one regrets the
absence of any beverage but water, and the
accompaniment of unpalatable solids in the
shape of crude flesh or fish, to be eaten with
the coarsest description of breadstuft'. I was
compelled to abandon my rancho up the creek,
it became so infested with niguas ; and had
another put up at the mouth, where a slab of
rock slopes down into the water. In order to
escape, in a measure, from the torment of
mosquitos, I had this one constructed with
the palm thatch down to the ground all round,
leaving only a'small hole (over which I hung
a blanket) for entrance. Here, in the dark,
I could enjoy a little rest in my chinchora,
when I came in tired from the forest.
"Eoja caught a sloth one morning in the
act of swimming across the creek. This was
the first time I ever tasted the flesh of this
curious animal, and although it was badly
cooked, it was really good eating. Next day
several fine wild hogs were shot, but we had
great difficulty in jerking the meat during the
rainy weather, for want of sun."
CTo be concluded.)
'The Friend."
For
Wanted— More Calebs.
The following is a selection from one of the
chapters under the above caption, of a recent
work entitled, " Heart Life : by T. L. Cuyler."
It thus portrays in lively, forcible example
the character of Caleb, that modest, meek,
undaunted, and faithful man.
" Who is Caleb ? I never heard of him.
That is quite possible; for in the Bible gallery
of characters, there are some modest people
whose presence we only discover as blind men
find out rose-bushes — by \heiv fragrance. Dor-
cas probably made no sensation in Joppa ; but
when Dorcas' fingers grew quiet under the
grave-clothes, Joppa found out what they had
lost, and the poor women came in and preach-
ed her funeral sermon in warm tear-drops on
her silent face. To this same class belong
Ezra, the scribe; and Hannah, the praying
mother ; and Andrew, who believed in per-
sonal effort; and Onesiphorus, who was not
ashamed of Paul's chain. Caleb stands in
this catalogue— a type of thorough-going ser-
vants of God, who do a great deal with but
little noise, who stand meekly and steadily at
their posts of duty, who never shirk their
share of toil and danger, who do not attract
much attention until they are gone! Then
how we miss them ! How the families in the
neighborhood suffer for the want of them!
How hard it is to get along without them !
Caleb's whole biography is condensed into
a few bright sentences. He was the chief-
tain of a clan in Israel, was selected as one of
the deputation to go down and spy out the
land of Canaan ; he came back helping to
carry the luscious load of Eshcol grajjes, and
made a strong report in favor of the immedi-
ate occupation of the land ; and when the
panic-stricken people clamored for retreat on
account of 'the giants there,' Caleb came to
the front and made a ringing speech, in the
face of poltroons who stood with stones in
their hands to batter him to the ground.
God's verdict on the man's steadfastness was
in these brief words: 'My servant Caleb will
I bring into the land, who hath followed »ic
faithfully.' In another passage it reads, 'He
hath followed mo wholly.' In still another it
is written, 'He hath followed me fully.' God
was as good as his word. "While the cowards
and the rebels all perished in the wilderness,
stout, steady old Caleb lived to own the beau-
tiful acres on the hills of Hebron, and in full
view of the verdant vale of Eshcol. When
the long march and the bloody war was over,
he tasted of the grapes of victory.
Caleb is the man most needed in our churches
in these latter days. He is the type-man for
thorough-going fidelity. He folio wed the Lord
fully. What we want to make churches vig-
orous and successful is, not bustle, but busi-
ness; not parade and pufterj', but patience,
prayer and persevering work. We want the
full following of Christ with the whole heart,
for the whole time, and for the whole life
campaign. Christ started his church on the
principle of entire consecration. On the door
way he wrote, ' Whosoever would follow me,
let him leave all!' Again he said, ' Ye cannot
serve God and mammon.' And again he said,
' He that is not for me is against me.' It was
thorough-going discipleship ornothing. 'Sell
all that thou hast and fi^low me,' frightened
the poor selfish young ruler back to his farm
and his fate. Christ would have no half-
hearted disciples. He sifted his followers,
and out of the whole number there remained
eleven men and a few faithful women to lay
the foundation of his church on the eve of
Pentecost.
To follow Jesus requires a whole-hearted
conversion at the start. Half-way converts
make half-way Christians. Some men's boughs
hano- over the church side of the wall, but
their roots arc on the world's side. Such bear
nothing but leaves. ' Many lay false and bast-
ard foundations,' said quaint old Rutherford;
' and they get Christ for as good as half noth
ing, and never had a sick night of sorrow for
sin. This maketh loose work.' True enough ;
and, unless the conversion is radical and tho-
rough, unless the submission of the soul to
Christ is without compromise and conditions
there will be halt'-heartedness and halting to
the last. Caleb, we are told, ' had another
spirit within him.'
Thorough going piety is thejirst requisite for
the church otirtcer. Thorough-goingpiety never
commutes with the Master for half-fare, never
whimpers, 'I pray thee, have me excused;'
never interprets the Bible in the lax and lati-
tudinarian sense; and when there is a doubt
in any point, gives God and not himself the
benefit of it. Such a Christian ' loves dut}',
even in all the wholesome severities of it.' If
his religion has ever a necessary pain or a
pinch in it, he bears it without flinching. He
never imitates Peter Pindar's pilgrim, who.
having been commanded to make a long jour-
ney with peas in his shoes, took the sly pre-
caution to boil his peas before he started.
Thousands are quite willing to go heavenward
with us provided they have a choice seat in
the cushioned car ; but commend me to the
Calebs who, discerning the land afar off' by
faith, are readj' for a lifetime march to reach
it, over rough roads and with stony pillows
for a bivouac.
We have said enough to indicate who the
Calebs are. They are the sinew of the church.
Blessed is the pastor ' who hath his quiver full
of them!' To those who inquire, 'How shall
mj'church be developed?' we answer: Ask God
lor more Calebs, and use such Calebs as you have.
Kemember, too, that a hundred half-christians
do not make a single whole one. Every
addition made to the weight of our own per-
sonal Christianity adds to the weight and mo-
mentum of the church of Christ."
Depth of the Atlantic Ocean. — The main
theatre of sounding operations has been the
Atlantic Ocean, which, from its relation to
the leading commercial nations, and for inter-
continental telegraphic purposes, has been I
more carefully surveyed than any other great
body of water. Open from pole to pole, par-
ticipating in all conditions of climate, com-
municating freely with other seas, and cover-j
ing 30,0UU,000 square miles, it is believed to I
represent general oceanic conditions, and to I
contain depths nearly, if not quite, as great as '
the other ocean basins of the world, although!
but little is known, it is true, in this respecti
of the Indian, Antarctic and Pacific seas. Thei
general result of its soundings would indicate .
that the average depth of the Atlantic bed ie
not much more than 12,000 feet, and there |
seems to be few depressions deeper than l.x-
000 or 20,000 feet, a little more than the heighi
of Mont Blanc. Dr. Thomson sums up the
general results of the Atlantic soundings ae
follows: "In the Arctic Sea there is deep
water reaching to 9000 feet to the west anc
southwest of Spitzbergen. Extending from
the coast of Norway, and including Iceland
the Faroe Islands, Shetland and Orkney j
Great Britain and h-e!and, and the bedofths
North Sea to the coast of France, there is t
wide plateau, on which the depth rarelj ^
reaches 3000 feet; but to the west of Icelanc (
and communicating doubtless with the deef
water in the Spitzbergen Sea, a trough 50(|
miles wide, and, in some places, nearly 12,00(
feet deep, curves along the east coast of Green
land. This is the path of one of the grea
Arctic currents. After sloping gradually to
a depth of 3000 feet to the westward of th
coast of Ireland, in latitude 52 degrees, th
bottom suddenly dips 10,000 feet at the rat
of 15 to 19 feet in the 100, and from this poini
to within about 200 miles of the coast of New
foundlaud, when it begins to shoal again, ther
is a vast undulating submarine plain, avera§
ing about 12,000 feet in depth below the sui
face — the "telegraphic plateau." A valle
about five hundred miles wide, and with
mean depth of fifteen thousand feet, stretchi.
from off" the southwest coast of Ireland, alon
the coast of Europe, dipping into the Bay c
Biscay, past the Strait of Gibraltar, and alon I
the west coast of Africa. Opposite the Cap
de Verde Islands it .seems to emerge into
slightly deeper trough, which occupies th
axis of the south Atlantic, and passes into tb,
Antarctic Sea. A nearly similar valley curve;
around the coast of North America, aboui
12,000 feet in depth, oft' Newfoundland anj
Labrador, and becoming considerably deepi
to the southward, where it follows the outlin'
of the coast of the States and the Bahama ai
Windward Island.s, and finally joins the cei
tral trough of the South Atlantic off the coa
of BraziC with a depth of 15,000 feet.— Po^M<i
Science Monthly.
♦-•
Slum delays, they breed remor.se ;
Take thy thne while time is lent thee ;
Creeping snails have weakest force ;
Fly their fault, lest thou repent thee.
Good is best when soonest wrought,
Lingering labors come to naught.
The Lord useth his flail of afliiction
separate the chaff" from the wheat.
THE FRIEND.
59
For "The Frii-nd "
John neald.
CContiniied frnm papp 51.)
1st mo. Stli. 1817. '■ ^Ye had a meeting to
iaj' at Turner's Swamp, and more people than
I small meetinij;-house would hold. My mind
sras under a weight of exercise, and in a while
[ stood up and said a gracious invitation of
)ur Lord had engaged mj- attention, where
le said: 'Come unto me all ye that labor and
ire heavy laden and I will give you rest,' or
p-e shall find rest for your souls. A house-
lolder went out early in the morning to hii-e
aborers into his vineyard. This may rcpre-
lent the time of youth. They are invited in
ove and tenderness to enter into the labor,
3ut there is much excusing and putting off.
rhis we may see to be dangerous, if we con-
sider, that He who knows all things, has num-
bered the days of these, and that perhaps they
ire but few ; and in mercy He has offered for
their acceptance the gracious visitation, in
jrder, that if they close in therewith they
might be prepared to be everlastingly happj"
in mansions of bliss. Much pressing invita-
tion was held out to the people, and I believe
many were deeply impressed.
In the afternoon we travelled to Holly
Spring, at the widow Pharaba Horn's. Widows
and orphans are very numerous in the parts
we have been in since we left Richmond, in
Virginia, and continue so yet. We were told
in one place that a dozen widows in a country
place could be found within two miles.
9th. Were at the meeting. It was thin and
in a small house, and all seemed to be closed
up.' Silence continued, and I thought was to
be so to the end. At length it presented to
my mind to say: if this meeting had ended in
silence, it would not have been the first, by
many, where notice had been given that I
wanted to see the people in a certain neigh-
borhood. I had no doubt but that if, in that
situation, I were to go into activity, I should
ibring condemnation on myself, and not profit
others. Going on from this subject to some-
,thing else, I continued (though I thought in
much weakness) endeavoring to attend to
what opened. At length the power of Truth
rose high into dominion, and the minds of the
people as well as my own, I believe were
humbled, and my soul thankfully blessed the
Lord. The sincere were encouraged to faith-
fulness, and the negligent were stirred up,
under a sense of the danger they were in, in
continuing negligent. This meeting with its
attending change of exercise, and the help
experienced in time of need, is worthy to be
commemorated.
11th. Attended the Monthl}^ Meeting. In
the silent part I rejoiced in secret that I was
[allowed to enjoy the common lot of all, thi
opportunity of improving in silence, and en
joying a comfortable, peaceful solemnity.
who are mourning in secret. I concluded with no pretensions to religion?' What will these
encouraging the true travailing seed to labor excuses do, when these know that they have
on to attain that situation wlierein their souls felt remorse and condemnation in themselveB
could feelini^ly say: 'Thv will be done, O [for doing wronc, have felt the reproofs of in-
Fat her!' Then they would be in
acceptable worship.
Here the marriage of Aaron Overman and
Mary Woodward was accomplished, the first
I ever saw on First-day.
We went home with Thomas Edgerton who
lived in the neighborhood of Naughhunty,
where wo had a meeting next day. In it I
was deeply exercised in setting forth the man-
ner, working and operation of the ministry,
and the workings of the dark powers to in-
duce people into an activity that arises from
inijiressions on the imagination, and from the
transformation of our common adversary into
an angel of light. It is not so easy a way as
some may have imagined to go in, but requires
great attention lest we be deceived. In the
conclusion I invited the dear youth to close
i n with offered mercy, as bei ng the most likely
way to escape danger, and many snares, temp-
tations and delusions. We parted with love
and good will one for another. This after-
noon we crossed over Ncuse river to Thomas
Cox's.
14th. Attended Nouse Meeting. It was
thronged. At the first I seemed to myself to
be a blank, and without anything to do more
than to wait patiently and to hope for what
might be best. After some lime I was intro-
duced to much close labor, and when waj-
opened, I began with saying, I desire to be of
the number who quietly wait and patiently
hope for the salvation of God, and who have
no confidence in the flesh, Init who walk in
the spirit, and pray with the Spirit, for we
know not what to pray for as we ought, but
the spirit itself helpeih our infirmities. We
have need to attend carefully thereto, and
with all diligence to make our calling and
election sure. God, who at sundry times and
divers manners, spoke to the fathers by the
prophets, hath in these last days spoken to us
b)- His Son, whom He hath appointed heir of
ail things. We ought to attend to His in-
struction, for Moses said unto the fathers, a
prophet shall the Lord, your God, raise up unto
you of your brethren, like unto mo, Him shall
yo hear in all things, whatsoever Ho shall say
unto you ; and whosoever will not hear that
prophet shall be cut off from among the peo-
ple ; and that prophet, which is Christ the
Lord, declared, the hour conieth and now is
when they who worship the P\ither must wor-
ship Him in spirit and in truth, for such the
Father seeketh to worship Him. But we
must serve Him faithfully, we must believe
that Ho is, and that He is a rewardcr of all
them that diligently seek Him; wo must have
faith, for the apostle expressly saith, that
without faith it is impossible to please God ;
dead, and works
without fiiith are dead also. After much had
been said, and the minds of the people were
weightily impressed, they were referred to
their own situation at that time; too negli-
ucent, too foriretful and inattentive. The meet
III
ing concluded solemnly, with an app°al to all
to be faithful, both the professors of religion,
and those who made no profession. For when
these are called to an account, will they then
say, 'Lord I did not pretend nor profess to
serve thee ; I intended to gratify mj'self and
to indulge in those thinijs which I thought
the act of|struction therefor? Can these believe that
they will be acquitted? After recommending
them to tiod, and the word of His grace, which
is able to build them up, and to give them an
inheritance among the sanctified, I bid them
farewell."
Under date of the 19th. John Heald makes
the following entry in his journal. " I think
I shall feel best satisfied to obsei've respecting
a custom I have met with a few times at
meals, to sit silent from 15 miTiutes to an hour.
Wherever I have met with this, it has uni-
formly appeared to me to be performed under
the appearance of a sanctified show, and with-
out any real religion in it — a mere pretension.
I have seen no manner of use in these long
silent opportunities at meals ; but a pause,
wherein we may feel thankful, grateful sensa-
tions to arise in our minds, is I think com-
mendable and right ; but to continue it to such
a length is an excess which I wish to be done
away. On sitting down to meals, an indi-
vidual may feel a necessity to speak to en-
courage to faithfulness, or to supplicate for
favor, or to praise the Giver of all good ; but
the practice before alluded to appears to me
to be an empty, dry, formal performance with-
out life."
Some weeks after this, John Heald describes
a particular instance of the practice he repro-
bates, which may properlj' be inserted here,
though out of the order of the time. He says :
" In the course of the evening, a little past 7
o'clock, we were asked to supper. We went
and sat down ; and though after sitting awhile
still and silent, I and my companion moved to
show that we were ready and willing to go to
eating, yet the man sat still. After sometime
my companion signified that if any one had
anything to say, it would be well to say it,
and let the silence be discontinued ; but still
the sitting continued, until, about 20 minutes
past 9, the clock standing in the room, my
companion spoke again saj-ing ho wished to
be excused fi-om sitting any longer in that
trj-ing situation, and he thought it was so
with some of the rest. I thereupon arose and
said, I hoped I should be excused, and walked
out of doors. I was by this time very cold,
so I walked to the fire, and stood some time
and warmed, and then sat down, and at length
they, without one sentence of religious com-
munication, prepared to oat. I was asked to
go to the table, but I told thorn I wished to
be excused. My companion wont, and when
they were done, I soon after asked to go to
bed, and being not so well as common, and
withal tired, I soon went to sleep."
(To be coutiniu-d.)
12th, being F'irst-day, many others came] but faith without works
and the meeting was large and crowded. I
found it necessary to labor to a large extent
lin manj^ words to stir up the careless who are
satisfying or endeavoring to satisfy them-
selves with thinking they believe what good
people believe in, and practise what they ap-
i prove as to the outward, and are not engaged
I to live near to the fountain so as to partake
of it; but live on the surface, and indulge in
ease, and are not qualitiod to bear their share
I of the burthen of the day, and instead of help
ing to bear up the weight, they are adding to ^
the burthen the travailing ones have to bear,! would delight my inclination. I have made
London Milk. — Sixty-two samples of this
article, which were obtained from as many
dairies and milkshops in Marylebone district,
bad been carefully analyzeJ ; and of these l)r.
Whitmore found twenty-two to be genuine,
fifteen deteriorated, and twenty-five adulter-
ated. Of the genuine samples some were ex-
ceedingly rich in all nutritive constituents;
others were not so. and these he termed "poor
milk." Deteriorated milk was of that quality
which had been deprived of its nutritive pro-
jierties to some extent in one or two ways —
either b)' allowing it to remain for some time
in shallow vessels and then skimming off" a
60
THE FRIEND.
portion of its cream, or b_y drawing off what
in the trade is called "toppings" — a process
which is effected in the following manner: —
Tall cans, holding from eight to ten gallons,
are filled with milk as it comes from the cow,
and these are allowed to remain undisturbed
from two to three hours, or probably longer,
during which time the cream and a portion
of the curd are gradually rising to the surface,
thus rendering the upper half much richer
than the lower. This upper half is then di-awn
oft' by means of a tap fixed in the middle of
the can, and sold to the public as '• nursery
milk" at an increased price, while the milk
left in the can is vended as ordinary new milk,
free from adulteration, no doulit, but fraudu-
lently and most dishonestly deteriorated in
quality. Of the adulterated samples examined
Ly Dr. Whitmore, none contained such mat-
ter as chalk, anatto, tragacanth, or starch ;
the only thing employed was water, and this
had been added in various quantities. In one
or two of the worst cases, however, it was
found that the water amounted to 75 per cent.
— that is to every quart of milk, at least a
pint and a half of water had been added. —
Leisure Hour.
Preferring Christ to Ornaments. — In a letter
from A. Judson, a christian missionary in
Burmah, addressed to American females, is
the following anecdote :
A Karen woman offered herself for bap-
tism. After the usual examination, I inquired
whether she could give up her ornaments for
Christ. It was an unexpected blow. I ex-
plained the spirit of the gospel, and appealed
to her own consciousness of vanity. I then
read to her the apostle's prohibition. (1 Tim.
ii. 9.) She looked again and again at her
handsome necklace, and then, with an air of
modest decision that would adorn beyond all
ornaments any of my sisters whom I have
the honor of addressing, she took it off, say-
ing, "I love Christ more than this."
Impurity of Drinking- Water. — Set a pitcher
of iced water in a room inhabited, saj'S a
writer in To-day, and in a few hours it will
have absorbed nearly all the perspired gases
of the room, the air of which will have become
purer, but the water utterly filthy. This de-
pends on the fiict that water has the faculty
of condensing and thereby absorbing nearly
all the gases, which it does without increasing
its own bulk. The colder the water is, the
greater its capacity to contain these gases.
At ordinary temperature, a pint of water will
contain a pint of carbonic acid gas, and several
pints of ammonia. The capacitj' is nearly
doubled by reducing the temperature to that
of ice. Hence water kept in the room awhile
is always unfit for use, and should be often
removed, whether it has liecome warm or not.
And for the same reason water in a pump
should all be pumped out in the morning be-
fore any is used. That which has stood in a
pitcher over night is not 6t for coffee water
in the morning. Impure water is more in-
jurious to health than impure air, and every
person should provide the means of obtaining
fresh and pure water for all domestic use.
Truth is truth though all men forsake it —
it still remains unchanged the same, and its
own excellence will recommend it, even
though the conduct of its jprofessors does not.
BE STILL IN GOD.
Be still in God ! Who rests on Him
Enduring peace shall know,
And with a spirit fresh and free
Through life shall cheerily go.
Be still in faith ! Forbear to seek
Where seeking nanght avails,
Unfold thy soul to that pure light
From heaven, which never fails.
Be still in love ! Be like the dew
That, falling from the skies.
On meadows green, in thou.sand cups,
At morning twinkling lies!
Be still in conduct, striving not
For honor, wealth, or might!
AVho in contentment breaks his bread
Finds favor in God's sight.
Be still in sorrow ! " As God wills !"
Let that thy motto be.
Submissive 'neath His strokes receive
His image stamped on thee.
Be still in God ! Who rests on Him
Enduring peace shall know,
And with a spirit glad and free
Through night and grief shall go.
Selected.
Selected.
WASTED FOUNTAINS.
Though the transient springs have fail'd thee.
Though the founts of youth are dried.
Wilt thou among the mouldering stones
In weariness abide?
Wilt thou sit among the ruins,
With all words of cheer unspoken,
Till the silver cord is loosen'd,
And the golden bowl is broken?
Up and onward ! Toward the east,
Green oases thou shall find, —
Streams that rise from higlier sources
Than the pools thou leavest behind.
Life has import more inspiring
Than the fancies of thy youth :
It has hopes as high as heaven ;
It has labor, it has truth ;
It has wrongs that may be righted,
Noble deeds that may be done,
Its great battles are unfought,
Its great triumphs are unwon.
Anne C. Lynch.
For " The Friend.'
Ditl They Enter the Promised Land ?
The children of Israel vrere brought out of
Egypt and from the dominion of Pharoah and
his cruel task-masters with a high hand and
an stretchedout arm, and with great judg-
ments— with many miracles and evidences of
Omni]K>tent Power; but did they enter the
promised land ?
It is written for our instruction, that "God
led the ]ieople about through the way of the
wilderness of the Red Sea;'' going ''before
them by day in a pillar of cloud," "and by
night in a pillar of fire:" " he took not away
the pillar of cloud by day, nor the pillar of
fire by night from before the people :" But did
they enter the promised land?
By commandment — perhaps to make His
marvellous mercy more manifest — they en-
camped between Migdol and the sea, over
against Baal Zephon. And when Pharoah,
whose hardened heart led him, with his host,
to pursue after them, drew nigh, the children
of Israel, being sore afraid, cried unto the Lord;
who said unto them, " Fear ye not, stand still,
and see the salvation of the Lord, which he
will show you to-day : for the Egyptians whom
ye have seen to-day, ye shall see them again
no more forever. The Lord shall fight for
you and ye shall hold your peace." But not-
withstanding all this ; did they get to the pro-
mised land ?
"And the Lord said unto Moses," " speak ^
unto the children of Israel, that they go for-:
ward : but lift thou up thy rod, and stretchi
out thy hand over the sea, and divide it," &o.i
And so it was that the children of Israel walked'
upon dry land in " the midst of the sea ; and:
the waters were a wall unto them on their
right hand and on their left :" but " the watersi
returned and covered the chariots, and the'
horsemen, and all the host of Pharoah (for
they pursued after them into the depths of
the sea) : there remained not so much as one
of them." Thus the Lord in miraculous pro-
vidence and with almight}' power again res-
cued Israel ! Who " saw that great work which
the Lord did upon the Egyptians ; and it is
added, the people feared the Lord, and believed
the Lord, and his servant Moses. Yet for all
this they did not inherit the inheritance pro-!
mised them if faithful.
After this is the record, " Then sang Mosee>
and the children of Israel this song — not aH
given here— unto the Lord:" "I will sing
unto the Lord, for he bath triumphed glori-
ouslj' : the horse and his rider hath he throwr
into the sea. The Lord is my strength and
song, and he is become my salvation : he if,
my God, and I will prepare him an habitation:|
my father's God, and I will exalt him." " Thyl
right hand, O Lord, is become glorious ic!
power." "Thou in thy mercy hast led forth
the people which thou hast redeemed." "Thou
shalt bring them in, and plant them in the'
mountain of thy inheritance, in the place. C;
Lord, which thou hast made for thee to dwel
in ; in the sanctuary, O Lord, which thy hands
have established. The Lord shall reign for
ever and ever." '
Surely after such marvellous displays m
Heavenly condescension and mercj' ; aftei
having been delivered from their cruel ene
raies, been brought up from the depths of th«
sea, and a new song put into their mouths
this people might have some ground to hope
and believe that their Lord's grace and hel|:
would not fail, but be continued to them un
changed to the end of the race! That
" He who had kept them hitherto,
Would keep them all their journey through."
But the Lord's ways are not as our ways
Though merciful and gracious, long-suffering
and abundant in goodness and truth; forgiv
ing iniquity and transgression and sin. He wil
by no means clear the guilty; but demonstra
ting, in the case of this people, the apostolit
scripture: " "Whosoever shall keep the wholt
law, and yet offend in one point, he is guilt}
of all." May it never be forgotten that, now
as then, it is " the willing and obedient" whc
shall eat of the good of the land ; that it h
those who take the Saviour's yoke upon them
and lear-n of Him meekness and lowliness ol
heart, that He will make His yoke easy to
and His burden litrht; that it is not those whc )
cry "Lord, Lord," but such as do the will ol
His Father who is in heaven, that shall entei
and dwell there. "The carnal mind \s enmity,
against God ;" and such were tho.se Israelites
The Psalmist thus describes them: "The)
lusted exceedingly in the wilderness, and
tempted God in the desert." "Theyforgal
God theirSaviour, which had done great things
in Egypt." " Wherefore," says He in the wordt
of the apostle, "I was grieved with that gen
eration, and said, They do always err in theii
THE FRIEND.
61
eart; and the}' have not known m_y wa.yH.
0 1 sware iu my wrath, They shall not enter
ly rest."
Alter this the children of Israel cried unto
le Lord, because they could not drink of the
aters of .Mara, for they were bitter. xVnd
le Lord showed Moses a tree, which when
e had cast into the waters, they were made
Teet. At which time their Heavenly Father
proved them," and said, ''If thiui wilt dili
ently hearken to the voice of the Lord thy
od, and wilt do that which is right in ids
crht, and wilt give ear to his commandments,
od keep all his statutes, I will put none of
lose diseases upon thee, which I have brought
pon the Egyptians: for 1 am the Lord that
ealeth thee." The next murmuring of this
eople was for want of bread ; which was sup-
lied by "the quails," and by "the dew."
The Lord spake unto Moses, saying, I have
eard the murmurings of the children of
srael : speak unto them, saying, At even ye
hall cat Hcsh, and in the morning ye shall be
,Ued with bread ; and ye shall know that I
m the Lord your God." This bread was the
janna, which would not keep, but had to be
;aily gathered, which the children of Lsrael
id eat forty years; and of which the Lord
lOmraandeda portion to be kept for succeed-
og generations ; " that thej- may see the bread
irherewith I have fed you in the wilderness,
.fhen I brought you- forth from the land of
5gypt." After this, at Rephidim, water was
Tought out of the rock, at the command of
jhe Lord, for the people to drink. Here it
ras that Moses, the chosen leader of His peo-
ile, did not duly magnify the Lord God of
srael; for which otleiice he was forbidden to
Dter Canaan, though in condescension, he had
, Pisgah view of that blessed temporal in-
leritance granted him. Next Amalek was
ivereome by Joshua, through the holding up of
loses' hands. But notwithstanding all these
leliverances, miracles and mercies, which had
lever before been done to any people, Israel
v&s not permitted to enter the rich land of
iromise.
Upon leaving Eephidim, the children of
'srael next came into the desert of Sinai, and
here camped before the mount. Here Moses
v&a commanded of the Lord to speak thus
into them : " Ye have seen what I did unto
he Egyptians, and how I bare you on eagles
vings, and brought you unto myself. Now,
iherefore, if ye will obey my voice indeed,
md keep my covenant, then ye shall be apecu-
iar treasure unto me above all people : for all
he earth is mine : and ye shall be unto me a
tingdom of priests, and an holy nation." Here
ilso the Lord God descended upon the moun-
ain in fire, in the sight of all the people ; and
,he whole mount quaked greatly. Here too,
he ten commandments were given ; and here
vas proclaimed, " In all places where I record
ny name, I will come unto thee, and I will
)le88 thee. And if thou wilt make me an
r.ltar of stone, thou shalt not build it of hetcii
tone: for if thou lift up thy tool upon it, thou
last polluted it. Neither shalt thou go up
■y steps unto mine altar," kc. It was in .Sinai
ikewise that these requisitions, promises and
ilessings were made: " The fii'st of the first
ruits of thy land thou shalt bring into the
lOuse of the Lord thy God." " Behold, I send
.n Angel before thee, to keep thee in the way,
,nd to bring thee into the place which I have
irepared. Bewai'e of him, and obey his voice,
U'ovoke him not ; for he will not pardon your
transgressions : for my name is in him. But
if thou shalt indeed obey his voice, and do all
that I speak ; then will I be an enemj- unto
thy enemies, and an adversary unto thine ad-
versaries." But despite Sinai's thunder and
Sinai's protfered mercies, with the promise
especially of the Angel of the Lord's presence
to go before them, the children of Israel would
not obey His voice, but made a golden calf
and said, "Those be thy gods, O Israel, which
brought thee up out of the land of Egy|)t. '
They corrupted themselves, and were rebel-
lious and stiff-necked, and made covenants
with the original possessors of the land ; and
sutfered the salt of the covenant of their God
to be lacking in their offerini,'s ; so that the
anger of the Lord was kindled against them.
Hence, notwithstanding they were urged by
the two faithful spies, Joshua and Caleb, to
go up and possess the " exceeding good land,"
"a land which floweth with milk and hone}-,"
they were too obstinate and contumacious,
and thence never entered therein.
After this Nadab and Abihu, the sons of
Aaron, oftered strange fire before the Lord, or
which he commanded them not: and they for
this died before the Lord. Which gave rise
to the saying from Moses to Aaron, -This is
that the Lord spake, saying, I will be sancti-
fied in them that come nigh me, and before all
the people I will be glorified." The command
also followed from" the Lord unto Moses,
" Speak unto Aaron thy brother, that he come
not at all times into the holy place within the
vail, before the mercy-seat which is upon the
ark, that he die not." And in offering his bullock
of the sin-offering, Aaron was first to make an
atonement for himself, and for his household,
and then for all the congregation of Israel.
Lastly, for time would fail to sum up all the
striking points in the history of this interest-
ing yet backsliding people, they were thus
solemnly charged by Moses from the mouth
of the Lord, siiggestive as having application
for all time: — "I am the Lord your God.
After the doings of the land ol' Egypt, where-
in ye dwelt, shall ye not do: and after the
doings of the land of Canaan, whither I bring
you, shall ye not do; neither shall ye walk in
their ordinances. Ye shall do my judgments,
and keep mine ordinances, to walk therein:
I am the Lord your God. Ye shall therefore
keep my statutes and my judgments; which,
if a man do, he shall live in them : I am the
Lord."
After all the warnings, the judgments, the
promises, the deliverances, the loving-kind-
nesses of the I Am of this people to them, how
sorrowful and solemn is the reflection that,
save two, none of all those who came out of
Egypt were permitted to enter the promised
land. These were Joshua, the son of Nun, a
young man, who departed not out of the taber-
nacle; and Caleb, the son of Jephunneh, of
whom his Lord said, " My servant Caleb will
I bring into the land, who hath followed me
faithfuily."
Well, does not this painful reminiscence
contain a grave admonition to us and to our
children to flee from the wrath to come ; to
not be satisfied with saying with some former-
ly, "We have eaten and'drunk in thy pre-
sence, and thou hast taught in our streets;"
or presumptuously, " When saw we Thee an
hungered, or athirst, or a stranger, etc., and
did not minister unto Thee." Deep and earn-
est is the call to " Watch unto prayer with all
perseverance;" to fear, lest by any means as
the serpent beguiled Eve through hissubtility,
so our minds should be corrupted from the
simplicity that is in Christ. He who has
manilosted himself to us by His light, called
us by His grace, pleaded with us by His Spirit,
is a' God of justice as well as of mercy, and
will by no means spare the guilty. After all
that has been done for us — for whom the Sa-
viour sufVercd and liled — let us take heed to
have the lamps trimmed and the loins girded,
lest through tardiness, nnwalchfulness, or the
want of whole-heartedness, we enter not the
prepared and holy rest. " I verily believe,"
says one who joined this Society by convince-
ment, '• that if we attain true Christianity, we
must not relax from earnestly asjiiring and
striving after a far more holy state, than what
is cominoidy accounted (even l>y high jnofes-
sors) a safe one." Israel had her time, her
calls, her covenants, her privileges, her opjior-
tunities ! So hast thou, — mcire and greater, —
even line upon line and precept u])on prece])t
— instriimentally frcjin those anointed and
qualified, and immediately from the Living
Fountain of exhaustless grace. Most of'^/tej/i
fell short of the promised inheritance: see to
it that thou miss not the prize of salvation.
It is no light thing to perish. •' I am the Lord
that healeth thee."
Curiosities of Tree rianting.
A proverb of northwest India declares that
three things make a man to bo truly a man —
to have a son born to him, to dig a well and
to plant a tree. It is impossible for the un-
travclled Englishman to realize the misery of
a treeless country. Europe has no natural
deficiency of trees; hence bridge-building took
the place of the old Aryan tree-planting as au
act of piety to God and of duty to the future
in the counsels of tho early Christian teachers
of tho European nations. Both in the cast
land west trees were no doubt the fir.-t tem-
ples, and the planting of groves was the pri-
mitive form of church building. Abraham,
we are told, planted a grove in Beershelia to
commemorate his solemn covenant ; but
amongst his descendants it became in time
tho mark of a pious ruler to "cut down tho
groves," as the seats of pagan worship, the
mark of a careless ruler to leave them un-
touched, and the mark of an impious riiler to
plant and dedicate new groves. It is not
hard to find reasons why the grove naturally
became the first temple. Men were no doubt
impressed with tho hoary age of trees com-
pared with the short life of man. A tree was
often the centre around which each succeed-
ing generation deposited its traditions — a vis-
ible bond uniting the departed with the living,
and the living with the unborn. Tho cool,
grateful shade of trees was a natural ty])e of
the graciousness the worshijiers sought, for
from the power they worshi])ped, especially
in Eastern lands, where shadow is so jireci-
ous and so exceptional. The yearly new birth
and death of their foliage was a national sym-
bol of human life. The darkness and density
of the grove we must add, hid the obscenities
and cruelties whicli belonged to the darker
developments of heathen worship.
When an Englishman who has been long
absent from his fatherland again catches his
first glimpse of its roadsides and fields through
tho windows of a railway carriage, i)erhaps
nothing strikes him so forcibly as the pictur-
esqueness and the sparseness of the trees. He
has seen trees in level lands stretching for
62
THE FRIEND.
miles like a thin diaphauous wall in dull uni-
formity ; now ho sees them merely dotted
here and there upon the landscape, but each
tree is more or loss of a picture in itself Or
he has seen in mountain lands every spot of
available earth seized upon to supply life to a
cherry tree, a walnut tree, a pear tree; he has
seen fruit trees everywhere lining the roads
and fields, instead of hedges, and probably
wondered if English lads could pass to and
fro everj-daj- under lu-cious chei'ries or pears
and leave them untasted ; now he sees noth-
ing but solitary trees or scattered groups,
which look as if they had planted themselves
out of whim or playfulness just where they
pleased, not one of which can bring any
inonej- to its proprietor except by its destruc-
tion. Give a German or Swiss Bauer the ten-
ancy of an English farm, and he would at
once begin to arrange himself an orchard out
of the mere unused corners and slices of land
he would almost certainly find in its fields and
along its boundary lines 1 must leave it to
adepts to determine whether he would show
himself a good or a bad agriculturist bj^ his
activity.
Tree-planting has, in fact, retained in Ger-
many longer than elsewhere something of its
occult character, binding toijether religion,
nation and family. In the Vosgesen the old
German farmers were not allowed to marry
until they had done something for the future
good of the tribe by planting a certain num-
ber of walnut-trees. When the amiable and
liberal Oberlin was pastor of VValdbach, in the
Steinthal, he set forward this old custom of
tree-planting as a Christian duty.
Tree-planting is as necessary a part in manj'
German rejoicings as it has been of French
rejoicings during each revolution epoch. The
Trees of Liberty, however, were often plant-
ed to die — actually as well as metaphorically.
I have seen trees of this kind, stripped of all
but a crown of leaves, planted in German
Switzerland to mark a local festival. The
poor people of the village of Cleversulzback
gathered together on the 10th of November,
1859, round the grave of Schiller's mother,
and marked the birthday of her son bj- plant-
ing a lime tree "in the soil that covers the
heart that loved him best." — Chambers' Jour-
nal.
For "The Frieml."
The following letter written by John Newton
in 1796, to a friend then on a visit to Rome,
will probably interest, as well as be instruc-
tive to some of the readers of '• The Friend."
"The true Christian, in strict propriety of
speech, has no home here; he is, and must be,
a stranger and prilgrim upon earth : his citi-
zenship, treasure, and real home are in a bet-
ter world ; and every step he takes, whether
to the east or to the west, is a step nearer to
hi3 Father's house. On the other hand, when
in the path of duty, he is al ways at home ; for
the whole earth is the Lord's; and as we see
the same sun in England or Italy, in Europe
or Asia; so wherever he is, he equally sets
the Lord always before him; and finds him-
self equally near the Throne of Grace, at all
times and in all places. God is everj'wherc;
and, by faith in the great .Mediator, he dwells
in God, and God in him. To him, that line
of Horace may be applied in the best sense :
' Ca-htm, mil aniinum mulaiil, qui transmare current.'
" I trust, that you will cai'iy out, and bring
home with you, a determination similar to
that of the patriarch Jacob, who vowed a
vow, saj'ing: 'If God will be with me, and
will keep me in the way that I go, and will
give me bread to eat and raiment to put on,
so that I come again to my father's house in
peace, then shall the Lord be my God!' May
the Lord himself write it on j-our heart!
"You are now at Eome, the centre of the
fine arts ; a place abounding with every
thing to gratify a person of your taste.
Athens had the pre-eminence in the apostle
Paul's time, and I think it highl}- probable,
from man J' passages in his writings, that he
likewise had a taste capable of admiring and
relishing the beauties of painting, sculpture,
and architecture, which he could not but ob-
serve during his abode in that citj'; but then
he had a higher, a spiritual, a divine taste,
which was greatly shocked and grieved by
the ignorance, idolatry, and wickedness which
surrounded him, insomuch that he could at-
tend to nothing else. This state, which can-
not be acquired by any effort or study of
ours, but is freely bestowed on all who sin-
cerely ask it of the Lord, divests the vanities
which the world admires of their glare; and
enables us to judge of the most splendid and
specious works of man who knew not God,
according to the declaration of the prophet:
' They hatch cockatrice's eggs, and weave the
spider's web.' iluch ingenuity is displayed in
the weaving of a cobweb : but, when finished,
it is worthless and useless. Incubation re-
quires close diligence and attention ; if the
hen be too long from her nest, the egg is
spoiled ; but why should she sit at all upon
the egg and watch it, and warm it night and
day, it it only produces a cockatrice at last?
" Thus vanity or mischief are the chief
rulers of unsanctifled genius : the artists spin
webs ; and the philosophers, by their learned
speculations, hatch cockatrices, to poison
themselves and their fellow-creaUires : inv; of
either sort have one serious thought of that
awful eternity, upon the brink of which they
stand for a while, and into the depth of which
they successively fall.
"A part of the sentence denounced against
the city which once stood upon seven hills, is
so pointed and graphical, that I must trans-
crihe it ; ^ And the voice of harpers, and musi-
cians, and pipers, and trumpeters, shall be heard
no more at all in thee ; and no craftsman, of
ivhatso'ever craft he be, shall be found any more
in thee : and the light of a candle shall no
MORE BE SEEN IN THEE.' Now, I am informed,
that, upon certain occasions, the whole cu-
pola of St. Peter's is covered with lamps, and
affords a very magnificent spectacle : if I saw
it, it would remind me of that time when
there will not be the shining of a single candle
in the city ; for the sentence must be execut-
ed, and the hour ma}' be approaching —
' Sic transit gloria mundi.'
" You kindlj' inquire after mj- health ; my-
self and family are, through the divine favor,
perfectly well; yet health}- as I am, I labor
under a growing disorder, for which there is
no cure ; I mean old age. I am not sorry it
is a mortal disease, from which no one re-
covers ; for who would live alvvays in such a
world as this, who has a scriptural hope of an
inheritance in the world of light ? I am now
J in my seventj'-second j-ear, and seemed to
I have lived long enough for m3-seU'. I have
known something of the evil of life, and
have had a large share of the good. I know
what the world can do, and what it cannot do
it can neither give nor take away that pteai.
of God ivhich passeth all understanding : i
cannot soothe a wounded conscience, nor ei
able us to meet death with comfort. Tha
you, my dear sir, may have an abiding an
abounding experience that the Gospel is
catholicon, adapted to all our wants and al
our feelings, and a suitable help when ever
other help fails, is the sincere and arden
praj'er of your affectionate fiiend.
' John Newton."
(•
For "The Friend." I
Circular of the Bible Association of Friends in|
America. 1
In again calling the attention of Auxiliariri
to the Annuiil (Queries to be answered pwl
vious to the general meeting of the Associf]
tion on the 5th of Eleventh month, the Coi
responding Committee would press upo .
Friends, who have been eno-ased in the dis
tribution of the Holy Scriptures, the impori
ance of furnishing full and accurate answer
to all the Queries, and of forwarding their r^
port seasonably to the Depository.
It may be recollected, that in making dons
tions to Auxiliaries, the Board are guided i
deciding what number of Bibles and Tests
ments shall be sent to each, by the informr
tion given in its report. Hence those Aux
iliaries that do not report in time, are liabl
to be left out in the distribution.
Specific directions should be given in ever
case, how boxes should be marked and fo:
warded ; and their receipt should always i|
promptly acknowledged.
Address John S. Stokes, No. 116 N. Fourf
Street, Philadelphia.
Samuel Bettle,
Charles Rhoads,
Anthony M. Kimbee,
Committee of Correspondence.
Philada., Tenth mo. 1873. ,
QUERIES. j
1. What number of families or individuals have bee,'
gratuitously furnished with the Holy Scriptures by tl;
Auxiliary during the past year ?
2. What nnraber of Bibles and Testaments have bee'
sold by the .\nxiliary within the past year?
3. I low many members, male and female, are theii
belonging to the Auxiliary?
4. What number of families of Friends reside withj
its limits ?
5. Are there any fmnilics of Friends within yoi
limits not supplied with a copy of the Holy Scriptun
in good clear type, and on fair paper ; if so, how many
ti. How many members of our Society, capable ii|
reading the Bible, do not own such a copy of the Ho!
Scriptures?
7. How many Bibles and Testaments may probabl'
be disposed of by sale within your limits? 1
8. Is the income of the .Auxiliary snfBcient to snpp'^
those within its limits who are not duly furnished wit
the Holy Scriptures ?
9. What number of Bibles and Testaments would
be necessary for the Bible Association to furnish gratu
tously, to enable the .\uxiliary to supply each family';
10. What number would be required in order to fu
nish each member of onr religions Society, capable >
reading, who is destitute of a copy, and unable to pu
chase it?
11. How many Bibles and Testaments are now c;
hand ?
For " The Friend."
Extracts from a sermon preached at Gra(
Church St., London, 1G.87, on "Saving Faith
by Stephen Crisp :
"The faith that falls short of sanctificatio
and redemption from sin, is such a faith :
God never gave his people, it came some othi,
way into the world, and it hath captivate
THE FRIEND.
63
iDSt of the sons and daughters of men ; and
f!ey have expelled the true faith (as much as
iithem hc><), that saving faith that purifies
fd cleanses men from sin, and gives thorn
\;tiirv over the world, and have got another
1 th in the room of it, and they live in their
Eis, and in their lusts and concupiscence, and
I dor the bondage of their corruptions, and
f 11 ]-emain in captivity.
" We know there is no eating of the tree of
Jfe until we do overcome, nor entering into
)d's kingdom until we be cleansed, tiome
d an impossibility in our way which made
inj' to mourn. What, must we never be
jansed ? Must this crooked heart and per-
rse will alwaj's remain? Must I be a sinner
d a believer? A sinner and call mj-self a
ild of God ? How can these things hang to-
ther?
"Now that faith which belongs to a purified
il is called a shield, a believer keeps in the
ercise of his faith, and considers his salva-
n is nearer than when he first believed ;
people that believe are not presently
7ed, the work of salvation is to be wrought
er they believe, for without faith it is impos-
le to please God, nevertheless the foxindation
God standeth sure, it is founded upon the
)rk of God : when a man believeth the work
begun. Although some foolish professors
1 us the work is done, and will tell the day
d month their conversion was wrought, but
3y know not what they say. A man may
ow about the time when God communicated
th to him, but he must know after he is a
liever, then begins the work of salvation,
e believer is to be saved from this or the
ler enemy, be is not presently saved from
there must be a warfare, a,fiijhtinij the good
ht of faith before these enemies of salvation
e overcome ! the devil will not give over be-
ase I am a believer, and because Christ pro-
sed to break his head. The seed of the
)man shall break the serpent's head. I am
t now putting on my armor, the battle is
t fought, I have not yet gone through the
ril of the fight, I am now buckling on my
mor. Wlienthe fight comes, if I have not my
ield and my armor, I may be slain for all
is; some have made shipwreck of faith, they
ve not held it, nor kept the faith, but given
away ; but saith the apostle, I have fought
e good tight, I have kept the faith, I have
tten the victory. So people, after they
e believers, must wait to have their faith
■engthened b^^ renewed manifestations of
e same power on which it first stood, they
I8t wait upon the Lord and he will renew
e strength of their faith, zeal and courage,
d as temptations are renewed, they have
w courage, and strength and ability, all by
is divine spiritual and christian exercise:
ey every day come to see the work they
lieved for, that which their faith tended to,
B the work in some measure wrought, they
3 some enemies of their souls brought down
d slain, and they see their souls brought
to a little more dominion than they had be-
e, therefore he waits on the Lord for the
eomplishment of the work, to believe to the
ving of his soul."
♦-^^
There is no alteration in the Christian life ;
is a continual warfare, but with the spiritual
iapons of burning and fuel of fire, which, if
tiently submitted to, would purify and pre-
^re us for an incorruptible and never-fading
vheritance. — Daniel Wheeler.
THE FRIEND.
TEXTII MOXTH 11, 1873.
" Are Friends careful to bring up those
under their direction in plainness of speech,
behavior and apparel," etc.
There are few, if any of the Queries put to
the subordinate meetings, the answers to
which, sent up year by year, indicate more
weakness or more disregard for u christian
testimony, among a large portion of the mem-
bers, than the above ; which constitutes part
of the third. The love of the world and con-
formity to its manners and fashions have re-
ceived great encouragement, and obtained
much license for their gratification by the
opinion inculcated of latter time and widely
disseminated throughout the Society, that
the ])lain dress worn by Friends has little or
nothing to do with religion, and therefore that
there is no obligation to retain its use am<M)g
us. It is true that " the life is more than
meat and the body than raiment," and it is
also true, that abstractly* there is no religion
in dress, but, as is not uncommon, Satan has
employed the sophistr}' built on these truths,
as a most successful device to draw multitudes
away from the strait and narrow wa}' of a
christian life, to do homage to him as the
prince of the power of the air.
Probably there never was a time when the
arbitrary commands of Fashion inflicted com-
pliance with modes of dress more absurdly
disfiguring, more immodest and health en-
dangering, or more extravagantl}- expensive,
than the present; and the plain, con-distent
dress heretofore known as that of a Friend,
having been discarded by many who profess
to be fitted to hold influential stations in the
Society, and to advocate its principles, very
many of the members — -male and female — en-
couraged by their example to comply with
their carnal inclination, actin accordance with
the supposition that there is now no criterion
for plainness of attire ; and having thrown off
the usual appearance of a Friend themselves,
allow, if the^' do not encourage their children,
or others under their direction, to run into
the demoralizing filly of gaiety and fashion.
As one departure from the path of rectitude
opens the way for another, and the disregard
of one testimony of Truth betrays into un-
willingness to support another nearly allied,
so the language soon corresponds with the
garb ; self-denial becomes more and more irk-
some, and the door being thrown open, the
temptations to mingle in the corruptingsociety
and amusements of the world acquire increas-
ed force, and are aft'ectingly successful.
When Friends were first brought out from
among the various religious professors of that
day by the blessed Head of the church, to
stand as witnessesfor the simplicity, thestrict-
ness and the spiritualit}* of his religion, they
found themselves required to strip all orna-
mentation from the garb they wore, and to
bear an unflinching testimony against the
changeable fashions of the world ; varying
from time to time in dress, as in other things
ministering to the lust of the eye and the
pride of life. They also saw in that light
which could not deceive, that they were re-
quired to refrain from giving any flattering
titles, and to keep to the scrijjtural language
of thou and thee. As jjarents, or guardians
who felt they were in large measure account
able for the right training of the children en-
trusted to their nurture and care in the wil-
derness of this wicked world, and as delegated
shepherds over the flock of their fellow be-
lievers, tlie^' found it their religious duty to
clothe their own offspring in, and to enjoin
upon all the ])rofessors of the same ])uro ci'oss-
bearing religion, to adhere to the same ])lain-
ness of apparel and speech, that they bail been
called on to adopt ; not to swerve from it ia
order to conform with what might be the pi-e-
vailing fashion of the day, nor admit of com-
pliance with the needless changes, which were
more calculated to please a wanton mind than
to promote comfort and usefulness.
'1 bus they almost at once became a ])ecu-
liar people, distinguished from others as well
by their attire and language, as by their other
christian characteristics ; and peoj;le soon
learned to know a (Quaker by his or her ap-
pearance and conversation. As they thus
made it generally known that the understand-
ing given them of the gospel of Christ, required
them to bear testimony against the corrupt
practices and manners in both the so called
church and in the world at large, they soon
experienced the truth of the declaration, that
■■all that will live godl}- in Christ Jesus shall
sutt'er persecution," and they became the butt
of the scorner, the oppressed victims of the hy-
pocritical professor, and the hated opponents of
the worldling; all of whom felt their pride and
seltishness rebuked by the silent but standing
testimony of the easily recognized Quaker.
Thus the ''plainness of speech, behavior and
apparel," indicative of a Friend, was the re-
sult of fiiithfulness to the convictions of Di-
vine (Jraee, that simplicity and truth in all of
them, and the maintenance of a continued
testimony against the changeable fashions of
those around them, was a christian duty; and
thus they became a badge, understood by all,
as denoting the profession of a more strict
and self denj-ing acceptation of the religion of
Christ, than that adopted by other professors.
R. Barcia}-, speaking of these peculiarities
says: "And because the nature of these things
IS such, that they ilo upon the very sight dis-
tinguish us, and make us known, so that wo
cannot hide ourselves from any, without j>rotJ-
inf/ ourselces unfaithful to our testimony, our
trials and exercises liave here-through proved
the more numerous and difficult."
It is true that irreligious men might use tho
garb of a Friend as a cloak, to deceive ; thus
practically paying a corrupt tribute to the
value of the profession and the repulaticm it
has won in the world, by integrity and u])-
rightness ; but the abuse of a good is no argu-
ment against the good itself, and where this
may have been abused by one, it probably
has proved a i-eniinder and an assistance to
man3'a weak member, exposed to the manifold
temiitations in the world around them, by
the reflection that the dress and speech of a
Friend would bo recognized immediately as
altogether incompatible with any place of im-
purity, or with any aet that violated the well-
known principles of the Society-, and call forth
the contempt and condemnation of those who
witnessed it, " But," ob.serves Barclay, " this
they say is but in policy to commend our
heresy. But such policy it is. say I, as Christ
and his apostles made u.se of, and all good
christians ought to do ; yea, .so far has truth
prevailed by the purity of its follower.s, that
if one that is called a (^lakcr do but that
which is common among them, as to laugh
64
THE FRIEND.
and be wanton, speak at large and not keep
his word punctually, or be overtaken with
hastiness and anger, they presently say, O!
this is against j'our profession."
That "the ''plainness of speech, behavior
and apparel" which has distinguished Friends
from others, was not and is not a mere form,
unnecessarily connected with the simplicity
and purity of the religion they profess, is
shown by the indisputable fact, that where
members who have gone out into the fashions
and manners of the world, have been brought
to submit to the requirements of l)ivine Grace
manifested in the heart, making them willing
to become the followers of a crucified Saviour,
they have found they could make little pro-
gress in the way of holiness without submit-
ting to strictly observe them ; and when they
took up the cross and yielded compliance,
their reward was peace. As an example,
John Barclay after recording the many deep
religious contacts and clear illuminations he
had undergone, says: "The dress fi-om which
raj" forefathers have, without good reason and
from improper motives departed, to that dress
I must return : — that simple appearance, now
become singular, which occasioned and still
continues to occasion the professor of the truth
suffering and contempt, the same 7)uist 1 also
take up and submit to the conseijuences there
of" And so has it been with hundreds of
Other.* similarly situated. When men and wo-
men educated entii-ely different from Friends,
have, through obedience to the visitations of
the Day Spring from on high, been convinced
of and embraced the principles of Friends,
the}"- also have f lund themselves required by
the same Spirit that led them out of error, to
adopt the attire, the language and the man-
ners which proclaimed to others that they had
cast in their lot with the despised (Quakers.
Numerous instances are recorded in "Piety
Promoted" and "Youthful Piet}-," of persons,
favored with repentance and conversion on a
dj'ing bed, who, in that '' honest hour," under
" the reproofs of instruction" bemoaned hav-
ing been derelict in these very particulars,
confessed that it was because of being ashamed
of the cross, and earnestl)' entreated that
others might take warning by their example.
Could these things so be were the "plainness
of speech, behavior and apparer'queried after,
a mere dead form, a useless appendage to our
holy religion ; which may be observed or dis-
regarded as maj' suit the member's taste?
It has been reserved for our day of latitu-
dinarian liberty, and for those who have in-
troduced into the Society, and others who
have adopted, principles and practices widely
differing from those of our forefathers, to have
this testimony dispaiaged, held up to con-
tempt, and practicallj- set at naught, even by
members who occupy the position of minis-
ters, elders and other leaders of the flock ; and
never was the truth of the proverb more
strikingly- exemplified, than is mournfully
"witnessed among us as a people, " Whoso
breaketh a hedge, a serpent shall bite him."
How are very many of the .young people set
afloat on the stream of fashion, and drifting
into folly of various kinds; while many of'
those older, are using their influence to ob-
literate other distinctive characteristics of
Friends. Other testimonies must succumb,
and as is well known are succumbing in many
places. For the same spirit that makes asham-
ed to be recognized by dress, speech and man-
ners as a self-denying Quaker, will lead into
further assimilation with other religious pro-
fessors, in their modes of worship, their man-
ner of living, and their amusements : and thus
the close a]iproximation will ultimately de-
stroy all distinction. And all this is being
effected, in many places, under the sanction
of a religion more superficial and sensational,
than that which Friends believe is in accord-
ance with the simplicity and spirituality of
the gospel.
But we are glad to believe there are many
yet preserved in the Society, who are willing
to contend for these testimonies of Truth, and
suffer reproach therefor even among their
own fellow professors ; and we also have faith
that, in his own time, the Lord will raise up
others, even though it may be as of the stones
of the street, who will be prepared by his
transforming power, to support the Ark of
the Testimonj' with clean hands, and know-
ing the inside of the cup and platter m.ide
clean, will make the outside clean also, and
He will " turn to the people a pure language,
that thej' may all call upon the name of the
Lord, to serve him with one consent."
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
FoKBlGN. — Matters appear to be approaching a crL^iis
in France. The Monarchist.'; it is supposed have their
arrangements tor the proclaniation and inauguration of
a monarchy nearly complete. A special dispatch from
Paris to the London Observer says, that .350 deputies
to the French Assembly have pledged themselves to
support a motion for the restoration of the monarchy.
The Republicans, headed by Thiers, are using every
effort to defeat tlie scheme of the royalists for pLacing
the Count de Chamhord as Henry V, on the throne.
It is expected that the Republicans and Imperialists
will unite to ward oti'the threatened danger. The Count
de Chambord, in a letter to his supporters in France,
says his object is the union of parties in France and the
restoration of her glory, greatness and prosperity. He
repudiates any intention of introducing extreme reactive
measures, or of attacking Italy. The Paris .Journal, a
monarchical newspaper, .says a proposal for the restora-
tion of the monarchy on the basis of the charter of 181-1,
in a modified form, will be presented in the Assembly
on the opening day of the sessiijn. The trial of Marshal
Bazaine for the surrender of Metz, commenced before a
Court Martial at Versailles the titb inst. Many wit-
nes.ses are to be examined, and the trial will probably
be a very long one.
The prospect in Spain is more favorable for the cause
of the Repnl)lican government. Better discipline has
been establislied in the army, and the Spanish forces
opposed to the C^arlist invasion in the north have been
reinforced with (1000 men. Dissensions in the ranks of
the Carlists are increasing, and many deserters are sur-
rendering to the Republican troops with the hope of
receiving amnesty. Cartagena is still held by the in-
surgents. Numerous desertions take place <laily, and
it is stated that a majority of the insurgents wish to sur-
render, but they are overawed by the liberated convicts
and other desperate conimiuiists. A Madrid dispatch
of the '.2d says : Dispatches from all sections of the conn-
try represent that a much belter feeling prevails. The
re-establishment of discipline in the army has served
to restore confidence in the ability of the government
to suppress all insurrections.
The Spanish Minister of the Colonies will soon visit
Cuba and Porto Rico. He has received special instruc-
tions for the settlement of the political ditiiculties in
those islands.
General agencies to promote emigration have been
prohibited by the German government on account of
the great drain of population in many parts of Gei many.
In consei]uence of this pirohibition and other repressive
measnres, the number of German emigrants is said to
be diminishing.
It is reported that deficient crops have caused a
famine in some parts of Hungary.
Late advices from Paraguay siiow that the privations
of the Knglish colonists continue, and there is great
diss.itisfaclion.
A special to the Daily Telegraph from Balkan, cen-
tral Asia, re|iorts a severe defeat of the Afghans by the
Persians. Two Europeans, named Picquet and Rivas,
supposed to be Swiss travellers, have been murdered
by the natives in central Asia. There is reason to b
lieve that the Afghans design the conquest and annex
tion of Bokhara. A rebellion has broken out in Kokiv
A dispute has arisen between the governments ,
Russia and .Japan, on the question of proprietorship i
a portion of .Saghalien Island.
Advices from Africa announce the capture of a whi
man by the natives while proceeding westward on tl
Congo river. From the description of the man it is b
lieved he is Dr. Livingstone, the African explorer. j
The British Parliament has been again prorogue
until the 16th of Twelfth month.
Many accidents on British railways have occurre
recently, most of which have been attended with lossi
life. A chimney 220 feet in height, in the village i
Northtleet, fell on the 3d inst., killing and maiming
nuiuber of persons.
London, 10th mo. 6th.— Con.sols 92.5. U. S. Bond
1S6-5, 9-5J ; new fives, 91 J. The bank rate of interest '
■5 per cent., but the discount for three months bills i
the open market is below that of the Bank of Englanc
Liverpool. — Uplands cotton, 9d. a 9Jd. ; Orlean
9]d. a did. Sales of the day 2-5,000 bales. BreadstuI
quiet.
United States. — The Public Debt statement on tl
first inst., shows a reduction during the Ninth mont
of $1,901,407. The total debt, less cash in the Treasur
was $2,138,793,989 The currency balance was S3,28C
032, and the coin balance 4^80,246,757.
The interments in Pliiladelphia last week numbere
237, including 81 children under two years of ag
There were 38 deaths of consumption, 16 marasmus ;u
7 old age.
The mean temperature of the Ninth month, by tl
Pennsylvania Hospital record, was 68.67 deg., tl
highest during the month having been 90 deg., and tl
lowest 48 deg. The amount of rain during the mont,
was 4.04 inches. The average of the mean temperatu jl
of the Ninth month for the past 84 years, is stated J
66.30 deg. The highest mean during that entire periti
was in 1865, 72.68 deg., and the lowest 60 deg., occurrep
in 1840. The rainfall in nine months the present yea
has amounted to 45.60 inches.
Mortality in New York last week 507. There w:
received at New York last week '2,953,122 bushels-
wheat.
Captain Euddington and his associates of the Polar
crew, arrived at New York the 4th inst., and took pa
.sage for Washington in a United States vessel.
The Treasury Departmeiu is now paying persons wh
were employed in taking the L'nited States census i
the Southern States in 1860, ju.st previous to the breal
ing out of the rebellion, and who were deprived of the:
money on that account.
The sngar crop of Louisiana this year will probabli
be an average yield. The rice crop is much the large
ever grown, amounting to about 17,000 tons.
The Markets, &e. — Tbe following were the quotatioi
on the 6th inst. \ew York. — American gold, 110
U. S. sixe.s, 1881, 114J ; ditto, 5-20, 1862, 108i ; ditl
10-40, 5 per cents, lOiU. Superfine State Hour, $5i
.1 $6 ; State extra, $6.60 a .t7; finer brands, $7.50
$10.60. White Michigan wheat. Si. 75 ; amber wester;
■$1.65 ; red, .$1..55 a $1.60 ; No. 1 Chicago spring, $1.4
No. 2 do., $1.39 a $1.40. Western barley, $1.4.5. Oal
48 a 59 cts. State rye, 98 cts. Western mixed cor
65 cts.; yellow, 661 a 67.1 cts. Philadelphia. — LTplani
and New Orleans cotton, 181 a 19.1 cts. Crude petr^
leiim, 11 cts. ; standard white, for export, 16 cts. Supe.
fine flour, $4 a $4.75; extras, $4.75 a $0.25; tin(
brands, $6.50 a $10. White wheat, $1.70 a $1.80
amber, $1.60 a -f 1.68 ; red, $1.50 a $1.,58. Y'ellow con
68 a 70 cts. ; mixed, 68 cts. Oats, 49 a 53 cts. Smoke
hams, 14 a 16 cts. Lard, Sj a 81 cts. About 3200 be
cattle sold at the Avenue Drove-yard, common at 4
51 cts. per lb. gross, and fair to choice at 6 a 7J ot
Sales of 9,000 sheep at 4 a 5 cts. per lb. gro.s.s, for fain
prime. Hogs, ,$7 a $7.25 per 100 lb. net for corn fe
Receipts 5,000 head. Chicago. — Spring extra flom
$5.50 a $6. No. 1 spring wheat, $1.10 ; No. 2, $1.08}
No. 3 do., $1.02. No. 2 mixed corn, 40} cts. No.
oats, 33 cts. Rye, 65 cts. Barley, $1.30. Lard, 7f
7| cts. Mihmukie. — No. 1 wheat, $1.14; No. 2 dc
$1.11. No. 2 corn, 44 cts. No. 2 oats, 31 cts. By
65 cts. Barley, $1..'50. St. Louis. — No. 2 winter re
wheat, $1.50; No. 3 fall red, $1.35. No. 2 mixed con
441 el.s. No. 2 oats, 36 cts. Rye, 66 a 68 cts.
A Staled .\nnual Meeting of the Haverford Schot
•Association will be held at tbe Committee-room c
Arch St. Meeting-house, in Philadelphia, on Second
day, lOtb mo. 13th, 1873, at 3 o'clock, p. M.
Philip C. Garrett, Secretary.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. XLVII.
SEVENTH-DAY, TEXTH MONTH IS, 1873.
NO. 9.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
rice Two Dollars per annum, if paid in advance. Two
dollars and fifty cents, if not paid in advance.
Subecriptions and Payments received by
JOHN S. STOKES,
AT NO. 116 NORTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS,
PHILADELPHIA.
'08tage, when paid quarterly in advance, five cents.
For "The Frk-nd"
^ John neald.
I (CoDtiDued from paee 59.)
! Ist mo. 19th, 1817. ''We attended Eno
leeting. It was small and the house open,
ihe weather cold. I expressed some sentences,
leginiiing with, what shall we eat and what
tiall we drink and wherewithal shall we be
lothed. The Divine Master said, take no
hought for these things, for after all these
Kings do the Gentiles seek, hut His followers
^ere not to give up their minds to go after
he world or to love it, for the apostle saith,
I' any man love the world or the things of the
^orld, the love of the Father is not in him.
have felt, as I believed, ray mind sweetly
rawn to a tried, travailing seed, who are, I
3ar, discouraged from various causes ; and
erhaps not the least of these disconrage-
lents, the inconsistent conduct of professors
f Christianity. Oh ! I wish these to be en-
ouraged to walk in the high and hoi}' way
ast up for the redeemed and ransomed to
■'alk in. Thus as way opened I communi-
ated, but the people became so cold that I
lelieve it was not as favored a meeting as it
■ould have been if the people had sat more
Dmfortably — the bodj- and mind being nearly
onnected, and when the body suffers the
iiind is generally unsettled. I think this
leeting suffered loss on this account, and so
f many more, for we have not seen a tire in
ny meeting house since we crossed James'
iver, nor any place to make a fire in, and
earlj' all of them very open.
20th. Set out for Spring Meeting. When
c came to Haw Eiver, it was frozen over,
lit we rode it at a ripple, whore it was open,
lit very stony and rough. Wo got well over,
id soon came to Nathaniel Newlin's, where
e were received and entertained kindly.
Id. Attended the meeting, which was large
id exceedingly trj'ing. I felt much for the
■ue but deeply tried seed, bat no way opened
T labor, until I supposed it was near time
'r the meeting to doge, when I arose to re-
ark, that I intended not to off'jr any thing
- an excuse for not speaking in that meeting,
ily that I had not found a time that I be-
3ved I could have offered anything to that
! eeting without being in danger of having in
lesecretof my own mind the sentence: 'Who
hath re([uired this at thy hand?' and I sup-
posed none there would "desire that I should
come under condemnation in myself to please
them ; that 1 had not come to do my own will
nor the will of other men, nor to gain their
applause. After iliia I wei>t on t.j l.oia oui.
encouragement to the secretlj- tried ones ; and
said that such for whom the encouragement
was designed might consider themselves un-
worthy, and those who were ton forward and
active might gather it up to strengthera them-
selves; but these might remember that they
would not help the good cause but hinder it,
and instead of advancing themselves, they
would retard their own progress in a religious
course. It was a Preparative Meeting, and
the clerk when at the table said he was too
cold to read, but the business was soon done.
We went to John JS'ewlin's and staid the
night, and next morning went to South Fork
Meeting. It was not large," J. H. here re-
vived the declaration of the apostle : "Such
as ye sow, such shall ye reap. If ye sow to
the flesh, 3-e shall of the flesh reap corrup-
tion, and made these comments on it. Sowing
to the flesh is to fulfil the lusts thereof. The
delights, the amusements, the graiitieations,
and the vanities of the world are sowing to
the flesh. We none of us want a, crop of cor-
ruption, but the apostle adds: 'If ye sow to
the spirit, ye shall reap life and peace. After
saying much to the people in general, I ap
pealed feelingly to the youth in particular,
and concluded with : Be not overcome of evil,
but overcome evil with good.
24:th. At JJock}' Eiver, The meeting col-
lected and became exercising. After some-
time I said: Enter into my vineyard and
labor, and whatsoever is right ye shall re-
ceive. Ye may ]:>ray the Father that he would
send forth more laborers into his vineyard.
There are some who are desirous that more
laborers should be sent into the labor, but
they hold themselves excused. They would
have others to be engaged while the}- indulge
in the delights of the world. These want
gratifications and to live at ease. Is there
not a danger of missing the much desired hap-
piness of the righteous by indulging in ease?
Will it then be a comfort that it was not lost
for some gross crime or deed? Is not this
state of ease the way to spend the time with-
out labor, and shall we receive pay for doing
nothing? Oh! this place of fatal security,
how dangerous to the peace and happiness of
mankind ! The vocal exercise was lengthy,
and ended with a recommendation to give due
attention to the duty of worship, and to be-
ware of letting the mind go after pleasant
pictures, which divert and amuse the mind ;
for I believed there were some preparing to
bear the glad tidings of the Gospel to the peo-
ple, if they are engaged faithfully to labor in
the vineyard.
25th. Attended a meeting near Nathan
Dixon's. I had trying exercise and but little
vocal labor. In the early part, in a few words.
[ advised the people to labor for themselves,
each one to enter into an examination of their
concerns and of their own works. After this
I sat nearly an hour and a half when 1 .again
in a lew words recommended their ati '•"•^
n; i.ia;vuiuai laocjr as a jjiouiaoio Wav to ob-
tain instruction.
2(!tli. Being First-day, we were at Holly
S]iring Meeting. It was lai-ge and favored.
I began with: Work while it is day, for tho
night cometh wherein no man can work. 1
endeavored to imjiress on tlieir minds tho
neccssitj- of an early attention to that work
which may be put off too long, and often has
been to the sorrow of many when repentance
has been sought with tears, and there is reasoa
to fear some have not found it. I mentioned
the case of Saul, the first anointed king of
Israel ; that he did not comjilain of the Lord's
forsaking him, until he became disobedient,
antl then he had cause to lament, that tho
Lord no more answered him, either by pro-
phets, or bj- vision, or bj' dream. So ho
lamented himself in the time of his distress,
though before he could force himself to offer
a sacrifice, ^'hich Samuel called foolish. Saul,
before this, had been commanded to go and
destroy Amalek together with the sheep and
oxen; but when he saw tho goodly sheep and
oxen, ho thought that these would make ex-
cellent burnt-offerings, therefore he would
save that which he was commanded to de-
troy. This gave occasion to Samuel to say:
obedience is better than sacrifice, and to
hearken than the fat of rams. In the present
day I believe that disobedieiice will also pro-
duce distress. Then I turned to the case of
Jonah to show what distress was inflicted on
him tor disobedience, and referred to the
awful situation of some of recent times who
had neglected to yield obedience while they
had time and ojjportunity."
28th. At a meeting near Samuel Hill's,
John Heald endeavored to press on his audi-
ence the importance of a steady attention to
Divine things, hy an illustration drawn from
the study of common literature. If thescholar
devotes himself to the pursuit of learning, and
perseveres in a continuous application to his
studies, he usuall}- makes rajiid progress, but
if he is being continuallj' drawn away after
other concerns or amusements. an<i liis mind
is much occupied with them, little improve-
ment is witnessed, and frequently much that
has been learned is lost. So it is in the school
of Christ. Amusements and pleasures of a
transitory nature often draw away the mind
and heart of those who have begun to learn
a little Heavenly Wisdom, so that they run
after these things. After a time, when these
are brought to reflection, they find that they
have lost the little that they had before ac-
quired, and thatthese indulgences have tended
to their loss. He ,says: '• It was a solid, good
meeting, and I hope the labor will not be lost."
29th. "Attended Back Creek Meeting,
which was large. Soon after sitting down my
66
THE FRIEND.
mind was loaded with exercise, and the peo-
ple seemed scarcely gathered, when the im-
pression on my mind induced me to think it
was time to stand up. I thought it was like
being forward, but believing that the impres-
sion was rigbt, I begun to speak and several
came in afterwards. I first said : Children,
obey your parents in the Lord, for this is
right. Parents provoke not your children to
wrath, but bring them up in the nurture and
admonition of the Lord. Great are the obli-
gations of children to parents, and great is
the responsibility of parents; but what can
parents do to accomplish this work unless
they come to experience it in themselves ; or
1, — ^;u lYyQY instruct their dear children in
the Way mcy know not themselves, xnese
have need to apply as Solomon did for wis-
dom. It was well-pleasing to the Lord that
he asked for wisdom rather than riches or
long life; and I do believe it would be accept-
able to the Lord, and that He would be gra-
ciously pleased-to answer the honest request
of these. I treated largely on this subject,
and it was a very humiliating labor to me,
and attended with imj^ressive weight. The
meeting concluded in supplication for preser-
vation in the way of allotted duty, and that
He who is Almighty would be graciously
pleased to remember in mercy the people the
world over, to draw them with the cords of
His love unto Himself, and in particular the
dear youth.
(To be continued.)
For '-The Friend."
Collecting India-Rubber.'
(Concluded from i)nge 5S.)
"February 27th. — The rains continued to
increase in violcut.e, and ttc river had risen
greatly, notwithstanding that this was the
dry season. For many days I was unable to
tap the india-rubber trees, and Eamon was
laid up with what is called ' a game leg,' and
most of the other people were suffering more
or loss from caleniura ; consequently, I took
very little ciringa.
" March 1st. — Heavy rains were incessant,
chiefly at night: the Orinoco was very much
swollen. Merced Gil was swamped out of his
work at Caricia, his ciringa trees and rancho
being under water. This week we killed three
of the larger kind of wild hog called bargidro :
they ai^peared to me identical with the javiti
of Central America : an immense herd of them
wandered about the exterior of the rancho,
and Merced came down to join in the shoot-
ing. After we had secured several, we stowed
them away in the canoe. Beuacio and the
boy Narciso did not appear with the one en-
trusted to them, though we could hear them
whistling at no great distance, and called to
them rej^eatcdly. I suppose thej' were over-
elated at the prospect of their favorite meat
for a feast; for though I summoned them
several times, still they loitered. Merced Gil
was sitting in the curiara, and the sand-flies
were in clouds : I could stand it no longer ; so
vacating the stern of the canoe. I jumped on
shore, and advanced along the path to meet
the truants. I suppose I did not look amiable,
for no sooner did Bcnacio see me, than he
dropped the end of the pole on which they
were carrying the pig, and bolted into the
bush. In the evening, as ho did not return,
I considered ho had absconded altogether,
although, from intimations I received from
time to time from Merced's wife, (who was
staying at my place during her husband's
absence at the Conuconumo,) herself an In-
dian of the pueblo Maroa, I was certain that
he was hanging about the place, and was re-
ceiving food from the others. I never suc-
ceeded in catching him, though several times
I rose in the night and went by a circuitous
route to the men's quarters; but he was al-
ways too quick for me. Eamon admitted he
had been there, and was living somewhere in
the forest. He afterwards induced away the
stupid boy Narciso, and I saw no more ol
them. Eoja completed his month of service,
and left for Maypures, which defection nearly
deprived me of hands, as Ramon was sick, and
able to do very little, and Mateo was with
iUercod fJil. The paous ot" this district are
hard to procure as vrorkers. They are almost
all deeply in debt to the principal Creoles of
the pueblo, and when they are secured, thej-
are tit for little, as they have all the vices ol
a reduced and selfish race.
" As soon as liamon was on his legs, we
tapped the trees, with a little better yield.
The water, after having risen to within a few
feet of the door of my rancho, subsided as
rapidly, and we had dry weather for a short
time, just as we had begun to despair of it.
" I'Jth. — I was again troubled with much
fever at mid-day, but the attack was not suffi-
ciently severe to prevent my getting thi-ough
the tapping of my trees.
" 2Gth. — During the past week the weather
had been very fine ; but, owing no doubt to the
stagnant water-pools, the forest now swarmed
with the zancudos mosquitos, and whilst at
work we literally led a life of torment. These
zancudos were of a reddish color, unfamiliar
to me, and they bit dreadfully in the shade oi
the woods during the daytime, and came out
in full vigor on moonlight nights.
" I now sent Kogersdown to San Fernando
to seek advice of the padre of the pueblo, who
enjoyed a local celebrity for physic. He went
with Merced Gil. He had not been able to
do one da^-'s work in the forest for some time,
and was in a very weak condition.
"April 3d. — This was the third week of fine
weather ; but I found the position I occupied
would not be tenable much longer, as 1 had
no more ammunition for my gun, and had,
therefore, to rely entirely upon the fish-hook.
In the night Eamon sometimes took a small
species of cayman, called bavia. I did not
dislike the flesh. It is best salted, but it had
an unpleasant odor and taste of musk about
it, — resembling the flesh of some large fish
more than that of an animal.
" When it was fine I used to sleejs on a rock
on the bed of the Orinoco below, in order to
avoid the zancudos.
" In the afternoon, after tapping the trees,
I used to set Eamon and Manuel to work with
hook and line; in the mean time, I paced up
and down upon the dry slab of rock at the
water's edge, in front of m}' rancho. It may
be imagined that the lino was watched with
sufficient interest, as thereon depended supper
and breakfast for the morrow. I did not lose
the best hours of the morning, as they were
given to the tapping process. We caught
some very large tembladors (electric eels) in
the pools of standing water in the forest. We
used to spear them with long lances of sharp-
ened saplings, as thej- lay concealed under the
rotten logs which darkened the water. These
pools also contained small fish of curious
shapes. I was delighted at discovering that
the sand-flies, those inveterate plagues of man
in these regions, are not without their own
enemies. My attention was at first attracted
to a small fly thickly settling on the blanket
that was suspended over the entrance to my
dark rancho ; and when I watched them more
closely, I observed that each held a sand-fly
spitted on its proboscis, which it had evidently
secured on the wing from amongst the danc-
ing myriads before the door, returning to the
blanket to consume the captives at leisure.
A diminutive but active 3'ellow wasp also
disported itself on the surface of the blanket,
pouncing upon any of the sand-flies that be-
came momentarily entangled in the hairs,
speedily devouring them. It is a misfortune
that these exterminators are not more pro-
])ortionate to their prey ! Most of the native
fishing lines, and the best, are those made from
the fibre of the young, still-folded leaf of a.
palm called cumare. Other palms, such as
manriche, milite, macanilla, &c., make good'
cord, but do not equal the cumare for strength
and the endurance of water. Our strongest,
water cord is not to be compared to it. The
finestchinchoras(or hammocks) are also made
from this palm, though the other three varie-
ties supply material for an inferior article;
but these fine chinchoras are the " grass ham^
mocks" mentioned by the coast travellers.
" The I'ock at my rancho was a favorite re-|
sort for numbers of butterflies of diff'erent
species, as all the rocks were that contained
little puddles, alternately covered and un-
covered by the rise and fall of the river. They
settle in closely packed clusters of color, and,]
when disturbed, mount cloud like into the airl
but soon re-settle on the margin of the pool.
" 17th. — Easter Sunday. — The long course
of Caribee fish was at last broken. We toot
a caharo, a large fish, with an immense head:
the flesh is substantial, and makes good salt
provision. I very soon tired of the tembladors.|
though they were not bad, but of too gelatin-
ous and viscous a consistency when cooked tc
be eaten constantly. 1
" The rain now seemed fairly to have set in |
the river, after having fallen somewhat lowoij
than before, rose rapidly to within a few feet |
of the rancho door. Many difterent kinds o)':
ranos (tree frogs) and ground toads (zapos /
croaked loudly troni the shore in as manj
difterent voices. The forest atmosphere wat
heavy with the fragrance of orchids, and otheii
plants of the same nature, unfolding theii
dowers to the increasing moisture that hun^
in the branches of the trees. Owing to thi'
turbid current of the rising river, fish became
very difficult to procure, and the rains renilj
dered it impossible to work in the forest witli i
success ; lagoons of standing water crossed al
the paths. At the end of the month I ovacu
ated my position as no longer tenable." Ij
Who Ca?i Best be Spared/ — Young men, thii
is the first question your employers ask them
solves when business becomes slack and whei
it is thought neeessar}' to economize in tb'
matter of salaries. This question is auswere(
in an American journal to our satisfaction. I
answers the question who can best be sparci
this way : The barnacles, the shirks, the make
shifts, somebody's nephews, 'somebody's pro
teges, somebody's good-for-nothings. Youn;
man, please remember that these are not th
ones who are called for when responsible posi
tions are to bo filled. Would you like to gaug
your own fitness for a position of prominence
THE FRIEND.
67
Would you like to know the probabilities of
your getting such a position? Inquire within I
What are you doing to make yourself valuable
in the position you now occupy ? If ^-ou aw
doing with your might what your hands find
to do, the chances are ten to one that you will
soon become so valuable to that position that
you cannot be spared from it ; and then, singu-
lar to relate, will be the very time when you
will be sought out by promotion for a better
place. Be "content to grade among the men
who can be spared, and you may rest assured
that nothing will " spare" you so certainly
and 80 easily as promotion. — Late Papor.
For "The Frionii."
To Children and to Parents.
The following extract from an epistle issued
by London Yearly Meeting in the year 1800,
is worthy the deep consideration both of
children and their parents in this day. That
both may be found walking in the way of
Christ Jesus unto the fulfilment of their re-
ispective obligations and duties; and, as re-
sponsible stewards, serving their generation
according to the will of God.
"Dear Friends, we believe there are many
i of you, and especially of the youth, who, in a
i good degree, have given up, and are giving
up your'hearts to serve the Lord. May you
submit with patience to all the repeated bap-
I tisms necessary for your refinement. The
■ gospel hath its tribulations ; but they are not
I like the sorrow of the world, which worketh
' death. They are intended to disturb the pol-
, luted rests in mere worldly enjoyments ; they
unite you to the living members of Christ's
bodj', in whom the same things have been ac-
complished ; and if they be accepted as tokens
of his love, and abode under the proper time
without repining, they will completely unite
you to him, the'holy head.
Wherefore, ye dearly beloved youth, our
treasure, in whom we sometimes dare to de-
light, and to hope that you will one day suc-
ceed to the places of those faithful laborers,
who have passed, and are passing from works
to rewards ; we entreat you, dear children,—
•with tender solicitude we press it upon you,
flee from every thing whicli tends to despoil
you of your innocence ; and to render your
minds less receptive of that holy influence,
which your enlightened judgment demon-
strates to be truth.
And ye parents, be ye solicitous to dis-
charge your important and awful duty, with
scrupulous attention. It is often too late to
warn the youthful mind of danger, when your
own negligence or indulgence hath suffered
your offspring to deviate from that path of
simplicity, in which you have thought your-
selves bound to walk, and in which you have
found peace. If you fail to suppress the early
beginnings of undue liberty, how can you ex-
pect a blessing on your endeavors, when
further deviations at length arouse your at-
tention ; and how, having failed to rule your
own house well, can you expect duly to ' take
care of the church of God,' by performing that
too much neglected duty of private admonition
therein? There were of old those who brought
children to Christ, in the days of his flesh ;
and now the religious parent can breathe no
warmer aspirations for them, than when he
commends his tender offspring to the protec-
tion of their Lord. But see. Friends, that
you encourage no propensities in them which
prevent a union with him. Kestrain them,
we Itesoech you, from associating with those
whose influence and example lead away from
his law ; and be especially careful that you in-
troduce not among them, publications, which
are either wholly, or in part, repugnant to the
faith, as it is in Jesus. Let it be your own
daily care to endeavor after closer communion
with him, and to walk in meek submission to
his commands: so may you gain over the
minds of the youth providentially placed
under your care, that ascendency, which arises
from the united effects of sound judgment,
truest love, and a good example.
Finally, Friends of every age, of every rank,
we commend you to the protection of him
who died for us, and ' who ever liveth to make
intercession for us, who is able to save them
to the uttermost that come unto God by
him.' "
that of unhealthy localities, would bo to re-
duce considerably the average longevity of
that vocation.
Statistics of Intemperance.
Intemperance, with its train of attendant
evils, is likely to become an increasingly in-
teresting subject for moralists ; and no phase
of the subject will command more attention
than its eftect on the duration of life. No
one will question the fact of its influence in
this respect. Unhappily, nearly every one
can recall some individual corroboration of it,
while in the broader field of a community or
nation, it is more strikingly apparent. A
celebrated French physician, I). Everat, has
furnished statistics showing that the mortal-
ity from this cause is annually 5i),000 in Eng-
land, 40,000 in Germany, 1.5,000 in Eii99'«>
4 000 in Belgium, .3,000 in Spain, and 15,000
in France. Notwithstanding the universality
of this vice among nearly all classes of society,
few persons are aware of how materially hu-
man life is abbreviated by habits of intemper-
ance F. G. P. Neison, an actuary of London,
from" a series of careful observations, has de-
duced some valuable statistics regarding this
subject, which prove that the average dura-
tion of life, after the commencement of in-
temperate habits, is as follows: Among beer
drinkers, 21.7 years; among spirit drinkers,
le 7 years ; among those who drink spirits m-
discrimately, 16.1 years. The death rate
amoncr different drinkers, >ieison found to be :
Amonf beer drinkers, 4.507 percent, year y ;
amon^r spirit drinkers, 5.900 per cent, yearly ;
among mixed drinkers, 6.194 per cent, yearly.
The annexed table of Nelson contrasts the
expectation of life between temperate and in-
temperate persons.
Expectation of life for temperate and intem-
perate persons.
Dunition of Life
oflnti'mp.conip.
A^es Teroperat.. Intc-mperate. Loss of Life, with T.n.p.Tato.
■'0 44 2 years. 15.5 years. 28.7 years. 35 per cent.
SO .30 5 " 13.8 " 22.7 " 38
0 28:8 " 11.6 ;; 17.2 ;; 40
,50 '>1 2 " 10.9 " 10.3 51
60 14.3 " 8,9 " 5,4 " 63 "
The expectation of intemperate persons—
from the time of becoming intemperate —
varies with the vocation.
.\mong mechanics, working and laboring men, 18 y'rs.
Among traders, dealers and merchants, . J /_ ^^
Among professional men and gentlemen, . to _^
Among females
It will be noticed that professional men
addicted to drunkenness, are shorter-lived
than drunkards of other pursuits. In any
particular pursuit, where intemperance pre-
vailed to a great extent, and where it short-
ened life more than in others, the eflect, like
For " Tlio Friend,"
A Letter of John Barclay to Thomas Evans.
Corvdon, Sixth munlli, 1835.
No sooner were my eyes opened to see the
excellency there is in the Truth, now just
twenty years ago, than I began to appreciate
the blessed experience recorded by these
worthies, (our early Friends;) who in the
same line of testimony were counted worthy,
as it were, afresh to cast up the way and re-
vive the ancient simplicity of the gospel.
Since that time, jioor and feeble as I feel my-
self, and unworthy to bear the precious name
by which we are called, in the midst of blush-
ing at my own dwarfishness and abiindaut
occasion of hiimiliation and of exercise, — I
may say. that this feeling and love to the pure
cause of Truth, as professed by our poor So-
ciety, has never slackened. How animating
it is,' and comforting to believe,— as I have
(lone at this time, in the reading of thy letter,
and observing your exercises and eftbrts [in
America] on account of this most precious
^,.^use, that the Lord hath not forsaken those,
vvho desire to cleave to him, with full surren-
der of themselves; that He is still near to
help in the needful time, to limit the power
of the enemy, and lift up a standard against
him, and to overrule all for the good of those
that fear Him. O ! how little do we know of
the desiijns of His wisdom and goodness to
his church : His people are permitted to bo
bowed down, afflicted, oppressed; He chas-
tens them, and minishes them ; and then (as
the history of the church sets forth,) He raises
them up by his own arm of power, beyond all
expectation ; He even works by poor, little,
feeble instruments, and in unlikely ways; till
he has effected, through suffering, the enlarge-
ment, strengthening, and glorifying of the
house of his t;lory. Isaiah Ix. Ixi., &c.
It is remarkable, that there is a numerous
body of scattered and hidden seekers, who
have tried all other ways, and retired from
them more or less ; and who are sincerely look-
in" to the spirituality of religion, and to us as
holdin- up this view. By these the most
primitive productions are increasingly sought
and prized.
With regard to cutting down some ot our
Journals, etc., I have always looked upon this
•IS a delicate or difficult matter to do unob-
iectionabl}^ We are too apt. unconsciously
to ourselves, to choose that which m our pre-
sent state and turn of mind we are impressed
with or that which the present tendencies
and exif'cncies of the times seem to us to call
for- and possibly (for often it has been so) to
the' unequal upholding of divine truth or a
partial exhibition of the character and lineot
testimony, which a Friend in his lifetime main-
tained. This doubtless, can be much guarded
a<r-iinst by a judicious hand, and under best
dfrection : but still 1 have been afraid ot para-
phrasing upon, or extracting the experience ot
others ; we may so readily give an aspect or
coloring different from the original document.
There has been, in my opinion, ever since the
creeping in of degeneracy, a correspondent
endeavor to refine upon, to remodel, and soften
down the rugged, plain truths delivered by
these ancients : and I think I see this in many
of the iiublicatioDs that have of late years
! issued from the press. The more pure days
6d
THE FRIEND.
of the church yield me much the moist interest-
ing and impressive experience. O! how is
the simplicity overborne even in dedicated
minds, now-a-days ; how refined, how self-in-
dulgent, and full of reasonings are we ! At
what a low ebb in many places is oar minis-
try; even strangers noticing the change, and
the approach to their pulpit eloquence -^Scrip-
ture words indeed there are, yet often attend-
ed with but little of that authority, weight,
savor and life, which tends to bajjtize and bow
down the spirits of all, and to humble the crea-
ture under the mighty hand of Him, who
•worketh all in all. Surely, among many
causes, our being so much mixed up with all
sorts of people, sometimes for purposes very
good in themselves, has contributed to this
state of things: "Strangers" to the life of
Christ inwardly revealed, have "devoured
our strength." Hosea vii. 9. I must conclude
with saying, may the Lord by his power in-
terpose, and show us whence we have fallen,
and preserve us from fiilling still more gener-
ally and utterly I
Farewell ! I shall be pleased to hear from
thee, whenever thou hast occasion or liberty
to address me; and sometimes, at least, think
of me as one that longs to endure to the end,
to hold fast faith and patience, till the Lord
say, it is enough.
I remain a poor and weak brother,
J. B.
♦-♦
Colorado Parfo.— The park itself is 0842
feet above the sea-level, or half as high again
as Mount Washington, The surrounding rim
is .some two thousand feet higher, while in the
distance, north, south, and west, may be seen
the snowy summits, fourteen thousand feet
high, of Gray's Peak, Pike's Peak, Mount
Lincoln, and
about fourteen thousand two hundred and
fifty feet, though even these are often bare in
August. Li these parks the cattle live with-
out shelter in winter, and the timber is large
and plentiful at eleven thousand feet eleva-
tion. Glaciers are wanting, but instead we
have the rich vegetation, the wide range of
mountains, the pure, dry, and balmy atmos-
phere, and a variety, a depth and a softness
of color which can hardly be equalled on earth.
— From " Colorado and the South Park," in
Lippincott's Magazine.
Selected.
LEAVE THE THINGS WHICH AEE BEHIND.
Leave behind earth's empty pleasure.
Fleeting hope, and changeful love;
Leave its .soon-corroding treasure :
There are better things above.
Leave, ah, leave thy fond aspiring.s,
Bid thy re.stless heart be still ;
Cease, oh, cease thy vain desirings,
Only seek tliy Father's will.
Leave behind thy faithless .sorrow
And thy every anxion.s care:
He who only knows the morrow
Can for thee its burden bear.
HERE AND THERE.
Here 'mid deatli and danger mournfully we stay.
Every thing around u.s yielding to decav,
But in the better country sin'.s dark triumph o'er,
.All things are enduring — life for ever-more.
Here with weary footsteps, in a desert waste.
Strangers in a strange land, we pass through in haste ;
There our rest awaits u.s, our hearts are gone before.
In that land of brightness — rest for ever-more.
heard the distressful eiy of the prisoner, and-
evidently determined to effect its release bji
directing the attention of its captor to herself,:
as being bigger game and more worthy of his
care, she immediately fluttered at his feet as;
if unable to get away, she walked a little wayi
like a lame fowl, she huniped up her back andj
tried in vain to fly, having lost, apparently,,
the use of her wings and legs, all the time
uttering the same low, peculiar note of warn-
ing which kept her little brown birds nestled
among the brown leaves so closely that they
could not be distinguished from the leaves by
any sign of life. Our kind-hearted Hiram
had often witnessed similar exhibitions of
motherly tact, and fully comprehended the
ruse of the bird, so he allowed her to lead hira
far away from her little flock, he all the while
seeming to make attempts to catch her.
When they were quite a distance oft', she
spread her wings as well as any partridge,
and in a circuitous course reached the scene
of her disturbance, no longer a disabled bird,
but perfectly well able to call her family to-
gether again, and care for them, as Hiram
witnessed from behind a tree. Upon the little
one which Hiram caught, and afterward re-
leased, she seemed to bestow the larger share
of her attention, picking off its shell, and
urging it to run with the others, and giving
it a double share of food. She soon gathered
her family together, consisting of fifteen or
twenty brownies, and oft' she went with them
into the denser forest. — Laws of Life.
Other Titans, without miLse or name.
The South Park is sixty miles long and
thirty wide, with a surface like a rolling
prairie, and contains hills, groves, lakes and
streams in beautiful variety. It formerly
abounded with buffalo and other game, and
was a favorite winter hunting-ground of the
Indians and the white trappers, but since the
great influx of miners the buffalo have mostly
disappeared. Such, however, is the excellence
of the pasture that great herds of cattle are
driven up here to feed during the summer.
Several towns and villages have sprung up
around the mines in this vicinity, sucdi as
Hamilton, Fairplay, and Tarrj'all, to which
a stage-coach runs three times a week from
Denver.
In our old atlases, forty years ago, we used
to see the Eocky Mountains laid down as a
great central chain or backbone of the conti-
nent; but they are rather a congeries of
groups scattered over an area of six hundred
miles in width and a thousand miles long;
among them are hundreds of these parks,'
from a few acres in extent to the size of the
State of Massachusetts. These mountains
differ so entirely from those usually described
by travellers, the Alps, the Scottish High-
lands, and the White Mountains, that one can
scarcely believe that this warm air and rich
vegetation exist ten thou.sand feet above the
sea. In climate the Colorado mountains ap-
proach more nearly to the Andes, where the
snow-line varies from fourteen thousand to
snow
Here our courage faileth in the storms of life.
Our hearts are .sad and anxious, ruffled in the strife,
There the tempest endeth, the billows cea.se to roar, —
All is calm and tranquil, peace for ever-more.
Here amid our sadness, silence often reigns.
Or our voices mingle in low and plantive strains,
There no chord of sadness shall wake an echo more,
Heaven itself resoundeth — song for ever-more !
Here amid our sorrow sighs are often lieard,
Fondest hearts are parted, sick with hope deferred ;
Tliere no tear-drop faileth, hearts are never .sore.
All is joy and gladness— joy for ever-more !
Here 'mid deep'ning shadows wearily we roam,
Looking for the day-star, the bright "light of home,
There the clouds shall vanish, the night of weeping o'er
Where the sun ariseth — light for ever-more !
Only a little longer have we to trust and wait.
Ere we reach the portals,' pass the pearly gate.
Hear the shout of welcome from loved ones gone before
In our Father's mansions — home for ever-more.
Anonymou.^.
The Old Partridge and Her Young Ones. —
This story of the partridge was sent to us by
a dear little lame girl who is a lover of the
LaiDs of Life, and she induced her mother to
write it out for us, on purpose that wo might
give it to the children, and she says, "Tell
them it is all a true story, too."
Hiram, our farmer, was out in our maple
orchard to-day, rep:iiring the fences, when he
frightened from her nest a partridge brood-
ing her wee ones. The birdlings were very
young, probably not more than a few hours
out of the shell. The old bird seeing her
chicks in danger, gave a peculiar note of
alarm, when all but one, still encumbered
with a large portion of a shell, ran away and
putting their little heads beneath some old
leaves, lay jjerfectly motionless. Hiram se
Selected for "The Friend,"
The Work of Regeneration.
Eleventh month 19th, 1845.— The Monthly
Meeting of the Western District was held to-
day, which I was drawn to visit. The com-
pany was unusually large; and after a time
of silent waiting, the stirring of the Lord's
power was felt, under which I was gradually
enabled to preach the gospel of salvation,
through our Lord Jesus Christ; showing that
the work of regeneration had its beginning in
the heart, through obedience to the manifes-
tations of his Spirit, in little things. Our
Saviour thanked the Father that He had hid
the things of his kingdom from the wise and
prudent, and revealed them unto babes. To
be brought into this blessed experience, we
must become babes in Christ ; and the only
loay to experience the new birth and change
of heart unto righteousness, is by faithfulness
to the requisitions of the Divine will, made
known in us. Manj' things were brought
forth out of the treasury, by Him who alone
has the key and command of it ; and through
Divine merty and condescension the baptiz-
ing and solemnizing power of Christ, went
forth over the assembly, to the comfort and
strength of the hungry, weaiy and exercised
ones. Oh ! that I may be enabled in humility
and abasedness of soul, to offer the tribute of
thanksgiving and praise to Him who hath
all power in his hand; and to walk before
Him with increasing fear and reverence, for
all his great condescension and unmerited
compassion towards me, a poor creature, and
towards his church and people. — ■ William
Loans' Journal.
seventeen thou,sand feet. Here snow begins'cured the half-hatched bird, thinkingto gratify
at twelve thousand feet, and increases in quau- the little and perhaps the big children with a
tity to the extreme height of the tallest peaks, 'peep at a young partridge. The mother bird
A good swarm of bees will consist of about
thirty thousand, the queen laying from two
to three thousand eggs a day, the worker
hatching out in about twenty-one days; so it
is easily understood why a colony keeps itself
up and throws off swarms.
THE FRIEND.
69
K"!- -Tlic Frleuil."
Circular of the Bible Association of Friends in
America.
Id again calling the attention of Auxiliaries
,0 the Annual (Queries to be answered pre-
vious to the general meeting of the Associa-
tion on the 5th of Eleventh month, the Cor-
•esponding Committee would press upon
Friends, who have been engaged in the dis-
;ribution of the Holy Scriptures, the import-
ince of furnishing full and accurate answers
.0 all the Queries, and of forwarding their re-
wrt seasonably to the Depository.
It may be recollected, that in making dona-
ions to Auxiliaries, the Board are guided in
leciding what number of Bibles and Testa-
nents shall bo sent to each, by the informa-
,ion given in its report. Hence those Aux-
liaries that do not report in time, are liable
;o be left out in the distribution.
Specific directions should be given in ever}-
;ase, how boxes should bo marked and for-
warded ; a?id their receipt should always be
promptly acknowledged.
Address John S. Stokes, Xo. 116 N. Fourth
Street, Philadelphia.
Samuel Bettle,
Charles Rhoads,
Anthony M. Kimber,
Committee of Correspondence.
Philada., Tenth mo. 187.3.
QUERIES.
1. What number of families or individuals have been
;ratuitonsl_v fiirnisbed witli the Holy Scriptnres by the
inxiliary during the past year ?
2. What number of Bibles and Testaments have been
iold by the Auxiliary within the past year?
3. liow many members, male and female, are there
lelonging to the Auxiliary ?
4. What number of families of Friends reside within
ta limits?
5. Are there any families of Friends within your
limits not supplied with a copy of the Holy Scriptures
,n good clear type, and on fair paper ; if so, how many ?
6. How many manbers of our Society, capable of
reading the Bible, do not own such a copy of the Holy
Bcriptures?
7. How many Bibles and Testaments may probably
oe disposed of by sale within your limits?
8. Is the income of the Auxiliary sufficient to supply
those witbin its limits who are not duly furnished with
the Holy .Scriptures ?
9. What number of Bibles and Testaments would it
be necessary for the Bible Association to furnish gratui-
tously, to enable the Auxiliary to supply each family?
10. What number would be required in order to i'ur-
nish each member of our religious Society, capable of
reading, who is destitute of a copy, and unable to pur-
;hase it?
11. How many Bibles .tnd Testaments are now on
hand?
The "Bad Lands" of Nebraska. — On the
right bank of the Missouri, and on the borders
of the White Eiver, in Nebraska, lies a dreary
desert valley, some 80 feet deep, which the
French expressively designate " Les Mauvai-
ses Terres." It may be doubted whether the
whole world offers a stranger or more impres-
sive landscape. Here geology recognizes the
vestiges of astonishing diluvian action, and it
is difficult to proceed many steps without
striking one's foot against the fossil remains
of ancient animals.
It is a kind of world apart, says an Ameri-
can writer, a large valley which seems to have
been excavated, in the first place, by an im-
mense vertical out-throw, and then modelled
by the prolonged and incessant action of de-
nudating agents. With a mean breadth of
28 and a total length of 90 miles, it developes
itself iu a westerly direction, at the foot of
the nombre mountain chain, known as the
Black irnis. On issuing from the immense,
uniform a^d monotonous juairie, the Iruvoller
finds himse'.f suddenly transported, alter a
descent of 10(» to 200" feet, into a depression
of the soil where rise a mj-riad of abrupt rocks,
irregular or prismatic, or like columns dress-
ed with enormous pyramids, and from 110 to
220 feet in height.
These natural towers are so multiplied over
the surface of this extraordinary region, that
the roads wind through them in narrow pas
sages, and the labyrinth may be likened to
the irregular streets and narrow alleys of
some mediaeval European cit}-. Seen from
afar, the interminalile succession of rocks re-
sembles the massive monument.'? of antiquity ;
nor are turrets wanting, nor flying buttresses,
nor graceful arches, nor vaulted portals, groups
of columns, facades, and ta])er spires. If ai
one place the eye lights u]>on the ruins of a
feudal fortress, at another it surveys the grace-
ful ensemble of a Saracenic mosque. Or you
might almost say, in the distance, that it is a
fantastic "city of the dead." — Kttract.
♦-♦
Selected fjr "The Friend."
Tiie Great Work of Transformation.
O! how great is the irork to be done in the
heart of every individual, before it is fit for
the reception of the Heavenly CTuest, who
only dwelleth in the temple of an undefiled
heart ! How many baptisms have we to pass
through, in order to purify and prepare us for
the knowledge of the "only true God, and
Jesus Christ whom He hath sent" once in a
body of flesh on the earth, — but who now ap-
pears by the eternal Spirit, in the heart of
every man. We have great instruction from
the narrative in holy writ, of the ]ireparation
which Elijah had to pass through on Mount
Horeb, before he was in a situation to discern
the " still small voice." He had first to wit-
ness "a great and strong wind to break in
pieces the rocks," — as a figure of that power,
which alone can subdue and soften the rockj-
and obdurate nature in the human heart
" but the Lord was not in the wind." " And
afterthewind,an earthquake," — another need
ful dispensation for the reduction of the crea-
ture, and the shaking and separating of the
earthly part, and every thing in man that can
not abide the daj- of the Lord's coming, or
stand when he appeareth. "But the Lord
was not in the earthquake ; and after the
earthquake a fire ;"— that searching, consum-
ing, baptizing element — the fire of the Lord,
that consumes nof only that which is light and
chaffy, but also the dross and tin and repro
bate silver ; that nothing may remain, but what
can endure and abide the trial, as pure gold.
" But the Lord was not in the fire : and after
the fire, a still small voice." This ordeal we
must all pass through, according to our meas
ure : it is the great work of regeneration ; and
in order to hear this "still small voice," we
must ourselves be still, as with our faces wrapt
in a mantle. The prince of this world must
be cast out, and his strongholds pulled down ;
all our imaginations and every high thing that
exalteth itself against the knowledge of God
must be cast down, and brought into captivity
unto obedience, before we can know Christ
to be in us, " the hope of glory." The silence
of all flesh must be attained : the creature
must cease from its own willings and runnings
and strivings: the holy command must be
obeyed, — "be still, and know that I am God:
1 will bo exalted among the heathen : I will
be exalted in the earth." Blessed and happy
are they, who thus seek, and thus find ; uml
having found, to them the glorious daj- is
come, when whatsoever they shall ask the
Father in the name of the Son, He will do it.
liefoi-e this day, how vain have been our peti-
tions, because not in the name, not in the
]iower of the Sjiirit of the Lord Jesus, but in
our own strength, time anil will. — Daniel
niieelcr.
The Fight at the Wood-pile. — One night at
a late hour Dr. Beiitly, well known among
the clerg}^ of olden time, was disturbed at his
studies by a rattling sound among some wood
which, savved and split tor his study tire, had
been left by the teamsters the afternoon pre-
vious, too late to be properly housed. He
rose, went cautiously to the window, and saw
a woman filling her apron with wood, which
she hastily carried away. He resumed his
seat and recommenced his study. Shortly
after the same noise occurred, and looking
out a second time he saw a similar operation
— the woman filling her apron to its utmost
capacity. W^hen she had gone he returned
to his book, with a tender ])ity in his heart
for a destitution which sought relief in this
lonely, dreary, not to say sinfid maimer. By
and by he was startled by a crash of falling
wood, and hurrying to the window, beheld
the poor woman casting the very dust of tho
wood from her apron. He remained motion-
less, his gentle heart filled with commisera-
tion.
She swiftly departed, and soon returned
heavily laden with wood, which she threw
on the pile as if it were indeed "the accursed
thing." The doctor's compassion and curi-
osity were now intensely excited. He fol-
lowed her retreating figure till he discovered
her residence, and thus ascertained who she
was. What she was, was no mystery to him.
The last hour had shown him her virtue's
lotty height. He called early the next morn-
ing on Mr. B., tho wood-dealer, and directed
him to send a half cord of his best wood,
sawed and split, to Mrs. , but by no means
to let her know from whom it came, which
was readily promised. Mr. B.'s teamster, who
happened to be within ear-shot, though out
of sight, was not so bound, and when ho
tipped the wood into the poor widow's yard,
replied to her eager inquiry who sent it, by
relating the conversation he had overheard.
The conscience-stricken woman, feeling that
her sin and her repentance in the lonely dark-
ness of the midnight hour were known and
understood by another heart besides her own,
hastened without delay to the house of the
benevolent man to express her gratitude and
her sorrow, and with deep humility and bit-
terness told him the temptation, to which her
extreme poverty had reduced her, of break-
ing the eighth commandment. " Sir," she
said, " though my house was dark and cold,
though my "heart was wrung with anguish at
the sight of my poor shivering little one, I
could not keep it I I could not keep it! My
conscience would not let me I" "Say no more,
my dear madam," said the good man, "1
saw it all — I saw you conquer the devil in
two fair fights." — Salon Register.
And they that know thy name will put
their trust in thee, for thou, Lord, hast not
forsaken them that seek thee.
70
THE FRIEND.
For "The Friend."
Individnal Faithfulness.
The following instructive incident, recorded
by Thomas Scattergood, during his journej-
in North Carolina in 1792, seems worthy of
being revived at this time, as an encourage-
ment to individual faithfulness.
" 11th mo. 15th. After a good opportunity
in the family, we set off before the sun was up,
and rode to Spring Meeting. As our friend
John Carter and I rode together, he informed
me, that in his young years, being visited by
the Day-spring from on high, he sought much
to find a place of rest to his soul, and joined
the Baptists. After a time he grew dissatisfied
with their mode of worship, not feeling that
peace which he was in pursuit of; and one day
after seeking the Lord with great earnestness,
and begging of him to show him whether
that was the people he was to join himself to,
he went to their meeting with a determina-
tion that if he felt an evidence of the owning
love of God to attend his mind, he would sub-
mit to go into the water to be baptized, or
anything for peace sake : but on that day the
preacher held forth such doctrine, that it
turned him away from them in his mind, and
led him more and more into a lonely seeking
state. At this time the little company of
Friends in the neighborhood had grown so
weak as to neglect their meeting, and had
given consent for the Baptists to hold meet
ings in their meeting-house. For some time
his mind was impressed with an apprehension
that it was required of him to go and sit down
by himself in the meeting-house ; but he put
it off, being ashamed. At length he went by
a private way, and sat down alone and was
greatly refreshed; but he could not do it pri-
vately long, feeling a necessity to travel the
road openly, for his friends and neighbors
used to wonder where he went in private.
One day in going to meeting he met with one
of them, who asked him where he was going,
and he told him honestly, ' I am going to meet-
ing:' 'Strange,' says the other, 'what will
you go there for!' He left him, however, by
the way, and had peace in the meeting. Next
time he went, seven of his neighbors hearing
of his going, joined him : and in process of
time he was united to the Society of Friends:
zeal and religion revived amongst them, and
there is now a large meeting, called Spring
Meeting, which we were at today ; and this
Friend is a valuable minister amongst them.
We had a favored meeting."
Bees as Architects. — A centre comb burdened
with honey was seen by Huber and others to
have broken away from its place, and to be
leaning against the next so as to prevent the
passage of the bees. As it was in October,
and the bees could get no fresh material, thej'
immediately gnawed away wax from the old-
er structure, with which they made two hori-
zontal bridges to keep the comb in its place,
and then fastened it above and at the sides,
with all sorts of irregular pillars, joists, and
buttresses; after which they removed so much
of the lower cells and honey, which blocked
the way, as to leave the necessary thorough-
fares to different part of the hive, showing
design, sagacity, and resource. Huber men-
tions how they will find out a mistake in their
work and remedy it. Certain pieces of wood
had been fastened by him inside a glass hive,
to receive the foundation of combs. These
had been placed too close to allow of the cus-
tomary passages. The bees at first bui'^ od>
not perceiving the defect, but soon flanged
their lines so as to give the propc distance,
though they were obliged to curve the combs
out of all usual form. Huber chen tried the
experiment another way. He glazed the floor
as well as the roof of the hive. The bees can-
not make their work adhere to glass, and thej'
began to build horizontsHy from side to side;
he interposed other plates of glass in different
directions, and they curved their combs into
the strangest shapes, in order to make them
reach the wooden supports. He says that
this proceeding denoted more than instinct,
as glass was not a substance against which
bees could be warned by Nature, and that
they changed the direction of the work before
reaching the glass, at the distance precisely
suitable for making the necessary turns — en-
larging the cells on the outer side greatly, and
on the inner side diminishing them propor-
tionately. As different insects were working
on the different sides, there must have been
some means of communicating the proportion
to be observed ; while the bottom being com-
mon to both sets of cells, the difficulty of thus
regularly varj'ing their dimensions must have
been great indeed. The diameter of the cells
also varies according to the grubs to be bred
in them. Those for males have the same six
sides, with three lozenges at bottom, as those
for workers, and the angles are the same ; but
the diameter of the first is .3J lines — that
for the workers only 2|. When changing
from one size to another, they will make
several rows of cells intermediate in size,
gradually increasing or diminishing, as re-
quired. When there is great abundance of
honey, they will increase both the diameter
and the depth of their cells, which are found
sometimes as much as an inch and a half in
depth. — Good Words.
The Dove and the Baven. — The dove is an
emblem of a gracious soul, which, finding no
rest for its foot, no solid peace or satisfaction
in this world, this deluged, defiling world,
returns to Christ as to its Ark, as to its Noah.
The carnal heart, like the raven, takes up
with the world, and feeds on the carrion it
finds there ; but return thou to thy rest, 0 my
soul, to thy JVoah, so the word is, Ps. cxvi. 7.
0 that 1 had wings like a dove, to flee to Him !
Ps. Iv 6. And as Noah put forth his hand,
and took the dove, and pulled her in to him,
into the ark, so Christ will graciously pre-
serve, and help, and welcome, those that fly
to Him for rest. The olive-branch, which
was an emblem of peace, was brought, not by
the raven, a bird of prej', nor by a gaj' and
proud peacock, but by a mild, patient, hum-
ble dove. It is a dove-like disposition that
brings into the soul earnests of rest and joy.
Some make these things an allegory. The
law was first sent forth like the raven, but
brought no tidings of the assuaging of the
waters of God's wrath, with which the world
of mankind was deluged ; therefore, in the
fulness of time, God sent forth His Gospel,
as the dove, in the likeness of which the
Holy Spirit descended, and this presents us
with an olive-branch, and brings in a better
hope. — Matthew Henry.
■ »
Touching Anecdote of a Spider. — " A fine old
English gentleman," (Mr. Moggridge,) with
abundant leisure for studies in natural history,
has written a very entertaining book on in-
sects, in one chapter of which (as a critic
asserts) he " elevates the character of thef
spider." It is pleasant, at any rate, to know
that he has found out enough about the crea-
ture's feelings to elevate science in the diree-i
tion of mercy. The story is briefly as fob'
lows : " Mr. Moggridge had been in the habit'
of immersing for preservation his different
specimens of spiders and ants in bottles of-
alcohol. He saw that they struggled for a
few minutes ; but he thought that sensation
was soon extinguished, and that they were
soon free from suffering. On one occasion he
wished to preserve a large female spider and
twenty-four of her young ones, that he had
captured. He put the mother into a bottle'
of alcohol and saw that, after a few moments,
she folded her legs upon her body and was at
rest. He then put into the bottle the young'
ones, who, of course, manifested acute pain.
What was his surprise to see the mother rouse
herself from her lethargy, dart around to and
gather her young ones to her bosom, fold her
arms over them, and again relapse into insen-
sibility, until at length death came to her
relief, and the limbs, no longer controlled by
this maternal instinct, released their grasp and
became dead I The effect of the exhibition
upon him is a lesson to our common human-
ity. He has applied chloroform before im-
mersion."
Judging from the above, the spider is cer-
tainly superior to the human animal, in the
fact that alcohol does not destroy her natural
affection. — Late Paper.
For "The Friend."
Will the Editors of" The Friend" give this
extract a place in their paper? hoping "a
word in season" may have its effect with some^
of our young people.
In early life our ancient friend, Moses
Brown, had been a member of the Free
Masons Lodge, but left it soon after he was
brought under serious convictions, and felt
bound to walk consistently with the Gospel
of Christ Jesus. He says: "About five yearsi
after I left the attendance of the lodge, I be-
came a member of the Society of Friends,
whose discipline was and is against the mem-'
bers of our religious Society joining in the
meetings or public entertainments of those
called Free Masons."
" It has long been known that Friends have
been opposed to all oaths, secret combina-
tions, and public parades — well knowing that
the vanity and exaltation of the human heart
are to be subdued and checked."
What Railway Bust is Composed of. — Joseph
Sidebotham has made a microscopical exami-
nation of dust blown into a railway carriage
near Birmingham (England). He says: "I
spread a paper on the seat of the carriage,
near the open window, and collected the dust
that fell upon it. Arough examination of this,
with a two-thirds power, showed a large pow
tion of fragments of iron, and, on applying a
soft iron needle, I found that many of them
were highly magnetic. They were mostly
long, thin and straight, the largest being
about l-150th of an inch, and, under the power
used, had the appearance of a quantity of old
nails. I then, with a magnet, separated the
iron from the other particles.
" The weight altogether of the dust col-
lected was 5-7 grains, and the proportion of
those particles composed wholly, or in part,
THE FRIEND.
71
f iron w^^ 29 grains, or more than one half,
^he iron thus separated consisted chierty of
ased particles of dross or burned iron, like
phnkers ;' many were more or less spherical,
|ke those brought to our notice -by — Dan-
br, from the flue of a furnace, but none so
tnooth ; they were all more or less covered
Kth spikes and excrescences, some having
jng tails, like the old 'Prince Rujiort's drops;'
lere were also many small, angular particles
ke cast iron, having crystalline structure.
, "The other portion of the dust consisted
,rgcly of cinders, some very bright angular
fagments of glass or quartz, a few bits of
ellow metal, ojiaque, white, and spherical
jdies, grains of sand, a few bits of coal, <fcc.
"After the examination of this dust, I could
isily understand why it had produced such
ritation ; the number of angular, pointed,
id spiked pieces of iron, and the scoria', or
inkers, being quite sufticient to account for
e uupleasant cflect.
" I think it probable that the magnetic
rips of iron are laminas from the rails and
•68 of the wheels, and the other iron parti-
es, portions of fused metal, either from the
al or from the furnace bars. The largo pro-
irtion of iron found in the dust is probably
?ing to the metal being heavier than the
dinary dust, and accumulating in cuttings
ch as those between the two stations named.
" Ifl had to travel much by railway through
at district, I should like to wear magnetic
ilway spectacles, and a magnetic respirator
dry weather." — Late Paper.
Selected.
Four Step.s that Lead to Peace.
Be desirous to do the will of another, rather
an thine own.
Choose always to have less rather than
3re.
Wish always and pray, that the will of God
»y be wholly fulfilled in thee.
Seek always the lowest place, and to be in-
ner to every one.
NATURE'S LESSONS.
There is a lesson in each flower,
A story in each stream and bower ;
On every herb o'er which we tread
Are written words which, rightly read,
Will lead us from earth's fragrant sod.
To hope and holiness and God.
THE FRIEND.
TENTH MONTH 18, 1873.
OHIO YEARLY MEETING.
The following account of the proceedings
this body has been furnished by a Friend
\\o was in attendance ;
Ohio Yearly Meeting convened on Second-
cy, nth mo. 2yth : the first sitting of the
beting of Ministers and Elders htiving been
Ud on Seventh-day previous. The Eepre-
Eitatives were all present except one, who
>is prevented from attending by indisposi-
t.n.
Minutes transmitted by the Select Meeting
( liehalf of Clarkson Sheppard, a minister,
Ij companion Joseph Scattergood, and Isaac
Ijrgan, a minister, members of Philadel-
1 ia Yearly Meeting, were read, and these
Jiends were recorded as acceptably in at-
tidance. A proposition was ottered by a
Jiend to appoint a committee to consider the
Ebject of correspondence with other bodies,
and if way should open for it, prepare essays
of Epistles to be laid before the Yearly Moot-
ing at a future sitting. In the remarks upon
this subject, particular reference was made to
Philadelphia Yearly Meeting, butupon solidly
considering the subject way did not open to
take any stop therein at present.
A minute of the Meeting for Sufferings was
read, stating that by reason of death and other
causes, the Yearly Meeting's representation
in that body had become considerably reduced.
The subject was referred to the Iveijresontativos
to propose a suitable number of Friends to bo
added thereto, to a future silting.
A committee was named to examine and
settle the Treasurer's account, consider of a
sum to be raised for the use of the mooting,
and propose a Friend to serve as Treasurer
the ensuing year.
Third-day, !)th mo. 30th. The Meeting of
Ministers and Elders again assembled at 8
o'clock. The General Yearly Meeting met at
11 o'clock. Report was made on behalf of the
Representatives that they were united in pro-
posing Wilson Hall as Clerk, and Joseph
Branson as assistant, who wore approved and
appointed. The (Queries and answers, as far
as the eighth, inclusive, were proceeded with,
in the course of which a lively exercise pre-
vailed in roforonce to several of the important
subjects thus brought into notice, and much
pertinent and instructive counsel was im-
parted. A minute expressive of the exercise
of the meeting was directed to be prepared
and produced at a future sitting.
Fourth-day, 10th mo. 1st. The meeting for
worship was hold in the morning. In the
afternoon the Report of the Boarding School
Committee was read : during the winter ses-
sion this school had been attended by aliout
58 scholars, and during the summer, 16. The
financial statement for the year showed a
balance in favor of the school. A proposition
was made by the committee that its numbers
should be increased by the addition of a few
Friends from Iowa, which was referred to the
Representatives, to report to a future sitting.
A minister from a distance opened a concern
to visit the women's meeting, which was ac-
complished at this sitting.
A report from the Book Committee was
read, stating that $393 had been expended in
the purchase of over 700 volumes and about
150 pamphlets relating to the doctrines and
testimonies of the Society, for circulation
among the momliers of the Y'early Meeting
and others. A number of these had been sold,
some gratuitously disposed of, and others
loaned. The Committee proposed that an
addition of $150 should be made to the funds
in their hands, which was approved. The
report was satisfactory, and the Committee
was continued and encouraged to prosecute
its labors in the dissemination of the approved
writings ot Friends.
A report from the committee to examine
the Treasurer's account was read, proposing
that 8400 should be raised for the use of the
meeting, the ensuing year.
Fifth-day, 10th mo. 2d. A minute express-
ing the concern of the meeting on several of
the subjects brought before it by the answers
to the Queries was read, bringing feelings of
tenderness over the meeting, and earnest de
sires that through the blessing of the Head of
the church, the fervent exercise which had
boon felt on those accounts might extend to
the removal of the deficiencies referred to,
and the comfort of their absent members.
The minuto was directed to be inserted in the
extracts to be printotl for distribution amoni'-
the subordinate meetings.
Report was maile that most of the Repre-
sentatives had met, and were united in pro-
posing the addition of several FrioTids from
Iowa upon the Bcjarding School Committee,
who were a])|iiiiritcd.
Several Friends were also proposed by the
Representatives as an addition to the meet-
ing's representation in the Meeting for Sutler-
ings, who were approved and appointed to
that service. The visit of a woman Friend
to the men's mooting was performed al this
sitting.
Reports from each of the (Quarterly Meet-
ings upon the subject of education, were read,
showing a total number of 8.")0 children of a
suitable age to attend school. Of those 302
had attended Friends' schools exclusively;
390 the district schools exclusively; 91 ha(i
attended mixed schools, and 67 had not gone
to school the past year. Friends were en-
couraged to maintain a lively interest in the
important subject of the education of tho
youth in schools under tho care of Friends.
The records sent up by tho respective Quar-
terly Meetings, of tho members of the Select
Meeting deceased during the year, were read.
On tho conclusion of the business of the mens'
and women's meetings rospectivol}', the shut-
ters dividing the apartments wore raised at
tho request of a ministering Friend, and atler
a religious opportunity, the meeting solemnly
concluded.
At times during tho transaction of its busi-
ness, and when gathered for the solemn pur-
pose of Divine worship, the overshadowing of
Ancient Goodness wasfolt in apeculiar manner
to be near the assembly, contriting, we believe,
many hearts into feelings of gratitude for the
renewal of the Lord's mercies, and afresh
animating them to faithfulness in tho support
of our christian doctrines and testimonies.
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
Foreign. — The London Times s.iys the population
of the British jrassessions beyond the seas, according to
official statements, was :i02,343,S72 in 1S71. British
India had 190,(i63,ti23 iiiliabitants; Australia, including
New Zealand and Tasmania, 1,978,748; Cape of Good
Hope and other African settlements, 1,333, .554 ; the
West India Islands, 1,0112,077 ; British North America
3,748,857 ; Mauritius, Hong Kong, Malta, British
Guiana and other colonies 3,-557,003 : total, exclusive
of the home population in the British Islands, 202,-
343,872.
Sir Samuel Baker, the distinguished African e.tplorer,
has returned with his wife to England.
A Dublin dispatch says the Irish Agricultural La-
borer's L'nion, in the event of the government failing to
settle the question of waste lands in Ireland, have de-
cided to emigrate to the United States en masse.
John Bright has issued an address to his constituents,
at Rochdale, proposing himself for re-election. He says
the post he has accepted in the government will put it
in his power to serve the principles which he has con-
stantly maintained, better than if he remained only a
member of Parliament. When unable longer to advance
these principles, or perform tho duties of the office, he
will retire.
An open air demonstration at Cork on the 12th inst.,
in favor of Fenian amnesty, home rule, anrl the rights
of labor, was attended by 20,000 persons. The proceed-
ngs were accompanied with much disorder.
Large shipments of specie from London to New York
continued during the week ending the 11th inst.
London, 10th mo. 13th.— Consols 92:| a 92i. On the
13th, three hundred and five thousand pounds sterling
in bullion, was withdrawn from the Bank of England
for shipment to the U. States.
Liverpool.— Uplands cotton, 9jrf. a 'J\d.; Orleans,
92d. a 9W.
72
THE FRIEND.
Twenty-seven members of the Municipal Council of
Paris have published an address in which they declare
that the Assembly has no right to alienate the national
sovereignty ; affirm that a majority of the people reject
the claim of the Count de Chambord to the throne of
France, and rer|uest the deputies from the Department
of the Seine to declare frankly how they propose to vote
when the question of a change in the government is
brought up in the Assembly.
A committee of the monarchical members of the
Assembly would meet on the 17th, to receive and con-
sider Count Chambord's final reply, and communicate
the result of the deliberations to the bureau of the As-
eembly.
Elections to fill vacant seats in the Assembly took
place the l'2th inst. in four depiirtments. Partial re-
turns indicate tlie success of the Republican candidates.
Grevy, formerly President of the Assembly, has de-
clared himself in favor of the Republic.
A Paris telegram to the Times states that Thiers in-
tends to advocate the prolongation of the term of Mac-
Mahon as President, thus depriving the monarcliists of
the support of the Left Centre, and probably precipita-
ting the dissolution of the monarchial coalition.
It is reported that when the Assembly is asked to
vote in favor of the restoration of the monarchy and
the elevation of the Count de Chambord to the throne
as King Henry V, Rouher will propose as a substitute
that the monarchical principle be established, but tliat
it be left to the country to decide which monarchy is
preferred.
Great interest is manifested in the trial of Marshal
Bazaine, at Versailles. The accusation charges him
with the responsibility for the surrender of Metz, and
the loss of the army which was the only hope of the
nation. It is alleged that he neglected to give proper
information of the situation so that precautions against
scarcity of provisions might have been taken, that he
failed to destroy the material of war left at Metz, while
he was careful to destroy all correspondence which
might compromise himself; for receiving in person
visits of German officers, and manifesting undue haste
to capitulate, having entered into negotiations with
Prince Frederick Charles before making an effort to
break his lines, &c.
The Republican deputies to the Assembly, on the
13th, waited on Thiers and tendered their congratula-
tions on the result of the recent elections. He e.xpressed
his gratification also because it would strengthen the
h.ands of the opponents of the monarchical schemes.
The Journal de Paris, on the other hand, declares that
the.se elections demonstrate the necessity for the restora-
tion of the monarchy to prevent impending anarchy.
The German Ministers of Commerce and the Interior,
have issued instructions to the district authorities to
expel all emigration agents who are domiciled in Ger-
many.
The Emperor of Austria will visit the Emperor of
Russia at St. Petersburg, near the close of the year.
Madrid dispatches announce the defeat of a large body
of Carlists in the province of Navarre. A column of
2000 insurgents made a desperate sortie from Cartagena
on the 7th inst., but was driven back with heavy loss
in killed and wounded.
A battalion of Greeks having tendered their services
In defence of the Republic, President Castelar has ad-
dressed them a letter thanking them for their oftijr, but
refusing to accejit it.
The insurgent fleet of four war vessels attacked the
government sijuadron, near Cartagena, on thellth inst.
The insurgent vessels were considerably injured and
were compelled to return to Cartagena harbor. The
inhabitants of the city have been notified that a general
bombardment by sea and land will .soon take place.
The Mexican Congress has decided on a separation
of Church and State; no laws shall be made establish-
ing or prohibiting any religion. Matrimony is to be a
civil contract. Religious institutions cannot hold pro-
perty. A simple promise to speak the truth, with ]icn-
alties in case of violation, is substituted for the religious
oath. The laws do not recognize mon;i.stic orders, or
jiermit their establishment under any pretence. The
Jesuita have been ordered to leave Mexico at the first
opportunity afforded by American, English or French
packets. The new constitution, and the reforms pro-
posed by it, are bitterly denounced by the Catholic
priesthood, and excommunication is threatened to all
persons who recognized the innovations. The President
of Mexico has issued a call commanding all ofhcers and
employes of the Republic, to atlirm, without any reser-
vation, and to guard and cause to be guarded, the addi-
tions to the constitution. These things they are re-
quired to do, or they cannot continue in their several
charges or employments. These important additions to
the constitution were proclaimed on the 2.3th ult.
The great storm of 8th mo. 24th and 2oth, off the
coasts of Newfoundland and Nova Scotia, and in the
Gulf of vSt. Lawrence, destroyed 1122 vessels, 43-5 of
which were small fishing schooners. The estimated
number of lives lost at .sea and on land by this terrible
storm, is about six hundred. The New England fish-
ing interests have suffered heavy losses.
United States. — The interments in Philadelphia
last week numbered 263. There were 39 deaths of con-
sumption, 19 debility, 13 convulsions, 11 apoplexy, 10
marasmus.
New York had 4.52 deaths last week.
Shreveport, Louisiana, has been almost depopulated
by yellow fever. The disease is also making terrible
ravages in Memphis, Tennessee.
According to a recent official statement, the debt of
the city and county of New York amounts to §136,208,-
961, with a sinking fund of $23,238,612.
The question of annexation was voted on in Boston
and the adjacent towns of Charlestown, Brighton and
West Roxbury, last week, and it was decided that these
suburban towns should be added to Boston, thus giving
it a population of over 300,000.
The manufacture of beet sugar promises to be suc-
cessful in California. It is stated that the factory in
.Sacramento will make this year 8000 barrels of sugar,
valued at over S200,000.
The exports of produce from New I'ork h.ave been
heavy for several weeks past. In the week ending the
10th inst. they amounted to $8,378,130, and in the two
previous weeks about $13,000,000.
The petroleum trade of this j'ear shows a large in-
crease over 1872. During the nine months ending 9th
mo. 30th, 97,.535,9S7 gallons were exported. The daily
production is estimated at from 26,000 to 27,000 barrels.
The business of the Pennsylvania railroad during the
Ninth month was unprecedentedly large. The number
of cars which arrived at the Philadelphia depot was
65,310, requiring 114 daily freight trains. Forty-two
passenger trains also arrived and left the depot every
day, giving an aggregate of 156 daily trains. In 1872
only 77 daily freight trains were required for its busi
ness.
The valuation of the taxable property of St. Louis
for the current year consists of real estate $166,90.3,230,
and personal $33,548,260. The taxes amount to $4,
977,803.
The Markets, &c. — The following were the quotations
on the 13th inst. New York. — American gold, 108f.
U. S. sixes, 1881, 114}; ditto, 1865, llOj; ditto, 1862,
106J ; 10-40, 5 per cents, lu6i. Superfine fiour, $5.40
a $6 ; State extra, $6.35 a 1-6.70 ; finer brands, $7 a
$10.50. Red western wheat, $1.54; No. 1 Chicago
spring, $1.40 ; No. 2 do., $1.32 a $1.35; No. 3 do., $1.30.
West Canada barley, $1.75. Oats, 48 a 54 ct,s. Western
mixed corn, 59 a 60 cts. ; yellow, 62 a 62J cts. Phila
delphia. — Middlings cotton, 18 a 192 cts. for uplands
and New Orleans. Superfine fiour, $4 a $4.75 ; extras,
$5 a $6.25 ; finer brands, $7 a $10. White wheat, $1.70
a $1.80; amber, $1.65; red, $1.50 a $1.55. Rye, 95
cts. Yellow corn, 65 ct,s. 0.ats, 49 a 54 cts. Ham
14 a 16 cts. Lard, 8J a 8^ cts. Cloverseed, 91 a 10 cts.
Beef cattle dull. About 3900 head were sold at 6| a
cts. per lb. gross for extra, 5.1 a Oi cts. for fair to good
and 4 a 5 cts. per lb. for common. About 12,000 sheep
.sold at 5 a 6] cts. per lb. gross, and 8,000 hogs at S7 a
$7.25 per 100 lb. net. Chicago. — No. 1 spring wheat,
$1.06i a $1.07; No. 2 do., $1.01 a $1.02; No. 3 do., 95
cts. JSTo. 2 mixed corn, 36j cts. Oats, 32 cts. Lard,
7h a 7| cts. St. Louis. — No. 2 winter red wheat, $1.55;
No. 3 fall red, $1.33 ; No. 2 spring, 98i cts. No. 2
mixed corn, 44 cts. Oats, 35 cts.
FRIENDS' BOARDING SCHOOL FOR INDIAN
CHILDREN, TUNESASSA, NEW YORK.
A teacher of the .school will be wanted at the com
mencement of the Spring term.
Application may be made to
Ebenezer Worth, Marshallton, Chester Co., Pa.
Jo.seph Scattergood, 413 Spruce St., Philada.
Aaron Sharpless, Street Road P. O., Chester
Co., Pa.
Thomas Wistar, Fox Chase P. O., Philada.
FRIENDS' ASY'LUM FOR THE INSANE.
Near Frankford, (Twenty-third Ward,) Philadelphia.
Physician and Superintendent — Joshua H. Worth
INQTUN, M. D.
Applications for the Admission of Patients may be
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Board of
Managers.
NOTICE.
The Annual Meeting of the Auxiliary Bible Associa
tion of Friends of Philadelphia Quarterly Meeting wil i
be held at No. 109 North Tenth Street, on Fourth- da |
evening, the 29th inst., at 72 o'clock.
A. M. KiMBER,
Philada. 10th mo. 10th, 1873. Secretary.
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
The Winter Session will open on the 3rd <
Eleventh month. Friends intending to .send pupils t
the Institution are requested to make early applicatio;
to A.vron Sharpless, Sup't, Street Ro.ad P. 0
Chester Co., Pa., or to Charles J. Allen, Treasure!
304 Arch St., Philadelphia.
Died, at the Presbyterian Hospital in New York, o
the 14fh of 6th month, 1873, Amos W. Foster, c ,
Westerly R. I., son of Thomas and Phebe Foster, age
31 years. Having undergone a snrgical operation fo
aneurism, which proved unsuccessful, it was t'oun j
necessary to amputate his leg. Long continued suffeil
ing having prostrated his strength and secondary hen'
orrhage coming on, he did not long survive. He ha
manifested great integrity from early life, and had of
times evinced deep religious feeling. .After the fir
operation, feeling that his recovery was doubtful, he bi
came deeply concerned for the salvation of his sou
expressing his regret that he had not been more faiti
ful to the recjuirements of the Saviour .as revealed b I
his Spirit in the heart, saying it would be but just if 1-
was cast off forever. The conviction that he had som'
times shunned the cross in regard to dress and addres
brouglit much distress and contiict, and he remarke.
" If I recover I must wear the plainest of clothe< ai
use the plainest of language, and perhaps bear the seul
of men." On one occasion he .said to his wife, " I struji
gled last night for two or three hours beseeching tl'
Lord .lesus that He would once more have pity on mi
not for health or even life; but for his invincible an
of power to be round about me. And how earnest
did I crave that ray will might be broken, and that'
might be just what He would have me to be." Afti
this, his deeply penitent soul found forgiveness, and 1
patiently waited for the Lord to direct the event. I
another time he said, " It seems to me if the earth evi
needed shaking it is at the present time. I ha\
thought since lying here, how many pursue with gre
eagerness their business or pleasure, with .scarcely
thought of their salvation, or of their awfully respo;
sible duty to God and their fellow creatures." Ad
again he repeated, with much feeling "Strait is tl|
gate and narrow is the way which leadeth unto life, ac
few there be that find it." He sent messages of love
all his young friends at home, and expressed his co
cern for their spiritual welfare, but that he was fearf!
some of them would not bear the cross and despise tl
shame as becometh a christian. He w.as frequently e
gaged in prayer not only for himself but for his de:,
wife, encouraging her to frequent, fervent prayer f
herself, and earnestly enjoining on lier to bring up the
son " strictly to fear the Lord," " begin early and teac
him in a way that he will not think it is all outwai
make him feel that it is really inward, in hi.s heart
He frequently spoke of his own dear home, and saidl
would have preferred to die there, but had no will
his own ; adding, " if he felt an assurance of being a^
cepted in the Beloved, it mattered not where or when'
After the secondary hemorrhage commenced he ejac'
lated, " Lord Jesus receive my spirit." "I long to di'
part and be with .lesus." He passed away without;!
struggle, and, as we reverently believe to the mansioj
of rest and peace. i
, near Gordonsville, Va., 8th mo. 19th, 187'
Samuel W. Smedley, a member of the Monthly Me('
ing of Friends of Philadelphia for the Northern Di
trict, in the 43d year of his age. Having, in his earh
life, been drawn from the ])alli of self-denial, he passi
through much suffering ami ilistress of mind on accou.
thereof. He was humbled and contrited under a sen
of his transgres-sions, and as the end drew near, w
earnestly concerned to know the work of regenerati(
to be accomplished : saying that he could not be sat:,
fied with the doctrine of some who say : " Only belies
and the work is done for us." His friends have tl
comforting belief, that through the mercy of God
Christ .Tesus, his sins were washed away, and an adni \
tancc granted among the redeemed of all generations,
, on the 29th of Ninth month, 1873, BenjaM
Lowrv, in the 64th year of his age, a member of tl
Monthly Meetingof Friends of Philadelphia. "Blessi
are those servants whom the Lord, when He comet
shall find watching."
HE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. XLVII.
SEVEXTH-DAY, TENTH MONTH L'o, 1873.
NO. 10.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
•rice Two Dollars per annum, if paid in advance. Two
dollars and fifty cents, if not paid in advance.
JOHN S. STOKES,
IT NO. 116 VORTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS,
; PHILADKLPHIA.
ostage, when paid quarterly in advance, five cents.
For " Tlie FrienJ."
I Ask for the Old Pallis, and Walk Therein,
i The following are e.\tracts from Annual
^jpistles of London Yearly- Meeting, at a
iieriod when the good old principles and tes-
limonies of the Society were precious, and in-
[uleated with care. Alas, for the change after
bange since that day ! It almost makes one's
leart sick to retrospect the moi-e recent past,
D view of the refining upon, and the remodel-
ag of the ancient practicfs and doctrines
?hich has obtained there, and which, as woe
acceeds woe, is still lamentably troing on.
Ivor since the creeping in of degeneracy — the
eginning of the revolutionary wave — with
uch deterniinaleness of purpose have some
aught to throw overboard one testimony
fter another, that we feel almost safe in say-
ig, that fewer steps remain than those al-
3ady taken, to bring our Society there back
J the bondage which our early Friends came
ut from.
Amid all this, it is gratifying to see that
Dme in that Yearly Meeting are brought un-
er painful apprehensions, with sorrow and
iffering on these accounts. May such in that
ind, with an atflicted remnant in this, seek
) dwell near to the unfailing Source of ever-
.sting strength, and with earnest, prayerful
pplication of soul, beseech Him, who is still
oaong this people and is mighty to deliver,
lat He would j-et spare and pity; that He
'onld again turn our captivity ; that He would
sstore judges as at the first, and counsellors
i at the beginning ; and more and more mag-
ify his name and kingdom in the earth.
1715. "There still remains a weighty con-
srn upon us, for the whole church to labor
ad travail in deep humility, self-denial, and
rvent supj^lication to the God and Father of
1 our mercies, that we be at peace among
irselves, and follow those things which make
ir peace and concord in all the churches of
'hrist; whereby we may enjoy consolation in
im, and the comfort of true love. For this
id be very watchful against the contranj spirit
■id work of division, that there may not be
:y breach, schism, or discord amongst us.
he Lord is one ; and his name, power and
)irit one ; and he hath called us to be one, in
larity, in principle, and in practice. Let us
all, therefore, diligently follow and pursue the
same, according to the degrees of that divine
grace, wisdom and understanding given us of
God, through the dear Son of his love, Jesus
Christ, our only Mediator. And let us all
-^■-'V. -..fl V i>^'^»- " iiiiu. auu !■... - .,,\)ie, '" "■■'
divine light and spirit, wherein Satan (the
adversary, the devil, the murderer and divi-
der) hath no place ; that the power of Christ
Jesus, in whom the prince of the world hath
nothing, may reign over all forever ; to whose
name and power every knee must bow, aijd
tongue confess. We pray God that Friends
every where may trul}' reverence his name
and power, and be mindful of his kingdom
and ifovernnient over all."
"The sufferings of Friends, brought in this
year from England and Wales, amount to four
thousand nine hundred pounds and upvvards
for tithes, and these called church rates, Ac.
But chiefly' on account of the former.
"We understand also, that although since
last Yearly Meeting nine Friends have been
discharijed from imprisonment, there j'et re-
main nine other prisoners in divers parts of
England, mostly ou account of tithes: and
one Friend hath died a prisoner.*
" A tender concern being upon the spirits of
many brethren, for the keeping up our ancient
testimonies in the truth against pride, and the
vain fashions atid customs of the world; it is
desired and ailvised, that Friends in all places
(in the wisdom of God) endeavor to train up
their children in the fear of the Lord, and be
good examples to them, in keeping to the cross
f Christ, both in plainness of habit and
speech ; and that none do countenance or con-
nive at them, in going from the ancient sim-
plicity of the Truth, in which we have appeared
as a people called of God, to bear testimony
to his name ; nor make light of those testimonies,
which by our ancient Friends (who trod the
way before us) were borne through great
perils and dangers, to the hazarding the lives
and estates of manj'; the weight of whose ex-
ercises remains fresh upon the minds of a
remnant, to the stirring up of a godly zeal in
them against all false liberty, and sinful ease
in the flesh, which is too apt to grow up among
some professing the same Truth with us, in
this our day, for want of due icatchfulness and
obedience to the light of Christ, and keeping low
and hwnble before the Lord; by reason where-
of, many evils got in amongst us; viz: Pride
of apparel; making of mixed marriages with
persons of contrary judgment; bowing, and
giving flattering titles to men ; the sajnng of
ye or you, to a single person ; and calling the
days of the week, and the months, hy heathen
names, to the declining of Truth's testimony,
and giving occasion of stumbling to such as
are seeking after the knowledge of the same,
as it is in Jesus. These things are cause of
* It will be seen by this — and similar records are not
infrequent — that Friends in the early da)' suffered for
this rhnslian teslvmony even unto death.
sorrow of heart and trouble to the Israel of
God; yea, cause ofgr.'at mourning; and call
for hunidintion ami anwndinent in the camp of
God ; that every evil and hurtful thing being
-""''' ^^%coVmnyMtf)m'-jn\\.,_rMy against aR
snares and temptations; that the blessing of
God, in which there is no sorrow, may rest
upon and abound in the whole church of
Christ.
"And that our children may be jjreservcd
from the wiles of Satan, as much as in us lies,
let a godly care and concern bo upon the
minds of all parents to watch over them, with
supplications to the Lord, that the}' he not
drawn away from the innocency, simplicity
and plainness of the way of rruth ; and labor,
in a sense of Truth, to reach the witness in
them, that they may feel in their own spirits
a degree of fear and reverence towards God ;
and instruct them to follow his counsel, and
obej- his voice ; as the tribes of Israel were
reipiired of God to teach his precepts dili-
gently unto their children. Deut. vi. 7. So
be you concerned to acquaint them how the
Lord led you from one (b^gree of faithfulness
to another, in a denial of the world's corrupt
waj's, language and customs : which while we
(in disobedience to him) wall<ed in, we could
not enjoy true peace : but as we bore the cross,
and bowed to his will, we had an evidence of
acceptance with him. And be careful that
none of you, by a neglect herein, become e.^-
araples unto them to depart from the Scrip-
ture language, wherein is true propriety of
speech."
1728. " At this time, as at several other
times in former years, it hath been the con-
cern of this meeting to advise upon particular
occasions, and in particular cases; which oc-
casions could not 0 ffer themselves m this manner,
if all F'riends, who make profession of the
holy Truth with us, did duly regard the teach-
ings of the grace of God in themselves, and
obey the advice of that wonderful ('ounsellor;
because it is most certain, that all those who
do or shall attend to the teachings and coun-
sel of the Holy Spirit of (4od, will find cause
to say, with the Psalmist, "Thy command-
ment is exceeding broad ;" for by it all may
be sufficiently instructed, and prepared to
every good work.
Finally, dear Friends, our beginning was in
the Spirit, and our comfortable fellowship is
under the holy influences of it; therefore let
all be diligent in waiting on God for the re-
ncwings thereof, and watching in it, whereby
the snares of the evil one may be seen and
avoided, and we continue a people, to the praise
of His name, who hath called us out of dark-
ness into his marvellous light, and therein
shine, as his children before the world. And
we earnestly pray the Father of all our mer-
cies may keep you blameless unto the day of
the coming of his Son, our Lord Jesus Christ ;
in the fellowship of whose Spirit we salute
j'ou, and remain your friends and brethren."
74
THE FRIEND.
For "The Friend."
The Isles of Shoals.
This small group of barren islands, off the
coast of New Hampshire, which for several
years past has been a place of much resort
during the summer months on account of its
singularly equable and bracing climate, is the
subjectof an historical sketch by J.S. Jenness,
lately published, some portions of which seem
of more than local interest. These rocky
islets, now nearly uninhabited, are shown to
have'been at one time of considerable import
ance during the early settlement of New Eng-
land. The following passages are extracted :
_.i'.Tiie islands are not, in themselves, more
New England coast. They are bui, eua'ft'is of
bulging granite, weather-bleached, tossed over
with boulders of all sizes, ragged and torn on
the edges where they confront the ocean, and
everywhere of a broken, irregular surface.
No smooth ground is upon them, except a few
acres of mowing land on Haley's, and a few
vegetable gardens upon Star. They are wholly
destitute of trees, and even of shrubs, except
huckleberry and bayberry bushes, woodbines,
wildroses, and such like, wherever in the
crevices of the rocks the shallow roots have
found a handful of soil. Moreover, this dearth
of vegetable life is naturally accompanied by
a scarcity of animal life. Land animals are
rarely seen; singing birds find little hereto
attract their stay. The stillness of the islands,
in calm weather, is profound ; their barrenness
absolute.
"The reason of the preference these bare
Islets have acquired as a ' loatering place,' is
not, however, far to seek. It is to be found
chiefly in their climate.
"The easterly winds that sweep landward
over New England, are caught in the north
by the long coast of Acadia and Maine, and
emptied into Casco Bay; while, on the south,
the projecting arms of Cape Cod and Cape Ann
gather them up and pour them into the 'Bay
of the Massachusetts.' Thence come the cheer-
less fogs, and mists, and soaking rains, which
visit so frequently the region of Boston and
Portland, while, at the same time, the shores
of New Hampshire, at an equal distance be-
tween these cities, rejoice in clear skies and
gentle breezes. Impressed with the import-
ance of this circumstance, we have taken
pains to collate such meteorological observa-
tions at those three points as were accessible.
The result show a wider discrepancy than we
had suspected.
"According to the careful observations
taken by the officers of the Medical depart-
ment of the array, at Fort Pi-eble in Portland
Harbor, Fort Constitution at Newcastle, and
Fort Independence at Boston, during the
period from 1831 to 1843, it turns out, that
■while there are during the year, on the aver-
age, fift3'-eight rainy days at Portland, and
nearly fifty-eight at Boston, there are but
twenty-five at the Piscataqua. The mean
annual rain-fall at Portland is thirty-seven
inches, at Boston forty-two inches, and at
Portsmouth but thirty inches. On the other
hand, while the average temperature of the
summer months is at Portland GG° Fahr., and
at Boston (58°, that of Portsmouth is but 63°.
The mean annual range of temperature at
Fort Preble is 100.66^ Fahr., at Fort Inde-
pendence in Boston 96.75°, at Portsmouth
92.20°; the bleak easterly winds blow oa the
average at Portland 86 days in the year, at
Boston 118 days, at Portsmouth but 81 days.
" The Isles of Shoals thus depend very
largely upon the exceptional beauty of their
summer climate for their charm. Seated with-
in dim view of the mainland, the summer
winds from all quarters are tempered and re-
freshed by the wide expanse of ocean around
them ; the thermometer is singularly steady ;
sudden changes are rare ; the skies are clear ;
the sea is blue and bright; pleasant breezes
cool the blood and brace the nerves, and sleep
is relaxed and soothed by the perpetual plash
of a slumberous ocean. Sometimes, indeed,
the tempest rises in its wrath and awakes old
ocean from its repose, and then, for a space,
this fierce mood is not the habitual temper of
the place during the summer months.
" 'The Isles of Shoals played a more impor-
tant part in the earl}' history of New England,
than the general reader would probably ima-
gine. Long before the landing of the Pilgrim
Fathers, these barren rocks were visited and
described by the French and English navi-
gators, and were the annual resort of fisher-
men Irom Virginia and maritime Europe.
Indeed, when we consider that during the
entire sixteenth century, fleets of fishing ves-
sels yearly visited our eastern waters, we are
justified in conjecturing, that for many lustres
of years anterior to the settlement of New
England, the commodiousness of the Isles of
Shoals for the prosecution of the fisheries
must have, summer after summer, attracted
thither the Doggers and Pinckes of the Eng-
lish ; the clumsey Busses of Holland and Zea-
land, the light Fly-Boats of Flanders, the
Biskiner, and the Portingal, and many another
of those odd high-peaked vessels, whose models
seem so quaint, and whose rig is so incompre-
hensible to us of the present day."
In 1614 these islands were visited and
named by Captain John Smith, of early Vir-
ginia history, who "came out in command of
two London ships upon a fishing and trading
voyage;" "ranged the whole New England
coast as far as Cape Cod, and trucked success-
fully with the natives for peltries."
Shortly after his arrival in England, he pub-
lished his interesting account of our coast,
which, by the leave of Prince Charles, he
named New England. " Among the remark-
ablest Isles and mountains tor landmarks,"
writes Capt. Smith in his description of New
England, "are Smith's Isles, a heape together,
none neare them, against Accominticus."
In 1623 the group was described by a Capt.
Levett, as follows: "The first place I set my
foot upon in New England was the Isles of
Shoulds, being islands in the sea, about two
leagues from the main.
" Upon these islands I neither could see one
good timber tree, nor so much ground as to
make a garden.
" The place is found to bo a good fishing
place for six ships, but mora cannot well be
there, for want of convenient stage room, as
this year's experience hath proved.
" The harbor is but inditt'erent good. Upon
these islands are no savages at all."
"Captain Levett's brief description of the
Shoals illustrates the importance of that sta-
tion, even so early as 1623. When we con-
sider, that each of the six fishing vessels at
the Islands, while he was there, carried at
least fifty men, as he informs us was the cus-
tom, and that the shoros were iocoaveniently
crowded with fishing stages, we perceive thalj
even before the first settlement of the main
land, our group of Islets was already the seen
of a' busier activity, than any other spot ii
New England, north of New Plymouth. _ ji
" It was the usual course of the fishery, if
those days, for about one-third of each cre\
to live ashore, and attend to the drying aii(|
curing of the catch, while the remainder, ill
their pinnace and shallops, cruised about thl
neighboring ocean in quest of mackerel or coc
Shelter for the large number of shoremen ou
of these six ships would, of course, bo esseii
tial, and numerous cabins, however rudd
must have already been built for their acconi
modation.
aTiv>„ 'flohina staofCS.' which Capt. Level
speaks of, were floating platforms, projectin:
trom the margin of the Islands into the watei
of the harbor, and the rocks at the shore en
were roofed over by an open shed, used fc
the splitting and salting of the fish, whiC'
were afterwards dried upon the flakes in tl:
rear. These structures which are still use
in Newfoundland, were somewhat expensivi
and convenient st ige-room for their erectioi
upon the generally steep shores of the Islan6|
was difficult to obtain. For many years, oi
this account, the stage-room and fishing stagi,
formed the most valued part of the islander,
property. The circumstance that the barbc
was inconveniently crowded with stages ji
the time of Captain Levett's visit, conveys
lively idea of the extent of business alread;
transacted there. •■
" In addition to all these advantages for tij
fisheries, the Isles of Shoals enjoyed in thel
climate a very marked advantage over oth'
parts of the New England coast, in the curit,
of their fish for the market. The dryness ar
salubrity of their atmosphere, to which V
have referred, enabled the fishermen to pi
pare by a process of alternate drying ai
sweating, without salt, the famous dun >
dumb fish, which could not be rivalled elfi
where. The market price of these fish w
three or four times that of the Poor John a«
Haberdine, made at Newfoundland. With
the present century, we find the Labrad
cod selling in our market at $2.40 per quinti
while the Shoals-cured dun fish brought $8.t
per quintal."
" Among those who visited the Shoals
this early period must not be forgotten t|
great name of Bichard Mather, the found
and progenitor of that ■ decenwirate' of Mat'
ers, who exercised such an important infli
ence over the early histoi'y of New Englani
" Richard Mather writes, in the diary of t
voyage to New England, under date of A
gust 14, 1635 : —
" ' This evening by moonlight, about tea i
the-clock, we came to anchor at the Isles
Shoals, which are seven or eight islands ai
other great rocks, and there slept sweetly tW
night, until break of day.'
" In the morning, however, one of the raC
terrible easterly storms broke on the S( |
that has ever been known in New Englni 1
'Whereby,' continues Ilichard, 'we were
as much danger as I think ever people wei
For we lost in that morning three great ;
chors, and cables; of which cables, one, hi j
ing cost £50, never had been in any wat'
before ; two were broken by the violence '
the waves, and the third cut by the seam
in extremity and distress, to save the sb
and thoir and our lives. And whoa our cab. i
THE FRIEND.
75
,nd anchors were all lost, we had m^ outward
oeans of deliverance, but by loosing sail, if so
le we might get to the sea from amongst
he islands and rocks where we anchored,
iut the Lord let us see that our sails could
lot save us neither; no more than our cables
,nd anchors. For, by the force of the wind
ind rain, the sails were rent in sunder and
plit in pieces, as if they had been but rotten
■ags, so that of the foresail and spritsail there
vas scarce left so much as a hand breadth that
vas not rent in pieces and blown away into
,he sea. So that at this time, all hope that
ve should be saved, in regard of any outward
ippearance, was utterlj' taken away ; and
'ather because we seemed to drive with full
brce of wind and rain directl3' upon a mighty
•ock, standing out in sight above the water ;
10 that we did but continually wait, when we
ihould hear and feel the doleful rushing and
irashing of the ship upon the rock. In this
extremity and appearance of death, as distress
ind destruction would suffer us, we cried unto
ihe Lord, and he was pleased to have compas
,ion and pity upon us; for by his overruling
?rovidence and his own immediate good hand,
le guided the ship past the rock, assuaged the
violence of the sea and of the winds and the
■ain, and gave us a little respite to fit the
ship with other sails and sent us a fresh gale
)f wind, by which we went on that day to-
ward Cape Ann. It was a day much to be
•emembered, because on that day the Lord
Tranted us as wonderful a deliverance, as I
ihink ever people had, out of as apparent
ianger, as I think ever people felt. I am
sure our seamen confessed they never knew
:he like. The Lord so imprint the memorj"
if it on our hearts, that we maybe better for
t, and be more careful to please him, and to
(valk uprightly before him, as long as we live ;
ind I hope we shall not forget the passages
Df that morning until our dying day.'
"'The mighty rock,' past which the imme-
diate good hand of Providence guided the
James of Bristol on this fearful morning was
probably White Island, the westernmost of
the Isles of Shoals.
" The three great anchors, which Mather's
ship then lost, still lie, no doubt, beneath the
waters of the Shoals harbor; most interesting
relics, could they be recovered, of the first
generation of our Puritan Fathers, and par-
ticularly of one of the greatest families among
them.
" The tempest in which she was caught was,
perhaps, the most furious that ever visited
these exposed Islands. Nearly all thecontem-
iporaneous writers of New England describe
jts violence with dismay. Saj-s Morton, who
■witnessed it at New Plymouth : ' It was
each a mighty storm of wind and rain, as
inone now living in these parts, either English
lor Indian, had seen the like, being like unto
[those hurricanes or tutfins that writers men-
tion to be in the Indies. It began in the
.morning a little before day, and grew not by
[degrees, but came with great violence in the
ibeginning, to the great amazement of many;
it blew down sundry houses and uncovered
I divers others; many vessels were lost at sea
lin it, and many more in extreme danger. It
caused the sea to swell in some places to the
southward of Plj-mouth, as that it rose to
twenty feet right up and down, and made
many of the Indians to climb into trees for
safety. It blew down many hundred thou
sands of trees, turning up the stronger by the
roots, and breaking the high pine trees and
such like in the midst, and the tall young oak
and walnut trees of good bigness were wound
as withes b^- it, very strange and fearful to
behold ; the marks of it will remain this many
years in those parts where it was forest. The
moon sutlercd u great eclipse two nights alter
it.'
" Winlhrop adds, that such was the violence
of the teni]K'st at sea, that in Boston harbor
there were two flood tides within two hours
of each other."
The golden age of the Isles of Shoals, was
themiddleof the seventeenth century. "Thei
population was at that time larger than at
an)' other point in the Eastern provinces;
trade and commerce were exten.sive ; the fish-
eries were pursued with activity ; the little
harbor was tilled with shallops and pinnaces;
the neighboring sea was dotted with sails,
sweeping in and out ; the rocks now so silent
and deserted, resounded with clamor and
bustled with business, — everywhere boister-
ous hilarity, animal enjoyment, exuberant
spirits, cheerful and varied activity.
"It was a motlj' population, with all the
reckless and improvident habits of sailors and
fishermen, and with all their hardihood, cour-
age and spirit of adventure — a dauntless race,
accustomed to contend against the most tre-
mendous and appalling forces of Nature, when
to quail or to tremble was to be lost. Their
' fearful trade' taught them such lifelong les-
sons of self-reliance, as almost to obliterate
from their minds the very sense of Divine
protection and aid."
" Neither was the shifting, heterogeneous
character of the population conducive to so-
briety or stability. These barren rocks were
the resort of the Letter of Marque, and the
pirate, who in early days infested the gulf of
Maine ; of the whaler and seal hunter, and of
many a refugee and runagate from the old
world. Cavaliers, on the downfall of the royal
cause, may have here found convenient hid
ing ; and perhaps some ship of Prince Rupert's
fleet, scattered and broken in West India
waters, maj' have here, among sympathizing
friends, found refuge and means to refit.
" It must needs have been a picturesque spot
in those early times. In the sunny summer
days, when the wind failed, great hulking
fishermen, in red Monmouth caps, leathern
jerkins and clumsy boots, lolling listlessly
"about the rocks, smoking Brazil tobacco, and
waiting patiently for a breeze — fishwives gar-
rulously mending nets in the sun — ragged
urchins at their boisterous games up and down
the lanes of the hamlet — groups of idlers
hanging around the ordinaries and ale houses
— long'flakes spread with drying fish — the
harbor dotted with ketches and pinnaces at
anchor — the smoking cottage chimneys — the
^littering sea — the distant coast line dozing
in a blue haze.
"By-and-by the blue catspaws are seen on
the ocean, tlie breeze freshens, and within a
half hour the whole scene changes. Away
to the east and north the vessels scatter and
disappear. Hardly an able bodied man is loft
on the Islands. The settlements are left in
guard of women. Silence settles down on the
rocks, broken only by shrill voices, or the
occasional yelp of some village cur. The
Islands await in silence the fishermen's re
turn.
" As the twilight comes on, the fishing
boats, one by one, come winging home. The
wind has hauled out to the eastward, a fog
rolls in behind them, the weather looks threat-
ening. And now many a li^landcr, t'aught
creeping along the neighboring coasts, shal-
loi)s, pinnaces, ketches and fieets of fishing
craft of every kind, scud into the harbor for
a night's refuge; and it is not long before the
silent rocks resound witii revelry."
" But now nothing except the tumbled walls
of a ruined and abandoned hamlet, so rare to
see in New England, remain to attest the
former existence upon tiiese celebrated Islets,
of the busy and boisterous settlement we have
pictured. With the decline of the fisheries,
the population have dei)arted, and the sea-
mews, after an absence of two centuries, have
returned to their ancient haunts.
" 'A heape of rocks' was Lho first English
description of the Isles of Shoals — 'a heap of
crags,' strangely enough, is also the last. In
the fine language of Lowell : —
" ' A he.ip of bare and splintery crags,
Tumbled about by lightning and frost,
With rifts, .and chasms, and sturm-bleachcdjags,
That wait and growl for a ship to be lost.
No island ; but rather the skeleton
Of a wrecked and vengeance-smitten one.'"
For "The Friend."
In one of John Newton's autumnal excur-
sions, he paid a visit to Hannah More, at her
cottage at Cowslip Green ; and on her recovery
from a severe attack of illness in 1799, he ad-
dressed her the following letter :
" Pottswood Green, Sept. 1799.
"My Dear Madam: — I wrote a few lines
when j'ou were at Clapham, to tell you that
I sympathized with you in your illness, and
prayed for your recovery. Many prayers
were doubtless offered for you. and the Lord
heard and answered them. But before I knew
whether you were so far recovered as to bear
a visit from mo, I heard that you had removed
to Fulham. Thus I missed the pleasure of
seeing you, and shall probabi}- see you no
more in this world. For though I thank the
Lord, my health and spirits are still good, I
entered my seventy-fifth j'ear almost a month
ago; and t feel that the shadows of the even-
ing are coming over me. However, I would
be'^thankful that I ever saw you ; and especi-
ally that I had the privilege of seeing you at
Cowslip Green : I number that among the
happiest days of my life. The recollection of
it will be pleasant, while I retain my memory;
and ere long I hope we shall meet before the
throne, and join in unceasing songs of praise
to Him who loved us. There our joys will be
unclouded, without interruption, abatement,
or end ! Opraudarum diem !
" If old age gives me a prospect of death
— sickness, like telescope, often presents a
clearer view ; whilst it is. as I hope, with j'ou,
as yet at a distance. Perhaps when you were
ill you could perceive the objects within the
veil, bej'ond this visible diurnal sphere, more
distinctly than at other times. I have known
but little of sickness of late years. I attempt
to look through the telescope of faith, which
o-ives reality and substance to things not seen,
but the glasses are cloudy, and my hands
shake, so that I can obtain imt very imperfect
and transient glances; but a glance into the
heavenly state is worth all that can be seen
here below in the course of a long life.
" If the Lord be with us (as He has promised
that He will) in the approaching transition,
we may go forward without fear. Guilt and
ignorance have personified death ; they repre-
76
THE FRIEND.
sent him with frowns on his brow, and darts
in his hand. But what is death to a believer
in Jesus? It is simply a ceasing to breathe.
If we are personiiied we may welcome it as a
messenger sent to toll us that the days of our
mourning are ended and to open to us the
gate into everlasting life. The harbingers of
death, — sickness, pain and conflict, — are fre
quently formidable to the flesh, but death
itself is nothing else than a deliverance from
them all.
" The apostle calls the body a tabernacle or
tent; when a tent is taken down, the removal
of the boards or curtains will let in light quite
new and difierent from what was seen before.
Mr. Walker has borrowed this thought
' The eoul'a dark cottage, battered and decayed,
Lets in new light through chink.s that time has made.'
"VVe are surrounded with a great cloud of wit-
nesses, and though we cannot see them, I
believe they see us. Before the moment of
death, great discoveries are often made, and
both the pious and the profane have strong
intimations where they are going, and with
what company they will soon mingle. I have
seen many instances of this ; my dear Eliza
was a remarkable one. Her animated lan-
guage and joyful expectations could not be
the result of long experience, for she was a
child, and I believe her knowledge of the
Lord and His salvation was not a year old ;
yet while the tent was taking down, she ap-
peared to see invisibles, and to hear uuutter-
ables. She certainly had ideas which she
could find no words to express. How wonder-
ful will the moment after death be! how we
shall see without eyes, hear without ears, and
praise without a tongue, we cannot at present
conceive. Wc now use the word intuitio)i —
then wo shall know the meaning of it. But
we are assured that they who love and trust
the Saviour shall see Him as He is, and be
like Him and with Him. And He has pro-
mised us dying strength for the dying hour.
Let this suffice— faithful is He that has pro-
mised, who also will do it.
" We left London on the 19th of July — were
one week at Reading, and have been here
since the 19th. Our" retreat has been very
pleasant, with Friends whom we dearly love,
and I am an enthusiast for the country. I
have not, indeed, dear Cowper's discrimina-
ting eye to contemplate the miniature beau-
ties, but I am much affected with the tout en-
semble. Here we have hills and dales, woods,
lawns, and rivers ; the music of the winds
whistling in the trees, and the birds singing
in the bushes. All is delightful. My post at
St. Mary's, in the midst of noise and smoke,
is very difterent; but still it is my post, and I
would not change it for any spot in the habit-
able globe.
" I pray the Lord to afford you a comfort-
able measure of health, to crown all your
labors of love in His service with increasing
success, and to bless you in your soul with
abounding grace and peace.
"I am your affectionate and much obliged
"John Newton."
Whatever bustlings and trouble, tumults
and outrages, quarrels and strife arise in the
world, keep out of them all ; concern not your-
selves with them ; but keep in the Lord's
power, and peaceable truth, that is over all
such things; in which power ye seek the
peace and good of all men. — George Fox,
Indian Bonds and Canals.— The material
development of India has gone forward with
great rapidity within the last quarter of a
century, more especially since it came directly
under the control of the home government.
One of the first enterprises undertaken was
the construction of public roads. As the mili-
tary and civil power of the English became
more extended, it was found necessary to have
better modes of transportation, and the old
East India Company undertook the construc-
tion of carriage roads over the countrJ^ The
work was vigorously prosecuted and at great
expense. The Grand Trunk Road extends
from Calcutta to Peshawur, on the borders of
Afghanistan, a distance of 1100 miles. These
roads are no insignificant works. They are
laid out by the best engineering skill, and
executed in the most substantial manner. For
more than a thousand miles from Calcutta
northward, no grading was required, except-
ing in very short distances, but further north
the work "was heavy. From Lahon to Pesh-
awur, a distance of a little more than 250
miles, the road passes over 103 large bridges
and 459 smaller ones, through six mountain-
ous chains, and over immense embankments
on the marshy borders of rivers. There are
branch roads over the Seualic range of the
Himalayas, in Bengal and the Punjaub, some
of which are admirable specimens of engineer-
ing and grading, the surface being as smooth
as the roads of England or of France. The
soil itself furnishes the material for their con-
struction. Through a great part of the plains
of India, small nodules of limestone, called
kiinliu, are found in large quantities a foot or
two below the surface. It looks, when taken
from the ground, as if it might have been
broken up for making a Macadam road. When
packed with the soil, and watered, it forms a
concrete, making a hard road-bed as smooth
as it is durable. There are several thousand
miles of these Macadam roads, frequently
shaded with trees on either side to protect
travellers from the rays of the sun.
A work of still greater importance to India
has been the opening of extensive canals
designed not so much for transportation as
irrigation. The rains arc very unequall}' dis
tributed over the country; they are not alto-
gether equal in amount from year to year, in
the same locality, and the seasons are so uni-
formly divided into rainy and dry, that the
crops frequently suffer, and the people in con-
sequence, for the want of natural irrigation.
Under the old Mogul emperors extensive
canals were dug for the purpose of watering
the plains, but the East India Company had
been long established before any systematic
attempt was made to supply the deficiency.
In the mean time great scarcity of rain, and
floods in other seasons, had brought on de-
structive famines, which more than decimated
the population in large districts. The distress
and loss of life were fearful. This suttering
stimulated the government, though but too
tardily, to provide against such calamities by
an extensive system of irrigation. The Ganges
Canal, the chief work of this nature, reaching
from Hurdwar, near the sources of the river,
to Cawnpore, where it re-enters 810 miles in
length including its main branches, was an
immense undertaking, but it has been a great
benefit to the country. The main canal is
150 feet wide, is the channel of a rapid stream,
and in its course crosses the Solani River by
what is said to be the most magnificent aque-
duct in the world. This structure alone cost
a million and a half of dollars. The Bari Doab
Canal, between the Sullej and the Ravi, nearly
500 miles in extent, cost the government more
than seven millions of dollars. The Ganges
Canal alone irrigates a million and a half of
acres, and is not only a great public benefit,
but a source of large profit to the government.
— Prime.
THE LOWEST PLACE.
Selected.
iS^ot that I may be chiefest, Lord,
But that I may obey
More closely Thy most sweet commands,
Teach me to serve, I pray.
Not that I may be honored more
Wiio am indeed the least,
I would the lowest place like one
Grace bidden to the feast;
But that Thy smile, my blessed Lord,
Might reach that lowest place.
And show me, though the last and least,
The fulness of that grace.
TWILIGHT.
Selected.
Pale Memory's favored child thou art,
And many dreams are thine;
With their existence all the past
Returning seems to twine.
Thou bringest to the .souls bereaved
The look and tone they miss;
Thou callest from another world
The best beloved of this.
Thou comest like a veiled nun,
With footsteps sad and slow ;
Thou summonest the solemn prayer
From heart and lips to flow.
Jane Worthington.
IMPERISHABLE.
Selected.
The pure, the bright, the beautiful,
That stirr'd our hearts in youth,
The impulse to a wordless prayer,
The dreams of love and truth,
The longings after something lost.
The spirit's yearning cry,
The strivings after better hopes, —
These things can never die.
The timid hand stretch'd forth to aid
A brother in his need,
The kindly word in grief's dark hour
That proves the friend indeed.
The plea for mercy, softly breathed,
When justice threatens nigh,
The sorrow of a contrite heart, —
These things shall never die.
All the Year Round..
At a Meeting of the Executive Board of
the Friends' Freedmen's Association, held in
Philadelphia, lOlh mo. 14th, 1873, it appeared
from the Treasurer's report that the funds of|"
the Association were entirely exhausted, and I
money is needed at once for the support of
the 17 schools under their care.
It was therefore resolved, that those inte-
rested in the welfare of the Freedmen be in-
formed immediately of the state of our Trea-'
sury, and be earnestly invited to forward
contributions to our Treasurer, Richard Cad-
bury, care Provident Life and Trust Co., 108
South Fourth St., Philadelphia.
On behalf of the Board,
Marmaduke C. Cope,
Benjasiin Coates.
Attest Jno. B. Wood, Secretary.
As a wise child maketh a happj' father, so
a wise father maketh a happy child.
THE FRIEND.
77
Review of the Weather for Ninth month, 157 i.
We iiave just passed tiie first autumn montli, and an nnusuall}' pleasant one il lias
sen; the rainfall, wliieh amounted to 5.3(3 inches, was distributed in such a way as lo keep
he humidity and temperature of the air comparatively regular. The mean height ol
be barometer was 29.683 inches. The average temperature was 1)4.7°.
Westtown Boarding School, Ninth mo. 8th, 1873.
1
Thermomeiek.
HiGECMETEH. 1
Barometer.
d
s
0
WlSO.
~^
CiRCDMSTASCES OF WeaTHKB.
s
a
a
a
<
a
S
a
a
a'
a
JS
<
b
Cl
0.'
N
■<
p.*
0^
1
■i
0.'
cC
a
2.
1
72
SI
76
76'^
90
58
62
70 '
29.46
29.48
29.48
29.40%,
s., s.w.. s w.
Fair, Clear. CU-jir.
2
66
76
68
70
78
54
70
67K
29.56
29.57
29..'i8
29.57
Wt^st all day.
Cleiir all .lav.
S
59
75
68
67H
78
64
84
73
29.74
29.71
29.64
29.699^-
N.W., S.. S.E.
Cleiir, Clrar, Fair.
4
72
81
74
-El '
93
77
100
90
29.66
29.47
29.45
29.49' .,
.30
South all day.
CIoiulv, Fair, Fair.
6
73
84
72
7 6* '3
90
63
49
6TV3
29.61
29.62
29.63
29.56!-;;
S.W., W.. W.
Clear," Fair, l.lear.
6
61
64
62
62U
69^
93
84
72
83
29.77
29.79
29.82
29.79I.3
N.W.. N.W.. N.
,( ,.
7
55
61
62
80
81
87
82%
29.84
29.82
29.75
29.811'.,
N.. N.K.. N.B.
Clouilv all day.
8
56
60
55
57^^
93
81
80
84%
29.90
29.91
29.92
S9.97 '
.47
N.AV. all day.
CKuldy. Clem, Clrai.
9
65
71
61
62}^
86
61
87
78
29.94
29.91
29.92
29.92',<;
N.W., S.K.. E.
Clear "all day.
10
55
72
62
63^
93
66
67
71%
29.^6
29 80
29.76
29.80^ T
N.E. all dav.
Clear. Fair. Clntidy.
11
61
68
61
63U
62%
87
78
93
86
29.75
29.72
29 71
29.72%
N., N.K.. N.
tli'Udy. Fair. Clear.
12
55
74
69
93
62
87
80%
29.68
29 63
29.57
29.62%
^^■. S., S.
Fopgy. Clear. Clear.
13
05
76
71
62^^
93
71
87
83
29.60
29.43
29.42
29.45
36.
Sotuh all day.
Ololiciy. Fair. Climily.
U
60
6"
J9
93
60
86
">;S
29 65
29.68
29 72
29.61%
N W., W , W.
Cloudy, Cloudy, Clear.
15
42
68
65
515^
93
60
69
74
29 81
29.76
29;72
29.7C?'t
N.W. W.. S.
Clear all day.
16
54
71
64
63"
93
66
84
81
29.65
29.63
29.66
29.li4;.-,
S., W.. W.
Fair. Fair. Clear.
17
54
66
59
59%
77
61
55
64', .i;
29.78
29.81
29.78
29 79 ■
N.. S.K., SE.
Clear all day
18
54
72
65
63%
86
71
84
80>3
29.77
29.73
29.69
29.73
N.E., S.R., S.E.
Cloudy, Fair. Cloudy.
19
64
68
68
6C%
54J-I
100
95
95
93>3
29.47
29.32
29.30
29.36'/.
2.52
N.R., N.W., N.
i, .. ,.
20
61
58
64
69
47
55
67
29.42
29.61
29 HO
29.51' '
N.W. all day.
Fair, Fair, Clear.
21
45
68
57
53 1?
93
47
55
65
29.83
29.86
29.85
29.84=:;
N.W., N.W., N.W
Clear all day.
22,
43
63
66
54'^
100
60
64
74%
29.88
29.83
29.^0
29.83=;.;
N.W.. S.B., S.E
Clear, Fair, Cloudy.
23
60
69
65
62%
«7
78
93
86
29.68
29.68
29.57
29.61 '
S.E. all day.
Clear. Cloudy, Cloudy.
24
63
64
64
63%
93
84
93
90
29.50
29.52
29.56
29.52%
.72
N.W. all day.
Cloudy all day.
25
62
70
65
65%
93
71
ro
84%
29.53
29 61
29.60
29.58
S.E.. S.K.. E.
Cloudv. Fair. Fair.
26
61
72
62
65^
93
46
93
77!:,
29.75
29.78
29.80
29.77%
.08
West all day.
Fair. "Clear, Clear.
27
57
74
66
661^
33
74
93
86;-'3
29.S3
29.83
29.82
29.82%
W.. W., S.W.
Foggy, Clear, 1 lear.
28
61
1 ••
66
66%
93
84
93
90
29. SO
2976
29.70
29.76' <;
S.W., s., s.w.
Foggy, Fair. Clear.
29
60
77
70
69 •*
100
76
62
79! i;
29.42
29.46
29.44
29.44 ■
.92
s w., s., s.w.
Foggy, Fair, Cloudy.
30
54
59
65
56
69
60
64
MJa
29.58
29.63
29.71
29.67!^
N.W. all day.
Cloudy, Fair. Clear.
For "The Friend."
Three Mpek Men.
" The meek \yill he guide in judgment, .and the meek
111 he teach hi,'^ way." — Psaloi sxv. 9.
Within the compass of Concord Quarterly
leeting, Pa., and cntemporary with each
ther, there dwelt three disciples of the Lord
esus, whose lives were each of them tj'pes of
le religion they professed, and in a remark-
'ble degree productive of those fruits of the
pirit of Christ, designated by Paul as love,
)y, peace, long-suffering, gentleness, good-
ess, faith, meekness, temperance.
Joseph Ehoads, James Emlen, and Samuel
'[Hies, were all born near the close of tlie last
sntury, and within what was then Chester
'c, Penna. They occupied for many years
iie station of elder in the respective meetings
) which thej- belonged, and were cordially
nited in christian lalior and love in the Quar-
?rly Meetings which brought tbem together
>ur times in the year, as well as in the gen-
ral assemblies of the church, or its ropresen-
itives at other periods. Of the first named
le writer had the most intimate means of
isting his dailj' life and character; and truly
■• may be said that he attained to a christian
sperience and conduct but little short of that
3mmanded Abraham in the language by the
Imighty: — ''Walk before me and be thou
erfect." Those irritating incidents which
rise to ruffle the current of most lives, and
hich so generally hurry the mind into a
U8t of ill temper or passion, were met by
oseph Ehoads with a spirit ready for the
iiergency, and potent to quench the barbed
rrows of envy or malice by the meekness of
:iri8tian wisdom. An incident in his experi-
ice was once narrated to the writer by one
igaged in the legal profession, which may
irve to illustrate this feature of his mind.
He had invested a sum of money, as trustee
T another, in a mortgage given by a man
f notoriously tardy habits in paying interest.
t finally became necessary to put this invest-
ment in process of collection by law. Through
some accidental circumstances the usual delay
of such proceedings was greatly protracted, so
that months and years wore on before the
consummation of the suit. This required
many visits of inquiry to ho made b}' J. R. to
his counsel to learn the progress of the case,
and, said the narrator in regard to his con-
duct in this connexion, "Such patience under
l)rovocation and disappointment as J. R. ex-
hibited in this affair 1 never saw in any other
man." He manufactured leather and scythe
stones, and the sale of these com modi lies took
him to Philadelphia mostlj" twice a week
throughout the j"ear, and brought him much
into contact with merchants and business
men. Here his conscientious style of deal
ing won for him a reputation and esteem fo
honesty that was quite peculiar. In packing
a box of scythe stones for the market, he
|would trust no hand but his own, lest justice
should not be done in the selection ; and the
top row was never suffered to excel the bot-
tom in quality.
He was " not slothful in business, fervent in
spirit, serving the Lord." ISJo stress of weather
or secular duties were allowed to interfere
with the discharge of his religious engagc-
(inents. Two daj's before hisdecease, and when
at the age of 73, he set out, on a bleak win-
ter day, to visit a member of his Monthly
Meeting by its appointment. Pneumonia su-
pervened that evening, and prostrated him
very soon in its fatal embrace. His chastened
spirit which dwelt so habitually in the secret
iplace of the Most High, now abode quietlj'
'under the shadow of Ihe Almighty; and in
serai-audible accents supplicated from time to
time for support through the dark valley :
thus leaning on the arm of the Stiviour, a few
hours of bodily decline released his ])urificd
spirit from the shackles of mortality, which
doubtless found admission through the pearl
gates into the golden city.
1 James Bmien was a teacher at Westtown
School for several j-ears, and the writer was
one of his numerous pupils M'ho can bear
lestimony to the unrullled serenity of his
brow, even under the adverse air of a class
of livel}' boys. They all recognized the re-
tility of /(/< Christianity. It was not put on
at intervals for holyday wear, but was the
constant clotliing of his spirit. His ])atienco
and gentleness won their love and regard,
wliilst his dignified demeanor and inijiaitial
conduct seemed the resjiect even of the un-
rulj'. It was considered rather a mean act,
even among disorderly bo3-s, to infringe the
rules whilst in his room. There seemed an
•.itmos])here of [loace ;ind holiness abiuit him,
that told forcibly of the influence which the
sanctitied disciple of Ciirist has upon those
among whom he associates, and verified the
saying that "one good man will shake the
country for miles around him."
Samuel Hilles spent his earlier manhood as
a teacher in the same Semiiiaiy, and subse-
quently established a boarding school of his
own at Wilmington, Delaware. The writer
of this had but little personal knowledge of
lim until a later period of his life, hut enjoyed
frequent opportunities of iiitercfiurso with liim
during the last few years. The readers of
The Friend," who liave attended Philadel-
phia Yearly Meeting for the past twenty years,
ne(<l no testimony lo ])rove the gentleness
and charity of Samuel Ililles. As assistant
clerk of the Yearly Meeting, and a leading
member of it during periods of divided coun-
cils and opposing sentiments, ho won the
blessing of a peacemaker, and rose above all
partisan views in his efforts to harmonize and
conciliate. The meekness and gentleness of
christian love shone conspicuousi}- in his daily
walk, and endeared him lo many of all elas-es.
His humility andcondescension towards others
when engaged in committees or ))rivato so-
ciety. \vas indeed instructive to his younger
friends, and ]»roved itself the fruit of a cruci-
fied will, under the power of Divine grace.
The iibject in the-e comments is not to
glorify the men referred to, but b}- gi-ouping
their special Christian graces together, as
pearls fairly set in one diadem, to illustrate
what has appeared to the writer as a telling
fact in support of the reality of the religion
which these men professed. It was indeed
no chimera orphantasra of distempered minds.
No cunningly devised fable. They were
practical working characters, who may be
said in common parlance to have been the
architects of their own fortunes. They all
believed fully in the value of the testimonies
and doctrines which characterize the So-
ciety of Friends, and practised them rigid-
ly in their own conduct and conversation.
Said J. R. to a j'oung man who hail been
educated in the plain habits of the Society,
but who was just about deserting them for
the ways of the world ; " for myself, I feel
that there will be enough to account for in
the end without burdening the mind with
any doubtful change like this." They were
lights in the world, and others seeing their
good works have been led to glorify a com-
passionate heavenly Fatherthcrefor. It is such
Christians as these that the world now stands
sadly in nee<l of Men who have not only a
name to live, but who show out of good con-
versation,their works with meekness and wis-
dom. If the 3-oung members of our Society,
who have a birthright in it, would follow such
examples as these,"giving up their hearts un-
78
THE FRIEND.
reservedly to the purifying operation of the
grace of Christ, through living faith in Him,
both as their justification and sanctification,
we should stand in no need of new inventions
to give an interest to our religious services,
or stir up revivals in decaying congregations.
No better type of practical Christian lives,
except His who was without sin, can be found
than they exhibited. For the mass of man-
kind, they set examples which the lowliest
might imitate, the highest could scarcely ex
eel, and all in following them, would cau^e
the kingdoms of this world to become the
kingdoms of our Lord and his Christ ; righte-
ousness would cover the earth as the waters
cover the sea ; wars would cease from the
earth, and violence no more be heard in our
land. ^^^^^ C. K.
For "The Friend."
Circular of llip Bible Association of Friends in
America.
In again calling the attention of Auxiliaries
to the Annual Queries to be answered pre-
vious to the general meeting of the Associa-
tion on the 5th of Eleventh month, the Cor-
responding Committee would press upon
Friends, who have been engaged in the dis-
tribution of the Holy Scriptures, the import-
ance of furnishing full and accurate answers
to all the Queries, and of forwarding their re-
port seasonably to the Depository.
It may be recollected, that in making dona-
tions to Auxiliaries, the Board are guided in
deciding what number of Bibles and Testa-
ments shall be sent to each, by the informa-
tion given in its report. Hence those Aux-
iliaries that do not report in time, are liable
to be left out in the distribution.
Specific directions should be given in every
case, how boxes should be marked and for-
warded ; and their receipt slwuld always be
promplh/ aelmnwledged.
Address John S. Stokes, No. 116 N. Fourth
Street, Philadelphia.
Samuel Bettt-e,
Charles Eeioads,
Anthony M. Ivimber,
Committee of Correspondence.
Philada., Tenth mo. 1873.
QUERIES.
1. What niiniber of families or individuals have been
gratuitonsly furnished with the Holy Scriptures by the
Auxiliary dnring the past year?
2. What number of Bibles and Testaments have been
sold by the Auxiliary within the past year?
3. How many members, male and female, are there
belonging to the Auxiliary?
4. What number of families of Friends reside within
its limits?
5. Are there any fmnilies of Friends within your
limits not supplied with a copy of the Holy Scriptures
in good clear type, and on fair paper ; if so, how many?
6. How many members of our Society, capable of
reading the Bible, do not own such a copy of the Holy
Scriptures ?
7. How many Bibles and Testaments may probably
be disposed of by sale within your limits?
8. Is the income of the Auxiliary sufEcienf to supply
those within its limits who are not duly furnished with
the Holy Scriptures?
9. What number of Bibles and Testaments would it
be necessary for the Bible Association to furnish gratui-
tously, to enable the Auxiliary to supply each family?
10. What number would be required in order to i"ur-
nish each member of our religious Society, capable of
reading, who is destitute of a copy, and unable to pur-
chase it?
11. How many Bibles and Testaments are now on
hand?
For "The Friend."
To THE Editors. — The following account of
the last illness and death of William Thornton
Comfort, a little boy of eleven years of age, in
whom 1 had felt much interest for several years
past, he being a child of remarkably sweet
and gentle spirit, and who died in this city
last Eighth month, was furnished me, at my
request, by a near relative of the family ; and
thinking it might prove instructive, as well
as interesting to the youthful readers of " The
Friend," I offer it for insertion therein, if
deemed desirable. He was the son of parents
who were not members of the Society of
Friends, — the father who had formerlj' been
a Friend, having lost his right by marriage
with a person not in membership. The child-
ren, William and his sister, both preferred
attending Friends' meetings to going to other
places of worship ; appearing to understand
and to love our silent meetings ; and their
father desiring that they should be brought
up as Friends, the}' were admitted as pupils
in Friends' Select School. William being blest
with an amiable disposition and tender heart,
possessing a fine flow of spirits and natural
sociability, made himself many friends ; was
veiy active at home, always ready to lend a
helping hand, imagining he could do a great
many things bej-ond his reach. Thus though
there was no want of proper interest in law-
ful things of this world, and he was a cheer-
ful, lively boy ; loved play, with his little
friends, he had for several years past mani-
fested a deep interest in serious things; was
exemplary in his manner of sitting in meet-
ings for worship; and when there was any
preaching, always gave evidence of his atten-
tion thereto by his remembrance of the texts
quoted. He very much enjoyed the family
readings of Scripture, to which he gave close
attention, often saying, with evident feeling,
" 1 love Jesus my Saviour." His Axthor, or
aunt, were in the habit of reading aloud in
the evening to the family, and religious works
were mostly selected ; at which times he was
often very much affected, even to sobbing.
When about nine years of age, on hearing the
account read of C. E. Smelt's last sickness and
expressions, his feelings were so overcome
that he wept aloud, so that his father had to
take him on his lap to comfort him. Hii-
spirit seemed troubled at the sin in the world
He remarked to one of his acquaintance, that
' this was a very wicked world, and especi-
illy this city ; that there were so many temp-
tations to do wrong he did not want to live
in it — he wanted to go home," as he gener
ally called heaven. His last illness, which
was of about three weeks duration, was very
.severe from the first. His physicians said,
frotn the character of his disease his suffer-
ings must have been intense, nearly, if not all
the time; all which he endured with the for-
titude of a mature christian. His unconi-
))laining patience throughout was truly re-
markable. He was never once heard to mur-
mur. When severe spasms came on, he would
sometimes look up at his father and say, "Oh
Pa!" but not a word indicating impatience.
And notwithstanding the severity of the dis-
ease wasted his flesh until he was reduced to
a mere skeleton in a short time, he never gave
way to the least irritation, even though from
the restlessness daj' and night, it seemed as if
"Watch ye, stand fast in the faith, quit you
like men, be strong.
body but his Heavenly Father could do any- ;
thing for him." And" though his heart went; j
out in strong aftection to his relatives, and in ' I
special tenderness towards his only sister, '
with whom he lived inclose, harmonious com- .
panionship, yet he seemed at once to give up \
the world and all that was in it, and to turn \
his thoughts heavenward, saying: he wanted
to go home and be with his Saviour. He told
his sister at one time that, " without it was
the wish of his heavenly Father that he should
recover, he did not desire to." It was often
touching to see him clasp his parents round
the neck and lavish his caresses upon them, I
with calmness and composure, never shedding '
a tear, though all were in tears around him.
When it was made known to him that he .
could not live, he received the intelligence '
with calmness, saying : he " wanted to go
home and be in Heaven." He very much
loved to be quiet ; and when pain permitted,
seemed to be in deep thought. He loved to ,
have the Scriptures read to him as long as he j
was able to bear it. As his aunt sat fanning j
him one day, he looked up at her with sweet I
innocence and said, " Aunty, I hope to meet i
thee in Heaven." At another time as hie
mother was waiting at his bedside, he said j
"Ma, I am going home soon. The Lord if
the good Shepherd, and I am his little lamb.''
Being able to sit up in bed one morning, a
few days before his death, he asked for all hif
little keepsakes, and money box ; having the
latter broken open, ho counted the contents,
then divided all his treasures betwen hit
parents and sister, maintaining entire calm- 1
ness throughout, though all present were
bathed in tears. He gave his Bible to hif
mother, and requesting her to keep his best
suit of clothes to remember him, desired tht
remainder to be given to poor children, h
may be here stated, that it was his particulai
request, that no flowers should be placed abou
his body after his death. Being asked wher
near the close, whether he felt happy, h( '
sweetly replied : " Very." He was favore.
with his mental faculties to the last ; and al j
though for some time deprived of speech: j
nearly two hours before the close, whilst pas?
ing through the dark talley, his lips were ii
constant motion, and it seemed evident h' .
was engaged in prayer or praise. "Oh Fath
er 1" addressed, without doubt, to his heavenly
Father, was distinctly understood severa
times ; and this continued as long as his lip j
had power to move.
So ended the life of dear little Willie : ant
so precious was the assurance felt that hi
suff'erings were over, that his eternal happines
had begun, with the sense of calmness an(
peace that prevailed around us at the time!
there seemed left no room to mourn."
May we not believe from the account abov
given of W. T. Comfort, that the secret of hi
being such " a happy little boy," of his liviu,
in such unvarying harmony with his belove
sister, of the sweetness and gentleness of hi
spirit, &c., was, that he loved, and lived in th
daily fear of offending that "Good Shepherd, :
the bountiful Giver of all his comforts an
blessings, whose "little lamb" he told hi i
inother he was. And that it was his chik
like trust in Him, that He alone could hel ,
him, that enabled him to bear with such ei
omplarj' patience the severe suftering he wa:
it must be nearly insupportable. From the; permitted to endure. Truly has it been fe
first of his being taken sick, ho expressed his to be exemplary, and instructive to his oldt
belief that he should not recover; said, " no- friends. Associated with this feeling, is
THE FRIEND.
79
peculiar sweetness in the rememlDrance of
|this dear innocent child, as he was occasion-
iallj' seen among us while in health, and the
Ibelief that he was then indeed, as now, a child
of the Lord. Doubtless his young school-
mates remember him with att'ection. Should
any of them read this notice, would it might
prove instructive as well as interesting to
,them; and encourage them daily to seek to
(know their dear Saviour's will concerning
them, as manifested to their souls, and to strive
to do it ; then will they feel, that the only
jouree of true happiness will be found in en-
deavoring to obey and serve him.
«-*
For "The Frimd "
Friends' Freedmen's Associalion.
Of the resumptionof the work at the South,
mr Superintendent, Alfred il. Jones, writes:
" Danville, Va., 10th mo. 13, 1873.
The people, colored and white, welcomed
IS back with apparent pleasure to our tem-
)orary home, which, after five years sojourn
lere, seems somewhat like a permanent one.
Since our arrival the weather has been de-
ightful, precluding the use of fires, and aflord-
<ag a nice time for getting under way for
lusiness. Several of our schools opened this
/lorning.
There has been an unusual amount of sick-
less and mortality among the children during
he summer. The seats of many are vacant,
.nd familiar faces are absent.
17th 1 would suggest that an early supply
i f second-hand comfortables and blankets
vould be of excellent service, and prevent so
luch suflering among the destitute by night,
Q the early winter.
It is otleu late in the season, and after much
f the cold is past, before a supply comes to
and ; and this winter particularly, there will
e a demand for clothing.
I The chills and fever are prevailing to an
' larraing extent, reducing the blood to a con-
istency little above water, making the vic-
. iras sensitive to the slightest changes ot
3mperature. Hitherto Danville has been
early Iree from chills. They work much
ke an epidemic. For the first time in thirty
ears, they were last year the scourge of
alem (N. C). More than a thousand cases
ppeared in Charlotte one fall, and at other
imes they have been nearly exempt. In like
•lanner, nearly all points in the miasmatic
.;i8tricts have been visited.
The present financial embarrassment, by
topping the banks from issuing currenc}-,
^s compelled a large number of laetories, in
le height of their operations, to stop business,
od others to run on partial payments, pro-
tisiiig the balance when times change. Such
state of things in a manufacturing town is
ttended with the most unhappy results, turn-
ighundreds of operatives out of employment.
lith cold winter approaching, the scene can
3 easily imagined.
Alfred H. Jones.
THE FRIEND.
TENTH MONTH 25, 1873.
After his vivid description of the character
George Fox, the religion he promulgated,
id the principles of the gospel held by the
.rly Friends, William Penn says, ' This being
i^.e testimony and example the man of God
before mentioned was sent to declare and
leave amongst us, and we having embraced
the same as the merciful visitation of (iod to
us, the word of exhortation at this time is,
that we continue to be found in the way of
this testimony, with all zeal and integrity,
and so much the more, by how much the day
draweth near."
Truly there is a high and noblo trust com-
mitted to Friends ; one which, as they rightl}'
execute it, will tend to the advancement of the
universal church, but which as they fail to
maintain and fulfil it, must bring them under
condemnation. Its importance, and the obli-
gation to be faithful therein, are felt by those
among the members who, by obedience to the
Light of Christ manifested to the soul, have
realized that Friends have seen more fully
and clearly than other professors into the
character and attributes of the gloriou.s gos-
pel of our Lord Jesus Christ ; experiencing
that as it separates them from the evil thai
is in the world, and weans their atfeetions from
its friendships and fashions, filling their hearts
with the love that '' breathes through Imman-
uel to the whole heritage of God," it is indeed
■' the power of God unto salvation." Such as
these may find that the proportion of Chris-
tian professors who have been .so fully enlight-
ened as to comprehend the spirituality and
strictness of the religion of Christ, is compa-
ratively small ; and that very many who are
sincere and zealous in the faith they profess,
j-et hold it with a mixture of error, and an im-
perfect conception of the nature and need of
comjilete regeneration and newness of life ;
substituting therefor reliance on a literal
belief in the truths of Scripture, and depend-
ing unduly on ceremonial performances; but
whenever and wherever they meet with any,
the main bent of whose spirits is, to be found
walking in the strait and narrow wa}' of sal-
vation, they will have a feeling of christian
fellowship with them as being children of the
same family, who can agree with and under
stand one another in the essentials of their
heavenward pilgrimage.
But while rejoicing in the sincerity and in-
tegrity which others maj' manifest for the same
blessed religion, so far as it has been unfolded
to them, that has been more fully made known
unto themselves, and embracing such as fellow
heirs of the same heaven!}' kingnom, truly
convinced and conscientious Friends will find
themselves restrained by that Divine Grace,
under the government of which they are striv-
ing to live day by day, from lowering the
standard that has been given them to u|:ihold
before the world, so as to sanction or palliate
the errors of others, and it will keep them
bound to the truth as it has been revealed by
its Author; with the hope that thus they
may be made instrumental in more fully in-
structing and influencing for good those who
are earnestly laboring for the attainment of
eternal rest and joj-, in that kingdom where
nothing that is impure or unholy can ever
enter. I)ifference in views in relation to
many things connected with the Church, and
the manners aud habits of the community
around them, may, and probably will interfere
with such Friends mingling in close iutimacj-
with other professors, lest thereby they might
be unwarily drawn into some compromise of
a truth or testimonj' they know belongs to
the gospel of salvation ; but in their ordinar}'
or casual intercourse with their religious
friends or neighbors not of their communion,
each will recognize in the other some of the
distinctive features of Him of whom the
whole familj' in heaven and earth is named,
can greet each other in that lovo which is
the common bond of the household of faith,
and wish each other God speed in the high-
way of holiness.
Untlinching firmness in practically uphold-
ing the religion we profess, evincing at the
same time the meekness and gentleness of
Christ, is far more noble and truly Christian,
far more likely to obtain respect, than to
hold it, as it were, on the lip and tongue, and
to balk its designed effect by compliance with
the opirit and opinions of other professors,
who are unprepared or unwilling fully to
adopt the spiritual, heart searehing princ-iples
of the gospel, as understood by Fi-iends ; re-
quiring the bearing of the daily cross, and the
thorough washing of regeneration. To this
upright course we are all called, younger as
well as older, and to it we may attain if. in
the obedience of faith, we look unto Hi in who
has jiromised to be strength in the weakness
ot his depending children, to suppl_y Grace in
every time of need, aiul who knowelh what
is best lor us before we ask him.
There may be many things relating to
the liedeemer's kingdom which the young
and inexperienced may not yet comprehend ;
for our Heavenly Father does not open all
things to his true born babes at once, but as
they are able to bear them. The more need
is there, then, to hold fast the jjrofession of
our faith without wavering, kec|iing humbly
at the feet of the Ma--ter, resting in the faith
that all things will be unfolded which it be-
comes us to know ; the faster and clearer as
the necessary warfare is steadily maintained,
and our daily abode is in lliin, the true and
living Vine. " Wherefore, O ye 3"oung men
and women ! look to the Eock of your fath-
ers. There is no other God but him, no other
light but his, no other grace but his, nor
^Spirit but his to convince j'ou, quicken and
comfort you ; to lead and guide j-ou to
God's everlasting kingdom. So will j'ou bo
possessors as well as professors of the truth,
embracing it, not only by education but by
judgment and conviction; from a sense be-
gotten in your souls through the operation of
the eternal Spirit and power of God ; by which
you may come to be the seed of Abraham,
through faith and the circumcision not made
with hands; and so heirsof the promise made
to the fathers, of an incorruptible crown ; that
a generation ye may be to God, holding up the
profession of the blessed truth in the life and
[)ower of it."
As an evidence of the great difference in
principles and practice that has already taken
place in different .places among those claim-
ing to be members of the Society of Friends,
we give the following extract from a commu-
nication in the last number of the (London)
Friend, advocating the introduction of the
study of music in Friends' Public Schools.
■'The scruples Friends formerly held against
music are now generally abandoned. So uni-
versally is it now expected in Friends' families,
that our private schools find the necessity of
including it in their course, in order to obtain
and keep their pupils. This applies even to
boy's schools, where music would not be ex-
pected in schools of the same class in other
denominations."
Philadelphia Yearly ilecting at its last ses-
80
THE FRIEND.
sion,
carry
need be by disownment, its discipline iigainst
indulgence in music, or bavinir musical instru-
The exhibition does not close Uplands and New Orleans cotton, 17 a 18 cts. Cub:'
month. sugar, 7 1 cts. Superfine flour, S4 a $4.75 ; extras, So i.
directed its subordinate meetings to thusiasm by the people.
,' into effect, by aifectionale labor, and if ""i!|,,''',;;;^,5,°j;;^ee'b;'t;;;en the Pope and the Ger- Se"^ finer _brand_s,_$6..50_ a_$10. White wheat, $1.65 .
man Empero'r is otficiallv published. ' $1.80; amber, $1,58 a $1.63; Penna. red, $1.57 ; wester:
The Pope complains tliat the measures of the German *1.45 a 31.50. Kye, 85 a 90 eta. Mixed corn, 61 cts,
ition ot the Catholic priests in Lxermany have orga • -, - a. n - i
'a ixirty wliich is engaged in intrigue against the State, lb. gross, and 9,000 hogs at 86.75 a $7 per 100 lb. netj
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCOOOL. 'disiurljing religious peace to the extent of open revolt C/iicajo.— Spring extra flour, $5 a $6.50. No. 2 sprinj,,
Ac +Ko c:t.it;mi« nf Snni.rintt-ndpnt and Ma- 'against the existing laws, and declares that he must wheat, $1.05 a $1.06 ; No. 3 do., $1. No. 2 mixed corn
As the Stations 01 bapciintendent ana Ma ^^.^^^^.^^ ^^.j^_. ^^^j' j^^^ '^^^^ ^^^-^^^ „,^ ^^^^,.,„„ „f 38 ^t,_ jjo. 2 oats, 32,V cts. Kye, 63 a 65 cts. Barley
iron of this lustltUtlOU are expected to tie _.^ j.i,^,rch which, he supposed, acknowledged obedience $1..32 a S-1.33. ^a^^mioi-e.— Choice amber wheat, $1.7i
vacated at the close of the Winter session, ^^ secular authority as a divine command. He ex- a $1.75; Penna., $1.55 a $1.57. Southern white corn ;-
in the 4th month next, Friends who may feel presses the hope that now the pope has been informed 75 cts. ; yellow, 65 cts. ; western mixed, 62 cts. Oatsi
drawn to undertake the duties attached to of the truih, he will u.se his authority to suppress the 48 a 50 cts.
1 . _• - _ ^ - J.I no-it-iti/in wliipli Hi p (^m npcnr Hppla Tps bns iio counection ■
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
The Winter Session of the School will commenol
them, are requested to comnumicate thereon agitation which the emperor declares has no connection
.,, \.^, f. ^,_ i^.ii,.. .,:... 1 „,„,„K,.,.o with religion or truth.
The shipments of gold from England to New York
with either of the following named members
of the Committee.
Nath.aniel N. Stokes,
Cinnamin.?on P. Office, Burlington Co., N. J.
ClIAKLES EV.ANS,
No. 702 Eace Street, Philadelphia.
Deborah Eiioahs,
Haddontield, N. J.
Kebecca. S. Alle.v,
No. 335 South Fifth Street, Philadcphia.
continue. The Bank of England has advanced its rate on Second-day the 3rd of Eleventh month,
of interest to 6 per cent. j Pupils who have been regularly entered and who g'|
John Bright has been re-elected to Parliament there Ky the cars from Philadelphia, can obtain tickets of th
being no opposition to him.
The British government having officially represented
to the Emperor of Brazil the sufferings of English emi-
grants to that country, free passage home has been given
to 164 of the emigrants by the Brazilian government.
London, 10th mo. 20th. — U. S. six per cents, 1865,
93:j. Five per cents, 91i.
Liverpool. — Uplands cotton, 9JfZ. a 9jd. ; Orleans,
9irf. a 9ld.
Advices from South America report that the insur-
gents of Entre Rios have been signally defeated. A
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
Foreign. — The London Times has received a special
dispatch reporting the substance of the agreement made whole battalion mutinied against the rebel leader Lopez idflphia at 7.2o and 10 A. M., and 12.10 and 2.30 P. M.
Treasurer, No. .304 Arch St., or they can procure thei'
at the depot of the West Chester and Philadelphia Rai
road, corner of Thirty-first and Chestnut streets, b
giving their names to the Ticket-agent there, who
furnished with a list of the pupils for that purpose. I
such case the passage, including the stage fare from th
Railroad Stadon, will be charged at the School, to I .
paid for with the other incidental charges at the clo;
of the term. Conveyances will be at the Street Roa j
Station on Second and Third-day.s, the 3rd and 4th ij
Eleventh inoiuh, to meet the trains that leave Phil;|
between the Count de Cluiinbord and the monarchical Jordan, and submitted to the Federal authorities. Gen
parties in the French Assembly, to be laid before that eral Mitre's negotiations for a treaty to define the
body at the opening of the session. It includes iiniver- : boundary line between Paraguay and the Argentine
sal suffrage, the eligibility of all persons to civil em-
ployment, a reasonable liberty of the [ire.ss, and the tri-
color to be maintained as the H ig of France. The dis-
patch also says the As.sembly is called to meet not later
than the 27th inst.
The Republicans are working with great activity and
energy to counteract the designs of the monarchists.
Eighteen deputies, from the Department of the Seine,
have signed a manifesto protesting against the attempt-
ed royal restoration, and declaring that they will earn-
estly resist all such scliemes. It is believed tlie Re-
publicans will unite in proposing to the Assembly that
the question of a restoration of royalty be referred to a
commission which is charged to report on constitutional
laws. The prolongation of MacMahon's tenure of office
as President will also be jiroposed.
The trial of Marshal Bazaine, at Versailles, continues.
The investigation thus far goes to sustain the charges.
It appears the accused did not recognize the Paris gov-
ernment, and considered the Emperor his only legiti-
mate superior. He made the surrender on his own
responsibility, considering that there was, at that time,
no legal government in France. The capitulation was
he maintained, compulsory. He hail resisted to the
last, and only yielded when bis provisions were ex-
hausted. Wlien interrogated in regard to some i>oints,
Bazaine hesitated in his answers and showed much em-
barrasment.
The insurgent squadron has left the port of Carta-
gena, and on the 2iJth was off the harbor of Valencia,
followed and watched by several British, French and
Italian war vessels. The insurgents caiitnred three
Spanish merchant ships at the entrance of the harbor,
and threaten to seize or sink the gun-boat Lepantn,
which is lying in the harbor. A bombardment of
Valencia was threatened, if the tleet was not supplied
■with provisions and a certain sum of money. Spanish
affairs have not materially changed. Admiral Lobos
has been removed from the command of the fleet oper-
ating against the insurgents at Cartagena, and the
Minister of Marine has himself assumed the command.
The insurgents have lost one of their vessels, but have
still a formidable fleet afloat. On the 17tli the govern-
ment squadron was at Gibraller, having gone thither
for coal.
A St. Petersburg dispatch of the 17th says, the river
Neva has risen ten feet beyond the usual height, caus-
ing great damage in the cily and the country ihrough
which it passes.
In Hungary the ravages of cholera ponlimie. The
deaths from that disease, previous to 9ili mo. Isl, num-
bered 104,000. The disease is declining in Vienna, but
increasing at St. Petersburg.
The Emperor William, of tiermany, arrived at
Vienna on the 17th, and was received with great en
States have fallen through.
A dispatch from Rome says on the 20th that the
General of the Society of .Jesuits was to-day officially
notified by the government that the order must imme-
diately vacate the premises now occupied by them in
that city.
On the same day the government took pos.session of
six convents under the law for the abolition of religious
corporations. The United States and Portuguese Con-
suls protested against the seizure of certain portions of
the Franciscan convent, on the ground that they were
the property of citizens of their respective countries.
United States. — There were 288 interments in
Philadelphia last week, including 83 children under
two years. There were 60 deaths of consumption, 24
debility, and 11 disease of the heart.
The interments in New York last week numbered
543. During the last four weeks, the value of domestic
produce exported from New York has been over $29,-
000,000.
The exports from the United States have latterly in-
creased so greatly in amount that it is estimated they
will not be less than $650,000,000 the present year. At
the same time the imports have declined, and it is sup-
posed will not exceed $600,000,000.
The following table shows the immigration to all the
ports of the United States from the countries named
during the past two years, each ending 6th mo. 30th.
From England, .
From Ireland,
From Scotland, .
From Wales,
Total from Great Britain
From Germany, ...
According to the census of 1870, there were 10,892,-
015 persons of foreign birth in the United States, in-
cluding their descendants of the first generation. This
class of persons formed about two-sevenths of the entire
population.
The Western LTnion Telegraph Company owned and
worked on the first of Seventh mo. last, 65,757 miles of
line, 154,471 miles of wire, and 5,740 offices. There
were 9,196 persons in the employ of the company. For
the last year the receipts of the company were $9,333,-
OlS. and the net earnings $2,757,963
The Markets, itc. — The following were the quotations
on the 24th inst. New York. — .\merican gold, lOS,.
U. S. sixes, 1881, 1115 ; ditto, 1865, 107 ; 5 per cents,
105J. Superfine flour, $5.10 a $5.50 ; State extra, $6.15
a -6.50; finer brand.s, $7 a $10.50. Red western wheat,
$1.55 ; No. 2 Chicago spring, $1.35 a $1.36 ; No. 3 do.,
$1.32. Oats, 49 a 53 cts. Western mixed corn, 58 cts.;
yellow, 61 cts. ; white, 65 a 67 cts. PhUaddpkia. —
1872.
1873.
69,764
74,818
68,732
77,344
13,916
13,S41
1,214
840
153,626
166,843
141,109
149,671
Iteg" Baggage may be lei"t either at Thirty-first an
Chestnut streets or at Eighteenth and Market. If le
at the latter place, it must be put under the care •
Hibberd Alexander & Son.s, who will convey it ihenc I
to Thirty-first and Chestnut at a charge of 10 cents p( .
trunk, to be paid to them. Those who prefer can hav, .
their baggage sent for to any place in the built-up pai{
of the City, by sending word on the day previoij
(through the post-office or otherwise) to H. Alexand«
& Sons, N. E. corner, of 18th and Market Sts. The
charge in such case for taking baggage to Thirty-fit;
and Chestnut streets, will be 25 cents per trunk. Fi
the same charge they will also collect baggage fromtl
other railroad depots, if the checks are left at their ofti
corner of 18tli and Market Sts. Baggage put und
their care, if properly marked, will not reijuire any a
tention from the owners, either at the West Philadi
phia depot, or at the Street Road Station, but will
forwarded direct to the School. It may not always ;
on the same train as the owner, but it will go on ti
same day, provided the notice to H. Alexander & So,
reaches them in time. j
During the Session, passengers for the School w'
be met at the Street Road Station, on the arrival of tlJL
first train from the City, every day except First-dayjjr
and small packages for the pupils, if left at Frientfi
Book Store, No. 304 Arch street, will be forward [
every Sixth-day at 12 o'clock, except on the last two Six
days in the Tir fifth month, and the expense charged I
their bills. 1
Tenth month 18th, 1873.
The Annual Meeting of the Auxiliary Bible Assoe
tion of Friends of Philadelphia Quarterly Meeting,
be held at No. 109 North Tenth Street, on Fourth-dl
evening, the 29th inst., at 7i o'clock. I
A. M. Kimber, (
Philada. 10th mo. 10th, 1873. Secretary,
FRIENDS' BOARDING SCHOOL FOR INDIA
CHILDREN, TUNESASSA, NEW YORK. '
A teacher of the school will be wanted at the coil
mencement of the Spring term. )
Application may be made to ^(j.
Ebenezer Worth, Marshallton, Chester Co., Pi
Joseph Scattergood, 413 Spruce St., Philada. '
Aaron Sharpless, Street Road P. O., Chesi
Co., Pa.
Thomas Wistar, Fox Chase P. O., Philada. j
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
The AViNTER Session will open on the 3rd
Eleventh mouth. Friends intending to send pnpil
the Institution are requested to make early applicali'
to Aaron Sharpless, Sup't, Street Road P. .
Chester Co., Pa., or to Charles J. Allen, Treasm
304 Arch St., Philadelphia.
'
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. 2LVII.
SEVENTH-DAY, ELEVENTH MONTH 1, 1873.
NO. 11.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
rice Two Dollars per annum, if paid in advance. Two
I dollars and fifty cents, if not paid in advance.
SubscriptionB and Payments received bj
JOHN S. STOKES,
AT NO. 116 .VORTH FOITRTH STREET, UP STAIRS,
PHILADELPHIA.
ostage, when paid quarterly in advance, five cents
From the *' Narraganat-tt"' Weekly.
The Despotism of Fashion.
History furnishes manj- instances of nations
hathave been misgoverned by arbitrarj- icings
nd despotic emperors, inflicting untold suf-
jrings upon the people. Even" in our own
ge, we have not been without JSTapoloons,
ho from selfish motives would have sacri-
ced the true interests of great nations ; but
)rtunalely their unwise ambition resulted in
leir downfall and obscurity.
But, alas for the despot who rules theworld!
[er power stands unrivalled, and apparently
Imost unlimited. History fails to record an
istance of such tyranieal and universal des-
otism as that of fashion. Witli an iron rod
le rules the people of almost every race and
'^ime, and woe to the individual who refuses
.) bow to her behests.
And here let us inquire, What nation or
■3ople, has been the leader, or pattern, for
ar costume ? Has it been one distinguished
T the virtue, the high moral standard, or
hristian nobility of its people ? I blush with
lame and deep sorrow of heart, as I reply,
|o! A corrupt city — the capital of a corrupt
ition — has had most to do here. Paris has
ng been noted for its infidelity, its gross im-
orality, its profligate men, its lewd'women ;
id yet to be decked in Parisian fashions has
en, and still is, thought to be a great accom-
[ishment, and a great honor. Nor do peo-
e pause to consider the terrible judgment,
le bitter suftering, the woeful misery, which
18 been permitted to overtake that citj'- of
trlots — that mother of abominations.
But Satan stands behind the old despot,
Mhion, and says, "Lead on the people to
istruction — disguise my cloven feet I" And
•we march on, haughtilj' and thoughtlessly,
'valking and mincing as we go."
There was perhaps never a time when fash-
■ a was carried to such ridiculous and wicked
< cess as the present. Fashion is not now
I ntented with certain forms of dress, and
■ th frequent changes, But nothing short
' the most reckless extravagance, the most
i udj' and fantastic ornaments, can satisfy
Irdemands. Multitudes of people spend no in-
< nsiderable proportion of their precious time
i preparing the most silly adorning for per-
sonal apparel, equi|iage for travelling, etc. A
thoughtful person is almost ashamed of his
species, when ho sees men who have not
independence enough to a])pear in company
unless dressed in a fiishionable suit. His
boots must have heels so high that his toe
nails are grown into his toes, or bis feet cip-
pled in some shape ; while the toes of his
boots or shoes must be either square and verj'
wide, or come to a point, according to the ca-
price of fashion — being careful to have no re-
gard to comfort or health. His pants must
fit very tight, so that he cannot safely stoop,
or be so large that he could jump into one
leg. His coat must reach below his knees at
one time, and at another it is made too short
to call anj-thing more than ajacket. The hat
is either almost without crown or brim, or
varied to some other shape, so that one can-
not tell a man from a boy by his chapeau.
But I cannot spend more time in describing
a man's dress, or how could I ever think ot
finding space to speak of the endless variety
of women's attire — the enormous load of su-
perfluities which they carry? Their skirts,
whether of the most costly silk, or of the
purest white, are used to sweep the dusty
sidewalks and muddy crossings; while child-
ren from three to twelve j-ears of age have
scarcely any skirt at all ; so that the}- are not
only dressed immodestly, but their health
endangered, that fashion may be regarded.
Who can have patience to mention the waste
of time which the present fashion in female
attire demands — the flounces and overskirts,
with their trimmings — tlie immodest hump on
the back — the hitch-ups and catch-ups — -the
gaudy ribbons, and superabundance of trim-
ming. And the head dress is often a shame
to the sex. Bonnets are now discarded. A
little strip of trimming across the head is
enough, leaving the forepart of the head bare,
even in the coolest weather. I have seen
children sent eight or ten miles to ride, with
only a little, thin hat to protect their heads,
with the thermometer not much above zero.
And on the back of the head, whether the
weather is hot or cold, must be placed an
enormous bundle of bark or false hair.
Health is so far disregarded, that thousands
die annually only to pay their vows to the
shrine of fashion. Beauty, convenience, com-
fort, and modesty, are at all times sacrificed
in the same interest. And, alas! even moral-
ity and religion become subject to its over-
whelming power, and thus the most essential
and important duties of life are disregarded,
that fashion may have the homage which she
asks for.
The public press is nearly all committed to
the same cause — and one can but wonder how
entirely it is controlled by this despotism. Do
you talk of free press, and free speech, and of
independence of thought and action? It is
idle talk — yea, false. There are rare excep-
tions. Now and then some self-denying child
of God, dressed in accordance with Christian
simplicity, ])K'ads with others to use a little
common sense in the matter of dress, and
allow conscience to speak in the premises.
But amid the din, and roar, and bustle, and
commotion of the extravagant, sweeping,
rushing world, these refrcsjiing and noble
exceptions are lost, or overwhelmed. Tho
newspapers and magazines assist the tyrant,
as he continues his arrogant sway of wicked-
ness, drawing in the young and unwaiy, un-
til they are tully committed to the same cause,
and finally confused and lost in fashion's
vortex.
Does any reader say, This is imaginary,
and over-wrought? I deny it. Show mo
your young men and young women, (or even
the older class,) who have the independence to
disregard the modes of fashion prevailing, and
dress prudently, neatly, modesti}-, and plainly
— in accordance with common sense, and tho
principles of Christianity. Where are they?
Even tlie various denominations of professed
Christians have no voice to lift against this
constant change of dress, and the extrava-
gance which it induces. It was not always so.
Not only the Society of Friends, but other
denominations, formerly regarded, in some
degree at least, Christian simplicity. But now
even the formerly sclfdenj-ing Quakers are
aping the fashionable world to a shameful ex-
tent. Where, then, shall we look for a deter-
mined protest against this awful sin? Noth-
ing seems able to confront the tyrant. He
goes on, conquering and to conquer, until even
now the woe which was formerly pronounced
by the prophet against the pride of that day,
seems to belong to, and is perhaps impending
over, this age. It would appear that the
haughty daughters of Zion were then loaded
with foolish ornaments. Head the judgments
which God then pronounced against them for
this cause — Isaiah iii. 16, to end of chapter.
And if, under the old covenant, this wanton-
ness and pride were to he condemned and
punished, how much greater must be the con-
demnation to us who live under the Christian
dispensation, and profess to be of the new
Israel of God — humble, self-denying followers
of the lowly Jesus!
But, in a newspaper article, I have not
space, had I time and ability, to portray in
true colors the abundant and multiform evils
resulting from fashion. The slavery which it
causes our women in such constant sewing,
to make and remake the tremendous costume
now prevailing — the severe and constant labor
and engrossing care thus forced upon their
husbands, to procure funds with which to in-
dulge their wives and daughters in keeping
up with their neighbors in the race of fashion.
Not a few men have been led into crime, that
they might have the ability to keep them-
selves and families in the extravagant style of
the day. When you, young wives or daugh-
ters, survey with such pride and self-compla-
cency your gaudy attire, pause for a moment
to consider whether your shameful extrava-
82
THE FRIEND.
to toil late and early, in the work shop or
counting house, perhaps until his health is
impaired; and whether you are not loading
him with debts, which may yet make j'ou
homeless, or defraud honest creditors, and
thus perhaps break down, by constantanxiety,
the health of your loved ones, and make their
lives an early sacrifice to tiiiis mammon of
fashion. Let us consider ourselves as rational
beings, and as possessed of immortal souls;
and how can we spend so large a proportion
of our precious time in decking these mortal
bodies? How contradictory the conduct and
profession of nominal Christians! Instead of
self-denial, self-indulgence, jLirw/e, extravagance,
and much wickedness, are patent to all not
blinded by custom. And even the professed
ministers of the Gospel dare not come out
boldly in condemnation of such folly; but
suffer themselves and their families to fall into
the same disgraceful fashions. And why is it
80? Dare we not brave a corrupt public op-
inion ? Of whom are we afraid ? " Who art
thou, that thou shouldst be afraid of man, that
shall die, and of the son of man, who shall be
made as grass ; and forgettest the Lord, thy
maker, that hath stretched forth the heavens,
and laid the foundations of the earth ; and
hast feared continually every day, because of
the fury of the oppressor, as if he were ready
to destroy? And where is the fury of the
oppressor? I am the Lord thy God, that
divided the sea, whose waves roared, the Lord
of Hosts is his name." Eeformer.
gance does not cause your father or husband |and horn. Upon trial, he found that it was
so, and he immediately took out in the United
States, England and countries on the conti-
nent, many patents of application ; that is,
patents not for the discovery of the material,
but for the discovery of the uses of the material.
Manufacturers saw the advantages of the sub-
stitute and seized upon it eagerly. And now
it is used the world over for handles to knives
and surgical instruments ; for laboratorj^ tools;
for harness trimmings and house ornaments;
for buckles and locks ; parlor furniture and
study conveniences; combs and backs of hair-
brushes; door-knobs and walking canes ; cas-
kets, bracelets and necklaces ; finger-rings and
the settings of precious stones, and a thou-
sand other purposes.
The operation of whitening sugar was dis-
covered by accident. All sugar is dark until
washed. Pack some brown sugar in a funnel;
how is it to be washed ? Clearly not by pour-
ing water upon it; which would dissolve the
crystals, but by letting it drain dry. Such used
to be the process. Ten thousand loaves of sugar,
in funnels, would sometimes be draining at
once in a Cuban sugar-house. It happened at a
plantation, early one morning, that old "mam-
my," after feeding the poultry, left the gate
of their yard open. There had been a shower,
and the feet of the fowl were sticky with clay;
yet they nevertheless crossed over to the
sugar-house, and entering at the door, went
picking into the funnels and depositing moist
clay on their contents. Nobody knew till
then that moist clay gives off water so spar-
ingly, that it will purify sugar without dissolv-
ing it. The hint was taken, experiments were
made, and the fact clearly ascertained. It
was one of the most curious and useful of
chance discoveries. To this day yellow and
brown sugar in the West Indies is whitened
by spreading moist clay over the surface.
This is called "claying the sugar."
The metal called cadmium, which when
crystalized into white octahedrons is so beau-
tiful, and which is also so useful in the arts,
was discovered by a very odd chance. It is
a custom in Germany that the government
every now and then examines druggists' medi-
cines to see if they are pure. The chemical
inquisitors whom it employs went into an
apothecary's shop in Berlin some years ago,
and, among other articles, tested some zinc.
It was mixed with sulphur, and 3-et turned
yellow. They were horrified. The druggist
was arrested, his shop closed, a large fine was
imposed upon him, and he was forbidden to
trade. Why? Because zinc combined with
sulphur is white, while arsenic combined with
sulphur is yellow; and the experts reported
our poor druggist for having arsenic in his
zinc. He knew it could not be so, however;
and he employed Professor Stromeyer to ana-
l3'ze it, who discovered the new metal, cad-
mium, to be the cause of the yellow. This
white, brilliant, tin-resembling metal, from
which cadmium yellow comes, is now regu-
larly extracted from ores of zinc.
There is a color made and used at the fam-
ous Gobelin manufactory at Paris, called the
Gobelin red dj'e. It was at one time in so
great repute that the populace thought it
must have been obtained f^rom the evil one.
It was accidentally discovered by that odd
l>utch philosopher, Cornelius Van Drebbel,
who professed to have been the inventor of
almost everything, from a mousetrap to a
machine which should move perpetually. He I
Great Discoveries by Accident.
The great discovery that made Charles
Goodyear famous was an accident. For ten
years he gave all his time to ascertain how
india-rubber could be treated so that it would
neither stiffen by cold nor melt by heat. As
everybody knows he succeeded, but it was
after a thousand mistakes, and at a time when
he was not experimenting. Gesticulating
earnestly as he stood arguing near a bar-room
stove one winter's day, he let fall on the heated
surface a piece of india-rubber and sulphur,
which he had been rolling together in his
hand. Upon recovering it, he found that a
portion of the little ball had become more
elastic than before, and, by subsequent trials,
that the same portion was affected neither by
heat nor cold. In fact, the interior portion of
the ball had been vulcanized by chance, and
from this trivial matter, which occurred in a
country tavern thirty-four years ago, has
grown up in this and other countries a busi-
ness that ^employs a capital of many millions
of dollars, and more than one hundred thou-
sand workmen.
Again, during the process of vulcanizing
large quantities of india-rubber, a residuum of
hard black coal is continually being deposited.
For several j-ears this residuum was regarded
as useless, and was got rid of by shooting cart-
loads of it into holes or sinking it in the sea.
Observing an Irish girl one day in Woburn,
Massachusetts, cleaning cutlery upon what
looked to be a black stone, Goodyear had the
curiosity to examine it. To his surprise, he
found the seeming stone to bo india-rubber
coal — not a mineral at all, but a vegetable.
Seeing that the upper surface of this novel
knife-scourer had not only been worn smooth
by use, but had taken a brilliant polish, the
thought occurred to him that the material
might answer as a substitute for ivory, bono
was probably the first constructor of a ther-
mometer, and he improved the telescope and
microscope. About 260 years ago, when en-
gaged one day in filling a glass tube with a
decoction of cochineal, his dog sprang play-'
fully upon him, causing him to spill a few!
drops. There was a solution of tin in a vessel
on the table. Into this the decoction of coch-i
ineal fell, when, lo! what has since been
known as the Gobelin red dye was produced.
Steam engines in their earlj- use had no self-,
acting valve.-*. A workman at stated times
had to turn on and to turn oft' a tap. As the
work was light, and attention only was re-
quired, boys were usually employed as tap-
turners. It so happened, while this was the
custom, that a young fellow^lazy, perhaps,
but possessing brains — got tired of running
hither and thither, and perpetually doing the
same thing. Getting hold of a strong cord,
he contrived a connection between the beam
at one end and the tap at the other end, and
tied both together. It answered perfectly.
The movement of the beam turned oft" the tap i
at the proper moment, and at the next proper i
moment turned it on. The engineer saw it, i
and though he discharged the boy for laziness, ,
he took out a patent for the invention. From
that time all steam engines have been built .
with self-acting valves. — Our Young Folks.
For "The Friend."
John Heald.
(CoDtinaed from page 66.)
1st mo. 30th, 1817. "We attended Marl-i
borough Meeting. My mind soon became:
silently quiet, and enjoyed a peaceful serenity, '
and in a while I was engaged to encourage
those present to labor for a like quiet habita-
tion. It was a comfortable meeting, in which
some of the dangers of neglecting to labor
were pointed out, but the weather had become
cold, the house was open, the wind blew and
we became chilly, and I thought our comfort-
able feelings passed off sooner on that account i
than they would have done, if the house had
been comfortable.
31st. At Centre Meeting. I besran with:
Give not that which is holy to dogs, neither
cast your pearls before swine. When I first
felt this impression, I felt startled at bringing
these ideas into view before a large assembly : |
but finding the impression to be of a humili-
ating kind, such as I had heretofore commend I
ed, I did not think it safe to hesitate ; so 1
went on and way opened in a trying humili-
ating way to myself, and I am induced tc
think it had a good eft'ect on the minds of the
hearers. Though this [advice] might be con
sidered to apply solely to ministers, being '
addressed by our Lord to His disciples, I had ,
an idea that it applied to each class of society
for each one had a precious gift bestowed \
They have the reproofs of instruction whici
are the way to life, and if they cast these be
hind their back, what better is it than to givi
that which is holy to dogs, or casting theii
pearls before swine? Is it not a prostitutiii;.
those precious things to the swine's nature I
I went on from one sentence to another, ant
the power seemed to attend. Though I hat
no prospect of much to say, the way still open
ing, and weight and humility continuing auc
increasing, I proceedetl and delivered a lonj.
testimony. In the latter part I endeavorec
to show that though there were tribulation.'
to be mot with in the way leading from death
to life, yot that these were not harder, if s(
'
THE FRIEND.
83
laid, as were often met with in the w&y of
oiisual gratification, or in following on to ob-
uin the delights and vanities of the world.
2(1 mo. 2d. Attended Salem Meeting, which
vas large. 1 began with : 'I beseech you to
;et the gospel have free course among j'ou.'
This is a loving request of the apostle, and we
nav find in the sacred writings another invi-
ati')n : ' Seek the Lord while he may befound,
all upon him while he is near.' I think it
nay fairly be inferred that there is a time
■.vhen he may be found, and that the time may
;ome when if we call he will not hear; if the
oroper time lor attention is neglected. I went
'11. in the opening that attended, to show that
vhere a living ministry was exercised, if those
,vho are favored with it are unfaithful and go
■ounter to clear conviction, they are in a worse
■ondition than if thej' had not been favored
>Tith it; they become hardened. It is no
matter whether it was immediately or instru
ncntally conveyed, here the gospel has not
ree course, here the loving invitation is not
Utended to, but another way is devised to
please the natural inclination, and then con
Jenination is experienced to attend the mind:
jf those who are casting the reproofs of in
iitruction behind them. These are laying a
foundation for sorrow of heart. This I was
3nabled to set forth in such a manner, that
man}' were tendered and I believe humbled,
and the meeting ended, after an humble sup-
plication for preservation from the trials that
are in the world ; and for support and strength
ito do our several duties with acceptance to
our great and gracious Benefactor, that by
,His holy aid we may be enabled to go on in
ithe highway to happiness, and be safely land-
ed on the eternal shore where no sorrow can
come, but where we may praise the God of
our salvation who is worthy for evermore.
In the evening, at William Dennis', several
friends being there, besides a large family. I
remarked in regard to ministr}-, that those
■who are exercised therein should be content
to attend closely to their gifts, and endeavor
to do what is required, and not to exceed. If
only a little is required, be faithful in the little
and despise not the daj' of small things.
Watch against high-mindedness and indulge
it not even in secret. Those who are thus
engaged are likely to be entrusted with more,
am] to be preserved.
■h'd. At Providence, I remarked that some,
when they had thecompanj- of strangers, gave
up their own concern, to sit idle till the stranger
ishould communicate something. Thus much
precious time may be lost. If the important
concerns of religion are a favorite subject of
contemplation, the mind in its silent retire-
ment will go to its favorite object, and seek
to know what it must do, in order that the
necessary work may be accomplished. I had
to show that the work was a progressive one ;
that in the beginning God created such and
such things on the first day, and others on the
following days, each in order progressively.
Thus the works of God were accomplished,
and last of all he made man. The work that
lis required of us is to be done progressively,
and not all at once. Some of us know that
we were once young, and that there was a
time when we first felt our minds impressed
with a desire to be prepared to die ; that we
then discovered that to gain Divine favor we
must forsake evil. If we did so, we felt peace ;
if not, we felt condemnation, and had no assur
ance of being happy. When we have been
deeply impressed with a sense of our situa-
tion we have been induced to supplicate for
mercj- ; and when we have yielded obedience
to our duty wo have had to learn the practice
of one thing after another. Some dutj- to be
performed would be presented to the mind,
and as this was faithfully attended to, then
something else, and so on. Thus we maj' see
it is a progressive work, and the growing is
from stature to stature, and not all at once.
Pressing the attention of those present to
their duty, as the only way to gain the favor
of Heaven, I thought the minds of many
were tender and solemn.
6th. Attended meeting at Caincrcek. It
was small and we sat a considerable time be-
fore I found mj- way open to communicate.
I began with : ' We will eat our own bread
and wear our own apparel, only let us be called
b}' thy name to take away our reproach,
do not doubt but that manj-, with me, have
lamented that there were so many who were
satisf}'ing themselves with the appearance,
the form or show, of religion, without the
reality, without the substance. Manj- have
earnesti}' desired to feel or know the ownings
of the Heavenly Father's love, but after the}'
have been favored with a measure of it the}'
have consulted fleshly ease, or have been un-
faithful to known or required duty, and have
lost the place of favor, and are contenting
themselves with an outside resemblance, like
eating their own bread and wearing their own
apparel ; esteemed religious, honest in their
dealings, and perhaps punctual to their en-
gagements too.
In younger years, when the mind is turned
towards the close of life, a desire prevails to
be prepared to end well. Then it is seen what
must be parted with in order to obtain Divine
favor, and as such have been faithful and have
denied themselves, they have felt peace in a
secret satisfaction. Then something else i
presented to the mind, and if faithfulness is
abode in, and the cross borne, they become
prepared to do some little service, which, if
honestly done, tends to peace ; then the heart
does not condemn such, and if our heart does
not condemn, then have we hope towards
God. How easy ! how plain and simple is the
way! To yield obedience attentively is the
way to have this hope, and it is a comfortable
hope. How necessary it is to be in readiness.
Some have been taken out of time as in a mo-
ment, without so much as time to lift up their
eyes and hands to Heaven for mercy. How
unsafe to pass away the time without this
hope, or in eating our own bread, and wear-
ing our own apparel, and only having a name,
without a well-grounded hope.
Some have been so desirous of enjoying
gaiety, and the delights of sense, that they
have been very eager to obtain them ; but con-
viction has covered their minds, and has ren-
dered the enjoyment less comfortable. If
they continue in this course, they are laying
a foundation for lasting misery; but if they
would deny themselves these gratifications,
and take up their daily cross and follow the
dear Eedeemer, they would have peace of
mind.
8th. We were at the Quarterly Meeting
composed of the meetings we have attended
since we left Neuse. In the time spent on the
state of Society, I encouraged those present
to attend their religious meetings, wishing
them to be so devoted thereto, that they might
the world so far as to feel at liberty to leave
them without anxious care. There is a time
in which oui' minds may be projicrly employed
in attending to necessary cares, but I believe
such times should not be long, or else we are
in danger of being drawn into a love of them.
We must learn to attend to them, and to leave
them in the right time."
(To bo rontinurii.)
*-»
Spectrum Analysis.
The study of the spectra of the fixed stars,
a matter of extreme difficulty, has been most
patiently and carefully prosecuted by Dr.
Huggins. It must be borne in mind that,
owing to their vast distance, the stars, even
when viewed with the most powerful tele-
scope, never appear otherwise than as points
of light, all that the telescopes can do being
to intensify that light. JSIow a telescopic
image of the luminous point has to lie kept
steady upon the slit of the spectroscope, whose
aperture is not above l.SOOlh of an inch in
breadth ; and this can only be accomplished
when the telescope is so hung as to be free
from tremor, and is so accurately moved by
clockwork that the earth's motion is effective-
ly neutralized. Moreover, in our climate, it
is only on a few of those nights on which the
stars appear to the naked eye to shine bril-
liantly that the air is steady enough to pre-
vent the flickering and confusion of the spec-
tra which is fatal to these very delicate obser-
vations. Now, as had originally been pointed
out by Fraunhofer, the spectrum of the several
fixed stars differ very greatly from that of the
sun and from each other; and in order to de-
termine the component parts of their lumin-
ous atmospheres it is necessary to be able to
bring into comparison with the spectrum of
each star the spectra of various incandescent
metals and gases.
This is accomplished by a very ingenious
but simple arrangement, which Dr. Huggins
has attached to his telescopic spectroscope, by
which, on pressing a button, the observer can
combine, in the same view, the spectrum of a
star and the sjiectrum of any chemical object
— such as hydi'ogen, magnesium, or iron —
which he may wish to compare with it. In
this manner it is easy to determine with cer-
tainty whether a particular set of bright or
dark lines seen in the spectrum of the star is
or is not coincident with the characteristic
spectrum of any substance already known to
him. As Sirius is by far the brightest of the
fixed stars. Dr. Huggins early devoted great
attention to its spectrum, which he found to
be a continuous one, crossed by great numbers
of dark lines, which are disposed at pretty
regular intervals through the whole length.
Its series of colors so far corresponds with
that of the solar spectrum that the combina-
tion of the whole gives white light.
The spectrum of Sirius further corresponds
with that of the sun in presenting four strong
dark lines, which correspond (though with
certain differences) with the three principal
Fraunhofer lines, C, F, G, and the fourth near
II, that indicate hydrogen ; and the peculiarity
of its line F has led, as will be presently shown,
to a most remarkable discovery in regard to
the proper motion of this conspicuous star.
But the very multiplicity of its lines, taken in
connection with the circumstance that Sirius
never rises high enough in our sky to be out
of the range of the strongly disturbing infiu-
know a being set free from the concerns of ence of our own atmosphere, has made the
84
THE FRIEND.
determination of the elementary substances
whose presence those lines indicate more diffi-
cult than those of certain other stars, to which
Dr. Huggins has accordingly given a prefer-
ential attention. The spectra of all the stars
yet examined, except two, show the presence
of hydrogen, which we have seen to be one
of the most important constituents of the sun.
Sodium, magnesium, calcium and iron are
very frequently recognized, and in Aldebaran
there have been observed, in addition, bismuth
(which has been found in the sun), antimony,
mercury and tellurium — the last being a metal
which is very rare in the earth (though named
from it), and which has not been recognized
in the sun. — Good Words.
Selected for "The Friend."
Vanity.
Vanity is exceedingly misplaced, when
ranked, as she commonly is, in the catalogue
of small faults. It is under her character of
harmlessness that she does all her mischief.
She is, indeed, often found in the society of
great virtues. She docs not follow in the train,
but mixes herself with the company, and by
mixing, mars it. The use our spiritual enemj-
makes of her, is a masterstroke. When he
cannot prevent us from doing right actions,
he can accomplish his purpose almost as well
" by making us vain of them." When he can-
not deprive the public of our benevolence, he
can defeat the effect to ourselves, hy poison-
ing the principle. When he cannot rob others
of the good effect of the deed, he can gain his
point by robbing the doer of his reward. —
Hannah More.
Siberia, we should have been compelled to
camp without fire, water, or warm food, had
not nature provided everywhere an abund-
ance of trailing pine, and stored it away under
the snow for the use of travellers. — Tent Life
in Siberia.
The Trailing Pine of Siberia. — The curious
tree or bush known to the Russians as " ked-
revnik," and rendered in the English transla-
tion of Vrangel's Travels as " trailing cedar,"
is one of the most singular productions of
Siberia, I hardly know whether to call it a
tree, a bush, or a vine, for it partakes more or
less of the characteristics of al! three, and yet
does not look much like any of them. It re-
sembles as much as anything a dwarf pine
tree, with a remarkably gnarled, crooked, and
contorted trunk, growing horizontally like a
neglected vine along the ground, and sending
up perpendicular hunches through the snow.
It has the needles and cones of the common
white pine, but it never stands erect like, a
tree, and grows in great patches from a few
yards to several acres in extent. A man might
walk over a dense growth of it in winter and
yet see nothing but a few bunches of sharp
green needles, sticking up here and there
through the snow. It is found on the most
desolate steppes, and upon the rockiest moun-
tain sides from the Okhotsk Sea to the Arctic
Ocean, and seems to grow most luxuriantly
where the soil is most barren and the storms
most severe. On great ocean-like p'ains, des-
titute of all other vegetation, this trailing
pine lurks beneath the snow, and covers the
ground in places with a perfect net-work of
gnarled, twisted, and interlocking trunks. For
some reason it always seems to die when it
has attained a certain age, and wherever you
find its green spring foliage, you will also find
dry white trunks as inflammable as tinder.
It furnishes almost the only fire-wood of the
wandering Koraks and Chookchees, and with-
out it many parts of northeastern Siberia
would be absolutely uninhabitable bj' man.
Scores of nights during our explorations in
Selected.
THANKFULNESS.
For beauty in this world of ours,
For verdant grass and lovely flowers,
For song of birds, for hum of bees,
For the refreshing summer breeze,
For hill and plain, for streams and wood.
For the great ocean's mighty flood, —
In every thing give thanks !
For the sweet sleep which comes with night,
For the returning morning's light,
For the bright sun th.at shines on high,
For the stars glittering in the sky, —
For these, and every thing we see, —
O Lord ! our hearts we lift to Thee.
In every thing give thanks!
Selected.
ODE TO WISDOM.
No more to fabled names confined,
To Thee, supreme, all-perfect mind,
My thoughts direct their flight:
Wisdom, thy gift, and all her force
From Thee derived, unchanging source
Of intellectual light !
O send her sure, her steady ray
To regulate my doubtful way
Through life's perplexing road,
The mists of error to control.
And through its gloom direct my soul
To happiness and good.
Elizabeth Carter.
Selected.
RESIGNATION.
The air is full of farewells to the dying,
And mournings for the dead ;
The heart of Rachel for her children crying,
Will not be comforted!
Let us be patient ! these severe afflictions
Not from the ground arise.
But oftentimes celestial benedictions
Assume this dark disguise.
We see but dimly through the mists and vapors;
Amid these earthly damps.
What seem to us but dim funereal tapers,
May be Heaven's distant lamps.
LoncifeUou'.
• •
For "The Friend."
Scientific Notes.
A recent book on " Workshop Appliances,"
by C. P. B. Shelley, in the chapter on measur-
ing instruments, gives a description of "Whit-
worth's "Millionth Measuring Machine," an
instrument so marvellously delicate that it
enables us to detect the expansion of a one-
inch bar produced by the touch of a finger.
Another machine of the same kind, when
proper precautions are taken, renders distinct-
ly perceptible a difference of one 2,000,000 of
an inch.
In some recent experiments on the effect
of electricity on plants, a galvanic current
was made to pass through certain portions of
the Lady Slipper ( Balsamina imjjatiens). This
plant was selected partly because it was easily
procured, and partly as being very sensitive
to external agents. Its stem is impregnated
with juices which afford a ready passage to
electricity, and its delicate-tinted flowers in-
dicate by their changes of color the influence
of the current traversing them. After half
an hour's passage of a feeble current there
was no sensible effect, but the plant left to
itself gave signs of enfeeblement, and the part
above the point where the cui-rent entered
quite dried up. When a stronger current!
was used, the plant soon indicated disordeij'
by the drooping of the leaves all along the!
stem, and, left to itself, soon withered. Ir
these experiments the plant was killed by tht
decomposition produced by the electricity it
the tissues. This was proved in the followiiit
manner: A branch of the Balsamina, with
delicate rose-colored flowers, was exposed tc
the influence of an alkali, such as potash oi
ammonia, and the rose-lint was thus changec
to blue. On placing another branch in the
galvanic current, the same effect was produced
in the flowers near the wire connected with
the negative pole of the battery, showing that
alkaline substances had accumulated there,
which could only have been derived from the
decomposition of the tissues of the plant. In
the same manner, by reversing the conditions,
and connecting violet colored flowers with the
positive pole, the presence of an acid was
shown by the change of the blue tint of the
violet color to red.
The experiments were extended to fruits
and seeds. The current was applied for several'
minutes to an apple on a branch which bore
several nearly ripe. After some days the
apple fell off, seemed more matured than the
others and soon deca3'ed. Similar experi-
ments were made on pears and peaches with
the like results.
The current was next made to act on seeds
which had been soaked in water to make them
conductors of electricity. These seeds, and
some through which the current had not been
permitted to pass, were then sown in potS'
filled with good garden earth. The electrified'
seeds germinated sooner and at first showed
a more rapid growth, but ere long were over-
taken by the others.
The scientific expedition which wintered at
Mossel Bay, Spitzbergen, report that during
the night of winter, when walking between
high and low water, every step leaves upon
the snow a very intense luminous mark, bluish-
white. This had before been observed by
Arctic travellers, and attributed to the de-
composition of animal substances; but it was
found to be due to thousands of minute crus-
taceans, for which the snow, moistened with
salt water, seems to be the favorite locality.
These small animals were observed at a tem-
perature of 18° below the freezing point of
water. At this temperature, the human feet,
as well as all bodies drawn upon the ice mois-
tened with sea-water, leave an impression of
a magical aspect.
The preparation of Linden bark for mat-
ting and other purposes, forms quite an im-
portant branch of Russian industry. A largo
amount is exported to England and Germany;
and some of the inland uses to which the ma-
terial is put are grain-sacks, box-covers, wagon-
covers, carpets, sieves, sails for canal boats,
and shoes. In the spring or early summer,
when the flow of sap facilitates the separation
of bark, the peasants repair, with wives and
children to the forests. The lower part of
the bark is generally prepared for roofing
purposes, being heated and pressed into the
form of plates. That of the upper stem and
the branches is bound in bundles and put in
water, where it is left for several months.
Then it is dried in heat, divided into thin
bands, and woven into mats of various strength.
The strongest of them are sold at Nishni-
Novgorod at about $25 the hundred. The
yearly production of mats is estimated at 14,-
THE FRIEND.
85
100,000. For this no lewor than 1,000,000
inden trees are hown annually.
Sea-water is disagreeable to take, but bread
jrepared with it, is said to be agreeable to the
aste, and to keep longer than ordinary bread,
t is ver}' wholesome. During a passage of
Ive months, from Ilavi-o to San Francisco,
ly a sailing ship, the l,ouisian)ie. having on
loard 11)0 passengers and 25 in crew, sea-
vater bread was exclusively used. There was
ot, during this long time, a single case of
llness. It is said to be especiall}- vahiable in
ases of dyspepsia, scrofula and goitre.
The Brighton Aquarium (England) has re-
ently been enriched by the addition of a
oung seal, which was caught by some Yar-
aouth fishermen. It has a habit of sitting
pright in the water with his head and
houklers above the surface, looking inquisi-
ively at every thing about him. When satis-
led with the condition of things about him, he
alf closes his eyes and pats his stomach with
is right flipper, or flaps both of them across
is breast in a ludicrous manner, exactly as a
abman warms the tips of his fingers on a
rintry day by swinging hi* arms vigorously
cross his chest and striking his hands against
is body on either side. It is very well-be-
aved and takes food from the hand.
For "The Friend."
Memoirs and Letters of Sarah llillman.
Our dear friend, Sarah llillman, a minister
f the Northern District Monthly Meeting,
'hiladelphia, who deceased the 11th of Ninth
lonth, 1855, aged 61 years, left behind her
liters and memoranda from which some
jleetions are proposed for the pages of " The
'riend."
She is still, by many, well remembered as
faithful hand-maiden of her dear Lord; and
[I'hile prompt and diligent in His service, was
1 nevertheless of delicate constitution and feeble
1 sdily ability ; being by her contemporary
■ Qd worthy fellow-laborer in the gospel field,
: homas Kite, thus appropriatelj- character-
ed: "A precious jewel in a very delicate
• isket."
Notwithstanding this, the gift committed,
1 i is recorded of her, was occupied with godly
, ar, and to the edification of the sincere-
■ earted ; and though suffering from weakness
f nd disease, she often endeavored to cheer
?r friends in that day of conflict and trial,
1 hold on their way without faltering, be-
: eving the Lamb and his followers would
nally have the victory.
The Diary, as submitted to the hands of the
. impiler, commences about the 20th year of
r age. Though thus early penned — for
. wisdom is the grey hair unto men" — it is
. jlieved that by its solid perusal those of
Danger years may be encouraged by the
juthful dedication and faithfulness of a heart
I sweetly warmed by the Saviour's love, to
How her as she followed Christ ; those feel-
Ig the deep inward stirrings, the effectual
rivings, the purifying baptisms of the Holy
jirit preparatory to the solemn work of the
inistry, may read and ponder how one of an
.rlier day was taught in the school of great
If-reduction, and under the discipline of the
, oss of Christ gradually, and, as in the back
irt of the desert, received that holy, qualifying
iwer of the anointing to bear the messages of
e Lord unto the people ; and parents and
achers may hereby be incited to diligence in'
e imperative duty of watching over and right-
ly training their interesting and highl}' respon-
sible charge, in the nurture and admonition of
the Lord; who will require of them, as dele-
gated shepherds, a strict account for the re-
quired care to promote the spiritual growth,
in good-liking before Him, of this precious
portion of His heritage.
[yote. — It may bo ]iroper here to state, be-
fore proceeding with the diary, that the com-
piler in making .slight verbal corrections that
seemed to be needed, has been careful not to
alter the sense of passages, neither to draw
therefrom unwarrantable conclusions.]
"1S14. nth mo. 24th. Desiring that my life
may be more consistent with m)- profession —
that of following a crucified Saviour — I am
induced to pen some of the occurrences of my
daily life, in order that I maj' not (if I should
straj'") forget what I have experienced hereto-
fore, though but a child — a child indeed in the
work of salvation. Oh ! that I might not lose
what I have known, but that I might travel
on from one degree of strength to another till
I arrive at the stature of a perfect man in
Christ. ' Mark the perfect man and behold
the upright : for the end of that man is peace.'
The company of dear Asenath Hunt has
been strengthening. Believing her to be a
qualified instrument in thy hand, dearest
Father, to labor for the restoration of Zion in
its ancient purity, O! that she may so run as
to receive the answer of peace; and continue
to wear the inscription of, 'Holiness to the
Lord.'
My mind has often been impressed with
the belief that at a future day, or that at some
time perhaps not so far distant as I am willing
to think it, I shall, if obedient, be under the
necessity of expressing myself to my brethren
and sisters even in their solemn assemblies.
O, that ere I embark on this sea of trial, thou,
O gracious Father, would furnish me with
convincing evidence, that it is a flame of thy
own kindling, and touch mj- lips with a live
coal from off thy holy altar, that I may not
bring reproach on Thy name nor the religion
which I profess. Be pleased, dearest Father,
to bring me out of the spirit of the world, to
stain the glory thereof in mj- view, and leave
nothing for me to rely upon but thy holy arm,
which alone is sufficient to save.
Considering the great want of attention in
parents to the very important concern of
rightly bringing up their children in the nur-
ture and admonition of the Lord, as they are
expressly commanded, my mind is at times
clothed with desire that those under my care*
may be instructed by thee, deai'est Father, to
love thee, fear thee, and obey thee, that thus
there may be a succession of instruments
raised up to publish thy blessed truth, that it
may spread from sea to sea, and from the
rivers to the ends of the earth. Cause thy
visitations of love to extend, dearest Father,
to all ranks and classes of the people, that so
they may join in ascribing to "Thee thy due —
praise forevermore.
Ninth mo. 25th. Feeling feeble in health,
and it being a very dull morning as to the
state of the atmosphere, my mind seems to
partake of the gloom ; but I feel a hope it may
disperse ere long, and a brighter prospect pre-
sent to view. As we see in the outward, after
a long season of rain the sun appears more
beautiful, so after a season of poverty and
* S.irah Hillman was engaged in that useful employ
of teaching school during many years of her life.
gloom to be favored to witness the arising of
the Sun of righteousness is indeed a source of
the greatest consolation to a mind desirous of
being enlightened and led thereby. This, I
trust I may saj', is my desire, however I may
deviate from mj- intentions; indeed it is at
times my most ardent wish ; but at others,
when overtaken by the love of pleasui-e, I am
almost ready to forget on what I yesterday
built my ho]ies — even heaven. 01 that Thou,
ilearest Father, wouldst enable me to be more
circumspect in my conduit and conversation
among men, and in my going in and out be-
fore the children. Favor with thy light to
direct their feet in the right path, that thy
name may be exalted in the earth ; and that
th}- servants may not labor in vain, but that
their example maj- influence others to follow
them as the}- are endeavoring to follow Thee.
2(")th. Yesterday was indeed a day of exer-
cise to my mind which I trust will not be for-
gotten : neither will prove to mj- disadvantage
though it amount to nothing more than silent
travail. I have been made sensible this after-
noon, that little intimations, if rightly attend-
ed to, ahvaj's bring their reward. In thy fear,
I trust, dearest Father, I was enabled to take
a book in hand containing some salutary
counsel to read to my scholars; when Thou
wast pleased to awaken one of their minds to
attend seriously thereto. For this, I hope, a
degree of gratitude has ascended up to thy
holy throne, and desires that thou would be
pleased to enable me again to perform any
little service of this kind when consistent with
thy blessed will. Open the hearts of the chil-
dren, that they may feel desirous of serving
Thee. Make them to know that Thou alone
art worthy to be feared, loved, and obeyed.
Grant, dearest Father, that she whom thou
hast been pleased this day to awaken, may
still follow on to know Thee, and be enabled
to ascribe the praise to Thee. And that those
who have not yet felt the power of Thy love
may feel it, so that they also may be made
willing to follow Thee even in tribulation."*
(To be coDtiDned.) ,.^'
From the ''London Athaneum."
The Story of William Barents.
Of all the adventurous voyages of the T>utch
— it may almost be said of any nation — the
most remarkable were the last of the three
undertaken in 1594-1506, by the illustrious
William Barents, to discover a northeast pas-
sage by the sea of Tartary (Siberia) to Ca-
thay and China, as related by Gerrit de Veer,
whose work was edited by Dr. Beke, for the
Haklayt Society, in 1853.
On this third voyage, after passing round
the northeast end of Novaj-a Zemlj-a, Barents
reached a bay, most suitably named by him
Ice Haven, where, being unable to extricate
his ship from the ice, he and his crew, seven-
teen in number, "were forced in great cold,
poverty, miserj^ and grief, to stay all the win-
ter." Fortunatelj' they found a large supply
of drift wood, and with this material, eked out
by planks from the forecastle and poop of the
* If upon reading the.«e notes, there are Friends who
have MS.S., either letters or otherwise, concerning
Sarah Hillman, suitable for publication, it would be
kind in them early to place them where they may be
accessible to the compiler, to be incorporated with these
memoirs as thev are now passing through the press.
Such, if left at 'Friends' Book Store, 304 Arch street,
might be .so used ; and when done with again left there,
or returned to their respective owners.
86
THE FRIEND.
ship, they built a house, into which they re-
moved all their provisions and valuables. A
chimney was fixed in the centre of the roof,
a Dutch clock was set up and made to strike
the hours, bedsteads were placed along the
walls, and a wine cask was converted into a
bath. The surgeon wisely prescribed bathing
as a necessary preservation of health. Snow
storms and gales of wind prevailed through-
out the winter, which had the good effect of
drifting snow round the house as high as the
roof, and thus raising the temperature within.
But their sufferings were intense ; and it is
touching to read of those poor fellows asking
their skippers to let them make merry on
Twelfth night, with a little sack and two
pounds of meal.
In the following summer, Barents and the
survivors of his crew (three or four having
died during the winter) sot out on their re-
turn voyage in two open boats, which they
had built with the timbers of their ship, and
they marvellously reached home in safety,
■with the exception of their able leader, who,
having Iteen long ill, sank under the fatigues
of the voyage, and like Behrend, LaPeyrouse,
Franklin, and now Hall of the Polaris, found
a grave in the midst of his discoveries.
The voyage of Barents, though the first, re-
mained the only one in which the northeast
end of Novaya Zemlj-a had been rounded ; so
that the house in the Ice Haven remained
unvisited for nearly three centuries. But the
spell was broken in 1871, when the Norwegi-
an, EllingCarlsen, the circumnavigator, both
of Spitzbergen and Novaya Zemlya, reached
the spot on September 9th of that year, and
saw the house still standing at the head of
the bay.
He found it 32 feet long by 20 broad, and
the planks of which it was composed were 1
inch thick by from 14 to 16 broad. The ma-
terials had evidently belonged to a ship, and
among them were several oak beams. Eound
the house were several large puncheons stand-
ing, and there were also heaps of reindeer,
seal, bear and walrus bones. The interior is
described by Capt. Carlsen, exactly as repre-
sented in the curious old drawing in Gerrit
de Veer's narrative, which was reproduced in
the edition of the Haklayt Society. The row
of standing bed places along one side of the
room, was exactly as shown in the drawing,
and several of the articles represented in the
drawing, the clock, the halberd and the mus-
kets, were still in their old places.
Mr. Markham gives a list of the numerous
articles, down to the minutest scrap, found
and brought awaj^ by (Japt. Carlsen, and he
remarks: "The house in which Barents and
his gallant crew had wintered, can never have
been entered by any human foot during nearly
three centuries that have since elapsed. There
stood the cooking pans over the fire place, the
old clock against the wall, as shown in the
drawing, the arras and tools, the drinking
vessels, the instruments, and the books that
had beguiled the weary hours of that long
night, two hundred and seventy-eight years
ago. ' The historj' of China,' points to the goal
which Barents sought, while ' the Manual of
Navigation' indicates the knowledge which
guided his efforts. Stranger evidence never
told a more deeply interesting stor}-."
The articles enumerated by Mr. Markham
are, perhaps, the most valuable in an antiqua-
rian point of view; but not the least interest-
ing are the flute which will still give out a
few notes, and the small shoes of the poor
little ship's boy, who died during the winter.
On Capt. Carlsen's return to JEammerfest,
in Norway, Mr. Lister Kay, who happened to
be there on his way to Lapland, purchased of
him these remains of Barents, which he liber-
ally ceded to the Dutch Government at the
price he had paid for them, thereby securing
to the native land of the great navigator,
the precious relics, which arc now safely de-
posited in a room in the Foreign Office at
the Hague.
»..•
For "The Friend."
The Influence of Wealth.
It must appear obvious, we thin'u, even to
the most indifferent observer, that the accu-
mulation of wealth, or the influences attend-
ant thereon, has had a prejudicial eftect upon
our religious growth as a people, dwarfing us
in comparison with the high standard set up
b}' our fathers, and leading faraway from that
sim])licity which characterised the early and
prosperous days of the Society.
The result is indeed most painfully apparent
when we look abroad to our religious gather-
ings, dwindling in numbers and diminishing
in life ; so that we can scarcely fail to be re-
minded of those expressive words of our Sa-
viour: " An enemy has done this."
The world has indeed been too much with
us; or we have not been sufiiciently fortified
against its attacks, and an advantage has
been gained, detrimental to a growth and
establishment in the ever blessed truth.
The apostle John declared, "if any man
love the world the love of the Father is not in
him." And whilst these truths have been
proclaimed from our galleries as far back as
my recollection goes, they have failed to pro-
duce any very apparent beneficial effect ; and
the seed thus sown, seems to have fallen on
barren ground.
Many of the most favored ministers of our
Society in former days, were men of small
means in an outward sense ; but as they placed
their dependence in, and relied solely upon that
which had qualified them for service in the
Church, their influence became extensive, and
their lives, even more than their words, with
truth's power became eloquent.
Woolman, and Jordan, and Healy, and
many others we might name, were all of them
men whom the world could not seduce by its
speciousness or even by its blandishments ;
and, while clothed upon with mortality, their
eyes were fixed upon a better country, to
which they were drawn by an irresistible
attraction.
When the children of Israel were smitten
before the enemies of the Lord, " it was the
concern of Joshua to ascertain the cause, and
after a time of much search, it was found that
the Babylonish garment and golden wedge in
Achan's tent had produced the result ; and
how often since that day has similar causes
been attended with like effects ; men of orderly
lives, whose influence for good has been very
much lessened, by an attachment to worldly
possessions, and a steady engagement in the
pursuit thereof.
" We brought nothing into the world, and
it is certain we can carry nothing out," saith
the apostle, and enjoins, having food and rai-
ment, therewith to be content ; and adds,
" godliness with contentment is great gain."
"There is a sore evil," says Solomon, " which
I have seen under the sun, namely; riches
kept for the owners thereof to their hurt ;l
and how often have we witnessed wealth lefj
to children which has proved a positive injurj!
Solomon himself was an example of this kind
The treasure left by his father (according t
.loscphus) was immense. The effect of whic ,
was to induce foreign nations to court hi
favor, with whom he made affinity, eve
forming matrimonial alliance with their wc
men ; and, although highly favored with
knowledge of the true and living God, ye
sorrowful to relate, he became an idolate
and builded and bowed to the God of hi
wives."
Horace, a heathen poet, has said, Prescentu.
sequitur cara pecuniam. An increase of wealt
is followed by an increase of care. And Juv'
nal declared that, " wealth which is acquire
by so much labor and so many privations, ca
be preserved only by greater anxiety and sol
citude." As imitated by Dr. Johnson :
' Wealth heaped on wealth no peace nor safety buys.
The dangers gather as tlie treasures rise."
What a lesson to the Christian does the la'
guage of these ancients, on whom the light •
revelation never shone, convey ; and ho
astonishing, that so many apparently consi
crate people, should be so eager to embai
upon this troubled sea. K.
HaddonfFeld, 10th mo. 1873.
For " The Friend,'
" Blessed are the pure in heart for they shall
God."— Matt. V.
It is our privilege to believe that Mo8<
the great lawgiver, stood first among thepu.
in heart, and meek of his day ; for it is said "
him, " this man Moses was very meek, aho'
all the men which were upon the face of tl
earth," choosing rather to suffer afflicti*
with the people of God, than to enjoy tl
pleasures of sin for a season ; and refused
be called the son of Pharoah's daughtt
esteeming the reproaches of Christ, great
riches than all the treasures of Egypt. For
years he kept his father's flock, in the ha^
parts of the desert, which prepared him fort
important work of his after life ; and when t
angel of the Lord appeared in a flame of fi
out of the midst of a bush, Moses turn
aside to see this great sight, why the hu
burned and was not consumed. When t
Lord saw that he turned aside to see, li
called to him out of the midst of the bu;
" Moses, Moses ! and he said, here am I." a
God said draw not nigh hither, put ofi' tl ■
shoes from oft" thy feet, for the place where'd
thou standest is holy ground." No doubt
obej'od this simple command in childlike fail
and purity of heart, as we read in the sacr.
volume, Moses hid his face for he was afra
to look upon God. Again, when the Lo.
called him, and said unto him, " Come ru
and I will send thee unto Pharoah, that tb
ma3'est bring ni}- people the children of Isr;
out of Egypt ;" he queried with the Almigln
"who am I, that I should go unto Pharoa
behold they will not hear me nor heark
unto my voice, for they will say the Lo
hath not appeared unto thee !"
This was the second time the Lord hi
visited Moses, and it would seem in him ii'
only a want of faith in the most High, bu).
distrust of his almight}^ power; incompreh(-
sible to some of the present day, that one '
whom it is said "the Lord spake face tofaC('
should doubt, after the extraordinary revc-'
tions of his holy will, or hesitate to obey If-
il
THE FRIEND.
87
landates; bat we mu8t observe in the lives
f the most favored of the Lord's servants
i^at human nature is the same in all. The
jiird time Moses reasons with God. he
ileads his own unfitness: Oh my Lord, I am
lot eloquent, neither heretofore nor since
|]0U has spoken to thy servant, but 1 am of
jow speech, and of a slow tongue ! Mark
le gracious reply of Him who made man's
outh! "I will be with thy mouth, and
:ach thee what thou shalt say." '• 1 have
adc thee a god unto Pharoah, and Aaron
iiall be thy prophet."
Notwithstanding this condescension, long-
iffering and kindness vouchsafed to the great
[wgiver, he still further provoked the Lord,
lying: "'Oh my Lord, send by the hand of
[dom thou wilt send !" and the anger of God
lis kindled against Moses.
■•We have no record wherein to find greater
7e and confidence manifested to his creature
in, than in the life of Moses ; and yet how
en we find the same thorn in the flesh to
ffet him ; poor, weak human nature failing
do, what the spirit would gladlj' effect.
'.■\o marvellous signs and wonders in Egypt,
id the journey through the wilderness to-
(irds Canaan, afford material for an abler
|n than the writer, who simply desires to
[11 the attention of the young and inexperi-
tced, to a practical knowledge of those great
liths, which arc given for our instruction.
■After Moses had been forty days in the
Dunt, where he received the tables of
■me, written upon by the finger of God, the
'. n-d said unto him, get thee down ; and Moses
Imed and went down, and when he beheld
|e great sin which Aaron and the children
Israel had committed, his anger waxed hot,
d he cast the tablets out of his hands, and
ake them beneath the mount, forgetting the
ird could reprove them in his own way and
ne. There is another striking circumstance
ijthe life of this pure and holy man ; when
id commanded him to speak to the rock, he
bk the rod and smote it twice ; disobeying
e direct command of the Lord, for which act
^ was not permitted to enter the promised
lid. Kum. XX. 11.
lit is not the design of the writer, to mark
the shortcomings of this eminent servant
the Lord, but to set forth the necessity of
eping on the watch, when faith and patience
hs sorely tried, and for the sake of those who
) ready to fear they can not attain to such
(■tate of perfection. Let us then hold forth
i language of encouragement to some of the
iders of the '' Friend," who have already
•ned away after perusing the brief view of
;3 lives of the three meek men of Chester
mty, saying: "We can never attain to
;h a perfect state." '• Surely their trials
I re not as great as ours, or they of like pas
ins." " My grace is suflScient for you ;" the
Sice of our Lord Jesus Christ ; it mad
t 'tn what they were, and is still able to
fjinch all the fiery darts of the enemy, and
ruove mountains of difficulty out of the
■^ y.
lames Emlen, Samuel Hilles and Joseph
1 "ads were shining lights in their day ; but
eh had their trials and peculiar character-
ises. James Lmlen's knowledge of human
D,urewas profound, and with a discerning
Birit he was admirably qualified to speak a
yrd to the weary, and many, were they now
li ng, could set their seals to this ; and his
D'morablo sermon in the women's Yearly
Meeting ; his strong and persuasive appeal to
mothers, for the ri^rht training and education
of their children; and his touching and beau-
tiful address to the children, put lorth in the
demonstration of the Spirit and with power,
bearing witness in their hearts (with the still
small voice which had spoken to them liefore),
until there were many tearful eyes to be seen,
and not a discordant sound to be heard ; and
as he closed, it would seem truly as if it was
none other but the house of God, and this the
gate of heaven : " they were, indeed, word.-;
fith' spoken, like apples of gold in pictures ot
silver." But space and time fail me to tell of
all that might interest the weary traveller
Zionward, or encourage the young to rely
upon the grace of their Saviour ; yes, time
would fail to tell of Nathan Sharpless, Jesse
Maris, Joseph and Joel livans, and ol many
others of Chester county, who were meek and
pure in heart and of the children of God, and
who are now, we humbly trust, singing the
souic of Moses and the Lamb.
"The way which leads to life is wonder-
fully straight; oh, how little is the door, and
how stripped must we be to pass thereb}'."
THE FRIEND.
ELEVENTH MONTH 1, 1873.
Men naturally love ease and self-indulgence;
the}' are unwilling that anything should stir
up the nest in which they are reposing. In
our spiritual as in our natural life, we are
easily tempted to indulge in "a little more
sleep, a little more slumber, a little folding of
the hands to sleep." Most of us dislike that
which will call forth opposition, and too many
shrink from bold avowal and support of the
truth if it must bo attended with controversy.
How many in our religious Society who once
knew what was the right, and saw that it was
in danger, to whom, if faithful, ability would
have been given to have stood as watchmen
and standard-bearers, have shrank from a
righteous defence of the truth, until their
spiritual vision became dimmed ; they lost the
armor in which they once trusted, and in their
journey from Jerusalem to Jericho they have
fallen among thieves, who have stripped them
and left them half dead.
Such as these not only lose their own stand-
ing in the Truth, but they are in a fearful de-
gree responsible for ravages made on the flock,
over which they stood as delegated shepherds,
whose duty it is to guard and defend it from
the wolves that come in sheep's clothing.
That is an instructive though an almost
appalling account given by S. FothergiU in a
meeting in England. He said that a Friend
who, when young, was religiously concerned
for his soul's salvation, and also for the wel-
fare of the church, had a dream, in which he
saw himself placed in a green field or pasture,
walled round, and lambs feeding in it well-
favored and in good order, and in the middle
of the enclosure a clear spring for them to
drink at, A sharp instrument was given to
him with which he was to guard the well,
that nothing should foul or muddy it. He
was also directed to keep up the wall, and if
any breaches were made in it he was to repair
them. Samuel said that years after this
Friend had had this dream, he met with him
in America, He had fallen awa}- from the
good condition he had once been in, and was
plunged into darkness and distress. While in
this state he had another dream, in which he
again saw hiniself in the same field he had
seen in his vision in earl}' life, but it had lost
its verdure, the lambs were distempered and
scattered, the wall was much broken down,
the water in the well or spring was fouleil
and muddy, and serpents in it hissed at him,
and he found he could not destro}- them be-
cause he had lost the wea])on formerly given
to him; and as he stood looking at the liiseasod
and perishing lambs, he thought he heai'd a
voice saying, All ihene will 1 ir(jiiirc at thy
hands.
What an awful warning! But those who
are willing, in abasedness of self, to stand up-
rightly and firmly in defence of the Ti'ulh as
it is in Jesus, not drawn aside by desire for
popularity, nor turned back by the frowns, the
misrepresentations or the contumely of false
brethren, experience preservation through all
the suffering and reproach they may have to
endure ; and they know their feet to be more
and more firmly planted on the Eock of ages,
and feel in themselves that it standeth sure,
having this seal, the Lord knoweth them that
are his.
May the number of these be multiplied,
and may they labor, in the meekness of wis-
dow, to build up the wall that others have
allowed to be thiown down, to keep the well-
spring in the " garden enclosed," from mixing
with the " muddy waters of Babylon," and to
shield and feed the lambs by training them,
as much as may be in their power, in the doc-
trines and testimonies of the gospel as hehl by
Friends.
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
Foreign, — Paris di.spatchea say that the Monarchists
iiave determined not to hasten tlie re-opening of the
.-Assembly, Tlie day will be left to the appointment of
the Ministry. Strong opposition is manifested to the
restoration of a monarchy under the Count de Cham-
bord, and it is said the monarchists are less hopeful,
lionapartists and Kepnblicans alike, protest against the
proposed action of the monarchists. Bishop Diipanlonp
has charged the cures of his diocese to pray for the
restoration of the monarchy. Tlie Memorial DiploinaH-
ijue says, the Count deChambord has assured the foreign
Powers that his policy will not be aggressive, and he
will not attempt to reinstate the Pope in his temporal
possessions. The prefect of Lyons has issued an order
suspending the municipal council of that city from otHce
for two months, and appointing a committee of forty
citizens to administer the duties of the council in the
interim. Elections for municipal officers were held in
various places on tlie 26th nit,, and resulted generally
in the success of the Republican candidates. Republi-
can petitions, although prohibited by tlie prefects, are
being circulated throughout France, and being numer-
ously signed by the most influential citizens.
On the 22d ult. .John Bright addres.sed an assemblage
estimated to number 16,000 persons, at Birmingbani.
He commended the Gladstone .administration for its
just legislation, with the exception of the Education
act, which, he said, was framed in a hasty manner and
needed amendment. He advocated the repeal of that
clause by which denominational schools are allowed to
receive payment from the public rates. Speaking of
the war against the .\shantees, he expressed the belief
that the interests and honor of the country would be
best consulted by the ab.solute withdrawal of the British
colonies from the Ashantee coast at no distant date. He
then referred to the relations between (ireat Britain and
the United States, Some Englishmen had spoken of
the Treaty of Washington as liuniiliating to Great
Britain, He on the contrary maintained that the con-
duct of the administration in reference to that treaty,
and subseipient arbitration under its provisions, had
added a nobler page to the history of England than had
all the bloody battles recorded in its history.
Large shipments of specie from England to the U.
88
THE FRIEND.
States continue. The bank rate of interest is now 7 per
cent.
The Cunard Steamship Company have determined
to withdraw their vessels from the West India service,
at an early day, and establish a d,iily line between
Liverpool and New York.
Nothing has been heard from the steamship Ismalia,
which sailed from New York for Glasgow about a month
ago, and it is feared the vessel has been lost.
London, 10th mo. 27th. — Consols, 92J. U. S. sixes,
1807, 96| ; do. .5 per cents, 91 J a 91 J.
Liverpool. — Uplands cotton, 9d. a 9Jd. ; Orleans,
%\d. a %d.
The situation in Spain has not materially changed.
The insurgents in the south maintain their ground ob-
stinately, and have captured a number of Spanish ves-
sels. The Carlists announce that their forces defeated
the Republican troops near Puigcorda, recently. It is
said that the government of Germany has sent two
cavalry officers to accompany the Carlist head-quarters
in its movements in Spain.
A dispatch from Central Asia brings intelligence of
friglitful .scenes in Khiva upon the evacuation of the
capital by the Russian troops. The Youmeds, soldiery
of the khan, revolted and plundered the town, after
which they destroyed it. In addition to the.se outrages
the Usbeks slaughtered 16,000 of the Persians who
were emancipated from slavery. The Khan sent to
General Kaufliiian asking assistance to enable him to
restore order.
Baron Penedo, charged with the settlement of the
conflict between the Church and State authorities in
Brazil, has reached Rome and presented his credentials
to the Pope.
Cardinal Petra is about to leave Rome for France on
a mission from the Vatican to the French bishops. The
Jesuits must quit their establishment in Rome the 2nd
inst. The Father General of the Society will go to
Belgium.
Bombay, by the last census, had 816,560 inhabitants,
and Madras 427,770.
The Pall Mall Gazette publishes a table showing that
17,422 lives have been lost at sea on the coast of the
United Kingdom, during the past twenty-three years.
The Baltic Gazette says the Russian guvernment has
been obliged to order arrests among the Roman Catho-
lic clergy in the dioce.se of Chelm, a conspiracy having
been discovered among them.
A Madrid dispatch of the 27th says, the insurgent
vessels from Cartagena obtained S2, .500,000 in specie,
by the plundering of merchant ships off Valencia. It
is reported that the insurgents in Cartagena are com-
pletely demoralized, and their leaders disagreeing among
them.selves.
About 300 new vessels are being built on the Clyde,
at Glasgow, Scotland.
The emigration in the quarter ending 6th mo. 30th
last, from England to the United States was 79,966,
British North America 14,90.5, Australia 4,813, and all
other places 1223 : total 100,907.
United States. — The mortality in Philadelphia
last week 263, including 72 cliildren under two years.
There were 39 deaths of consumption and 18 old age.
The deaths in New York last week were 514.
Memphis, Shreveport, and other cities in the south-
west, are still suffering terribly from the ravages of
yellow fever.
The earnings of the Pennsylvania Railroad from 1st
mo. Ist, to 10th mo. 1st, 1873, were $18,720,807, an in-
crease of $2,501,5.57 over the same period in 1872.
At the recent election for a .Judge of the Supreme
Court in Pennsylvania, 466,170 votes were polled, viz.,
for Gordon 240,23.5: Ludlow, 225,941. The election
did not excite much interest and the vote was therefore
far from a full one.
The amount of gold collected in California, between
1848 and 1873, is estimated at $1,380,700,000, of which
.about 93,000,000 was mined in 1853.
The shi|i Three Brothers has been loaded at San
Francisco with 4000 tons of wheat, valued at §199,000.'
According to the rejiorts received by the Department
of Agriculture, at Washington, the corn crop of the pre-
sent year will be below average. That of 1872 was
estimated at 1,092,000,000 bushels, tliat of this year it
is expected will fall about 250,000,000 busliels" below
the crop of last year.
The exports of domestic produce from New York
have amounted in the past five weeks to S37, 000,00(1.
The MarkeU, &c. — The following were the quotations
on the 27th nit. New York. — American gold, 1085.
U. S. sixes, 1881, 113; ditto, 1868, 113; ditto, 10-40
5 per cents, 107. Superfine flour, $5.15 a $5.()5 ; State
extra, $6 a t6.35 ; finer brands, $0.50 a $10.30. Red
western wheat, $1.50; No. 1 Milwaukie spring, $1.40; '
No. 2 Chicago spring, $1.32. Oats, 46j a 50 cts.
Western mixed corn, 58 a 59 cts. ; yellow, 60^ cts. ;
j white, 70 cts. Philadelphia. — Uplands and New Or-
leans cotton, 16 a 16; cts. Cuba sugar, 7; cts. Standard
white petroleum, 16 cts. Superfine flour, $4.50 a $5.25 ;
extras, $5. .50 a S6.25 ; finer brands, $6.50 a $10. Amber
wheat, $1.58 a $1.63; red do., $1.45 a $1.50. Rye, 83
cts. Yellow corn, 62 a 63 cts.; western mixed, 01 a 62
cts. Oats, 44 a .50 cts. Smoked hams, 12 a 14 cts.
Lard, 8J a 8;] cts. Clover seed, 9i a 10 cts. Timothy,
$2.50 per bushel. The cattle market was dull. About
3200 beef cattle sold at 61 a 7 cts. per lb. gross for extra ;
5J a 6 cts. for fair to good, and 3J a 5 cts. for common.
Sheep .sold at 4 a 6 cts. per lb. gross: sales 12,000 head.
About 9,000 hogs sold at S6..50_^a $6.62 per 100 lb. net.
Chicago. — Spring extra flour, $5 a S6. No. 1 spring
wheat, $1.07 ; No. 2 do., $1.03 ; No. 3 do., 98 cts. No.
2 mixed corn, 37 cts. No. 2 oats, 30J cts. Rye, 62 a
63 cts. No. 2 barley, $1.33. Lard, 7 a 7i cts. Balti-
more.— Choice amber wheat, $1.65 a §1.70; (Jhio and
Indiana red, SI. 35 a $1.45. Western mixed corn, 64
cts. ; vellow, 68 cts. Oats, 48 a 52 cts. Cincinnati. —
Family flour, $6.85 a §7.10. Wheat, $1.35 a $1.37.
Corn, 45 a 47 cts. Oats, 35 a 43 cts. St. Louis. — No. 2
winter red wheat, $1.49 a $1.50; No. 3 fall, $1.25; No.
2 spring, $1. No. 2 mixed corn, 41 J a 42 cts. Oats,
32 cts.
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
The Winter Session of the School will commence
on Second-day the 3rd of Eleventh month.
Pupils who have been regularly entered and who go
by the cars from Philadelphia, can obtain tickets of the
Treasurer, No. .304 Arch St., or they can procure them
at the depot of the West Chester and Philadelphia Rail-
road, corner of Thirty-first and Chestnut streets, by
giving their names to the Ticket-agent there, who is
furnished witli a li.st of the pupils for that purpose. In
such case the passage, including the stage fare from the
Railroad Station, will be charged at the vSchool, to be
paid for with the other incidental charges at the clo.se
of the term. Conveyances will be at the Street Road
Station on Second and Third-days, the 3rd and 4th of
Eleventh month, to meet the trains that leave Phila-
delphia at 7.25 and 10 A. M., and 12.10 and 2.30 P. M.
JS@° Baggage may be left either at Thirty-first and
Chestnut streets or at Eighteenth and Market. If left
at the latter place, it must be put under the care of
Hibberd Alexander & Sons, who will convey it thence
to Thirty-Hrst and Chestnut at a charge of 10 cents per
trunk, to be paid to them. Tho.se who prefer can have
their baggage sent for to any place in the built-up part
of the City, by sending word on the day previous
(through the post-office or cjtherwise) to II. .\lexander
& Sons, N. E. corner of 18th and Market Sts. Their
charge in such case for taking baggage to Thirty-first
and Chestiuit streets, will be 25 cents per trunk. For
the .same charge they will also collect baggage from the
other railroad depots, if the checks are left at their office
corner of 18th and Market Sts. B.aggage put under
their care, if properly marked, will not require any at-
tention from the owners, either at the West Philadel-
phia depot, or at the Street Road Station, but will be
forwarded direct to the School. It may nut always go
on the same train as the owner, but it will go on the
same day, provided the notice to II. Alexander & Sons
reaches them in time.
During the Session, passengers for the School will
be met at the Street Road Station, on the arrival of the
first train from the City, every day except First-days ;
and small packages for the pupils, if left at Friends'
Book Store, No. 304 Arch street, will be forwarded
every Sixth-day at 12 o'clock, except on the last two Sixth-
days In the Tvxtjlh month, and the expense charged in
their bills.
Tenth month 18th, 1873.
^1
BIBLE ASSOCIATION OF FRIENDS.
The Annual Meeting of " The Bible .\ssociation of
Friends in America," will be held in the Committee-
room of the Arch Street Meeting-house, Philadelphia,
on the evening of Fourth-day, the 5th of Eleventh
month, at 8 o'clock.
The members of the Philadelphia Auxiliary, both
men and women, and Friends generally, are invited to
attend. William Evans, Secretary.
RECEIPTS.
Received from Joseph Armfield, Agent, Englan
£1. 10s., vol. 47, 3 copies, and for Samuel Alexande
Samuel J. Alexander, Joshua Ashby, William L. Be
lows, Samuel Bradburn, James Boorne, John Bottomie
John Edw'd Baker, Robert Clark, Jno. Cheal, AVillia
Graham, Forster Green, Abraham Green, Anna Glove
Susanna Grubb, Enoch Halden, John Hodgkin, Samu
Hope, John Horniman, Henry Horsuaill, Willia
Irwin, Susanna Kirkham, James Ken way, Lsaac Lloy
John Finch Marsh, Thomas Mi^rsden, Manchest
Friends' Institute, Samuel Moorhouse, William ]
Nash, Daniel Pickard, Samuel Pickard, Rachel Ricl
man, Holman Sbephard, Ann Swithenbank, Job
Sykes, Elizabeth Thwaite, Lucy W. Walker, Willia
Wright, and Edward Watkins, 10 shillings each, vc
47; for Sarah Elcock, 10s., vol. 44; for John Bellow
13s., to No. 52, vol. 46, 2 copies; for William Richar
.son, £1, vols. 46 and 47 ; for William James Le Ta'
15s., to No. 52, vol. 47, and for William Bingham, £
10s., vol. 47, 3 copies.
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
The Winter Session will open on the 3rd
Eleventh month. Friends intending to send pupils
the Institution are requested to make early applicatii
to Aaron Sharpless, Sup't, Street Road P. (
Chester Co., Pa., or to Charles J. Allen, Treason
304 Arch St., Philadelphia.
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
As the stations of Superintendent and Matron oft!
Institution are expected to be vacated at the close of t.
Winter Session, in the 4th month next. Friends wl
may feel drawn to undertake the duties attached
them, are requested to communicate thereon with eith
of the following named members of the Committee.
Nathaniel N. Stokes, Cinnaminson Post-oflii
Burlington Co., N. J.
Charles Evans, No. 702 Race St., Philadelphi
Deborah Rhoad.s, Haddonfield, N. J.
Rebecca S. Allen, No. 335 S. Fifth St., Philac
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE.
Near Frankford, (Twenty-third Ward,) Philadelphid
Physician and Superintendent — Joshua H. WorT
INGTON, M. D.
Married, at Friends' Meeting, on Arch St., Phil
delphia, on the 9th ult., C. Canby B.alderston,
Westtown, Pa., and Mary Ann.^ Brown, daughter
Nathaniel H. Brown, of Philadelphia.
, at Friends' Meeting, Fallowfield, Chest
Co , on the 23rd ult., Charles M. Tatnall, of W
mington, Del., to Rebecca L. Gibbons, daughter
.•\brabam Gibbons, of Coatesville, Penna.
A Stated meeting of the Female Society of Philadel-
phia for the Relief and Employment of the Poor, will
be held at the House of Industry, No. 112 N. Seventh
St., on Seventh-day, the 1st of 11th mo., at 31 o'clock.
Julianna Randolph, Clerk.
Died, on the 24th of Sixth month, 1873, Ann Clb
.son, widow of James Clemson, aged 75 years, a mei
ber of Sandy Spring Monthly meeting, Ohio. She h'
been aifiicted for many years, and bore her sufleri
with christian patience. She discharged the duties<
life becoming a true woman; and though she staj
with us more than three score years and ten, we W(
loth to part with her.
, on the 5th of Ninth month, 1873, Frances
wife of Thomas C. Garrett, a member of GermantO'
Preparative and Frankford Monthly Meetings, Phi
delphia. Endowed with an unusually sympathetic ai
winning nature, it was in the home circle that her i '
fluence and her virtues were chiefly felt, flowing ther
in almost hidden channels to soothe and gladden t
poor, the solitary and the afflicted. Humble in t ,
estimate of her religious attainment, and keenly sen |
tive to the evil that doth so easily be.set, she looked '
her Saviour not only for forgiveness, but for the da: I
and hourly strength needed to overcome. A strong w
was monUled and .■subdued as her Christian life maturt
Tliough she was not wont to express much respecli
her spiritual experiences, the whole tenor of life, as w
as conversation, showed that her thoughts and aflectic
were more and more fixed on the unseen and eteriu
so that in .seeing the removal of this beloved one afl
weary months of suttering, we feel the truth of the la 1
guage, " Our light aflliction, which is but for a momei |
workelh for us a far more exceeding and eternal weig f
of glory; while we look not at the things which a I
seen, but at the things which are not seen ;" and co I
solingly rejoice in believing that the song of the i I
deemed, begun on earth, is now evermore hers, " S; '
vation to our God which sitteth upon the throne, at
unto the Lamb."
I
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. XLVII.
SEVENTH-DAY, ELEVENTH MONTH 8, 1873.
NO. 12.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
irice Two Dollars per annum, if paid in advance. Two
dollars and fifty cents, if not paid in advance.
SubscrlpttOQB and Payments received by
JOHN S. STOKES,
4T NO. 116 NORTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS,
PHILADELPHIA.
ostage, when paid quarterly in advance, five cents.
For " The Friend.'
John Heald.
(routinned from page 83.)
2nd mo. 12tli, 1817. '• Wo went to the moet-
ng at Springfield. After sitting nearlj- an
lOur, I said, Friends, maintain the watch.
?he enemy, 1 apprehend, is near, watching to
latch the unvvary. Take care, for he will use
very crafty and subtle device to obtain an
dvantage over the careless. If he can de-
rive any one of any portion of happiness, he
nil do it. Well-intentioned people arc some-
mes beguiled and deprived of real comfort
J unwatchfulness. We went home with
fathan Hunt, and in the course of the even-
3g he said he did not know that he was ever
etter satisfied with a meeting, or the service
it.
13th. Attended Deep River Meeting. Here
re saw the first stove since we crossed James'
4iver. There was a large collection of people,
began with : A just weight, and a justmea-
iire and balance in outward affairs are essen-
al, and are not more necessary in that sense,
dan in an inward and spiritual view. It is
ossible to acquire something and call it by
de name of religion, and put it on as a gar-
lent and wear it for a while, and then take
/ off and lay it away, as not having present
ae for it; and then occasionally put it on
gain, with a specious outside appearance.
>oe8 not this require a just weight to weigh
• by? A name, a show, an outside appear
nee — are these weight? The Lord seeth not
3 man seeth, He looks at the heart ; no falla-
ous appearance deceives Him.
Many things were mentioned and brought
trth to view, to be tried ; and those present
ere invited to weigh things with attention,
hioh are of eternal moment.
14th. We attended Pine Wood's Meeting,
3t large and slow in gathering, and to me
ither heavy and dull, but at length I stood
p and said, Where much is given, much will
3 required, and where little is given, there
ttle will be required. Those who have re-
lived none of the Lord's mercies, if any such
!m be found, may hold themselves excused
id make no return ; but if there be none
icli on the face of the earth, then have we
1 received somewhat. We who are here are
all blessed with life, and many with health,
and we have food and raiment sutticient for
us, and some are earnestly craving more, who
have felt little or no gratitude for the many
favors they have received. These arc ))ar-
takers of the Lord's gifts and graces without
a suitable return being made. Is not this a
mark of ingratitude? If we have been re-
ceivers of His blessings, and not grateful lor
the past, what can we reasonal)ly expect will
be our situation when we stand in need ?
These ideas, some may be disposed to think,
will suit such and such, and would allow them
to take and improve by them, and thus as it
were, hand away to others what they should
use to improve by themselves."
J. H. then extended a caution against giv-
ing way to a censorious disposition, which
would expel love, and bring into the heart
envy, hatred and malice. He adds : '■ My
mind seemed raised into light, and heavenl}'
power attended, and out of weakness 1 was
made strong. Soon after the testimony was
delivered, 1 felt my mind bowed in 8up])lica-
tion, and then the meeting concluded in prayer
for more of the Divine favor, and a return of
blessing and praise for that already received.
16th. We again attended Siiringtield .Meet-
ing. Notice had been spreading since we were
here before, and a large number of Friends
and others collected, and I was deeply con-
cerned and felt myself very weak to have so
great a charge on me. In secret I breathed
to the Helper of His people for strength and
support to bear me through, while the meet-
ing was gathering. Before the}- had quite all
come, I said. Obedience is wanting. This
sentiment lias fixed on my mind during the
time this meeting has been collecting. Mani-
fest knowledge is a great blessing, a great
favor, one among the greatest bestowed upon
man, yet how we neglect to j'ield obedience !
We cannot be in favor with our Maker, while
we are unfaithful in j-ielding obedience to
what is known to be required. Such are led
from the paths of piety and virtue into by-
ways and crooked paths, and forsake living
mercies for lying vanities, walkingin the paths
of foil}' and dissipation. In all this course
what do we enjoy? A little portion of that
which, if it be somewhat sweet when partaken
of, leaves bitterness behind ! Instead af the
reward of obedience, those v?ho go into the
paths of folly often partake of a bitter cup,
which makes their pleasure less than it ap-
pears to be. After a time of dissipation, when
all is still, as in the night when retired to rest,
what sadness of heart, what distress in secret
— the sure reward of disobedience; when, if
obedience had been yielded to there would
have been peace of mind, a secret satisfaction
without condemnation, with a hope of obtain-
ing mercy. The holy apostle has said, that
if our heart condemn us, God is greater and
knows all things; but if our heart condemn
us not, then have we hope toward God. I
reminded them of the closing period of life in
a feeling manner. Many felt the force of it
with tenderness of heart, as I recited a case I
was a witness of, where neglected <ibedienco
brought very trying distress, followed by
severe repentance. How could any expect
that it should be said to them, ' Well done,
good and faithful servant, enter thou into the
joy of thy Lord, (nor indeed would such a
sentence be true) while disobedience was lived
in.' I then endeavored to set forth the situa-
tion of the obedient, when on the point of
leaving this world, rejoicing at the prospect
of going into mansions of joy and delight,
there to remain forever.
19th. We attended the meeting at Hunting
Creek, which in a hilly, thinly settled part,
might be called large, though many of the
people appeared to me very ignorant of genu-
ine religion. After sitting some time, I ad-
dressed them with, 'Whosoever loveth father
or mother more than mo is not worthy of me,
and whosoever loveth wife or children more
than mo is not worthy of me,' &c. This ap-
peared to me to be a ci'iterion whereby we
might try our love. Another saying of our
dear Lord seems to lead almost to the same
thing, which is. Lay not up for yourselves
treasures on earth, but Lay up for yourselves
treasures in heaven, where neither moth nor
rust doth corrupt, nor thieves break through
and steal — adding. Where your treasure is,
there will your hearts be also. That which
we most lovo will be our treasure, there our
hearts and minds will go. This was a time of
hard labor though I thought something was
gained."
In the course of John Hcald's testimony at
Deep Creek on the 20th, he mentioned an
affecting case, in which he had been called to
visit a man, apparently near the end of life,
who felt that he was not fit to die, and had
little of that hope which is an anchor to the
soul to bear up his mind in that time of trial.
The man recovered from his sickness, but in-
stead of taking warning from the experience
of his bed of disease, again plunged into the
paths of folly and dissipation, choosing to
cleave to tbo evil and refuse the good. The
warning to be derived from this sad instance
of the perversity of the human heart was held
up to view ; and in an affectionate appeal made
to those present, J. H. said : " I feel a measure
of that love that wishes well to all the human
family. I wish well to every society, to every
class of my fellow-creatures. I wish they
would all refuse the evil and choose the good.
I wish the sincere, the honest-hearted to be
encouraged, though they may feel impover-
ished and go mourning on their way, to keep
as near the good as they may be favored to
do, and to bewaro of formality. How danger-
ous it is to get into this, to have nothing but
an outside sanctified show, while the mind in
secret is running after the delights or gratifi-
cations of the world. Beware of this, for the
All-seeing Eye will behold it. Instead of wor-
I shipping Him in Spirit and in truth, some-
90
THE FRIEND.
thing else is adored." He adds : " The minds
of the people were solemn for the time, and I
hope it will be for their profit."
The incident above mentioned by J. H.
tends to confirm the remark that has been
made by persons who have had large oppor-
tunities for observation, that but little reliance
is to be placed on what are called death-bed
repentances. A *-ecent writer in The Lutheran
Observer, quotes the remark of a pious English
physician, that he had known many sick per-
sons who, soon expecting to die, had been led,
as they supposed, to repentance of their sins
and saving faith in Christ; and who had
eventually been restored to health again.
Soon after their recover^', nearly all of them
plunged again into the follies and vices of the
•world. He refers also to the experience of
an American phj'sician, whose piety led him
to attend not only to people's bodies, but their
souls, who stated, " That he had known a
hundred or more instances, in his practice, of
persons who in the prospect of death had been
hopefully converted, but had subsequently
been restored to health. Out of them all he
did not know of more than three who devoted
themselves to the service of Christ after their
recovery, or gave any evidence of genuine
conversion."
{To be continued.)
♦-•
A Remarkable Murder Case.
Leonard Sargeant, of Manchester, A^t., for-
merly active in politics, and once Lieutenant
Governor of that State, has published a pamph-
let containing a narrative of and the evidence
in a famous murder case which occurred early
in the present century. L. Sargeant was one
of the counsel for the defence, and his account
of the incidents, which covered a period of
eight years, is very interesting. The pamph-
let is printed for the purpose of giving to law-
yers the points in a case which has often been
quoted ; but additional importance is attached
to it from the prominent part taken by the
newspapers even at that early day in public
affairs.
In 1812 there lived in Manchester a man
named Barney Boorn, who had two sons,
Stephen and Jesse, and a son-in-law named
Eussel Colvin, all living with him. Colvin
was an eccentric man, supposed to be insane
at times, and frequently absented himself for
days without notice and^without giving any
account of his adventures. At last he was
missing so long that people began to make
inquiries, and suspicions of foul play were
aroused. Months and years passed, and yet
there was no explanation of Colvin's absence.
Some of the neighbors remembered that the
Boorn brothers, very shortly after his disap-
pearance, had declared that Colvin was dead,
and that they had " put him whore potatoes
would not freeze." They had not been on
good terms with him, and this added to the
prejudice against them.
Singularly enough, other circumstances be-
gan to accumulate against the brothers. Some
children found a dilapidated hat, which was
recognized as the one Colvin wore at the time
of his disappearance. Search was made for
the bones of the supposed murdered man.
Soon afterward a dog uncovered some bones
beneath an old stump, which at first were
pronounced to be human bones, but subse-
quently were found not to be. An uncle of the
boys had a dream in which Colvin came to
his bed-side and told him that he had been
murdered. A barn in the neighborhood was
mysteriouslj' burned, and it was at once con-
jectured that the murdered man had been
buried under it, and that the fire was intended
to destroy all traces of the crime. All these
circumstances added to the excitement against
the Boorns. Stephen was then out of the State,
but Jesse was arrested. He confessed that
his brother Stephen had told him a short time
previously that he and Colvin had quarrelled,
and that he had killed Colvin by a blow on
the head. The people of the neighborhood
and for miles around spent the next few days
in another search for Colvin's bones, but none
were found.
Stephen Boorn was brought home. He
denied the statement of Jesse and asserted his
innocence. The brothers were imprisoned to
await the meeting of the Grand Jury. The
principal witness before that body was a for-
ger, who had been confined in jail with the
Boorns. He reported in detail a confession of
the murder by Jesse Boorn, and both the boys
were indicted. This was in September, 1819,
more than seven years after the disappearance
of Colvin. In November the trial took place.
Meanwhile Stephen was induced by the re-
marks upon the hopelessness of their case to
confess the crime, in the expectation of mercy
from the Court.
This confession was the chief evidence
against them. Notwithstanding that it was
drawn out by hope of obtaining a more favor-
able verdict, and that no body had been found
as pi'oof of the murder, or even that Colvin
was dead, the brothers were convicted and
sentenced to be hanged on the 2Sth of Janu-
arj', 1820. The character of the evidence upon
which they were convicted will attract the
attention of lawyers at this time as showing
what remarkable changes have taken place in
criminal jurisprudence. So decisive did the
testimony against them appear to be that the
mother of the convicts was expelled from the
Baptist church, and the father was held as a
prisoner for a time, upon suspicion that they
must have been accessory to the murder.
A few of the citizens who were disposed to
be merciful, signed a petition for the commu-
tation of the sentence against the Boorns.
The Legislature voted to change the sentence
of Jesse to imprisonment for life, but refused
to interfere with that of Stephen. It occurred
to Stephen in an interview with his counsel,
that it would be a good plan to advertise for
Colvin in the newspapers. Up to that point
his counsel had believed him guilty, but he
assured them that his confession was untrue
and he was innocent. The following notice
was therefore printed in the Rutland Herald;
"Murder. — ^Printers of newspapers through-
out the United States are desired to publish
that gtephen Boorn, of Manchester, in Ver-
mont, is sentenced to be executed for the
murder of Russell Colvin, who has been absent
about seven years. Any person who can give
information of said Colvin may save the life
of the innocent by making immediate com-
munication. Colvin is about five feet five
inches high, light complexion, light-colored
hair, blue eyes, about forty years of age.
"Manchester, Vt., November 26th,'1819."
Newspapers travelled slowly then, and
Stephen's friends had but little hope that this
would save him even if his story was true.
Three days afterward, says Mr. Sargeant's
pamphlet, the New York Evening Post copied
it, and " the next day it happened that the
notice was read aloud in one of the hotels in
New York. Another man standing near,
named Whelpley, said he had formerly lived;
in Manchester, and was well acquainted withi
Colvin, and related many anecdotes and pecu-
liarities concerning him. Tabor Chadwick, ,
of Shrewsbury, N. J., was also standing near
and listened to the conversation, which made
a deep impression upon his mind. On think-
ing the matter over after his return home, it
occurred to him that a man then living with
his brother-in-law, William Polhemus, of Do-
ver, New Jersey-, answered exactly the de-
scription of Colvin as given by Whelpley."
Finally, he wrote a letter to the Evening Post,
giving his conclusions. Whelpley saw it, went ,
to Dover, identified Colvin, and, after great!
effort, induced him to visit Manchester. There
was great rejoicing in the town, and Stephen
Boorn was brought from the prison to fire the
cannon that celebrated his deliverance.
The author truly remarks that this case iS;
without a parallel. To the newspaper alone
was due the discovery of the unconscionsi
eauseof the trialand conviction of his brothers-
in-law and the prevention of an unjust execu-
tion. It needs no extraordinary vision to see
how difticult it would be for such a case so
long to remain a mystery in these days, when
everybody is a daily newspaper reader. A
few points in the Kelsey case, now undergo-
ing investigation at Oyster Bay, may remind
the reader of the Colvin case; but if Kelsey :
is still alive, as some maintain, it is not likely
that he can remain undiscovered by his pur-
suers and unconscious of what is going on be-;
hind him for eight years.
For "Tlie Friend."
A letter to a female friend, in the 10th yearl
after John Newton lost his wife, presents
most interesting picture of the vividness i
his feelings and recollections, even after tha^
lapse of time ; but not less so of the glowing
thankfulness and quiet rest, which " the hope|l
of the gospel" had shed over his mind.
" Pottswood Green, 1800. ;
" My Dear Madam : Though through mercy
my wounds are well healed, and I am satisfied
the Lord has done all things well with meaad
mine, yet this place revives some old sensa-
tions more than any other spot on the glob©
could do. Here my Eliza Cunningham and
very dear Mary languished long, and this was
the last house thej' were both in till they re-
turned to Coleman street, to go out no more
till removed in the hearse. There is a wood
at a little distance, to which I often resorted,
and still resort. If you were there, and the!
trees could speak, they might tell you much
of the exercise of my mind, to which they
were witnesses. I call it my Bethel. There
in my distress I sought the Lord, and He
heard me. There I have since ]ierformed, or
at least acknowledged the vows I made in the
time of my trouble. As my dear Mary was
not a young woman, and we had lived together
more than forty years, some people have .
thought 1 made too much ado, when called to.
resign her. I pity those who can not feel as
I do ! They do not know that a union of
hearts in the married state, when the Lord
aftbrds His blessing, is strengthened dailj- by '
a series of reciprocal endearments and obliga-
tions in the course of forty years ; and that as
passion in time abates, friendship is proper- J
tionatoly strengthened and heightened, so that
perhaps the flesh feels more at parting at the
THE FRIEND.
91
isnd of forty years, than at the eud of four.
jHe must have a steadj' hand, who can draw
jthe exact line between over valuino; and iin-
[iervaluing our creature comforts. The latter
iwas rot my fault. Alas! I was an idolatci',
and I suffered for it. Now all is over, 1 can
jbe thankful for the years 1789 and ITHO. But
i[ wouitl not live them over again for the
wealth of the Indies. Yet nothing in the sin-
iJ'ular history of my life is more wonderful to
inyself than the manner in which the Lord
napported me through the trying scene, and
lit the close of it. Scarcely in any other way
DOuld I have known so much of the power and
laithfulness of His promise to give strength
iccordingto thedaj', and of Hisall-sutticiency;
or I bad no more of what are called sensible
iomforts than usual; but still was supported!
[ know not how, but I well know, that if His
irm had not been underneath me I must have
innk like a stone in the water. I learned also
n that school, not to be so over-anxious for
ny friends, when under great trials, as I had
brmerly been ; for I saw, yea, I felt, that the
jord is able to make us equal to anj- thing
vhich He calls us either to do or suffer. ( Hab.
ii. 17, 18.) Though the recollection of what
had once, and what I now have not, is sel-
lom out of my thoughts when awake, 3-et
hrough mercy, I am quite easy — the wound
3 healed — the scar only remains, and I allow
nyself to look often upon it, because it re-
;ninds me of the skill and tenderness of that
•aithful Friend, who so managed the wound
le made for my good, that nothing now but
he scar appears. It also excites humiliation.
nd reminds me how well I deserved to have
con chastised more severely. When I see
ou and Mr. E. together, I am often reminded
ow it was once with me. I rejoice for you
ideed; I do not envy you; sometimes I am
iclined to pity you ; and to fear j-ou are too
I'appy in each other. Oh ! may the Lord pre
rerve you from the excess of affection, whicli
lied my otherwise happy life with anxiou.';
ares, and thorns, and clouds, from the begin-
ing to the end of our union. From these the
jparating stroke freed me ; and if I have not
ad so much pleasure since, neither have I
ad so many pains; and, perhaps, upon the
■hole, and when all deductions are made, my
idowhood has been the happiest part of my
fe ; especially as the Lord, by the affection
od attention of my dear E., has repaired my
)ss as far as the nature of the case will admit.
t R I was in a pleasing bustle ; here 1
ave a pleasing retirement. In London, I
yed in a crowd ; at P there is a crowd
;i me. Many vain intruders often tease me
lost at such seasons as I most desire to be
'■eed from them ; they follow me into the pul-
it. I hope I do not tone them, or wish to
'dge them! Often in prayer some idle fancy
uzzes about me, and makes me forget where
am, and what I am doing. I then compare
lyself to a man upon his knees before the
iog, pleading for his life, or returning thanks
i>r some great favor; in themidst of his speech
[6 sees a butterfly ; he immediatelj- breaks off,
iaves his speech unfinished, and runs away
) catch the butterfly. Such a man would be
lought mad ; and my vile thoughts prove
lat I am not fi-ee from spiritual insanitj-. Is
so with you ? I believe it is at some times,
■nd in some degree, though I hope you are
:ot so bad as I. As we all spring from one
oek, though our features differ, depravity
the common family likeness, which runs
through the whole species ; but Jesus came
into the world to save sinners; He died for
us, and
His h.iiuis infected nature cure
Witli siinctifying grace.
We hope in a little time to see Him as He is.
His ]irecious blood cleanses us from all sins,
and makes our defective services acceptable
to God. Tell all who love the Saviour (by
whatever names they are known) whether
ministers or people, that I love them, and
pray to the Lord to reward all who showed
me kindness for His sake.
I am your affectionate and obliged,
John Newton."
The .Markets of Paris.
C. C. F. writes to the Baltimore American :
We visited at an early hour j-estcrda}- morn-
ing, the great central market of Paris, which
presents a most novel scene to the stranger,
being so different from those to which he is
accustomed. Thej' are called Halles, and
there are in the city eight for wholesale trans-
actions, fifty-seven for retail dealers, and one
central cattle market, where the slaughtered
meat is sold by auction, either the whole an-
imal, or quartered, where the butchers' stores
throughout the city obtain their supplies. Itl
was to this great central market that we re-
paired j-esterday morning. It combining all
the peculiarities of the other markets, both
wholesale and retail.
The Central Halles cover a space of ground
about as large as that occupied by the Cam-
den Street Depot, of the Baltimore and Ohio
Railroad, the streets passing through it, but
being covered by glass roofs, making the
whole one building, mainly of iron and glass.
It is, however, divided into ten distinct halles
or markets. But the most singular part is
the underground portion of the market house,
which has parallel lines of tramways extend-
ing from the cellars through a tunnel, which
passes under the Boulevard Sebastopol and
connecting with the Railroad de Centre, near-
ly a mile distant. This railroad encircles the
city and connects with all the other roads, so
that the produce for this great market is all
brought by this underground tunnel direct into
the cellar.
When we reached the market house ever}--
thing was in full blast, wholesale and retail.
Instead of stalls in the retail markets, each
dealer is provided with an iron cage about ten
feet square, and some only half this size, in
which they transact their business, the fronts
being provided with folding iron doors, so that
they can bo thrown open, or closed up at night
and locked. This contrivance makes ventila-
tion perfect, and keeps everything secure.
They are in rows close together, witl^ pas-
sage ways about twelve feet wide between
them. One section is for meats, another for
cheese, eggs and butter, another for poultry
and game, another for vegetables, and another
for flour, feed and grain. On the opposite
side of each of these pavilions is another for
the sale of each of these articles by wholesale,
and at least fifty auctioneers were busy selling,
each with clerks and cashiers to note the sales
and receive the money.
There are numerous other markets, much
smaller, but most of them built in the same
style in all sections of the city. The whole
number of wholesale markets is twenty-two
and of retail markets fifty-seven. The Marche
dcs Herboristes, for the sale of fresh medici-
nal herbs, is held on Wednesday and Satur-
day, and the Jlarche au Pain is dailj' supplied
by bakers from the environs, who are allowed
to sell their bread here on condition of its
being cheaper than the bread made and sold
by the bakers of Paris. This they are enabled
to do bj" the difference of the rent and general
expenses in the outskirts as compared with
that within the walls. The retail dealers in
all these markets pay 20 cents per day to the
city for fixed stalls, or C cents for temporary
stalls. There are also flour markets, and
another very popular establishment in the
market, which is in reality a market for old
clothes. This is called the Marche du Vieux
Linge. It is a market for old clothes and
stufis, shoes and tools, and is a very extensive
affair. It is about seven hundred feet long by
two hundred feet broad, built in iron pavil-
ions, and contains tiro thousand four hundred
places for dealers, each of about thirteen
s(|uare feet, and each and all these stalls are
filled with dealers, from which some idea can
be obtained of the scene here presented. This
was built as a speculation, the citj' granting
the contractor the right to build it and re-
ceive the rents for fifty years, at the same
time paying the city $40,000 per annum, and
the whole to revert to the city at the expiration
of fifty years. It cost the contractor 8700,000.
The new stalls set up for the dealers are so
elegant, and the articles offered for sale so
cleverly " renovated," that the visitor can
scarceh' believe himself in an "old clothes"
mart. It has been a very successful specula-
tion, and the poor man can here procure a
very respectable outfit for a very small out-
lay. These dealers are constantly on the
lookout lor the contents of rubbish rooms, old
clothes, and all the odds and ends that accu-
mulate in an easy living household. The
space occupied b}- this structure is two entire
blocks, the streets passing through it being
roofed over with iron, glass and zinc. It is a
very elegant structure, built like the Grand
Central Market, entirely of iron. The roof is
about fort}- feet high, with a greater elevation
in the centre, where there is an immense open
gallery, reached by two flights of iron stairs.
Seeing that there was a crowd of people up
there, we ascended, and found a doorkeeper,
who required one sou admission. This proved
to be a place for the sale of old clothes too
far gone for renovation, and the articles were
piled up in lines along the floor, through
which the purchasers, to the number of pro-
bably a thousand, were circulating. Both
buyer and seller pay one sou admission,
which defraj-s the expense of this branch of
the establishment. Musty-looking old shoes
by the cart load were here, shocking old hats,
and all manner of women's apparel. They
were doing an extensive business, however,
and during our ramble we were frequently
invited to purchase some threadbare garment,
from which it may be judged how shabby the
European traveller gets in his outward ap-
pearance by the time he reaches Paris. The
goods displaj-ed in the two thousand four hun-
dred stalls below looked as bright as new, al-
most, as the display in the windows on the
boulevards, though many of them were slight-
ly out of fashion.
♦-♦
" Be assured, that the more you seek God,
the more your faults will insensibly be cor-
rected."
92
THE FRIEND.
Selected.
O Friends, be ye all watchful, and take
heed lest any of the testimonies of Truth be
laid waste ; for that which leads thee to be
weary of bearing witness to the truth, and to
lay it waste, the same will laj- thee waste, and
bring thee into such a state as thou wilt
want the Truth to bear witness for thee.
Therefore, let all lukewarm ones, who are
neither hot nor cold, be awakened; and all
that have gone backward, be warned to return
to their first love ; else the Lord will come
against them, and the day hastens that will
divide such their portion among hypocrites,
except they repent. — Stephen Crisp.
Lapland.
The sight of the camp was barren enough,
a i'ew stunted birch trees being the represen-
tatives of vegetable life, unless one includes
the few patches of bla-bar and the scraps of
moss which had been trodden as nearly as
possible to the condition of the meagre soil
which afforded them their existence.
This scene of desolation and unmitigated
dampness was the actual home of the Lap
lander, and now were we to make acquaint-
ance with a family of these qauint and inter-
esting peoj)le. They are true Mongolians, we
are told, and much of the poetical is often
connected with their names. The Arabs of
the north, the dwellers in tents, the proud
and ingenious people who are vainglorious of
their isolated life and contented with their
peacefulness, who have never known war with
their neighbors nor feuds among themselves,
and who so rejoice in the natural beauties of
the country they inhabit that itseems to them
the fairest the world can boast.
Surely this is a people with whom it is well
to make acquaintance.
The vagvimre lifts the tlap which serves as
an entrance to the tent, and announces our
arrival to the family within. It is an ordi-
nary kata, perhaps eight feet in diameter,
with a fire in its centre, above which is a hole
in the roof, to serve as a means of exit for the
smoke. We conjecture that such a tent might
accommodate two, three, perhaps four per-
sons, and we wait to see how many shall
emerge.
One comes forth, a man, dressed in a gar-
ment of skin, brown and rusty, with a tall
cap, also brown and rusty, which has a long
projecting peak. Spangles of brass and other
barbarous ornaments adorn his person, and a
knife hangs at his side. His face is tanned to
the color of his dress of skins ; his expression
is one of low cunning and arrant knavery, and
his bleared eyes, that are watering from the
smoky atmosphere in which he has been sit-
ting, lend to his hang-dog face an appearance
of dissipation that is melanchol}- to see. Is
there anything of poetrj' about the creature?
Poetry! there is nothing but dirt.
But he is followed bj' another animal of the
same type — an old woman, who grins, and
smirks, and chatters ; an undesirable, filthy
old hag. Then follow a young woman,
another woman, a third woman, two more
men ; and there are still an old man and two
women in the tent. We have been deceived'
by the chroniclers of Lappish traditions, if
these are fair specimens of the people. They i
are a low and filth}' herd, who are not inodor-l
ous. Dirt is the onlj' thing remarkable about
them, and that one sees to perfection. Their'
clothes are plastered with dirt, their faces are
smeared with dirt, their hands are caked with
dirt; they are the princes of dirt, the very
personification of dirt.
The reindeer, among which we find our-
selves, are good specimens of the animal.
Some of the number are fine, handsome beasts,
with tall, branching antlers that reach above
one's head ; but mostly they are not so large,
their size hardly exceeding that of a young
calf Many are a dun brown, shading off to
white under the belly and round the head
but the greater proportion are of a peculiar
mouse color, relieved in the same manner with
white. The hair is long and thick, in such
dense masses on the creature's sides as to be
of surprising softness. They certainly require
a warm covering, for in the extreme of winter
it frequently occurs that they must endure a
coldness of temperature which, measured on
the scale of Fahrenheit, would be represented
by perhaps 80 degrees of frost. Such cold is
of the most intense severity, but it is often
reached in Swedish Lapland ; it is, in fact, far
colder than on the north coast of Norwa}',
where the sea is never frozen up; colder than
the verj' extreme north, where the arctic ex-
peditions have wintered. The lowest tem-
perature recorded in the meteorological regis-
ter attached to Dr. Sutherland's account of
the expedition under Mr. Penny, dispatched
by the Admiralty in 1850 to search for traces
of Sir John Franklin, is only 41 degrees below
zero, or 73 degrees of frost. This was attain-
ed on the 24th of February, 1851.
The hair of the reindeer seems to be but
indifferently fastened to the skin, and is per-
petually falling off. The animal is, in fact, in
a chronic state of moult, although not, of
course, to such an extent for it to be apparent
beyond the mere signs of loose hair on the
ground.
Our old friend who had taken us under her
charge, was an important personage in the
milking inclosure, her duty consisting in las-
soing the deer and tying them up ready for
milking. The process of catching the ani-
mals is very prettj". The weary old woman
prepares the rope in her black and shrivelled
hands, casts a glance round the herd before
singling out her victim ; then, with a dexter-
ous throw which seldom misses its aim, she
flings the noose round the animal's horns, and
hauling in the slack, has the reindeer a most
secure prisoner. She then knots the rope
about the animal's nose and ties it firmly to a
tree ; after which she directs her attention to
another member of the herd.
When an animal is secured, one of the other
Lapps, either man or woman, canying a dirty
little bowl having a long handle, approaches
the captive and commences the operation of
milking, which, accompanied by many re-
sounaing slaps on the deer's udder, is a pro-
cess of sufficient nastiness to provoke a senti-
ment much resembling disgust.
Each animal yields about half a pint of
milk; arieh unctuous liquid, thick and creamy.
We tasted the produce of this herd — with
what amount of relish I will not say, since
we had seen the warm fluid trickling over
the grim}' hands of the Lapps. 1 sipped for
the sake of being able to say that I knew the
flavor of reindeer milk ; but I was sincerely
glad to forget the taste by cramming my
mouth full of berries of a less nauseous char-
acter than the lacteal compound. — London
Society.
Original, li
JESSIE'S VISION. I
She sat on the .steps the summer night, '
And watched the clouds in the fair moonlight,
Watched, as a vision rose to her sight.
A vision rare of a great white throne,
And a luminous glory 'round it shone,
Clearer than golden topaz stone.
One there was on that holy seat,
One with a royal presence sweet,
With the world and its clouds beneath His feet.
Around Him gathered an angel band,
Souls of the blest from the heavenly land,
Radiant and joyous, with beckoning hand :
Beckoning hand to the wondering child,
'Till her soul of its awe was half beguiled,
And the love in her heart looked out and smiled,
" Mother," she said, as she sought her side :
" I have seen the Lord who was crucified,
I have seen the throne, naught else beside.
I have seen the angels beckon to me,
And the light so pure and heavenly,
Mother, that sight was fair to see."
Little the mother's tender heart
Thought with her daughter dear to part,
Little she dreamed of the coming dart.
One short week — and the child had gone
To swell the ranks of the angel throng
Sbe saw in her vision, the clouds among.
Chester Co., 10th mo. 27th. ]
Selected.
THY WAY IS BEST.
"Father, not my will, but Thine be done."
Thy way, O Lord ! Thy way — not mine 1
Although opprest.
For smoother, sunnier paths I pine,
Thy way is best.
Though crossing thirsty deserts drear,
Or mountain's crest;
Although I faint with toil and fear.
Thy way is best.
Though not one open door befriend
The passing guest;
Though night its darkest terror lend,
Thy way is best.
So seeming wild without a plan,
Now east, now west,
Joys born and slain, hopes blighted, can
Thy way be best?
My soul by grief seems not to be
More pure and blest;
Alas! I cannot, cannot see
Thy way is best.
I cannot see — on every hand
By anguish prest,
In vain I try to understand
Thy way is best.
But I believe — Thy life and death,
Thy love attest,
And every promise clearly saitli,
" Thy way is best."
I cannot see, but I believe ;
If heavenly rest
Is reached by roads where most I grieve,
Tliy way is best.
Newman Sail.
A Fireless Engine. — The last and most re
markable invention in engines, or locomotiv*'
power, was tested some daj'S since in Chicago
which astonished a large number of our citi-
zens, who witnessed the modus operandi ol
its workings. D. Myers has for years beei
studying over the problem how to dispensf
with horses in the propelling of street ears
He expended time and money in inventing
and modeling a pneumatic engine, that shoulc
run with compressed air as a motive power ^^
THE FRIEND.
93
:iut, though at one time thought to be aj In the address of its President, at the recent
luccess, the invention failed to satisfy the j meeting of the British Scientific Association,
lailroad men, and was set aside as too unre- there is the following paragraph: "There is
'iahlo to bo made useful. D. flyers did not an urgent need of accurate scientific know-
espair. His inventive genius did not desert ledge for the direction of manufacturing pro-
lim, and his determination to succeed never icesses, and there could not be a greater mis-
agged. Air having proved a failure, he next take than to sup]iose that such knowledge
esorted to steam, "and made an attempt to 'need not go beyond the elementary truths of
vereome the objections made to its use in th
treets. Ilis success has been com]ilete, and
; may be but a short time when horses in
•ont of a street car will be a thing of the past.
'he great objection to steam dummies has
een the danger and annoyance of falling cin-
ers from the smokestack. The invention of
). Jlyers entirely removes this objection, for
►hero will be no fire, and consequent!}- no
(inders connected with his dummy. The pro-
;,3ss is ingenious, yet simple. He charges a
toiler with steam enough to last for a trip of
i;n or fifteen miles, and sends it on its jour-
:ey without a spark of fire. The invention
['as tested on the track between Hyde Park
Nation and Thirtj-'Uinth Street — a distance
it' three miles — in presence of numerous spec-
itors. At the southern terminus of the track
I a large stationary boiler, from which the
ammies are supplied with steam bj- means of
three-inch pipe extending from one to the
ther. The dummy boiler is two thirds filled
.ith water, when the steam is turned on.
he gauge on Saturday indicated 170 pounds.
lie round trip (six miles) was made in twentj-
tinutes, and there were 57 pounds of steam
ft. It was pronounced an unqualified suc-
iss. A stock company for putting in use the
:'W machine has been organized with a capi-
;l of .$500,000. J. E. Young of the Chicago,
anvilleand Vincennes road being President.
large number of capitalists have become
tcrested in the invention, and much of the
ock has already been taken. Mr. Mj-ers
Teis to run the Hyde Park dummy cars of
le South Side company at two-thirds of the
resent cost, making five trips an hour, in-
ead of one as at present. — Late Paper.
science. In every branch of manufacture im-
provements are made from time to lime, by
the introduction of new or modified processes,
which had been discovered by means of in-
vestigations as arduous as those conducted for
purelj- scientific purposes, and involving as
great powers and accomplishments on the
part of those who conducted them. Any
manufacturer of the present daj- who does
not make efticient arrangements for graduall}'
perfecting and improving his processes, ought
to make at once enough money to retire ; for
so many are moving onwards in this and
other countries that he would soon be left be-
hind."
The production of steel through the inven-
tions ot Bessemer and others, has largeh" in-
creased of modern times. In Great Britain,
in 1S52, the total annual produce of steel was
50,000 tons. Now more than 500,000 tons
are made by the Bessemer process alone, in
addition to very large amounts by other
methods.
It is a popular opinion that sun-light has a
tendency to extinguish household fires. A
recent writer suggests that this may be true,
and may be owing to some hitherto undis-
covered energy of solar light. He refers to
the remarkable power of light in awakening
from sleep, even when loud noises seem to
have little effect; and thinks that the animal
and vegetable worlds awake to life and work
mainly in consequence of some such power of
light. After plants have utilized the light, it
is not useable again for the same purpose.
Take two screens of dark paper with holes in
them, say of half an inch in diameter — cover
one hole with letter paper and the other with
a green leaf — put pieces of photographic paper
behind them, and expose to sun light. Be-
neath the letter paper will be found a dark
spot on the photographic paper, but beneath
the leaf there will be no discoloration. The
leaf will have made use of the light so that its
chemical energy is gone, and the letter paper
will not have used it.
In a recent article on railwaj- speed in The
For "The Friend."
Sfientiflc Notes.
The stock-holders in rail-way and omnibus
)mpanies, have long suffered from the dis-
mosty of some of the conductors emploj-ed,
ho put into their own pockets a portion of
le fares received. Several expedients have
'en adopted to remove or diminish this evil
-one of the latest is an apparatus invented iTJ/jr/Z/ietT, the highest rate habitually attained
England, and designed to be attached to is said to be on the Great Western Railroad,
rear end of omnibus and street passenger
il-waycars — by which every individual must
iter and leave the car by passing through a
rustile. Every time a person jjasses, the
volution of the turnstile pierces a hole in a
r,p of paper connected with some machinery
of England, some of whose trains make 50
miles an hour. At different times, rates as high
as 70 miles an hour have been reached, un-
der peculiarlj- favorable circumstances. The
power consumed, the risk of accident, and the
cost of running increase very rapidly as the
closed under lock and key. At the end of [speed increases, and arguing from these prem-
e trip, the box is unlocked, the number of.ises, the writer concludes that a rate of 100
)les counted and fresh paper introduced. miles an hour is practicably unattainable.
An English inventor has recently patented j The efforts of the Great Eastern to repair
fire-proof paper and ink. Vegetable fibre, [the broken 1865 Atlantic Cable have proved
eh as commonly used in paper-making, is unsuccessful. She picked up a portion of the
epared in the usual manner by grinding into old cable of 1858, from a depth of 1800 fathoms,
lip, and mixed with double its weight of which is of interest to electrical engineers on
bestos, and a small portion of borax and account of its condition, and to scientific men
am. The asbestos is a fibrous stone, usually 'generally from the evidence it presents of 87 to 88 ; and fourteen foot poles, SIO per 100.
and in serpentine beds or other rocks of aggressive animal life at that depth. I As we proved a few months since, in the
iDeous origin, and easily worked into a fine| A society, numbering nearly 100 members,! work of the Oriental Topographical Corps in
/•)re which feels soft and silky. It is very has been formed at Hamburg to re-introduce Egypt and Spain, a considerable number of
tie affected by heat. The base of the ink is, the ancient practice of burning instead of reliable persons can be pledged, as a matter
umbago or black lead. I burying. Each member on entering makes' of public good, to plant 1,000 tree-seeds a year.
.1 will in which ho orders that his remains
shall be burnt.
The Abbe Plessis in ex]icrimenting on the
muscular power of insects, adjusted a light
box to a large horned beetle, and gradually
added weights till the whole amounted to 2J^
pounds. The beetle was standing on a smooth
plank, and in spite of the load being315 times
its own weight, it moved steadily along.
II. Kanke describes a case of s])ontaneous
combustion in a stack of hay not thoroughly
dry. The stack was 28 feet" long and 23 feet
high, and 16 feet thick. It leaned on two
sides against solid masonry. On removing
five feet from the top one or two s])arks made
their appearance. Water was poured on, but
the exposed hay gave smoke and sparks at
various points, and presently burst into fiame.
Forestry.
George May Powell read the following
paper, which was addressed to the club:
In response to your kind letter inviting mo
to prepare a paper on the subject of Forestry,
please allow me respectfully to submit the
ibllowing suggestions:
As Professor Hough so aptly said in his re-
cent address on the subject at Portland : " We
must make the people themselves familiar
with the f:\cts and necessities of the case."
Among these "facts and necessities" are:
First, the frequent losses of millions of dollars
to the manufacturing interests of the country
in a single season from depletion of hj'draulic
power in the mill streams made scantj' by
droughts. Second, The sweeping of vast val-
ues in dams, dykes, fences, &c., to destruction
by freshets. Third. A still greater damage
to the agricultural interests from droughts.
Fourth. The unhealthful influence of these
droughts, and of the absence of the conserva-
tive influence of foliage. Fifth. Deterioration
of soils not easily conijnited. Sixth. Waste of
wealth of material for fuel and for manufac-
turing purposes. Seventh, and not least the
marring of the beauty of our Fatherland by
the ruthlessness and ignorance with which the
beautiful robes of forest green have been and
are being, stripped from the hills and vallej'S.
Eighth. Loss of opportunity in the years that
pass to repair and prevent these evils, from
not understanding their existence and remedy.
On the other hand, it will pay, as proved
by experience, in raising "second growth"
timber in New England, sixteen per cent, on
capital invested, to plant trees for such pur-
poses as for cabinet and especiallj' carriage
makers' use; and more still if material were
as closely worked up for charcoal, faggots,
&c., as science abroad works up what is term-
ed refuse here. Second. By examining the
prices of hoop-poles, and also the space nurse-
rymen occupy to grow a given number of
young trees, it will be seen that an acre
planted to oak and hickory may in five years
be yielding, with good management, from S20
to 850 a year for several years thereafter, and
still leave abundance of trees for permanent
growth. This is made more plain by the
statement that the New York prices for hoop-
poles are as follows : For eight foot poles, $2
to §4 per 100; ten foot, 84 to 85 ; twelve foot,
94
THE FRIEND.
A little system in effort would soon establish
the custom of planting seeds of trees along
the highways, division fences, and other waste
places. This alone might soon add many rail-
lions of dollars to the aggregate value of pro-
perty in almost any state in the Union. The
time and labor of planting one small tree will
plant dozens of seeds. The seeds of the maple,
elm, ash and several others of the most val-
uable trees are so small that scores of them
may be carried in the vest pocket to plant at
convenience.
It is important to give the people, through
the press, some of the simplest waj-s of collect-
ing, keeping and planting tree seeds. There
are, perhaps, points to be developed also which
have not occurred to even European foresters.
1 have noticed, for example, iu maple-sugar
orchards, there is often a tree or two iu each
which is called the "sweet tree," because there
is more sugar in a given quantity of sap from
one of them than from the same quantity from
one of the other trees. I believe science will
yet show how to make all the trees of an
orchard as rich, or richer than these in sac-
charine matter. If so, any one of the maple
sugar producing States has a large annual
increase of cash receipts to secure from this
source — an item worth considering by a na-
tion sending tons of gold abroad annually for
near 500,000 tons of sugar forborne consump
tion. The stumps of most of the hardwood
trees could be made worth more than any
other part of the tree, by working them up
into the finer kinds of furniture requiring
variety of color and of curl of fibre in the
wood. Now they are a nuisance. The oak
stumps now used to make plank for heav}'
farm sled-runners illustrate this. Such tim-
ber would make the finest veneers, and it can
be saved by grubbing down the trees. The
labor of felling bj' grubbing down, would be
far less than digging out the stumps after fel-
ling in the usual way. The tree in the wind
would be the lever to bring it down after less
work in digging and cutting the surface roots
than would be needed to dig up the stump if
the tree were cut by the common method.
The argument that tree planting does not
pay, because only a coming generation can
reap the benefits is false as well as selfish
and unpatriotic. A piece of ground on which
the seed has been planted only long enough
for the little sprouts to be above ground has,
then, an increase in value many times the cost
of putting in the seed. Bach year of growth
of those young trees thereafter, is also many
times the value of putting in the seed. Many
a landholder is growing "land poor" with idle
land which would make him rich at a trifling
expense of putting forest tree seed on it.
This Club is strong in proportion as it
proves itself useful. Perhaps it seldom finds
a richer field of usefulness than, first, bring-
ing together what has been done in this
country by way of advancing in forestry.
Second, in getting full information on what
has been done in countries where thej- have
had more centuries than we have had j-eara
of experience. Third, as "what is every-
body's business is nobody's business," it may
be wise to appoint a committee to at least
begin to gather this information.
Geo. May Powell.
The meeting then adjourned.
The Bats of Paris. — According to an arti-
cle in a late number of the Catholic Magazine,
the large and ferocious rats which abound in
the sewers of Paris, and infest some quarters
of the city, did not make their appearance
there until the year 1727. Previous to that
time a brown rat of smaller size had held
possession for several centuries at least ; but
it soon disappeared after the arrival of the
'' surmulots," as the present rats are named.
They came from Asia, and the following ac-
count is given of their emigration from that
quarter of the world.
In the j-ear 1725, there were terrible earth-
quakes in the countries on the borders of the
Caspian Sea, and soon after a general move-
ment of these animals commenced. " They
advanced in immense battalions, and their
arrival in Askalon in the autumn of 1727 was
remarkable. Nothing stopped them, not even
rivers, for they are good swimmei's. The}'
either passed the Volga, or took possession
in legions of the vessels which they found
there. Others pushed on in an opposite direc-
tion. A whole army moved simultaneously
towards Siberia, and having entered the little
town of Juikh, mastered it, and a quarter of
the town was given up by the conquered to
the conquerors.
The vessels lying in the Russian ports, on
board which the surmulots had taken free
passage, returned to France, and the hungry
rats were the first to disembark.
Twenty years later the surmulots were
masters. The black rat cannot make head
against this intruder, stronger than he is, bet-
ter armed with teeth, and far more prolific.
The black rat has been driven from Eng-
land by the grey rat, to which the name of
Hanover rat has been given, on account of
the time of his appearance in that country,
and he is now master of the situation."
THE FRIEND.
ELEVENTH MONTH 8, 1873.
" Fly from being applauded, and give no
quarters to the love of admiration."
In addition to the account given in a former
number, of the proceedings of Ohio Yearly
Meeting, we take the following extracts from
the printed minutes just received.
At Ohio Yearly Meeting of Friends, held at
Mount Pleasant, by adjournments from the
29th of the 9th month to the 2d of the Wth in-
clusive, 1873.
Reports have been received from all the
Quarterly Meetings, their Representatives
The Clerk of the Select Meeting produced
a minute issued by Greenwich Monthly Meet-
ing of Friends, held the 1st of 8th month last,
endorsed by Salem Quarterly Meeting, New
Jersey, the 14th of same month, setting our
beloved friend Clarkson Shcppard, a minister,
at libertj' to attend this meeting and some of
the subordinate meetings ; and one for our be-
loved friend Isaac Morgan, a minister, from
Kennet Monthly Meeting of Friends, Penn-
sylvania, dated the 2d of the present month,
setting him at liberty to attend this meeting
and a few of the subordinate meetings. Also,
one from a Monthlj' Meeting of Friends of
Philadelphia, held the 2Sth of last month, for
our beloved friend Joseph Scattergood, an
older, setting him at liberty as a companion
to Clarkson Sheppard in his present religious
engagement. All of whom are acceptably i
attendance.
* * * * * *
Third of the iveek and thirtieth of the mont,
— Elwood Dean, on behalf of the Represent:
fives, reported that they had conferred ti
gether, and were united in proposing thf I
Wilson Hall serve this meeting as Clerk, an
that Joseph Branson be Assistant, which w;
united with, and they appointed to the se;
vice. * # * *
The consideration of the state of Societ
was entered upon by reading the Queries an
Answers from the Quarterly Meetings, pi'(
coeding as far as the Annual Queries, the fo
lowing being a summary thereof:
Ans. \st. All our meetings for worship an
discipline have been attended, and genorull
by the most of our members, though nearl
all the Quarters acknowledge a remissness i
this religious duty in some members, espec
ally in the middle of the week. Unbecomin
behavior therein generally avoided, excej
sleeping or drowsiness in some, and a few case
of lightness reported in one of the answer
Care in the reported deficiencies has bee
taken in two of the Quarters. The hour c .
meeting pretty well observed.
Ans. 2d. Most Friends maintain love toward
each other in a good degree, as becomes ou
christian profession. Tale-bearing and detra(
tion discouraged by most Friends, but not 8
generally as would be best. Where diiference
arise, care is taken to end them.
Ans. 3d. Most Friends endeavor, by exan
pie and precept, to educate their children, an
those under their care, in plainness of speed
deportment and apparel, to guard them agains
reading pernicious books and from the eoi
rupt conversation of the world, and they ar
encouraged to read the Holy Scriptures. Bi
several of the Quarters acknowledge the nee
of greater faithfulness on the part of some ii
maintaining these christian testimonies.
Ans. 4th. Friends appear to be clear c
importing, vending and distilling spirituou
liquors, and nearly clear of the unnecessar
use thereof. Clear of frequenting taverni
but not altogether clear of attending places (
diversion. Moderation and temperance in
good degree observed.
Ans. bth. The necessities of the poor, an
the circumstances of those who appear likel
to require aid, have been inspected and reli(
afl'orded, and some care has been taken t
promote the school education of their childrei
Ans. nth. As far as appears, Friends mail
tain a faithful testimony against a hirelin,
ministry, oaths, military services, clandestin
trade, prize goods and lotteries, except the 0(
casional attendance of some of our membei
at places where a hireling ministry is saj
ported. Wherein one of the Quarters report
the extension of care.
Ans. 7th. Friends appear careful to liv
within the bounds of their circumstances, ani
to avoid involving themselves in business be
3'ond their abilitj' to manage, generally juB
in their dealings, and mostly punctual in core
plying with their engagements ; and whe)
any have given reasonable ground for fear i:
these respects, care has been extended t
them. |j
Ans. 8th. A good degree of care is taken t|
deal with offenders seasonably and impartially
and to endeavor to evince to those who wil
not be reclaimed, the spirit of meekness aui
love before judgment is placed upon them. ,.
THE FRIEND.
95
The committee having charge of our Board-
g School, made the following report, which
as read and satisfaction expressed therewith.
he proposition therein contained was united
ith and adopted.
REPORT.
rem the minutes of the Acting Committee,
it appears the amount charged for board
and tuition for session ending od month
12th, 1873, for an average of about 58}
pupils, was .... §3,228 4U
icome from other sources, . . 1,423 1.5
' Making, .... 4,G51 55
itpenditures §4,515 35
ilance in favor of school for session, 136 2J)
nount charged for board and
tuition for session ending 8th
month 20th, 1873, for an average
of about 16i scholars, . . 8714 15
come from other sources, . . 1,469 14
Making .... 2,183 29
tpenditures, .... 2,142 40
owing a balance in favor of the
Institution for session of . . 40 89
)d balance for the 3-ear of . . 177 18
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
We wish to caution our friends against in-
ducing scholars into the School whose
aracter and conduct are known to bo in-
isistent with our religious profession, as the
Inence of such has an injurious and hurtful
dency on the school. If Friends are care-
in this respect, and in every other way,
leavor to promote the original design of
school, thus strengthening and encourag-
the acting committee and officers in the
charge of their respective duties, we believe
lessing will continue to rest upon their
ors.
Signed on behalf of the committee.
)ur Book Committee, appointed last year,
do the following report, which was satis-
tory to the meeting, and the proposition
add §150 to the balance in the hands of the
imittee, was approved. The committee
again entrusted with the care of the con-
D, and desired to continue their labors as
etofore, and report to this meeting next
,r. They are directed to call on the Trea-
er for the amount named :
REPORT.
ye, the committee appointed to have the
B of purchasing and distributing the ap-
Ted writings of Friends, report, that we
e purchased at Friends' Book Store, in
ladelphia, 727 volumes of Friends' books
M. 150 pamphlets, at a cost of 8393.00. The
a; ater portion of which have been disposed
Jlto members and others, by sale and gra-
.1 ous distribution. It has been difficult to
'I .in as definite information from the com-
nitee in the different branches of the Yearly
M ting as would be desirable in regard to the
liiosition of books and the number still in
'^i r hands, but a considerable number in
'0 e of the meetings are not j'et disposed of.
*****
alance in the hands of the committee,
Si J. 25.
1 addition to the above, there has been a
reivestment of about §100 to supply a de-
tnud for books ordered, mostly in Iowa. We
bte also received, through the liberality of a
Fi nd, 55 copies of the Biographical Sketches,
Sill 15 copies of John Barclay's Letters, for
gratuitous distribution among Friends, espe-
cially in Iowa.
Theeommittee in charge of this interesting
concern are encouraged to believe that some
interest has been awakened amongst Friends
and some others not of our Society, in becom-
ing more acquainted with our religious prin-
ciples; and wo believe there is still o])en a
large tield for useful labor in this waj- within
the limits of this Yearlj- Meeting.
The committee appointed to attend to the
proper laying down of Springfield (^uarterlj-
Meeting, report they attended to the appoint-
ment.
******
From the reports received from the Quar-
ters, it appears there are within our limits
850 children of a suitable age to attend school;
302 of whom have attended Friends' schools
exclusively ; 390 have attended District schools
only; 35 have attended both Friends' and
District Schools ; 30 family and subscription
schools, taught by members but not under the
care of meetings ; 20 District or other schools
not under the care of meetings ; 67 are re-
ported as not going to school the past year,
but mostly receiving instruction at home.
There have been 19 schools taught under
the care of meetings, including two family
schools, ranging in time from two to six
months each.
We again recommend this interestintr con-
cern to the care of subordinate meetings, with
desires that F'riends everywhere may become
more alive to the guarded and religious edu-
cation of our j'outh, withdrawing their sup-
port from the district schools, and putting
shoulder to shoulder, in establishing and sup-
porting more schools under the care of Pre-
parative and Monthly Meetings. Quarterly
Meetings are directed to produce explicit re-
ports, as heretofore, to this meeting next year.
The many deficiencies manifested by the re-
ports from the various branches of the Yearly
Meeting have humblingly reminded us of our
many shortcomings and weaknesses, which
we desire may afresh incite us to increased
faithfulness in the support of the various
christian testimonies handed down from our
forefathers for us to uphold and maintain be-
fore the world.
The remissness apparent in the attendance of
meetings for divine worship, has raised in our
hearts renewed desires for increased faithful-
ness therein, remembering the language of the
Apostle, '-I beseech you, therefore, brethren,
by the mercies of God, that ye present your
bodies a living sacrifice, holy, acceptable, unto
God, which is your reasonable service." Per-
suaded we are that if we are concerned to
obc}' the Saviour's injunction, " Seek first the
kingdom of God and the righteousness there-
of," we will not allow our temporal business
to deter us from assembling with our brethren
for the performance of the solemn duty of
divine worship; remembering that from Him
all our blessings flow, both spiritual and tem-
poral, that He can bless the little, and blast
the much, and that He has graciousi}'- pro-
mised '■ where two or three are gathered to-
gether in my name, there am I in the midst
of them." This promise will be verified by
those who are thus concerned to assemble,
and in ileep, reverent silence to wait for the
arising of the divine life ; we shall then be pre-
served from drowsiness or sleeping, also from
wanderingthoughts, and experience a renewal
of our s])iritual strength.
The meeting was dipped into exercise and
deej) travail on account of the flciod of printed
matter issued from the jiublic jjrcss, most of
which is of such a chai-atterthat Friends can-
not consistently read ur allow to be jilaced in
the hands of their children. All fictitious
reading was impressively- alluded to, and the
poisonous effects on the morals of those in-
dulging in such reading clearly set forth. It
not only poisons, but intoxicates the mind,
thus rendering substantial reading distasteful,
and disqualifies from receiving any benefit
therefrom. Newspa])er reading was also
brought to view and discouraged, lielieving
that a largo proportion of them contain mat-
ter calculated to lead tiio mind astray. Wo
desire that parents, and all concerned Friends,
may redouble their diligence and care in dis-
couraging the introduction of all improper
reading into their families, and labor for a
qualification to interest their dear children in
the writings of our early Friends, and especi-
ally in the frequent perusal of the lIol3' Scrip-
tures. The attendance at fairs, shows, and
all other places of diversion, was also alluded
to and discouraged as being prejudicial to a
growth in the truth.
Under an humbling sense of our unworthi-
ness, and the unmerited goodness and mercy
of Israel's unslumbering Shepherd, in still
watching over us for good, we desire the en-
couragement of all to increased diligence in
the discharge of all our religious duties, fully
believing that if this is the case, lie will con-
tinue to be with us at times, not only when
our hands are engaged in the necessarj- cares
of life, but we will also feel while in our as-
semblies, a sense of his solemnizing presence,
which has been manifest during tlie various
sittings of this our annual assembly, to the
humbling of many minds.
This meeting having brought its business
to a close, now solemnly' concludes, to meet
again at the usual time and place next year,
if permitted so to do.
Wilson II all, Clerk.
We have received a copy of" The Methodist
Home Journal" of the 4th ult., containing
some account of the (Binns) Y'early Meeting,
in Ohio, held in the 9th month, signed by
Ijizzie M. Boyd, who is herself a Methodist,
but appears to have been in attendance at the
meetin<r. We believe all are admitted who
wish to 1)6 present.
The language used in portraying the exer-
cises of the meetings is entirelj' Methodistic,
sometimes approaching iri'overence, for which
the members of the meeting are not respon-
sible. There are two or three statements of
what we doubt not are facts which wo exti'aet,
as showing how nearly these '• modified Quak-
ers" have approached the Methodists in raanj-
of their principles and practices. Philadel-
phia Y'early Meeting has no connection with
this body, but it is in full unity with other
Y'early Meetings, and in the accounts pub-
lished of its proceedings, is spoken of as highly
favored.
"At night, the meeting was held in the in-
terest of holiness ; clear, definite work. All
with bodies prostrate in the dust ; souls bowed
in deep humility, suppliants at the cross, tar-
ried for about an hour, while a multitude of
brief petitions ascended from burning hearts,
96
THE FRIEND.
bringing down the overshadowing glory of
the Lord. Definite testimonies of entire sunc-
tification; many seeking. Ail could not speak.
Those enjoying 'perfect love' were requested
to stand up; a multitude arose — just like a
Methodist meeting. A large number exprtss-
ed their desire for this great salvation, by
rising. The fire burned.
"Sixth day. — The burden of talk and prayer
was consecration ; probing, searching, trying,
refining. For four unbroken hours the Spirit
brooded over the assembly, in its great mis-
sion of bringing light and peace. Many of
the clearest, most remarkable experiences we
have ever heard. The Holy Ghost fell upon
the people, leading to difi:erent outward mani-
festations— some weeping, some praising,
others silent under the overpowering glory.
One j'oung lady received such a baptism that
she fell as a leaden weight to the floor. A
few thought she had fainted, and carried her
out of the house; some discovered it was the
power of the Lord upon her. Marvellous were
the unfoldings of God while she lay in that
state. It was the ■ baptism of fire.'
"The night, as usual, was given to expe-
rience; in fact, every meeting ran into testi-
monj'. While they mused, the fire burned,
and they couldn't help but tell it. The gush-
ing fountain of living w.ater within would flow
outward. The doxology was sung at the close
of the meeting. Those who would have op-
posed it with all other progressive movements,
vpere so vastly in the minority that they were
forced to silence ; lost in the shadowy distance
of old conservatism. The car of salvation
swept right by them, and left them to creep
in, some day in the future to catch up.
"In the first meeting for the promotion of
holiness, there was a spirit of controversy
manifested on the part of a few ; but it was
soon shown them, as Bro. Inskip saj-s, that
' things were all to be one waj',' and one waj'
it was after that. And so they sung on, and
knelt in prayer, and got fully saved; and
talked experience, and preached holiness, and
the Lord had his own way gloriously.
"Seventh day. — This evening was the last
niffht service to be held. It was devoted to
o
those whose voices had not been heard as yet.
As we stopped at the door of the meeting-
house, our eyes were greeted with the beauti-
ful sight we had witnessed aijfain and again,
a whole audience kneeling in praj'er. An
audience of (Quakers all on bended knee before
the throne! The wonder of this can 011I3' be
understood by those who know the former
prejudice of this Society to any one kneeling
except the one leading in prayer. After a
large number had otT.-red up brief petitions of
present need, they all arose, and probably
over a hundred testimonies were given of the
power of the blood, interspersed with singing.
Several standing, waiting their opportunity
to speak, reminding one of our national camp-
meetings, when the tide runs high."
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
FoREiON. — The sliipments of guld from EngLand to
the United .States continue. Tlie Liank of England lias
advanced its rate of discount to 8 per cent.
It is reported that the marriage of the Duke of Edin-
bnrg to the Princess Maria, of Russia, will he solem-
nized according to the forms cjf the Church of England,
and that the Dean of C'anterhury will go to Rus,sia for
that purpose.
Sir Menry Holland, the celebrated physician, travel-
ler and author, died on the 29lh nil., aged 80 years.
The Times reports on good authority that General
Wolesley, commander of the Ashantee expedition, took
out instructions to offer the Ashantees peace on condi-
tion that they lay down their arm.s and withdraw from
the territory under British protection.
The British government has decided, after next year,
to extend no pecuniary support to consular chaplain-
cies. These offices date from the time of Charles I., and
cost the government £9000 a year. 1
On the '29th ult. so dense a fog covered London that
locomotion was almost suspended. Numerous accidents ,
occurred during the darkne.ss. |
A meeting of the National Laborers Union has been
held, in which it was stated that the general .agent of
New Zealand would give free jjassage to all laborers
who wished to emigrate to that colony, and that there
was room there for twenty thousand families.
London, 11th mo. 3d. — Consols, 92i. U. S. sixes,
IStiT, 96; new five per cents, 90§.
Liverpool. — Uplands cotton, 8|rf. a Sjd. ; Orleans,
9Jrf. Breadstuffs quiet.
The schemes of the French Monarchists for pjlacing
the Count de Chambord on the throne, have been frus-
trated by the unyielding obstinacy of the Count, who
insisted upon restoring the white Hag of tlie Bourbons,
and occupying the throne as a right in virtue of his de-
scent from Charles X. lie insists that he alone is the
pilot, and capable of guiding p^ ranee into port, because
he has the mission of authority. The avowal of these
opinions deprives him of the support of the more
liberal monarchists, and it is believed there will be no
attempt to proclaim a monarchy at present.
It is expected the Assembly will vote for a prolonga-
tion of the powers of President MacMahon, and that a
series of strongly conservative measures will be intro-
duced.
A dispatch has been received in Madrid announcing
a decisive defeat of the Carlists by the national troops.
The Spanish Minister of the Colonies has sailed from
Cadiz for Cuba and Porto Rico.
The government troops besieging Cartagena have
been reinforced by five thou.sand men.
The law for the reorganization of the Italian army
has been published. The strength of the army when
on a peace footing is fi.xed at 214,000 men. Some of
the Jesuits whose establishment in Rome was recently
closed, have left that city for the United Slates.
Prince Bismarck has been reappointed President of
the Prussian Ministry in place of tien. Von Roon. It
is understood that his restoration carries with it the
effective control of the whole Cabinet, which he de-
manded previous to his resignation some time ago.
The total amount investeil by the German govern-
ment in United States funded loan is $18,000,000, of
which 88,000,000 were negotiated during the present
month
Advices from all parts of the provinceof Bengal show
that the crops are failing and the impending famine
cannot be avoided.
The Chinese government has resolved to make ener-
getic efforts to suppress the coolie trade.
Advices from Rio Janeiro state that General Mitre
has succeeded in making a treaty which fixes the boim-
dary between Paraguay and the Argentine Republic,
and it has been ratified.
Iceland will next year celebrate the tenth centennial
anniversary of its settlement. It was discovered by
Naddod, a sea rover in 860, and was settled by Ingolf a
Norwegian chief in 874. There are over 300 Lutheran
churches on the island, with public schools attached to
them. Nearly all the inhabitants can read and write,
and appear to be honest, temperate and religious.
United States. — The public debt statement of the
first inst., shows an increase during tlie Tenth month
of $3,039,000. The coin balance in the Treasury S82,-
313,581: currency balance $4,312,155. Outstanding
legal-tenders $360,952,206.
The ravages of yellow fever in Memphis, Shreveport
and other cities of the south-west, have abated since the
commencement of cooler weather.
There were 454 deaths in New York last week.
The interments in Philadelphia for the week ending
11th month 1st, numbered 265, including 76 children
under two years. The mean temperature of the Tenth
month, per Pennsylvania Hospital record, was 56.99
deg.; the highest during the month SO deg., and the
lowest 34.50 deg. The amount of rain during the month
5.88 inches, making a total of 51.48 inches since the be-
ginning of the year. The average of the mean tempera-
ture of the Tenth month for the past 84 years, is stated
to be 54.74 deg. ; the highest mean during that entire
period was 64 deg., in 1793, the lowest 4(i deg., in 1827
During the quarter ending Olli mo. oOth, 68,5SS emi-
grants arrived at the port of New York, of which 38,613
were males, and 27,975 females.
The estimates for the Legislative branch of the gov-
ernment have all been prepared, and show an increai
over those of any previous year, the pay of membe:;
and senators having been largely increased. The sa
aries of Senators will be $555,000, and for pay of en
ployees $144,000, with $199,000 contingent expense
For salaries of members of the House of Represent
tives, the estimates are $2,400,000, ofBcers and en '
plovees 8218,000, contingent expenses $267,000 : tot
13,783,000.
The yield of wine in California this year is estimate
at 3,000,000 gallons, a falling off" compared with la
year of about 2,000,000 gallons.
The consumption of iron of all kinds in the Unite
States, in 1872, is estimated at 4,311,500 tons.
During the last fiscal year, 13,030,606 acres of tl
public lands were disposed of, which is 1,626,266 acri;
more than in the previous year.
The amount of gold and silver coin in the Unite
States is estimated by the Director of the Mint, froi
the most reliable data obtainable, at $140,000,000,'
which about $5,000,000 is in silver. An increase i
coin has been gradually going on during the presfii
year.
The Markets, &c. — The following were the quotatic^
on the third inst. New York. — American gold, 107
U. S. sixes, 1881, 113; ditto, 1867, 117; ditto, 10-
5 per cents, ]06|. Superfine flour, $5.15 a $5.65 ; Sta
extra, $6.10 a f 6.40; finer brands, $6.50 a $10.25. R
western wheat, $1.48 a $1.50; No. 2 Chicago sprir
$1.36 ; No. 3 do., $1.33.',. Barley, $1.27 a $1.50. Oa
44 a 49 cts. Western white corn, 69 cts. ; yellow, 6
a 61 cts. Philadelphia. — Middlings cotton, 15 a 16 e i
for uplands and New Orleans. Crude petroleum, 1 i
cts. ; standard white, 16 cts. Flour, $5 to $9 per bl
Amber wheat, $1.55 a $1.65 ; red, $1.45 a $1.50 ; No
spring, $1.35 a $1.37. Yellow corn, 65 cts. Oats,
a 48 cts. Smoked hams, 12 a 14 cts. Lard, 83 a
cts. Clover seed, 8 a 9 cts. Sales of about 300() bi
cattle at 6 a 7 cts. per lb. gross for fair to choice, a
common 3 a 4! cts., a few extra brought 7} cts. She
sold at 4 a 6 cts. per lb. gross, and hogs at $6.50 a $6.i
per 100 lb. net. Chicarjo. — Spring extra flour, $5,5<,
$6.50. No. 1 spring wheat, $1.03; No. 2 do., $!.( i
No. 2 mixed corn, 35J cts. No. 2 oats, 29 cts. R
60J a 61 cts. No. 2 barley, $1.28. Lard, 6} (
Milwaukie. — No. 1 spring wheat, $109; No. 2 d
$1.04.}. No. 2 oats, 29 cts. No. 2 corn, 38i c
Detroit. — No. 1 white wheat, $1.41. Corn, 47 cts. Oa
36 cts. St. Louis. — No. 2 winter red wheat, $1.48. j!
2 corn, 37i cts. No. 2 oats, .32i cts.
The Treasurer of the Friends' Freedmen's Assoc
tion acknowledges the receipt of jlO for the Freedmo
from Yohoghany, Pa.
ERR.\T.\. — In the quotation from Horace, on pj,
86 in our last number, for ** Prescentmii sequifur d.
pecuniam," read Crescenteia sequitiir cura pecaniam.
In the same No. on page 87, 40th line, for tabieUte
tables.
In No. 10, page 75, for Opranctarum diem, read
pneclarum diem.
FRIENDS' BOARDING SCHOOL FOR INDL
CHILDREN, TUNESASSA, NEW YORK.
A teacher of the school will be wanted at the ec
raencement of the Spring term.
Application mav be made to
Ebenezer Worth, Marshallton, Chester Co., P.
Joseph Scattergood, 413 Spruce St., Philada.;
Aaron Sharpless, Street Road P. O., Chei
Co., Pa.
Thom.as Wistar, Fox Chase P. O., Philada.
Died, on the 26th of 7th mo. 1873, at the reside
of her husband, Aaron Morris, Susannah MoebiS
her 04tli year, a much esteemed member of Springy
Monthly and Hopewell Particular Meeting, Linn (
Iowa. From the time she was taken ill she belie'
that she would not recover, and although at times ,
suffi?ring was almost unbearable, she wished not to CC
plain, and said she was willing to bear all that the L
placed upon her. On one occasion she said, " this wo
has losi all its charms for me." She was looking!
ward lo brighter scenes of glory. She observed tha
was hard to leave her family, "yet all seemed bri t
as the noonday." ■4bout four hours before lierder,'
a deep sleep came over her, from which she ne r
awakened, and she peacefully and without a striigs
pas.sed from earth. She was a woman beloved by ,
hated by none. Though her family and friends moi i'
her departure, they have the consoling belief that 3
is, through mercy, now at rest in that " better Ian,
where all is peace and joy, forever and forever.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. XLVII.
SEVENTH-DAY, ELEVENTH MONTH 15, 1873.
NO. 13.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
rice Two Dollars per annum, if paid in advance. Two
dollars and fifty cents, if not paid in advance.
SubacriptiOGj and Payments received bj
JOHN S. STOKES,
AT NO. 116 NORTH FOURTH STREET, DP STAIRS,
PHILADELPHIA.
oatage, when paid quarterly in advance, five cents.
[From a, little work by Daniel Ivirkwood,
III '■Comets and Meteors," published by J.B.
iippiocott & Co., of this city, the following
xtraets are taken for insertion in " The
'"■rieud."]
Comets.
The term comet — which signifies literally a
.iiiry star — may be applied to all bodies that
evolve about the sun in very eccentric orbits.
Che sudden appearance, vast dimensions, and
xtraordinarj' aspect of these celestial wan-
ilerers, together with their rapid and continu-
lly varying motions, have never failed to ex-
ite the attention and wonder of all observers.
■Jor is it surprising that in former times, when
1 he nature of their orbits was wholly unknown,
, |hey should have been looked upon as omens
: if impending evil, or messengers of an angry
)eity. Even now, although modern science
|:a8 reduced their motions to the domain of
liw, determined appro.ximatelj' iheir orbits,
j.nd assigned in a number of instances their
iieriods, the interest awakened by their ap-
iiearance is in some respects still unabated.
The special points of dissimi'arity between
ilanets and comets are the following: — The
ormer are dense, and, so far as we know, solid
odies ; the latter are many thousand times
{ arerthan the earth's atmosphere. The planets
I II move from west to east ; many comets re-
^olve in the opposite direction. The plane-
) fary orbits are but slightly inclined to the
J ilane of the ecliptic; those of comets may
lave any inclination whatever. The planets
ireobserved in allpartsof their orbits; comets,
ply in those parts nearest the sun.
The larger comets are attended by a (ail,
(rtrain of varying dimensions, extending gen-
irally in a direction opposite to that of the
; iun. The more condensed part, from which
.'be tail proceeds, is called the nucleus; and
V|lie nebulous envelope immediately surround-
I [ig the nucleus is sometimes termed the coma.
n I Zeno, Democritus, and other Greek philo-
' bphcrs held that comets were produced by
' be collection of several stars into clusters.
j.ristotle taught that they were formed by
[xhalations, which, rising from the earth's
urface, ignited in the upper regions of the
'tmosphere. This hypothesis, through the
reat influence of its author, was generally re-
ceived for almost two thousand years. Juster
views, however, were entertained bj' the cele-
brated Seneca, who maintained that comets
ought to be ranked among the permanent
works of nature, and that their disappearance
was not an extinction, but simply a passing
beyond the reach of our vision. The observa-
tions of Tycho Brahe first established the fact
that comets move throughihejilanctary spaces
far beyond the limits of our atmosphere. The
illustrious l)ane, however, supposed them to
move in circular orbits. Kepler, on the other
hand, was no less in error in considering their
paths to be rectilinear. James Bernouilli suj)-
posed comets to be the satellites of a very re-
mote planet, invisible on account of its great
distance, — such satellites being seen only in
the parts of their orbits nearest the earth.
Still more extravagant was the hypothesis of
Descartes, who held that they were originally
fixed stars, which, having gradually lost their
light, could no longer retain their positions,
but were involved in the vortices of the neigh-
boring stars, when such as were thus brought
within the sphere of the sun's illuminating
power again became visible.
Comets of extraordinary brilliancy have
sometimes been seen during the daytime. At
least thirteen authentic instances of this phe-
nomenon have been recorded in history. The
first was the comet which appeared about the
year 43 b. c, just after the assassination of
Julius Ca!sar. The Romans called it the
Juliuin Sidus, and regarded it as a celestial
chariot sent to convey the soul of Ciesar to
the skies. It was seen two or three hours be-
fore sunset, and continued visible for eight
successive days. The great comet of 1106,
described as an object of terrific splendor, was
seen simultaneously with the sun, and in close
proximity to it. Dr. Halley sup])osed this and
the Julian comet to have been previous visits
of the great comet of 1680. In the j-ear 1402
two comets appeared, — one about the middle
of February, the oihcrin June, — both of which
were visible while the sun was above the hori-
zon. One was of such magnitude and bril-
liancy that the nucleus and even the tail could
be seen at midday. The comet of 1472, one
of the most splendid recorded in historj^, was
visible in full daylight, when nearest the earth,
on the 21st of January. This comet, accord-
ing to Laugier, moves very nearly in the
plane of the ecliptic, its inclination being less
than two degrees. Its least distance from our
globe was only 3,300,000 miles. The comet
of 1532, su])po.sed by some to be identical with
that of 1661, was also visible in full sunshine.
The apparent magnitude of its nucleus was
three times greater than that of Jupiter. The
comet of 1577 was seen with the naked ej'e
by Tycho Brahe before sunset. It was by
observations on this body that Aristotle's doc-
trine in regard to the origin, nature, and dis-
tance of comets was proved to be erroneous.
It was simultaneously observed by Tycho
at Oranienberg, and Thaddeus Hagecius at
Prague; the points of observation being moro
than 400 miles apart, and nearly on the same
meridian. The comet was found to have no
sensible diurnal parallax ; in other words, its
apparent place in the heavens was the same
to each observer, which could not have been
the case had the comet been less distant than
the moon. The comet which passed its peri-
helion on the 8th of November, 1618, was dis-
tinctly' seen by Marsilius when the sun was
above the horizon. The great comet of 1744
was seen without the aid of a glass at one
o'clock in the afternoon, — only five hours
alter its perihelion passage. The diameter of
this body' was nearly equal to that of Jupiter.
It had six tails, the trrcatest length of which
was about 30,000,000 miles, or nearly one-
third of the distance of the earth from the
sun. The spaces between the tails were as
dark as the rest of the heavens, while the tails
themselves were bordered with a luminous
edging of great beauty.
The great comet of 1843 was distinctly visi-
ble to the naked eye, at noon, on the 28th of
February. It appeared as a brilliant body,
within less than two degrees fiom the sun.
This comet passed its perihelion on the 27th
of Februar3-, at which time its distance from
the sun's surface vvas only about one-fourth
of the moon's distance from the earth. This
is the nearest approach to the sun ever made
b}' any known comet. The velocity of the
body in perihelion was about 1,280,000 miles
an hour, or nearly nineteen times that of the
earth in its orbit. The apparent length of its
tail was sixty-five dearees, and its true length
150,000,000 miles. The first comet of 1847,
discovered by Mr. Hind, was also seen near
the sun on the day of its perihelion passage.
That discovered by Klinkcrfues on the 10th
of Juno, 1853, and which ])assed its perihelion
on the 1st of September, was seen at Olmutz
in the daj'time, August 31, when only twelve
degrees from the sun. After passing its peri-
helion, it was again observed, at noon, on the
2d, 3d, and 4tb of September, l-'inally, the
great comet of 1861 was seen before sunset,
on Monday evening, July 1, by Henry W.
Ballautine, of Bloomington, Indiana. It was
again detected on the following evening just
as the sun was in the horizon.
Besides the thirteen comets which we have
enumerated, at least four others have been
seen in the daytime ; all, however, under pecu-
liar circumstances. Seneca relates that during
a great solar eclipse, 63 j-ears before our era,
a large comet was observed not far from the
sun. "Philostorgius says that on the 19th of
Jul}-, A. D. 418, when the sun was eclipsed and
stars were visible, a great comet, in the form
of a cone, was discovered near that lumin-
ary, and was afterwards observed during the
nights." The comet which j^assed its peri-
helion on the 18th of November, 1826, was
[observed by both Gambart and Flaugergues
I to transit the solar disk, — the least distance
I of the nucleus from the sun's surface being
98
THE FRIEND.
about 2,000,000 miles. The second comet of
1819 and the comet of 1823 are both known
in like manner to have passed between the
sun and the earth. Unfortunately, however,
the transits were not observed.
A few cometary orbits are hyperbolas, more
ellipses, and a still greater number parabolas.
Comets moving in ellipses remain permanent-
ly within the limits of solar influence. Others,
however, visit our system but once, and then
pass off to wander indefinitely in the sidereal
spaces.
(To be continued.)
For "The Friend."
John Heald.
(Continued from page 90.)
2nd mo. 23d, 1817. " We attended the meet-
ing at Chestnut Creek, in Virginia. We sat
awhile and there came a shower of rain, and
many men and boys, and women and girls
rose up and went out to bring in saddles. I
think I do not remember to have witnessed a
meeting so much disturbed on a like occasion
before. Daniel Picket attended this meeting,
and in the forepart delivered a short testi-
mony, but I sat under a concern, and the time
had passed so long, that I supposed I should
pass the meeting in silence. I felt easy with
being there, and believed I was in my place
in sitting quiet; but when an hour or more
was spent, I felt a remark present, and stood
up, and said, there is much to be learned that
is necessary to be known ; and there is not
perhaps a more necessary lesson than that of
bringing our wills into subjection to the Di-
vine will. The Divine Master said, Learn of
me for I am meek and lowly of heart, and ye
shall find rest for your souls."
John Heald proceeded to show, that in out
ward learning those who are idle and inatten-
tive make but little progress; and so in our
pursuit of heavenly blessings, it was needful
that we should bo diligent and in earnest.
Among the spiritual lessons which it was
needful to learn, he specified that, of choosing
the good and refusing the evil, or as it is else-
where expressed, of ceasing to do evil, and
learning to do well ; and also that which the
apostle declared he had attained to, of know-
ing how to want and to abound, and to be
content therewith, and to glory in the cross
of Christ that crucified him to the world and
the world to him. He then adds these com-
ments : " Indeed there is so much to be learned
that there is no time for idleness. Time, O
how precious ! and how is it wasted and
squandered away, as if we had nothing to do ;
much to learn and but little learned, and the
time may be far spent, shorter than we are
aware of.
Obedience is better than sacrifice, and to
hearken than the fat of rams. This was ex-
pressed to the first anointed king of Israel.
He received a command to go and do, but he
■was not obedient, and we find that ho bitterly
complained, in the time of his distress, that
the Lord had forsaken him, but wo do not find
any such complaint until he had been disobe-
dient. After this he complained that the Lord
had forsaken him, and answered him no more
by prophet, by vision, or by dream. How
lamentable was his case, and how many have
lamented that they have neglected to improve
the time with which they have been blessed.
Oh! the anguish, the sorrow, the lamentation
and the tears, that some have poured out, be-
been faithful and obedient as far as they knew
and were capable of, and when they found
inability had asked of him who giveth to all
men liberally and upbraideth none, they would
no doubt have obtained help ; for I have been
a sorrowful witness of the distress of many,
and they have all taken the blame to them-
selves, and acknowledged their unfaithfulness
— no complaint of want of ability, but of obe-
dience. Therefore be faithful with the ability
received, wait on the Lord and serve Him.
Such will be made acquainted with the man-
ner of performing true spiritual worship. The
hour Cometh and now is, when the true wor-
shippers shall worship the Father in spirit
and in truth, for such the Father seeketh to
worshi]) Him. This is true Christian worship,
and this is what all ought to attain to; all
should learn, and if any man lack wisdom let
him ask of God who giveth to all men liber-
ally. I had no expectation of advancing any-
thing like as much, when I first stood up, but
way opened, and I pursued it to great length
before I found myself at liberty to sit down.
Divers were tendered.
The next day rode home with Daniel Picket,
about 25 miles, and crossed the mountain in
the way. Notice was given of a meeting in
the hollow or valley. Next day, the 25th, the
meeting was held in a school-house, which was
full, and more of other people than Friends.
After sitting awhile I said, Better is a poor
and wise child, than an old and foolish king,
that will no more be admonished. 1 en-
deavored to show the need of learning obedi-
ence, and attending to admonition. I went
on a considerable time pressing the necessity
of taking counsel, and being as wiso children.
Such will hardly be called wise, who will not
be admonished, who will not attend to the re-
us ; our everlasting welfare depends on th
attention we give now in a little while. Ca
it be accomplished with such attention as ha
heretofore been given, or is it not necessar
to be more industrious? Is there not dange
of the time being spent before the work is ac
complished ? The labor was long, and it wa
a solemn time. In the course of the exercise
formality was treated on, as a great hindranci
to the work of the soul's salvation."
After this John Heald attended meetingi
at Blues Creek and at Muddy Creek, whiel
were depressing seasons, owing to the insen
sibility and inattention to true religion whiel
seemed to prevail. On 3d mo. 3d, " we attend
ed Deep River Monthly Meeting. Gideoi
Molineux labored for some time. I followe(
him with saying: Thou wilt keep him in per
feet peace whose mind is stayed on Thee, be
cause he trusteth in Thee. Our labors wen
to encourage to a confiding in the Preserve
of men. The business was conducted to satis'
faction. In the course thereof, Jeremial
Hubbard was recommended as a minister t(
the Quarterly Meeting.
5th. We were at Newberry Meeting. Mr
exercise was to encourage to do right, as thi
way to obtain the mo.st .satisfaction. We ma^
observe that where a family or neighborhoo(
do right and avoid wrong, they live in lovi
and enjoy tranquillity; but if they go inti:
wrong practices they become distressed ant
do not enjoy comfort, but anguish and tribu
lation is what they fall into. It was so witl
Israel. Moses and Joshua, to encourage thetn >
held out promises of good enjoyment theii
should partake of, if they would be obedien;
and serve the Lord ; and while they wer*
faithful they were favored and enjoyed peace
but when they forsook the right way, thej
proofs of instruction which are the way to were perplexed and distressed. In Jeremial
life. Are we not neglecting to attend thereto,
if we feel condemned for doing a thing, and
yet go and repeat it again ; and as often feel
sadness and condemnation or remorse, and
still continue to repeat the like? Are not
such like an old and foolish king that will no
more be admonished, because they will not
attend to the reproofs of instruction ? I then
stated a little of my own experience in regard
to suftering for not learning obedience to that
inward instruction. In the time of doing this,
tenderne.ss in many was evinced. This was
a good meeting, favored largely with heavenly
regard.
26th. We went to Westfield Meeting, which
was large, the weather cold and the people
restless. My mind was soon loaded with
we may find they had the promise, if thej
would turn from the evil of their ways, to re
pent, return and live; but if they did noti
their destruction was of themselves. Wher
this good prophet had labored much to peri
suade them to be obedient to the Lord anc
serve Him, but they would not be reclaimed
under a sense of the distress that was coming
on them, ho said: 'Oh that mine head wer*
waters, and mine eyes a fountain of tears, tha'
I might weep day and night for the slain o '
the daughter of mj' people.' And when hi,'
mind was alarmed with a prospect of theii |
calamity, and he was about to intercede foi
them, he was forbidden — the Lord saying t(
him, ' Lift up neither cry nor prayer for them
for I will not hear thee.' So there was ; ,
exercise. My breathings were earnest for my time when they might have done better ; anc
own preservation, and I felt interested for the I there came a time when they must suffer. J
welfare of the people. My mind was impressed
with the greatness of the work that was
necessary to be carried on, and done while
time lasted ; under a sense whereof I repeated
the expressions of our Lord, when, under a
sense of the sufferings that were approaching,
he said : ' I have a work to do, and how ami
straitened until it be accomplished.' We have
a great work to do individually, and are we
straitened until it be accomplished, or are we
easy about it, not caring much whether it is
done or not? The apostle left an injunction
to the believers to work out their salvation
with fear and trembling; and the Divine
Master said : ' Work while it is called to-day,
for the night cometh wherein no man can
work ;' so we may see that there is a work to
cause of their own neglect. If they had only | do, and it is a work of great consequence to
also instanced our Saviour weeping over Jeru
salem, and endeavored to encourage thost
present, since it was as easy to do right no^^
as at any former time."
(To be continued.)
How they Train Sheep Bogs in California —
C. E. Babb, in one of his letters from Call
fornia, tells of what an old shepherd told hin
about the way they train the famous shepherc
dogs in southern California. He says you ma}
go over the plains and hills there for milct
and see thousands of sheep, but not a man t(
watch them. Around each flock or band o
say a thousand sheep are half a dozen dogs o
a peculiar breed — dogs whose progenitor:
were imported from the sheep pastures of the
old world. These dogs take the entire cart
THE FRIEND.
99
' tlie sheep, drive them out to pasture in the
lorning, keep them from straying during the
lA . and bring them home at night. These
il;- have inherited a talent for keeping sheep,
ut the shepherds do not depend whollj- on
lat. Thcj- cultivate it in this way — so at
ast the old shepherd says: " When a lamb
born it is taken away from the mother sheep
efore she has seen it, and a puppy put in its
laee. The sheep suckles the puppy and
•arns to love it. When the puppy grows old
iiough to eat meat it is fed in the morning
nd sent out with the sheep. It stays with
lem because it is accustomed to be with its
loiher, but it cannot feed with them. As
lev get full the dog gets hungry. At length,
npalient to return where it hopes to get an-
tlier piece of meat, it begins to tease and
orry its mother, and finally starts her toward
onio ; the other sheep follow, and thus the
.■hole flock is brought in. If the dog brings
he sheep home too soon, or comes homo witli-
iit them, he gets no supper or is punished in
iinie other way. Hence he soon learns when
0 come, and to see to it that none of his
harge ^re left behind. These animals are
rained by taking advantage of their instincts
.nd appetites "
For "The Fripncl
In a letter to Hannah More, by John New-
on, in the 5th month, 1800, he adverts to the
leath of his beloved friend and neighbor,
■Villiam Cowper, which will be read no doubt,
sith deep interest, by some of the admirers
if that eminent poet. H. C. W.
■^ly dear: — Glad should I be to have an-
itbcr peep at you, but all is uncertain ; and if
he precept, 'Boast not thyself of tomorrow,'
s a proper admonition to all persons of all
imes, it certainh' does not become me, at the
icre of seventy-five, to look so far forward as
,0 the end of a whole month. Well! my times
u-e in the Lord's hands, and should we not
•neet upon earth, I trust we shall meet before
,he throne, where neither sin nor sorrow shall
)e able to distress us. Here we are sometimes
3alled to sow in tears, but the harvest will be
3ne of everlasting and uninterrupted joys.
3h 1 this blessed hope softens the trials of life,
uid will gild the gloomy valley.
'■ ily most dear and intimate friend William
L'owper, has obtained a release from all his
distresses. Why was he, who both by talents
and disposition seemed qualified, if it were
possible, to reform the age in which he lived,
.harrassed by distresses and despair, so that
.he bush which Moses saw all in flames, was
:i fit emblem of his case !
"The Lord's thoughts and ways are so
much above ours, that it becomes us rather to
lie in the dust in adoration and silence, than
to inquire presumiJtuously into the grounds of
His proceedings; yet I think we may draw
3ome lessons from his sufferings. I wish to
learn from them thankfulness, for the healUi
and peace with which I have been favored;
and cautious ijot to depend upon whatever
gifts, abilities, or usefulness, past comforts or
experiences, have been afforded me. In all
these respects my friend was, during a part
of his life, greatly my superior. He lived,
(though not without short conflicts), in point
of comfort and conduct, far above the com-
mon standard, for about ten years ; and for
twenty-seven years afterwards, he knew not
one peaceful day. May it remind me likewise
of the precarious tenure by which we hold all
our" desirables. A slight alteration in the
nervous system, ma)- make us a burden and a
terror to ourselves and our friends. It may
likewise reconcile us to lighter troubles, when
we see what the Lord's most fovored and
honored servants are appointed to endure.
But we are sure that He is rich enough to
make them abundant amends for whatever
His infinite wisdom may see meet to call
them to, for promoting His glory in the end ;
for this bush, though so long in the flames,
was not consumed, because the Lord was
there. The last twelve hours of his life he
lay still and took no notice ; but so long as he
could speak, there was no proof that his de-
rangement was either removed or abated.
Ho was, however, free from his great terrors.
There was no sign of either joy or sorrow
when near his departure. What a glorious
surprise must it be, to find himself released
from all his chains in a moment, and in the
presence of the Lord whom he loved, and
whom he served ; for the apostle says : 'When
absent from the body, present with the Lord.'
There is no intermediate state. How little
does he think now of all he suffered while
here !
"This is a disinterested letter. It neither
requires nor expects an answer from you.
When I wrote last I was desirous of possess
ing one more token of your kindness. You
have gratified me, and I ask no further. Pro-
bablj' this will likewise be my last to you.
My health is remarkably good ; but eyes, ears,
and recollection fail. I aim to adopt the words
of Dr. Watts, and sometimes think I can,
'The breaches cheerfully foretell, the house
will shortly fall ;' yet as I am still able to
preach, and am still heard with acceptance, I
have no reason to wish to be gone. Pray for
me, my dear ladies, that I may work while it
is called to-day, and that when the night
Cometh, I may retire like a thankful guest
from an abundant table. My ca«e is almost
as singular as Jonah's. He was the only one
delivered after having been entombed in the
belly of a fish ; and I, perhaps, the only one
ever brought from bondage and misery in
Africa, to preach Jesus Christ and him cruci-
fied ? In early life I knew much of the evil
of the world, but I brought it all upon myself
During the last half centurj-, I have been
favored with as much of the good which such
a world as this can afford, as perhaps any per-
son in it. I have had internal conflicts, abase-
ments, bereavements, and sharp trials; but I
think upon the whole, I have been as happy
in temporals, as the present state of mortality
will admit. Even now I can think of noth-
ino- with a serious wish, beyond what I have,
if a wish could procure it. But all the past is
like the remembrance of a dream, gone be-
yond recall; the present is precarious, and
will soon be past likewise. But oh ! the future !
Blessed be He who hath brought immortality
to light by the Gospel. I need not say to ray-
self, or my dear friends who are in the Lord,
Quo nuncabibis in loco? we know where they
are and how employed. There I humbly trust
my dear Mary is waiting for mo, and in the
Lord's own time I hope to join with her, and
all the redeemed, in praising the Lamb, once
upon the cross, now upon the throne of glory.
" How apt is self to occupy too much of my
paper, when I am writing to those whom I
love : excuse a fault that flows from a sincere
regard which cannot be confined by forms, i
lOve you, I love Patty, I love you all. If I
were a poet, I should think more frequently
of the five sisters and Cowslip Green, than of
the nine muses and Parnassus. The Ijord
bless you all separately and jointlj^ with all
the blessings pertaining to life and godliness.
" 1 am, my dear,
" Your ver}- affectionate and much obliged,
"John Newton."
Wakefulness from Overwork.
A sj'mptom of mental exhaustion, indica-
tive of a very great degree of mental strain,
is persistent wakefulness. The physiological
cause of this condition is well understood.
During excessive labor of the brain there is
an increased flow of blood to the working
organ, the vessels of the head and neck be-
come distended with blood, as is shown by
the flushing of the face. If this condition of
distension is long continued, the vessels are
apt to lose the power of' contracting when
mental activity is diminished. Hence arises
the imposibility of fulfilling the physical con-
ditions of sleep, the most important of which
is the diminution of the flow of the vital fluid
to the brain. Some extraordinary instances
have been recorded of prolonged wakefulness
as a result of mental overstrain. Boerhaave
mentions that when, on one occasion, intently
engaged on a particularlj- study, he did not
close his eyes in sleep for six weeks. Sir Gil-
bert Blane was informed by Gen. Pichegrne
that, for a whole year, when engaged in active
campaign, he slept but one hour in the twen-
ty-four. These and other similar cases have
probably been unconsciously exaggerated, for
people often sleep without having an after-
consciousness of the fact. It is certain that
the continued deprivation of any considerable
part of the normal amount of sleep will be
seriously detrimental to health. Dr. Ham-
mond, in his work on sleep, mentions the case
of a literary man in America who, for nearly
a year, while intently engaged in a favorite
study, restricted his period of rest to four
hours a day, and frequently less. At the end
of that time the overtasking of his mental
powers was manifested in a curious way. He
told the physician that, though still able to
maintain a connected line of reasoning, he
found that as soon as he attempted to record
his ideas on paper the composition turned out
to be simply a tissue of arrant nonsense.
When in the act of writing, his thoughts
flowed so rapidly that he was not conscious
of the disconnected nature of what ho was
writing ; but as soon as he stopped to read it
over he was aware how completely he had
misrepresented his conceptions. If the lan-
guage happened to be at all intelligible it was
sure to have no relation to the ideas he wished
to express. Thus wishing to obtain a book
from a friend, he found that, instead of the
request, he had written the prayer of Socra-
tes, as given by Plato.
Sir Isaac Newton, in the later years of his
life, suffered greatly from wakefulness. The
fact, well known to every medical man, that
persLstent sleeplessness is frequently the pre-
cursor or initiatory stage of several most
intractable maladies, phj-sical and mental,
alwavs invests the presence of this indication
of mental overstrain with grave interest.
But a continued course of excessive mental
labor generally manifests itself on the mind
itself in various ways, all more or less premo-
nitory of approaching collapse. The brain-
worker begins to perceive an unwonted want
100
THE FRIEND.
of cleai-ness in his ideas ; work comes gradu-
ally less easy to him; ho is alarmed at sud-
den awkward failures of memory; a feeling
of surfeit or disgust will steal over him in the
midst of work; he becomes unable to fix his
attention, and latterly feels as if all mental
energy was crushed out of hira.
If these warnings of an overwrought brain,
now speaking distinctly with the tongue of
disease, are disregarded, the wonder frequently
is, not that the inevitable retribution follows,
but that it should have been so long delayed.
What particular form the jSTemesis shall as-
sume, whether of physical or mental disease,
"will be determined by accidents partly of per-
sonal habit and temperament, and partly of
inherited predisposition. It is noteworthy,
however, that the common opinion that ex-
cessive mental occupation gravitates towards
insanity, does not -appear to be verified by
facts. Indeed, one of the foremost of living
phj'sicians doubts whether alienation of mind
is ever the result of overstrain. It is to phy-
sical, not to mental, derangement that exces-
sive work of the brain generally gives rise.
Insanity, he points out, finds the most suita-
ble material for its developement among our
cloddish, uneducated classes; while the worst
form of physical diseases are originated and
intensified by our educated overstraining
brain-worker.s. — Chambers' Journal.
Selected for "The Friend.
A Striking and Unanswerable Fact.
Truly it is a striking and unanswerable fact,
that there has not been one individual, who
has risen to any eminence for religious dedi
cation in our Societ}^ but has had to tread
the narrow and strait path ; and has had to
attribute his progress to giving up, in the
ability received, to obey the secret monitions
of the Spirit of Christ, even in little things :
nor has there, I believe, been 0)ic who has
swerved from this course, that has ultimately
turned out belter than the salt that has lost
its savor. — John Barclay.
Do all for God. — Some Christians are con-
stantly burdened by their daily cares. They
wear a troubled, anxious look, which depresses
all with whom they come in contact. They
fail to see that they should serve God by their
cheerful acceptance of daily duties and labors
It is a great mistake to separate religion from
what is wrongly called secular occupation.
All is of God ! He is above all, through all,
and in all. We arc to do all in Him and for
His sake. How beautiful life becomes when
it is thus taken up in detail for God I Every-
thing is sanctified. The common duties, the
irksome I'ound of trivial events, are made holy
by the intention in which they arc met.
There is always a daily cross to bo taken up,
but, if it is borne after Christ, it becomes a
means of grace. No service is trivial where
Christ is served. The ceaseless labor of the
household, small though it may seem to out-
siders, is as duly noted and rewarded by the
Master as the more prominent work of other
servants. Let none despond ; Christ gives to
each his place. In that place and no other,
Ho desires to be served. Do tho work ol
your calling faithfully ; do it as well as you
can, as in His sight, and of you shall be said
those words of highest praise, "She hath
done what she could."
" When God calls for a sacrifice, tho more
promptly wo yield it, the less we shall sufl'er."
Original.
The many beautiful sunsets which have been wit-
nessed during the late Summer and the present Autumn,
so often brought to mind the following lines written
long since, when the author was but sixteen years of
age, that they are offered for insertion in " The Friend,'
as perhaps descriptive of the enjoyment .md feelings of
others, at that lovely, that sweetly impressive hour of
the day.
SUNSET.
'Twas evening — and the orb of day,
That rose obscured in massy clouds.
And rode the vaulted sky unseen,
Now threw aside his humid veil ;
And once before his glorious close
Displayed his radiant face, and shed
A softened mellow light o'er all
The undulated scene beneath.
The scattered clouds in ragged forms
Pass slowly 'cross his beamy disk,
And cast their huge dark shadows o'er
The woody heights ; in silent pomp
Tlien sail majestic off, and leave
The verdant summits of the hills
Tinged with his soft but lucid light.
At length half sunk beneath the west,
Arrayed in garbs of liquid gold.
The fleecy clouds refulgent wait
The moment of his bright depart ;
Then gradual die away the tints,
AVhich erst in dazzling beauty glowed,
'Till sober twilight comes apace,
And all enrobes in misty grey.
So Zion-ward enwrapt in clouds.
The christian walks this vale of tears;
Yet with a hope Divine sustained.
Undaunted wends his way. But oh,
What rapture fills his longing soul,
AVhen far beyond this world of storm.
He sees the blissful gates unbarred.
And as from hallowed lips he hears
"Enter thou here and find thee rest!"
How calm, how sweet the closing scene!
The vanquished clouds recede, disperse :
Radiant with celestial hope.
His gladdened spirit beams, and all
Around, its parting rays illume.
C. M. S.
1821.
Though 'tis not now the season when the lovely wood
Anemone, " with look so like a smile," brightens here and
there the dark shade of the forest floor, there are some
wild flowers even yet to be found decking their varied
beautiful homes; and perhaps the following lines, ad-
dressed by a youth of fifteen years to that gr.aceful little
gem, may not inappropriately find a place in th
columns of "The Friend."
Original.
TO AN ANEMONE IN A BURIAL GROUND.
Say lovely plant, while round thee throwing
Thy wealth of leaves and starry flowers,
While young spring on thy petals glowing.
Thou drink'st bland April's sunny showers,
Lovest thou thy home?
Thou standest by that long grey stone
Like Beauty watching o'er the dead —
Her bright cheek pales to hear the tone.
The knell that lays lier loved one's head
In the cold dark tomb.
Sweet flower, thou rcck'st not of the scene.
The funeral scene, thy birth-place ground, —
The rank grass waving long and green,
The hollow wind that moans around,
The silence dread ;
The damps that creep with twilight's shade,
The graves cold gleaming through the gloom,
The red earth piled in mounds new made.
The awful stillness of the tomb, —
Thon'rt 'mongst the dead.
Thou bendest with such drooping grace.
Thou seem'st an emblem of the maid
That whilom bowed her sorrowing face
Like spirit of the church-yard shade.
O'er this grey stone.
She was a bright, but fading flower,
Like thee loo bright for her dark home ;
Her spirit, chained here for an hovn*.
Was freed, and left earth's sinful gloom
For God's high throne.
A plant in Heaven's own nursery reared,
She wintered here mid earth-born things;
As buds unfold their petals seared,
She homeward spread her long closed wings,
And soared away.
How blest that hour — the mourners by —
They had but in their woe-struck sight,
Their sweet bird flown — her upturned eye
Saw opening glory, and for night
The heavenly day.
For "The Friend."
Scientific Notes.
A recent academical address by A. Stren,
at Giessen, speaks of the circulation obsen
able in the changes on the earth's surfiice. j
familiar example is that of water, whiel
evaporated from the sea, is condensed in th
atmosphere, falls to earth again as rain, snoA
or dew, filters through the soil, and by stream
and rivers returns to the sea. But this circuls
tion is not so simple as at first sight may aj
pear. For the water evaporated from the se
is absolutely pure, while the water which re
turns in rivers carries with it large quantitie
of solid matters. When these solid matter
with the water bearing them, have j-eachei
the sea, the motion which kept them in sue
pension ceases, and there ensues a mechanica
deposit.
But the substances dissolved in river-wate
often exceed those mechanically suspended ii
it, and consist for the most part of compoundso
lime, with some magnesia and a little commo)
salt. To give some idea of the quantities, i
has been calculated that the Ehine, which i
comparatively a small river, carries annually
to the sea, over 100 million cubic feet of solio
substances dissolved in its waters. Thes
are all washed out of the earth's strata by th'
rain water passing through them. The lini'
thus brought into the sea-water furnishes th'
material with which the coral polyp build'
the great coral banks, and the various tribe
of mollusca deposit their shelly coverings. [
This levelling action of water in wearinj
away the mountain masses and filling uj
the sea-bottoms, is counterbalanced by othe^
forces, which depress some portions of thi
earth's surface and elevate others. Amon;
the gradually rising stretches of land are Nor
way, tho north of Sweden, the west coast o
England, Ireland, a great part of France
Syria, the east coast of Africa, &c. Amonj
those which are gradually sinking are th'
south of Sweden, the east and south of Eng
land, Greenland, the isles of the Pacific, &c.
A. W. Bennett recently read before th'
British Association, a paper on the movemen
of the glands on the upper side of the leaf O
the common Sun-dew, Drosera rotundifolia, i
plant common in America as well as England'
These glands are not hairs, but portions o
the leaf, which terminate in a pellucid knob
within which is formed a peculiar viscid score
tion. "When examined with a microscope o
tow magnifj'ing power, this secretion may b'
seen collected about the knobs, and stretchin/
in glutinous strings from one to another. Thi,
secretion has probably an attraction for flic
and other small insects, as, if the plant is es '
aniined in its native bogs, scarcely a leaf wil
bo found in which an insect is not imprisoned
Tho experiment was made of placing a ver;
small insect on a leaf Immediately on com
ing into contact with the viscid secretion i
made vigorous efforts to escape, but thes'
efforts only seemed to entangle it all the mon
deeply. The contact of the insect appeare(
THE FRIEND.
101
excite a stronger flow of the secretion.
hich soon enveloped the body of the animal
a dense and ahiiost transparent slime, firmly
ucing down the wings and rendering escape
)pele88. During all this time the insect was
nking lower and lower down among the
ands towards the surface of the leaf, but
ily a slight change had taken place in the
)sition of the glands themselves, which had
ightly converged so as to imjirison it more
)mplotely. But after the struggles of the
risoner had practically ceased, a remarkable
lange took place in the leaf. Almost the
hole of the glands on its surface, even those
imoved from the body of the insect by a dis-
ince of at least double its own length, began
» bend over and point the knobs at their ex-
•emities towards it. The experiment was
ade in the evening, and by the next morn-
ig almost ever}' gland on the leaf was point-
ig towards the object in the centre, forming
dense mass over it.
The nearly allied Venus' Fly-trap {Dioncea
mscicapa), which imprisons flies by a much
lore sudden motion of the sides of the leaf, is
aid to digest and absolutely consume the in-
ects thus entrapped. What becomes eventu-
Uy of the prisoners of the sundew, the ex-
leriments have not been carried sufficiently
ar to ascertain. A small piece of meat placed
n another leaf produced changes similar to
hose caused by the fly, the glands converging
iver it in the same manner. Pieces of wood
nd of worsted placed on the leaves produced
10 such results.
Du Binz read a paper before the British
i.6SOciation, showing that alcohol reduced the
emperature of the body in warm-blooded
mals o° or 4°. The apparent warmth felt
ifter taking a dose of it was due to the irrita
lion of the nerves of the stomach, and the en
argement of the vessels arising in the skin.
Selected for "The Friend."
The following is a copy of a letter written
)y Robert Barclay to Christian Nollason,
(vhom he afterwards married. John Barclay
n his " Memoirs of Friends in Scotland," says ;
It may be interesting to some readers, to
contemplate the grounds and motives for en-
;ering on the marriage state, which appeared
to influence such a mind as that of the 'Apol-
ogist,' at the age of twenty-one years ; at least
30 far as these are developed in the following
etter addressed to the worthy object of his
choice."
" 28th of First mo. 1609.
"Dear Friend : — Having for some time past
had it several times upon my mind, to have
saluted thee in this manner of writing, and to
enter into a literal correspondence with thee,
BO far as thy freedom will allow, I am glad
this small occasion hath made way for the
beginning of it.
The love of thy converse, the desire of thy
friendship, the sympathy of thy way, and the
meekness of thy spirit, have often, as thou
mayst have observed, occasioned me to take
frequent opportunity to have the benefit of
thy company ; in which, I can truly sa}-, I
have often been refreshed, and the life in me
touched with a sweet unity, which flowed from
the same in thee, — tender flames of pure love
towards thee, and make thee acceptable unto
me ; hut that which is before all and beyond
all, is, that 1 can say in the fear of the Lord,
that I have received a command from him to
love thee, and for that I know his love is much
towards thee, and his blessing and goodness
is and shall be unto thee, so long as thou abid-
es! in a true sen.se of it.
I write not these things to draw out thy
mind, but as being with me so to do, that thou
mayst rather bo humbled, and love themorc
to "abide in the low, meek, quiet, satisfied,
peaceful, contented habitation, from which
there is safety that cannot be hurt, and peace
that cannot be broken, — a place of rest and
quietness, where the children of light and
babes of the household of faith have lellow-
ship together, and embrace one another in
the pure love, which is mysterious, and hid
from such as arc led away by the fooUsh
loves, and fond afl'ections of this world. For
when any that bear the name of Truth, or
have at aiiy time tasted of the good thereunto
belonging, are entangled herein, they cannot
but receive great hu'rt, and much damage to
their spiritual prosperity and advancement.
Against this it is my study to watch, aiid my
earnest desire to be enabled so to do. My friend-
ship and respect for thee doth engage mo to offer
the same advice to thee, because thou and I are
those, amongst the small handful in this place,
whose private condition puts in a capacity to
be obvious to temptation of that kind ; by
yielding to which I fear it will be found, some
have received hurt. That such as are behind
may be ])reserved from the like danger, is the
cry of my soul. I am sure it will be our groat
gain so to be kept, that all of us may abide in
the pure love of God; in the sense and draw-
ings iL-hereof, we can only discern and know
how to love one another.
In the present flowings thereof, I have
truly solicited thee, desiring and expecting,
that, in the same thou mayst feel and judge.
Egbert Barcl.vy."
meet. It fulfils in cverj' particular the horri-
ble features attributed to it in Victor Hugo's
"Toilers of the Sea." Notwithstanding the
severity with which the able Frenchman has
been criticised for "creating a nondescript
with his weird imaginations." the truth must
be granted that his "nondescript" has an
actual existence, as is evidenced bj' the speci-
mens in Brighton and Hamburg, as well as
my own.
A Struggle with a Devil FAs/i.— Charles B.
Brainerd, of Boston, in writing to the Suien-
tiflc American about specimens of the devil
fish, relates this interesting incident: The
strength which these creatures possess is al-
most beyond comprehension, as is evinced by
what took place when my pet was captured.
Ho had seized hold of a submarine diver, at
work in the wreck of a sunken steamer ofl' the
coast of Florida. The man was a powerful
Irishman, who claimed to weigh 300 pounds.
His size and build fully verified his statement,
and to use bis own language, "the baste land-
ed on top of my shoulders and pinned my
arms tight. I felt my armor and myself being
cracked into a jolly." It seems that he was
just about being brought to the surface, else
the monster would have killed him, for he
was suffering so from the terrible embrace
that he could move no part of himself. When
dragged on to the raft from which he had
descended and finally released, he had fainted.
The men on the raft seized the fish by one of
its wriggling arms, and tried to pull it off, but
could not break the power of a single one oi
its suckers. The fish was only removed by
being dealt a heavy blow across the sack con
have been kindled in my bosom towards thee, itaining the stomach. This sack stood stittiy
and praises have sprung up in me to the God : up above the eyes, while the eyes stood out
of our salvation for what Ho hath done for like lobsters' eyes, and gleamed like h/e. Ihc
thee! Many things in the natural will, con- monster is, all in all, one of the most frightful
cur to strengthen and encourage my aflfection' apparitions it could be the fate ol man to
For "The Friend."
The Right Ise of Wealth.
We must surely believe an honest accumu-
lation of wealth, and the right use thereof,
with the blessing of the Lord, which maketh
truly rich, will not retard the work of the
soul's salvation, or the spread of the Redeem-
er's kingdom. Many of the servants and chil-
dren of God, who have been entrusted with
f-reat possessions, exerted an influence for good
among those with whom they associated, as
they were enabled to walk humbly before the
Most High ; living in his holy fear, and bear-
ing the cross of Christ, neither poverty nor
riches, could separate them from His love,
who bought them with the price of his own
precious blood.
It does not follow, because a man is rich,
that his ways are displeasing in the Divine
sio-ht: "The love of money," and the impro-
poi- use of it, " is the root of all evil." We find
the "poor rich" man cannot rise above the
things of earth, whilst the "rich poor" man
may soar beyond the skies, and has his trea-
sure there : let us then shroud the former with
the drapery of the past, and brighten the
present with the names of John Woolman,
Richard Jordan, and Christopher Uealy ;
rich in faith and good works, whose me-
mories are still shining with the rays of
the Sun of Righteousness, and are covered
with the fragrance of the eternal morning.
We doubt not, these have experienced the
truth of the proiihetic declaration, " they
that turn many to righteousness, shall shine
as the stars in" the firmament, forever and
forever." Let us read the New Testament,
where we maj- find the account of the rise
of Christianity, when our glorious gospel
day was ushered in, with "Peace on earth
and good will to man ;" and mark the phalanx
of noble men, poor and rich, wise and simple,
who received the glad tidings with joy, and
served God in their day and generation. A
certain centurian's servant, who was dear
unto him, was sick, and ready to die ; when
he heard of Jesus, he sent the elders of the
Jews unto him. beseeching Him that he would
come and heal his serva\it. They besought
him, instantly, saying, "ho was worthy for
whom he should do this, for he loveth our
nation, and hath built us a synagogue." Not-
withstanding their impatience, mark the con-
descension : then Jesus went with them ; and
when he was not far from the house, the cen-
turion sent friends to him saying, " Lord trou-
ble not thyself; for I am not worthy that
thou shouldst enter under ray roof; neither
thought I myself worthy to come unto thee ;
but say in a word, and my ser%-ant shall be
healed." Jesus marvelled and said unto the
people, " I have not found so great faith, no not
in Israel." Luke vii. And John gives us the
account of the nobleman who had the same
living faith, when he besought Jesus saying:
" Sir, come down ere my son die I" Note the
gracious reply, " go thy way, thy son liveth.''
102
THE FRIEND.
These were true witnesses of the divinity and
love of Christ, not only in his outward ap-
pearance, but felt his inward power to heal
the sick. Joseph of Arimathea, an honora-
ble counsellor, was a good man and just, and
waited for the kingdom of God. After the
crucifixion of our Lord and Saviour, he " crav-
ed the body of Jesus, and laid it in his own
new tomb." Nicodemus (who came to him by
night) at the time of the burial, brought one
hundred pounds of spices (ver^^ costly) as a
token of his love and respect, which, through
fear of the Jews, he had not been willing to
manifest openly, was strengthened by "the
Holy Ghost at the time of this great trial, to
fill the linen with the spices, and assist in
wrapping the body of Jesus therein ; while
the immediate followers of their Lord and
Saviour, through the weakness of the flesh,
and anguish of spirit, forsook him and fled.
It is unnecessary' to enuraei-ate all the names
of the good and rich, who had their part in
the first resurrection, over whom the second
death had no power, simply to convince some
that the influence of wealth will produce its
beneficial effects, or evil, as its possessor may
choose ; rather let us leave the things which
are behind, and press forward towards the
mark for the prize of the high calling of God
in Christ Jesus our Lord, and gather up the
fragments which remain, that nothing be lost.
We have had fathers and pillars, to go no
more out, in the church of our day, with
whom we took sweet counsel and went up to
the house of God in company. Samuel Bettle,
John Letchworth and Thomas Kite, all preach-
ers of righteousness, setting forth in their dailj-
walk and conversation, the great truths of
salvation, and confirming in the line of their
experience the words of the Psalmist : By
humility and the fear of the Lord, are riches,
honor, and life. These having kept the faithj
and finished their course with joy, are now,
we believe, in the full fruition of that sight
which John the divine had, when he saw a
pure river of water of life, clear as crystal,
proceeding out of the throne of God and of
the Lamb.
Of Samuel Bettle it may be said, "Blessed
is the man who walketh not in the counsel of
the ungodly, nor standeth in the way of sin-
ners, but his delight is in the law of the Lord,
and in his law doth he meditate day and
night." (Psalm 1st.) He was a faithful laborer
in the Lord's vineyard, making a right use of
the trust committed to him, keeping to the
injunction, let not thy loft hand know what
thy right hand doeth. When called upon by
the writer, whose privilege it was to know liim
intimately, to administer to the comfort of a
widow, he made no reply but sent her one hun-
dred dollars. Careful to entertain strangers,
he did it cheerfully, and ofttimes refreshed the
Lord's poor messengers, that their feet might
not be turned out of the way.
It will require an abler pen than the writer's
to portray the life of our beloved and honored
friend, but it may not seem out of place to
allude to a memorable sermon which he
preached in the meeting-house at Newton,
the place where Eichard Jordan had so often
through the gospel trumpet, sounded an alarm,
and not very long after his death. On First-
day morning, after the meeting had been
gathered into solemn silence for half an hour,
Samuel Bettle rose and commenced with.
Labor not for the meat which perisheth, but
for that meat which endureth unto everlasting
life, which the Son of Man shall give unto you;
for him hath God the Father sealed; and in
a striking manner without any attempt of his
own to elucidate the text, he went on from
one part to another, wherein he set forth the
stupendous work of our redemption bj' the
coming, life, sufferings and death of our Lord
Jesus Christ, not onlj' the doctrine, but the
efficacy of that blood which was shed on Cal-
vary's mount for every man.
But space and time forbid the writer to
trespass farther; suflice it to say, there were
other interesting circumstances connected
with the life of our valued friend, which
might be instructive to many; of which his
extraordinary view of the immortality of the
soul, when he had the yellow fever, is not
among the least.
Q. U.
^■»
Curiosities of the Sea Bottom.
Forest and Stream has a communication
from Com. Beardslee, commanding tbe steamer
Blue Light, assisted by Professor Verrill of
Yale College, from which we copy the follow-
ing passages:
" Cape Cod is a dividing line upon our coast.
South of it one class of creatures are found in
profusion, but the quohog clam (the Calista
convexa'), certain star fishes and worms, and
the oyster have nofexisted, or having existed,
have become extinct north of this line, except
in a very few localities. A live Calista con-
vexa (a species of clam) brought up in Casco
Bay upset at once the opinion held till then
that it was extinct so far north. Quohog shells
in plenty we find in the ancient Indian shell
mounds, which dot every slope of the island,
showing that once they existed in plenty.
Now but one little bay — a mere cove at the
head of Casco Bay — furnishes this creature,
which, south of Cape Cod, is but the common
plentiful clam. Oyster shells, of a size to
which a Saddle Eock is but a pigmy, lie thick-
ly planted six feet below the present bottom
of Portland Harbor. They, too, however, are
extinct. In that great convulsion of Nature
that was so sweeping in its effects not a living
oyster was left to fulfil a mission. It seems a
sad mistake up here, where oysters could be
eaten every day in the year, and the nightly
blanket renders superfluous the mosquito bar.
But the ocean is still well filled, and with fruits
and flowers, with vegetables and plants, ma-
sons and well diggers, robbers and cannibals,
and each bearing in a greater or less degree a
resemblance, either in appearance or habits,
to the creature or object above water that it
is named for. Way down in the dark depths
animal life utilizes ever}' inch of ground, and
no square foot above the surface can equal in
number or variety of forms the same space at
the bottom of the sea. Strange, odd, horrible
creatures, with none or many eyes, with
speckled bodies, and long, slimy, clinging
arms, changing at once their form and size at
will, and, like the genii of the Arabian Tales,
from a mere starting point extend themselves
almost indefinitely in size. Beautiful crea-
tures, too, as the anemones and dahlias, at
first frightened and jarred as we see them in
the dredge, mere masses of pink or purple
flesh, covered with a tough skin ; left to them-
selves in a cool dark place they protrude from
an opening in their bodies, clusters of gay-
colored and gracefullj' moving antenna, which
flowers. Down here the animal kingdon,
takes from the floral tribe the duty of embel,
lishing. Living, breathing, food-devourin|l
flowers, and the kitchen garden too, and or.
chard, are not unrepresented. Sea cucumi
bers, (Pentacta frondosa,) sea peaches, (Cyn,'
thia pyriformis), sea -pearB, (Boltenia clavala,:
and apples, are found in plenty, the former 8(
close a simile of the fruit, both in form anc
color, that it could be mistaken, the one foi
the other.
" The flowers though, beautiful as they are
are but brigands ; those graceful petals wav(
but to entice and grasp a victim, which, wher
seized, is pressed close to its mouth, and then
even if larger than its captor, is swallowec
whole. The process of swallowing whole i
morsel larger than the swallower, is rather
an unusual proceeding among animals, and ol
course an unusual method has to be adopted
The anemone does it in this way ; holding tight
ly its prey, it gradually protrudes its stomach
from its mouth, and turning it inside out, en-
velopes its dinner, and then it lies quietlj:
awaiting the death and digestion. It rejectf
such portions as are not suitable, and stows,
away its stomach for future use. What s
blessing some men would esteem this faculty
to be.
• " The sea cucumber is another curious crea
ture ; first found it is a small, compact 'gher-,
kin ;' left to itself, it will swell and develop tO'
an immense cucumber, quite large enough to
make a boat of, if the sea urchins had the
same habit as did those urchins of whom I
was once one.
" Starfish we find in great numbers and,
varieties, different according to the character
of the bottom. The common ' five-fingered.
Jack' is found everywhere, and at each haul,
of the dredge, whether from mud or rocks,,
' asterias vulgaris' is the first object called outk
to the note taker."
Prayer. — Clement of Alexandria says: —
"Prayer, if I may speak so boldly, is inter-
course with God. Although we do but lisp,
although we address God without opening the'
lips, in silence, we cry to Him in the inward,
recesses of the heart ; for when the whole
direction of the inmost soul is to Him, God
always hears." Again, when he is wishing
to present the ideal of a devout Christian,
arrived at the maturity of knowledge, the
same writer says: "He will pray in every
place, but not openly, to be seen of men. He
prays in every, situation ; in his walks for
recreation, in his intercourse with others, in
silence, in reading, in all rational pursuits.
And although he is only thinking on God in
the little chamber of the soul, and calling upon
his Father with silent aspirations, God is near
him, and with him, while he is yet speaking."
Neander.
Vesuvius-
All around is spread a magnificent prospect.
Immediately below lies the Atrio, just above
which may be clearly seen the three small
craters which gave rise to the lava of 1858 ;
the current itself may be traced running from
them against the walls of Somma, then turn-
ing to the west, in which direction it is hidden
for some short distance by the more recent i
flows of 1807 and 1868, and again appearing
m some branch like coral, in others bear close [with its ropy structure south of the Salvatore
resemblance to the stamens and petals of I ridge; shorter currents from the same craters
THE FRIEND.
103
ire also seen running eastward, farther into
!he Atrio. Beyond frown the steep and loft}-
iliffs of Somma, a little to the west is the
iidn-e of San Salvatore, a fi-agment of old Som-
iia, standing up amid black lava-flows (1855
□d 1868 on the north, and 17C7, 1858, and
<(\7 on the south). Farther off lie the plain,
ith scattered towns and villages, surrounded
y o-reen vineyards, the beautiful bays of
'apies and Baia>, the islands of Ischia and
rocida, the old volcanic mountains of the
hlegra.\in Fields ; and farther off still, bound-
\g the fertile plain, and marking an old
la-coast, are the higher mountains beyond
ftpua and the snowy Apennines. Turning
om this magnificent prospect, the crater-
. i;e is gained ; the sides are seen to slope
leeply inwards, but the volumes of smoke
. nstantly passing upwards hide the structure
I' the interior except for momentary glimpses,
jjaving the edge of this great smoking cal-
»on, some small holes attract attention, holes
jit more than a yard or so wide, but of un-
hown depth, up which is constantly ascend-
i<r a powerful current of hot air, so that fine
ind or fragments of paper thrown in are at
(ce blown" forcibly out. Passing round the
(ge of the crater, a view to the south is ob
t.ned ; the plain on which Pompeii stood lies
C'sctly below, bounded by the mountains be-
Jod Castellamare, again forming the bound-
ly of the old sea before mentioned. Across
te blue waters of the bay the hills behind
Errento and the island of Capri please the
ee by their soft outline and delicate tint,
^lile black lava-flows form a well-contrasted
f'eground. On the south-east side another
f w of the 1867 lava can be traced ; while
tisc of 1850 and 1S34 run also to the south
c south-east, and, far below, the red craters
cl760 are conspicuous. Having about com-
ptcd the circuit of the crater, the descent
lion the south-west side is very instructive.
]e first part is made very rapidly, plunging
a to the knees in fine black ash (which near
t^ summit is quite hot below the surface),
aumulated about and among the lava-flows
olS3-t. &c. In this easy manner about half
t ' height of the mountain is descended in a
vy short time. The ash is for the most part
vy fine, and on examination is found to con-
t.Q many separate crystals of leucite and
a^eite. The several little red craters of 1794
a; now reached; small model ci-aters, at pre-
B'it very shallow, all close together, and one
Othem double — the birthplace of the lava-
Beam which destroyed Torre del Greco and
ri far out into the sea. Just above these
n:^ht be observed the sudden termination of
anuch more recent stream, presenting the
abearance of a low line of steep cliff, and far
bow, only just above Torre del Greco, may
b noticed the eleven little craters opened out
a ng a straight line in 1861, and which again
tieatened the town with destruction. Soon
a 3r leaving the craters of 1794, the region of
V eyards is once more gained, not before pass-
ii;, however, signs of their former higher ex-
tision, in the shape of ruined huts enveloped
iiava,yet not overthrown. Sometimes a wall
oiava may be seen approaching within a foot
Oioof a hut, which it may partly surround yet
Ej ovei'throw. It seems that such an elastic
T'isting cushion of hot air is entrapped be-
t'!en the hut walls and the lava as to resist
t progress of the latter for some time, though
fiilly it usually curls over the summit of the
delling and envelopes all. As regards the
character of the Vcsuvian products, both lava
and ashes, a good deal of variety is exhibited.
There are the trachytic luffs of earlier erup-
tions associated with leucitic lavas or gre_v-
stones : there are basalts of modern erup-
tions, cr^-stals of augite in a dark matrix ; and
there are modern leucitic lavas. So that we
have the three classes of volcanic rocks rep-
resented.— Hardwicke' s Science Gossip.
For " Till- Kriouil."
Memoirs and Letters of Sarah Hiliman.
(Continued from page 85.)
''1814. Ninth mo. 29th. During the several
days passed since last date, m}- mind has been
favored with an unusual degree of peace ; and,
I trust, with a measure of the heavenly Fath-
er's love, for which I desire to be thankful 1o
him.
Eleventh mo. 11th. I have of latter time
felt the chilling blasts of adversity (if I may
so term it) beating against me; or rather felt
all sense of my heavenly Father's love with-
drawn as behind the curtain. In this state
no consolation, no solid peace, no sweet com-
munion of spirit has been experienced ; but
instead thereof a waste, howling wilderness
to journey through, without a guide or pro-
tector. For when thy light is withdrawn,
dearest Father, — when no»e of thy comfort
is dispensed to us poor, finite beings, what
can we do? Truly we can do nothing with-
out thee. But now I would thank thee for
the change which thou wast pleased to aftbrd
this evening, even comfort and consolation to
my mind ; a sweet serenity, a solemn cover-
ing, more to be prized than the golden wedge
ofOphir. Oh! that thou wouldst enable me
to walk worthy of a continuation of thy favor
from season to season, and to enable me to
perform any little act which thou mayst be
pleased to appoint unto me.
No date. " May I not at this season, dear-
est Father, acknowledge that thou art good;
and that I am vile ; and may I not once more
desire that thou wouldst favor me to see
wherein I have offended, that thou hast seen
meet to prove me again by depriving me of
thy soul-sustaining consolations. I have been
ready to say at seasons, 'I have no hope,'
though I would not give out willingly, but
would rather call upon thee till thou art
pleased to arise and answer. O, that thou
wouldst purge me of all that is displeasing in
thy ])iviue sight, that thou wouldst not spare
nor have pity till thou hast made me whole I
Bring me into sulfering, dearest Father, or
chasten me in any way that thou seest meet,
i-athcrthan let me pass on in forgetfulness or
without regard to thy will, but that I may be
humbled sufBciently and made willing to do
whatever thou mayst appoint unto me, that
so thy favor may not be withdrawn, and that
I may be a grateful receiver of thy manifold
mercies. Enable me, O Lord ! to follow thee
more faithfully; and bo pleased to show me
thy will concerning me, that so by thy Divine
help and strength, I may journey forward,
and at the conclusion of all things here below,
be permitted to enter that glorious city whose
builder thou art; where I may join in ascrib-
ing glory to thee and the dear Son of thy
bosom, Jesus Christ our Lord."
As clearly portrayed in the foregoing me-
moranda, Sarah Hiliman was not permitted
to pass along smoothly and easily without
crosses and exercises; but had, in her mea-
sure, to participate in the cup of suffering the
dear Saviour drank of, and the thoroughly
cleansing baptism He was baptized with;
which, as fairly implied in His communica-
tion to James and John, all His must partake
of. She also understood this baptism to be
with burning and fuel of fire ; designed to
consume not only the dross and the tin, but
the reprobate silver also ; and tiiat there was
no turning from the grave injunction, •' Work
out your own salvation with fear and trem-
bling," ^-c. This tends to ])rcserve from luke-
warmness ; to break up every false, deceitful
rest, and to bring the chastened, meek and
lowly disciple in abasedness and contrition of
soul to the footstool of Christ .Tusus, where
the ear is made and kept attentive to His in-
speaking, still, small voice as the one thing
needful. She even interceded for the fellow-
ship of her Redeemer's sufferings; or in any
way to be taught the discijiline of the cross,
if she could but be preserved from indifference
and disobedience to his will; which, submit-
ted to and obeyed, is our sanctification. To
serve our generation according to His will,
and thus be found among the Lord's faithful
followers in the great day when we shall each
have to give an account of our respective
stewardships, is the one thing, which above
all others, should claim our deepest solicitude
and attention. At the same time we need not
expect to sing the song of the redeemed, or
to be saved with an everlasting salvation,
unless that song be learned here, and now ;
for, as is written, " No man could learn that
song but the hundred and fiftyand four thou-
sand which were redeemed from the earth." '''-
" 1815. First mo. 12th. Though my mind
has not been stayed for some time past suffi-
ciently on God^yet in the riches of his mercy,
He has been pleased again to furnish me with
an evidence that He still regards his children
who desire to serve him, for which I hope to
be thankful ; and this query has run through
my mind, What shall I render to Thee for all
thy mercies? What sAa?; I render? Olthat
I might be enabled to lay down all, even, as
it were, my life at thy feet, to become, dear-
est Father, as passive clay in thy hand, that
thou mayst do with me as is most agreeable
to thee: that in all things I might lie al>le to
say, not my will, O Lord, but thine be done.
" The subject which at present most affects
me, enable me, dearest Father, to cast entirely
upon thee. Be thou pleased to keep near me
and strengthen me for thy work and service;
and O ! when my mind may be clothed with
exercise, and all that is living within me
quickened under a sense of the awfulness of
thy word, and my will humbled and slain be-
fore thee, O ! keep me at these seasons from
running into the work without thy word of
command. Go, and I will go with thee. Bless-
ed Father, enable me now under the present
blessing of serenity and quietness of spirit to
keep my mind stayed upon thee. Suffer me
not again to wander away as one without a
shepherd ; butO ! that thou wouldst help me to
saj-, Do with me as Thou wilt. I greatly de-
sire to be preserved from all worldly-minded-
ness, and to keep my mind, as much as may
be, fixed on Heaven, that so 1 may join in
ascribing praise, with the spirits of just men
made perfect, before the Lamb forever.
"Second mo. 7th. Under a sense of the
goodness of Israel's Shepherd, in thus favor-
ing me to partake of the bounties of his table,
I am induced to offer the tribute of thanks-
giving and praise to his great name : who, I
104
THE FRIEND.
boast not in asserting, hath thus far been
pleased to help, and measurabl}- to preserve
me from the wiles of the enemj% O ! that
ray mind may be stayed in Him, and enabled
to persevere in the way of well-doing. Let
not the gratifications of this world, O my soul,
hinder thee from performing the will of hea-
ven ; but let thy desires be so fixed in the
blessedness of that eternity towards which
thou art travelling as to be able to saj-, Thou
knowest, O Lord, that thy servant desireth
above all other considerations to serve thee
in all things. My mind has been humbled for
some time under a sense of thy mercies and
love to me, a poor, unworthy creature, who
has so often stumbled at thy will ; but I beg
and implore for resignation, and strength, and
wisdom, and understanding, that so I may not
move without thy direction, neither do any
thing to hurt thecause of Truth in the earth ;
Oh no ! rather let me cease to lift up a voice
among the sons of men. But if so be that I
may be the instrument of turning any to the
true fold, I think I may say, I am willing to
spend and to be spent for the honor of Thy
name. O! that this jnight be evinced by mj'
daily conduct and in all my proceedings, that
in the end this glorious call may be held forth :
Come, thou blessed of mj' Father, enter into
the joy of thy Lord ; and not to me only but
to all those whom thou hast visited and in-
vited to thj' table to feed on the heavenly
bread thereof"
CTo be coDtiQQed.3
My spirit craves for more evident marks of
godly simplicity among the Quakers, so-called.
I am ontj of those who mark the boasted
" march of intellect" with a jealous fear. The
refinements of our day seem, in my view, to
draw the mind from under the cross of Christ.
According to my observation, we are not the
plain, unfashionable people that, if faithful,
we should be ; we are too generally inter-
mingled with the manners and maxims of the
times. Everlasting Mercy can yet turn and
overturn, and settle a faithful people. — Mary
Capper.
THE FRIEND.
ELEVENTH MONTH 16, 1873.
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
Foreign. — The Frencli National Assembly met on
the 5th, at Versailles, with a full attendance of mem-
bers. President MacMahon sent a message wliich was
read to the Assembly. He expresses the opinion that
the government absolutely lacks two things essential as
conditions of efhciency. It has neither sutiicient vitality
nor authority. AVith its powers liable to be changed at
any moment it can do nothing durable. He urged the
Assembly to consider the dangers of the situation and
create a strong durable executive, which can energeti-
cally defend society.
The Deputies of the Eight warmly cheered the mes-
sage, and a motion that executive power be conferred
on JIarshal MacMahon fur a term of ten years ; that he
continue to maintain the present form of government
until the constitutional bills are voted, and that a com-
mittee of thirty be appointed to examine said hills wa.s,
after debate, declared " urgent" by a large majority.
On the Olh inst. the Assembly re-elected Butiet as its
President by a unanimous vote, the entire Left declin-
ing to vote. On organizing the bureaus of the Assem-
bly, it was found that the Ilepublicans would have a
majority of one in the committee on the prolongation
of President MacMahon's powers. This result caused
great excitement and, according to the Paris I'resxe, has
induced the Right to agree that MacMahon's term of
office shall be limited to five years, and also that he
shall be officially designated by the title of President of
the Republic. By these concessions the Right gained
over one Republican member, and now have a majority
in the committee.
The Bazaine trial is still progressing. Count Palikao,
Napoleon's last Minister of War, testified in regard to
his acts while in office. He accepted the responsibility
of the march on Sedan, and admitted that he received
in Paris the dispatch from Marshal Bazaine.
All the ministers have tendered their resignations,
but they were not accepted by President MacMahon.
A Paris dispatch of the 11th says: "The excitement
here and at Versailles is subsiding, and it is believed
the crisis is over. Both sides seem disposed to pursue
a conciliatory course. It is anticipated that the com-
promise otfered by the Right will be accepted." Ex-
President Thiers considers that the establishment of a
conservative Republic is assured.
Bismarck, as Chancellor of the Empire, has laid be-
fore the Federal Council the invitation of the United
States government to Germany to participate in the
Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia, with a recom-
mendation that it be accepted.
In the recent elections in Prussia for Deputies to the
Diet, the Liberals have gained fifty members. A Berlin
dispatch sa3's: The German Minister of Finance lias
decided to sell 20,000,000 dollars of silver to the United
States government, which is the highest bidder.
A decree has been promulgated in Rome by the
Italian government for the expropriation of four more
convents in that city.
Another large fire has occurred in Constantinople.
The latest advices from India are more favorable. In
some districts the crops were improving, and with a
continuance of fovorable weather there were hopes that
the apprehended famine might be mitigated if not
wholly avoided.
The steamer Virginius, which has been employed in
carrying arms and ammunition to the Cuban insurgents,
was captureil by the Spanish gunboat Tornado, near
.Jamaica. She had 170 passengers and crew, who with
the vessel and cargo were taken to Santiago de Cuba.
Some of the insurgent leaders were among the prisoners,
of whom four were tried by a military court and exe-
cuted on llie 4th inst. The condemned were the Cuban
Generals Bembeta, Cespedes, Do Sol, and Washington
Ryan.
The Bank of England rate of discount has been ad-
vanced to nine per cent. Heavy shipments of gold to
the United States continue.
Tlie Spanish steamship Murillo, which was seized
at Dover for running into and sinking the emigrant
ship Northfleet, has been condemned and will be sold.
An explosion in a tire works factory, at Lambeth,
caused the immediate death of eight persons and the
injury of a number more.
A steamsliipi from Australia, with 489,000 pounds
sterling in bullion, arrived at London the 4th inst. The
gold will be shipiped to New York.
Alexander Brogden, M. P., delivered an address the
4th inst., at Darlingtdn, in which he stated that he had
been offered 10,000 tons of F'nglish rails, now lying at
New Y'ork, for a price of $10 per ton less than their
original cost.
Lord Derby has made a speech in opposition to the
Ashantee wai". He holds that the British jirotectorate
had better not have been extended to its present dimen-
sions, expresses a doubt whetlier it was wise to take over
the Dutch forts, and protests against any further extent
sion of the same policy.
London, 11th mo. 10th. — Consols, 92J. U. S. sixes,
1867, 95s ; few tive per cents, 89;. There is a money
pressure in London, and loans have been made at 10
and 13 per cent.
Liverpool. — Uplands cotton, S}d.; Orleans. S^d.
Breadstutl's steady.
The total attendance at the Vienna Exposition, ac-
cording to official count, numbered 5,340,073 persons.
A severe engagement between the Carlists and gov-
ernment troops is reported in the province of Navarre,
near Miranda del Arga, in which both sides suflered
greatly. The Carlists claim a victory, but this is denied
at Madrid.
United States. — There were 248 interments in
Philadelphia last week, including 50 deaths of con-
sumption, 12 croup, 15 debility, Iti marasmus, and 11
old age.
The deaths in New Y'ork city last week were 465.
The cost of widening and improving the streets of
the burnt district of Bosion will be $5,070,000.
During the year ending 9th mo. 30lh, 1S73, 20,354
applications for patents were tiled in the Patent Oiiice,
Washington, and 12,999 patents were i.ssued, 235 ex-
tended, and 965 allowed but not yet issued. The fees
received during the same period amounted to $701,65i
which is $2,177 in excess of the expenditures.
The number of vessels built during the past year
greater than that of any year since 1865. The increa
of tonnage has been 258,280 tons. The sailing to
nage has increased 294 vessels and 58,426 tons, t
steam tonnage 262 vessels and 44,891 tons, the can
boat tonnage 885 vessels and 115,615 tons, and the bar
tonnage 117 vessels and 39,348 tons. Owing to the a
Vance of labor and materials abroad, the cost of Ame
can built ships is now but little greater than that oft
best British.
The census of school children in Florida, for 18(
foots up 70,995. Last year it was 62,869.
United States Treasurer Spinner, in his annual]
port, says that there has been a large falling off in t
receipts, amounting to $28,280,704 on customs, ai
$16,912,863 on internal revenue, mainly due to t
great reduction of taxation. Unless taxation is i
creased, or the expenditures of the government reduce
the reduction of the public debt will cease.
I%e Markets, &c. — The following were the quotatic
on the 10th inst. New York. — American gold, 10'
U. S. sixes, 1881, 1121; ditto, 1862, 106;^ditto, 10-
5 per cents, 105. Superfine flour, S4.90 a S5.45 ; St
extra, S6.50 a :i6.15 ; tiner brands, $6.50 a SlO.25. Wh
Michigan wheat, $1.60; white Ohio, S1.50; No. 1 M
waukie, spring, $1.37 J ; No. 2 do., S1.32 ; No. 2 Chics
spring, $1.28. State "barley, $1.20 a $1.30. Oats, '.
a 48o cts. Western mixed corn, 57 a 58 cts. ; yelU
59j a 60^ cts. ; white, 69 a 70 cts. Carolina rice, 6
1\ cts. Brown sugar, OJ a 7 cts. ; refined, 9 j a 10 i
Philadelphia. — Uplands and New Orleans cotton, 13
14J- cts. for middlings. Supertine flour, $4.25 a $4.'
extra, $5 a $5.75; tiner brands, ^6 a $10. Am
wheat, S1..55 a $1.61 ; red, $1.45 a Sl.50 ; No. 1 spri
$1.35 a $1.40. Rye, 80 a 85 cts. Yellow corn, 63 o
western mixed, 60 a 62 cts. Oats, 45 a 51 cts. Smol
hams, 11 a 13 cts. Lard, SJ a 8} cts. Clover se,'
6 a 8 cts. The cattle market was dull and prices lov .
About 3000 beef cattle sold at the Avenue Drove-ya;
extra at 6j a 6} cts. per lb. gross ; fair to good, 5 a 6 i
and common 3 a 41 cts. Sheep sold at 44 a 5i cts. ||
lb. gross, receipts "11,000 head. Hogs, $"6 a $6.25 I
100 lb. net, receipts 9,000 head. Chicago. — No. 1 spr
wheat, 98 a 99 cts ; No. 2 do., 95 cts.; No. 3 86 J
No. 2 mixed corn, 34J cts. Oats, 27 cts. No. 2
barley, $1.23. Lard, 65 cts. Ballimore. — Amber wh:
$1.62 a S1.65 ; red, $1.50 a $1.60. Southern wliite c(i
74 a 75 cts. ; yellow, 66 a 67 cts. ; western mixed, 61 j
Oats, 46 a 50 cts. Cincinnati. — Family flour, $6.2
$6.60. Wheat, $1.25 a $1.30. Old corn, 45 cts. li
70 cts. Oats, 32 a 40 cts.
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
As the stations of Superintendent and Matron of
Institution are expected to be vacated at the close of
Winter Session, in the 4th month next. Friends '
may feel drawn to undertake the duties attachet
them, are requested to communicate thereon witheii
of the following named members of the Committee.
Nathaniel N. Stokes, Cinnaminson Post-of
Burlington Co., N. J.
Charles Evans, No. 702 Race St., Philadelpl
Deborah Rhoads, Haddontield, N. J.
Rebecca S. Allen, No. 335 S. Fifth St., PhU;
FRIENDS' BOARDING SCHOOL FOR INDI
CHILDREN, TUNESASSA, NEW YORK.
A teacher of the school will be wanted at the c
mencemeut of the Spring term.
Application may be made to
Ebenezer Worth, Marshallton, Chester Co., ^
Joseph Scattergood, 413 Spruce St., Philads
Aaron Sharpless, Street Road P. O., Ch(
Co., Pa.
Thomas Wistar, Fox Chase P. O., Philada.
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE
Near Frankford, (Twenty-third Ward,) PhiladMt
Physician and Superintendent — Joshua H. 'SVoi
INGTON, M. D.
Applications for the Admission of Patients ma
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the BoaJ
Managers.
Married, at Friends' Meeting, Birmingham, Ch(JI
Co., Pa., on the 15th nil, Stephen W. SAVEifi^
Parkerville, to Susanna Forsythe, daughter of \J|
For.sythe, of Birmingham.
WILLIAM H. PILE,~PRINT£K.
No. 422 Walnut Street.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. XLVII.
SEVENTH-DAY, ELEVENTH MONTH
1873.
NO. 14.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
ice Two Dollars per annum, if paid in advance. Two
dollars and fifty cents, if not paid in advance.
Subscriptions and Paymenta received by
JOHN S. STOKES,
4T NO. 116 NOETH FOORTH STREET, UP STAIRS,
PHILADELPHIA.
>3tage, wlien paid quarterly in advance, five cents.
Comets.
(Coutinned from puge 9S.,-
halley's comet.
As comets ai-e subject to great changes of
Dpearance, one can never be identified b^-any
ascription of its magnitude, brilliancy, etc..
the time of a previous return. This can be
one only b}" a comparison of orbits. If for
sample, we find the elements of an orbit very
earlj- corresponding in every particular with
lose of a former comet, there is a degree of
robabllity, amounting almost to certainty,
iiat the two are identical. Sir Isaac Newton,
his Principia, published shortly after the
ppearance of the comet of 1682, explained
ow the periods of those mysterious visitors
iight thus be ascertained, thus directing the
ttention of astronomers to the subject. Dr.
lalley soon after undertook a thorough dis-
assion of all the recorded cometary observa-
lons within his reach. In the course of his
vestigations he discovered that the path of
16 comet observed by Kepler in 1607 coin-
ded almost exactly with that of the one
hich passed its perihelion in 1682. Hence
e concluded that they were the same. He
)und also that the comet of 1531, whose
oarse had been particularly observed bj'
.pian, moved in the same path. The interval
atween the consecutive appearances being
early 76 3'ears, Halley announced this as the
me of the comet's revolution, and boldly pre-
icted its return in 1758 or 1759. The law of
Qiversal gravitation had at this time just
'isendi"fecovered and announced. But although
8 application to the determination of plane-
iryand cometary perturbations had not been
3veloped, Halley was well aware that the
ttractive influence of Jupiter and Saturn
light accelerate or retard the motion of the
)met, so as to produce a considerable varia-
on in its period. During the interval from
582 to 1759, the application of the higher
lathematics to ;irobk-ms in physical astrono-
y had been studied with eminent success.
he disturbingeffect of the two large planets,
apiter and Saturn, was computed with al-
•.08t incredible labor by Clairaut, Lalande,
id" Madame Lepaute. The result as an-
ianced by Clairaut to the Academy of Sci-
ences in November, 1758, was that the period
must be 618 days longer than that imme-
diately preceding, and that the comet accord-
ingly would ]iass its perihelion about the 13th
ot April, 1751). It was stated, however, that,
being pressed i'or want of time, they had ne-
glected certain quantities which might some-
what affect the result. The comet, in fact,
passed its perihelion in March, within less
than a month of the jiredicted time. When
it is considered that the attraction of the
earth was nut taken into the account, and that
Uranus, whose influence must have been sen-
sible, had not then been discovered, this must
certainly be regarded as a remarkable ap-
proximation.
But during the next interval of 76 j-ears the
theory of ]jlanctary perturbations hud been
more perfectlj- developed. The masses of
Jupiter and Saturn had been determined with
greater accuracy, and Uranus had been added
to the known members of the planetary sys-
tem. A nearer approximation to the exact
time of the comet's perihelion passage in 1835
was therefore to be expected. Prizes were
offered by two of the learned societies of Eu-
rope— the Academy of Sciences at Turin, and
the French Institute — for the most perfect
discussion of its motions. That of the former
was awarded to Damoiscau, — that of the lat-
ter to Pontccoulant. The times assigned by
these distinguished mathematicians for the
comet's perihelion passage were very nearlj'
the same, and differed but a few days from
the true time. Had the present received mass
of Jupiter been used in the calculations, Pon-
tccoulant, it is believed, would not have been
in error as much as 2-1 hours. It may be pro-
per to remark that, during the entire period
from 1759 to 1835, the position of Neptune
was such that it couM produce no consider-
able effect on the motion of the comet.
This interesting object will again return
about 1911.
Prom the earlier descriptions of this comet
we infer that its brilliancy is gradually di-
minishing. In 1456 its tail, which was slightly
curved like a sword or sabre, extended two-
thirds of the distance from the horizon to the
zenith. The appearance of such an object, in
a grossly superstitious age, excited through-
out Europe the utmost consternation. The
Moslems had just taken Constantinople, and
were threatening to advance westward into
Europe. Pope Calixtus III., regarding the
comet as confederate with the Turk, ordered
prayers to be offered three times a day for
deliverance from both. The alarm, however,
was of short duration. Within ten daj's of
its appearance the comet reached its peri-
helion. Receding from the sun, the sword-
like form began to diminish in brilliancy and
extent; and finally, to the great relief of Eu-
rope, it entirely disappeared.
The perihelion passage of 1456 was, until
recently, the earliest known. It was shown
by Laugier, however, in 1843, that among the
notices of comets extracted b^- Edward Biot
from the Cliinese records, were observations
of a body in 137S, which was undoubtcdlj' the
comet of Halley. Further researches among
those annals enabled the same astronomer to
recognize two ancient returns, one in 760, the
other in 451. Still more recently the distin-
guished English astronomer, Mr. Hind, has
traced back the returns to the j-ear 11 B.C.
Ho remarks, however, that previous to that
epoch, "the Chinese descriptions of comets
are too vague to aid us in tracing any more
ancient appearances," and that " European
writers of these remote times render us no
assistance." Let us now inquire whether the
comet had probably made any former ap-
proach to the sun in an orbit nearly iilentical
with the present. It is well known that the
modern period of this body is considerably
less than the ancient. Thus, the mean ])oriod
since A. D. 1456 has been 75.88 years; while
from 11 B. c. to 1456 a. d. it was 77.27 j'oars.
In determining the approximate dates of
former returns, the ancient ]5eriod should evi-
dently be employed. Now, it is a remarkable
fact that of more than 70 comets, or objects
supposed to be comets, whose appearance was
recorded during the si.x centuries immediately
preceding the year 11 B.C., but one — that of
166 B. c. — was observed at a date correspond-
ing nearly to that of a former return of
Halley's comet. Of this object it is merely
recorded that "a torch was seen in the heav-
ens." Whether this was a comet or some
other phenomenon, it is impossible to deter-
mine. But as the comet of Halley was more
brilliant in ancient than in modern times, it
seems highly improbable that seven consecu-
tive returns of so conspicuous an object should
have been unrecorded, especially as twelve
comets per century were observed during the
same period. It would appear, therefore,
that the perihelion passage of 11 B.C. was in
fact the first ever made by the comet, or at
least the first in an orbit nearly the same as
the present.
The motion of Halley's comet is retrograde.
The point of its nearest approach to the sun
is situated within the orbit of Venus. Its
greatest distance from the centre of the sys-
tem is nearly twice that of Uranus, or .36
times that of the earth. The comet is, con-
sequently, subject to great changes of tempera-
ture. When nearest the sun its light and heat
are almost four times greater than the earth's;
when most remote, they are 1200 times less.
In the former position, the sun would appear
much larger than to us ; in the latter, his ap-
parent diameter would not greatly exceed
that of Jupiter, as viewed from the earth. It
would be diflScult to conjecture what the con-
sequences might be, were our planet trans-
ported to either of these extremes of the come-
tary path. In the perihelion, the waters of
the ocean would undoubtedly be reduced to a
state of vapor ; in the aphelion, they would be
solidified by congelation.
106
THE FRIEND.
ENOKE S COMET.
It was formerly supposed that all comets
have their aphclia far beyond the limits of the
planetary system. In 1818, however, a small
comet was discovered by Pons, the orbit of
which was subsequently found to be wholly
interior to that of Jupiter. Its elements were
presented by Bouvard, in 1819, to the Board
of Longitude at Paris. The form and position
of the orbit wore immediately found to cor-
respond with those of a comet observed by
several astronomers in 1805. The different
appearances were consequently regarded as
returns of the same body. Its elliptic orbit
was calculated by Encke, who found its period
to be only about three years and four months.
Its perihelion is within the orbit of Mercurj' ;
its aphelion, between the asteroids and the
orbit of Jupiter.
Encke's comet is invisible to the naked eye,
except in very favorable circumstances ; it
has no tail; its motion, like that of the planets,
is from west to east; and its orbit is inclined
about 13° to the ecliptic.
A comparison of the successive periods of
this interesting object has led to the discover^'
that its time of revolution is gradually dimin-
ishing ; a fact regarded by Encke and other
astronomers as indicating the existence of an
ethereal medium.
biela's comet.
The discovery of Encke's comet of short
period was followed, in 1826, by that of an-
other, whose revolution is completed in about
six years and eight months. It was observed
on the 27th of February, by M. Biela, an
Austrian officer ; accordinglj^ it has since been
known as Biela's comet. Ou computing its
elements and comparing them with those of
former comets, it was found to have been ob-
served in 1772 and 1805. Damoiseau having:
passage. The comet's non-appearance in 1866
and its greatly diminished magnitude in 1872
leave no room to doubt its progressive disso-
lution. This subject will again be referred to
in discussing the phenomena of meteoric
showers.
(To be continued.)
Selected for "The Friend."
Letter of Robert Jordan, of North Carolina.
dated 1736.
I am often cast down at the evidence of
false ministry prevailing in many places, and
am weary of contending in spirit against it,
though not weary of suffering for the truth.
It is a clear and uncontrovertible fact, that in
proportion to the declension of religion, in the
root and life, preaching increases, to the les-
sening the credit and authority of the minis-
try, and rendering it contemptible. I am
confirmed in my judgment, and have been
many years, that as the ministry was, and
the sincere ministry y&i is, instrumental to
gather the churches, it is now proceeding
apace to scatter them, and this through the
working of the mystery of iniquity, with the
heat and forwardness of man's spirit. To
some, yea to many, that silence and passive-
ness of mind, so essential to the performance
of these calm, meek and deliberate acts of wor-
ship), is as strange and irksome, as it is by
their conduct rendered useless to the people.
But though we cannot help seeing, we are
told we must say nothing, all is revelation,
all is perfect, and there is great peace. To
put it out of all doubt, we are often told they
are under a mighty sense of life and power,
are under heavy burdens, and sore exercises ;
but whether they lay them on themselves or
not, I shall not determine. These find it
easier to do than to suffer, till the Master
gives direction and makes way. Some mea
calculated the dimensions of the comet's ellip- sure their service by their noise, and would
tic path and the time of its return, announced " ' '" '
as the result of his computations the remark-
able fact that the orbits of the earth and comet
intersect each other, and that the comet wouLd
cross the earth's path on the 29th of October,
1832. This produced no little alarm among
the uneducated, especially in France. Even
some journalists are said to have predicted the
destruction of our globe by a collision with
the comet. When the latter, however, passed
the point of intersection at the predicted
time, the earth was at a distance of 50,000,000
miles.
At the return of 18-15-6, Biela's comet ex-
hibited a most remarkable appearance. In-
stead of a single comet, it appeared as two
distinct bodies moving together side by side,
at a distance from each other somewhat less
than that of the moon from the earth. As-
tronomers, anxious to determine whether the
cometary fragments had continued separate
during an entire revolution, awaited the next
return with no ordinary interest. The two
bodies appeared at the predicted time (Sep-
tember, 1852;") their distance apart having in-
creased to 1,250,000 miles. In 1859 the comet,
onaccountofitsproximity to the sun, entirely
escaped detection. At the return in 1S65-6
the position of the object was quite fiivorable
for observation, yet the search of astronomers
was again unsuccessful. In 1872 the body
escaped detection both in Europe and America.
One fragment was seen, however, at Madras,
India, on the mornings of the 2d and 3d of
prove a divine gift by human art and extasy;
and while they are full of peace and joy, the
church mourns. Even prophesying is coming
pretty much into practice, several instances
of which have proved false and ridiculous.
Some who preach up self-denial and mortifica-
tion, can hardly bear contradiction, much less
reproof, and though they preach up humility'
they aspire to the chief seats and uppermost
rooms.
I believe this ministry has a direct ten-
dency to promote infidelity, by giving ground
of suspicion, that the noble principle, the holy
unction, the light and superadded grace that
comes by Jesus Christ, is either uncertain or
dangerous to follow. The nature of man is
subject to extremes, being apt to step out of
a state of superstition into that of unbelief
In short I may conclude by sa_ying with John
Fothergill, "that the distemper in the minis-
try, is the greatest in the church." R. J.
For "The Friend."
Scientific Notes.
A gigantic fungus, known as the Bank of
England fungus, was an object of much atten-
tion at a recent fungus exhibition of the En-
glish Eoyal Horticultural Society. This im-
mense fungus was found on a plank of Baltic
fir, supported by a joist of British oak, and it
has been suggested that the growth of this
ai
and similar fungi is assisted, if not generated
by an action between the two kinds of wood,
similar to the galvanic effect produced by the
December, — several weeks after its perihelion [opposition of two different metals.
As an instance of the effect of soil upon th
color of flowers, it is mentioned that a plan
of the Lilium coridion was transjjianted int(
heath soil, when the flowers changed fron
sulphur yellow to red.
At a recent meeting of the French Associa
tion for the Advancement of Science in Lyone
it was stated by Prof Gerai'd, in an interest
ing lecture on the recent progress of chemica
industries, that the production of beet suga:
in France, had increased from three millioi
kilogrammes in 1836 to four hundred and fiftj
millions, and that the beet furnished in addi
tion more than 6,000 tonsof potash per annum
Potash is also largely obtained from salt water
This branch of industry received, a few yean
ago, a severe and unexpected blow, on -the
discovery at Stassfurt, in Saxony, of enor
mous beds of native chloride of potassium
the appearance of which in the Europeai
market brought down the price in one da]
from 55 to 22 francs per 100 kilogrammes
The manufacturers who derived their supplie;
from the sea were not discouraged however
but by changes and improvements in thei
processes, have continued to furnish a largij
supply of potash to European commerce,
One of the excursions of the association wa
to Solutre, where there are many vestiges o
what is supposed to be pre-historic man, bu
which is particularly characterized by
extraordinary accumulation of broken ani
calcined bones of horses. It is estimated tha
nearly 40,000 carcases of horses have beei
gathered here.
Prof Dyer, recently read a paper before th
British association, on the changes in th
vegetation of South Africa, caused by the in
troduction of merino sheep. He commence'
by referring to the fact, that civilization an
merino sheep had introduced one obnoxiou
weed, the A'anthium &pinosum, into the shee
walks of South Africa. Its fruit getting int
the wool had seriously injured its value. Th
sheep, in connection with overstocking th
farms in the inland districts of the Cape, wei
doing very serious injury by eating down th
better and more agreeable plants, and givin
room to poisonous and bitter ones. So grea
had been the increase of these, that it was nOT!
dangerous to have stock on many farms, whia
formerly were free from any injurious herbi
Long stretches of the colony abounded
plants which, when eaten by the oxen, cause
their intoxication, to the serious hindrance c
transport.
In a recent communication to the Vienn
Academy. Prof. Czermak investigated som
curious phenomena occurring amongthelowe
animals. More especially, he examined on
which has long been known, viz. ; that if
shy hen be caught and held down to th
ground for a little time, and if a chalk line b
drawn on the ground from its beak, or in cro£
direction from its eyes, it will become quit
still and helpless, and make no attempt
escape after the hands are removed. Keichei
in the 17th centurj', attributed this effect t
the influence of the chalk line on the hen'
imagination. The essential point appeal
to be the arresting of the animal's attention b'
some object put before its eyes. The sam
effect nvAj be obtained by holding a finger 0
glass ball, a candle, &.Q., before the space be
twoen the eyes. This paper contains man;
curious fixcts on the subject.
Recentl}' a gardener in England was charg
ed with murder before the criminal court, bj
THE FRIEND.
107
ivina;a fellow servant poisonous mushrooms
;i cut. Three persons were dangerouslj- poi-
uicd with them, and one actually died, j-et
lierc was no reason to suspect the poisoner
t any intentional injury. The fungi so
losolv resemliled edible mushrooms, that a
killed witness saw nothing to distinguish
hem.
A correspondent of the English Mechanic,
mting from India, and .speaking of the rapid
;rowth of vegetation in that warm and moist
limate says, he has measured a growth of
ight inches in the bamboo in twenty-four
lOurs, and twelve inches in a creeper ia the
ame time.
For " The Friend."
John neald.
fCoDtinned from page 98.)
3d mo. 6th, 1817. " At Hopewell Meeting, I
nas led to treat on the attendance of religious
neetings. I commiserated the trials and diffi-
iulties of women, who are desirous to attend
meetings, but whose husbands are too busy.
Sometimes they have a young child added to
ill their difficulties, and must either stay
away, or carry it along. It appears to me
that such stand in need of encouragement. I
would rather put up with some noise than
iiscourage them. There are many women
who have great difficulties to go through,
ind I wish they may be encouraged to press
through. It may be, if such are faithful, that
as the unbelieving husband is sanctified by the
wife, the foithfulness of the wives may be
blessed to the husbands, to their preservation
and furtherance. After considerable encour-
agement to women, I sat down, but soon I
turned to the men, and took the words I
had made use of, in regard to men being too
busy at sometimes, and so anxious to accumu-
late or amass wealth, that they could not
spare time from that employ. But try, my
brethren, and consider timely whether the
excuse will do. On this I enlarged and it be-
came a time of stirring up.
7th. At Sandy Spring, I said, Whereunto
shall I liken the rnen of this generation. They
are like children sitting in the market-place,
;and calling one to another, saying, we have
and I believe that such who have salt in them-
selves will not be looking out to others to sup-
pl}- them with that which they ought to have
inthemselves. It was dull, slow labor for a
considerable time, but keeping to the labor
and exercise, way opened to move on more
quickly, and in the end Truth reigned. .My
mind was remarkably turned to the j-outh, of
whom there were a large number present.
On the whole I think it was a good meeting.
The invitation to them was sweet, encourag-
ing and living, and my soul breathed lor their
preservation, and I rejoiced in the accomplish
mcnt of the labor at that time.
12th. Attended New Garden Select Quar
terly Meeting. It was as much favored as any
I now remember to have attended, and I found
it best for me to sa}' that the present owning
of calming quietude and love spread over and
impressed on our minds was, I believed, de-
signed to strengthen for future labor and at-
tention to duty.
13th. Were at New Garden Quarterly Meet-
ing held at Deep Eiver. It was large, and I
sat quiet till near the time to turn to the busi-
ness, when I said a remark or two attends my
mind. One is, the work if ever it is done must
be done at home ; that it is not necessary to
come here to get others to do it for us. The
next is, we may view that as being at a dis-
tance, which may be near, that is the most
awful moment we shall ever experience, the
close of time. A due attention is therefore
necessary to be getting in readiness for that
time. Near the close of the business Jeremiah
Hubbard mentioned the prevailing scarcitj' of
bread, wishing Friends to give heed to aiding
the poor of every class among the people, and
not to be partial, but to relieve wherever they
could.
After the conclusion of the meeting," J. H.
adds, " I felt very comfortable, and expected
to go on the day following towards home, but
coming near and passing by New Garden
Meeting-house, and at times for days before,
I felt my mind inclined to attend a meeting
at this place on First-day next, which could
not be without staying two days more. Feel-i
ing inclined to have an opportunity with the
members of our Society alone, belonging to
Hopewell Particular Meeting, I passed the
night and wore the exercise secretly, only
said to my companion when going to bed
alone, I do not know but we shall have to be
at New Garden next First-day. Next morn-
ing finding it to rest weightily on my mind,
I let it be known to Friends, and they en-
couraged me to attend to my exercise.
The meeting at Hopewell on the 15th was
trying in the forepart, but towards the close,"
J. H. says: '' My mind rejoiced in feeling that
the Truth reigned, the precious influence
whereof spread, to the tendering of the minds
of many. Oh, how good is the humbling,
melting influence of Divine love. My soul
rejoiced in secret, and I left this meeting with
comfort.
l(5th, and First of the week. We again at-
tended New Garden Meeting. It was large
and a great number of comely youth were pre-
sent. My mind was laden with concern. In
the beginning, I acknowledged the great favor
of improving in silence, and held out the idea
that the enjoyment to be experienced in that
improvement exceeded earthly enjoyments.
That such as came feelingly to know it for
themselves, would have a sense like the Queen
of Sheba had, when she came from the utter-
most parts of the earth to hear the wisdom of
Solomon ; she said one-half had not been told
her. I also expressed that my mind in the
present journey had been clothed with a sense
of mourning from day to day, and from week
to week, on account of my fellow mortals,
who, through unfaithfulness and inattention,
had lived without this knowledge, and with-
out giving attention to the momentous con-
cern, and had suft'ercd their minds to go after
the delights and vanities of the world. These
delights seemed to be all they possessed, and
with them they seemed to be satisfied. In
conclusion, the spirit of supplication breathed
forth through me for the people to be divinely
favored, both aged and youth as well as the
middle-aged. Oh blessed be the great and
adorable name of the Lord, who in mercy
afforded strength and ability so far to accom-
plish the work for which I came, that I feel
my mind peacefully calm, and I believe it has
been to the satisfaction of well-disposed Friends
and others, as far as I know.
After meeting we called to see a man who
had his leg broken six months and more, and
is still unable to walk and suffers much pain.
We had a solid opportunity with him and
family; then again to Benajah Hiatt's, and
had an opportunity at parting with that dear
family, whom I love, and who have rendered
us acceptable service."
The next day J. H. left for home, and on
the 20th attended South Eiver Meeting. Of
this he says, "there were in attendance not
more than ten men apd a less number of wo-
men, and here it may be noted that they have
but this one meeting to make a Preparative,
Monthly, and a Quarterly Meeting. In the
course of the sitting, I stated that there is
that which withholdeth more than is meet,
and it tendeth to poverty. This I believe,
though it might bear on the ministry, would
alsobearinstruction to other classes of society,
for each have a duty to perform, and if it is
neglected it tends to poverty in these as well
as in ministers. Secret neglect of duty, I am
induced to believe, may tend to spread poverty
over an assembly at times. The prophet ex-
pressed. How is the gold become dim, and the
most fine gold changed ; the precious sons of
Zion, comparable to fine gold, how are they
esteemed as earthen pitchers! What a cau-
tion, to show the effects of unfaithfulness I"
After this meeting, .1. H. not feeling re-
lieved, remained in the neighborhood till
the next First-day, in the meantime visiting
several families, in which but little opening
presented for any religious service. In the
meeting on First-day a degree of solemnity
attended the vocal labor, but the discouraged
preacher thought that what was said did not
seem to take much hold of those present, and
would probably soon slip away and be for-
gotten. He adds this ejaculation, "O that
they may timely prepare for their latter end I"
They crossed the Blue Eidge at Rockfish
Gap, and entered the valley of the Shenan-
doah, and after attending a few meetings in
the settlements of Friends through which
their road passed, J. H. reached home on the
9th of 4th mo, 1817, and found his wife and
femily well, and was favored with " a sense
that the work was finished for which I had
left my home."
(To be coDtinued.)
Deliberate long of what thon canst do but
once.
108
THE FRIEND.
Selected
A LOWLY LIFE-PSALM.
" Whom have I in heaven but Thee ? and there is
none upon earth that I desire beside Thee." — Psalm
Ixxiii. 25.
All gone, all gone, for this life gone.
My days of health and strength ;
Wearied and worthless, glad were I,
To welcome home at length :
And yet I'm haj^pier far in troth
Than e'er I was in buoyant youth ;
For, Jesus, Thou art more to me
Than health and strength and youth could be.
All gone, all gone, for this life gone,
Dear hopes most fondly nursed ;
They glittered long around my path,
Till each bright bubble burst.
I wept; but oh ! the blest despair
Has led me heaven's own joys to share;
For, Jesus, Thou art more to me
Than Hope's fond dreams fulfilled could be.
All gone, all gone, for this life gone,
My soul's elastic spring;
Of vigor stript, I shrink aside,
A crushed and useless thing:
Yet this is gain ; for thus I prove
Far more His patient, pitying love;
And sweeter, safer this tome
Than self-reliant strength could be.
And going fast, while most are gone.
Loved friends of early days ;
The world grows stranger year by year
I lose, but not replace.
'Tis well ! I'm cast the more on One;
Stars scarce are missed while shines the Sun ;
And, Jesus, Thou art more to me
Than loved and loving hearts could be.
Dear Lord, I thankful k^ss the hand
That gently stripped me bare.
And laid me on Thy tender breast.
To lose my sorrow there :
'Twas anguish when earth's cup was spilled,
But now with Thee 'tis overfilled ;
F'or, Jesus, Thou art more to me
Than all earth's brimming cups could be.
What grace ! (o show a soul so vile
Thy more than mother's care,
And lead through wreck of earth's poor joys,
Thy joys with Thee to share.
What grace ! That Thou to such hast given
The foretaste now offcast in heaven ;
The foretaste even now, to me,
More than a thousand worlds could be.
— The Witness.
«-»
Selected.
TIME.
The lapse of time and rivers is the same;
Both speed their journey with a restless stre.am ;
The silent pace with which they steal away.
No wealth can bribe, no prayers persuade to stay ;
Alike irrevocable both when past,
And a wide ocean swallows both at last.
Though each resemble each in every part,
A difierence strikes at length the musing heart:
Streams never How in vain ; where streams abound.
How laughs the land, with various plenty crown'd|
But time, that should enrich the nobler luind,
Neglected, leaves a dreary waste behind.
Cou'per.
*-♦
The Red River Raft. — There is now a cer-
tain prospect that the great raft, which has
been an obstruction in the Red river, in Lou-
isiana, ever since the advent of white men in
this countrj-, will soon be removed, and that
navigation will be opened for steamer.s from
Shreveport,-La., to Jefferson, Texas. The
history of the raft and the attempts to remove
it is exceedingly interesting. In 1805, the ob-
struction of logs reached one hundred miles.
Since that time rafts have formed at various
points in the river near Shreveport. One of
these was removed by Captain Shreve in 18.30,
by the help of a Congressional appropriation,
and another between 1840 and 1844, under a
government contract by Gen. Williamson. In
1854, the raft region extended only twelve
miles, and at that time Captain Fuller, aided
by a Congressional appropriation of $150,000,
attempted to remove it. At the end of two
years, however, the aiipropriatiou had been
exhausted and nothing accomplished, and, the
work being abandoned, the obstruction began
to increase. The present raft region extends
thirty-five miles, from a point fortj' miles
above Shreveport to the Arkansas State line,
and contained, before the present work com-
menced, nearly fifty rafts, from one-eighth of
a mile to a mile in length, and occupying the
entire width of the river, navigation only being
accomplished through the baj'ous around the
raft, but, as these were onlj' available at very
high water, navigation was insignificant. In
1871 the attention of the Engineering Depart
ment was again directed to this work, and an
appropriation of $10,000 having been made
by Congress, the work of preliminaiy survej--
iug was intrtisted to Lieutenant Woodruff,
who completed it in 1872, and submitted plans
and specifications for the removal of the raft,
whereupon an appropriation of 8150,000 was
made. The plans were accepted, and Lieu-
tenant Woodruff' reached the raft region in
January last with a snag-boat, two crane-
boats and all the requisite machinerj- for his
work. The following description shows the
difficulties to be overcome:
Logs, roots and snags of every description
had been crowded and jammed into a tancfled
mass, becommg more compact each year as
the pressure from above increased. Annual
freshets had brought down mud and deposited
it in and over this mass until, in places, the
raft itself had become entirely covered with
earth, small islands, or "tow-heads," thus
being formed. Upon these tow-heads were
growing trees, usually willows, three feet and
more in circumference.
In addition to the removal of logs liy saw-
ing and cutting, blasting-powder was used,
but it did not prove of any use. Dynamite
was then tried, but failed, refusing to explode
even with an electrical exploder. At last
nitro-glycerine was brought into use, and it
never failed to do its work thorough)}'. All
that remains to be done now is the blowing
out of some tow-heads and improving certain
points in the channel, which will be accom-
plished in a few weeks. The obstruction of]
ly Counsellor within, I should have beet-
strengthened to utter a few words in oui
women's meeting, which would have yieldet
peace. But, O clearest Father, I would bet
and implore thy mercy and forgiveness foi
this error, and hope, if consistent with thj
Divine will, thou wilt open the eye of mj:
mind to see and understand thy good pleasun
concerning me! O Lord, be pleased to gran'
strength, that so I may not stumble nor fall
I believe it was not so much through disobe
dience, as a fear of not being bidden to pui
forth my hand to the ark, remembering the
example of Uzza who incurred the Divint
wrath by putting forth the hand without thj
mandate. O ! be pleased, dearest Father, tc
grant that thy visited children may be fee
and sustained by thee; that they may nol'
faint nor grow weaiy ; but may run the race
set before them with alacrity and cheerfulness
of heart: counting (as did the apostle) al
things but as dross that they may win Christ, .
So, 0 Father, maj'est thou never want a man
to sit on the throne of David ; but mayest thou
anoint judges as at the first, and counsellon
as at the beginning, who shall run at thy bid-
ding and publish thy name from sea to sea
and from the rivers to the ends of the earth'
Hereby many nations shall flow together say-
ing, ' Come ye, and let us go up to the moun-
tain of the Lord, to the house of the God of
Jacob ; and he will teach us of his ways, andi
we will walk in his paths,' &c. Then shall
thy dear Son, the Lord Jesus Christ, be all in
all to us; and we become encircled in Thy
heavenly embraces, and enabled to join the
general assembly and church of the first born
whose names are written in heaven, and sing
praises evermore to thee in thy holy habita-
tion. Amen, saith my spirit.
7th mo. 20th. Many and various have been'
the exercises through which I have passed
since my pen has moved in this wa_y. Somei
of tbem have been occasioned by want of at-i
tention to that Teacher within, who, did we'
duly heed, would be as a lantern to our feet
and a guide to our path. I have at times been;
favored to feel the deseendings of Heavenly'
dew upon my heart, for which 1 desire ever
to be thankful ; being fully assured of the dec-
laration, ' Without Me ye can do nothing.'
Unless thou art pleased, dearest Ftither, to
help us from thy sanctuary, it is vain for ns
to labor. LTnless Thy light shine in our hearts
centuries will then have been removed by the and diffuse itself there, we cannot but be
kill and perseverance of Lieutenant Wood-
ruff'. The saddest part of the record of this
great work is that Lieut. Woodruflf has not
lived to finish it, having died of yellow fever
at Shreveport, October Ist. — Late Paper.
• »
For "The Friend."
Memoirs aiitl Letters of Sarah Ilillman.
(ContiQued from page 104.)
"1815. 5thmo. 22d. Attended our Monthly
Meeting, which was large. In it the sjiring
of the gospel was mercifully opened, and the
streams thereof were spread among us to the
refreshing of the weary traveller; so that well
may we adopt the language, How beautiful
upon the mountains tire the feet of those that
publish the glad tidings of peace and salva-
tion. Many, I trust, were encouraged, as was
I also, to put their trust in Israel's Shepherd,
who is indeed as formerly to His dedicated
children, strength in weakness, riches in pov
darkness. As the heath in the desert, we
know not when good cometh. O then, that
thou wouldst be pleased to illuminate our
hearts, and teach us the way wherein we
should walk I Let not the enemy of our souls
have any power over us; but sanctify us to
thyself a peculiar people, zealous of good
works.
12th mo. 1st. I have, this day, displeased
my beloved parent by giving way to passion,
a destructive, baneful thing to the peace of
individuals, and even to society- at large. Con-
demnation seizes on the mind! This is of
moment; but of how much greater import-
ance is it when I reflect, that I have offended
a greater and heavenly Parent, even He who
has done so much for me, who has led me and
fed me all mj- life long. My soul can but ac-
knowledge that He has dealt bountifully with
me; not according to my deserts, but accord-
ing to his great mercies. May I be more
erty and a present help in every needful time, watchful hereafter, and if it should be con-
1 believe had I simply attended to the heaven- 1 sistent with thy blessed will, dearest Father,
THE FRIEND.
109
. forgive the sins of tby servant, and to en-
)li' me to move forward in that waj' which
I fowl knoweth, 1 hope I shall stand firm.
hull art able to make thy children strong
'hen the grand adversary, who is going about
i destroy, presents his baits. Under what-
■er garb he ajipears, strengthen mo to say,
iJet thee beliind me, Satan, for thou savorest
^t the things that be of God,' &c. Then will
V jieace flow as a river. Then will joy till
0 heart. O! that this may at overj- future
ason be my experience, that so my conduct
ay not bring reproaclti on thee, O Lord, nor
iat gospel which thou earnest to introduce.
lSi(J. 5th mo. 2d. M}' mind is, I fear, too
nch engrossed with the things of time, too
uch enveloped in the concerns of this lading
orld, to make that progress which would be
easing to the great I Am, who has been call-
g and inviting me to come to Him and par-
ko freely of the bounties of his table. He
IS at .seasons condescended to pour forth of
s spiritual blessings so that my cup has run
■t:;-. But I have been drawn aside to par-
k^' again of tlie trifling amusements of this
uild, which are indeed vanitj-; and have
)US brought myself into distress and suffer-
g; in which state of abasedness, O! that I
ay be enabled to adopt the language, Lot
)t thine hand spare, nor thine eye pity, till
lOu hast made of me what thou wouldst have
■e to be.
■ 12th mo. nth. My soul, thou hast been favor-
latseasons with the descendings of Heavenly
'w ; thou hast felt the operations of Divine
vc upon thee ; but what dost thou know of
ao ri'ligion ? What progress hast thou made
ward the New Jerusalem? What hast thou
ine to the honor of God? Nothing in com-
irison to His goodness and to His unmerited
ercy, in that He has been pleased to visit
id invite thee to his banqueting house where
s banner over thee has indeed been love.
It thou hast revolted again and again when
.e has been pleased to make known His will
iKerning thee, and presentations have been
lule to thy mind of crosses — for the Divine
11 is contrarj' to our corrupt nature, there-
ire leads to crosses — how hast thou shrunk
ck from partaking of the cup ! But grant,
' dearest Father, that my will maj' be slain
■ the sword of thy Spirit, that so in all things
may say, 'Not my will but thine, O Lord,
i doue.' Make me to go down to the potter's
luse, and become passive in Thy hand, O
. iid, that so thou ma3'est make of me, and
' with me as seems good unto thee. For
' i"U art worthy to have the dominion ; and
' h'ss this passive state is attained unto, thou
'iixt not reign in us. Dearest Father, suft'er
M the enemy to triumph over me; but be
]3ased to grant that I may never be plucked
I I of thy holy hand. Let my soul ever praise
1oe in heights and in depths, in sickness or
i health, in the dark winter season, as in the
Hishine of the sabbath day."
' Tery noticeable is the fact that dear Sarah
-illman's life at this period was much one of
]ayer. This seems to have been her strong
1 Id, as a prisoner of hope, when disappoint-
);'nts came, or when conflicts and crosses, or
'on awounded spirit — which was not unfre-
< ently the case — fell to her lot. This, which
Is been the consolation and refuge of the
ijhteous in every age, was now her hope and
1 fuge. And He, who is a God hearing prayer,
< i not let her plead in vain. Spiritual growth
i lows spiritual prayer — that which is of the
Saviour's begetting or which Ho prompts to.
For when grace teaches the heart, then the
heart makelh wise the lips. While the iunnal,
or head-taught oft'ering is but a lifeless thing,
this, like the earnest, humble pleading of the
poor publican is a thing of life ; being recog-
nized b}- Him who seeth in secret, and in
whose ear the most hidden, heart-felt sighs
and cries and groans are as audible as ihe
most manifest ort'ering. That wliich called
forth these repeated, childlike intercessions
from S. H. was the deep feeling of want, of
weakness, of helplessness, and that without
Christ, the Head, she could do nothing. They
are the cries of the child to its fond, loving
Parent. The pleadings of penury in the ears
of Sovereign mercy; who hath said, "Call
upon me in the day of trouble, and I will de-
liver thee, and thou shalt glorify me."
It is said that the Lord seldom gives His
people much of a victory over the enemies of
their own houses, until he has let them feel
how potent and deep seated these enemies
are ; and that in Him alone is the strength of
salvation. This makes Sarah Hillman cry
out. Grant, dearest Father, that all that Thy
righteous controversy is with may be slain
by the sword of thy Spirit. Suffer not the
enemy to triumph over me ; and also that 1
may never be plucked out of thy holy hand.
It is when, through the inshiningsof the light
of Christ, we are brought to a sense of our
estrangement from the Father by sin — brought
to a sense of our impotency, and to feel the
plague of our own hearts, that we eff'octnally
apply to the Phj'sician of value for that balm,
which, to the contrite, the passive and self-
abased is ever forthcoming for, is adequate to,
and mighty to heal all the wounds from which,
as fallen and lost creatures, we suffer : for
with the Lord is mercy and plenteous redemp-
tion. And while the Captain of salvation
ever leads those that follow Him first into
the wilderness, or a separation from the spirit,
manners and maxims of this world, and into
" a land not sown," yet, in bis own good time,
He will give these vineyards from thence, and
cause to sing unto Him songs of praise and
thanksgiving on the peaceful shores of resig-
nation, rest, and ultimate deliverance.
(To be continued.)
For "Tlie Fricml."
On the Parallax and Distance of the Sun.
It has been a matter of great importance to
astronomers to ascertain, not only the exact
form and dimensions of our globe, but also its
true distance from the centre of our system.
By patient research and laborious measure-
ment of arcs of meridians in different parts of
the world, both the true figure of the earth
and its absolute size have been satisfactorily
ascertained. An inaccurate estimate of the
earth's diameter, caused Newton to drop for a
time his theory of Universal Gravitation; but
some sixteeen years afterwards, viz. in 1682,
having heard the results of Picard's celebrated
measurement of the meridional arc between
Paris and Amiens, which had been completed
severals years before, Newton, with the more
accurate knoweledge thus furnished him of
the earth's diameter, and consequentl}- of the
size of the lunar orbit, computed again the
effect of the earth's attraction at the distance
of the moon, and found, to his inexpressible
delight, that it completely confirmed his the-
ory.
The distance of the earth from the sun, is
the great natural unit that is employed in ex-
pressing the distances of the other ])lanet8
i'rom the centre of our system, the standard
yard measure, as it has been a]nly called, not
only of the solar system, but also of the im-
mense universe of suns that stretches in every
direction around us. Although the relative
tlistances of the planets from the sun have
been pretty accurately known since the time
of Kepler, the absolute distance (in miles) of
anj- one of them, remained for a long time a
matter of great uncertainty. It was not, indeed,
until about a century ago, that any reliable ap-
])roximation was made to the true distance of
the sun from the earth. In the early days of
astronomj-, the form and position of the plan-
etary orbits were unknown : the sun, the
moon, the planets, and the fixed stars, were
all crowded round the earth at distances of
which no conception was formed; and their
apparent motions in the heavens were com-
pletely misunderstood. One of the Greek
philoso])hers (we do not remember who it
was), when inquired of as to the size of the
sun, answered : that it was just as large as it
appeared to be! Anaximander (born about
filO B. C), the friend and disciple of Thales,
ventured the conjecture that it was not less
than the earth. But Anaxagoras, although
he lived a hundred years later, was more
moderate in his opinions. His theory was,
that the sun was a burning plate or globe
larger than the Peloponnesus ; an idea vfhich,
so far as the s/^'eof the great luminary is con-
cerned, has been 7nore than confirmed by
modern investigations. Aristarchus, of Sa-
mos, who lived about 300 years before the
Christian ei'a, was probably the first who
made anj^ attempt, on correct principles, to
calculate the relative distances of the sun and
moon. This he did by observing the angular
distance of these luminaries from each other
at the time when the moon is dichotomized,
that is, when exactlj' one half of its earthward
hemisphere is illuminated b}' the sun. By
this method, which is correct enough in prin-
ciple, although it is not available because of
the impossibility of obtaining the angle with
sufficient accuracj-, Aristarchus calculated that
the sun must be eighteen or twenty times as far
off as the moon. Eratosthenes, who was nearly
cotemporary with Aristarchus, is said to have
made a much larger estimate of the sun's dis-
tance, and he conjectured that the diameter of
thesun was twenty-seven times as great as that
of the earth. Hipparchus, whom Plaj'fair calls
"the greatest astronomer of antiquity, and
one of the inventors in science most justly
entitled to admiration," by measuring the
breadth of the earth's shadow at the time of
a lunar eclipse, computed the sun's distance
to be about 1300 times the earth's radius. He
flourished about 150 B. C. Nearly three cen-
turies later, Ptolemy, who got many of his
ideas from Hipparchus, adopted a similar
method, and estimated the sun's distance
equal to 1210 times the semi-diameter of the
earth. It is observable that the results ob-
tained by Aristarchus, Hipparchus and Ptol-
emy, were remarkably similar; and yet they
were scarcely more than one-twentieth of the
true measure.
For more than fourteen centuries after the
time of Ptolemy, little or no progress was
made towards a more correct estimate of the
sun's distance. But towards the close of the
sixteenth century, the great observer Tycho
Brahe, who has been called " the restorer of
110
THE FRIEND.
astronomy," and his young friend Kepler, the
laborious and ingenious calculator, appeared
on the field of action ; and early in the next
century, viz., in 1609, Galileo invented the
telescope. The estimates of the sun's distance
by Hipparchus and Ptolenij-, made his " hori-
zontal parallax " nearly three minutes of a
degree. By the "horizontal parallax" of the
sun, is meant the angle contained between
two lines drawn from some point in the sun,
say from hi.s centre, to the earth, one of them
passing through the earth's centre, the other
just grazing Us surface. It is therefore equi-
valent to the apparent semi-diameter of the
earth as seen from the sun ; for at the earth
the two lines are separated from each other
by a distance equal to the earth's radius.
Kepler, from data furnished chiefly by the
observations of Tycho, reduced this horizon-
tal parallax of the sun to one minute, indicat-
ing a distance of about thirteen and a half
millions of miles. The distinguished Halley,
the friend and eotemporarj' of Newton, made
the parallax twenty-five seconds, and New-
ton himself assumed it at twenty seconds,
although he was aware that Horrocks and
Flamsteed had estimated it as low as twelve
seconds. It is a fact of some interest, that
the author of the Principia, in the first edition
of that celebrated work (published in 1687),
made his calculations respecting the force of
the sun's attraction, on the supposition that
the centre of our system was but forty-one
millions of miles from us; and in consequence
of this error in his data, he made the quantity
of matter in the sun about one-thirteenth of the
true quantity. During the next forty years,
more accurate observations had shown that
the sun's parallax had previously been over-
estimated, and consequently his distance cor-
respondingly under-estimated ; and therefore
in the third edition of the Principia, published
in 1726, the solar parallax is taken at lOJ
seconds, making the sun's mass — that is, his
weight or quantity of matter — 169,282 times
that of the earth, instead of only 28,700 times
as in the first edition, this quantity being
affected in the proportion of tbe cube of the
number that is assumed as the sun's true dis-
tance in making the calculation. We may
add that a parallax of lOJ seconds indicates
a distance of about 78 million of miles.
It is observable, that in all the later and
more successful attempts above referred to,
to obtain the sun's true distance, it has been
his horizontal parallax that astronomers have
endeavored to measure. It will therefore, we
think, be worth while to detain the reader a
few minutes, while we endeavor to explain to
him more fully what is meant by this term.
In general terms then, the parallax of a body
— whether it be the sun, the moon, a planet,
or a meteor fl3'ing through the upper regions
of our atmosphere, — is the difference in the
absolute direction of the said body, as seen by
two observers situated in diti'erent parts of
the earth. For example, if an observer at
Newport, R. I., at a time when the moon is
on his meridian, should find by careful mea-
surement, that the centre of its disk is just
five degrees south of a certain star ; then an
observer at Arica, — a small town of Peru, on
the tongue of land that extends along the
coast between Bolivia and the sea — would at
the same time see the moon only about four
degrees south of the same star. As the star
has no sensible parallax, this difference of one
degree Ln the moon's apparent position is its
parallax with reference to the two places on
the earth's surface that we have named. We
have selected these because, while they are
nearly on the same meridian, they are about
sixty degrees of latitude apart, and hence the
straight line or chord drawn through the earth,
not on its surface, from one place to the other
must be nearly equal to the earth's radius.
If therefore one degree is the moon's parallax
with reference to these two places, it is also
very nearly the moon's " horizontal paraUax."
Owing to the eliptieal form of the moon's
orbit, her horizontal parallax is sometimes
less than a degree, and sometimes a little more
than a degree, being when least 53' 52" and
when greatest 61' 32", or 1° 1' 32". The
reader must not confound the comparative
position of a heavenly body with reference to
the fixed stars with its position relative to the
horizon of the observer. They are totally
different. The former is affected by parallax,
the latter by the curvature of the earth. The
change in the former as we move from place
to place is small ; but the latter may be affect-
ed to the extent of 180 degrees: and it was
the variation in the latter that proved, even
to the early astromomers, that the earth is
round. Thus, in the illustration given above,
if by the Newport observer, the moon was
seen just -10 degrees south of his zenith, the
spectator at Arica (omitting the effect of re-
fraction) would see it 21 degrees north of his
zenith. If it were not for the parallax, he
would see it just 20 degrees north of the
zenith, but the parallax throws it one degree
farther north. We have used the moon in-
stead of the sun in this illustration, because the
parallax of the latter is too inconsiderable for
our purpose, being but eight or nine seconds.
As has already been stated with respect to
the sun, so with the moon its horizontal par-
allax is equivalent to the apparent semi diam-
eter of the earth as seen from the moon. The
apparent diameter of our earth, therefore, to
a spectator on the moon would be about two
degrees, varying from 1° 47' 44" to 2° 3' 4".
But let us say a few words to elucidate these
technical terms, "apparent semi diameter,"
and " apparent diameter." They mean re-
spectively the angular measurement of the half
diameter and the whole diameter of the body
that maj' be spoken of. Thus calling to our
aid again our near and interesting neighbor,
the moon ; when she is at her mean distance
from us, her apparent diameter is 31' 26" vary-
ing in different parts of her elliptic orbit from
29' 3" to 33' 31". Now, if at the time of full
moon we were to conceive an arc — a quarter
of a circle — drawn on the apparent concave
of the slvy from the zenith of the observer,
through the moon to the horizon, the said arc
or quadrant would contain 90 degrees ; and if
we had an instrument suited to the purpose,
we would find that the moon's round disc
would cover about one one-hundred and
eightieth part of the said arc: but the one
one-hundred and eightieth part of 90 degrees
is just half of one degree : therefore we would
conclude, that the moon's angular breadth as
seen from the earth, in other words her " appa-
rent diameter," was at the time of the obser-
vation about half a degree, or 30 minutes.
This, therefore, is what is meant when we say
that the moon's apparent diameter is 30 min-
utes, or that its apparent semi-diameter is 15
minutes.
The diflSculty of ascertaining the sun's paral-
lax by any direct method, will be in some
measure understood and appreciated when ;
is stated, that even if two stations suitable fo
the purpose could be selected on the earth's sui
face as much as a whole diameter apart, the ui
dertaking would be equivalent to an attempt t
measure the difference in the moon's positio
among the stars when she is viewed from tw
places on our globe only twenty miles apart
nay, the former undertaking would be fa
more laborious in its execution, and more ur
certain in its results, than the latter, owin '
to the greater difficulty of ascertaining wit <
sufficient accuracy th§ length of the base lini
which, in the one case, would be nearly eigh
thousand miles, while in the other, it woul
be but twentj- miles.
But, inasmuch as the relative distances c
the earth and other planets from the sun ar
accurately known — having been deduced hot
by direct observations and from their per
odic times by means of Kepler's Third Lav
— if we can seize on any one of the planets i
a time when it is much nearer to us than th
sun, we can measure its parallax, and thenc
by a simple proportion obtain the sun's para
lax. Jupiter and the three planets beyon
him, never come as near to us as the sui
Mars, Venus and Mercury, are at times coi
siderably nearer than that luminary ; but i
the case of Mercury the difference is not sufl
cient to make it worth while for astronomei
to pay much attention to him on this behal
Mars, when in opposition, is usually aboi
twice as near to us as the sun ; and is to th
extent more favorably situated for obtainiu
his parallax. Hence he has been made use i
for this purpose. But when, at the time ■
opposition, he happens to be also in or net
his perihelion, then his distance from us
only 37 one-hundredthsof the sun's mean di
tance, and he is, therefore, nearly three tim(
more favorably situated for the determinatic
of his parallax than the sun ordinarily is, (
we may say, than the sun ever is. Such
favorable coincidence happened in 1751 ; Ma;
at the time of opposition that year being vei
near to the perihelion point of his orbit. A
cordiugly two astronomers, by previous a
rangement, made the requisite observation
They were, of course, posted at distant st
tions ; Wargentin was at Stockholm, ai
Lacaille, at the Capo of Good Hope ; boi
places being nearly on the same meridian, b
having a difference of latitude of 93° 18', ai
therefore 5,764 miles apart, as measured by
straight line or chord drawn from one place
the other through the earth. The resultii
horizontal parallax of Mars at the time of t
observations was24i seconds. To obtain fro
this the sun's mean parallax, we say. As 1'
(the mean distance of the sun) is to 37 (the i
lative distance of Mars at the time), so is 2
seconds the parallax of Mars at the time, to
seconds, the mean horizontal parallax of t
sun ; a result remarkably near the correct vali
But Venus is the most favorably situated '
the planets, for the determination of paralla
When in inferior conjunction with the sii
she is only about two-sevenths as distant
that body ; and if she happens at the sai
time to be so near her node as to pass direct
between us and the sun, appearing as a da
spot crossing the sun's disk — a coinciden
which occurs at alternate intervals of 8 ai
about 113 years* — she offers the astronora'
* More accurately, the intervals are 105}, 8, 1211,
106J, 8, 121J, 8; &c. ;-.;
w
THE FRIEND.
Ill
1 excellent opportunity of ascertaining first,
ar relative parallax as referred to the sun, and
lence the absolute parallax of each.
We have been led to make the foregoing
atement of some of the more interesting and
iportant points of our subject, as an intro-
iction to an article on The Approaching Tran-
t of Venus, which it is proposed to transfer
. " The Friend," with some ^modifications,
om one of the foreign journals ; but that
hich was meant to be a hriei preface, has
icome so unexpectedly extended, that the
•tide itself must be deferred to the next
imber. LLN.
Better is a little with the fear of the Lord,
an great treasure, and trouble therewith.
THE FRIEND.
ELEVENTH MONTH 22, 1873.
From the accounts received from various
[fts of the country, of the circumstances at-
tiding meetings held under the sanction of
[ferent Yearly Meetings, and conducted by
[rsons appointed for the purpose, it becomes
nre and more evident that the members con-
tiue to diverge more widely and distinctly
i their views respecting the important sub-
i ;t of Divine worship, and as to what may
I: permitted or encouraged to take place
cder profession of worship, among those who
isemble under the name of Friends. This is
ce of the anticipated results of the existing
cFerence in religious faith that has been for
nnj' years dividing the Society; and we ap-
f .>hend will go on manifesting its fruits, until
ti "strange fire" which it has kindled has
trnt out or been extinguished.
A. correspondent speaking of the " General
Iseting" held at Richmond, Indiana, in the
f e part of this month, under the care and
csrsight of a committee of Indiana Yearly
3'eting, saj's, " It exceeds any thing ever
l own among Friends, having taken the shape
ca genuine Methodist ' love feast,' or revival,
tl, steady Friends have joined in and attend
|r,;ularly, and singing, preaching, praying,
Bjuting and groaning are part of the ad-
Sncts. * * * Nearly all the prominent
iiends [including the Clerk of the Yearlj'
dieting] are actors in these scenes of humilia-
t n. There are forms for mourners, &c., and
a;reatdeal of hymn singing, &c., is indulged
ii The meetings in the mornings sometimes
lit from 10 o'clock to 2 and 3 o'clock, p. m.,
ai those in the evening from 7i o'clock to
1 o'clock."
.n looking over the Society we are sorrow-
f ' y impressed with the fact that there are
c aparatively few left who are willing to
6 nd firmly and sutler patientlj' for the ori-
g al doctrines and testimonies of Friends.
lis pseudo religious excitement is so epi-
dnical in its character, and so readily pro-
p;ated from one to another, and there is
^ halsuch a disposition to palliate, and under
a Use notion of charity, to gloss over and find
emsesfor these aberrations from the princi-
ps and practices of Friends, that not a few
■vo confess they see that the whole thing is
a error, yet flinch from declaring or acting
d idedly against its diiferent developments,
y ether they be in such acts and scenes as
above mentioned, or in the preaching and
praying which lead into and stimulate them.
But we would ask, is not the time at hand, or
has it not come, when the members will have
to take an open stand on one side or the other;
for as Wm, Penn justly says, " where princi-
ples are at stake, a neutral is either a hj'po-
crite or a coward." It is certain that what
are now called "old fashioned" Friends, can-
not unite with such proceedings as are being
weekly' enacted in some parts of the Society ;
nor can thoy rightly consent to bo implicated
in the stumbling charge made by other re-
ligious Societies, that Friends have found it
?iecessary to modify their principles.
It is not necessary to call in question the
convictions or the sincerity of those who think
it right to adopt the views recently and widely
spread among the members, or to engage in
these newly introduced exercises and modes
of worship: in these respects to their own
Master they must stand or fall. But how
they can reconcile claiming to be Friends,
while pursuing the course they are, with their
loud professions of '• consecration" and "holi-
ness," we cannot understand. The Hicksites
did and still do the same thing, and though
theirs was the grievous error of denying tiie
divinity of Jesus Christ, and the efficacy of
the atonement made by his sacrifice on Cal-
vary; while the present troublersof thechurch
preach up a literal belief in both, as all suffi-
cient for immediate salvation ; yet the latter,
like the former, is repugnant to the principles
held by Friends, and those who adhere to
these well known principles cannot have fel-
lowship with either.
That it is a time of shaking, of trial and
perplexity, especially to the younger mem-
bers in the Society, no one can doubt, and
when so many older ones, who ought to know
better, are led away by the " splendidly delu-
sive spirit that has gone out into the camp,"
we may not wonder that many of them are
captivated by it.
It may not be unprofitable to revive at the
present time the following extracts from the
manuscript in the hand writing of that exem-
plary and devoted minister of Christ, William
Jackson, late of Chester county, and found
among his papers after his death. He states
it was secretly but intelligibly communicated
to him by the Head of the church, while sit-
ing in meeting in the 9th month of 1769, and
pondering on the state of the Society and its
future condition. That the "perilous times"
of which he was forewarned, included the
revolutionary war and the Hicksite heresy,
we doubt not ; but we have no more doubt
that they also referred to the present period
of "treading down and perplexity."
" Your fiithers purchased the Truth through
many hardships and grievous sufl'erings out-
wardly ; and it was precious in their e3'e8 ;
the testimonies thereof preferred to all other
considerations, or outward enjoj'ments. And
is it a light thing, O ye backsliding children,
to trample on my testimonies, and to disregard
my precepts which I committed unto them.
Or is it a time for you, ye that dwell at ease
in sealed houses, or in the pursuit and enjoy-
ment of outward possessions, and my house,
wherein your fathers worshipped me in the
beautjr of holiness, lying waste, and the ad-
vancement of my cause of Truth neglected?
My truth shall yet be precious to a scattered
remnant amongst you, whom I have chosen
here and t^ere ; and am choosing, trying, and
preparing in the furnace of affliction, as it
were, one of a city, and two of a tribe, who
shall bear my name, and show forth my praise
in the midst of this crooked and rebellious
generation, who arc stiff necked and hard-
hearted. Though I have visited them repeat-
edly with message after message, lino upon
line, and precept upon precept, through my
servants whom I have constrained and sent
among them, for many years luck, yet they
will not hearken to my voice, nor lend an ear
to my words through my messengers, nor to
the immediate instructions and ri'|)roofB of ray
Spirit, which testified the same things within
them, bearing witness to tiie truth of my
message outwardly communicated. Notwith-
standing I have thus invited and called to
them in compassion repeatedly, to return to
my fear, and have given them space of time
to repent, yet they have chosen their own
ways, and still follow after their own pursuits,
which are full of snares and dangers (though
thcysee it not ;) therefore, snaresand dangers
shall begin to overtake, and surprise or sur-
round them, whereby many shall bo brought
into confusion, and tearfulness shall greatlj^
surprise them when no succor is near for
their relief; and my servants, my chosen few,
shall find it to be their duty more and more
to withdraw in spirit from the fellowship of
those who inhabit the outward court; and
who, instead of worshipping me according to
their pretensions, have either neglected as-
sembling in a suitable zeal for that purpose,
or when assembled, have used hypocrisy, and
even dissembled in my presence to the stum-
bling of weak inquirers. My servants shall
be more and more withdrawn into the inner
court, where I will feed, nourish and protect
them from all the snares and dangers that
shall greatly afflict their formal professing
brethi-en. And I will yet bo sanctified in the
sight of those who have disregarded my pre-
cepts; being relapsed from my fear into ease
and forgetfulness, have cast my covenant be-
hind their backs, even slighting the means
which I have promoted through the channel
of my faithful servants, for reforming, search-
ing, and cleansing my church.
"And notwithstanding the perilous times
that are coming, let my little ones, my faith-
ful remnant, be comforted ; the case with them
shall not always be so afflicting and painful,
as it appears to be now. 1 have a great work
begun, which shall be carried on, notwith-
standing all opposition. I will utterly remove
the false balance that has prevailed, and I will
demolish the bag of deceitful weights, where-
with some have been weighing themselves
and their services, being deceived thereby,
and in the pride of their hearts have kicked
against my Word, and rejected my dispensa-
tion as a vain thing, although I intended them
for their instruction and profit.
" Yea, the lofty looks of man shall be hum-
bled, and the haughtiness of my people shall
be bowed down ; and my name and truth alone
shall be exalted ; saith the Lord. I will search
Jerusalem as with candles, yea, I will break
the strong holds of all such who have made
lies their refuge; and I will punish the mem-
bers of the church who are settled upon their
lees: and some of this generation shall bo
mighty instruments in mine hand to bring my
great work forward ; I will wonderfully dig-
nify them with strength, wisdom and courage
in my services; so that nothing of hypocrisy
or dissimulation shall be able to stand before
112
THE FRIEND.
thera • for I will be their Captain, and they lost 1300 men, and the Carlists 200. A Bayonne dis-
Shall follow my direction ; acting in my COUn- P^tch says that Don Carlos has struck a medal in com-
°, : , ,,■'., ', A- „„„ memoration of the recent victory over tha Republican
Bel ; though their steps and proceedings may, ^^^^^^_
in many instances or respects, seem strange j -phe Italian Parliament was opened in Kome, by the
to those whose eyes are not clearly opened to king, on the 15th inst. In his speech the king said he
perceive my dispensations; yet they shall' hoped for a continuance of the work of internal organi-
prosper and prevail, to the exaltation of myi^^ti°n; th^t t'>"« Ij^'y °;;gl't ""^t^II^^ ^er prosperity
i^j I . , 1| T 'h I" ?im\d order and saiety — the two indispensable condi-
glory ; saith the ijOra . ^jj^^^. ^^j- industry and progress. The relations with all
foreign powers are friendly. Since the causes of war
between Austria and Italy have disappeared, there re-
mains nothing but the confidence of mutual interests
and wise friendship. Testimonials of affliction for Italy
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
FOREIGK. — The report of the prolongation committee
was read in the Fre'nch Assemblv the loth inst. It J have been addressed by the emperors and peoples of
commences by showing the difficulties of prolonging 1 both Austria and Germany. In reference to the Pope
MacMahon's powers with the present organic laws, j he said, " We will respect his religious sentiments and
To do so, it says, would result in a more or less dis-
guised dictatorship under the title of President of the
Republic. France wants a settled government, but it
is impossible to grant MacMahon more than five years
power. The report also proposes to so constitute the
Republic that France may not become the prey of revo-
lutions, and recommends the appointment of a com-
mittee of thirty to consider constitutional bills. It con-
cludes by appealing to the Conservatives to help found
the Republic, now that the schemes of the Monarchists
have failed, otherwise a dissolution of the Assembly is
inevitable.
In the election for members of the Assembly on the
16th inst., the Republicans carried the Department of
the Aube.
Three thousand Communists are still in prison await-
ing trial.
Tlie trial of Colonel StolTel, at Versailles, for using
language while giving his testimony in the Bazaine
trial, disrespectful to the public prosecutors, resulted in
his being sentenced to three months imprisonment and
the jjayraent of costs.
Abdel Kader, the Arab chieftain, who so long resisted
the French in Algeri.i, died in Paris the 11th inst.
The produce of the direct and indirect taxes in France,
for the first nine months of the present year, is pub-
lished in the Journal ojjiciel. The former brought in
485,000,000, being 38,500,000 more than the sum calcu-
lated on for that period. The indirect taxes show a
deficit for the same time. The estimate in the budget
was 1,303,000,000, whereas the receipt is only 1,297,-
000,000, being a difference of 6,000,000. P'resident
MacMahon sent a message to the Assembly on the 17th
inst., in which he asks that the powers of the present
Executive may be prolonged for seven years ; he re-
quests also that there be no postponement of the action
prolonging his jjowers until after the constitutional
bills are voted. If his term is prolonged, he will use
the powers granted in the defence of conservative ideas,
which he is convinced are those of the majority of the
nation.
In the Bazaine court martial, Blondin, director of the
Bank of Metz during the siege, testified that General
Coffinieres urged hira to conceal a quantity of gold on
the 20th of 8th mo., saying the Prussians would enter
the city in a few days. The trial is not apparently near
its close.
The German government has addressed a remon-
strance to France on account of the pastoral issued by
the Bishop of Nancy, ordering prayers for the recovery
of Metz and Strasburg.
As soon as intelligence of the capture of the Virginius
reached Madrid, the U. S. Minister made a proper re-
presentation of the case to the Spanish government, and
in consequence the Culian authorities were requested by
the Minister of Foreign affairs to stay further proceed-
ings until the matter could be fully and calmly investi-
gated. The orders of the home government were, how-
ever, totally disregarded, and after executing the rebel
generals, many other persons found on the vessel were
put to death. The captain and thirty-six of the crew
were executed at Santiago de Cuba on the 7th inst., and
on the next day twelve more of the Cuban volunteers
were shot. A Havana dispatch of the 14th says, the
trials of all the prisoners taken on the Virginius are
concluded, and out of the whole number only eigiiteen
will be saved from death. Some of these will be con-
demned to the chain gang, and four or five set at liberty.
The U. S. Minister at Madrid has been instructed from
Washington, to enter with the Spanish government a
strong protest against the proceedings at Santiago,
characterizing thera as an outrage on civilization anil
humanity, and an insult to the American government.
Cartagena is still held by the insurgents. It is re-
ported that another battle has taken place between the
Carlists and the Repulilicans, again resulting in a vic-
tory for the former. The Republicans are said to have
his liberty, but will not permit attacks upon the nation
and its institutions."
The first budget ever published in Egypt has just
been issued by authority of the Khedive. It gives de-
tails of the estimated revenue and expenditure for the
twelve months from the 10th of 9th month, 1873, to the
lOlh of 9tli month, 1874, and shows revenue equal to
£10,166,000, and expenditure equal to £9,046,000, leav-
ing a surplus of £1,120,000.
Advices from Rio Janeiro to the 23d ult., have been
received in Lisbon. The small pox prevails in Rio to
an alarming extent. The revolution in Paraguay has
been suppressed.
The German Federal Council has ordered the distri-
bution among the States of the Empire of another in-
stalment of the French war indemnity, amounting to
three millions of dollars.
On the 14th inst. the German government made a
further investment of $3,000,000 in U. States funded
loan.
The plan of constructing a railway in connection with
the Ashantee expedition, has been given up as imprac-
ticable, and the shipment of rails from England has
been discontinued.
The Dean of Westminster has been appointed to pro-
ceed to St. Petersburg to perform the Protestant mar-
riage of the Duke of Edinburgh with the Grand Duchess
Marie, of Russia.
Intelligence has been received in London that famiiiAi
prevails in Greenland, caused by the failure of the
fisheries. In one village alone 150 persons had starved
to death.
The committee of the London Stock Exchange have
adopted a resolution that four British shillings per dol-
lar shall be the rate of exchange after the 3d proximo.
Under the present improved methoils of refining, the
gold contained in the worn silver coin withdrawn from
circulation in Great Britain can be extracted in suffi-
cient quantity to render the operation proHtable. Thus,
in 1872, crowns and half crowns weighing 117,048
ounces were subjected to relinage, and 81.27 ounces of
gold were recovered.
The Foreign Office has instructed the British Minister
at Madrid, the consuls at Havana and Santiago, and the
Governor of Jamaica, that the English government re-
serves its decision on the question of the executions
which have already taken place at Santiago, but will
hold the Spanish government, and all concerned, re-
sponsible for any additional executions of British sub-
jects.
London, 11th mo. 17th. — Consols, 925. U. S. sixes,
1865, 93{ ; five per cents, 91.
Liverpool. — Cotton to arrive is 1-lOrf. cheaper. Sales
of uplands shipped in the 10th and Ulli months, Sirf. ;
low middlings deliverable in the 12th month, SJrf.
A dispatch from Aden says: " .\n encounter took
place recently in the district df El Ahsa, between bodies
of Arabs and Turks, in which three hundred of the
former and seventy of the latter were killed and wound-
ed. It is probable that in consequence of this occur-
rence the British force at Aden will interfere, and pre-
vent encroachments by the Turks upon the territory of
the surrounding tribes."
Much adulterated tea is now shipped from China.
In London there was recently 10,000,000 pounds in
bond, which had been condemned as unfit for consump-
tion, and notices have been given to merchants in China
that all spurious teas will henceforth be destroyed.
The new Vienna water-works were opened on the
24lh ultimo in the presence of the Emperor, the Arch-
dukes and various high officials. The water comes
from the Alps, a distance of rifty-four miles, by means
of tunnels and aqueducts. The cost of the works has
been about $10,000,000, and they have been finished in
three years and a half.
United States. — The interments in Philadelphia
last week numbered 255. There were 41 of consump
tion, 11 disease of the heart, 12 inflammation of tl
lungs, and 12 old age.
In New York there were 525 deaths last week.
Nine hundred and forty thousand operatives are ei
ployed in the production of iron in the United State
42,000 of these are employed in preparing ore andfui
25,000 in preparing fuel for rolling mills ; 42,000 in tl
rolling mills; 23,500 in blast furnaces, and 3500
bloomeries; 800,000 are engaged in manufacturing ai-
des of iron. The value of pig iron manufactured la
vear was §75,000,000. The product of the rolling mil
and forges was §63,000,000, and the entire value
mauufactured iron for the year was ii;900,000,000.
The Markets, &c. — The following were the quotatio
on the 17th inst. New York. — American gold, 10!
U. S. sixes, 1881, 1141; ditto, 1865, 109| ; new fi
per cents, 109. Supertinik flour, $5.20 a S5.70 ; Sta
extra, S5.90 a* 6.45; finer brands, $6.50 a $10.25. Whi
Canada wheat, $1.65 ; red western, $1.49 ; No. 2 Chica|
spring, $1.35 a $1.36. State barley, $1.50. Oats, 52
55 cts. Y'el low corn, 66 cts.; western wliite, 75 c
Philadelphia.— CoUon, 15J a 16 cts. for uplands ai
New Orleans. Crude petroleum, lOJ cts. ; standa
white, 14i cts. Superfine flour, $4 a $4.75 ; extra, $f
.$5.50 ; finer brands, S 6 a $10. White wheat, $1.6f
$1.78 ; amber, $1.55 a $1.64 ; red, $1.45 a $1.55. K;
76 a 80 cts. Yellow corn, 64 a 65 cts. Oats, 46 a
cts. Smoked hams, 11 a 13 cts. Lard, 71 a 7|^
Clover seed, 6 a 7.V cts. Beef cattle were in better (
mand, and prices were higher. About 2800 arrived a
sold at 6J a 7 cts. per lb. gross for extra; 5 a 6 cts.
fair to good, and 3 a 4 cts. per lb. gross for commc
Sheep sold at 41 a 5.V cts. per lb. gross. Receipts 10,(
head. Corn fed hogs, $6 a $6.50 per 100 lb. net Sa
of 5,500 head. C'/ucai/o.— No. 1 spring wheat, $!.(
No. 2 do., $1.03 ; No. 3 do., 95 cts. No. 2 mixed co
39 cts. No. 2 oats, 30 cts. Rye, 62 cts. Barley, $1
a $1.33. Lard, 7} cts. Baltimore. — Choice white wh(
$1.65 ; choice amber, $1.70 ; red, $1.40 a $1.60. Wl
corn, 70 cts. ; yellow, (i3 cts. Oats, 45 a 50 cts
Loui^. — No. 2 winter red wheat, $1.52 ; No. 3 do., $1
a $1.27 ; No. 2 spring, 95 cts. No. 2 mixed corn,
cts. Oats, 35 a 30 cts. Cincinnati. — Family flour, $1
a $6.55. Wheat, $1.31. New corn, 43 cts. Rye,
cts. Oats, 33 a 42 cts. Lard, 7 a 7i cts.
FOR RENT
To a Friend, the small dwelling on the meeting-ho;
property. West Philadelphia. An oversight of
propertv will be accepted as part of the rent. Applj
John Callen, Forrest Building, 119 S. Fourth f^
Henry Harris, 512 Walnut St.
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
As the stations of Superintendent and Matron of t
Institution are expected to be vacated at the close of
Winter Session, in the 4th month next. Friends >
may feel drawn to undertake the duties attache^
them, are requested to communicate thereon with eit
of the following named members of the Committee.
Nathaniel N. Stokes. Cinnaminson Post-ofl
Burlington Co., N. J.
Charles Evans, No. 702 Race St., Philadelph
Deborah Rhoads, Haddonfield, N. J.
Rebecca S. Allen, No. 335 S. Fifth St., Phils
FRIENDS' BOARDING SCHOOL FOR INDI
CHILDREN, TUNESASSA, NEW YORK.
A teacher of the school will be wanted at the c
mencement of the Spring term.
Application may be made to
Ebenezer Worth, Marshallton, Chester Co.,]
Joseph Scattergood, 413 Spruce St., Philada.
Aaron Sharpless, Street Road P. O., Che
Co., Pa.
Thomas Wistar, Fox Chase P. O., Philada.
FRIENDS' ASYLtfti FOR THE INSANE
Near Frankford, [Twenty-third Ward,) Philadelph
Physician and Superintendent — Joshua H. WoB
IN«TON, M. D.
Applications for the Admission of P.atients m.r"
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Boarif
Managers.
Died, at his residence, on the 1st of 11th mo. I'V
in the 63d year of his age, .\mos Cope, a inenibe)f
Middleton Monthly and Particular Meeting, Colu-
biana Co., Ohio.
' WILLIAM H. PILE, PRINTEk.
No. 422 Walnut Street.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. XLVII.
SEVENTH-DAY, ELEVENTH MONTH -in, 1873.
NO. 15.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
ice Two Dollars per annum, if paid in advance. Two
dollars and fifty cents, if not paid in advance.
SubscriptlOQS and PaymeutB receired by
JOHN S. STOKES,
AT NO. lis KORTU FOURTH STREET, DP STAIRS,
JPHILADELPHIA.
Jstage, when paid quarterly in advance, tive cents.
For " The Friend."
Memoirs and Letters of Sarah llillman.
(CoLtinued t'rum page 109.)
It is recorded of Him, the Lord of life and
ory, who ascended up on high and led cap-
vity captive, that He "gave gifts unto men."
nd how true is- it, that if the Lord be our
hepherd, then however weak and feelile, and
Dworth^^ we may feel ourselves, He will
lake a way where there seems to be no way;
nd will, as we hold fast our allegiance in faith
id faithfulness, turn again our captivity,
awever sore it be, as the streams of the south ;
id will give gifts for the perfecting of the
iiints, for the work of the ministry', for the
'iifying of the body of Christ. Such a gift
0 are prepared to believe is forthcoming to
ir dear friend ; and the time seems near at
and — though in reality not yet* — when an
nea acknowledgment of her Redeemer's
ianie and cause must, if obedience keep pace
ith knowledge to the law of her God in-
urdly revealed, soon be made in the religious
isi'mblicH of the people.
llow instructive it is to observe her caution
id prudence under all the turnings of the
ord's holy, chastening hand upon her, to pre-
ire for that which the prophet, in his greater
easure, experienced wlien he cried out, "Woe
me ! for 1 am undone ; because I am a man
■ unclean lips, and dwell in the midst of a
■ople of unclean lips," &c. But this was but
Lc forerunner of the following : " Then flow
18 of the seraphims unto me, having a live
>:il in his hand * * * and he laid it upon
y mouth ;" which prepared for the humble,
leiliont, passive offering as a living sacrifice,
Here am I, send me." Sarah Hillman felt
le work of the ministry to be an awful work ;
le desired to be thoroughly cleansed from all
If confidence ; she asked not to be spared
*dful baptisnis ; heeding no doubt the pre-
pt of the same evangelical prophet alread}-
loted : " Be ye clean, that bear the vessels of
e Lord."
■While there may be danger, as there have
■en instances of withholding in this way
*■ The time of S. H.'s first appearance in the ministry,
believed to have been on First-day the 28th of Third
mth, 1830, at Wesltield, N. J., when in company with
• r beloved friends, George and Ann Jones.
more than is meet, and thus erring on the
other hand ; and while we wish not to dis-
courage— so far as these remarks may — the
least child called of their Father in heaven,
in sweetness, in simplicity, humility, andchild-
like dependence, to the advocacj- of His cause
and kingdom before men, would that all who
have since her da}' spoken in our religious
meetings, had known and felt the solicitude
and caution of this wise handmaiden ! Would,
they had been as careful to bide the full time
of preparation ; to let patience have her per-
fect work ; to go full oft for instruction to the
potter's house; to remain the full and ap-
pointed season in the stripping chamber, and
in the washing pool; and withal, to feel that
without Christ .lesus and the leavening, pre-
serving, invincible power of His grace when
submitted to, they are truly nothing and could
do nothing to His glory 1 Then, if there were
fewer speakers, and fewer words spoken, these
we might hope would be anointed teachers,
with their lessons learned in Jordan's veriest
depths, whence some of the life-giving power
of the Holy Spirit would, without the sound
of the tool, witness for their ofllerings.
No date; but probably the early part of
1817. "The woi-k of the. ministry has ever
appeared to me to be a very awful work ; but
at present I think it is increa-iingly so. To
stand forth in the assemblies of God's people,
and there speak of Him— to break the silence
of a congregation — how awful ! And how
pure must one be before fitted for so important
a vocation. My soul is humbled within me
at times under the prospect ; knowing the
frailties of my nature, and fearing lest it is all
delusion — lest I should, by putting my hand
to the ark, offend the Lord. Sometimes 1
think it strange that my mind is thus exer-
cised, and endeavor to persuade myself it can-
not be that I am called to this great work,
and try to shake off the exercise. But it re-
turns asain ; and now my desires arc, if it is
thy will, blessed Father, thou wouldst be
pleased to grant a sure evidence of it, and a
portion of strength to perform. Make me
more passive ; destroy all the dregs of corrup-
tion which remain in nie, and cleanse me
thoroughly; so that all my confidence ma}- be
in Thee. Let mo abide in the bottom of Jor-
'lan till preparation of heart is experienced to
bring up stones of memorial to the honor of
thy great name."
Without date. " O that my covering might
be the garment of humility ; and my adorning
a meek and cptiet spirit.
".3rd mo. 10th, 1817. This morning attend-
ed our weekday meeting, which proved in-
deed a season of favor. .Soon after taking my
seat, so great was the distress of my mind that
I was ready to cry out, ' Can these dry bones
live ?' Yet after some time, our beloved friend,
■, was led to set forth the glorious state
of those who, by attending to the law of the
spirit of life in Christ Jesus, have washed their
robes, and become inhabitants in those man-
sions ])repared for the righteous. Earnest
breathings of spirit were begotten in me, that
the precious savor felt in this meeting might
not pass away as the morning cloud or tho
early dew, but remain upon us tn nourish up
the soul ; and that we might be more engaged /
to continue in the way of well-doing to the '
end, that so we may obtain the crown.
'■5th mo. 11th. After a long season in
which many different dispensations have been
ex])ei-ienced, I am induced to add a few re-
marks to my diary. My heart has felt I trust
some degree of submission to the Divine will
at seasons, though there seems to be a want
of true and experimental knowledge. I am
led at times to fear the crown, which has been
shown me, is given to another, through my
unwillingness to enter into the labor. And
at others I have thought tho work of prepara-
tion is not fully effected, and that is the rea-
son why 1 have to travel so long in the deeps.
When I reflect that in the deep pearls are pro-
cured, how it animates and encourages to
abide here and seek therefor. But when pre-
sentations of sutieriug and ba])tism are offered,
my poor, unregenerate nature is ready to
flinch therefrom ; and the language of my
heart is, How can I go, or how can 1 speak ?
I am a chi^d. 'My family is poor in Manas-
^al), and I am the least in my F.-tthor's hou«o.'
O that my soul was more purified ! Let tho
language of my spirit be, Lord strengthen !
Sutler me not to swerve to the right hand or
to the left! Grant an indisputable evidence
of thy righteous will; for I desire to servo
Thee. Thou hast been pleased to call me, and
O! that thou wouldst cause thy judgments so
to take hold upon me, that every earthly
gratification may be thoroughl}- purged from
me, and my heart made clean and fitted for
the reception of thy holy presence; that thus
the place where briars and thorns grew, may
produce pleasant fruits.
"Tho life is more than meat, and the body
than raiment. And if the life is preserved it
is enough. This is a state of trial and exor-
cise; and all who are engaged to enlist under
the banner of the Lamb, have their share of
sufi:ering. But if we are only brought thereby
to the true sheepfold, there is no causo to
mourn ; for there is no true joy in anything
this world afi:'ords. He only is the hajipy man
who follows the pointings of Truth in all
things, and is willing to suffer any privation
for the sake of peace with his God.
" r2fh. Attended our week-day meeting.
Wont in much dread, lest I might feel tho
necessity of opening my mouth therein ; but
found nothing more to do, than to labor after
a settlement in tho quiet habitation, and obey
the command to tarry there till power from
on high was received. Much painful exor-
cise was my portion. Near tho close a little
encouragement was administered through the
ministry of dear . He was concerned
to invito those who had been willing in the
day of tho Lord's power to follow him, to con-
114
THE FRIEND.
tinue steadfast. Assuring them that however
they might be tempted, the Lord would al-
ways furnish a way to escape. Oh ! that these
seasons may not be forgotten ; but be treasured
up, that my faith fail not; for truly I never
saw a time when all things seemed so fluctua-
ting. Every mountain and island seem re-
moved ; and nothing to rest upon but the
Divine mercy. May every false rest be totally
broken up, and the new Jerusalem, wherein
dwelleth righteousness, established. It is in-
deed a time wherein mourning seems to be
the garment worn by manj' at seasons, yet as
we become willing to abide all our necessary
baptisms, a bolief is sometimes permitted to
attend that the garment of praise will in due
time be granted, and ability' furnished to ac-
knowledge, ' Hitherto the Lord hath helped.' "
No date. " How awful is death! How awful
the approach of the pale horse and his rider,
to him who has not been concerned to set his
house in order! He has been permitted to
summon one in the bloom of life ; one perhaps
who had formed plans of long continuance
here, and who had promised himself much
pleasure in the society of the partner of his
life, and the innocent prattle of his sweet
babes. But he has been summoned to appear
before the dread tribunal — suddenly called to
meet his God. May we all be aroused to a
sense of the necessity of witnessing prepara-
tion for this awful change before the midnight
cry go forth ; for there is no work, nor device
in the grave. O, dear Lord, stain the glorj'
of this world in our view, that we may become
weaned therefrom, and be qualified to say
unto others, follow us as we are endeavoring
to follow Thee ! Thou, dearest Father, kno west
us altogether as we are. Wilt Thou be pleased
to quicken to more lively zeal in putting away
those things which hinder our progress in the
way and work which Thou appointest unto
us. We pray to Thee to preserve us — for we
can do nothing of ourselves — out of tempta-
tion ; and deliver us from evil ; for thine is the
kingdom, and power, and glory forever."
CTo be continued.)
♦-•
Fragment on Prayer. — Can there be any
thing more imperative than the command,
"Watch and pray!" or any language more
sweet and encouraging than "Pray unto thy
Father, who seeth in secret?"
Doubtless Christians should live in the spirit
of prayer. " It is the Christian's vital breath ;"
and marvellous is the privilege, unto this day
and hour, of communion with the Almighty
power, God over all, who breathed the breath
of life whereby we became living souls. By
the same Almighty power, we are kept from
the path of destruction. Sweet is the invitimr
language of our Redeemer, who has cast up
a new and consecrated way, by which we
have access to the mercy-seat. " When ye
pray," said Ho, " say, our Father." Glorious
privilege ! that while clothed with human na-
ture, feeling and mourning our omissions and
commissions, we may "kneel before the Lord
our Maker," in prostration of body, soul and
spirit. Although utterance may fail, there is
an availing sigh, a tear of contrition, and a
Spirit, better than our own, helping our in-
firmities. I allude not to any forms, but the
real, humble breathings of the soul, a thirst
for the living God. — lilary Capper.
There is a great difference between rude-
ness and plainness.
Comets.
(Continued from page 106.)
According to the theory now generally ac-
cepted, comets enter the solar sj'Stem ab extra,
move in parabolas or hj-perbolas around the
sun, and, if undisturbed by the planets, pass
off beyond the limits of the sun's attraction,
to be seen no more. If in their motion, how-
ever, they approach very near any of the
larger planets, their direction is changed by
planetary perturbation, — their orbits being
sometimes transformed into ellipses. Thenew
orbits of such bodies would pass very nearly
through the points at which their greatest
perturbation occurred ; and accordingly we
find that the aphelia of a large proportion of
the periodic comets are near the orbits of the
major planets. "I admit," saj's M. Hoek,
" that the orbits of comets are b^' nature para-
bolas or hyperbolas, and that in the cases
when elliptical orbits are met with, these are
occasioned by planetary attractions, or derive
their character from the uncertainty of our
observations. To allow the contrary would
be to admit some comets as permanent mem-
bers of our planetary system, to which they
ought to have belonged since its origin, and
so to assert the simultaneous birth of that sys-
tem and of these comets. As for me, I attri-
bute to these a primitive wanderingcharacter.
Travelling through space, they move from one
star to another in order to leave it again, pro-
vided they do not meet any obstacle that may
force them to remain in its vicinity. Such an
obstacle was Jupiter, in the neighborhood of
our sun, for the comets of Le.Kell and Bi-orsen,
and probably for the greater part of periodi-
cal comets; the other part of which may be
indebted for their elliptical orbits to the at-
tractions of Saturn and the remaining planets.
"Generally, then, comets come to us from
some star or other. The attraction of our sun
modifies their orbit, as had been done already
by each star through whose sphere of attrac-
tion they had passed. We can put the ques-
tion if they come as single bodies or united
in systems."
The conclusion of this astronomer's interest-
ing discussion is that —
"■'There are systems of .comets in space that are
broken up by the attraction of our sun, and whose
members attain, as isolated bodies, the vicinity of
the earth during a course of several years."
Lexell's comet of 1770 is the most remark-
able instance known of the change produced
in the orbits of these bodies by planetary at-
traction. This comet passed so near Jupiter
in 1779 that the attraction of the latter was
200 times greater than that of the sun. The
consequence was that the comet, whose mean
distance corresponded to a period of 5 J years,
was thrown into an orbit so entirely different
that it has never since been visible.
The great comet of 1858 was one of the
most remarkable in the nineteenth century.
In was discovered on the 2d of June, by
Donati, of Florence, and first became visible
to the naked eye about the last of August.
The comet attained its greatest brilliancy
about the 10th of October, when its distance
from the earth was 50,000,000 miles. The
length of its tail somewhat exceeded this dis
tance. If, therefore, the comet had been at
that time directly between the sun and the
earth, the latter must have been enveloped for
a number of hours in the comctic matter.
The observations of this comet during a
period of five months enabled astronomers to
determine the elements of its orbit withiii
small limits of error. It completes a revoluj
tion, according to Newcomb, in 1854 year8[>
in an orbit somewhat more eccentric thari
that of Hallej^'s comet. It will not return be
fore the o8th century, and will only reach itt,
aphelion about the year 2800. Its motion per.
second when nearest the sun is 36 miles !
when most remote, only 23-1 yards.
In the year 466 b. c, a large comet appearec
simultaneously with the famous fall of mete
oric stones near ^Egospotamos. The formei
was supposed by the ancients to have hac
some agency in producing the latter phenome
non. Another of extraordinary magnitude
appeared in the year 373 b. c. This come
was so bright as to throw shadows, and its
tail extended one-third of the distance fron
the horizon to the zenith. The years 156
136, 130, and 48, before our era, were als(
signalized by the appearance of very large
comets. The apparent magnitude of the firs
of these is said to have equaled that of th(
sun itself; while its light was sufficient to di
minish sensibly the darkness of the night
The second is said to have filled a fourth par
of the celestial hemisphere. The comet o
130 B.C., sometimes called the comet of Mith I
ridates, because of its appearance about thf '
time of his birth, is said to have rivaled th'
sun in splendor.
In A. D. 178 a large comet was visible durinj
a period of nearly three months. Its nucleu ■
had a remarkably red or fiery appearance, an( I
the greatest length of its tail exceeded 60' i
The most brilliant comets of the sixth centur I
were probably those of 531 and 582. Thi ^
train of the latter, as seen in the west sooi,
after sunset, presented the appearance of . '
distant conflagration. !
Great comets appeared in the years 975
1264, and 1556. Of these, the comet of 126 I
had the greatest apparent magnitude. I i
was first seen early in July, and attained it '
greatest brilliancy in the latter part of Au; '
gust, when its tall was 100° in length. I ,
disappeared on the 3d of October, about th
time of the death of Pope Urban IV., of whic
event the comet, in consequence of this coin
cidence, was considered the precursor. Thes
comets, on account of the similarity of thei
elements, were believed by many astronomer
to be the same, and to have a period of abou
300 years. In the case of identity, howevei
another reappearance should have occurred
soon after the middle of the nineteenth cen
tury. As no such return was observed, w
may conclude that the comets were not th
same, and that their periods are wholly un
known.
The comet discovered on the 10th of Nc
vember, 1618, was one of the largest in modern
times; its tail having attained the extraordi
nary length of 104°. The comet of 1652, S'
carefully observed by Hevclius, almost equal
ed the moon in apparent magnitude. It shone
however, with a lurid, dismal light. The tai
of the comet of 16S0 was 90° in length. Thi
body is also remarkable for its near approac)
to the sun; its least distance from the sola
surface having been onlj' 147,000 miles. I
will always be especially memorable, howevei
for having furnished JSfewton the data b;
means of which he first showed that comet
in their orbital motions are governed by tb
same principle that regulates the plauetar;,
revolutions.
Of all the comets which appeared durin
THE FRIEND.
115
he eighteenth century, that which passed its
erihelion on the 7th of October, 170i1, hiul
be .rreatest apparent magnitude. It wasdis-
,ovJi-ed by Messier on the 8th of August, and
lontiuued to be observed till the 1st of De-
embor. On the 11th of Septembertho length
f its tail was 97°. The comet discovered on
be 2Gth of March, 1811, is in some respects
ihe most remarkable ou record. It was ob-
served during a period of IG months and 22
ilays^—lbe longest period of visibility known.
i)n account of its situation with respect to the
arth, the apparent length of its tail was much
ess than that of some'othcr comets ; its true
iength, however, was at one time 120,000,000
iniles ; and Sir William Ilershel found that on
he 12th of October the greatest circular sec-
ion of the tail was 15,000,000 miles in diumc-
er. The same astronomer found the diameter
.f the head of the comet to be 127,000 miles,
,ind that of the envelope at least 643,000. As
:i general thing, the length of a comet-train
ncreases very rapidly as the body approaches
■ he sun. But the perihelion distance of the
'^omet of 1811 was considerably greater than
,he distance of the earth from the sun ; while
ts nearest approach to the earth was 110,-
300,000 miles. Its true magnitude, thei'efore,
luas'probablv not been surpassed by any other
observed ; and had its perihelion been very
aear the sun, it must have exhibited an ap-
pearance of terrific grandeur. This comet
tias an elliptic orbit, and its period,, afcording
to Argelander, is 3065 years.
The great comet of 1861 was discovered on
the 13th of May, by John Tobbut, Jr., of New
South Wales. In this country, as well as in
Europe, it was first generally observed on the
evening of June 30,-19 days after its peri-
helion passage. Sir John Herscbel, who ob-
served it in Kent, England, remarks that it
far exceeded in brilliancy any comet he had
ever seen, not excepting those of 1811 and
1858. According to Father Secchi, of the
Collegio Romano, the length of its tail was
118°. This, with a single exception, is the
greatest on record. The computed orbit is
elliptical ; the period, 419 years.
(To be continued.)
The first thought of repentance, or desire of
'turning to God, is thy first discovery of the
■light and Spirit of God within thee; it is the
■ voice and language of the Word of God \yithin
thee, though thou knowest it not; it is the
bruiser of thy serpent's head; thy dear Im-
■ manuel, who is beginning to preach within
thee that same which he formerly ])reached,
saying, " Repent, for the Kingdom of Heaven
■ is at hand." But, above all things, beware oi
> taking this desire of repentance to be the efl'ect
of thy own natural sense and reason, for in so
, doing thou losest the key of all the heavenly
. treasure that is in thee; thou shuttest the
' door agaiost God, turnest away from Him;
and thy repentance (if thou hast any) will be
only a vain, unprofitable work of thine own
hands, that will do thee no more good than a
well that is without water.
But if thou takest this awakened desire of
turning to God to be, as in truth it is, the
coming of Christ in thy sonl, the working,
I redeeming power of the light and spirit of the
Holy Jesus within thee— if thou dost rever-
ence and adhere to it, as such, this faith will
save thee, will make thee whole ; and by thus
believing in Christ, though thou wert dead,
yet shalt thou live. — William Law.
For "Tlie Friend."
Faithfulness.
I wish to call the attention of Friends to
the editorial in the 11th number of "The
Frieml;" for the sentiments advanced therein,
are very applicable to the condition of things
in the Society at the present time, and I do
most cordiallv unite therewith. It seems to
me there has" been too much dread of contro-
ver.sy, by those who are endeavoring to stand
for the doctrines and testimonies of our Soci-
ety. It was not so in the rise of the Society ;
for Friends in that day felt called to stand for
the defence of the gospel, and to contend ear-
nestly for the faith once delivered to the
saints; and in those duys they knew the cost
of their fitithfulness in maintaining those doc-
trines and testimonies. They not only had
to endure the frowns of the world, but out-
ward sufl'ering ; and they were willing to en-
dure all that was permitted to come upon
them, rather than let fall any of their princi-
ples ; for they were fully persuaded that they
were the principles of the gospel of Christ.
And like Paul, who was set for the defence of
the o-ospel, thev shunned not to declare all
the counsel of God, through good report and
evil report. And so in this day, those who
feel called upon to stand for the same prin-
ciples, will have to bear the frowns of the
world', and be called by those even who style
themselvesFriends— illiberal— sectarian— un-
charitable, &c. The word charity, seems now
to be made to cover a great deal, and has been
made use of bv all who wish to make innova-
tions on our doctrines. Those who wished to
chano-e them into Unitarianism in 1828, cried
out for charity, and did not want us to judge
them, but wished to be styled Friends ; and
so now IboSB who lire- endeavoring to over-
turn the faith of the Society, are crying out
for charity. ^, , r-
R Barclaj-, in his treatise on Church (jOv-
ernmeut, says : " If the apostles of Christ of
old and the" preachers of the everlasting Gos-
peHn this day, had told all people, however
wrong they found them in their faith and
principles, our charity and love are such we
dare not judge you nor separate from you,
but let us all live in love together, and every
one enjoy his own opinion and all will be well;
how should the nations have been, or what
way can they be brought to truth and right-
eousness. Would not the devil love this doc-
trine well. We should all have real charity
for one another; but we should not give up
our principles for the sake of a spurious
charity Vuy the doctrines and testimonies
ori'o-inaily held forth by the Society of Friends
are" I fully believe, the doctrines of the Gospel
of Christ, and should not be frittered away to
please the unconstant will of man, who is
wanting more liberty, and is continually en-
deavoring to make innovations upon them,
either on one hand or the other.
Though we should be called by those who
are making these innovations,— uncharitable,
—illiberal,— sectarian, &c., we should main-
tain our principles through good report and
evil report, as deceivers yet true,— for those
doctrines are worth suffering for. Therefore
let those who are convinced of the Truth,
faithfully maintain it in the meekness of wis-
dom in the flice of opposition. Remember
how it was with Caleb and Joshua, when they
were sent with ten others to spy out the
promised land, and the ten brought back an
evil report of the good land ; they maintained
the truth of it being an exceeding good land,
and that Israel, with the Lord's help, was well
able to overcome the inhabitants thereof —
thou"h all the congregation bade them stone
them^with stones. They, too, for their faith-
fulness, were alone permitted to enter that
good land, out of that great multitude, who
all rebelled against the Lord, with the excep-
tion of Moses, and died in the desert. It was
said of Caleb, he had wholly followed the Lord,
and through his faithfulness ho was permitted,
with Joshua, to enter the promised land, and
have an inheritance there. And I believe
those that faithfully maintain the Truth as it
is in Jesus, in this daj', will lie blessed whether
they be few or many, though they may have
opposition to bear, "even from their own peo-
ple, even from those who say tbey are Jews,
and are not. If they keep their integrity as
Caleb did, they will have " an inheritance in-
corruptible and undefiled, and that fadeth not
away, reserved in heaven for you, who are kept
by the power of God through faith unto salva-
tion." It would be very desirable if there were
more of this number in our Society, who are
valiant for the Truth, and who are not swayed,
either to the right or left, by the fear of man,
for it is a snare to our feet. But let us be
willing to he accounted of no reputation, even
fools for Christ's sake, and not be afraid of the
frowns and scoffs of the wise in worldly wis-
dom. 1 believe if this were the case, things
would be very different among us, for the
Lord would then, in His own time, raise up
more standard bearers amongst ue, as He has
done formerly in this Society, who were not
ashamed of the cross, nor of the doctrines and
testimonies given to this Society to uphold
before the world ; but were valiant for the
Lord's cause, and like Paul counted even their
lives not dear unto ihenioelvL-c., oo tiicj mif;bt
finish their course with joy. Therefore I
would say to all to whom our principles are
dear, "be ye steadfast, unmoveable, always
abounding in the work of the Lord, forasnnuch
as ye know that your labor is not in vain in
the Lord." J- ^^■
Ohio, 11th month, 1873.
For "Tlie Friend."
Butter Making.
In a recent visit to a Butter Factory, I was
interested in noticing the precautions that
were found necessary, in order to make an
article of superior quality. The first requisite
isthemost scrupulous cleanliness- everything
about the establishment must undergo fre-
quent and thorough washing. AVhen the tin
pans are emptied of the milk from which the
cream has been removed, they are first scalded
in hot water, and then repeatedly rinsed in
pure cold water, no soap being permitted to
be used, lest some infinitesimal portions of it
should adhere to the surface, and thus injure
the flavor of the butter. When the washing
is accomplished they are then exposed, when-
ever the weather permits, to the direct rays
of the sun, whose action seems to produce on
the tin some my.sterious ettect which promotes
the separation of the cream from the milk.
The huge churn is placed by a window, and
after being cleansed, the open mouth is so
turned that the beneficent light may pene-
trate its wooden chamber.
A free ventilation of the room in which the
milk pans stand is secured by windows cov-
ered with wire gauze, and other contrivances,
'and a stream of water is kept constantly
116
THE FRIEND.
='<
flowing around the pans through the entire
length of the room, on both sides, not only to
equalize the temperature, but also that its
power of absorbing odors maj' assist in re-
moving cvcrj-thing that could contaminate
the delicate ai'oma of the butter. The pro-
prietor said that at one time he found a hid-
den cause was in juring the quality of the ai'ti-
cle he manufactured, and after some search
and reflection he discovered that the gas from
a coal-oil lamp which he was using for illu-
mination in the evenings, was absorbed by the
cream and affected the taste of the butter;
and he was compelled to ])lace over the flame
a tin tube to convey the products of the com-
bustion into the outer air.
The information gathered during this visit
has suggested some reflections in thoughtful
moments. Those of his servants, whom the
Head of the Church chooses as his instru-
ments in proclaiming the gospel of salvation,
or whom He employs in his service in other
lines of duty for the good of others, have fre-
quent experience of that washing and refining
process of which the treatment of the milk-
pans may be considered a symbol. After these
have been strengthened with power from on
high to perform the duties required of them,
they often know what it is to be emptied of
all, and to pass through searching baptisms,
every particle of the old manna washed awaj-,
and thus to be fitted for receiving fresh sup-
plies of grace, and a renewed ability to go
forth and labor. Indeed these washings of re-
generation and renewings of the Holy Ghost,
are in measure the experience of all true
christians, and like all the dispensations of
our Heavcnl}- Father, are to be endured with
patience; nay with rejoicing.
Th« t.ai.o of tho biattri -maker t,U RCCp frOm
his milk-house every unsavory odor, may well
remind us how important it is to prevent our
minds from being corrupted bj- any evil pre-
sentations. If we open a book to read, and
find its pages suggesting improper thoughts,
rendering impure the well-spring of action,
flushing the nnnd with unhealthy excitement'
and rendering it less easy and acceptable to
us to turn our hearts with reverent attention
to the feeling of the presence of our Heavenly
Father, how important is it that we close the
volume, and abstain from thatwhich evidently
is injuring us.
If a favorite companion manifests a disre-
gard for the sacred truths of religion, if he
tempts us to indulgences or practices incon-
sistent with its self-denying but most whole-
some and beneficial restraints, if his influence
over us tends to lead us away from the flock
of Christ's companions, lot us beware lost the,
sacred oil entrusted to us should be spoiled by
ett'ects of his languan'e and example.
the
If through giving way to any of the weak
nesses of flesh or spirit, to which we are sub
ject, we find ourselves drawn away from a
filial trust in our Heavenly Father, and a
loving yet reverent turning of the heart to
Him ; and become conscious of something like
a mist rising between, chilling our afteclions,
and intercepting the rays of his love, let us
turn with full purpose of heart, and seek for
forgiveness, restoration to Divine favor, and
strength to contend successfully with those
things that war against the soul, and destroy
its peace and happiness.
Alwence of occupation is not rest;
A mind (juile vacant is a miud distressed.
For "The Friend."
The Approaching Transit of Venus.
We now present to our readers the article
on the approaching transit, referred to at the
conclusion of the introductory essay publish-
ed in our last number. It is, for the most
part, an abridgment of a paper on the same
suliject published in a late number of the
Edinburgh Review. A few inaccuracies of
statement and expression have been corrected,
someadditional matter has been hereand there
inserted, and several passages have been en-
tirely re-written. Although the subject of
Parallax has occupied considerable space in
our introductory paper, yet, as it is at the
root of the whole subject, and as it is desir-
able, therefore, that the reader should have a
pretty clear conception of it, we have thought
best, although it involves some repetition, to
retain most of this portion of the original ar
tide, so that by having the matter presented
to him from dift'erent standpoints and by dif-
ferent hands, the reader may the more readily
and the more fully comprehend it.
It is not unworth}' of remark that in the
several advances towards an adequate idea of
the vast distance of the sun, the one thing
which each successive investigator set himself
mainly to accomplish was thediscoveryof how
large our familiar earth looks when it is seen
from the sun ; for to know how large any body
of already ascertained size appears is substan-
tially to know how f;ir it is away. By exact
measurement performed by the most patient
and laborious application of the theodolite
and measuring rod, man has found that
this earth measures 7,925 miles across in its
broadest diameter. Now we can determine
by the simplest application of geometric prin-
ciples how large a sphere that is 7,925 miles
across must look at any given distance. With
every successive withdrawal from the position
of the observer, it appears less and less. How
far, then, by this estimate is it withdrawn from
the sun, and how small does it look from that
remote post of observation ? Marvellous as it
may seem, there are ways in which this can
be ascertained. Far as the sun is away in the
trackless void, and impossible as it is to take
human organs of vision there to look back
upon the earth, there is nevertheless some-
thing else appertaining to the organization of
man that can be made to perform the inscru-
table journey — namely the human intellect.
This power it is which is to be commissioned
afresh upon the workafewshortmonthshence,
when a numerous staft' of carefully equip]ied
observers start for remote regions of the earth
to watch from those vantage grounds the
planet Venus sweeping, as a black speck,
across the sun's bright face.
What is called in the hard language of tech
nical astronomy the parallactic'displacemeut,
or parallax, of the sun, means virtually, when
it is applied to two stations on opposite sides
of the earth, and is reduced to the simplest
form of expression that the case admits of,
' how large does the earth look from the sun ?'
Thus, if one man stood at some given point on
the earth, and a second man was placed on
the opposite side, exactly a full diameter of
the earth away, and an observer in the sun
looked forth upon these two Terrcstrians, he
would see them an earth's breadth asunder.
The two earth-stationed men, on the other
hand, would look at the observer in the sun
along lines which respectively converged to
his place ; and the angle of convergence of the
two lines, or the difference in the direction r
the said lines, would obviously be identical wit
the angle of divergence by which the two me
are looked at from the sun. In the first cast
■ — that, namely, of convergence — the angle i
observed by the consentaneous action of tw
remote men upon the earth, and that angle i
called the ' parallax ' of the sun. In the secon
case — that namely of divergence — the appt
rent size of the earth is gauged as it is see:
from the sun. Therefore, the parallax of th
sun, or displacement of it caused by viewin;
it from opposite sides of the earth, and th
apparent diameter of the earth considered a
if viewed from the sun, are one and the sam
thing.
It may be here necessary to say, that th'
astronomer in his actual treatment of thi
piece of investigation, has found it convenien
to deal with the half-diameter, rather thai
with the whole diameter, of the earth ; anc
this, simply because he found it possible t(
compare the observed position of the sun wher
just sinkingout of sight upon the horizon witi
the fixed and known position of the luminarj
as it would be seen if contemplated from th(
centre of the earth ; or, what is the same thing
from a position on the earth's surface diamet
rically between that centre and the centre ol
the sun. The solar displacement deduced fron
this method of observation is called the ^hori
zontal parallax' of the sun. To observe, there-
fore, the " horizontal parallax " of the sun is
the same thing as to ascertain half the appa
rent diameter of the earth measured from the
sun. The language of the horizontal parallax,
observation is used, because it affords a con-'
venient average standard of comparison. Ob-
servations from a different base are reduced tc
the expression they would have had if the
exact half-diameter of the earth, which lief
between its circumference and centre, had
been employed.
Now when this most interesting observa-
tion of the sun's parallax is attempted in the
routine of terrestrial astronomy, it is found
that the two lines which run from widely sev-
ered observers, and which meet at the sun,
arc so very nearly in the same direction— so
very nearly parallel with each other — that it
requires the nicest eft'ort of visual discrimina-
tion to discover that they are convergent and
not parallel. If the reader will take the trou-
ble to lay down upon paper two lines diverg-
ing from each other by an angle of one degree,
— that is to say, diverging at the rate of one-,
eighth of an inch in seven inches — and will
then conceive this angular space to bo again
split into 400 subdivisions, he will get some
approximation to a notion of what the quan-
tity is that has to be dealt with when this,
the horizontal parallax of the sun, with a basis
of nearly 4,000 miles, is under examination.
It is just one of these exquisitely minute sub-
divisions that has to be measured.' The quan-
tity, indeed, is so fine that it cannot be deter-
mined accuratelj-, when it is dealt with in a
straightforward direct waJ^ The expedient
is, therefore, adopted of dealing with it indi-
rectly. The nearest neighbor of the earth,
the planet Venus, is made a sort of stopping-
stone. The astronomer, by a subtle exertion
of the might}' magic which it is his privi-
lege to wield, transports himself to the planet
Venus at the convenient contingency when it \
happens to be directly between the earth and ,
sun, and there notes how large the earth ap-
pears from this stage of the journey, that is,
THE FRIEND.
117
8 apparent or ansrular diameter as seen from
lat position ; and then, as he already knows
le aetual diameter of the earth in miles, he
icertains from these data. \>y a simple caleu-
i,tion very familiar to muthematieians, how
i,r Venus is from the earth at that time; and
lien, as he already- knows from another source.
hieh will be furtiier alluded to presently,
hat are the relatire distances from iis of Venus
id the sun, he readily obtains the aetual dis
inco of tlie sun from the earth. This, indeed,
. substantially what astronomers are about
;hen they send earefully prepared cxpedi-
lons forth to remote regions to observe the
Iransit of Venus ' across the sun's face.
In the process of observing this occurrence,
le sun's face is used as a sort of illuminated
al-plate, upon which the progress of the dark
•anet can be traced. It is ver}' convenient to
.16 astronomer to seize the o]iportunit}' to do
lis, because it at once enables the planet's
resence to be marked at a time when it would
;berwise be altogether invisible, and it also
tords a fixed standard of admeasurement to
hich the precise movement of the planet can
? verj- readily and accurately referred. And
.lis is a matter of the utmost moment to the
lecess of the observation ; for this reason,
lat its great efficacy depends upon the fact
iiat the track of the dark planet acro.ss the
in's face is not the same to observers wateh-
g it from remote stations on the earth ; and
lat from the difference of two tracks traced
1 the sun foK remote stations on the earth
tuated at known distances asunder, the ap-
vrent size of the earth as seen from Venus
in be reasoned out.
The relative distances of the several planets
om the sun, as compared with that of the
irth, may be ascertained by various methods.
'DB of these methods — which, however, is
)plicable to the two inferior planets only —
so simple in its general features, that it
iay be well, in this connection, to give a
•ief explanation of it as applied to the planet
I ihicb we are now more especially consider-
g. It is observable that Venus always rises
id sets within a few hours of the sun, that
e is, indeed, never more than about half a
ladrant from him ; so that, when not lost in
s brilliant rays, she either lingers behind him
the evening, or heralds his approach in the
i.rly dawn. This proves that her orbit is
holly within that of the earth; for if it were
I !)t so, the planet would often be seen far
' vay from the sun, and sometimes in the
iposite part of the heavens. When she is
ceding from the sun, her apparent or an-
ilar distance from him increases more and
ore slowly from night to night, until at
iigth she becomes stationary for a time as
spects the sun and then begins to approach
m again. At this turning point she is said to
• at her "greatest elongation from the sun."
bis " greatest elongation " is found, on an
■erage to measure 46° 20', varying, bow-
er, from 45° 26' to 47° 13'. 'i'his varia-
)n is owing chiefly to the elliptical form
the orbits of the earth and Venus. But
avoid complicating our problem, we shall
ive to regard the two orbits as circular,
id to assume that the greatest elongation
ider this supposition is 4G° 20'. Now, if at
e time of such greatest elongation, lines be
■awn connecting the three bodies, we shall
ive a right-angled triangle, Venus being at
touch the orbit of the latter, and would not
cut it ; and geometry teaches us that when a
straight line touches a circle, the line drawn
from the point of contact to the centre is at
right angles to the tangent or touching line.
Of the two acute angles of our triangle, one
is at the sun, and the other is at the earth
and nieasures 40° 20'. With these data we
open our trigonometrical tables, and b}' a
simple iiis]iection of the table of natural sines,
we learn, that if we call the hy]iotheiiuse of
our triangle, fir the distance of the earth I'rom
the sun, 1,000, the perpendicular, or the dis-
tance of Venus from the sun, is 72.'}. When,
therefore, the three bodies are in line, Venus
being between us and the sun (as is the case
at the time of a transit), it follows, that, of the
1,000 measures, or units, re|)resenting the dis-
tance of the latter, 723 will lie between the
sun and Venus, .and the remaining 277 be-
tween Venus and the earth.
CTo be continued.)
For "Tlic Frii'ud'
John Ileald.
(Continnod from pcKO 107.1
When ,l(j|in Heald paid his first religious
visit to the eastward, in 1809-10, he made his
home in Philadelphia, at the house of Benja-
min Kite. The acquaintance thus commenced
ripened into a sincere friendship; one of the
fruits of which was an epistolary correspond-
ence, which was continued, at intervuls. to
near the close of life. A number of the let-
ters of J. II. to his friend B. Kite have been
met with, since the commencement of this
publication of the extracts from his journal.
It seems a suitable time to introduce some
selections from these, before entering upon
the account of the other religious engage-
ments, which ibllowed after our friend's re-
turn from his extensive journey in the South-
ern States.
" Columbiana Co., Ohio, 8th mo. 10th, ISll.
Esteemed Friend : — I received thy letter
dated 5th mo. 10th and 31st. the 23d of last,
though it had come to my house some time
before ; but that day I came home from the
Miami. I was out from home about ten
weeks, chiefly in that quarter. They have
twenty-six meetings, the largest of which is
on White Water— a branch of the Great Mi
ami — and contains 110 families. The rest, of
different numbers ; all of them which I at
tended, 769 [families], besides about thirty
families on the Wabash, near Post Vincent,
about 170 niiles farther than I was. Trying
exercise and hard labor were many times my
lot ; but, I believe it is not too much for me
to say, I was helped in every time of need,
and have desired, and have been enabled, 1
hope, to ascribe the praise to Him, to whom
it is due. Infirmity of body attended me and
still does, and my mind was and is mostly
humble, I trust under a sense of the greatness
of the work, and my inability in a bodily as
well as in a mental capacity to perform it,
but may acknowledge that I believe, yea find,
that there is great advantage in ])assing
through these humbling dispensations, though
for the present they are not joyous, but griev-
ous, 80 true is this:
An hour's adversity m.iv teach U3 more,
Than long prosperity had done before.
I have heard thy son Thomas has for some-
_ _. _ ^ time made a public appearance [as a minister].
Bright angle, because the line from the , I may here observe, that among the many who
.rth to Venus, if produced, would simply set out and set out well in this way, how few
hold out to the end. Some soon turn at^ido;
some again flourish forawhilo, and then forsuke
the cause. Some again, who have steadily trod
along (as far as I have seen), and at ditferent
distances of time, have fallen from a iiighl}-
favored state, where unnumbered blessings
were in their possession, or near at hand, into
an impoverished, lamentable condition, the
mostaiiject and pitiable. I have often viewed
these and applied them to myself, how dan-
gerous my lot is, and how unsafe 1 am, and
with this still added, that it ajijiears to me,
that moreof these (aecordingto their number)
than of any other class, the adversary has
drawn down and degraded. I could, but shall
add no more of this, and only say thiit in early
life some small sufferings I have fiiiind to be
brought up in my mind at different times to
the present stage of life, to my own profit
and that of others; that wo know not when
we pass through adverse trials, the use they
may be of to ourselves or others.
Some of your city will, I expect, be pleased
to hear something about Wm. Planner. 1
was at bis house in the 12th mo. last, and ho
went with me to several places and some
meetings. To me we were agreeably together.
He had a good looking jiiece of land, 1 thought,
and a toleraidy good fix on it, especially for
the backwoods. I was there again since, in
the 5th mo. He had, since I was there be-
fore, laid his concern before the Monthly and
Quarterly Meetings, to perform a religious
visit to the lower part of this State, through
Kentucky and Tennessee, and, I think, the
Carolinas, which was approbated by those
Meetings; but his wife being unwell be was
detained, and I understood, and believe it was
so, was very scarce of that which is still so
necessary to procure bodily sustenance, mo-
ney. He was, I have no doulit, much tried.
But a few daj'S ago, brother William had been
to those parts and told me he was gone, and
I wish him well.
I wish j'ou all well.
Joiix Heald."
The remarks made in the foregoing letter
on the danger of falling away, which attends
those engaged in the public ministry of the
gospel, have received many sad illustrations.
It is a truth, applicable to Christians of every
rank and station, that we are exposed to this
danger, unless we are preserved in a state of
humility and watchfulness. The exhortation
of the apostle is very significant: "Work
out your salvation with fear and trembling."
Though we may rely wnth unsbaking confi-
dence on the unchanging love of God, and that
He will never forsake those who strive to
serve Him ; yet, sad experience teaches us,
how frail we are, and how apt to disobo}' or
neglect the Divine commands. IFence the
truly religious mind is often covered with a
holy fear of doing despite to the Spirit of
Grace ; and this fear, bj- preserving in a hum-
ble and watchful condition, is one of the great-
est safeguards against sin. Those who ai-e
thus exercised, can realize the importance of
our Saviour's command: "Watch and pray,
lest ye enter into temptation." Those who
are placed in the conspicuous station of min-
isters, are subject to the same temptations as
are common toother men ; and may fall away
from a good condition as well as others; un-
less they are preserved in that subjection to
the Divine will, without which none are safe.
But they have also peculiar trials and tempt-
ations. Being made at times instrumental in
118
THE FRIEND.
conv'eying help and comfort to others, thej'
naturally become objects of affectionate inter-
est and regard ; and are looked up to with
a degree of deference and respect that tends
to elevate their self esteem. If not on their
guard, they may appropriate to themselves
some of the jjraise which belongs solely to the
Head of the Church, especially when the gilt
•which has been dispensed to them is attended
with a pleasing delivery and eloquence of lan-
guage. Hence it is often observable, that
those who are most eminent!^- gifted in these
respects, as well as in the Divine power which
accompanies their services, are frequently sub-
jected to mortifyingbaptismsof flesh or spirit,
which make them feel their own insignificance
and dependence on Divine help and support.
Such was the case with the late Thomas
Evans, who possessed, in an unusual degree,
those qualities which are calculated to win
popularity, — brightness of intellect, amiabil-
ity of disposition, a sympathetic nature joined
with energy of character, which enabled him
to render assistance in various ways to those
in trouble, and a fluent, eloquent, and affec-
tionate exercise of the ministry, attended with
much of the Heavenly anointing, which often
carried comfort and conviction to the hearts
of his hearers. But, during all the later years
of his life, he was under much bodily weak-
ness, often accom],iaiiied with suffering, which
had a very humbling effect upon him, and
doubtless was designed as one means of pre-
serving him witbiu the safe enclosure of hu-
mility. It is said of Thomas Kite, near the
close of life, after many years of active ser
vice in the church, that he would walk the
streets of Philadelphia mourning in secret
over the sins of his youth. During his last
afternoon, when he knew death to be near,
the one text that seemed uppermost in his
mind, and which ho many times repeated was
this : "Not by works of righteousness which
we have done, but of His mercy He saveth us
by the washing of regeneration and the re-
newing of the Holy Ghost, which Fie hath
shed on us abundantly, through Jesus Christ,
our Saviour.'" So, William Evans, as the end
drew near, passed through a season of depres-
sion, in which he was stripped of self-confi-
dence, and appeared to value the sympathy
and friendship of those who were far his in-
feriors in religious attainments.
What lively illustrations do these instances
furnish, of the language of the Spirit to the
church of Laodicea : •' As many as I love, I
rebuke and chasten." Let us then accept
such dispensations as evidences of the Divine
love, and bless the hand that smites us.
The allusion in John Ileald's letter to the
difficulty which Wm. Flanner found in pro-
curing money, brings to mind a paragraph in
one of his letters written several years after
this, in which he states that he was then pay-
ing interest on monc}', which he had borrow-
ed to enable him to pay one of the religious
visits which he had been engaged to make.
The difficulty of procuring funds in those
newly settled sections, before the introiluction
of railroad facilities, maj' be readily inferred
from the prices at which ho mentions their
produce was sold. Wheat 50 cts. per bushel,
rj'e, 25 cts., oats, 12i cts., and butter, 6J cts.
per p jund.
CTo be continued.)
-m-^
Influence of Piety. — Lord Peterborough,
more famed for his wit than his religion, when
he had lodged with Fenelon, the Archbishop
of Oambrai, was so charmed with his piety
and beautiful character that he said to him at
parting: "If I stay here any longer I shall
become a Christian in spite of myself"
For "The Friend."
Consistent Walking.
A christian walk, as becomes a professor
of the name of Christ, will be the object of
thoughtful care, and earnest concern in every
religious mind ; and although this necessary
obligation has been at some periods much lost
sight of, indeed buried underneath a weight
of dead forms and ceremonious observances,
yet doubtless this mark of true discipleship
has found faithful supporters in every genera-
tion of the Christian church. May we not
mourn that such examples are not more gene-
ral. In the words of the apostle, " the letter
killeth, but the Spirit giveth life ;" and in pro-
portion as the heart is awakened and brought
under the regenerating power of this divine
principle, which is truly of the Father and
bis Son, will the lives of all be a living type
of an exalted profession.
A consistent bright example ; what a pre-
cious influence this exerts upon all who come
within the range of its awakening power.
How benignant is the lustre that shines out
from the daily path of such. It is more pro-
fitable than words fitly spoken, which are de-
scribed to be as " apples of gold in pictures of
silver."
A christian life flowing as it does, from a
love of the truth embraced in a profession of
godliness, will gradually extend so as to in-
clude our whole w^alk, and even many things
considered of minor importance. How con-
vincing is such a life ; how powerfully it ap-
peals to all engrossed in worldly cares, and to
all who find themselves an easy prey of the
deceitful enemy, to come into the vineyard of
their hearts and labor, where the fruit to be
gathered is not that which comes from the
eager pursuit of wealth, nor the praise of
men ; but the harvest to he reaped is peace,
joy, contentment, patience, meekness, charity.
And is it not for want of this practical belief,
this singleness of dedication to the work which
our heavenly Father gave us to do, as a sepa-
rate branch of the professing church, that the
enemy of all righteousness has been permit-
ted of latter time so much to ensnare our un-
guarded feet ; by which many of the old paths
have been deserted, some of our testimonies
contemned and set aside, as ofno value in our
day, having " outlived the causes" that led to
their adoption.
This is one of the snares, which threatens,
if 3'ielded to, to re mould our whole internal
structure, and conform us more and more fully
to the world, and other religious denomina-
tions ; and if not checked must result in our
extinguishment. I reverently believe it is
the design of the Head of the church to pre-
serve a people that will be jealous for the
cause of fruth, as it was committed to our
Society in the beginning, and for the upright
auppiirt of which many in that day suffered
cruel persecutions and death from prolonged
and loathsome imprisonment. Wo have al-
ways been known as a people different in
manners and maxims from the world at large ;
and if we would perpetuate these, and extend
our existence from one generation to another,
our individuality and original character must
be zealously guarded. Is not our testimony
in behalf of a pure language, simplicity
dress and manners, and a free gospel ministr
according as our Saviour taught his disciple |
worth as much now as at any former time 1
and is not the non observance of these as wii
spread as when the lips of George Fox wc ]
heard up and down through his native Ian
preaching with power ; and calling the pcop ^
out of the follies and formal ceremonial wo
ship of that day to the inspeaking word of I '
vine Grace in the heart. Oh that we wou
return to the same fountain, from which he ai
his co-laborers drank so largely; that we wci
in short, a more earnest people, and faithful
our principles and our early history. Thi
would our broken ranks be renewed with soi
and daughters equipped for warfixre ; we shou
more largely partake of the blessings of tl
Most High, and be fed and nourished fro
His table, to endure all the turnings at
overturnings that may be needed for oi
further refinement. Then indeeJ, would oi
principles be known and read of all men, ai
the Ark which our fathers bore so conspic
ously, would be our rich inheritance.
a" striking example of the effect of faithf
dedication to the pointings of duty, in infl
eucing the hearts of others to renounce tl
hio-hway of the transgressor, and to yield \
the heart to the regenerating power of tl
Spirit of Truth ; is mentioned in the publisli
life of John Woolman, in his own words.
" An ancient man of good esteem in n
neighborhood came to my house to get his w
written. He had young negroes ; and I ask
him privately, how he purposed to dispose '
them? He told rae. I cannot, I then sail
write thy will without breaking my ot '
peace, and respectfully gave him my reasoi
for it. He signified that he had a choict
should have written it; but as I could n
consistent with my conscience, he did not e
sire it; and hence got it written by son
other person. A few j^ears after, there bei:;
great alterations in his family, he came aga
to get me to write his will: his negroes wc
yet young, and his son, to whom he inteml.
to give them, was, since he first spoke to n,
from a libertine, become a sober young m\,
and he supposed Iwould be free, on that :
count, to write it. ' We had a friendly talk i
the subject, and then deferred it; a few dat
after, he came again and directed their fr-
dom ; then I yielded to his wish, and wro
his will."
The faithfulness of this excellent man, pr(-^
ed the means under the Divine blessing, f
rescuing the slaves of this familj^ and thp
descendants, from the curse of bondage ; wh)
upon the heart of the slaveholder a wonder 1
change was wrought, through the power f
Divine Grace, flowing as from vessel to ves; .
P. B
"I believe that every docti-ino, as wells-
every word of God, is only ettectually p'f
fitable as it is worked out in the soul's dtpi
experience. Head knowledge will not •*■
Hearing with the outward ear does but lif9
for the soul. It enables us to make no hel-
waj- towards heaven, nor does it unfold to 8
the tenderness of Christ and his sufferings. r
the real character of God. The truth as ii9
in Jesus is more known in one deep trial, tin
in a year of smooth sailing. Worldly pi<-
peritj' is but indifterent soil for the christn
to grow in ; it rather stunts the soul, unli8
kept mellow by affliction ; and nothing but n
THE FRIEND.
119
Imii'hty arm can save from the sleep of
>ath." W
For •'Tho Friend."
A few suggestions have presented them-
;lves, I believe in love, in thinkint; over the
resent state of our Society in nKinj- places,
ne is, in connection with the text, '• Where
le spirit of the Lord is there is libert3-."
'ow, when a company oitrue believers assem-
le to worship before the Lord, in spirit and
1 truth, will there not be the same liberty
■It to remain silent, as there is to speak? antl
ill not He, who is Head over all things to
is church and pcoj^le, be the alone Guide and
irector ?
We know how valuable words fill}' spoken
•e, whether few or many, and how much de-
snds upon the faithfulness of those who are
illed to the work of the ministry-; but is
lere not danger in the present day, in some
laces, of too much urging and pressing to
)eak, and even judging of the salvation of
lose who do not.
There are many ways of confessing our
essed Lord before men. And as his humble,
;pendent children endeavor to live near unto
lim, he is graciously pleased to show them
St how and when to do so.
■ Do we not believe there are now saints in
lory, who, when they trod this earth, walked
'ell pleasing in the sight of our Heavenly
lather, and who seldom or never in a public
jsembly, felt called upon to speak of the
lork of grace that was going on in their
■arts, or to testify that they were His ac-
'pted children.
These were not slothful in business, butfer-
■Dt in spirit, serving the Lord; daily con-
■ rned for their own salvation and that of
eir fellow men, and ivilUng workers in His
noyard, just in tho way they felt to be re-
1 ii-L'd of them hi/ Him. Having beheld their
•es, "and considering the end of their con-
■rsution," should we lightly set aside their
1 ample or the example of those who are now
J mbh" endeavoring to follow Christ in the
nj- which they believe the unerring Spirit
< Truth leads?
' Let us not, therefore, judge one another
ly more ; but this rather, that no man put a
Kmljling-block or an occasion to fall, in his
1 ither's way."
luliana.
Selected.
It is a satire upon human nature to reflect
tat the cradle and the cofBn, our entrance
f d our exit, should be scenes of fantastic fop-
]'T, of which neither subject can be cou-
i 'JUS. The seeds of vanity are often sown
i the cradle by parents who afterwards com-
]iiu how difficult it is to eradicate them. —
> inael Drew.
ELEVENTH MONTH 29. 1873.
It is a great favor to have a deep, steady
(■Qviction of the immutable truth of the prin-
<;)le8 of the gospel which have always been
lid by the consistent members of the religi-
• 8 Society of Friends, and to keep a firm,
i( wavering adherence thereto. If our lives
a brought into conformity with them, we
Ull find them to ensui-e our attainment of
the fulness of the blessing of tho gospel of
Christ. The "unlearned and unstable" are
liable to be blown about with eveiy wind of
doctrine ; and wresting the scri])tures to their
own destruction, to substitute tor the truth as
it is in Jesus, that which is the ottspring of
the unregenerate reason and imagination, ever
ready to medtlle with the theory of religion,
and always falling short of comprehending
J-ho mj'Steries of tlie kingdom of heaven. But
there is a holy certainty attending tho prac-
tical application of the principles of the gos-
pel, as understood and believed by Friends,
bringing the soul into secret communion with
Him, b}- and through whom grace and truth
were and still are brought to light, and who
alone can supply living faith in our once cru-
cified but now glorified Eedeemer.
Though alwaj-s professing these sacred
truths and principles, there is no doubt liut
that the Society of Friends has long been in
a declining condition. Tho Hicksiie contro-
versy and secession, when they took ])lace,
roused Friends by the shock they produced,
from the lethargy- into which many had slid-
den; and for a time there seemed ground for
hope that more life would circulate through-
out the body. But as the alarming convul-
sion passed oft', it was soon apparent, that
while some wore deepened in religious experi-
ence, others were disposed to relapse into their
former supineness, and not a few had not the
clearsightedness to discover the snare of run-
ning into an opposite extreme of disbelief,
which Satan was spreading for their feet.
The love and eager pursuit of wealth have
been a besetting sin within our borders, and
with its acquisition, the undue reliance on
school learning, and the willingness to be
governed by the wisdom of this world, the
gratification of the lust of the flesh, the lust
of theeyeand the pride of life, has been largely
indulged by vavy many of the members. The
simplicity and self-denial of our forefathers
have been rejected, and the talents bestowed
with the command, ''occupj' until I come,"
have been buried in the earth, wrapped in the
napkin of a fair religious profession.
The adorable Head of the church, b}' his
invincible power, brought the early Friends
out from among other professors, and having
fully instructed them, by the iushining of his
holj' Spirit, in the mysteries of his gospel, en-
abled them to maintain and promulgate it,
"as the ministers of God, in much patience,
in afflictions, in necessities, in distresses, in
stripes, in imprit-onmeuts, in tumults, in labors,
in watchings, in fastings." He has at dif
ferent times, and to succeeding generations,
declared by his servants, whom He has raised
up and qualified for his service, that He will
not allow the doctrines and testimonies He
has required Friends to exemplify before the
world, to fall to the ground, nor they, as a
Society, to become extinct. But those ser-
vants have also declared, that if while He was
looking lor grapes, the members continued
to bring forth wild grapes, He would shake
it and reshake it until that only remained
which could not be shaken; after which it
should again be instrumental in gathering the
people to him, the Shiloh of God.
Ann Jones, of Stockport, England, in a very
solemn sermon preached by her, at her own
meeting, not long before her death, made use
of the following prophetic language : " The
day hastens on apace when this people will
be shaken in a way they little expect — when
tho hail shall sweep away the refuge of lies;
when all that can be shaken will bo shaken
to the ver}' base. I'^or the da}' will try every
man's work, of what sort it is, and all that
are not found building on the immutalde liock
of ages will bo swept away. For tho hail
shall sweep away the refuge of lies, and the
waters shall overflow the hiding-place, when
the overflowing scourge shall pass through.
Then, may we know the Lord to be our dwel-
ling jdace, to hide us in the clettsof the rocks,
and in the tops of the ragged rocks, until tho
storm be overpast."
Some years alter the Bcaconile heresy had
broken out in England, and some of the more
active among them had left the Sociel}',
Sarah L. Grubb, in a communication delivered
in tho men's apartment of the Yearly Meeting
said —
" She was once more amongst us — she had
been impressed with exercise both that morn-
ing when in their (the Women's) meeting, and
since among us, that there were few now who
were able to see the state in which we are;
lilindness, in part, had happened to so many.
The leaders of the people had caused them to
err ; some bad acted vilelj-, had oven kissed
their Master while they betrayed him. There
had been many sandy builders amongst us,
but few dig deep enough to get to the rock.
There was much disjjo.sition to dwell on the
surface, and to cherish it both in Meetings for
Worship and Lisciplinc. There was much of
creaturi.-ly activity, but tho Lord would never
own such ; and whoever they were who were
building on tho sand, whether they were such
as fronted the people or not, the storms and
tempests that were yet to come, would sweep
them away. Yes, tho floods and the rains
would descend upon theirbuilding,and it would
not stand, though some were now very fair to
look upon. But there were a few burden
bearers, and she wished they might be willing,
as it were, to bear the Ki'k on their shoulders
till the time of deliverance came.
" When our predecessors were enduring
persecution, and iinmui'ed in noisome dun-
geons, with evil company, how they increased !
And now, in a time of case, how few we are,
and what a scattering there had been ; many
had tried to remodel this church, but it never
could and never would be done ; because it,
was first gathered by the Power of Him before
whom all men are but as 'a drop of a buck-
et, and who taketh up the isles as a verj- little
thing :' and the Lord would not undo His own
work.
" How much the young were to be felt for;
how many parents were aetiug as Aaron did,
when he made the gods: and tho peojile said,
•These be thy gods, O Israel, that brought
thee out of the land of Egj'pt." She knew
she was taking up the time, and felt that some
were quer3'ing what would all this come to?
But the Lord was her witness, that she desired
we might take the warning; — that she had not
even been tempted as Jonah was to complain
because the people repented ; but she had ra-
ther it were so, though the Lord had been
pleased to speak by her. She had prayed that
the judgment might be averted, and that He
would spare his people. He did indeed take
up tho isles as a very little thing: and men
were but as grasshoppers before him. Sho
nevertheless desired wo would be warned by
a poor insignificant instrument; if not, many
would come from the east and from tho west,
and would take the seats of those who had
120
THE FRIEND.
been unfaithful, and a glorious crown would
be given them."
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
Foreign.— The remonstrances of the United States
<'Overnment willi that of Spain on acconnt of the capture
Sf the Virginius, and the execution of the passengers
and crew, have cau.sed angry feeling at Madrid, and tlie
late interviews hetween the United States Ministers and
the Spanish autliorilies have been of a stormy character.
A Madrid dispatch of the 22d says: " President (.'aste-
lar had a long conference to-day with Mr. Layard, the
British Minister. The result of the interview is favor-
able to the continuance of good relations.
"The idea of submitting the case of the Virginus to
arbitration is much talked of, and should this counse be
agreed to, the German Emperor is indicated as the
probable arbitrator." There is no doubt the Spanish
government desire to preserve friendly relations with
this country, and are disposed to make all reasonable
concessions in the matter, but the po.sition at this time
is critical, and they daie not ollend popular feeling.
Prominent officers of the insurgent force, at Carta-
gena, had determined to surrender the city to the
national government, but the plot was discovered^ by
their colleagues and the parties were arrested. Con-
treras and Cralvos are now sole rulers of the insurgents.
Don Alphonso, brother of Don Carlos, has been ap-
pointed (jeneralissimo of the Carlist forces. According
to a Bayonne dispatch, a body of 400 republic;ins, in
the proVince of Almeria, had been destroyed by the
Carlists recently, all of the soldiers being either killed
or captured.
In the French Assembly on the 19th inst., a motion
for the unconditional prolongation of President Mac-
Mahon's powers was rejected ; also a proposition that
the question be referred to a popular vote, was defeated, , . ,-, , „„
8S yeas to 499 navs. The Assembly finally agreed, by ^"T , fT.L^^\
a majority of 00, "that MacMahon's powers should be made a part ot the postal
prolonged seven years independently of the adoption of
constitutional bills. A motion that a committee of
thirty be appointed to report on constitutional bill, was
adopted by a majority of OS.
Gambet'ta and Jules Favre, have appeared as wit-
nesses in the B.izaine trial. Favre gave an account of
his interview with Bismarck, and declared that the
latter told him he had reason lo believe Bazaine would
not recognize the government of September.
The population of Berlin is now stated to be 907,419,
having increased 80,824 in ten years.
An explosion took place in the colliery at Wigan, on
the 21st inst., by which twenty-live miners were killed
or injured.
Disraeli made a political speech in Glasgow, on the
22d inst. He predicted a great struggle in Europe be-
tween the spiriuial.and temporal powers. He feared
the conflict might result in anarchy, and declared that
the partisans of home rule in Ireland would unmask
and show Great Britain their real designs.
The London Times says, the demand for the surren-
der of the Virginius could not with justice be main-
tained, but the other demands reported to have been
made on Spain by the United States, are such .as Eng-
land might join in.
An immense demonstration in favor of home rule
took place in Dublin the 23d inst. It is estimated that
00,000 persons took part in the procession and mass
meeting which followed. Speeches to the multitude
were made by several orators. No disturbance oc-
curred.
London, lltli mo. 22d. — Consols, 92^ U. S. sixes,
1805, 93; new hve per cents, 91J. The Bank of Eng-
land rate of discount has been reduced to S per cent.,
and loans in the open market have been made at 0 per
cent.
Liverpool. — LTpl.ands cotton Sid. a Sid.; Orleans,
Sid. Sales of Orleans shipped in the next two months,
8'9-ied
A Calcutta dispatch of tlie 19th says: The fears of
famine in Bengal are revived. The press advi.se the
importation of food from America.
Dispatches from Cape Coast Castle report that the
English snrpriscil an Ashantee caiup. The natives at
lirst look to the jungle, but afterwards rallied and at-
tacked the troops. They were driven ofl' after an en-
gagement of two hours. Five English othcers and fifty-
two African auxiliaries were wounded. General W'ol-
seley had made a reconnoisance in fiont, and found
40,000 Ashantecs encamped at .Mamfon.
A very heavy snowstorm has occurred in and around
St. Petersburg. The river Neva is closed by ice.
The Dutch expedition against Acheen has left Ba-
tavia.
The efTective Spanish force in Cuba is officially stated
to number 54,000 men.
According to Dr. AV. Reiss, of Heidelberg, by whom
the first successful ascent of the crater of Cotopaxi was
made, the height of the mountain is understated in
Humboldt's and other estimates; the barometer giving
19,000 feet, and separate trigonometrical calculations
19,490 feet for the northern and 19,427 for the southern
summit respectively.
By the arriv.al at San Francisco of the steamer Great
Republic, advices from .Japan to the 1st inst. have been
received. On the 24th nit. tlie Ministers of the Mikado,*
with two exceptions, resigned in consecjuence of a pro-
position to send an expedition to Corea. The resigna-
tions were accepted, but subsequently most of them
were withdrawn, and the Mikado has abandoned his
Corean and P'ormosan projects.
A dispatch from Rome of the 20th says : The Pope
to-day delivered an address to the foreign students about
to leave for their homes in consequence of the suppres-
sion of religious institutions. He warned the Ameri-
cans among them of the complete and almost excessive
liberty to which they would soon be exposed, but at the
same "time drew a contrast between non-interference
with the Church in their country and the persecutions
to which it was subjected in the German Empire.
United States. — The interments in Philadelphia
last week were 252 in number. There were 40 deaths
of consumption, 8 of apoplexy, S typhoid fever, 8 di.sease
of the heart, and 8 old age.
The deaths in New York last week were 519. Wm.
M. Tweed, for many years an influential New York
politician, has been found guilty of enormous frauds
upon the city. He has been sentenced to twelve years
imprisonment and to pay a tine of S12,750.
The expenditures of "the Post-otfice Department for
the year ending 6th mo. 30th last, were 329,084,945,
and the receipts for the same period $22,990,741. The
the Telegraph should be
part of the postal system without further delay,
and urges the assumption of the telegraph service by
the government.
The Gloucester fishing fleet lost twenty-four vessels
and one hundred and fifty-two men during the past
year.
The ^farkct.% &c. — The following were the quotations
on the 22d inst. New York. — American gold, llOi.
U. S. sixes, 1881, 113i; ditto, 1802, 108^; 10-40 5
per cents, 108. Superfine flour, $5.35 a $0.10; State
extra, $0.30 at 6.75; finer brands, $7 a $10.25. White
Michigan wheat, .S1.75; red western, S1.52; No. 2
Chicago spring, $1.45. Canada barley, $1.75; Slate,
SI. 35 a S1.37. Oats, 54 a 57 cts. Western white corn,
78a80cts. ; yellow, 70 a 71 cts. Philadelphia. — Up-
lands and New Orleans middling cotton, 15i a lO-V cts.
Cuba sugar, 7 a 7J cts. Superfine flour, $4.50 a $5;
extras, $^5.25 a $5.75; finer brands, tO a $10. White
wheat, $1.05 a $1.80 ; amber, $1.58 a $1.05 ; red, $1.45.
Rye, 76 a 80 cts. Yellow corn, OS a 09 els. O.its, 47
a 53 cts. Smoked hams, 11 a locts. Lard, 7-1 a 7^ cts.
C;lorer .seed, 6 a 8 cts. per lb. Chicago. — Extra Spring
flour, $5 a $5.75. No. 1 spring wheat, $1.10 ; No. 2 do.,
$1.05 ; No. 3 do., $1. No. 2 mixed corn, 40 cts. No.
2 oats, 32 cts. Rye, 05 cts. No. 2 barley, $1.35.
Louisville. — Extra family flour, $5.75. Corn in sacks,
55 a 00 cts. Oats in sacks, 45 a 48 cts. Lard, 8 a 8}
cts. Ballimore. — Southern white corn, 70 a 72 cts.; yel-
low, 68 cts. ; new corn, 50 a 65 cts. Oats, 48 a 52 cts.
St. Loui.'i.
spring, $1.04 a $1.05. No 2 mixed corn, 42 cts. Cin-
cinnati.— Family flour, $0.75 a $7. Wheat, $1.40. Old
corn, 54 a 55 cts. Rye, SO a 82 els. Lard, 7J a 71 cts.
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
As the stations of Superintendent and Matron of tlj
Institution are expected to be vacated at the close of t;,
Winter Session, in the 4tli month next. Friends w
may feel drawn to undertake the duties attached
them, are requested to communicate thereon with eitl ■
of the following named members of the Committee,
Nathaniel N. Stokes, Cinnaminson Post-oili
Burlington Co., N. J.
Charles Evans, No. 702 Race St., Philadelphi
Deborah Rhoads, Haddonfield, N. J.
Rebecca S. Allen, No. 335 S. Fifth St., Pliila
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE.
Near Frankford, (Twenty-third Ward,) Philadelphic
Physician and Superintendent — Joshua H. Wort-
INGTON, M. D.
Applications for the Admission of Patients may
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Board
Managers.
MARitiED, at Friends' Meeting, West Grove, Chesi
Co., Pa., Eleventh month 13ih, 1S73, Edward Savei
of Wilmington, Del., to Hannah Hughes, of i
former place, daughter of Samuel and Mary A
Hughes, both deceased.
Died, at North Dartmouth, Mass., on the 30th'
lOlh month last, George M. Eddy, a beloved meral'
of Dartmouth Monthly Meeting, in the 63d year uf :
age. This dear Friend was distinguished for his qu
and forbearing disposition ; and few were more wati
ful lest the cau.se of Truth should suffer from his i-
ample or precept, and he thereby become a stumblii-
block to others. He was a tender and affectionate h ■
band, a kind and gentle father, ever feeling a d(]
concern that his children might be brought up in t;
nurture and admonition of the Lord. He was care
never to allow his business, though often of a pressi;
nature, to prevent his attending meetings as they ca '
in course, taking his family with him as much as pr-
ticable. Hemetwithmanyclo.se trials and provii;
during the late civil war, feeling constrained to bear i
testimony to the peaceable principles of Friends in i
open manner. More than once the infuriated popul ■
threatened to destroy his place of bu.siness, by lire '
otherwise, if he did not comply with certain reijiii-
ments wliich his peaceable principles would not pern.
At one time having been absent from the city, on i
return he was met by a delegation of men, appoin 1
for the purpo.se, who said to him that if he did not el ;
his store during a war meeting to be held thai ali-
noon, it would be destroyed before morning, lie m
favored with ability calmly and quietly but unfliii •
ingly to remonstrate with them against their pruce-
ings, and to inform them that he could not consci •
tiously comply with their demands. He who had e r
proved a present helper in every needful time, did t
fail him in this time of trial ; for he was preserved -
harmed in person or propert}', to the end of the coiitl .
Having endeavored to be faithful in his early days.i
he advanced in life he evinced an increasing conceri )
live up to the principles and testimonies of the religi i
Society of which he was a member, as promulgated '
George Fox and his co-laborers at its rise, and for whi
he felt concerned faithfully to stand through evil rept
nd to strengthen and hold
and good report, and to strengtnen and liold up
No. 3 fall wheat, $1,272 «■•■ $1-30; No. 2jhands of those who were brought under suffering r
their faithful testimony and allegiance to them, and 1
the unshaken faith of which he lived and died. \\'l
he had been confined to his bed two or three days, ■
said to his wife that he believed it to be his last si-
ness, and he did not know that he could be taken ai
better time. He had endeavored to live in a statef
preparation, and now through the mercy of God i
Christ Jesus our Lord, every thing looked peaceful ?!
sweet, and he believed there was a mansion pre|M
for him. He observed. " there is nothing worth liv
for compared with the joys of Heaven," evincing tl
he had been made willing to give up his family, wh
had cau.sed him a great struggle. He then supplicu
most fervently, and after a little pause, said, " -V n
dav begins to dawn, it is already light." Afterwai
FRIEND.S' B0.\BDING SCHOOL FOR INDL\N he'spoke of his approaching diss'olution and gave so"
FOR RENT
To a Friend, the small dwelling on the meeting-house
property. West Philadelphia. An oversight of the
property will be accepted as part of the rent.
Apply to
John C. Allen, Forrest Building, 119 South
Fourth street.
Henry Haines, 512 Walnut street.
CHILDREN, TUNESASSA, NEW YORK.
A teacher of the school will be wanted at the com-
mencement of the Spring term.
Application may be made to
Ebenezer Worth, Marshal Iton, Chester Co., Pa.
Joseph Scattergood, 413 Spruce St., Philada.
Aaron Sharpless, Street Road P. O., Chester
Co., Pa.
Thomas Wistar, Fox Chase P. O., Philada.
directions in regard to his burial, and said he felt ti^
his work was done. Ai intervals his voice w.as sevc
times heard in supplication ; in which state he o
tinned until his purified spirit took its flight, we dot-
not, to the mansion of which he spake as being p-
pared for liiin.
WILLIAM h! PILeTpKINTEK.
No. 422 Walnut Street.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. XLVII.
SEVENTH-DAY, TWELFTH MONTH 0, 1873.
NO. 16.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
ice Two Dollars per annum, if paid in advance. Two
dollars and fifty cents, if not paid in advance.
SabdcriptiODa and Payments received by
JOHN S. STOKES,
IT SO. 116 XCJRTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS,
PHILADELPHIA.
stage, when paid quarterly in advance, five cents.
For -Tin; Friend."
The Approaching Transit of Venus.
tCoDtinued from page 117.)
The astronomer, then, having possessed
mself of these proportions, proceeds to m:ike
8 practical application of tlieni in ascertain-
g the sun's distance, in this way. He first
£68 beforehand upon two suitable, remote
ations on the earth, and then employs com-
itent observers to watch from them the pas-
ge of the planet across the sun's face. One
ethod of obtaining the exact measure of the
stance asunder of the transit-tracks on the
n's face, is for the observers to note the pre-
36 time that is occupied by each passage.
Ben, since the apparent angular motion per
ur, that is their change of apparent place
aong the stars, both of Venus and the sun.
i the time, is known, we can deduce from
•e time occupied by the transit, as seen by
• i;h observer, the length of the tratisit track
'pressed in minutes and seconds of an arc.
. -Xt — assuming that the tracks are straight
; d ].iarallel (which is very nearly the case) —
I ice the sun's face is a eii-cle, the diameter of
' lich at the time (also expressed in minutes
id seconds of an arc) is accurately known,
'■ c;in calculate exactly the relative position
I the two tracks or chords, in the said circle,
id hence also their precise distance apart,
(pressed in seconds of an arc. This distance
; ai't can also bo obtained, but not so accu-
iit--!}', by each observer taking frequent mea-
trements during the transit, of the angular
itcinee of the track from the edge of the
MIS disk. But this distance apart of the two
ticks marked, as it were, across the sun's
te, by whatever method obtained, is their
J parent distance apart as viewed from the
fth. The same absolute distance on the sun's
t 'faec, if viewed from Venus and measured
I -re, would subtend an angle greater than
t It measured at the earth exactly in the pro-
Jrtion that the earth's distance is greater
t in the distance of Venus, that is in the pro-
[rtion that 1000 is greater than 723, because
t; nearer an object is to us the larger is the
Vual angle that it will subtend. Suppose
iw the observed angle of separation of the
to tracks seen by two remote observers on
t) earth's surface and measured in the man-
irjust described, is found to be 35 seconds;
the same distance on the sun's face if viewed
from Venus would subtend an angle of 48i
seconds, because 48} is greater than .35 in the
proportion that 1000 is gretiter than 723.
Now, if a straight line were drawn from
one of our earth-stationed observers through
Venus to the sun, it would terminate in the
imaginar}- lino that we have supposed to be
drawn on the sun's disk to represent the ap-
parent path of Venus across the sun as seen
by that observer. If then two such lines be
drawn at the same instant, one from each ob-
server, they will cross each other at the planet,
say at its centre, and will there form four
angles, two of them very large and equal to
each other, and two of them verj' small and
also equal to each other.* Now, of the latter
pair of opposite angles, the one towards the
sun is, in the case supposed above, 48 i seconds,
and therefore the other angle, that is the one
towards the earth, is also 48j seconds. But
this last angle is the apparent or angular dis-
tance apart of the two earth-stationed ob-
servers as seen from Venus,
We will next assume that our two observers
are 6000 miles apart (as measured along a
line at right angles to the line joining the
earth and Venus.) Now we know how far
apart two lines diverging at an angle of 48i
seconds are at any given distance from the
angle or point of divergence, and vice versa.
At one mile from the angle they are 235 mil-
lionths of a mile asunder : at one million miles,
theretbre, they are separated by a space of
235 miles; and hence, by a simple proportion
we learn that where the said lines are (J, 000
miles a])art the ])oint of divergence must be
distant about 25,500,000 miles. This, then, is
about the distance of Venus when she is be-
tween us and the sun, if the data we have as-
sumed are correct. But we want to know the
distance of the sun. As already stated, the
relative mean distancesof Venus and the earth
from the sun are 723 and 1000: when, there-
fore, they are in a line the distance of Venus
from the earth on the same scale will be re-
presented by the difference of these numbers,
that is b_y 277, as ali-eady explained. We say
then, as 277 is to 1000 so is 25,500,000 miles,
(the distance of Venus from us) to the distance
of the sun, which, by working out this pro-
portion, we find to be about 02,000,000 miles.
In the foregoing we have used the relative
meaii distances of tho earth and Venus from
the sun. The variation from these in different
parts of their orbits is considerable. The as-
tronomer is of course careful to use the true
relative distances as they actually are at the
time of the transit, these being of course
affected by the ellipticity of the two orbits
and the " perturbations" of the other planets
and of our moon. There are other circum-
stances which have to be taken into account
in determining bj- this method the sun's par-
allax; but these have not been introduced in
It will assist the reader to draw the figure.
the foregoingexplanation, as our aim has been
simply to give the reader an idea of tho gen-
eral ]irinciples,
Tho transits of Mercury and \^enus are said
to have been first predicted by Kejiler. Ho
announced a transit of Mercury for 1G31. and
two of Venus for 1031 and 17G1. The transit
of Mercury was observed by Ciassendi, a dis-
tinguished French mathematician and ])hilo-
sopher. That of Venus in the same year wtis
not seen in consequence of the sun being at
the time below the horizon of observers in
western Europe, Another transit of Venus,
which Kepler had not predicted, was observed
in 1030, near Liverpool, bj- Jeremiah Hor-
rocks, a j'oung Englishman who had six years
before discovered that the transit would take
place, although he announced the fact to no
one except to his friend William Crablree, of
Manchester. Crabtree watched for the new
phenomenon, but owing to the clouds he
caught but one view of it a few minutes be-
fore sunset.
As early as 1G63, the ingenious James Gre-
gory (the inventor of the Gregorian telescope)
|)ointed out the use that could be made of
transits of Venus for obtaining the solar par-
allax, and subsequently Dr. Halley made a
similar suggestion, and proposed a method for
carrying it into effect. He could not expect
to live until the occurrence of the next transit,
(he died in 1742, in his eighty-sixth year,) but
he exhorted his successors to prepare them-
selves for the event. Accordingly extensive
preparations were made for observing the
transit of 1761 for this purpose, and expedi-
tions were sent to such remote stations as
were considered the most eligible and acces-
sible. Some of the principal of these w^ere
Tobolsk, Calcutta, Madras, St. Helena, the
Cape of Good Hope and the small island of
Rodrigue, in the Indian ocean. But unfavor-
able weather at some of the stations and other
difficulties that had not been provided for, pre-
vented the full success of the undertaking.
From some of the more relialilo observations
a parallax of 8i seconds was deduced, but ac-
cording to Pingre the collected results gave a
parallax as great as 10* seconds. The former
value makes the sun's distance about 96 mil-
lion miles, and tho latter about 78 millions.
Such a discrepancy was mortif^-ing, and as-
tronomers, feeling determined to profit by tho
experience theyhad gained in 1761, looked
forward with some impatience to the next
transit which was to happen just eight years
after, to wit on the 3rd of Sixth month, 1769.
Accordingly in that j-ear the renowned navi-
gator. Captain Cook, was sent to Otaheite, in
the South Pacific, to watch the appearance of
the transit, while a large band of astronomers
were to be engaged in the same way in tho
opposite hemisphere of the earth, viz : at Cape
Wardhus, Kola, St. Petersburg, Yakutsk and
other places in the far north, and at various
points in Europe and Asia. Observations were
made at about fifty stations in Europe, at six or
122
THE FRIEND.
more Id Asia, and some seventeen in America.
There were two stations in California, and one
on the west coast of Hudson's Baj', in latitude
58° -iTi' North. Among the American obser-
vations may be especially noted (both on ac-
count of their real value and as a matter of
interest to the readers of '• The Friend") those
made at three stations in and near Philadel-
phia, by committees appointed for the pur-
pose bj' the American Philosojihical Society,
viz : in the State House Square, Philadelphia,
at the residence of David IJittenhouse, Nor-
riton (about 20 miles iS^. W. of Philadelphia),
and near Cape Ilenlopen, Delaware.*
After the various observations had been
brought together and collated, there was
found to be more discrepancy than had been
anticipated in the results obtained from dif-
ferent pairs of observations ; but by using
those which from the relative situations of
the observers and other circumstances were
the most reliable, the values obtained for the
sun's mean horizontal parallax by different
astrimomers, varied from S.-17 seconds to 8.92
seconds, the former indicating a distance of
96,480,000, the latter 91,620,000 miles.
CTo be coDtinned.J
For ''The Friend."
Mixed Marriages.
There can hardly be a doubt that the ground
of the testimony our early Friends had against
mixed marriages, was because of their fear
that from the want of congeniality induced
by dissimilar educ;itional training, and espe-
cially from diversity in religious sentinient,
such parties could not live so harmoniously,
or the domestic nest be so happy and sweet
as when the religious views are the same, and
the intellectual status not much unlike. A
good deal of stress should properly be placed
upon this, because much of the congeniality
of heart and mind is fairly attributable to
such signiticant fact. For instance, how gen-
erally well understood is the frequency with
which even those who love each other, do not
see eye to eye, and harmouiziag in Christian
belief and in Christian doctrine. A large part
of the troubles and animosities, and even
deadly strifes that have disturbed society and
afflicted Christendom in general, is attribut-
able to this fruitful source. Hence, have we
any ground to expect that where parties,
whose religious training and moral and intel-
lectual culture have been greatly different,
are brought into such endearing, at least
close, because life-enduring bond, that they
will be so likely to coalesce, and to sail
smoothly over life's troubled sea? Facts ver}'
greatly disprove such hypothesis. And then
also — a resultant by no means to be overlook-
ed in this connexion — if the parties have
children, what will likely be the eff'ect upon
them? Will not iiidetermination, doubt or
indifference, and ultimate estrangement be
the probable, legitimate, bitter fruits?
How wisely forecasting and restraining,
* See Transact ions of the American Philosophical So-
ciety, Vol.1. The Coraiiiittee fur tlie Observatory in the
State-House Square, were John Ewing, .Joseph Sliiiipen,
Dr. Hugh Williamsoii, Charles Thompson and Thomas
Prior. For the Norrilon Observatory were appuiiited
William Smith, Provost of the College of Philadelphia,
John Lukens, Surveyor General of Pennsylvania, David
Kittenhuuse, of Norriton, and .John Sellers, Represen-
tative in Assembly for Chester county. The Cape
Henlopen observations were conducted by Owen Biddle
and Joel Bailey, assisted by Richard Thomas of t'hes-
ter countv.
then, is the following from our excellent code
of Discipline: "It is advised, that parents
exercise a religious care in watching over
their children, and in endeavoring to guard
them against improper connexions in marriage;
that they (to continue the quotation) be not
anxious to obtain for them large portions and
settlements, but that they be joined with per-
sons of religious inclinations, suitable disposi-
tions and diligence in their business, which
are more necessary to a comfortable life in a
married state." And also the subjoined from
the same, which is required to be read annu-
ally in our Preparative or Monthly Meetings:
" That no young or single persons make or
encourage proposals of marriage with each
other without consent of parents or guardians,
or keep company with those not of our re-
ligious Society upon that account; and if
parents give their consent to, or connive at
their children's thus keeping company, or
marrying, that they be dealt with according
to our Discipline."
In Friend's Library, vol. 12, pp. 433, 434, is
the following account given b}- Martha liouth,
while on a religious visit to the inhabitants of
the island of Nantucket, in the year 1795. It
sorrowfully represents how the sad fruits of
disobedience sometimes press heavily upon
us, when the awful messenger of death pre-
sents that serious view of things which should
be allowed their due place in health and
strength ; and when the paini'ul consequence
might have been averted : " We had an oppor-
tunity of sitting with a widowed Friend and
her surviving children, who had that day
buried her eldest daughter, a very comely
young woman, who about eleven months be-
fore, contrary to her mother's and friends'
advice, had gone out in marriage with one
not of our Society. When so ill that her dis-
solution appeared near, she requested to see
me, if I was free to go. My dear friend, E.
Roich, accompanying me, we went and sat by
her ; an att'ecting time indeed it was; her near
relations were in great distress, and her own
was almost insupportable, begging earnestly
in a plaintive language, that seemed aloiost
to pierce my soul, for a little longer time, that
she might be favored to feel a hope of recon-
ciliation to the Almighty, and to her friends;
saying, she was afraid she had been deceived
in thinking she had a right to choose for her-
self in the step she had taken.
" I could say very little, but recommended
to her and those about her, as much stillness
and inward retirement as they could attain,
and to seek the Father and Fountain of all
sure mercies; feeling little or no evidence re-
specting her life or death, acceptance or re-
jection by the Lord ; yet I expressed a hope
that a little longer time would be given, re-
membering the compassion of Christ to the
thief on the cross. This proved to bo the
case ; during which time my mind was brought
uniler an unusual travail, both by day and
night, on her account. When I went to see
her again, she lay very (|uiel, though in great
bodily pain, and seemed to have a ray of hope;
saying, all she could endure while she lived,
she desired to bear with patience, if her time
might be lengthened until her peace was more
fidly made. While sitting with her, I was
not afraid to believe or mention, the evidence
vouchsafed, that there was mercy for her with
the Lord ; at which she seemed much ten-
dered.
"On seeing her again, she had in the interim
undergone much painful conflict; and goB
in with L. R. a few hours before her clo6
one of her sisters thought her in a quiet slee
but on going to her I found it was the slei
of death, which took place in about thr
hours. Nothing that could be said wou
then affect her, but a passage of Scriptu
rising again with life, which had opened li
ingly in my view when sitting by her on
tbrmer visit, though not then to make me
tion of, I believed I was now commissiom
to drop it: ' Comfort ye, comfort ye my pe
pie,' &c. ; for I have a firm belief ' her warfai
was 'accomplished.' Which was matter
much consolation to her afflicted mother ai
relatives ; yet 1 had strongly to recommer
to the 3'ounger part of the family, that tl
deeply affecting and instructive lesson migl
not be Ibrgotteu, but remembered like 'tl
wormwood and the gall,' to the humbling
their souls, which I thankfully hope will 1
the case with some of them at least."
That ancient Israelite and worthy set
John Churchman, has left us the annex(
hints and cautious with respect to the me
a b c lessons in this' very important step
life. A step which for good or evil involv (
so much, and has such a practical, swayii
influence, both for time and eternity, it
thus, as an extract from a letter of his, inlr I
duced to the reader.
John Churchman's advice to a young worn:
on the subject of marriage : "I feel theanxio
perplexed state thy mind is in, though the
be no objection as to outward circumstanci,
and thy relations and friends are pleased wi
the proposal. Yet as it is a 'concern of ll
utmost importance, it may seem difficult ho
to determine." After some useful hints of li
own experience he thus proceeds :" The
arc seasons when the mind, fixed in deep ;i
tention on the Sovereign Good, is compost
and quiet, totally uninfluenced by outwai
objects, when human considerations lose the
energy, and we, regardless of the seniimen
of men, are only solicitous to gain the ajipr
bation of Heaven, and follow wheresoever t j
is pleased to lead, whether to do or to sufte 'i
In these awful moments calmly weigh it, ai
see how it then appears, whether it brim
uneasiness or a cloud, or otherwise; and li
nothing prevent thy acting accordingly. 1 ,
other limes think as little about it as may b t
it will but tend to puzzle and distress tl •-
mind the more. Never let persuasion or tl
bias of affection induce thee to depart fro
the sense and judgment that is formed het
Be sure marry none but an Israelite. The
is most assuredly to be met with by the ho
est inquirer, that which can direct to an haii
breadth." E. S. J.
PIrilada., 11th mo. 27th, 1S73.
The Christian is the world's Bible, and tl
only one that it reads. If we take care th
in this book be plainly shown the lovii
spirit, the grandeur and the winning frion
lincss of Christ, then shall we see manj' hear
open to receive this actual testimony of chri
tian life and suffering. For many of our o
ponents env3' us in secret our christian coi
fort in misfortune and under heavy losse
Their hearts are often stirred by a deep year
ing after the support which bears us up; ar
this superiority of the Christian life can oftt
drive the hardest heart to seek the help '
our Lord. In fine, only life can beget 111
Before such argument ancient Rome herse
THE FRIEND.
123
e nii<;htiest empire of tlie world, and the
)8t lio.>stile to Christianity, could not stand,
it us live in like manner, and then, (though
lishould have a short-lived triumph) eventu-
y must be fulfilled what Augustine says:
jovc is the fulfilling of the truth." — Prof.
\eodore Christleib, of Bonn, before the N. Y.
inference of the Evangelical Alliance.
Cornels.
(Contiuoed from page 115.)
THE DISINTEGRATION OF COMETS.
The fact that in several instances meteoric
reams move in orbits identical with those
certain comets was first established by the
searches of Signor Sehiaparelli. The theory,
iwever, of an intimate relationshiji between
mets and meteors was advocated bj- the
riter as long .since as 1861, — several years
evious to the publication of Schiaparelli's
?moirs. In the essay here referred to it was
jntioned —
1. That meteors and meteoric rings "are
e debris of ancient but now disintegrated
tmet.s whose matter has become distributed
ound their orbits."
2. That the separation of Biela's comet as
approached the sun in December, 1845, was
it one in a series of similar processes which
Duid probably continue until the individual
igments would become invisible.
|3. That certain luminous meteors have
tered the solar system from the interstellar
laces.
4. Tiiat the orbits of some meteors and
■riodic comets have been transformed into
ipses by planetary perturbation ; and
5. That numerous facts — some observed in
icient and some in modern times — have been
icidedly indicative of cometary disintcgra-
)n.
'What was thus proposed as theory has been
(ace confirmed as undoubted facts. When
e hypothesis was originall}* advanced, the
(,ta required for its mathematical demonstra
T)n were entirely wanting. The evidence,
•wever, by which it was sustained was sufli-
nt to give it a high degree of probability.
The existence of a divellent force by which
mets near their perihelia have been separa-
d into parts is clearly shown by the follow
g facts. Whether this force, as suggested
' Sehiaparelli, is simply the unequal attrac-
^)n of the sun on difl:"erent parts of the nehu-
JUB mass, or whether, in accordance with the
■jews of other astronomers, it is to be regard-
4. as a cosmical force of repulsion, is a ques-
Itu left for future discussion.
I
j HISTORICAL FACTS.
1 1. Seneca informs us that Ephoras, a Greek
iriter of the fourth century before Christ, had
icorded the singular fact of a comet's sepa-
■jtion into two distinct parts. This statement
.as deemed incredible bj- the Roman philo-
pher, inasmuch as the occurrence was then
ithout a parallel. More recent observations
similar phenomena leave no room to ques-
)n the historian's veracity.
2. The head of the great comet of A. d. 389,
cording to the writers of that period, was
;omposed of several small stars." (Hind's
Comets," p. 103.)
3. On June 27, a. d. 41G, two comets ap-
lared in the constellation Hercules, and pur-
ed nearly the same apparent path. Pro-
.bly at a former epoch the pair had consti-
ted a single comet.
4. On Aui^ust 4, 813, "a comet was seen
which rcseniiiled two moons joined together."
They subsc(|uently sc]3arated, the fragments
assuming different forms.
5. The Chinese annuals record the appear-
ance of three comets — one large and two
smaller ones- — at the same time, in the year
S!iG of our era. '■ They traveled together for
three days. The little ones disappeared first,
and then the large one." The bodies were
probably fragments of a largo comet which,
on approaching the sun, had been separated
into parts a short time previous to the date
of their discovery.
6. The thin! comet of 1618.— The greatcomet
of 1618 exhibited decided symptoms of disin-
tegration. When first observed (on Novem-
ber 30. ) its appearance was that of a lucid and
nearl}^ spherical mass. On the eighth day
the process of division was distinctly noticed,
and on the 20th of December it resembled a
cluster of small stars.
7. The comet of 16(51. — The elements of the
comets of 1532 and ItiGl have a remarkable
resemblance, and previous to the year 1700
astronomers regarded the bodies as identical.
The return of the comet about 1790, though
generally expected, was looked lor in vain.
As a possible explanation of this fact, it is
interesting to recur to an almost forgotten
statement of Hevelius. This astronomer ob-
served in the comet of 1661 an apparent break
ing up of the body into separate fragments
The case maj' be analogous to that of Biela's
comet.
8. The identity of the comets of 1866 and
1366, first suggested by Professor H. A. New-
ton, is now unquestioned. The existence then
of a meteoric swarm, moving in the same
track, is not the only evidence of the original
comet's pariial dissolution. The comet o!
1866 was invisible to the naked eye; that of
1366, seen under nearlj^ similar circumstances
was a conspicuous object. The statement of
the Chinese historian that "it appeared nearly
as large as a tow measure." though somewhat
indefinite, certainly justifies the conclusion
that its magnitude has greatly diminished
during the last 500 years. The meteors mov-
ing in the same orbit are doubtless the pro-
ducts of this gradual se])aration.
9. The bipartition of Biela's comet in 1845,
as well as the non-appearance of the two frag
ments in 1865 and 1872, were referred to in a
previous chapter.
The comet of Halley, if we may credit the
descriptions given by ancient writers, has
been decreas-ing in brilliancy from age to age
Fhe same is true in regard to several others
believed to be periodic. The comet of a. d.
1097 had a tail 50^ long. At its return, in
March, 1840. the length of its tail was on'y
5°. The third comet of 1790 and the first of
1825 are supposed, from the similarity of their
elements, to be identical. Each perihelion
passage occurred in May, yet the tail at the
former appearance was 4° in length, at the
latter but, 2i°. Other instances might be
specified of this apparent gradual dissolution.
It would seem, indeed, extremely improbable
that the particles driven off from comets in
their approach to the sun, forming tails ex-
tending millions of miles from the principal
mass, should again be collected around the
same nuclei.
The fact, then, that meteors move in the
same orbits with comets is but a consequence
of that disruptive process so clearly indicated
by the phenomena described. In this view of
the subject, comets — even such as move in
elliptic orbits — are not to be regarded as per-
manent members of the solar sj-stem. Their
ilibris becomes graduall}' scattered ai'ound the
orbit. Some jiaiMs of the nebulous ring will
be more disturi)ed than others by jilanetary
perturbation. Portions of such streams as
nearly iiitei'scel the earth's ])ath sometimes
])enetrate the atmosphere. Their rapid mo-
lion renders them luminous, if very minute,
they are burnt up or dissipated without leav-
ing any solid deposit ; we then have the phe-
nomena oi' shootinij-Ktiirs. When, however, as
is sometimes the case, tluy contain a consider-
able quantity of solid matter, they reach the
earth's surface as meteoric stones.
(To bL' contimu-ti.)
Si-li-ctP(l r,r "The Frieud."
Extract from Biographical Sketches and Anec-
dotes of Friend.^.
While Mehitable Jenkins was in England
on a religious visit, perhaps in the year 1787,
she attended the circular meeting held at
Exeter. Catharine Phillips was also at the
meeting, and in the exercise of her beautiful
and acceptable gift, spoke largely to those as-
sembled. After Catharine had ceased, Mehi-
table, who was an illiterate woman, and not
extensive as a minister, stood up and delivered
a brief testimony. Some criiical (^)uakere8s,
concerned perhaps for the literary reputation
tif the Society of Eriends, complained to
Timothy Berington, that such a Friend as
Mehitable should speak in such a large meet-
ing. The complainant thought that good
order required that an opportunitj- should l)e
taken with Mehitable to prevent the possi-
bililj' of her disturbing large gatherings, and
said that the Friend's gift appeared better
adapted to small meeti tigs of our own Society.
Timothy Berington, from whom the anecdote
is derived, replied to her, that he believed no
harm had been done. It so happened that he
had invited a man of some standing in Exeter,
to attend this circular meeting, who had ac-
cepted the invitation. Soon after ho met
Timothy and expressed his warm thanks for
the treat he had received. Timothy said he
was pleased to find him so well satisfied, add-
ing, "My friend Catharine Phillips is con-
sidered a great minister." "Yes," replied his
friend, " we know Mrs. Phillips is a very sen-
sible woman ; we are therefore not surprised
to hear her preach a good sermon ; but the few
words the elderly lady from America said,
were to me far more weighty, and suited to
m}' situation of mind than anything Mrs.
Phillips had to say. I hojie to be thankful as
long as I live, for the great instruction, and
sensible feeling of Divine goodness I experi-
enced from the sweet, short sermon of your
American Friend."
This anecdote is very much in accordance
with the testimony of William Penn. The
wife of Lord Baltimore, after attending a
meeting for worship at the time of the Yearly
Meeting in Maryland, told him she did not
want to hear him, and such as he, for he was
a scholar, and a wise man, and she did not
question but he could preach ; but she wanted
to hear some of the mechanics preach — hus-
bandmen, shoemakers, and such like rustics;
for she thought they could not preach to any
purpose. William told her, some of them
were rather the best preachers we had among
124
THE FRIEND.
The account of Joha Steel, and his testi-
mony against those ancient apostates, John
Wilkinson and John Story, is a strong ilhis-
tration of the power of the Holy Spirit in
qualifying illiterate instruments for the Lord's
work. His testimony was in the words of
William Penn, "Neither the wisdom of the
North, nor the eloquence of the South, but
the power of God through a ploughman, and
marvellous in our eyes."
About 125 3'ears ago, a Friend from Eng-
land, on a religious visit to America, appointed
a meeting in Philadelphia. After a time of
silence a young man in his common working
clothes, with a leathern band around his waist,
arose from his seat about the middle of the
meeting, and stepping into the passage-way
began to preacdi with great energy and power.
The youthful preacher was the illiterate Thos.
Brown. The Friend who had appointed the
meeting felt excused from any public labor
therein, but was well satisfied w'ith that which
had taken place. After the close of the meet
ing some of his friends gathered round him,
expressing their sorrow that another should
have occupied the time so that he should have
had no opportunity of relieving his mind.
He replied, " The service fell upon the lad."
♦ »
The Policeman's Bog. — In the riots of July,
1863, a patrolman was carrying Sergeant
Buckly, badly wounded, on a strcTcher to the
Charles street police station. A black French
poodle, followed the stretcher into the station,
and thenceforth became the pet of the house.
"Jim," as he was called, was supposed to have
belonged to some colored family which had
fled from the citj-. The men taught him
many tricks. At roll-call ho invariably head-
ed the platoon and took his position by the
sergeant. He was taught to distinguish one
baton from another, and as he liked to fetch
and carry, the officers let him bring their
locusts. Bets were once made by the men
that Jim could not distinguish between a gen-
uine officer and a sham one. Officer Wise-
burn, Jim's warmest friend, changed clothes
with a fireman, who taking the locust in hand,
walked up and down the street. Jim noticed
him, darted out of the station, snuffed at the
clothes, sat down for a moment, looking
straight in the face of the disguised fireman'^
seemingly puzzled, sprang upon him, caught
the club between his teeth, growled and pidl-
ed, until the fireman allowetl himself to be led
into the station, where he dropped the club.
Jim carried it to Wiseburn, who was in the
fireman's clothes.
Jim's good nature won for him the love of
all the children in the neigborhood, and he
became their playmate. He knew his friends,
and never failed to resent an injury. There
were two butchers in the rear of the station,
one a good-natured Irishman, who kept in a
basement, the other a German on the avenue.
For some time, every morning and evening,
he entered the stores and invited the butchers
to feed him. The Irishman never failed to
give him a hearty meal. The German rarely
gave him a morsel, and once drove him out of
the store. Many ladies knowing him had
been accustomed to allow him to carry their
baskets to market. Jim, on reaching the
Irishman's store, ran in, compelling his pa-
troness to follow him, thus materially adding
to the Irish Initcher's trade.
Jim's jumping feats were so extraordinary
that the officers took a pride in showing him
off. One day, while he was exhibiting to a
crowd of admirers by jumping on a pile of
lumber, one of the heaviest boards tipped over
and fell upon him, breaking one of his legs.
With a howl of pain he hobbled off to officer
Wiseburn's post.
" What's the matter, Jim ?" asked Wiseburn .
The dog tried to show his broken leg.
Wiseburn, stooping, saw the nature of Jim's
injuries, and tenderly bore him to the station.
The police surgeon pronounced Jim's wound
fatal, and advised his being shot. Wiseburn
would not suffer this, so he bandaged Jim's
leg, put him into a basket filled with soft hay
and warm clothes, tied him up and cared for
him with a tenderness which seemed to win
Jim's heart. It was many weeks before he
was allowed to walk out.
Two years after the accident, one night as
the officers were preparing to go on patrol,
they saw Jim in Charles street, hobbling by
the side of a sm.-Ul bulldog which he was sup-
porting. Jim had picked up a dog that had
been run over. On reaching the station he
sought Wiseburn, who picked up the w-ounded
dog and took care of bim. — JS^ew York paper.
Selected.
TO HANNAH MOEE.
EY JOHN NEWTON.
_ Written in her Album at Cowslip Green, at her re-
sidence, wlien asked to insert his name previous to .see-
ing her, as was the cnstora.
Why should you wish a name like mine,
\Vitliin your book to stand,
Witli those wlio shone and those who shine
As worthies hi our land ?
What will the future age have gained
When my poor name is seen.
From knowing I was entertained
By you at Cowslip Green.
Rather let me record a name
That shall adorn your page:
Which like the sun is still the same,
And shines from age to age.
Jesn^, who found me when I strayed,
In Afric's dreary wild ;
Who for my soul a ransom paid,
And made his foe a child.
He taught my wild blas^ihemous tongue.
To aim at prayer and praise.
To make his grace my theme and song,
And guided all my ways.
A pattern now of mercy's power,
Where'er 1 stand is seen,
Such as I think was ne'er before
Beheld at Cowslip Green.
Sek-ctetl,
HYMN IN THE PROSPECT OF DEATH.
Earth, witli its dark and dreadful ills
Recedes, and fades away ;
Lii't up your heads, ye heavenly hills;
Ye gates of death, give way !
My soul is full of whispered song;
My blindness is my sight ;
The shadows that I feared so long
Are all alive with light.
The while my pulses faintly beat,
My faith doth so abound,
I feel grow firm beneath my feet
The green, immortal ground.
That fiiith to me a courage gives,
Low as the grave to go ;
I know tliat my Redeemer lives — •
That I shall live I know.
The palace walls I almost see,
Where dwells my Lord and King;
O grave ! where is tliy victory ?
O death ! where is "thy sting ?
Alice Gary.
For "The Friend."
Scientific Notes. ;
In making skeleton leaves, the followin
method is recommended as superior to th
old process of allowing the leaves to rot i
water. Dissolve 4 ounces of washing soda \
a quart of boiling water; then add 2 ounces c
slaked quick lime, and boil for fifteen minute
Allow it to cool and pour off the clear liquic
Heat it till it boils, and then put in the Icuvc
to be prepared and boil them gently for a
hour, or until the soft parts can readily be n
moved. This is best done by floating thei
on a board under cold water, and rubbing wil
a soft brush. If the skeletons are not pur
white, bleach them by putting a table spooi
ful of chloride of lime in a quart of wate
and soaking in the solution for ten or fiftee
minutes.
The Queen Bee of our hives, it has long bee
known cannot sting. Eeeent examination ha
shown that she possesses this weapon, buttba
it is blunted and more curved than in th
working bee, and she is not able to pierce th
skin of man with it. On placing two Quee
Bees in a glass jar, and closely watching thei
motions in attacking each other, each quee
was seen to attempt to disable her rival a
much as possible by means of her powerfi
jaws ; at the same time she feels about wit
her sting, which is totally unable to penetrat
the skin of her rival, till she finds one of th
breathing holes, through which she injects he
poison with a rapidly fatal effect.
Weeds. — A recent writer of a chemical fur
of mind says : Two years ago I took a larg
house and grounds which had been uninhabii
ed and utterly neglected for three years. Th
lawn is nearly an acre in extent. Dandelions
buttercups, plantains, docks, &c., were in th
ascendant. After many attempts to eradicat
them, I found at last that one drop of th
common, strong sulphuric acid, dropped upo
the crown of each weed entirely destroyed i'
and it will never grow again, I used one of th
ribbed bottles employed by chemists and photc
graphers for dropping poisons, and found itt
answer perfectly, and it enables one to appl;
the acid with great rapidity. Large docks
which have hitherto never been destroyec
except by digging up, are eftectuatly destroye
by the acid.
Lime as a preservative of wood. A write'
in Chambers' Journal says, that lime is a goO'
preserver of timber. Ships and barges use*
for the transport of lime last longer tha'
others. A small coasting schooner laden witi
lime was cast ashore and sunk. She was raise''
and set afloat once more, and remained souD'
for 30 3-ears. Again, a platform of nine plank
was used to mix mortar on for a long tiiue, bu
being no longer required, was neglected, ani
at length hidden by the grass that grew ove
it. Sixty years afterwards, on cleaning th
ground, it was discovered sound and well pre
served.
The great fires of Chicago and Bostoi
have called attention to fire-resisting buildin;
stones. I)r. Ott of New York, shows tha
limestones are unsuitable for building stones
owing to the facility with which they cal
cine when exposed to high temperatures
Among limestones, those which contain mag
nesia give way the soonest. Of the primitivi
rocks, granite, gneiss and mica are untrust
worthy, for they crack to pieces even whei
exposed to radiant heat. In their natura
state they contain water, and the stone ex
^
THE FRIEND.
125
lodes by tho raising of the temperature,
'or these reasons, Dr. Olt gives the prefer-
nee to the sandstones.
Blaekly, in his '• JCxperi mental ]Jcsearc-hes
n Hay" Fever," details some experiments
[lowing the amount of ]:iollen floating in the
ir. He daily exposed slips of glass coated
th a non-drying linnid, and jilaeed horizon-
illy, to the air at the ordinaiy breathing
eight of four feet nine inches from the ground.
'he e.xperiments were commenced in the-Uh
lonth, and continued to the end of the 7th.
'he highest number of pollen grains obtained
1 twentj--four hours on the surface of a square
BDtinietre was 880, on 6th month 2Sth. By
lising pieces of glass similarly jirepared to
D elevation of l,tlOO feet or less in the atmos-
here, by means of kites, ho found the pollen
as much more largely present in tiie upper
ortions of the atmosphere than near tho sur-
tce, the average of his experiments making
nineteen times as much. These experi-
lents afforded abundant proof of the presence
f the s])ore8 of fungi in the airin large quali-
ties. In one experiment which lasted four
ours, and in which the number of pollen
rains collected at an altitude of 1,(I0(I leet
•88 over twelve hundred, the spores of a
:yptogram were so numerous, that he could
ot count them. At a rough estimate they
ould not be less than from'30,000 to 40,000
) the square inch. A fact like this makes
le ubiquity of fungoid organisms a thing
isy to comprehend.
Watch springs, made of an alloy of alumi-
iim, are said to have been successfully pre-
ired by a manufacturer in Saxony. They
'e superior to those of steel in their free-
3m from liability to oxidize, in not being
Bfected by magnetism, and in being less
■ittle.
The disturbing echo in public balls, which
'nders the voice of a speaker indistinct, it is
lid can be prevented by stretching a few
ires across the building, on a level with or
|j0ve the spoalcer's head.
Tor "The Friend"
I John Heahi.
■ (Continued from page llS.l
The political troubles, which were caused
r the contests between England and France
ider the government of Napoleon, extended
II this country, and finally culminated in what
: called the three years' war. The peaceful
n-rent of business was much disturbed by
Le agitations which preceded this, and much
.iflfering was the result. In a letter to John
eald, written 9th mo. 22d, 1811, Benjamin
ite thus alludes to this subject : "Thecon-
sed state of the commercial world, by the
■ring and contending of the governments,
■nders it very difficult for us, who live by
lying and selling, to get along with our busi
iss." In his repl}', John Heakl is led to
ake some reflections which may convey a
iieful lesson to some in the present day. He
lys under date 10th mo. 21)th, 1811: "You
live your trials; when that which was once
I. ought safe, is become hazardous, here is a
ltd ; to sit still and do nothing, is not doing
advantage; and doing, and that to a disad-
intagc, is no better; but cii'curastances re-
ure something to be done ; industry is that
r which those ai'e to live whose circum-
.ances are limited; to be still, is to fall
trough ; and to go on ends in the same —
ire, I think, is one among the numerous
advantages that is obtained, in setting out
early, or closing in with tho first visitations
of divine love, and endeavoring fiithl'ully to
tollow on through tho varied disjicnsations
that are permitted. For when a trial falls on
them, tliese can look over the motives and in-
ducements to their undertakings ; and having
been favore<l with a peaceful evidence from
time to time, there is something to recline
u|jon ; that though their exjiectations are dis-
ajipointed. they feel that they have ti'odden
along, as Job of old did, when he was loaded
with aUliclions, and when his friends would
have persuaded him that he had not stood
upright, he could not find his deviation, where
it was, if he had made any, but could say, ' I
know that m}- Eedeemer liveth, and shall
stand upon the earth ;' and though in vindi-
cating his innocency, he expressed some things
of which he was ashamed when he was calh-d
upon to answer to the demands of the Most
High, yet he came not under condemnation
for having wilfully gone aside, either to tlie
right hand or to the left. So, when the time
of trial was over, he was replenished with sub-
stance and tranquillity, and passed his days
in peace. But when improper motives and
inducements have been followed in the will of
the creature, or when there has been a turn-
ing aside from the right way, and in this
situation such have been overtaken in a time
of adversity, there is no prop nor support to
lean upon, they are reduced to the like state
whi(^h king Saul was. and for the veiy same
cause, to wit : for not 'obeying the divine com-
mand.' So when they are forsaken they may
endeavor to make a fair outside show, and even
desire to be honored in the sight of the peo-
ple ; but I see but little hope these can have to
escape from a time of adversity like unto his,
when ho 'fell along upon the earth,' and had
eaten nothing all that day, nor all that night,
and there was no strength left in him. He
could not then saj^, I know that my lledeemer
liveth, but could say, ' God has forsaken me,
and answereth me no more,' &c. So the time
of your adversity may in secret be jirofitable
to some, and even to many, for the more the
foundation is tried, the more sure they stand
that are upon it, for the foundation of God
standeth sure. It has stood through all by past
ages, and every storm and shock, and still re-
mains to bo the same, and He never fails, nor
forsakes those who trust in Him, but is to them
a place of broad waters, to refresh themselves
from the heat and from the storm, and as a
might)/ rock in a weary land, and as a tower,
whercunto the righteous flee and find safety,
as they have ever done.
" While I pen these lines, I am reminded of
my own standing, and bow near a time of ad-
versity may be; when I consider of the great
power which threw the stars down to the
ground, even a third part of the stars of the
firmament. And 1 have not arrived above
these, no nor to them. If I am worthy to bo
classed with the stars, it is with those of least
magnitude, -n-hich can be seen but a small dis
tance. If larger ones are cast down, why not
I too. I often am fearful I shall be overtaken
in some unguarded moment, and in a day of
forgetfulness be surprised and drawn down,
and my lot be to foil away, never to sec good
nor comfort to my soul, but I believe for my-
self, and for others, that our safety depends
upon our faithfulness, that if we closely at-
tend, with the most scrupulous attention to
our duty, both as to time and place, and not
to make our own time, but to leave our own
business, and our own concerns, to do our
Master's.business, when and where, and as ho
may re(|uire, and to be given up so to do, not
accounting it a yoke of bondage, but chcer-
fnll}- going, and faitlifully doing; in this way
we liave grounds to hope for ]ireservalion, and
even in this we ma}' have to venture our lives,
in danger of hjsing them. We may then rely
on his merciful support ; l)ut if we arc dila-
tory and inattentive, how can wo expect tlie
precious favor of protection or preservation."
On the 2nd of Sth mo. 1812, Jidin ileald
again wrote to his friend, B. Kite.
"Esteemed Friend, — I received a few days
since. thy acceptable letter of the 3rd of (ith
mo. last. To my mind it savored of a living
concern remaining on thy mind to fill up thy
allotted portion of duty in time, as it passes
along. In this I wish to be one with thee.
The peace which flovvs through the mind so
sweetly, and at times along with it a well-
rounded hope that at some time -we may
enter into rest that has no end, — tho satisfac-
tion or comfort, who can know who have not
felt it ! If our little, feeble exei'tions and labors,
in whatever line they maj' be, are crowned
with such a glorious reward, who but would
be willing to be employed in such things?
Man}- would have the reward, who seem to
want it without" submitting to do the little re-
quired. I do not doubt but that many miss
of very precious enjoyments for want of faith-
fulness in little things, sometimes by not de-
nying themselves the little gratifications, and
sometimes by not carefully doing the little
duty required."
After mentioning that Rowland Green,
Susannah Home and Mahlon Ilocket, had
been in succession visiting their meetings, he
again alludes to the unsettlement caused by
tiie war with Great Britain. '" The situation
of public aftairs appears to spread a gloom
over many,' thou observes, and it does here ;
listing some, drafting some, and some turning
out volunteers. The militia arc not ordered
aw.ay, but to be in readiness at a short notice,
among whom are several Friends of our Meet-
in"-. "Noting these things is not pleasant to
me, though "it seemed necessary just to hint
a little, to give some idea that a portion of
sufferings may be near to some here, and those
not a few — biit through all I esteem it a most
precious favor to have the mind preserved,
and in a still, quiet habitation, whore none
makes afraid. When I reflect what great
numbers there are, who, for want of a more
close attention to right things, have not at-
tained thereto, I can but pity them, appre-
hending that I see so great a loss sustained
which a little timely care and attention would
have prevented.
I want to know how many Fi-iends in and
about the city [of Philadelphia] are doing,
and how they are. There are many whom I
love and wish well. If they are doing well it
would be pleasant to hoar of it. In this stato
of probation we are all, no doubt, tried in
some way, and it may be often doubtful where
we shall'land at last." He enumerates among
those of whose welfare he would gladly be
informed, Joseph Gibbons, Nathan Harper
and wife, Richard Jordan, Richard Cooper,
Joseph Clark, Joseph Cruikshank and wife,
and Nicholas Wain.
From the sa^ne to the same.
" Columbiana Co., Ohio, 1st mo. 13th, 1813.
" Wm. Heald set out day before yesterday,
126
THE FRIEND.
to meet three other Friends to wait on the
Legislature of this State with an address from
our Quarterlj- Meeting in regard to the militia
law, as many of our j-ounger men have been
drafted for six months", and have not complied
■with the requisition, and the law is said to he
of so doubtfid a meaning, that even the officers,
to whom the execution of it is referred, are
divided about it; some saying that they may
impose a fine at their discretion, anywhere
between 88 and $10(J for every month, while
others say that they can go no higher than
$100 for any draft. " If it should be construed
to mean SlOO a month, and be exacted, all the
property that many industrious families pos-
sess will not be siiffieient, il is believed, to
answer the demand. The complicated miseries
of war are many — but some I trust are escaped
to the strong Tower, where they repose them-
selves in quiet safety, and at times are favored
with that which is the reverse thereof, even
love, to overshadow and cover, feelingly cover,
all the sensitive ])arts within them — which
the bloody warrior can hardly know, while
engaged in that eniploj-."
(To be continued.)
At the request of an aged Friend, I copy the
following for the columns of "The Friend,"
if approved by the editors.
"Upon the 4th day of the Fourth month 1
was drawn forth to wait on the Lord ; and as I
was waiting, the consideration of my dear chil-
dren, whom the Lord had taken to himself in
their innocency, came before me, and my soul
blessed his holy name for his great love towards
them and me, in that they are gone to their
rest, and shall never partake of those exercises
and sorrows those do that remain in the world.
Then my soul was poured forth before the Lord
for them that remain, that as they grow up in
years, they may grow in grace, and in the
knowledge of our Lord and Saviour Jesus
Christ; or else I would rather follow them to
the day of a long-suffering, merciful God last-
eth. But if you still reject the counsel of the
Lord, the many faithful warnings you have
had, how will you answer it in the day when
He Cometh ' to render unto every one accord-
ing to their deeds?' And now, something
further is with me to parents of children.
Dear friends! you that have been convinced
of God's unchangeable truth, and have known
the work and operation of it, working out and
bringing down that which was of a contrar}-
nature to it, — and oh ! that we may all abide
faithful in his work, and retain our integrity
to the Lord, — then let our breathing cries
and prayers be offered up to the Lord for our
children, that He would be pleased to look
down in mercy upon them, and visit them as
lie did our souls. But as David said, "If 1
regard iniquity in -my heart, the Lord will
not hear me ;' so I desire we may all be clear
in our offerings befoi-e the Lord, that He may
smell a sweet savor from them.
Dear friends: what is here written is with
great caution, knowing that I have children
of my own, and that many honest parents
have bad children, which is no small exercise
but if we keep faithful to the Lord, and dis
charge our duty to them by precept and ex
ample, we shall be clear of them in the sight
of God. And therefore friends; faithfulness is
the word that runs through me ; not only for
our own souls, but for our children's also ; that
a generation may grow up to his praise in this
part of the world, when our heads are laid in
the dust. Great and manifold hath the love
and mercy of God been towards us ; the con-
sideration of it many times hath deeply affect-
ed my mind ; and it was He, by the same arm
of power, that reached unto us and brought a
concern upon us in our own native land : and
I do believe, that many had as clear a call to
leave their native country as some of old had ;
which caused many days and nights of sore
travail and exercise before the Lord, and no
ease could we have, but in giving up life and
all unto him, saying, ' Lord do what thou wilt
their graves whilst they are young, than that
they should live to the dishonor of his worthy with us, only let thy presence preserve us.
name. And then a more general and weighty
concern came ujion me for Friends' children,
that are grown up and do not come under the
yoke nor bear the cross. Oh ! the cry that
ran through m}' soul ; and in the anguish and
bitterness of my spirit I said. Lord, what will
thou do with Friends' children when we are
gone off the stage of this world ; will thou
raise up children, and not those of believing
parents ? And this was the word that livingly
sprung up in my soul. They reject my coun-
sel, and cast my law behind their backs, and
will have none of my reproofs ; and though
my hand be stretched forth all the day long,
yet they will not hear, but go after their own
"hearts' lust. Then I said in my heart. Lord,
are they all so? The answer was, there are
some that are innocent, whom 1 will bless
with a blessing from me, and they shall shine
forth to ray praise. And now, Oh Friends! that
you may dwell and abide in the innocent life,
that so the blessing of the Lord you may feel
daily to descend upon you. But as for you
that 'reject the counsel of the Lord, and cast
his law behind your backs, and will have none
of his reproof's,' which are sorrowful sayings
concerning you who are the children of be-
lieving parents, — -j'ou who are under the pro-
fession of the Truth, which will do you no
good unless you return unto the Lord ; there-
fore, I desire you may all return unto him whilst
And to his praise we can saj', He hath been
with us since we came to this country, and
hath preserved us through many and various
exercises both inwardlj- and outwardly : and
now that which lies on our parts, I desire may
be considered by us all, that so suitable returns
maj' be made unto the Lord, by walking in
humility and godly fear before him ; that so,
good patterns we may be, by keeping our
places ' to the praise of Him who hath called
us,' for He is worthy forevermore. And
friends, something more is with me, which I
thought to omit, but find I cannot well do it ;
that is, concerning our children, that we be
very careful while they are young, that we
suffer them not to wear such things that Truth
allows not ; and though it maj' be said they
are but little things and well enough for chil-
dren, but we find that when they are grown
up, it is hard for them to leave off, which,
may be if they had not been used when young,
would not have been expected when grown
up : soT desire we ma}' all be clear in ourselves,
and keep our children out of the fashions and
customs of this world. And oh ! that we were
all of one heart and mind in these and other
things, then would the work of the Lord go
on easily, which is the sincere desire of your
friend,
Hannah Caepenter."
1787.
For " The Friend
Memoirs and Letters of Sarah IHilinan.
(CoLtinueJ from page 114.)
" 1817. 12th mo. 22nd. My mind has foi
two or three years been ofttimes deeply eser
cised, under a prospect of being called to thi
work of the ministry. How has all that ii
within me bowed before the Majesty of heave:
and earth when this prospect has been renew
edly opened to my view ; when presentation
and openings have been made and felt, but
have thought not sufficiently clear to warran
my standing forth. So awful the work ap
pears, that I have ever craved to be preserve!
from hastily entering into it, or indeed to rui
at all. unless clearly convinced that it is in
dispensably necessary for me, and that th
time for my liberation to service is full]
come. I desire to abide all the neeessar
purifications, that so none of the dross, tin, o
reprobate silver may remain, but every thinj
which will not abide the fire being purgec
away and the pure gold only remaining, th
glorious cause may be exalted. ButO! whei
1 look at my many infirmities, when I con
template how small the progress made, t(
what I might by this time have made, 1 an
ready to conclude I shall never become qual
fied for any service in the Lord's vineyard."
The following letter is the first from Saral
Hillman's pen that has come to the hand o
the compiler. She has now reached the 24tl
year of her age ; and, as is sweetly observable
the grace of the Lord Jesus which strives witl*
which woos, and would bring salvation to al
if obedience did but keep pace with the know
ledge received, is still helping her on to mor
and greater victories over the enemies of he
own house ; still leading to the perfection o
holiness in the fear of the Lord ; still tea<d]
ing practical, saving lessons of self-denial an
the discipline of the cross : still, with its banc
maiden praj-er, adding thread to thread, an'
stitch after" stitch to the wedding garmem
clean and white, which is the righteousnea
of saints.
Would, that more in our day were incite
by such examples to " stir up the gift of God
that is in them ; to take heed to the injum
tion, '-Watch and be sober; to "put on th
brestplate of faith and love, and for a helme
the hope of salvation ;" to dedicate their all t
Him who is the life and the light of men ; t
surrender themselves wholly to that Powe
who can open the blind eye and unstop th
deaf ear, and thus make the slave a freeman
and, above all, to live to and for that Saviou
who died for us. the Just for the unjust, tha
through repentance and amendment of lit I
He might bring us to God. How then woui
He lead into green pastures beside the sti
waters ; how create a new heaven and a nei
earth wherein dwelleth righteousness ; ho^
pour out the blessings of his kingdom till thai
should not be room enough to receive them
how cause that instead of the thorn shoul
come up the fir tree, and instead of the bri€
the myrtle tree ; and even make that, whic
now seems but as a wilderness and a deser
to bloom and blossom as the rose. The
truly the lively hopes and spiritual blessing
unto a full cup and sufficient for all our nee
would be poured into the contrited bosom
and the grateful language of the heart be
" The Lord is my Shepherd ; I shall nc
want." " Thou anointest my head with oil
my cup runneth over. Surely goodness an
mercy shall follow me all the days of my life
THE FRIEND.
127
ind I ■vvill dwell in the house of the Lord
orever."
To Betsey Purington.
" Philada., 1st mo. 5th, 181S.
It is not from a belief that my much loved
ilder sister (if I ma}- use that endearing term)
leeds the epistolaiy aid of a child like mj-self,
hat I am induced to address thee, but I trust
t is in a measure of that love which lives be-
yond the grave, and by which the disciples of
esus are made manifest, according to his
estimony — 'By this shall all men know that
•e are my disciples, if 3-e have love one to
nother.' Oh this precious love ! How does
t bind, not only the elder branches with those
Hke experience, but the young men and
hildren,as they yield thereto are all thereby
ound as in the 'bundle of life,' and made
How heirs of one common salvation. Ma}"
continue to pervade our hearts. Maj'est
lou, dear friend, in thy approaches before
le throne of grace, remember the children ;
ho feel that they have need of the prayers
f the faithful ; of those in whom the expres-
ve language of conduct speaks saying, ' Fol-
iw;' and who evince themselves conquerors,
irough the sufficiency of the Father's love,
[ayest thou remember her who now addresses
lee under the appellation of sister, who feels
ideed,
A child beset with solemn prospects round,
While called to tread with awe the sacred groi]nd,'
id that many are the trials necessary for our
arification in this scene of probation, but
ho knows that her helper is Almighty. He
ho is the leader and the guide of his people,
indeed strength in weakness, riches in pover-
', and a present helper in every time of need,
every time of conflict, in every winter sea-
)n ; though fogs and clouds obscure the light
the Sun of liighteousness from the eye of
le mind, jel he is the same ; He sustain.s the
laracter of the Shepherd of Israel, and will
ise, as he is waited upon in the patience,
ith healing under his wings. Then since
le Christian has such a blessed and heavenly
elper, there is need for him to gird up the
ins of his mind, and hope to the end ; there
need for him to be a grateful receiver of
e manifold favors of his Heavenly Father,
hile well may he in the language of the
oet break forth,
'I'll praise thee for thy mercies past,
And htmihly sue for more.'
3r although a little from his munificent
md satisfy the hungry soul, yet the manna
hieh the golden pot contains, must bo sought
lily. Under the law they were commanded
go forth and gather every man according
his eating daily ; so must we. And, as un-
!r that dispensation, ' he who gathered much
id nothing over, so he that gathered little
child-like faithfulness, had no lack;' how
iautifuUy is it descriptive of the duty of a
iristian! He is not called upon to work or
atch only a day or a week, but the coin-
and is, ' Watch and pray continually, that
1 enter not into temptation.' * * * *
I greatly desire to be preserved from bur-
ning thee with words without life, but think
may just add, that when thine and thy com-
.nions' certificates were read, the desire of
y heart was, that ye might so fulfil the work
signed you, that ye might receive that
own of peace which the world can neither
76 nor take away; and now feeling it re-
wed, I afresh desire that as we have par-
ken together of the streams of that river
which makes glad the whole heritage of God,
we may continue to feel that unity which is
with the Father and with the Son ; and al-
though we never meet again, our souls wniy
still hold converse ; and when these bodies
are consigned to their mother earth, our
spirits shall join that innumerable multitude
which John saw, in cr3'iiig Holy forevermore.
Farewell beleved friends, farewell. From
your little friend, Sakaii Hillman.
Oh ! that you may remember her and crave
that she may be favored to know his voice
certain, and his discoveries clear; not Ahimaaz
like, have to say, ' when I ran, there was a
tumult, but I knew not what it was.'
Again I say, farewell."
ISllt. 9th mo. 9th. Truly the awful im-
portance of time has of late been proclaimed.
The messenger upon the pale horse has arrest-
ed some in an unexpected moment; but we
trust their lamps were measurably trimmed.
May we who remain be engaged to meet our
God. Perhaps ere another j'ear, I too maj-
bo summoned to appear before his dread tri-
bunal who giveth not account of his matters.
Oh! that, through unreserved dedication, an
entrance may be mercifully granted into that
city whose walls are salvation, and whose
gates eternal praise."
(To be continned.")
THE FRIEND.
TWELFTH MONTH 6, 1873.
Wo have been watching with much interest,
and some anxiety, the development and char-
acter of the difficulty that, within the last few
weeks, has grown up between the United
States Government and that of Spain. It is
a cause of regret, though not of surprise, to
observe how quickly and how generally the
public mind has been agitated by the state-
ments made by the press, and how glibly the
initiation of war is spoken of, without count-
intr the cost in human life, and attendant
misery.
That a sanguinary and barbarous revenge
has been taken by the enraged Spaniards on
those who were on board the noted vessel,
captured bj' them, in wliich cold blooded mur-
der was committed under color of military
law, appears to be generally believed ; and the
number of the victims, and the peculiar cir-
cumstances attending the butchery of so many
subjects of different nations, has shocked tlio
feeling of the community in both Europe and
America. It is precisely one of those cases
fitted to arouse the passions of the people ; to
appeal to what the unregenerate world calls
the sense of national honor, in our own citi-
zens, and to precipitate unreasoning and hastj'
action under the excited impulse of the hour.
Especially is there danger of some summary
and rash course being pursued, where, as in
the present case, there are parties widely
spread throughout the community, whose in-
terest and pleasure it is, to paint the transac-
tion in its most revolting colors ; to brand any
hesitancy in seeking -'redress" as cowardly
and mean, and to stimulate the already excited
passions of the people by inflammatory appeals
to their self-esteem, andtheir warlike instincts.
But for this, we apprehend, there would not
have been such hot haste to prepare to strike
a blow, which, if given, would be followed by
all the calamities of war.
To the true disciple of the Prince of Peace,
all the circumstances of this dejilorable case, —
the voyagii]gof this well-known blockade-run-
ner; her loading; the use intended to be madeof
her cargo; her capture, and the savage sacri-
fice of a large part of her crew and ])assengor8
to gratily Ibe vindictive j)assions of her cap-
tors— all are readily recognizable as altogether
unauthorl/.ed and indefensilile by the religion
of the New- Testament. J>ut it is one of the
terrible evils of the war policy, to familiarize
the people to many and gnat infractions of
the benign and just )>rinci|)les of the gospel,
and to reconcile them to have their actions
regulated by the far lower standard of expe-
diency and the law of nations. Hence wo
hear, on the present occasion, much said about
the necessity' to disregard the notoriotis char-
acter of the vessel, and the business in which
it is admitted she was engaged, and to de-
mand immediate and humiliating concessions
from Spain ; because it so happens that while
the '■ Virginius" was pursuing Iter nefarious
trade, she had in some way, long ago jirocur-
ed American registration, and carried the
American flag. The honor of the flag, we
are told, must be upheld; and in order to do
homage to this fiiscinating mj'th, this great
countrj' might seem to be on the eve of a
war, fastened on it, with all its guilt and
horrors, bj- a fevv men, whoso actions have
shown them to be blood thirsty desperadoes.
And this in a professedly christian country,
whose government and people have just been
boasting of the beautiful example set by it
and Great Britain in settling a dispute of far
greater magnitude by arbitration. How true
are the words of our Saviour, " How can ye
believe which receive honor one from another,
and seek not the honor which cometh from
God only."
The Law of Nations refers almost exclu-
sively to the mode of, and the circumstances
connected with waging war; and though it is
gratifying to observe that Christianity is grad-
ually removing some of its most repulsive fea-
tures, and introducing others more in accord-
ance with the requirements of our ]irofessed
religion, yet it is no criterion by which a t'hris-
tian may decide what is right or wrong. The
ibsurdit}' of supposing, that while men are
individually bound to live consistently with
the benign and peaceable principles of the
religion of Christ, when associated as a na-
tion they maj" lay those principles aside, and
regulate their actions by a code designed
merely to restrain the corru))t lusts that war
in their members, from betra3"ing them into
the extremes of inhumanity, is too glaring to
escape the notice of anj" reflecting mind.
At such a time of excitement as the pre-
sent, it becomes the duty of every one to re-
frain, in both word and deed, from encourag-
ing the war spirit which many seem very
desirous to spread, and as opportunity pro-
.--ents, to exert whatever influence he or she
may ])Ossess, in endeavoring to proi)agalo
more rational and christian views and feel-
ings ; that so, with the blessing of JJivino
Providence, our country may not madly incur
again, the awful crimes, the sufferings and
the irreparable losses that so severely pun-
ished the people during the late war, and
under which thej' are still smarting.
Since the above was written, we rejoice to
find that the danger of hostilities between the
two governments is very much lessened, and
128
THE FRIEND.
there is reason to believe, that if Spain is able
to cany out her porlion of the terms agreed
on, all ground for contention will be removed,
and both countries escape the dreadful con-
flict into which they appeared likely to be
plunged.
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
Foreign. — The Spanish Cabinet has agreed to de-
liver to the United States government tlie steaiuship
Virginias, and all the persons remaining alive wlio
were captnred with her, leaving tlie qnestion whether
the seizure of the vessel was legal, to be settled liere-
after by a mixed tribunal. The question whether
damages shall be paid to the families or relations of tlie
prisoners who were shot, is also to be settled in a simi-
lar manner. A Madrid dispatch says, this decision is
in conformity with the opinions of the leading Spanish
statesmen, of all parties, to whom the question was sub-
mitted by the government.
The negotiations by which the controversy was set-
tled, were conducted in Washington between the Spanish
Minister, Admiral Polo, and the United States Secretary
of State, and were brought to a conclusion the'i9th ult.
A protocol was then .agreed upon and signed, and the
Spanish Minister telegraphed the result to his govern-
ment.
A Havana dispatch of the 30th says : The news of
the settlement of the Virginius iiuestion, and the terms
upon which it is based, was received here with much
excitement. The cliief authorities of the island assem-
bled in conference, have sent a manifesto to the Spanisli
government, asking it to wait until it shall have re-
ceived a protocol in relation to the case, which will
show the right of capture and the justice of the subse-
quent proceedings. The mass of the people oppose the
surrender of the Virginius.
The insurgents still hold Cartagenri, and seem deter-
mined on a desperate resistance. The besieging force
are bombarding the city. The arsenal and barracks
have been the cliief marks for the besieging artillery,
but the cathedral and hospitals have also been struck.
On the 2Sth ult. the theatre, and two entire streets were
destroyed, and about "200 per-sous were killed and
wounded in the city. The insurgents have raised the
black flag on the forts. There is great distress among
the non-combatants who have taken refuge in the sub-
urbs.
A German expedition for the exploration of the
Lybian desert, under the direction of Dr. Gerhard
Rohlfs, is expected to .set out from Egypt early in the
present month.
Several Italian newspapers report that a numbL'r of
Italian, French, Belgian, German and Austrian capital
ists are about to form a company for the purchase of
the convent property at Korae. Their intention is said
to be to leave the monks and nuns in possession of the
property and the convent buildings, and thus to render
the law suppressing the religious orders at Kome illu-
sory.
The Eazaine trial continues. Rouher has given his
testimony in relation to the negotiations of the Em-
press Eugenie, in the endeavor to save the Rhine army
and avoid the cession of territory. General Boyer tes-
titled that Bismarck told him he was willing to grant
an armistice if the army of Metz would declare in favor
of Napoleon.
The French Cabinet has been reconstructed: Beule,
who was Minister of the Interior, lias retired, and I)e
Broglie takes his place. The Duke de Cases, the only
new minister, takes the Foreign Office in place of De
Broglie. These are the only changes reported.
Tlie Assembly rejected Leon S.ay's interpellation in
i-egard to the illegal delay of elections, bv a vote of o64
to 314.
The Augsburg Gazette say.s, the King of Bavaria has
signed a decree repealing the concordat with the Pope.
The explanations given by the French government
in regard to the pastoral of the Bishop of Nancy, order-
ing prayers for the recovery of Metz and Strasburg, are
regarded in Berlin as unsatisfactory.
Sentence has been pronounced against Archbishop
Ledochourki, for continuing unlawfully to institute
priests. He is condemned to two years imprisonment
and an additional line of S5400. Bailitts entered the
residence of the iirchbishop last week, in accordance
with the decree of the court, an<l seized the furniture.
He expre.s.ses sur[irise at the severity of the measure,
and maintains an attitude of resistance. A Berlin dis-
patch of the 20th s.ays, the archbishop has been ordered
to resign within a week of the notice. He has received
a letter from the Pope exhorting him to firmness.
The Bank of England has reduced the rate of dis-
count to 6 per cent.
Sir John Duke Coleridge, Lord Chief Justice of the
Court of Common Pleas, is to be raised to the peerage.
He will become Baron Coleridge.
The ship Clyde, from St. John, N. B., has been
wrecked oti' Valeutia, Ireland. Ten of the crew were
drowned.
A small boat made from the Polaris, which the whaler
Ravenscraig took on board when she received Captain
Buddington, will be sent from ("ila.sgow to New York.
It will be placed in the Smithsonian Institution at
Washington.
A propo.sal of the Erie Railway Company is pub-
lished in the Railway News. The Company proposes
an Issue of $22,000,000 more of ordinary Erie shares at
S35 currency, instead of issuing more bonds. This pro-
posal, it savs, will be a measure of greater hnancial
soundness, and will make the total share capital $100,-
000,000.
Dispatches from Cape Coast Castle report another en-
agement with the Ashantees, in which forty English
and native auxiliaries were killed and wounded. The
Ashantees also boldly attacked the British in another
place, but were driven oil' after an hour's tight. General
Wolseley, commanding the Ashantee expedition, con-
demns the native auxiliaries as worthless. Their tardi-
ness and cowardice, he says, keep him from advancing
upon the .Vshantees.
Intelligence has reached London of a terrible marine
disaster. The steamship Ville dii Havre, which left
New Y^ork on the loth ult. for Havre, when one week
out, came in collison with the British steamship Loch
Earn, from London for New York, and sunk shortly
after. Eiglity-.seven persons were saved by the boats of
the Loch Earn, and sent to England by the ship Tri-
mountain. Two hundred and twenty-six of the passen-
gers lost their lives. The Loch Earn was badly dam-
aged by the collision, and immediately put about for
Queenstown, but had not arrived there on the first inst.
United States. — There were 2(59 interiiunits iu
Philadelphia last week, including 47 deaths of con-
sumption, 13 inflammation of the lung.^, 17 debility, 11
typhoid fever, 11 old age.
The deaths in New York city last week were 492.
According to the State census of Iowa, the population
of the State is 1,251,533. The national census of 1870
gave it a population of 1,191,792.
General Sherman's report to the Secretary of War
shows a total of 25,535 enlisted men in the cavalry,
artillery and infantry service, and 3,970 non-combatants.
The actual strength for military service, after deducting
the sick list and necessary details about the numerous
forts, he thinks does not exceed 19,652 men.
The Secretary of the Navy, in his report to the Pre-
sident, says there are now in the navy 165 vessels, carry-
ing 1269 guns, which is a reduction since the last annual
report, of thirteen vessels.
The expedition organized under the authority of
Congress for the survey of the Darien and Nicarauga
routes, with the view to the construction of a ship canal
between the .\tlantic and Pacirtc, have completed the
service. It is stated that the route selected by Com-
mander Selfridge includes one hundred miles of river
navigation of the Atrato. It is estimated that the work
would cost between $50,000,000 and $60,0(10,000.
The total number of immigrants from other countries
landed in the United States during ilie year ending 6th
mo. 30th last, was 459,833, of whom 27-5,792 were males,
and 184,011 females.
The Public Debt of the LTiiited States, less cash in the
Treasury, amounted on the flrst instant to J2, 150, 862,-
054, having increased $9,028,576 during thellth month.
The lirKt session of the Forty-third Congress con-
vened in Washington on the lirsi inst., quorums being
present in both Houses. The House of Representatives
now has 292 members, of whom 278 answered at roll
call. James G. Blaine, who was Speaker of the last
Congress, was re-elected by a large majority.
A local census of the city of Baltliuorc, just taken,
gives a population of 302,893, an increase of 19,823 over
that of 1870, wtiieh was 283,070.
Tlie Markets, t&c. — The following were the quotations
on the first inst. New York. — American gold, lOSi;.
Superfine flour, $5.65 a SO. 35 ; State extra, $6.80 a
S7.15; finer brands, $7.50 a $10.25. Red western,
wheat, $1.58 a $1.60; No. 2 Chicago spring, $1.50.
Oats, 50.1 a 59 els. State rye, $1.03. Western yellow
corn, 77 cts. ; white, 76 a 80 cts. PhUadelpkia. — Mid-
dlings ciitton, lOj a 17J cts. feu- uplands and New Or-
leans. SuiJerfine flour, $4.50 a .$5; extras, $5.25 a
$5.75; finer br.ands, SO a $10. White wheat, $1.70 a
S1.80; amber, $1.67 a $1.70; red, $1.55 a $1.70; choice
spring, $1.00. Rye, 85 cts. Y''ellow corn, 73 a 74 cts.
Oats, 49 a 53 cts. Sales of about 2200 beef cattle at 4
to 71 cts. per lb. gro.ss. Sheep, 4.t a 6 cts. per lb. gros.
Hogs, $6.75 a $7 per 100 lbs. net. Receipts 8.00
head. Chicago. — Spring extra flour, S5..50 a $5.75. N.
1 spring wheat, $1.10 ; No. 2 do., $1.08. No. 2 mixe
corn, 47 cts. No. 2 barley, $1.39 a $1.40. Lard, 7
cts. MilKaukie. — No. 1 spring wheat, SI. 13; No. ;
$1.08. No. 2 mixed corn, 49A cts. Oats, 341 cts.
F(_)R RENT
To a Friend, the small dwelling on the meeting-hous
property. West Philadelphia. An oversight of th
property w-111 be accepted as jiart of the rent.
Apply to
John C. Allex, Forrest Building, 119 SoutI
Fourth street.
Henry Haines, 512 Walnut street.
FRIENDS' BOARDING SCHOOL FOR INDIAN ,
CHILDREN, TUNESASSA, NEW YORK.
A teacher of the school will be wanted at the com i
mencenient of the Spring term.
Application may be made to
Ebenezer Worth, Marshallton, Chester Co., Pa.
Joseph Soattergood, 413 Spruce St., Philada. |
Aaron Sharpless, Street Road P. O., Chest€ j
Co., Pa.
Thomas Wistar, Fox Chase P. O., Philada.
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL. i
As the stations of Superintendent and Matron of thi |
Institution are expected to be vacated at the close of lli
Winter Session, in the 4lh month next, Friends wli
may feel drawn to undertake the duties att.ached t
them, are requested to couiaiunlcate thereon witheitht
of the following named members of the Committee.
Nathaniel N. Stokes, Cinuaralnson Post-offici
Burlington Co., N. J.
Charles Evans, No. 702 Race St., Philadelphia
Deborah Rhoads, Haddonfield, N. J.
Rebecca S. Allen, No. 335 S. Fifth St., Philad
FRIENDS' ASYLU.^I FOR THE INSANE, 'j
Near Frankford, ( Tweaty-third Ward, ) Philadelphia.
Physician and Superintendent — Joshua H. Worti
INGTON, M. D.
Applications for the Admission of Patients may 1
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Board
Managers.
Died, on Sixth-day, lltli mo. 7th, 1873, in the 9;-
year of his age, SAJitlEL W. JoNES, a much esteemi
member of the Monthly Meeting of Friends of Phil
delphia for the Western District.
, at West Chester, Pa., on the 9th ult.. Jam
Miller Scarlett, son of John and Catharine Scarle
formerly of Robeson, Berks Co., Pa., aged 26 years. I
this dear young Friend it might perhaps be said, th
he came nearer exemplifying the truth of the declar
tiou of tlie P.salmist, than most of the present gener
tion : "Wherewithal shall a young man cleanse li
ways, by taking heed thereto acconling to thy word
It is ncjt desired that any extended obituary noti
should be published, but in these days of mournful d
clension and backsliiling among u.s, it is refreshing
the weary traveller Zionward, to meet with one who
great simplicity did endeavor " to cleanse his ways I
taking heed thereto according to thy word." An inn
cent cheerfulne.ss of countenance and deportment, uniti
with uprightness and liriuiiess in adhering to what I
believed to be right, were conspicuous traits in the li
of our young friend. He was one of the few of the pr
sent day, who believed it right to adhere scrupulous
to a plain costume during his life, and near its do
reipiested that his funeral should be conducted in
similar manner. His illness was of long duration, du
ing which he was careful in using words expressive
his inward state, fearing, as he .said, lest he " shou
give away all he had." For some time previous to h
close it pleased his Heavenly Father to try his faith I
a season of strippedness and desertion, which contlnm
at times for sever.il weeks, but the day before his <l
parture he said, " I have been mercifully .shown th
my way is clear;" and his friends have the consolit
hope and belief that what is their loss, is, throuj
adorable mercy, his eternal gain.
WILLIAM h! PILE, PRINTER.
No. 422 Walnut Street.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. XLVII.
SEVENTH-DAY, TWELFTH MONTH 13, 1873.
NO. 17,
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
rice Two Dollars per annum, if paid in advance. Two
dollars and tifty cents, if not paid in advance.
Subscriptiooa and PuynieDta roceiTed ty
JOHN S. STOKES,
AT SO. 116 VORTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS,
PHILADELPHIA.
ostage, when paid quarterly in advance, live cents.
For "The Friend."
The Approaching Transit of Venus.
(CoDtinued Irom pa.:;e 122.^
About fifty years ago the distinguished Ger-
lan astroDomer, Encke, undertook a recon-
ideration and rediscussion of these results,
iid also of some that had been deduced from'
bservatioDS of the transit of 1761 by Hirst at
iladras, by Lalandeat Paris, and by JSergmann
t Upsal. Fnim this laborious investigation
lucke decided that the horizontal parallax of
le sun must be an angle of 8,5776 seconds,
nd the distance of the sun about 95,286,000
liles.
From that time Encke's estimate of the
in's distance was adopted as the best light
a the matter that was likely to be obtained
ntil a half century more should pass, and
oother transit of Venus give renewed oppor-
inity for correction. But it was generally
iderstood that there was nevertheless -no
itual value in the long range of decimal
j;ares, namely 8.5776, -which Encke had
:ven as the value of the angle of parallax,
rem Encke's time, indeed, the most restless
■'astronomical spirits continued to nibble at
lese figures, instead of accepting them in
ith, or of waiting upon Venus to i'uruish the
ixt opportunity for their revision and cor-
ction ; and they began to make guesses at
e probable solution'of the problem by the
ntative application of less exact, less power-
I, and less orthodox methods. Four of these
I bsidiary attempts deserve special notice,
>th on account of their ingenuity, and on
Hcount of the remarkable agreement of the
■suits that have been reached through their
■ strumentality.
First Hansen, who has made extensive and
;luable researches in the department of
-lysical Astronomy, about the year 1854,
Jvised some older work of La Place, and cal-
<Iated the difference in the effect of the sun's
• traction in diminishing the moon's motion
1 and near the times of "new and full moon —
Ut is when the moon is nearer to the sun
Un the earth, and when the earth is nearer
1 It than the moon. He then compared the
imlts of his calculations with the observed
Jegularities in the moon's motion known to
t due to this cause, and he said, "Encke's
t termination of the solar parallax makes the
sun's distance too great. It must be about
92,000,000 miles, and the resulting parallax
8,88 seconds."
Next, Levcrrier carefully examined certain
periodical inequalities of the sun's apparent
motion in the heavens, and from this exami-
nation, aided by a subsequent correction of
one part of the calculation by E. J. Stone (at
that time at Greenwich observatory), it vs as
inferred that the sun's distance is about 91,-
320,000 miles, and his ])arallax 8,95 seconds.
Then the French philosophers, Fizeau and
Foueault, contrived arrangements of rapidly-
revolving wheels and mirrors, by which the
speed of wave-transmission in a light-beam
could be measured. Fizeau's experiments
were made as carlj^ as 1840, and accorded re-
markably well with the estimate that was then
gcnerallj- adopted as the probable distance of
the sun. He made the velocity of light 194,-
663 miles per second, and, since longcontinued
observations of the eclipses of Jupiter's moons
had proved that it requires 16 minutes and 26
seconds for light to be transmitted across the
full breadth of the earth's orbit, or 8 minutes
and 13 seconds (equal to 493 seconds) for the
half-diameter, it follows that 493 times 194,-
663 miles, or about 95,970,000 miles is the dis
tance of the sun according to Fizeau. Several
years afterwards Foueault repeated thc^^e ex-
periments, or, more correctly speaking, he
tried them in a different way and with new
and improved apparatus. The resulting velo-
city of light was 298,000,000 metres or 185,172
miles per second, making the sun's mean dis-
tance about 91,300,000 miles, and his "mean
horizontal parallax" 8.952 seconds.
And, finally, the Astronomer Eoj-al and E.
J. Stone used as a base of survej' the distance
through which an observer on the earth is
carried hy the sweep of its rotation in a few
hours, and marked the position of the planet
Mars among the fixed stars from each ex-
tremity of this base; and then, applying the
proportion of the relative distances of the
earth and Mars from the sun, calculated that
the horizontal ])arallax of the sun should be
about 8.9 seconds.
This remarkable series of independent ob-
servations, based each on a separate ground,
therefore seemed to indicate that the sun was
something less than 92 000,000, instead of
something more than 95,0U0,000 miles away,
and so gave increased reason for an anxious
anticipation of the return of the next transit
of Venus, when the more exact observation
could (once again) be very carefully made.
In the meantime, it occurred to E. J. Stone,
shortly before leaving Greenwich upon his
ap])ointmentas Astronomer Royal at the Cape
of Good Hope, that a very careful re-examina-
tion of the observations of the transit of 17G9
might possibly throw some light upon thewaj-
in which so erroneous a conclusion as Encke's
estimate could have been arrived at. The old
observers of the transit had found consider-
able difficulty in determing the exact instant
when the planet entered upon, or left, the face
of iho sun, and thcj- were probably not awaro
of a fact that is now well known, namely,
that a dark body seen upon a bright back-
grountl always ajipoars smaller to the cyo
than if seen with loss intense contrast. It is
now understood (and indeed this appearance
was noticed by some of the observers both in
1761 and 1769) that from this or some other
cause the instant when the planet has com-
pleted its entrance upon the sun's bright face,
and the instant when it has commenced to
leave it, is marked by the formation, or break-
ing, of a fine black "band or ligature, stretch-
ing like a stalk between the dark rim of the
planet and the bright rim of the sun, rather
than by a clear contact of the sharplj- defined
circular outlines. It, therefore, obviously is
a matter of some consequence whether this
true indication of exact contact was, or was
not, generally used in the observations of 1769.
From a close examination of the records, E.
J. Stone arrived at the conviction that some
of the observers did, and some did not, fix
their observations from these appearances of
the fine l)and, and that much of the confusion,
and probably much of the error of the calcu-
lations based upon those observations, was
due to this cause ; and ho then found, that if
all these observations were classed accord-
ingly as they belonged to the group in which
the true, or the false, indications of contact
appeared to have been used, and the calcula-
tions were then made under this correction,
the parallax of the sun according to these
very observations of 1769 was S,9i seconds.
Since this revision of the 1769 observations,
it has been pretty generally admitted that
the result must be accepted as a confirmation
of the deductions drawn fiom the other inde-
pendent investigations which have been al-
luded to, and that it must henceforth be held
that the parallax of the sun is very close upon
8.9 seconds, and the distance of the sun very
close u])on 92,000,000 miles; and that the re-
sidual error which will have now to be looked
to at the great opportuiut3-of the next transit
of Venus, in 1874, will probably not be more
than three-hundredths of a second in the mat-
ter of the angular measure of the parallax,
and 300,000 miles in that of distance. The
nature of the task which the astronomer will
have to perform, in dealing as a matter of ob-
servation with this exceedingly minute quan-
tity, will perhaps be best conceived from the
statement given by E. A. Proctor, that the
coarser correction of more than three millions
of miles — which appears to have been happily
accomplished — involved the examination of a
Jimension which was about the same thing
as the face of a sovereign looked at eight miles
away, or a human hair looked at 125 feet
away ! The scrutiny of the angle of displace-
ment that would correspond with a distance
of 300,000 miles would be very much like the
task the Astronomer Royal would have to per-
form if he undertook from bis central throne
130
THE FRIEND.
of astronomical science at Greenwich to detect ^
the face of a bright sovereign held up for hira ^
in the sunshine at Peterborough, nearly 80
miles distant.*
So great an advance has, however, now
been effected in the instruments and processes
of astronomical investigation, that it is be-
lieved it will be more easy at the present time
to deal with the small possible error of 300,-
000 miles than it was a century ago to deal
■with the larger quantity of 3,000,000 of miles.
Money has already been provided by the
forethought of the State to enable the renew-
ed attack upon the interesting problem to be
made systematically, with all the advantages
the advanced science of the day can confer,
and arrangements for the work are already in
progress. The situations that promise to be
most convenient for the observation have been
carefully considered. Very good sites for the
northern stations of survey will fall in Tar-
tary, North China, and Japan; and for the
southern stations, about Crozet Island, Ker-
guelen Land, and Royal Company Island, in
the South Pacitic. The best stations for tiie
work, viewed merely as a piece of parallactic
survey, are obviouslj" those which are as far
asunder as possible, but Tievertheless within
such a range that each of them must have
both the beginning and the end of the transit
well in sight between the rising and the set-
ting of the sun.
CTo be continued.)
For "The Fvieurt "
John nenlri.
(CoDtinned froTii !•»«• !-'"'.>
From John Beald to Benjamin Kite.
" Columbiana Co., Ohio, 26th of 6th mo. 1813.
"The account of the late and sudden death
of Caleb Shreeve, as contained in thy letter,
has drawn the attention of many Friends, who
having heard that I had received the intelli
gence, have, some of them, applied to hear the
certainty; to m-iny of whom 1 read or showed
thy information, and the}' appeared to i-etain
a remembrance of him, accompanied with sin-
cere respect, and I believe were all affected,
in measure at least, with the account of so
quick, so hasty a summons. When I have
read it to some I have found silence to follow.
and tears in many instances flowed both with
respect to him and dear Susannah Ilorne, ex-
pressive of both sympathj- and endearment.
I believe a general sj^mpathy prevails with
respect to the latter, ami I doubt not but that
many sincere prayers have ascended for her
support and preservation, and safe keeping
through her many and deep trials ; and from
some perhaps whose hands she never pressed.
May these bo accepted.
" As to the state of public affairs, they are
pretty still at jiresent hereaway. I believe
that no Friends have suffered yet by the opera-
tions of the militia law here, except for mus
ter fines; but I have heard that in some of the
lower parts of the State, some have been
stripped of tlieir property considerably, and
it may soon be so here. The operations of
the law in case of a draft are far from being-
mild, but would soon deprive many indus-
trious families of all their property, where a
non-compliance takes place.
"In one letter I sent thee, I think I men-
tioned brother William had, by deputation of
our Quarterly Meeting, gone to wait on the As-
semblj-, in company vvith some other Friends.
They reported since that they had complied
with their appointment, presented our me-
morial, and waited upon the different branches
of the Legislature until that bill containing
the militia law passed through both houses;
the rigors of which were much lessened before
it passed ; and they thought it was done, at
.east in part, to tavor the Society ; but it
still has serious consequences involved in it.
Whether our members will have to bear the
shock, or be shielded therefrom, is still a secret,
perhaps for best and wisest purposes."
For want of a convenient opportunity of
sending, this letter was not forwarded for a
considerable time, and when it was sent was
accompanied by the following, dated 14th of
9th mo. 1813, in which an account is given of
the first opening of Ohio Yearly Meeting:
" Esteemed Friend, — I seem to have but
.ittle time to spare to write to thee at present,
and to help make that deficiency up, I must
send a letter I wrote some time past, and in-
tended to have taken to our Yearly Meeting
to obtain a conveyance for it to thee, but 1
forgot it then.
"As I have mentioned our Yearly Meeting,
I will go further, and say it was attended by
about (I suppose) two' thousand Friends,
though I am ready to conclude the number
was rather less, althougli some Friends ex-
pressed that they supposed there was three
thousand or nearly. The business began on
Second day, and was concluded on Sixth-day
evening, the 20th of 8th mo. 1S13. Attended
by a considerable number of Friends from
several Y^early Meetings, as New York, Phila-
delphia, Baltimore, Virginia and Carolina, a
solemnity continued to attend the several sit-
tings and deliberations thereof, and near the
close my mind was led to view in retrospect
the time when the number of Friends' families
were less than ten. and when my father, one
young woman
and mvself were all that at-
* The reader must bear in mind that in this illnstra-
tion, it is not l\\e whole parallax, but only the successive
correelioTis of it, that are compared, viz., three-tenths
and three-hundredtha of a second respectively.
tendeci one meeting, and that the only meet-
ing then in this western country, and less than
40 years ago, and then the first established
meeting and the opening of a Preparative —
after that the opening of the first Monthly
Meeting in the 12th mo. 1785, some years
since a Quarterly Meeting, and now a Yearly
Meeting is opened attended by such a large
number of Friends, and with the overshadow-
ing solemnit}- so successively prevailing, that
I said in my heart, how great things thou
hast done, and art doing, for this thy people,
0 Lord ! how dost thou delight to do us good;
how small but a few years ago, and what a
multitude now: all this brought about within
the compass of my own knowledge — the open-
ing of all those meetings I have attended, ex-
cept the Preparative before mentioned.
" John Lechworth accompanied me home,
we (i. e. my family and self) were glad of his
company. I was with him at five or six of our
meetings. Daniel Haviland attended most of
them with his companion. Job Kinyon— what
multiplied favors to us — they will be respect-
fully remembered here, I believe, their labors
have been acceptable where I attended, and
whore I have heard since of them. John and
1 came to my house the 24th of last mo., and
I parted with him at the close of a meeting
at Fairfield the 20th, with desires by both of
us, that when it is well with thee remember
me, he was well then, I believe.
"The letter first mentioned in this, con
tains an account that will nearly suit the pre
sent time, both with regard to the appear
ance of the times and with respect to health,
though I think there is less complaint now
than there was then. I cannot well omit
mentioning, before I conclude, that from ac
counts received at our Yearly Meeting, about
•it>-ht young men were impri^oned in the
.ower part of this State, for a short time, be.
cause they when drafted, did not march with
the militia, and others suffered distraint oi
property to the amount of several hundred
dollars.
" My love affectionately to thee, thy wife
and children, to I. James and his; 1 still re-
member him as in my other letter, before
mentioned, is expressed. I likewise would be
remembered (as thou mayest have opportu-
nity and freedom) to many others. Farewell,
" Thy friend 1 trust in sincerity,
John Heald."
"Columbiana Co., Ohio, 11th mo. 1st, 1813.
" Esteemed Friend,— Thy letter of 26th o
9th mo. last, 1 received about two weeks aftei
date, which was satisfactory. 1 have but litthj
in view at this time to write to thee, but hay|
ing, as I suppose, a favorable opportunity, .
thought it not best to miss writing altogether
as opportunities are sometimes far apart. I
" 1 have not heard anything from Join
Letchworth since he left the borders of ou
Quarterly Meeting. He at that time w:i
well, and in company with Daniel Havilam
and Job Kenyon, their prospects lying tn
gether, and their labors when I was wit)
them, appeared to be in unison. These thin;;
rather relieved my mind respecting a com j
panion, as I hoped they would be mutua|
helps to each other, though still it would hav i
fitted my sentiments better, could he hav i
been furnished with a suitable compauioi |
from homo.
" I. James' love I accept cordially. _ Da;
after day I remember him with uiifeignei
love, desiring he may be continued an objec
of Divine favor. Notwithstanding I hav
loved many worthy men, I do not reeollec
that my mind, for so long a time together, s
often turned to any of them as it has done t
him; and that he should not be well, 'neithe
in body nor in mind,' as thy letter to me say
he said, is an affecting account to me. I stil
erave for his low dwelling place to be nea
unto the Fountain and well-spring of hfi
where his mind may often be refreshed an
quieted, and find rest in the day of troublt
This will be a sanctuary of defence, undu
turbed b}^ the triumphs of such who may r(
joice at his downfall, if any such there b
which is often the case. Anthony Beneze
1 think, says, that ' the highest act of charit
in the world is to bear with the uareasonabL
ness of manUind,' or to this import.
" I conclude with love to thee and to th
bosom friend, and to your dear children.
Farewell, affectionately, my friends.
John Heald."
" Columbiana Co., Ohio, 8th mo. 1st, 1814.
" Esteemed Friend, — I have thought thi
I would prepare a few linos against the tim
of holding Ohio Yearly Meeting, to send t
thee, supposing an opportunity may offer i
that time to convey them.
" I think my last letter to thee mentionf
the typhus fever at Sandy Spring. Thi
I
THE FRIEND.
131
alamityhad not then parsed over, but a short
ime after showod that ncvcral youtifj^ families
vere left witliout fathers, and others withoul
nothers to provide i'<n- their necessities.
■'I saw a letter which brother William had
eceived from thee that informed of the ileaths
)f Thomas Scattergood and Mary Harper, two
Viends I much esteemed, whom 1 sometimes
lad thoughts of seeing, as well as some of the
est of j'oii, this fall ; as I have an expeeta-
.ion of attending the Yearly Meeting in Balti-
nore, and the meetings in and about that part
f Maryland, and in the lower part of the
Delaware State, before I come to Philafel
)hia. I laid the matter before our last
Monthly Meeting, and for anything that has
fet appeared 1 shall be left at liberty to go,
)ut stdl the concern may decline and die
iwav, or some cause may obstruct. The
Monthly Meeting has not yet done with it.
md the" Quarterly Meeting has all its part to
Jo after that, and I have my business to settle
)rarrange, so 1 can only inform that the thing
9 in train.
'Our esteemed friend, Nathan Hunt, and
jompanions were here, and had several large
meetings in these parts, the latter part of the
3th month. Since Daniel Haviland and John
Letchworth, wo have had no public Fj-iends
travelling through hero but these, and they
ittended but few of our meetings, but went to
several towns and had meetings there where
.10 Friend had before, and lengthy eommuni-
jations mostly, and generally well received
ind approved, as far as I know; though at
jur meeting he disapproved of much noise
ind shouting in time of worship, and several
jf the society of the Jlethodists were there,
who have since showed a dislike to his doc
Lrine, or rather testimony, while others say
iiis declaration is true, and he the greatest
preacher they ever heard.
"The military noise is much slillc'' to what
t was, though there is some yet. 0 I how
QQUch is peace to be preferred, where no jarr-
ing, discordant sounds are heard to tire the
mind with inquietude. But can we indeed
expect the rod of affliction to be altogether
laid by? But while my mind views the sub
ject, I am disposed with David to say, let us
act fall into the hands of man, but into the
hand of the Lord.
" Farewell my friends,
John He.\ld."
(To be continued.)
Comets.
(CoDtinned from page 1'23.
METEORIC .STONES.
Although numerous instances of the fall of
aerolites had been recorded, some of them ap-
parently well authenticated, the oceurreuce
long appeared too marvelous and improbable
to gain credence with scientific men. Such a
(1.) 1478 B. c. — According to thecelebrated
Parian chronicle, an aerolite, or thunder-stone,
as it was called, fell in the island of Crete,
about 1478 years before the Christian era.
Ibis is undoubtedly the most ancient stone-
fall on recoi-d. Meteoric masses have been
found, however, the fall of which probably oc-
curred at an epoch still more ancient.
(2.) 120(1 B. c. — A number of stones, which
were anciently jjniserved in < )rch(imenos, a
town of Bieotia, were saiil lo have fallen from
heaven about twelve contui-ies before our era.
(?>.) 1108 B. c. — A mass of iron, as we learn
tVom the Parian chroiuole, was seen to descend
u]ion Miiunt Ida, in Crete.
{4.) 654 B. c. — According to Livy, a numlicr
of meteoric stones fVII on the Alban Hill, near
Rome, about the j-ear 654 b. c.
(5.) GIG B.C., January 14. — It is related in
the Chinese annals that on the 14th of January.
G16 B. c, a meteoric stone-fall broke several
chariots and killed ten men.
(Or) 4GG B. c. — A mass of rock, described as
"of the size of two millstones," fell at .Egos
potamos, in Thrace. An attempt to redis
cover this meteoric mass, so celebrated in
antiquit}-, was recently made, but without
success. Notwithstanding this failure, Hum-
boldt expressed the hope that, as such a bod}-
would be difficult to destroy, it maj- yet be
found, " since the region in which it fell is
now become so eas}' of access to European
travellers."
(7.) 465 B. c. — The famous stone called the
" Mother of the Gods," and which is described
or alluded to by many ancient writers, was
said to have fallen Irom the skies. The poet
Pindar was seated on a hill at the time of its
descent, and the meteorite struck the earth
near his feet. The stone, as it fell, was en-
cirde.d by fire. '-It is said to have been of
moderate dimensions, of a black hue, of an
irregular, angular shape, and of a metallic as-
pect. An oracle had predicted that the Ro
mans would continue to increase in prosjjcrity
if they were put in ].)ossession of this precious
deposit; and Publius Scipio Nasico was ac-
cordingl}' deputed to Attains, Kingof Perga-
raus, to obtain and receive the sacred idol,
whose worship was instituted at Rome 204
j'cars before the Christian era." — Edinburgh
Encyclopedia.
(8) A.n. 921. — An immense aerolite fell
into the river (a branch of the Tiberj at Narni,
in Italy. It projected three or four feet above
the surface of the water.
(9 ) 1492, November 7. — .\n aerolite, weigh-
ing 270 pounds, fell at Ensisheim, in Alsace,
penetrating the earth to the depth of three
feet. This stone, or the greater part of it,
may still be seen at iMisisheini.
(10.) 1511, Sepiember 14. — At noon an al-
most total darkening of the heavens occurred
at Crema. " During this midnight <;loom,"
says a writer of that jjeriod, " unhead-of thun-
ders, mingled with awful lightnings, resound-
ed through the heavens. ... On the plain
of Crema, where never before was seen a
stone the size of an egg, there fell pieces of
rock of enormous dimensions and of immense
wi-ighi. It is said that ten of these were
found, weighing 100 pounds each." A monk
was struck dead at Crema by one of these
rocky fragments. This terrific display is said
to have lasted two hours, and 1200 aerolites
were subsequently found.
(12.) 1650, J/./A'A aO, — A Franciscan monk
was killed at Milan by the lull of a meteoric
stone.
(13.) 1G74. — Two Swedish sailors were killed
on shijtboard by the fall of an aerolite.
(14.) 1751. J/((i/ 20.- Two meteoric masses,
consisting almost wholly of iron, fell near
Agram, the capital of Croatia. The larger
fragment, which weighs 72 pounds, is now in
Vienna.
(15.) 1790, .fuly 21.— Botween 9 and 10
o'clock at night a. ver_y large meteoi- was seen"
near Bordeaux. France. Over Bai-botan a
loud explosion was heard, which was followed
by a shower of meteoric stones of various
magnitudes.
(16.) 1704, July. — A fall of about a dozen
aerolites occurred at Sienna, Tuscany.
(17. j 1795, Decemljcr \?i. — .V large meteoric
stone fell near Wold Cottage, in Yorkshire,
England. " Several persons heard the report
of an explosion in the air, followed by a hiss-
ing sound; and afterward felt a shock, as if a
heavy body had fallen to the ground aia little
distance from them. One of these, a plow-
man, saw u huge stone falling towards the
earth, eight or nine yards from the place
where he stood. It threw up the mould on
every side ; and after penetrating through the
soil, lodged some inches deep in solid chalk-
rock. Upon being raised, the stone was found
to weigh 56 pounds. It fell in the afternoon
of a mild, but hazy day, during which there
was no thunder or lightning; and the noise
of the explosion was heard through a con-
siderable district." — Milner's Gallery of Na-
ture, p. 134.
(18.) 1796 February 19.— A stone of 10
pounds' weight fell in Portugal.
(19.) 1803, April 26. — This remarkable
shower was referred to on a previous page.
At 1 o'clock p. M., the heavens being almost
cloudless, a tremendous noise, like that of
thunder, was heard, and at the same time an
immense fire-ball was seen moving with great
rapiility through the atmosphere. This was
follow<>d bj- a violent cx]jlosion, which lasted
several minutes, and which was heard not
only at L'Aigle, but in every direction around
it to the distance of 70 miles. Immediately
after, a great number of meteoric stones fell
to the earth, generally penetrating to some
distance beneath the surface. Nearly 3000 of ,
these fragments were found and collected, the
largest weighing about 17 pounds. The oc-
currence very natur .lly excited great atten-
tion. M. Biot, under the authority of the
government, repaired to thj ];ilace, collected
the various I'acls in regard to the phenomenon,
took the testimony of witnesses, &c., and final-
ly embraced the results of his investig .tions
in an elaborate memoir.
(20.) 1807, December 14 — -A large meteor
exploded over Weston, Connecticut. The
height, direction, velocity and magnitude of
this body were discussed by Dr. Bowditeh in
a memoir communicated to the American
Academy of Arts and Scii'nces in 1815. The
appearance of the meteor occurred about Gh.
15m. A. .M.. — ^^just after daybreak. Its a[)parent
diameter was half th;tt of the f(j|l moon ; its
time of flight, about 30 seconds. Within less
than a minute from the time of its disappear-
ance three distinct reports, lilce those of artil-
lery, were heard over an area several miles in
diameter. Each explosion was j'ollowed by
(l\.) \&i1,Novend)er2'3. — A stone, weighing' the fall of meteoric stones. Unlike most
54 pounds, fell on Mount Vaison, in Provence, aerolites, these bodies when first found were
132
THE FRIEND.
BO soft as to be easily pulverized between the
fingers. On exposure to the air, however,
they gradually hardened. The weight of the
largest fra<;ment was 35 pounds.
(21.) 1859, November 15. — Between 9 and
10 o'clock in the morning an extraordinary
meteor was seen in several of the New Eng-
land States, New York, New Jersey, the Dis-
trict of Columbia, and Virginia. The apparent
diameter of the head was nearly equal to that
of the sun, and it had a train, notwithstand-
ing the bright sunshine, several degrees in
length. Its disappearance on the coast of the
Atlantic was followed by a series of the most
terrific explosions. It is believed to have de-
scended into the water, probably into Dela-
ware Bay. A highly interesting account of
this meteor, by Professor Loomis, may be
found in the American Journal of Science and
Arts for January, 1860.
(To be continued.)
Incident from the Life of Geraldinc Denning.
— When waiting for a few minutes on a plat-
form once in Norfolk, a Friend directed her
attention to an unconverted man standing on
the opposite side of the line, saj'ing, "He is
very hard to reach with the Truth." He was
a gamekeeper, and was accompanid by a re-
triever dog. She quickly crossed the line, went
up to him, and stroking his four-footed friend,
said cordially, " What a beautiful dog you
have here!" "Yes!" said the man rather
gruffly ; " but take care he don't bite you. He
is not fond of strangers!" "O! he won't bite
me. Dogs know who are fond of them ; no
doubt you are verj- fond of him?' "That I
am !" " Do you feed your dog ?" " Yes,
ma'am!" "House him?" "Yes, of course!"
"Does your dogobey your word of command ?"
"Yes, ma'am!" "And you would be disap-
pointed if he did not love and obey you?"
"That I should," then looking proudly at his
dog, " but Eover does love his master," and he
patted the dog's head as he looked up trust-
fully in his face. "Would you be grieved if
he followed a stranger?" "Yes," he replied,
rather impatient at so many questions. "Ah !"
said she, in a sad, tender reproachful tone,
" you ungrateful sinner, what a lesson does
that dog teach you ! God has fed you, housed
you, cared for you, loved you these many
years — but you do not love or obey Him —
you do not follow Him! He so loved j'ou
that he gave His only begotten Son to die on
the cross for your sins, and yet you never
have loved Him in return ! You follow a
stranger, Satan is your chosen master. The
dog knows its owner — you know not yours!
Truly may it be said of you, ' the ox knoweth
its owner, and the ass its master's crib ; but
Israel doth not know, my people doth not
consider!' " She looked sadl}% yet kindly, at
him, as she earnestly uttered these words.
His eyes filled with tears — he fixed them on
his dog, and in a choking voice said, after a
few moments, "Ah! Eover, Rover! thou hast
taught thy master a lesson this day! [ have
been an ungrateful sinner, but, by God's help
I'll be so no longer." The train was just
arriving, so quoting a few of the precious
promises of Scripture, she bade him adieu
with a shako of the hand. That evening
the gamekeeper was found for the first time
in a prayer meeting, crying, " God be merci-
ful to me, a sinner," and soon he was rejoicing
in a sense of pardon through the precious
blood of Christ.
Selected.
TOO SOON?
Too soon for me, I know.
Came the sharp summons — but, beloved, for tliee.
Thy spirit wings outstretched, and plumed to go,
Too soon it could not be.
Was it too soon to take
Thy place amid the glory and the light
Of Die eternal city, and awake
Where there is no more night ?
Too soon to quaft'the tide
Of life's pni-e river? or on that bright shore
To wander witli the loved and glorified,
Gone but awhile before?
Up, where no storms may beat.
Above the stars — beyond the sapphire dome.
All sorrow ended, and all joy complete,
Thou'rt safe, beloved, at home.
Safe, from this place of tears,
Safe from the touch of time, the taint of sin ;
AVhere there are no more conflicts, no more fears,
I krrow thou'st entered in :
Entered the realms of peace,
The many mansions of perpetual joy.
Where hymns of heavenly harpers never cease,
And bliss hath no alloy.
There, the glad notes prolong
Of praise, tliat echoed witli thy failing breath,
Breaking triumphant from thy faltering tongue.
E'en in thine hour of death.
Why should this parting grieve?
Why this .sad weeping while we kiss the rod?
O selfish sorrow ! when we nuist believe
Thy blessedness with God ?
Peace, troubled heart, 'tis best;
Life's struggle over, and his arras laid down.
To the worn i)ilgrim comes the hour of rest,
The palm-branch and the crown.
M. N. M.
Selected.
YOUTH EENEWED.
Fancies again are springing.
Like May-flowers in the vales ;
While hopes, long lost, are singing
From tliorns like niglitingales ;
And kindly spirits stir my blood.
Like vernal airs, that curl the flood :
There falls to manhood's lot
A joy which youth has not,
A dream more beautiful than truth,
Returning Spring, renewing Youth.
Thus sweetly to surrender
The present for the past,
In sprightly mood, yet tender.
Life's burden down to cast,
This is to taste, from stage to .stage,
Youth on the lees refined by age;
Like wine well kept and long,
Lleady, nor harsh, nor strong,
AV'ith every annual cup is quaflT'd
A richer, purer, mellower draught.
James Montgomery.
To all the inhabitants of England, and to all
that dwell upon the earth.
God alone is the Teacher of His people. He
hath given to every one a measure of grace,
which is the Light that comes from Christ.
It checks and reproves for sin. All who wait
in that Light, come to know the only true
God and Father of light, in Christ Jesus, who
is the way to Him. This I witness to all the
sons of men : — that I came not to the know-
ledge of eternal life by the letter of the Scrip-
ture, nor by hearing men speak of the Name
of God. I came to the true knowledge of the
Scriptures, and to the eternal rest in Christ
of which they testify, by the inspiration of the
Spirit of Josusi, the Lion of the tribe of Judah,
who alone is found worthy to open the seals
of the book. — William Dewshury.
Unprofitable Reading.
"You cannot aflbrd to road such books,'
was the remark of a sagacious gentleman t(
a j-oung friend, whom he saw constantly oc
cupied with fictitious litertiture. The cautiot
has a world of wisdom in it. The young can
not afford to give all, or even the half of th<
time thej' have for reading, to the fascinatini
pages of fiction. And yet, let the sales o
booksellers, the issues of magazines, and th<
shelves of the circulating and the public libra
ries be examined, and it will be found that th(
perusal of fictitious works far exceeds that o:
useful publications. Youth is man's oppor
tunity. The mind has only a given capacityl
and if that is filled with fiction, lact finds small
place for admission. Surprise is sometime!
expressed that industrious j'oung men anc
women, who read very little in comparison
with voracious novel readers, happen to be
better informed and more capable in business
than some who fancy themselves of literary
tastes, and who have the reputation of being
"bookish" young people. The fact is that
these apparent non-readers are practical and!
observant persons. They have some clear J
aim in life, and pursue it by attaining know-
ledge. Part of their improvement is gained
by observation, and more by thought and
reasoning. They do read ; but it is with an
object, and if the amount in pages is small,
that small amount is well digested and ap-
plied. They take up books for a purpose and
with an object ; and discard such promiscuous
reading as does not minister to the end they
have in view. They have no taste for mere
fiction, as fiction ; and what few works of
imagination they care to read are such as illus-
trate the truth. Mere tissues of wi'd inven-
tion, resting on impossible machinery and
ending in startling catastrophes, presenting]
details of crime and plots woven with exeit- •
ing sin, have no charm for those who ask
themselves whether they can afford to read a
book. It is a rare accomplishment to be able
to peep into an exciting volume, and give it a
toss aside, if it proves unworthy of the time
it would occupy. Many persons seem to think
that to begin a volume commits them in honor
and honesty to go through with it. Yet one
is no more bound to do this than he is to make
a hearty meal upon food which he knows is
unwholesome.
The too prevalent error is in permitting
light reading to displace the more solid and
really useful. There is hardly a young man
in business to-day in the United States who
could not find volumes treating of his parti-
cular calling, or upon subjects pertinent to it.
The perusal of these works would give him
the benefit of the experience of others, and
make him at five-and-twenty better informed
in his daily work than he could become by his
own experience without such aids in some
form at five-and-forty. Few avail themselves
of this opportunity. But those few are the
successful men. The world calls them lucky.
Say, rather wise. They are prudent, and
know what they cannot aff'ord.
Look at this matter in a more general light,
and one that concerns everybody. How many
are there among those who "talk politics"
who are acquainted in any proper degree with
the history of their countiy, and with the
true science of politics? How many have
studied the facts and theories which underlie
the questions of public policy which are con-
tinually presented to the voting public? A
THE FRIEND.
133
eneral knowledge of these subjects, gained
(T reading original authorities, ought to form
irt of every man's self-acquired education,
ad also some knowledge of the laws and
istoms which bear upon his own business.
he young especially cannot afford to bo with-
it this description of useful knowledt;e, and
3t there are thousantls to whom the idea of
squiring it never occurs.
In the matter of fitness for companionship,
id ability to converse, power to imparl know-
dge, and to appreciate and receive it, judi-
ous reading is indispensable. Facts for the
undation, imagination for the embellish-
ent, and a judicious blending of the usetul
id ornamental for the furnishing, constitute
proper mental structure. It is to the rear-
g of this that j'outh should he devoted — the
ath including moral as well as mental sci-
ce. The excessive pursuit of fiction will
>t answer the conditions. So, j'oung men,
k yourself, before you enter upon the next
nsational novel, " Can I ati'ord it ?"
For "The Friend.
Scientific Notes.
The Pittsburg "Iron World" says, the most
twerful pair of engines in the world, are in
inrse of construction in that city. They are
signed to raise water into the Highland re
rvoir, an altitude of 365 feet. Eeducing
e capacity of some of the largest pumping
gines in the world to a uniform lift of one
at high in twenty-ibur hours, it is found that
e one at the Lehigh zinc mines, will lift 3,-
6,000 gallons; the pair at the Chicago water
3rks, 4,500,00(1,000 gallons ; the pair'at Haar-
j|n, Holland, 1,000,000,000 gallons. The new
tt^burg engines are expected to lift 14,240,-
'0,000 gallons. The pair will weigh 1,500
Ins, and cost §42,550.
Hijdraxdic Forging. — One of the recent im-
jovements in the working of iron, is the ap-
] i-ilion of the endward pressure, which can
1 given by the hydraulic press to the forg-
i,' of heavy masses of iron, as a substitute
jlr the ordinary Bteam-hammer. It is said to
^p(4 the scoria, and make perfect welding of
to heated surfaces.
There is a building for worship at Bergen,
Ige enough to contain nearly 1,000 persons,
iide of paper. It is circular in shape. The
1 ieves outside, and the statues within, the
1 jf, the ceiling, the Corinthian capitals, are
( of paper-mache, rendered water-proof by
t uvation in vitriol, lime water, whey and
Mile of egg.
For disinfecting the air of sick-rooms, chlo-
ile of lime and acetic acid, are said to be the
:ht materials. For rendering harmless ex-
(;mentitious matter, salts, such as copperas,
(inbined with alumina and lime, are recom-
iimded — as being effectual and cheap.
The losses incurred by the (ierman armies
cring the late war, have been published in
tiulated form by Captain Leclerc, a French
.cicer, who undertook this work during his
(otivity in Prussia. The materials were
ctained from various lists published by the
I nisters of War. It is stated that, from the
'ah. of 7th mo. to the 3d of 9th mo., the four
( rman armies lost 74,786 men. Tlie invest-
i -ni and siege of Paris, from 15th of 9th mo.,
](0, to 28th of 1st mo., 1871, involved a loss
t the German armies of 11,710 men.
The spectroscope has been recently applied
t determining the velocity with which the
^ferent stars approach or recede from us.
When the star is moving towards our s^-stem,
the lines in its spectrum are shifted toward
the violet end ; and when moving from us,
toward the red end of the spectrum. By ob-
serving the amount of disiilacement we can
estimate the velocity'. Dr. Iluggins has made
some observations from which he calculates
that some of the stars of the Great Boar are
receding from us at about nineteen miles per
second.
For sometime past, a novel plan for admin-
istering cod-liver oil, has been successfully
practiced in Paris at a children's hospital,
to which about 300 small loaves are daily
supplied, each containing a small portion of
this oil. A writer in the"" English Mechanic'
says, ho has tested the plan with satisfactory
results. His wife every week makes a larg"
loaf, which is nowise unpalatable. She mixes
three table-spoonfuls of the oil with a quantity
of warm milk, using as much flour as is neces-
sary to form a dough, which is improved by
thorough kneading like other bread. She
adds the usual allowance of salt, and a small
portion of brown sugar. The plan is recom-
mended for those to whom the oil is prescribed,
and whoso stomachs refuse to take it in the
ordinary way.
Of loo boys, between 12 and 16 j-ears of
ago, who were employed in a tobacco factory
near Vienna, 72 fell sick during the first six
months.
Owing to the destruction of the native dogs
in Australia, by the sheep-farmers, kangaroos
are said to increase so fast, as to be quite a
nuisance.
A Vienna manufacturer, Brunfaut, has made
some recent improvements in spinning glass.
After many trials, he discovered a composition
which maj' be made into curled or frizzled
yarn. The frizzled threads surpass in fine-
ness the finest cotton, and appear almost as
soft and elastic as silk lint. The woven-glass
fiock wool has quite recently been used as a
substitute for ordinary wool wrapping, for
patients suffering from gout, and its use for
this purpose is said to have been successful.
The smooth threads are now woven into tex-
tile fabi-ics, which are made into cushions,
carpets, tablecloths, shawls, &c. The glass
yarn approaches silk in softness, and to the
touch is like the finest wool or cotton. It
possesses remarkable strength, and it remains
unchanged in light and warmth, and is not
altered by moisture or acids. Being incom-
bustible, it is especiall}" valuable for making
dress materials. The composition of the ma-
terials is still a secret, and the spinning re-
quires extraordinary attention. This part of
the business is said to be very trying to the
sight.
I'cst of us. At the next meal, he resumed his
reading where he had left oft', and so on from
time to time, until the continuity and steady
purpose of his occupation attracted iittention
and exposed him to many a volley of chalHng
from his com])anions. Ho oidy smiled, and
went on with his rea<ling, while we went on
with our usual chit-chat, until at last we for-
got to notice him at all. The winter passed
away; tho S])ring approached; and the last
dinner-bell of the term had just left its final
clatter in the air, when tho j'oung tortoise-
plodder in the big octavo closed its covers to-
gether with an emphatic slap, and an an-
nouncement of " the end." All the rest of us
had wished to master the book, hut hadn't
had the time; he, liy reading a little Ihi-ec
times a day, had transferred its entire con-
tents to his head. — Clirititian Union.
A Little Every Day. — A few of us students
had obtained permission to take our meals
every day with a private family in the town.
We waited for every meal from five to ten
minutes ; a fragment of time which weusuallj-
expended in chatting, joking, and skylarking.
A large scientific work in royal octavo lay on
the table — probably the only book treasure of
the house. Several of us expressed a desire
to read it, but regretted the lack of time and
opportunity. One of our number, however —
a silent, studious sort of chap — quietly took up
the volume, nibbled at the title-page, glanced
over the table of contents, and attacked the
preface. In a moment more he was called to
the table, and after eating, was out with the
For "The Friend,"
White Wiieat.
Having occasion to prejiaro some crushed
wheat for an invalid, I wended my way to a
miller in our parts, and asked for white wheat,
as being peculiar!}- fitted for the necessities of
tbe occasion. He had none, but said he looked
for some peculiarly nice on tho arrival of his
team, that day. I called again on tho mor-
row, and when he untied his sack, told him
that was just what 1 wanted. Indeed, the
round, plump seeds were beautiful and invit-
ing, and I gladly carried home mj- jirize.
A mill was procured, and seated in my chair,
I began to fill tho hopper with the newly pur-
chased wheat: but as 1 poured it out, little by
little, my watchful eye caught sight of a grain
that evidently did not belong there: — a poor,
thin, un]>romising seed, indeed. It was re-
moved. Soon another, and yet another, pre-
sented, and were also carefully culled out:
— they were cheat. After a time the hopper
was full and I began slowly to grind my wheat,
but all the while the impression — amounting
to a certaintj' — rested with me, that more or
less of cheat was still mingled with my beau-
tiful grains.
The next charge was carefully inspected
also, and I beg;in to perceive that a few larger,
darker colored grains were also present: good,
sound wheat, happily, but not of so pearly,
pure a white as the original package was in-
tended to be ; but thej' were good wheat, and
so, though their presence might darken the
final result of my grinding a little, I let them
pass.
But there was still a third kind of grain
met my now watchful eye — small — seemingly
white — but so thin that it required examina-
tion to detect what they were. Evidently
they had started in growth to become grains
of white wheat, like those they were mingled
with, but blasting had come u])on them — pro-
bably the fly had infested their early growth,
and they had become withered grains, husks
indeed, but no life sustaining starch within:
vitality had fled.
As I sat and patiently turned the handle of
my little mill, I fell to musing on the contents
of that hopper. How like the professing
christian church seemed the cup-full before
me. Carefully culled perhaps the community
may be, by anxious watchers — caring lor souls
as they that shall give account; many false
ones, cheats, removed from their midst, yet,
despite their care, still containing some that
escape their vigilance, and mar, by their in-
congruity and wrong doing, the perfect bar-
134
THE FRIEND.
mony of the church. Causes of mourning and
blusliiiig to the honest-hearted members who
must bear the reproacli brought on the truth
by these unfaithful ones.
The dark wheat may well resemble some
whom we tind in every religious coinmunity,
who are honest seekers after salvation : whose
hearts cling to the hopes of the gospel : whom
their fellow-beliovers recognize as one with
them, and whom they yet find weak in the
faith : needing a watch ful care, a leading by the
hand, lest they go astra.y. Eeady to halt, yet
always keeping their faces zion-ward, they
need and gratefully accept, the proffered sym-
pathy, aid, and encouragement of more favor-
ed members of the church. It may be in the
language of Nicholas Wain, " main'ied in both
their feet, they can sit at the King's table, and
eat of the King's meat, but they cannot do the
King's commandments," — j-et these, despite
many baitings by the wa}-, under the kind
and fostering care of truly spiritual brethren,
in the end attain the desire of their souls;
through much tribulation, entering those man-
sions where the wicked cease from troubling
and the wearj^ are at rest.
But the withered grains! my reflections on
them were sad. Some persons start ou the
Christian journey fair and promising: thought
by their friends, doubtless thinking of them-
selves, that a life of religious usefulness is be-
fore them. Looked upon by elder brethren
as those who will be ready to come forward
and take their places in the church militant,
as honest standard-bearers for the cause of
Truth. And yet the watchful eye of these
gifted fathers look in vain for that bringing
fruit to perfection which is the mark of chris-
tian growth. The form of godliness is there,
but the life is gone. Having a name to live,
they are dead. Some of these know their de-
generate state, and for shame sake will not
own it. If we look over a grain field as the
wheat ripens for harvest we will find the fruit-
ful heads, bowed by the weight of their valued
seed, bending over with a seeming humility,
while those stems in which are found the with-
ered seed stand upright with unbending forms.
So, too often, it is with these blighted ones.
Proudly holding their heads above their fel-
lows, yet useless cumberers of the church.
These, if we could read their secret history,
have some sin — some departure of soul — that,
like the worm in the wheat, has silently preyed
on the vitality of their religion, till, little by
little, life has become extinct; leaving indeed
the form, the husk, but nothing else.
Dear reader — let us strive so to live, that
when the sheaves of corn, full}' ripe, are
gathered by the Lord of the Harvest, we m.ay
indeed be found, white wheat, ready for the
heavenly garner. W.
The Element of Success. — The success of
almost every enterprise depends upon the de-
gree to which those engaged in it tax their
powers of mind. Manj' things deemed impos-
sible by the rest of the world have been effect-
ed by those who brought the full force of their
minds to bear upon what they set themselves
to accomplish. Whatever may be said of the
difference in talent of individuals, if we in-
(juire into the cause of their success, we shall
find genius outstrip))ed by moderate talent
when the latter brings its full powers of mind
to the work. Whether in the school-room or
in overy-day business of life ; in the humble
walks of bodily toil, or the professional avoca- '
tions; in invention or execution, in theory
or practice, the question on which success de-
pends is not who has the strongest power of
mind but who brings that power into use.
Physical and Intellectual Life.
The following article from a recent work
entitled " Intellectual Life," by Philip Gilbert
Hamerton, contains much that is valuable as
well as interesting to a large class of our
readers.
The incoinpatibility between our physical
and intellectual lives is often very marked, if
you look at small spaces of time only; but if
you consider broader spaces, such as a lifetime,
then the incompatibility is not so marked, and
gives place to a manifest conciliation. The
brain is clearer in vigorous health than it can
be in the gloom and misery of sickness ; and
though health may last for a while without
renewal from exercise, so that if you are
working under pressure for a month, the time
given to exercise is so much deducted from
the result, it is not so for the life's perform-
ance. Health sustained for many years is so
useful to the realization of all considerable
intellectual undertakings that the sacrifice to
the bodily well being is the best of all possible
investments. Franklin's theory about con-
centrating his excercise for the economy of
time was founded upon a mistake. Violent
exertion for minutes is not equivalent to mo-
derate exercise for hours.
The desire to concentrate good of various
kinds into the smallest possible space is one
of the commonest of human wishes, but it is
not encouraged by the broader economy of
nature. In the exercise of the mind every
teacher is well aware that time is an essential
factor. It is necessary to live with a study
for hundreds and thousands of hours before
the mind can assimilate so much of the sub-
ject as it may need ; and so it is necessary to
live in exercise during a thousand hours of
every year to make sure of the physical ben-
efits. Even the fresh air itself requires time
to renovate our blood. The fresh air cannot
be concentrated ; and to breathe prodigious
quantities of it which are needed for perfect
energy we must be out in it frequently and
long.
The inhabitantsof large cities have recourse
to gymnastics as a substitute for the sports of
the country. These exercises have one ad-
vantage— they can be directed scientifically,
so as to strengthen the limbs that need de-
velopment ; but no cit}' gymnasium can offer
the invigorating breeze of the mountain. We
require not only exercise but exposure — daily
exposure to the health-giving inclemencies of
the weather. The postman who brings m}'
letters walks 8,000 miles a year, and enjoys
the most perfect regularity of health. There
are operatives in factories who go through
quite as much bodilj' exertion, but they have
not his fine condition. He is as merry as a
lark, and announces himself every morning
as a bearer of joyful tidings. What a postman
does from necessity an old gentleman did as
regularlj-, though more moderately, for the
preservation of his health and faculties. He
went out every daj'; and as he never consult-
ed the weather, so he never had to consult
the physician.
Nothing in the habits of Wordsworth — that
model of excellent habits — can be bettor as an
example to men of letters than his love of
pedestrian excursions. Wherever he happen-
ed to be he explored the whole neighborhoci
on foot, looking into every nook and crann
of it — and not merely in the immediate neig,
borhood, but extended tracts of country; ai!
in this way he met with much of his best m'
terial. Scott was both a pedestrian and i
equestrian traveller, having often, as he te';
us, walked thirty mileS or ridden a hundre,
in those rich and beautiful districts whif,
afterwards proved to him such a mine ;
literary wealth. Goethe, to a wild delight i
all sorts of phj-sical exercise — swimming i
the Ilm by moonlight, skating with the mer-
little Weimar court on the Sehwansee, ridii-
about the country on horseback, and becoi-
ing at times quite outrageous in the rich e-
uborance of his energy.
Alexander Von Humboldt was delicate i
his youth, but the longing for great ent(
prises made him dread the hindrances of pfc-
sical insufiicicncy, so he accustomed his boi-
to exercise and fatigue, and prepared himsf
for those wonderful explorations which opc-
ed his great career. Here are intellecttl
lives which were forwarded in their spect
aims by habitual exercise; and, in earlier a;,
have we not also the example of the greatit
intellect of a great epoch, the astonishing Li •
nardo da Vinci, who took such a delight i
horsemanship that although, as Vasari te'3
us. poverty visited him often, he could ne^ir
sell his horses or dismiss his grooms.
For "The Friend
The following extracts are taken frorci
volume entitled "Adventures and Discovers
of Dr. David Livingstone and the Heni
Stanley Expedition." Published bj'Hubbtl
& Bro., Philadelphia and Boston, by subscr -
tion, and sold at AVest Chester, Pa., hy an '-
telligent and modest colored man by thenae
of Parker Denny, a graduate of Lincoln U|-
versity. On the whole it is an inlerestig
volume of travels, and shows some interesti^
traits in the character of D. Livingstone.
On page 9, D. L. says: ''Time and trail
have not effaced the feelings of respect I 1-
bibed for the humble inhabitants of my nate
village. For morality, honesty and inteji-
gence, they were, in general, good specimis
of the Scottish poor. I n a population of mie
than 2000 souls, we had, of course, a variiy
of character. In addition to the common in
of men, there were some characters of eterl.g
worth and abilit}', who exerted a most hs'-
ficial influence on the children and youtb'f
the place, by imparting gratuitous religio
instruction. The name of one woi'thy nn
was David Hogg, who addressed me on s
death-bed with these words : " Now, lad, m; e
religion the everyday business of your life, id
not a thing of fits and starts; for if j^ou 0
not, temptation and other things vrill get e
better of j'ou."
On page 3fi, he says : " The Bcchuana Ch f,
of the Lake region, who had sent men 0
Sechele, now sent orders to all the people n
the river to assist us, and we were recei'd
by the Bakoba, whose language clearly shcs-
that they bear affinity to the tribes in ,6
north. They call themselves Bazeiye, i.e. m:.;
but the Bechuanas call them Bakoba, whh
contains somewhat the idea of slaves. Tly
have never been known to fight, and, indti,
have a tradition that their forefathers in tlir
first essays at war, made their bows of ;ie
Palraa Christi ; and when thc};^ broke, tly
gave up fighting altogether. They havfti'
THE FRIEND.
135
jiriablj submitted to the rule of every tribe
Ihich has overrun the countries adjacent to
ie rivers, on which they especially iovo to
!ve!l. They arc thus the lihiakers of the
')dy politic of Africa."
;The renewed attention of Friends is called to tLe foi-
l/ring works for sale at
FRIENDS' BOOK STORE.
wel's History of the People called Quakers.
iinial of tlie Life and Travels of George Fox.
Barclay's Apology for tlie True Christian Divinity
. urnal of John Ricliardson.
i Do. Richard Jordan.
I Do. Henry Hull.
I Do. Thomas Chalkley.
Do. William Savery.
'Do. John Chtircliman.
Do. Thomas Eilwood.
IV.. Elizabeth Collins.
; (loss No Crown, by WilliamPenn.
-e. Progress and Key, do. do.
Utersof John Barclay.
Do. on Religious Subjects, by .John Kendall.
Do. of Elizabeth, Lucy and .Fudith Ussher.
.iConi|iendium of Religious Faith and Practice, by
Murray.
; tracts from the Papers of Edwin Price.
.e and Gospel Labors of John Woolman.
'o. do. do. Ricliard Davies.
0. do. do. Abel Thomas,
io. do. do. Samuel and Mary Neale.
t'e and Religious Services of William Evans.
iConcise Account of Friends, by Thomas Evans.
l.amples of Youthful Piety, do. do. ^
hty Promoted. By William and Thomas Evans.
Jans' Exposition of tlie Faith of Friends.
PAMPHLETS.
!iie Christian Baptism and Communion,
ocient Testimony of the Society of Friends,
bmorials of Deceased Friends.
Fasons for the Necessity of Silent Waiting.
(tters to Susanna Sharple.ss.
The following are published by the " Tract Asso-
ciation OF Feiends :"
[jgrajihical Sketches and Anecdotes of Friends,
iund Tracts, in 2 volumes,
jief .\ccount of Sarah Grubb.
iiry Dudley and Daughter.^.
Mother's Legacy to her Daughters.
•ne Account of Ann Reeve.
'vine Protection through Extraordinary Dangers,
imoir of Rachel C. Bartram.
The following Books are sold by .Jacob Smedley, in-
) dependently of those published by the " Book
I Committee."
ictionary of the Holy Bible, (illustrated.)
|e Wheat Sheaf.
eanings from Pious Authors.
'storical Memoirs of Friends. By Wm. Hodgson.
I formers and Martyrs, before and after Luther. By
U'm. Hodgson.
.impses by Sea and Land. By M. L. Evans.
wer of Religion. By L. Murray.
eanings at Seventy-five. By S. Lukens.
i;ial Hours with Friends. By M. S. Wood.
iHistory and General Catalogue of Westtown Board-
t,ng School, 2d edition. By W. W. Dewees.
lections of Religious Poetry.
■mend's Essays on Morality.
iin Path to Christian Perfection.
Guide to True Peace.
od for Young Appetites.
Plea for the Dumb Creation.
le Book of Birds.
;e Book of .\nimals.
Ladder to Learning.
e Arm Chair.
rents' Gift.
iginal Poems. By Taylor.
e Cliild's Treasury.
ief Account of William Bush.
St illness and Death of .Jane Wheeler.
esa, and Worldly Compliance.
I the Mountain. By M. E. Atkinson.
cture Pages for Little Children.
THE FRIEND.
TWELFTH MONTH 13, 1873.
Dissipation, sorrow, and loss, are the com-
nions of Eeuben, however large degrees of
ight and excellency may at times appear. —
Fothergill.
■• 1 saw there was no nniedy; either I must
be buried by that tier^- baptism of (Jhiist with
him into death, or else there could bo no ris-
ing with him into newness of life ; there iniqkt
be a rhiiKj into newiuss of profession, notion
and words, but that would not do ; it was new-
ness of life I must come to; the other I had
tried over and over. 1 saw that 1 must die
with Him, or bo planted with Him in the like-
ness of death — that is die unto sin — if ever I
came to be planted with Him in the likeness
of his resurrection, and so live unto God."
This is the testimony of one of the earlj-
Friends, who, under a sense of the need to
have the work of salvation wrought out, had
tried the form of religion professed by many
different religious societies, bad himself made
a full acknowledgment, of what Christ had
done for him, without him, and was well versed
in the knowledge of the sacred truths recorded
in the New Testament; but had found that all
these failed to prevent his being conformed to
the spirit and precepts of the world, and to
transform him by the renewing of his mind.
But, he says, that when ho was made will-
ing to give heed to the reproottj of instruction
communicated in the silence of all ttcsb, under
the clear inshining of the Light of Christ in
his soul, there was opened to him "a true dis-
covery of the tree of knowledge in the ni\'s-
tery, upon which 1 saw that 1 had been feed-
ing with all the carnal professors of religion
and how we had made a profession ofthat
which we had no possession of; but our souls
were in the death ; feeding on the tall; oi that
which the saints of old did enjoy."
This is in acconianeo with the doctrine
of Christ and his apostles, and it remains to
be unchangeably true. " I am the light of
the world ; he that followeth mo shall not
walk in darkness, but shall have the light of
Life." "He that doeth truth cometh to the
light that his deeds may be made manifest
that they are wrought in God." Faith in this
" true Light," and obedience thereto, are essen-
tial to being brought out of the natural state
of ignorance and darkness, and receiving that
knowledge of God and of Jesus Christ whom
He hath sent, which is life eternal. The know-
ledge of the Father or of the Son obtained bj^
reading, through teaching, or in any other
way than by this inshining of the Holy Spirit,
is powerless for the salvation of the soul. " He
came unto his own and his own received him
not^ but as many as received him, to them
gave He power [the privilege, as one transla-
tion has it] to become the sons of God." These
must be born " Not of blood, nor of the will of
the flesh, nor of the irill of man, but of God."
Saving faith in Christ, both as to what He
has done for man's salvation when personally
on earth, and as He is manifested within, the
hope of glory; must be of "the operation of
God," as He " worketh in us to will and to do
of his own good pleasure ;" and it is this kind
of faith alone, whii-h ever has been and ever
will be the saint's victory. 'The carnal inind
is enmity against God ; and is not subject to
the law of God ; neither indeed can be." It
may, indeed, say much about the free salva-
tion purchased by Christ, and that man is re-
conciled by his death, and justified by his re-
surrection; but it is the carnal mind still, and
with all its high sounding profession, is enmitj'
with God, and not subject to his law written
on the heart. It is this " carnal mind" that
must be crucified, buried, as is said in the
above quotation, by that fiery bajHism of
Christ with hitn unio death, if ever we know
what it is to be raised with and by Him into
newness of life. All other ]irofessions of con-
version are but ''a rising into 7iewness of pro-
fession, notion and words.
It is this doctrine of becoming children of
the resurrection, heirs of (iod and joint heirs
with Christ, through obedience to the (irace
of God manifested in the soul, that Friends,
from their beginning have, as living witnesses,
borne testimonj- to. George Fox says, ho
rejoiced when lie was sent" forth to preach
the gospel and kingdom of Christ, that ho
was commanded to turn people to this Light
Spirit or Grace, by which all men might know
their salvation, and their way to God. He
was to turn them from their own ways, to
Christ the new and living way. B3- "obedi-
ence to this Light of Christ, and onl}- by
obedience to it, we can know what it is to be
reconciled to God through the death of his
Son ; to experience repentance and forgiveness
of sins, through the merits of that most ac-
ceptable sacritice which He made on Calvary,
and arrive at that sanciitication and perfec-
tion spoken of by the apostle, where he says :
" l<^or by the one olfering He hath ]ieriected
forever them that are sanctified." For how-
ever much knowledge of the coming, life, suf-
ferings and death of the Saviour, we ma^' store
up in the head, b}' study and research, it will
avail nothing towards making us partakers of
the salvatoiy benefits purchased by them,
unless the Holj' Siiirit whom lie promised to
send, shall take of the things of Christ, show
them unto us, and apply them to our condi-
tion. Let no man separate what God hath
joined together. "If we walk in the Light,
as God is in the Light, we have fellowship
one with another, and the blood of Jesus
Christ, his Son, cleanseth us from all sin."
Speaking of their growth in grace, the same
Frietul of whom we have spoken says: "Thus
things opened woudorfuU}- in us, and we saw
not onl}' common sins, which most confess to
be so. but still live in them — but also the
hypocrisy and sinfulness of the professors of
religion, even in their religion, when per-
formed out of the true Spirit, Grace and
Life, which, in the mj-steiy, is the salt that
every gospel sacrifice is to be seasoned withal,
according to the example in the figure." * *
"Being cleansed and made meet, we came to
have great delight in waiting upon the Word
in our hearts, for the milk tliereof, which
Peter speaks of. In so waiting, we received
the virtue thereof, and grew thereb}-, and
were thus fed with the heavenly food that
rightly nourished our souls; and so we came
to receive more and more of the Spirit, Grace
or Life from Christ our Saviour, in whom all
fulness dwells. Thus we came to know the
true Teacher, which the saints of old did
witness ; and therei'ore never wanted a teacher,
nor true Divine instruction, though wo had
left the hireling priests and the high-flown
notionists, and .sal down together in silence;
for this was our desire, to have all flesh silenc-
ed before the Lord and his power, both in
our hearts and from without."
Would that the members of our religious
Society were more generally acquainted with
this inward transforming work, this waiting
136
THE FRIEND.
upon the minister of the Sanctuary, in his
appearance to the soul ; then would there be
known more fruit-bearing branches among us,
more true believers in Christ, and less flippant
talk about being engaged in his work and
service; less equivocal assumption of extraor-
dinary manifestations of his presence and
power.
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
Foreign. — The crew of the Loch Earn, which ran
down and sunk tlie Yille du Havre, were landed at
Plymouth, Eng., about two weeks after the collision.
The captain of the Loch Earn says, after first sighting
the steamer, and seeing that she was coming danger-
ously near, he rang the ship's bell and ported his helm
to starboard, but tlie steamer came right across the Loch
Earn's bows. The captain and crew of the Loch Earn
were brought into port by the British Queen, which
took them oil' the ship on the "^Oth ult , at which time
she was in a sinking condition. The captain of the
Loch Earn considers that a great loss of life resulted
from the fact that his vessel drifted such a long distance
from the steamer after the collision, before it was po.ssi-
ble to shorten sail, and from the tardiness of the steamer
in showing signals. Among the passengers on the Ville
du Havre were a number of the delegates to the late
meeting of the Evangelical Alliance, who were return-
ing to their homes. The lost steamer was, it is said,
one of the best finished vessels ever built on thedyde,
and also the largest, with the exception of the Great
Eastern. Her tonnage was .5500, length 430 feet, beam
48 feet, and dejJth of hold 40 feet.
Spanisii affairs seem to be nearly unchanged. The
siege and bombardment of Cartagena continue. The
insurgents are still as defiant as ever, and made .a sortie
from the city on the 5th inst. Military operations in
the north of Spain are temporarily suspended. Don
Carlos has taken up his winter quarters at Durango, a
town in the province of Biscay, thirteen miles south-
east of Bilboa. His brother, Don Alfonso, has gone to
Paris.
In order to comply with the conditions of the agree-
ment made with the United States, the Madrid govern-
ment telegr.iphed to the Capt. General of Cuba, direct-
ing the Virginius to be delivered up. This measure
caused great e.xcitement and indignation in Havana,
and General .Jouvellar, the Captain General, refused to
obey the order, alleging that the immediate delivery
of the Virginius would cause a frightful convulsion
throughout the island, and be attended with disastrous
consequences. If insisted upon he must resign his posi-
tion, and demand that another person be sent in his
place who can carry out the orders of the government.
The effervescence however subsided in a few days. A
Havana dispatch of the 6th says: The feeling in this
city continues to improve, and opposition to the delivery
of the Virginius is decreasing. Prominent Republi-
cans and many Conservatives are in favor of the de-
livery of the steamer, and advise a cessation of the op-
position thereto. A Havana dispatch of the 8th says :
Captain General Jouvellar authorizes the statement
that the island is tranquil. He has no doubt that all
will be arranged peaceably.
The arguments for the prosecution in the Bazaine
trial have been brought to a close. The degradation of
the accused is demanded, and afterward his execution.
On the (ith the clo.sing argument in defence of Bazaine
commenced.
Bartholdi, now first secretary of the Legation at St.
Petersburg, has been appointed French Minister at
Washington, to succeed the Manjuis de iSToailles, who
will be transferred to Rome.
A motion to censure the government for continuing
the state of siege in Paris, was voted down in the As-
sembly, 407 to 273.
Archbishoji Leiischowskl replies to the demand of
the Crerman government for his resignation, refusing to
comply. He declares that he is responsible only to the
Pope.
A Vienna dispatch says it has been decided not to
demolish the exhibition building, but to keep it for
public use, like the Crystal Palace of London.
Australian advices sliow a satisfactory condition of
business in those colonies. The building trades caujiot
find hands enough to complete contracts. All occupa-
tions are active, good workmen are never out of work,
and a sufficient number of domestic servants are not to
be obtained at any wages.
The London Hour says it has trustworthy informa-
tion that by a privately expres.sed wish of Pius IX, the
cardinals have been in consultation, and have selected
Cardinal Pecci, Archbishop of Perugia, for the next
Pope. He was born in 1810, and became Cardinal in
1853.
The German authorities have closed the Augustine
College and the Theological Seminary of the Roman
Catholic diocese of Munster, for failing to comply with
the ecclesiastical law enacted recently.
Reinforcements have been sent from England to the
troops under Sir Garnet Wolsely, in Africa.
An imperial ukase has been issued in St. Petersburg,
requiring that six men out of every one thousand in-
habitants of Russia, including the Polish provinces,
shall be drafted into the army.
Advices from the city of Mexico say that the United
States Minister had waited on the President, and form-
ally presented the congratulations of the United States
on the adoption by the Mexican Congress of the amend-
ments to the constitution. The minister declared these
amendments would contribute materially to secure and
increase the general prosperity without weakening the
great interests of religion.
United States. — The interments in Philadelphia
last week numbered 251, and in New York 525.
The mean temperature of the Eleventh month, in
Philadelphia, by the Pennsylvania Hospital record,
was 39.34 deg. The highest during the month was 60
deg., and the lowest 23 deg. The amount of rain for the
month 4.99 inches. The rain fall of 1873 has already
amounted to 56.47 inches.
The President's message, sent to Congress at the open-
ing of the session, refers at .some length to the relations
with Spain. The outrage on the Virginius induced him
to authorize the Secretary of the Navy to put the navy
on a war footing, trusting to Congress and public senti-
ment to justify and sustain him. He believes that
slavery is the sole cause of all the outrages and troubles
in Cuba. The Spanish government has liberated the
slaves in Porto Rico, and also several thou.sand per-
.sons in Cuba, who were illegally held in bondage; but
the reactionary slaveholders in Havana have thus far
been able to defeat all measures for the abolition of
slavery in the island. The President suggests an amend-
ment to the Constitution to authorize the Executive to
approve of so much of any measure passing Congress
as his judgment may dictate, without approving the
whole, the disapproved portions to be referred back
under the same rules as now; and also that there shall
be no legislation by Congress during the last twenty-
four hours of its session except upon vetoes, and that
when an extra session is called, legislation shall be con-
fined to the special subject submitted in writing by the
Executive. The policy towards the Indians which com-
menced early in his administration, will be adhered to,
and continued with only such modifications as time and
experience may show to be necessary.
■rhe receipts of the government from all sources for
the fiscal year ending 6th mo. 30th last, were S333, 738,-
204, and expenditures on all accounts r290,345,245,
thus showing a surplus of §13,329,959. But it is not
expected that the next exhibit will show such a favor-
able condition of the finances. Tlie financial panic has
caused a serious interruption of business and the reve-
nues have fallen oft' heavily. The Secretary of the
Treasury anticipates a considerable deficiency of income.
He recommends an increase of taxation and retrench-
ment in appropriations and expenditures.
The President has nominated Attorney General G.
H. Williams, of Oregon, to be Chief Justice of the
Supreme Court, and B. H. Bristow, of Kentucky, to be
Attorney General.
A table accompanying the annual report of the Comp-
troller of the Currency shows that the national bank
currency is distributed thus: New England, S11U,4S9,-
966; middle States, $124,608,130; southern and south-
western States, §38,160,308; western States, §78,785,148:
Pacific States and Territories, S1,924,6S8.
Many bills and resolutions have been laid before
Congress, including several in relation to the currency.
.Imong others one by Senator Morrill, of Vermont, in-
structing the Committee on Finance to report a bill for
free banking and resumption of specie payments on
First mo. 1st, 1876.
The Senate has confirmed a long list of Presidential
nominations for various offices.
The House of Representatives, by a vote of 141 to 29,
has passed a bill removing all disabilities imposed and
remaining on any person by reason of the sixteenth
article of the amendment to the Constitution.
The Markets, &c. — The following were the quotations
on the 8th inst. New York. — American gold, 109i.
U. S. .sixes, 1,881, 114; ditto, 1865, 113J^; 10-40 five
per cents, 109i. Superfine flour, $5 a $6.10; State
extra, $6.50 a *6.95 ; finer brands, $7.25 a $10.25. No.
2 Chicago .spring wheat, $1 .50 a $1.52 ; No. 3 do., $1.47 ;
No. 1 Milwaukie, $1.60 ; white Michigan and Cai
dian, $1.85. State barley, $1.65. Oats, 54 a 57 r
State rye, SI. 03. Western mixed corn, 76.V cts. ; yellr
78 a 79 cts. Philadelphia. — Uplands and New Orlea
cotton, 16i a 17J cts. Cuba sugar, 7| cts. Staiida
white petroleum, 13 a 13J cts. Superfine flour, $4. 5(
$5; extras, $5.75 a $6.25; finer brands, :t6.50 a $10.:
White wheat, $1.75 a $1.80 ; amber, $1.65 a $1.68; n:
$1.55 a $1.60. Yellow corn, 75 a 78 cts. Oats, 4:;
58 cts. Sales of about 2000 beef cattle at 7 a 7 ^ cts. i.
lb. gross for extra, 5J a 6i cts. for fair to good, and J
5 ct,s. for common. About 10,000 sheep sold at 4i a
cts. per lb. gross, and 7,000 hogs at $7 per 100 lbs. n
Chicago. — No. 1 spring wheat, $1.14; No. 2do., $1.12
No. 3 do., $1.04 a $1.05. No. 2 mixed corn, 51} c
Oats, 38| cts. No. 2 fall barley, $1.48. Lard, Sj c
St. Louis. — No. 2 winter red wheat, $1.53 a $1.57 ; S
2 spring, $1.10. No. 2 mixed corn, 50 ct-s. ; old, 55 c
Oats, .37 .i a 3S cts. Rye, 78 cts. Cincinnati. — Fami
flour, $6'.85 a $7.60. Wheat, $1.45. Corn, 50 cts. ; n(
ear, 47 a 48 cts. Rye, 90 a 91 cts. Oats, 41 a 45 c
Baltimore. — Choice white wheat, $1.82 a $1.85 ; fair
prime, $1.60 a $1.75 ; choice amber, $1.80 a $1.85 ; go
to prime red, $1.70 a $1.75 ; Ohio and Indiana, $1.6i
$1.65 ; Penna. $1.50 a $1.56.
The Committee of The Yearly ^Meeting to visit t
Subordinate Meetings, will meet on the 20th inst.
the Committee-room, Arch St., at 10 o'clock A. M.
t j>o. iDio oouin sireec, exclusively um .
1 of and mainly supported by Friends, n J
for the delivery of .soup on the 15th inst. .1
1 that owing to the large number of per.-t 1
THE WESTERN SOUP HOUSE,
Situated at No. 1615 South street, exclusively um
the control i " "
be opened fo:
is expected that owing to the large number ot per,-
out of employment, a greatly increased demand wil
made this year upon the Society, in view of which
Friends having the management, earnestly solicit
tributions to aid in carrying out the charitable wlx
which may be sent to either
Samuel Settle, No. 161 North Tenth Si
D.wiD Scull, Jr., Treasurer, 125 Market ^
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
As the stations of Superintendent and Matron of t
Institution are expected to be vacated at the close of I
Winter Session, in the 4th month ne.Yt, Friends tt
may feel drawn to undertake the duties attached
them, are requested to communicate thereon with eiti
of the following named members of the Committee."
Nathaniel N. Stokes, Clnnaminson Post-oil
Burlington Co., N. J.
Charles Evans, No. 702 Race St., Philadelph
Deborah Rhoads, Haddonfield, N. J.
Rebecca S. Allen, No. 335 S. Fifth St., Phila
FOR RENT
To a Friend, the small dwelling on the meeting-hO
property. West Philadelphia. An oversight of
property will be accepted as part of the rent.
Apply to
John C. Allen, Forrest Building, 119 So
Fourth street.
Henry Haines, 512 Walnut street.
FRIENDS' BOARDING SCHOOL FOR INDL,
CHILDREN, TUNESASSA, NEW YORK.
A teacher of the school will be wanted at the 0(
mencement of the Spring term.
Application may be made to
Ebenezer Worth, Marshal Iton, Chester Co., '.
Joseph Scattergood, 413 .Spruce St., Philada.
Aaron Sharpless, Street Road P. O., Che
Co., Pa.
Thomas Wistar, Fox Chase P. O., Philada.
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE.
Near Frankford, ( Twenty-third Ward, ) PhUadelph
Physician and Superintendent — Joshua H. WoB'
ington, M. D.
Applications for the Admission of Patients maj
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the BoEun
Managers.
Died, at Tottenham Green, near London, Engla
Second mo. 24th, 1873, Mary Forstee, in her 8
year. On the 5th of Third mo., Rachel Forsi
(widow of Josiah Forster,) in her 90th year. Also,
the 11th of Tenth mo., Robert Fokster. .ngedl"'
years, and on the 14th, his sister, Anne Fokster, ad i
76 years, all valuable members of Tottenham Meeti;, ■
and inferred in Friends' burial-ground atWinchmei
Hill ; the two last on tlie 18th of Tentk mo. J
11
THE
END.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL,
VOL. ZLVII.
SEVENTH-DAY, TWELFTH MONTH 20, 1873.
NO. 18.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
ice Two Dollars per annum, if paid in advance. Two
dollars and fifty cents, if not paid in advance.
Sabscriptiona aod Paymenta recelTed by
JOHN S. STOKES,
IT NO. 116 NORTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS,
FHIIiADELFHIA.
'Stage, when paid quarterly in advance, live cents.
For *'The Friend."
The Approaching Transit of Venus.
(Continued from page 130.)
In the work of actual observation of the
issage of the planet across the sun's face an
together new power will be brought into
ay, of which nothing was known in the days
" Captain Cook and of the staunch old ship
jpropriately and modestly- named the " En-
3avor," the immediate effect of which will
3 to obviate the recurrence of the difficulties
id confusion that came in the train of the
)8ervations of 1769. In his veiy able and
est admirable address to the Mathematical
id Physical Section of the British Associa-
Dn for the Advancement of Science, at the
cent meeting at Brighton, Dr. Warren de
a Eue, the President of the section, dwelt
iainly upon the interest and importance of
e position that photography has now taken
the observatory of the astronomer. Pho-
graphy, in its relation to astronomy, no
nger satisfies itself with being merely the
)rtrait-painter of the telescopic features of
e celestial bodies; it now claims to be the
08t exact and refined instrument for mea-
ring the apparent relative positions of the
anetary wanderers, and indeed also of the
lereal hosts of the sky, and in this sense the
iw claimant is to be admitted to pl.ay a part
the transit ob.servations of 1874. But pho-
graphy, it will also be observed, has the still
rger recommendation that it is a permanent
cord, as well as a refined method of instru-
ental observation. If impressions of the
tual appearance of the solar face are secured
ion photographic plates at rapidh' succeed-
g instants, as the dark planet moves across
e sun, and this be done from several widely-
fered stations on the earth, the successive
lases of the transit will be caught, as it were,
grnnte delicto, and stereotj-ped where they
a be seen for all future time, as well as at
e moment of occurrence, and so be a^ain
d again referred to by fresh bands of ob-
rvers as long as continued scrutiny may
3in to bo required for the improvement of
ductions or for the elimination of error.
T an adequate apprehension of this parti-
™!ar value of the process it is only necessary
. 1 consider the power it would have given
-icke and Stone iu their re-examination of
the observations of the transit of 17C9, if they
had had photographic registers, instead of
pen-and-ink records, of those observations to
deal with.
Lewis Rutherford, of New York, has fur
nishcd a remarkable series of proofs of the
great capabilities of photography in the mat-
ter of refinement of astronomical delineation.
He has produced photographic maps of the
moon's face twenty-one inches across. He has
photographically engraved a beam of sun-
light, when scattered by the deploying power
of the spectroscope-prism into a baud eighty-
four inches long, so that more dark Frauen-
hofer absorplion-lines can be discerned in the
picture than had hitherto been seen by the
direct observation of the ej^e. Ho has made
photographic images of groups of fi.xed stars
in which every constituent star of the group
is so rendered on the plate as to admit of the
most refined micrometrical admeasurement,
both of relative distances and positions. An-
other successful worker in the same field,
Professor Young, has secured photographic
portraits of the red prominences, or hydrogen
flames, of the sun in the full blaze of ordinaiy
dajiight. It is, therefore, clear that great
results may be looked for at the hands ot this
new auxiliary of the observatory.
It is obvious, and beyond dispute, that there
are some grave drawbacks to the employment
of photography as an instrument of exact
astronomical observation ; but it is not un-
worthy of note that at the present time these
verj' drawbacks have become matters of espe-
cial interest to men of science on account of
the very ingenious steps that are being taken
to neutralize their powers of mischief. Thus,
it is well known that the ordinarj- photo-
graphic image formed by lenses of glass has
certain inherent aberrations and imperfec-
tions that, for any purpose of exact measure-
ment, require to bo either removed or ascer-
tained and allowed for. The lenses of the
optician bend and blur the light-beams that
they employ in painting the picture. The
collodion film, which receives the impression
of the picture, dilates and contracts unequallj-
and capriciously after it has been stamped
with the image. But measures are in progress
to meet and entirely neutralize these causes
of inaccuracy when photographic art is em
ployed in turning the next transit of Venus
to account, which are remarkable instances of
the exhaustive forethought and care which
are now required in the proceedings of exact
science. The distingujshed optician, Dall-
meyer, is at the present time engaged iu the
construction of nine instruments to be used in
photographing the appearances and progress
of the transit, which are to be so scrupulously
and exactly alike, that comparisons of pictures
made by them at different stations maj- have
the highest attainable value, and in which, at
the same time, all optical sources of inaccu-
racy shall have been reduced to the utmost
extent that the present state of constructive
skill allows. Five of these photo-heliographs,
as the instruments are called, arc for the
British Government, one is lor the Indian
Government, two are for the Piussian Govern-
ment, and one is fur the veteran aetronomical
photographer, Dr. "Warren De La Rue. The
experiments and trials with these fine instru-
ments are already so far advanced that the
instruments are as nearlj' perfect for the pre-
cise purpose for which they are to bo used, so
far as their optical performance is concerned,
as may be. Their visual and chemical foci
are practically identical, so that the image
that is seen clearly bj' the eye will be as
clearly engraved by the light upon the sensi-
tive film ; and Dr. De La Rue finds that when
a reticule of crossing lines — a kind of square
meshed net of very regular finish — suspended,
for the ])urposoof testing the instruments, on
the Pagoda in Kew Gardens, is photographed
by one of them, the imago of the reticule cor-
responds exactly with another image of a
transparent lined glass reticule introduced
into the principal focus of the ol)ject-glass of
the instrument, magnified seven diameters,
and photographed at the same time with the
distant scale. For the full extent on the plate
which is occupied by the image of the sun,
both these square meshed scales appear ruled
with almost mathematical precision ; they are
both free from the distortions familiarly known
as the "pincushion" and the " barrel-like" dis-
tortion. There is simply a slight tendency to
thicken the lines of the image derived from
the transparent glass reticule as they get
away from the centre of the field, which is
obviously due to slight curvature of the field
of' sharpest definition; and this residual optical
imperfection, trifiing as it is, Dallmcyer is
now still further diminishing, by altering the
curves and lengthening the focus of the en-
larging lens, and he states that he has not the
slightest doubt that in the end all error due
to optical distortion will have been absolutely
removed. There will still remain the imper-
fections of unequal contraction in the collo-
dion film after the image has been photo-
graphed ; but even these errors will be made
of no practical import by the admirable de-
vice of the lined reticule; because if the image
of this reticule is photographed on the plate
at the same time as the image of the sun, any
imperfection of image produced by unequal
contraction of the film will bo revealed by a
corresponding irregularity in the lines and
squares of the reticule. If these lines and
squares are mathematically exact and true,
as they should be, it will be known that the
picture of the sun is also, in the same sense,
true; and if, on the other hand, those lines
and squares are in any place distorted from
their true regularity and measure, there will
be identically the same distortion in the image
of the sun ; and this being then known, will
be taken into account and allowed for at its
exact value, whatever that may be.
Dallmeyer's beautiful instruments are to
138
THE FRIEND.
sun m order that soft winds may breathe,
gentle rains fail, verdant plants grow, and
endless generations of animals succeed each
other and run through the appointed round
of sentient being, on the islet worlds that
have been scattered through space, each at
the appropriate span of remoteness that tits
it to the end secured.
(To be continned.)
furnish an image of the sun's disc at the time miles across, and flame-tongues one hundred
of the passage of the planet in 1874, which thousand miles high, whirl and leap in the
will be nearly four inches, or in exact figures
3931.6 thousandths of an inch, in diameter;
and the image of Venus will have a diameter
of 126.66 thousandthsof aninch. The greatest
possible parallactic displacement of the planet
on the sun's face for the widest base of obser-
vation that can bo secured on the earth will
amount to 95.7 thousandths, or nearly one-
tenth, of an inch. This therefore will be the
quantity that will be available in the photo-
graphic picture for micrometric examination
and scrutin}^ The time secured will bo sub-
stantially the true instant of the particular
phase photjigraphed, as photographic pictures
of the sun with instruments of this class are
commonly made in the hundredth part of a
second on account of the great intensity of
the sun's actinic power. It is anticipated that
the chord of thesun's circular face alongvvbich
the planet will be seen to jiass from any given
station on the earth will be easily determined
to within a tenth part of a second of angular
measurement, and that an error of a tenth
part of a second in this would involve an in-
accuracy not exceeding eighteen one-thous-
andths of a second after reduction to the ex-
pression for the sun's horizontal parallax.
This therefore is the promise which the ac-
ceptance of the alliance of photography in the
transit observations of 1874 holds out. Many
of the highest authorities — foremost among
them Dr. Warren De La Rue in England and
Professor Bond in the United States — hold
that the measurement of the photographic
images of the transit will in all probability
give a result of threefold higher value than
any direct eye and hand observation that
could be secured.
If the recent corrections of the sun's dis
tance are ultimately established by the transit
observations of 1874, this will really indicate
that the sun itself is a spheroid 850,000 miles
across, and that in mere matter of bulk it is
80 vast that a million and a quarter of earths
would barely suttice to make up its volume.
A much more satisfactory and philosophic
conception of " the Home Rule" of the uni-
verse ia secured, if a start is made in idea from
this grand central stand-point, rather than, in
accordance with the more usual practice, from
the earth. The source of activity and power
is an orb nearly one million of miles across,
and the pigmy earth which is dependent upon
that source for light, warmth, life, and all
change and movement of whatever kind, is
suspended in space one hundred and eii'-ht
diameters of that central orb away, and is of
one million and a quarter times smaller dimen-
sion than the sphere from which it receives
these endowments. There is certainly more
for the human intellect to seize when the fact
is stated in this way than there is when the
sun is spoken of as a sphere uinet3'-two mil-
lions of miles from the earth, and as large
again as the moon's orbit. It is a suggestive
and noteworthy feature in the economy of
Nature that in the one instance which comes
within the personal experience of man, the
groat central fountain and source of impulse,
energy, and power is six hundred times larger
than the entire cluster of subordinate worlds
that are lit, warmed, and organized from that
source. Such in tho marvellous scheme is the
ratio of power to result, of active determining
cause to passive accomplishment — six hun-
dredfold to one! Fire-eddies thousands of
For "The Friend."
Memoirs and Letters of Sarah flillman.
(CoDtinued from page 1"27.)
"1819, 9th mo. 12th. This day our dear
and valued friend, H. Fisher, departed this
life. Her loss will be deeply felt, not only in
her own family, but in the Church of Christ.
She was a dignified minister, adorning the
doctrines of the gospel with that simplicity
which becomes the folloioers of a meek and lowly
Saviour ; and her example loudly calls to us
to follow her as she followed Christ. My
spirit mourns the removal of such from our
Zion. Yet inasmuch as Israel may be sup-
plied by the great Lord of the harvest with
standard and testimony bearers, qualified to
stand for the honor of his cause, may we be
preserved from an unavailing anxiety. Let
us rather centre into quiet resignation of
spirit, seeing He doeth all things well. As we
thus yield to the turnings of his Divine hand,
no doubt many will be qualified by the great
Potter for his service ; and we shall realize a
succession. Instead of the father will arise
the son, and instead of the mother shall come
up the daughter, who shall support the pre-
cious testimonies for which some of our pre-
decessors sufiered unto death. Oh I crave to
be a companion of those thus concerned, that
haj)ly my day's work may be completed ere
my glass be run. It is the righteous that
shall hold on his way, and men of clean hands
that shall wax strony-er and stronjrer.
13lh. In recounting the many mercies of
an Almighty Father, a desire is raised that
my steps be so ordered of Him as not to bring
a shade upon that religion I profess; but that,
through the future stoppings of life by exam-
ple and precept, I may show more and more
my fidelity and allegiance to Him who is the
King eternal. Oh he has blessed me many
limes with his life-giving presence, and fed
me with the dainties of his house ! But how
oft have I turned aside from his instructions;
how oft have I through fear evaded the cross,
which is the onlj- way to the crown. May it
be my concern to walk in humility and fear
before him; and, in holy resignation, to say
Amen to all his dispensations; knowing that
he atflicteth not willingly, but in order that
I become thoroughly refined; and with the
Psalmist to acknowledge ' Before I was atflict-
od I went astray, but now have I kept th}'
word.' And, ' I will praise thee with upright-
ness of heart, when I shall have learnedthy
righteous judgments.' Thus we have abun-
dant causo to bless Hini for all his dispensa-
tions, but most for the severe. For Him in-
indeed,
' !Not more in the sweet
Than the bitter I meet —
My tender and merciful Lord.'
How beautiful upon the mountains
o the feet of those appear who bring unto us
:lad tidings. Sweetly has my spirit united
this morning in the exercise of a brother, who
was engaged to set forth the necessity of pre-
14th.
senting our bodies as living sacrifices befor
the Lord; and to press upon all the neeessit-'
of a death unto sin, and the new birth unt"
righteousness. Also that as in the wisdom c
the great Minister of ministers, a number c.
these delegated servants have recently bee
removed. He would be pleased to qualify an?
send forth more laborers into the various part
of his vineyard, seeing the harvest is great
Oh that I may not bo found wanting in ded
cation ; that my path may be made plain b(
fore me ; and that my feet may indeed be pre
served from running unsent, and also strengtl
ened to go forward, when a clear manifests
tion is discovered. Ah I fear lest my garment
have gathered defilement, or else why am
so long in so feeble a state ? As a child I car
not go. May He, whose ways remain to b
higher than our ways, again pluck my fee
out of the mire and clay ; thoroughly cleans
and purify me, until every remaining dreg c
corruption is washed away, and preparatio
witnessed to receive the inscription of Hoi
ness. All the vessels in the Lord's house wer
to be of beaten gold.
1817, 10th mo. 3rd. Accompanied my dea
friend to Green Street Meeting; in whic
the canopy of Ancient goodness was mere
fully spread over us, and a living testimon
borne, by my precious sister, tending to an
mate us to hold on our way. She was earnestl
solicitous that we might diligently improv
the talents committed to us, lest an awful da
of reckoning might overtake, in which thj
which was laid up in a napkin would be take
from us, and some turned away with tb
sentence, ' Cast ye the unprofitable servai
into outer darkness.' May none so unwisel
cover or hide the precious gifts of a mercifi
Father, as to receive the portion of the slotl
ful servant.
5th. Once more favored with the ove
shadowing goodness of the Shepherd of Israe
and with tho living streams of Gospel minii
try flowing as from the heavenlj^ fountaii
through instruments qualified by tho Ministt
of ministers, to hand each their portion of mea :
May we render unto our Almighty Father tl
tribute of thanksgiving and praise now ar
forever. May our hearts, trom season to se
son, be raised to Him for ability to stay oi
minds upon him, breathing unto him Hall
lujah, Hallelujah ! for it is in, and by him ■«
live and move, —
' He is my God, and I will praise him.
lly father's God, I will exalt him.'
12th mo. 14th. Attended our week-da
meeting in much poverty and emptiness. Bi
was favored to participate with mj' belovt
brethren and sisters in the promise, ' Wher
two or three ore gathered together in m
name, there am I in the midst of them.' Whi :
shall I render unto thee, O Lord, for all tb
benefits to a poor unworthy creature? Trul
they have been multiplied far beyond my d
sorts, by Thee who art pleased to realize th;
self a friend to those who put their trust an
confidence in thino Almighty arm. Oh gran
I pray thee, dearest Father, if consistent wit
thy blessed will, an evidence thereof concer
ing me. Thou knowest I desire above a
things to serve thee, and that all other lovi
without thee cannot sanctify my soul ! Wi
thou then be pleased to unveil thy glorioi
presence to the eye of one of the least, yes tl
least of thy family ; and enable her to mal
straight steps to her feet in tho path cast c
by thee for thy ransomed children to walk i |
THE FRIEND.
139
jFor the way of the good man is ordered by
hee, and thou upholdest his path.' Thou
j ilt not suffer his foot to be moved. For tiiou
jrt the lot of his inheritance, and his portion
iirever — a precious portion. Levi .'<hail have
\o part nor lot with his brethren. The Lord
ijs God is his portion.
' This is of all most to be desired. Oh that
lis may be mine. Then indeed I might unite
'ith the sweet singer of Israel, 'the lines are
Mien unto me in pleasant places. Yea, 1 have
goodly heritage.'
' 12th mo. 26th. Almost another year has
jlied in fleeting moments from us. Poor
ifobationers. And what improvement. Oh
iiy soul, art thou conscious of? Hast thou
■sen constantly pointing to thy proper cen-
•e, — the interests of a life to come — or hast
lou, unconscious of thy fleeting state, list-
issly passed along pursuing the bawbles of
me, while the business of thy soul's salva-
on has been neglected? Ah no! I trust this
as not been entirely the case. Although
rith blushing and confusion of face, I ma}'
^knowledge myself far short of having at-
lined the dignified state to which the fol-
iwers of Christ are called, — even perfection,
or He hath said, 'Be ye perfect, for I, the
lOrd your God, am perfect.' Nevertheless I
illow after, if haply I may attain thereunto;
ssuredly believing that the God of all grace
'ho hath thus called, will, after we have suf-
lired a while according to his eternal glory,
lake all who thus follow on to know him,
erfect, stablish, strengthen, settle them. To
[im be glory now, henceforth, and forever
or he hath abundantly satisfied my sou
nany times with his goodness, and his mercy
idureth forever.
1820, 1st mo. 10th. My soul, thy love is
I ipremely to the King of kings. AH other
■vers thou disdainest for the love of God.
:'.e is the chiefest of ten thousands ; yea, the
'together lovely. But oh ! how slow art thou
) confess to this before thy brethren, al-
•lough He hath long called thee to give proof;
ea, in the midst of the congregation, to de-
tare thyself on his side. How dost thou
.onrn his absence, and ci-y Lord, Lord ! But
lou must also do those things which he re-
aires of thee, or thou wilt not become his
iiosen. It is to such as keep his command-
ent he has promised a place, and a name in
;is house, better than of sons and of daugh-
■rs."
CTo be continued.}
tnr Migratory Birds— When and Where They Go.
'■ The following instructive communication is
■iblished in the iV. 1'. Evening Post :
I The time for the departure of the birds is
; hand. Throughout the whole belt of the
igidand north temperate zones the feathered
habitants are moving, or making ready to
vade the clime of perpetual warmth, and no
irveyor-general, with his compass to direct
id science to guide, could more accurately
dculate his distances, to arrive at a given
oint, than do these aerial travellers.
Already the swallows arc gone. ^Yeeks ago
saw them scurry aloft in squads, hurrying
therand thither, getting ready to join them-
'Ives into grand armies for movement. Like
)or Charles Lamb at his business, "they come
te and they are the earliest to go." They
I) not reach Massachussets, unless the season
I unusually mild, until the middle of May,
riving in pairs, but they leave in the begin-
ning of September, after having united them-
selves into flocks. These flocks at times as-
sume very large magnitudes, as the different
flxmiiies of Hirondos join forces, often obscui-
ing the sky for some time while they ar(
passing over. Thej- follow the coast in their
flight, and when bewildered by the seaboard
fogs, as they often are, they arrest their course
until the sky clears, when they rise in a spiral
form from the reeds and marshy lands, where
they have lain in harbor, and, extending their
ranks, resume their way towards the tropics.
The flight of the swallow surpasses in fleet-
iiess that of every other winged creature ex-
cept the humming bird. The American swift,
or swallow, has been caught in the spring
near New York with a crop full of undigested
rice, which proves it to have flown from the
rice fields of Carolina in twelve hours — more
then one hundred miles an hour.
But with the migration of the swallows we
missed the songsters. The different tribes of
the warblers retire before the frosty airs and
keen winds rulHe their plumage and make
hoarse their sweet voices. The shy blue bird,
the meadow lark, with his melancholy tone,
and the wood thrush, whose notes is as fresh
to the ear as the odor of the damp woods is to
the nostril, are all gone. The bobolink, whose
rapturous singing made the meadows melodi-
ous in early summer, first lost his inspiration,
then became a bon vivant, and then hied him-
self off, with his wife and children, to regale
upon the sebacious seeds in the plains of New
Jersey and Delaware, whence, if the sharp
sportsmen overlook him, he will proceed to
the remote rice fields along the coast of the
Gulf of Mexico.
On the other side of the globe the nightin-
gale, which is the chief of the warblers — the
famous singer of the world — now hastens to
the myrtle groves of the Adriatic Sea or the
rose bowers of Persia, or the date trees of
" Araby the blest," where ages ago its thrill-
ing song
" Pierced the sad heart of Ruth,
Who stood in tears amid the alien corn."
This bird, -which breeds as far north as
Sweden and Eussia, ornithologists tell us, is
never heard in Wales, Scotland, nor the west-
ern shires of England. The male precedes
the female a week or two, to the north, in the
spring, and having selected his haunt in some
bosky thicket, he lures his mate to hini, when
she arrives, by his song. It is said that a
nightingale caught after it has paired seldom
survives.
The Baltimore oriole, or hang-nest, resplen-
dent in the beauty of his scarlet and gold
dress, migrates and returns in the spring b}-
the single bird, and flies onl}' by day. He re-
treats to Mexico and goes as far north as Nova
Scotia. The oriole is rare and sagacious, and
the female exhibits method and a very nice
distinction of distance in building her nest.
jThis I saw illustrated, two or three years
since, by a bird which chose the locality
I whereon to hang her nest, in an elm not
' twenty feet from my chamber window. She
constructed the nest upon the extremity of a
I pendant limb, which was too flexile to bear a
I ladder, or even the weight of a child, and too
high to be reached by portable steps, and
which held her treasure secure, poised on its
outmost tip, far from the reach of danger.
I The nest — made like a long netted purse —
Was woven, in and out, out and in, of hor.se-
hair and dried marsh-grass, as deftly and cun-
ningly as a maiden's fingers could have done
it, and the entrance into it placed on the side
opposite from the window, so that the eggs
within could not be seen. During the process
of nest making, which required a week, the
male watcheti from an adjacent tree, and
cheered on his wife in her work, with his
songs, but he did not offer to help her. The
oriole possesses a song which ho accents with
almost human pathos, but his call note is sharp
and harsh.
" I'll pay my rent in music, said a wren."
The robins are not j'ct all gone, but the
remnant of them are making; i^reat haste to
join the hegira. During the past few weeks
thej' have been in the oat and wheat stubble,
eating themselves into prodigious good order,
to be in readiness for their journey. Thorough
gleaners arc the redbreasts — not a mustard
seed do they leave to warm the throat of the
snowbird in winter, or to bury itself under
the approaching snows, if they can find it.
They eat up our cherries, currants and straw-
berries; they plunder the garden of the late
grapes, they ravage the flower-stalk of its
seed, and spoil the brilliant mountain ash of
its scarlet berries, the clematis of its purple
fruitage, and the sumach of its crimson spikes;
and after they reach the Carolinas, they be-
tra}- the same inordinate appetite, by cram-
ming their crops with the aromatic juniper ber-
ries to such an extent that, whether through
the overfeeding or whether through the in-
toxicating fumes of the fruit, they are unable
to sustain themselves upon their perch, and
tumble off into the hands of watchful little
darkies, who know their gluttonous habits.
The robin returns to us early in April ; often,
in mild seasons, by the last of March they
are here, in the very face of the late snow-
storms. Already paired, thej' attend strictly
to business. Their first nest is constructed
before the leaves are out, and they will warble
you such a song while they are building it —
such a clarion outburst of hope and faith, and
certainty in the summer's success — that they
storm your heart, in spite of yourself, into a
corresponding belief. They sing with like
ecstasy until the autumn, but less frequently,
and with a little falling off, perhaps, in ex-
pression.
The American robin is domestic in his na-
ture, but he never becomes familiar like his
English namesake. Let him choose his home
ever so near your house, he wants nothing of
you but his rent, and for that hi) pays in
music. A robin has built during five succes-
sive years in a niche not far from our door.
We have not marked her, but wo judge her
to be the same bird. This nest is made
early, and soon as the brood is out of it she
begins nimbly on a second ; the third follows
in process of time. During two of these years
she has built the second and third nests in the
near neighborhood of the first, on two elms
growing one on each side of the house, some-
times clearing out the old habitation and re-
lining it for present occupation. But she is
cunning and sharp as she is bold and inde-
pendent ; it is the cherry-trees which bring us
the honor of her company, and she guides her
fledglings on to the loaded branches with an
impunity which defies red rags and the other
insignia of the scarecrow. She rears, on an
average, nine young birds during one season,
and it is in these small family companies that
140
THE FRIEND.
the robins forage, in the full, before their de-
parture. Bat he leaves his soni;; when be goes
south ; when there he onl}' chirps in a broken,
croaky sort of way to his fellows, as though
lamenting his exile. A resident of South
Carolina told me that he discovered there in
summer, in a live oak grove, a robin with a
broken wing. The disabled bird had found
it impossible to accompany his companions
away, and it haunted this grove, where pro-
bably it had passed the winter, all the sum-
mer, chirping dismally to itself, but never
raising a song note.
CTo be concluded.^
Selected.
PEAYER FOE THE FAMILY OF A FEIEND.
Blessings, oh Father shower,
Eich blessings in this household from on high.
May no dark cloud o'ercast their sunny sky
Nor tempest lower ;
But the sweet dove of peace, a cherished guest
In their home's hallowed ark take up her rest.
Oh ! bless them in the lies —
The holy, tender ties of husband — wife — •
Which thou hast finng around them; guard from strife
Earth's choicest prize ;
Domestic love unsullied In' a fear
That aught but death can change the fond heart here.
Saviour! Thou who didst take,
Young children in thy arms — oh ! look on these
Who lisp sweet accents at their parents' knees
And ne'er forsake ;
But through life's wilderness direct their feet
To the blest fold where all thy lambs shall meet.
And oh ! bless thou their store,
Eeward their labors with a bounteous hand.
And may their hearts incline to thy command —
Think on the poor ;
May the blest charity their bosoms warm.
Which shields a brother from afHiction's storm.
Not for the gifts alone
Which are of earth and pass with time away
For those I love with deep desire I pray ;
But from thy throne
Bow down thine ear Most Holy ! and bestow
The blessings which from thee alone can flow.
May peace and heavenly joy
That passeth luiman understanding, fill
Their inmost souls, and grateful praises still
Their tongues employ ;
And aspirations of pure love arise.
In clouds of spirit-incense to the skies.
Yet one more boon I crave,
For those oh Father ! whom my soul holds dear ;
When thy last solemn messenger draws near,
And Jordan's wave
Lies just before them — be tlieir stay and guide.
Through death's dark vale— thou Blessed and Cruci-
fied !
I leave them in thy hand.
Most Merciful ! Now and forever more
Thy will be done ! And when on heaven's bright shore
With joy we stand,
Our ransomed souls shall swell the sacred song
"Glory and honor to the Lamb belong."
Sleeping in a Cold Room.
Hall's Journal of Ihaltli says that cold bed-
chambers alwaj-s imperil health and invite
fatal diseases. Robust persons may safely
sleep in a temperature of forty or under, but
the old, the infant and the frail, should never
sleep in aroom where the atmosphere is much
under fifty degrees Fahrenheit.
All know the danger of going direct into
the cold from a veiy warm room. Very few
rooms, churches, theatres and the like, are
ever warmer than seventy degrees. If it is
freezing out of doors it is thirty degrees — the
difference being forty degrees more. Persons
will be chilled by such a change in ten min-
utes, although they may be actively walking.
But to lie still in bed, nothing to promote
the circulation, and breathe for hours an at-
mosphere of forty and even fiftj' degrees,
when the lungs are ahvaj's at ninety-eight, is
too great a change. Many persons wake up
in the morning with inflammation of the lungs
who went to bed well, and are surprised that
this should be the case. The cause may often
be found in sleeping in a room the window of
which had been foolishly hoisted for ventila-
tion. The water cure journals of the country
have done an incalculable injury bj'the blind
and indiscriminate advice of hoisting the win-
dow at night.
The rule should be, everywhere during the
part of the year when fires are kept burning,
to avoid hoisting outside windows. It is
safer and better to leave the chamber door
open, as also the fireplace — then there is a
draft up the chimney, while the room is not
so likely to become cold. If there is some fire
in the room all night the window may be
opened an inch. It is safer to sleep in a bad
air all night with the temperature over fifty,
than in a pure air with a temperature under
forty. The bad air may sicken you but can-
not kill you; the cold air can and does kill
verjr often.
[In the above advice there is a similar want
of discrimination as is rightly censured in the
" water-cure journals." It is often as safe and
healthful to admit fresh air into sleeping
apartments when fires are kept burning, as
in warm weather. Those who are neither
children nor old, suffer more frequently from
breathing impure air in unventilated sleeping
rooms, than from the fresh air introduced
which is 40° or a little below. It must be an
extraordinary case where inflammation of the
lungs, is produced by " sleeping in a room, the
windows of which have been foolishly hoisted
for ventilation," unless the foolishness has
been in having a draft of cold air blowing
immediately on the sleeper. — Editors.]
< >
ril rest when I get Home. — While walking
through a street in the city of , a few
days ago, I passed a man whose head was
whitened and body bowed by the hardships
of not less than sixty years. His limbs trem-
bled under their heavy burden, and with much
apparent effort he advanced but slowly. I
heard him talking in a low and subdued voice,
evidently mourning over his weakness and
poverty. Suddenly his tone changed and his
step quickened, as he exclaimed "I'll rest
when I get home."
Even the thought of rest filled him with
new life, so that he pursued with more energy
his weary way. To mo it was a lesson. If
the thought of the refreshing rest of home
encourages the care-worn laborer, so that, al-
most unmindful of fatigue and burdens, he
quickens his steps homeward, surely the
christian journej-ing heavenward, in view of
such a rest, should press onward with renewed
vigor.
This little incident often comes to mind
amid the perplexing labors of the day, and
stimulates mo to more constant and earnest
effort. Each laborer toiling in his Master's
vinej^ard, bearing the heat and burden of the
day, can say, " rest when I get home." Here
let us be diligent in the service of our Lord,
remembering that our rest is above. Fellow-
traveller, are thy burdens grievous to be borne,
so that thou art ready to faint in the way ?
Jesus says, "Come unto me, all 3-e that laboi
and are heavy-laden, and I will give 3'ou rest.';
To rest from toil is sweet ; to rest from sin \v
heaven. — American Messenger.
Arboriculture at Yienna.
The important subject of arboriculture
upon which we have undertaken from time t(
time to inform the public, has recently beer
under consideration bj' a body of learned met
at Vienna. The meeting was held under thr
title of the International Congress of Lane
and Forest Culturists, and those in attend
ance, either by special appointment or volun
tarily, represented the leading government
of the world. These representatives combinet
in an eminent degree scientific and practica
knowledge, and their action on the preserva
tion and increase of the forests of the worh
is likely to be of the greatest importance.
The conclusions arrived at are given in t
series of resolutions, of which the first twi
sets relate to agriculture and arboriculturi
combined. The most important suggestioi
in them is that international conventions shal
be held for the consideration of these topics
and that, so far as possible, government
ought to be induced to obtain trustworthy
statistics of the actual condition of the lani
and forests within their own geographica
limits, in order to made the discussions prac
tical and of immediate use.
The third set of resolutions relate excln
sively to arboriculture. The most importan
of these resolutions are as follows :
■'The International Congress of Land an
Forest Culturists resolve :
"1. We recognise the fact that, in order ti
effectually check the continually increasin
devastation of the forest which is being cai
ried on, international agreements are needec
especially in relation to the preservation ani
proper cultivation (for the end in view) c
those forests Ij'ing at the sources and alon
the courses of the great rivers, since it i
known that, through their irrational destrut i
tion, the results are great decrease of th ,
volume of water, causing detriment to trad
and commerce, the filling up of the river's be |
with sand, caving in of the banks and inui '
dations of agricultural lands along its coursi
''2. We further recognise it to bo the mutii;
duty of all civilized lands to preserve and t
cultivate all such forests as are of vital in 1
portance for the well-being — agricultural an ■
otherwise — of the land, such as those on sand I
coasts, on the sides and crowns as well as 0 1
the steep declivities of mountains, the set |
coasts and other exposed places ; and that ii |
ternational principles should be laid down, t
which the owners of such protecting or 'gua
dian forests' bo subject, thus to preserve tb
land from damage.
"3. We recognise, further, that we hav '
not at present a suflicient knowledge of th j
evils (disturbances in nature) which are cause
by the devastation of the forests, and then
fore that the efforts of legislators should t
directed to causing exact data to be gathere
relating thereto."
In a fourth resolution the Austrian Ministt 1
of Agriculture, who presided over the mee (
ing and in other ways aided in the deliber;
tions, was requested to bring the results ( j
the conference to the attention of other gc
ernments, a duty which he promised, in 1
brief but earnest speech, to fulfil.
Whatever may be thought of these resoh
THE FRIEND.
141
ions, they aro certain to command attention,
j.^hey distinctly enunciate the old doctrine
jhat the state has a right of guardianship in
!;8 forests — a principle recently advocated in
ibis country bj- Dr. Franklin B. Hough, who
pecially attempted to show in what way the
itate can exerci.se this right without infring-
3g upon the rights of the individual. So far
8 this question is concerned, however, each
lOvernment will be left to settle it with its
iwn citizens.
For "Tlie Frieod"
John neald.
fCoDtinned from page 131.)
From the same to the same.
"Cohimbiana Co., Ohio, 8th mo. 5th, 1814.
"Esteemed Friend, — I received thine yester-
ay of the 22d of 5th mo. last. I had a few
ays before written to thee, chiefly to inform
hee of my prospect of an extensive eastern
)urney, and that I expected to call and see
bee, &c.
"But having received thy letter, so accept-
ble to mo to obtain from thee, I think best
3 add a few lines in reply to it. In the first
lause of thy letter, thou mentions what often
appens, or sometimes takes place, i. e., utter
trangers meeting and soon united in love to
ach other, a mj-stery the mere worldling
nows not of. We were so, and have had
ttle acquaintance. I have viewed and re-
iewed it over, in every part, I believe, that
.ecollection furnishes me with ; and I freelj-
cknowledge that when thou proposed writ-
ig in the first instance to each other, I did
otfeel much inclination to it ; but I have not,
believe, held a correspondence with any one
) a greater extent, nor to more satisfaction,
;.ian with thj-self ; and as I do believe that
lUr acquaintance originated in the Truth, I
0 not think it very difficult to account for it
eing pleasant.
1 " In the next place thy sentiments respect-
,ig a salutary hedge of discipline set about
s, are so consistent with mine, that I ap-
prove of them ; but as we are liable to miss
ur way, how isind is it in those that love us,
) be honest with us. Although, on such oc-
isions, such may be very nearly tried, and
iiay be apprehensive of gaining ill-will, but
aving been faithful, let them leave the event,
3 is sometimes recommended to some who
ave to labor in a public line, and deeply
ried. But honest labor has for its reward
recious peace, and, sometimes, the desire of
le soul satisfied by seeing the return of such
hom they have labored with. May thy
-bors and the desire of thy soul be crowned
ith such success in the case alluded to, and
e restored and his sun go down with bi-ight-
ess!"
We now resume the extracts from our
iend's journal.
"In the 5th mo., 1817, 1 informed ourMonth-
' Meeting of a prospect I had of attending
lOst or all of the Particular Meetings within
ar Quarterly Meeting of Salem, and of hav-
ig public notice given to others, that they
ight attend if they would ; and also, that I
It an increasing concern to have a meeting
• meetings out north, in the Connecticut Re-
Tve in particular. In the course of the sum
er and fall I attended, as way opened, to the
)ncern, and had several good meetings, but
.'ter being at most of the meetings among
riends, I thought sometimes the other would
ear off, without a necessity to attend to that
part of the concern. But though I felt very
weak for such a task, still the exercise revolv-
ed in my mind at times, and at length I found
it safest, as I believed, to fix on a lime to go,
and to send word to two families of Friends,
who lived remote from meeting — sixteen miles
ofi-.
Several Friends bearing me compaii}', we
had a meeting there the 10th of the lOih mo.,
where several of their neighbors came, and I
understood they were well satisfied with the
testimony I was favored to bear among them.
Next morning we went towards Warren, the
place I had felt the first draught to, and when
within about three miles of it, we came to
Isaac Heaton's, a j ustice of the peace. Under-
standing what wo were ffoinsr to the town for,
he proposed that'We stay at his house for the
night, and send word by a man who was there
then, and who lived in the town. I said it
was necessary that we should first know
whether we could have a place to hold a meet-
ing in, and then we could fix on a time to hold
it. He said there was no doubt at all but we
could get the court-house to hold our meet-
ing in, and the man from town would spread
the notice there that night, and there would
be no occasion for us to go. So we concluded
to stay. When we wore a little time settled,
Isaac said to us, if you have no objection to
preach here to-night, I will send out and no-
tify the neighbors, and let them come in and
have a meeting. I said, we will first consider
of it, and after a short consultation I said, if
thou thinkest that thou and thy neighbors
are willing to come together and sit an hour
and a half or more in silence, and then if there
is no preaching, endeavor to be satisfied with-
out it, thou mayst notify them as soon as thou
pleasest. So he sent the notice, and in a short
time there came in and sat down thirty or
forty persons. After some time of silence I
felt an engagement to declare to them that
which I believed to be my duty to do, and it
became a solemn time, much to my satisfaction,
and the people were loving. Most of them
came, before they went away, to shake hands
and bid us farewell, which they did in a
friendly manner.
In the morning we parted with this kind
family. They had fed us and our horses, and
would receive nothing for pay.
We then proceeded to Warren, where the
spreading of notice had been attended to, and
a considerable meeting collected, in which I
bore testimony for some time to the Truth,
and way of salvation. The people though
mostly strangers to our Societj', behaved be-
comingly in the silent part of the meeting.
After dinner, we went on towards a town
called Canfield, which is on the way home,
and where 1 felt engaged in mind to have a
meeting. We proposed having a meeting
next day at 10 or 11 o'clock, but the person
to whom we communicated the prospect,
made so many objections to the time, that I
concluded to go on in the morning. But
after going to bed and viewing the matter in
my own mind, I felt easiest to stay to the
time our landlord proposed, which was candle-
light the next evening. The meeting was a
solid time. I was favored in this as well as
in the other meeting beyond mj' expectation.
I revived the sufferings of the martyrs, show-
ing how constant they were, and how firm
they stood to support the good cause, even to
death, and how glad they would have been to
enjoy such privileges as we enjoy. The meet-
ing concluded with supplication, and I rejoiced
under a sense of Divine favor, that it is suffi-
cient to strengthen the weak."
In the eonciu.sioii of his account of this ser-
vice, after s|)eaking of some otiier meetings
which ho atteiuieil, Joiin Ileald makes the
following remarks ; " I ma}- acknowledge that
I have been helped through these meetings
to my comfort, and look back to the conflict,
with satislaclion. I suppose few, if any, can
conceive how trying it has always been to mo
to have meetings appointed for me, especially
among those who are unacquainted with tho
manner of holding our meetings. Ho, whom
I have endeavored to servo in the gospel of
His Son, knows how I have gone forth in obe-
dience to what I have no doubt lie required
of me; and to Ills praise be it spoken. Ho ha8
in tho needful time been a ready helper as
well as sufficient, and has made the burthen
lighter than I expected."
The next religious service of much magni-
tude into which our friend entered, was an
extensive visit through Pennsjdvania, New
Jersey, the Eastern Stales, New York, Can-
ada, occupying more than a year in its accom-
plishment. But a few months elapsed after
the completion of tho visit in his ovvn neigh-
borhood, last described, before this industrious
servant again left his home, on this important
mission.
(To be continued.)
The Stassfurt Potash Mines. — These salts
were first discovered at Stassfurt, Prussia, in
connection with an extensive rock-salt de-
posit. In sinking a shaft to the depth of
10C6 feet, a peculiar laj"er of various saline
compounds, 158 feet in thickness, was pene-
trated, which directly overlaid the rock-salt.
This surface deposit seemed to consist of all
the more soluble compounds, but slightly al-
tered, of tho oceanic waters, from which the
entire deposit originated. As a source of salt
for ordinary domestic purposes, it was con-
sidered unfit, and, consequently, whatever
had to be removed to get at tho underl3'ing
rock-salt, was drawn aside, as worthless. The
celebrated analytical chemist, H. Rose, sub-
sequently called attention to this refuse mass
as a source of potassa compounds. The gov-
ernment soon acted upon his suggestion, and
caused, in 1860, sales at low rates, offering at
tho same time premiums to those parties who
should succeed in inventing some suitable
mode by which they might bo changed into
more valuable compounds for industrial pur-
poses. The present extensive chemical in-
dustry at Stassfurt, and in its vicinity, is the
outgrowth of that movement. The produc-
tion of potassa [there] amounted in 1867 to
24 million pountls, and the entire capacity of
the Stassfurt mines, as far as explored at that
time, promised to bo from 100 to 120 millions
of pounds per annum for 100 years to come.
Annual Report Mass. Ag. College.
Bats. — When passing through the channels
among tho large boulders in tho river's bed,
we often disturbed flights of small bats. The
effect was very strange, as they would flit like
arrows shot from an unseen hand, for a short
distance, to the shady side of some rock, into
which the flooding water had worn curious
cavities ; hero they seemed as quickly to
vanish as they appeared, for when thoy had
once fastened themselves to the crevices, their
color and shape so much resembled the un-
142
THE FRIEND.
equal surface of the cross-grained stone, that
it was almost impossible to distinguish them
even at a limited ra.ngQ.^Wickham's Journey.
From The "Britisli Friend."
Report from the Conference appointed under the
direction of the Yearly Meethig for the Con-
sideration of the subjects referred to in the
Proposition from Essex Quarterly Meeting,
and on the Religious Instruction of our Younger
Members.
To the Yearly Meeting: — This Conference
met on the 1 1th, and has continued its sittings,
by adjournments, to the 14th of the Eleventh
mouth, 1873. It has been very numerously
attended b}- Friends from various parts of the
country, and in the free interchange of senti-
ment that has taken place, the deliberations
have been marked by the prevalence of bro-
therly love, and we trust that they have been
largely owned by the presence of the Lord.
Among the subjects which have successively
obtained attention are the following, viz.; —
I. The decrease in the attendance of our
meetings for worship held on First-day after-
noons or evenings, and on other days of the
week.
II. The lessened interest apparent in many
places in the meetings for transacting the
affairs of the Church.
III. The relative decline in the number of
our members, or rather the vitality and growth
of the body, as affected by
1. The amount of religious teaching.
2. Pastoral care bestowed on our members,
including the constitution and functions
of the meetings of ministers and elders.
3. The religious instruction of the young.
4. The question of birthright membership.
5. The influence of our Society on the world
at large.
Of these important subjects the time of the
Conference did not admit of a full deliberation
on the question of birthright membership ; or
of any distinct consideration of the action of
our religious Society as a Church upon the
■world at large.
AYith regard to the first of the above sub-
jects, namely, the decrease in some localities
of the attendance of our meetings for worship
held on First-day afternoons or evenings, and
on the other days of the week, an earnest
desire has been expressed in the Conference
that our meetings for worship may fnlly ex-
emplify the reality of our faith in the Lord
Jesus Christ, and in His continued presence
with those that are trulj- gathered in His
name. In order to do this, it was felt vorj-
necessary that Friends should como to their
meetings in a worshipping spirit, and that
each, in faith and prayer, should seek to know
his or her right part therein, whether in utter-
ance or in silence.
A very general expression was given to a
desire that no alteration should be made in
the recognized mode of conducting the First-
day morning meetings. But at the same time
there appeared to be a strong feeling in the
minds of many Friends that, with regard to a
second meeting on a First-day, where a pret-
tj- unanimous feeling prevails amongst the
Friends of a meeting, the scriptures might
with advantage be regularly read, or the sub-
stitution might be made of a meeting expressly
appointed for reading the scriptures, or for
giving the opportunity of religious teaching;
and if in such latter ease, the ordinary meet-
ing for worship should be discontinued, it is
nevertheless desired that Friends should be
encouraged, who might not attend a second
meeting on First-day, to devote a portion of
the remainder of the day in promoting the re-
ligious instruction of their families or neigh-
bors ; but it is desired that those who do so
should take duly into account the claims of
their own meeting on their S3'mpathy and
help.
The Conference was enabled to deliberate
on these important subjects in a spirit of mu-
tual forbearance and tenderness, and whilst
the above appeared to be the prevailingjudg-
ment, it is only right to state that many who
have, nevertheless, the highest value for the
sacred volume, were not prepared to encour-
age the practice of the stated reading of the
scripture in our meetings for the public wor-
ship of God.
With regard to our meetings for transact-
ing the affairs of the Church, the following
suggestions obtained general concurrence,
most of them having been already adopted
with advantage in several large meetings,
viz.: —
I. That as far as practicable, matters of
formal and routine character, and those re-
lating to accounts, should be previously di-
gested either by the clerks or committees, so
as to occupy as little of the time of the meet-
ing as possible.
II. That, especially where certificates of
membership or their acknowledgment are nu
merous, a simple statement may be made of
the names of the Friends to whom they relate,
and of the meetings from which they come,
or to which they are addressed ; care being of
course taken to ensure the regularity and
correctness of the documents.
III. That, in pursuance of the recommend-
ation of the last Yearly Meeting, a greater
variety of subjects of general Christian inter-
est may rightly engage the attention of these
meetings.
IV. That much advantage may arise from
more general and frequent joint Conferences
of men and women Friends, both in Monthly
and Quarterly Meetings, in relation to such
subjects as may rightly engage the united
concern of all the members of the Church.
V. The promotion of the social character
connected with these meetings, which have
of late years in many places been largely in-
terfered with by the increased facilities for
travelling.
With regard to the important subjects of
the religious teaching and pastoral care be-
stowed on our members, and the religious in-
structions of our younger members, many
valuable observations were offered, encourag-
ing Friends, whether as heads of fiimilies or
otherwise, to faithfulness to their duty in these
respects. And various testimonies were borne
to the great value of religious visits in Chris- j
tian love to Friends in their families. After
very serious deliberation, it is thought right
to suggest : —
I. That, in addition to the duties resting
upon parents and heads of families, and the
more special services developing upon indi-
viduals, it is greatly to be desired that Friends,
in their Monthly and other meetings, should j
fully recognise the responsibility of the Church
itself in relation to these great duties, and from
time to time consider the state of their respec-
tive congregations as regards oversight and
pastoral cai-o, religious teaching, and the reli-
gious instruction of the young, and endeavor,
under the guidance of their Lord, to make
appointments and arrangements for these
purposes; — that, when so met, they may be
encouraged, as a collective body, to seek in
united prayer those gifts which are essential i
for these services. Under such a preparation '
it is believed that Monthly and Quarterly
Meetings, whether of men or women Friends,
would be enabled to exercise more elhcient
pastoral care through the more frequent ap-
pointment of Committees for visiting their
members in Christian love.
II. Under the like preparation it is believed
that the way would open for the holding of
meetings for mutual religious instruction, in
which those assembled, with single eye in
dependence upon Christ, might enjoy mutual '
edification and profit.
This Conference, seeing that the duties ol
the Ministers and Elders especially relate to
the oversight of the flock, recommends to the
Yearly Meeting such a change in the consti-
tution of Meetings of Ministers and Elders as •;
should increase their service by the introduce
tion of the Overseers, and at the discretion ol
Monthly Meetings, of other suitable Friends.
In offering these suggestions, the earnest
desire has been expressed that the attention
and expectations of Friends may be turned,
not to "decline," but to life, and growth, and'
fruitfulness, in the deepening persuasion that
this is the will of God in Christ Jesus, con-
cerning all that trust in Him.
Signed by direction, and on behalf of the
aforesaid Conference.
Wm. D. Sims, CTerA-.
A Salutary Hint for a Festive Season. — How
many are spending their time and money on
vanities and superfluities, while thousands
and tens of thousands want the necessaries of
life, who might be relieved by them, and their
distresses in poverty or in sickness, be in some,
degree softened by the administering of suit-,
able things. — John Woolman. ^ I
THE FRIEND.
TWELFTH MONTH 20, 1873.
In the columns of the present number, will
be found the Report of the Conference, held
last month in London, under the sanction of
the Yearly Meeting, given at its last session.
It is represented to have been fully as large
as the Yearly Meeting itself, there being about
four hundred members in attendance. It was
composed of representatives from the differ-
ent Quarterly and other subordinate meet-'
ings, with the members of the Meeting fori
Sufferings. Other Friends were allowed to'
be present.
We suppose that some of our readers will
be startled, on reading the changes agreed by
it to be recommended to the Yearly Meeting
for its adoption ; especially that in reference
to sanctioning so wide a departure from the
well known principle and practice of Friends,
relative to the worship of the Most High, and'
to meetings for worship.
But the only novelty in the step now taken,
is in proposing to make that general or uni-
versal which has, for some time, been prac-
tised in many meetings, and to obtain for itt
the direct authority of the Yearly Meeting. '
I
THE FRIEND.
143
It was assorted by many who favored this
hange, that reading portions of Scripture,
/as as much a part of divine worship as leach-
iig ; and, perhaps, the assertion is true, in
Isferenco to a great portion of what is heard
ii some meetings under the character of
i3aching; and should it be concluded to ar-
|inge ibr having the latter as well as the
!)rm6r, we do not see but that they will stand
|D the same footing.
I But, as Eobert Barclaj- truly says, " All
•ue and acceptable worship to God, is offered
I the inward and immediate moving and
.rawing of his own Spirit." * * * " All
jther worship, both praises, prayers or preach-
|ig, which man sets about in his own loill, and
|; his own appointment ; which he can both be-
In and end at his pleasure ; do or leave undone
\i himself seeth meet * * * are all but
•iperstition, will worship, and abominable
tolatory in the sight of God." The prear-
,nged reading of the Scriptures, is as much
;ill-worship and stated service or ritual, as
, reading the liturgy in the "established
(lurch." Much has been said, both in this
iiuntryand in England, to reconcile Friends to
iving the Scriptures read in their meetings,
it we cannot see how any one, understand-
g and holding the doctrine of Friends in
jation to the spii-iluality of Divine worship,
lid the necessity- for the direct influence of
16 Iloly Spirit lor every act of worship, can
|ve countenance to such an open violation of
■at fundamental doctrine, as to assemble with
rose who practise it. We would suppose
ley w'ould greatly prefer to sit down with
leir families at their own homes, and there
nit reverently upon the Father of Spirits,
I in submit to such a ceremony, such an im-
[dimeut to the most solemn act in which
t'sir souls can be engaged.
One of the speakers, who evidently saw the
I iniate effect of what was being done, ob-
■ vcd, •' ]f there was any bond of union in a
■Julian body, it was worship." True, but
I udun Yearly Meeting has long known, that
tp practice of reading the Scriptures in meet-
i';s for worship, has obtained in many of its
Jjordinate meetings, — and, from the printed
r lorts of its proceedings we infer, it has never
rsed the feeblest voice against this palpable
tlation of the principles of Friends; but has
».:orded meetings practising it, all the privi-
lies of full unity with the body. It has thus
fcl its own hands, so far as maintaining the
titimony to spiritual worship is concerned ;
».l, from the revelations made in the course
Dthe debate, the same is evident in relation
t, he maintenance of the testimony of Friends
liinst a man-made and hireling ministry.
t was the general testimony of the speak-
e , that a large portion of the members attend
t meetings of Friends only on the morning
0 .he First day of the week : in the afternoon
©evening, these attend at meetings for wor-
B.p of other religious Societies. The reason
a igned for this was, that these members wish-
B'to hear more teaching and bible reading.
Tsy went to the meetings of Friends in the
nrning, because they were members, but
tl t was as much as they could bear of silent
listings, or such meetings as Friends hold,
a;, they frequented the other places of wor-
b1), to obtain that which Friends' meetings
C( Id not supply. Besides this large class,
tire were some who absented themselves
fr n First-day afternoon or evening meetings,
b( iuse they thought they were better em-
ployed in bible classes or mission schools.
We should suppose from the tenor of the re-
marks, that a considerable percentage of those
who took ])art in the debate, belonged to the
one or the other of these classes; which in-
clude a few who appear to be in the station of
ministers. One observed, " It was his lot
more often to occupy the platform or pulpit
of another denomination, than to attend our
meetings, and at these places he always found
the bible ; there is liberty for it, and there
ought to be this liberty for its use with us."
Sometimes they wanted to repeat a whole
chapter, and they could not tax their memo-
ries with so much. Another, "He often did
the latter [go to other places of worship]
himself. He found there something that one
could appreciate, in the reading, the hymns
and the prayers. There were gathered people
who could not feed on silence alone." Another,
" In going among the services of other denom-
inations, ho had found that the preaching of
the gospel with them, was not merely char-
acterized by as much or more intellectual
power as with us, but also with as much real,
living power of the Holy Ghost." We give
these extracts, to exemplify the views of that
class of members, who habitually or fre-
quently, on the afternoon or evening of First
day, attend the places of worship of other
denominations. Now, all these members must
be constantly violating one of the most im-
portant christian testimonies held by Friends.
They must have long been proper objects for
disciplinary treatment, as approving and en-
couraging a man-made and paid ministry.
But not only are these, and such others as
hold similar sentiments, not brought under
the action of the discipline, but London Yearly
Meeting puts into their hands authority to
deliberate what changes shall be made in
the meetings for worship of Friends, in order
to bring them more into conformity with their
views ; hoping, thereby, to induce them to at-
tend more frequentlj'.
Were not the subject so sad and serious in
itself, it would call forth a smile, that so large
a body of professed F^riends, claiming to be
highly cultivated and intellectual, should put
before the world such an absurdity as that
the members of the same religious Society,
shall have two distinct systems of worship,
and practise whichever ma}^ be preferred by
a majority of each congregation : and yet this
is what the recommendation amounts to.
Some appeared to think, that if the First-
day morning meetings were spared from
change, they would escape sacrificing the
principles of F^rionds ; and the afternoon and
evening meetings, might be held to suit what-
ever views on the subject the larger part of
the members might entertain. But we think
the spirit of tho debates shows, that a large
portion of the abettors of the change, thought
there was no religious principle involved, that
was worthy to be put into competition with
what they term '• religious instruction," or
with affording opportunities for the exercise
of that which in these days is so much talked
of, the "gift of teaching." After carefully
reading over the debates — which were taken
down bj' a regularly employed reporter — we
confess we are surprised that the Convention
restrained itself so far as it did. They indi-
cate that a large number in the bodyajiprove
of comments being regularly made on the
portions of Scripture read in the meeting,
and of meetings appointing pastors, to bo
kept employed in instructing or teaching tho
members.
Tho •• logic of facts" is ap]>urentlj' proving
tho truth of a statement puLilished in a work
written by a member in London, live or six
years ago, entitled " George Fox, tho Fl-iends
and Baptists," viz., that '• The main body of
Friends," in England, have '-come round, with
little exception, to the very views for which
their Beacon brethren were obligeii to secede."
The book contains so much thai is erroneous,
that, with many, it destroj'od the value of tho
testimony. But, as we have said, facts seem
to substantiate its truth. Certainly the wide
step now taken, is a legitimate fruit of Beacon-
ite principles ; and as they become more and
more firmly fixed, and their advocates becomo
more confideut in their power, another and
another step will be — we may saj' must bo —
taken away from the Quakerism of tho early
Friends, in order to bring " modifieii Quaker-
ism" into harmony with tho " enlightenment
of the age."
Tho bitterness of feeling manifested by
several towards Elders, and tho decided ex-
pression of their being worse than useless, are
unexpected, and lead to the belief that many
of them stand in tho way of the exercise of
this very largely bestowed " gift of teaching."
The idea of a gift for eldership appears to be
entirely ignored.
Will tho Yearly Meeting adopt the recom-
mendations? Was it not virtually sitting in
judgment in the Conference? Time will make
manifest.
SUMMAEY OF EVENTS.
Foreign. — The protracted trial of Marshal Bnzaine,
on the charge of capitulating at Metz wilhont doing all
that wa.s required by honor and duty to avoiii the sur-
render, resulted in a verdict of guilty. The judges
condemned him to death, and to be degraded from Iuh
rank previous to liis e.icecution ; they however signed
an appeal to President MacMahon commending Bazaine
to mercy. A Pari.s dispatch of the 12th says: The
sentence of death against the Marshal is commuted to
twenty years of seclusion. He is to bear the eflects of
degradation from his rank, but will be spared any hu-
miliating ceremony. He will be sent for confinement
to the island of Saint Marguerite, off Cannes.
During several days last week, London and the sur-
rounding country were enveloped in so dense a fog as to
make all travel or locomotion dangerous. Business
wa.s almost suspended, and for two days no vessels ar-
rived or left the port. A number of persons were
drowned by falling into the river docks. The fog
covered an area of about fifty miles square, of which
London is the centre. In consequence of the darkness
the cattle-show proved a failure, some of the animals
died, and many others were withdrawn by the owners.
The Bank of England has reduced its rate of discount
to 4J per cent., and loan.s outside the bank are made at
3 J and 4 per cent. The bank gained £(i 18,000 in gold
in one week.
The last advices from the Gold Coast, report the con-
dition of the British licet there .is very unhealthy. Sir
Cjarnet Wolseley was on board the ship Simoon, sufTer-
; from fever. The hostilities with the Ashantees have
thus far been mere skirmishes, and nothing decisive
was expected until the reinforcements from England
arrived. The authorities had determined that all Fan-
tees should be forcibly enlisted as carriers, laborers and
police.
X Havana dispatch of the 12th says, the Virginius
has been taken to the port of Bahia Honda, si.xly miles
west of Havana, where she will be delivered by a
Spanish raan-of-war to a vessel of the LTnited States
navy. Captain General Jouvellar has given the neces-
.sary orders for the transfer of the Virginius prisoners
at Santiago de Cuba to an American war ve.ssel. A
dispatch of the 14th says : The Spani.sh steamer B.Tzan
has sailed from Santiago de Cuba, for Bahia Honda,
with the Virginius passengers on board, and is expected
at the latter place to-morrow. It has been arranged
that the Virginias and her surviving passengers and
144
THE FRIEND.
crew shall be delivered to the Americans at the same spring wheat $1.18i ; No. 2, $1.16| ; No. .3 do., f l.OSJ.
crew, sn.ui "=„„,. ^^ , hsfo 2 mixed corn, 54 cts.; new, oO cts. No. 2 oats,
time at the port of B;iliia Honda.
The ship Arabia, from Calcutta for Boston, has foun-
dered at sea. No date is given, but the disaster oc-
curred in lat. 28 north, long. 63 west. Part of the crew
were landed at Gravesend, from the bark Tropic, which
vessel rescued them. The remainder of the crew, thir-
teen in number, were drowned.
Elizabeth, Queen Dowager of Prussia, and widow ot
King Frederick William IV., died on the 15th inst..
The German government has subscribed for 24,000,-
000 marks of the new Hungarian loan.
At a recent election in France to till vacancies in the
National Assembly, Republican deputies were chosen.
A petition for the restoration of the monarchy, with
120,000 signatures, had been laid before the Assembly.
A Madrid dispatch of the loth .says: The bombard-
ment of Cartagena opened again to-day with increased
vigor. It is said the great Powers have assured Castelar
that they will recognize the Eepublic when the Carta-
gena insurrection is suppressed.
The steamer Bechton has been lost in the Mediter-
ranean. Twenty-two lives were lost.
London, 12th mo. 15th.— U. S. sixes, 1867, 95J ; five
per cents, 921.
Liverpool. — Uplands cotton, delivered in the First
month, 8J(i.
A special dispatch to the Pall Mall Gazette says, that
as Baron Renter has not begun works of internal im-
provement in Persia within the time fixed upon, the
Shah has declared the concessions and agreement with
him void.
The German Press regard the verdict in the ease of
Marshal Bazaine, as the result of political intrigue, and
think he has been unjustly condemned.
The Dutch government has received intelligence that
9000 troops belonging to the expedition which lately
left Batavia for Acheen, have effected a landing on the
coast of that country without opposition.
The Emperor of Russia has ordered the Grand Duke
Alexis on another journey around the world next
spring.
The balance sheet of the Universal Exhibition at
Vienna shows a loss of 19,700,000 florins.
United States. — There were 273 interments in
Philadelphia last week, and 475 in New York.
Deep snows have fallen on the line of the Central
Pacific Railroad, but as yet no delay has occurred.
The New York and Erie canal navigation has been
closed for the season, the ice being from eight to ten
inches thick in portions of the canal.
The new postal treaty between the United States and
Germany, providing for an interchange of postal cards
between' the two nations, has gone into efi'ect. The
treaty includes not only the German empire, but also
Austria, Hungary, &c. A one cent stamp is required
upon the postal card before it can be forwarded.
The proceedings of Congress have been for the most
part unimportant. The cpiestion of repealing the act
of last Congress making a large increase in tlie salaries
of the members, has been debated in the House of
Representatives, and a great number of bills and reso-
lutions on other subjects have been introduced in both
Houses. The House of Representatives has decided to
adjourn from 12lh mo. 19th to 1st mo. Gth.
The distinguished scientest, Louis Agassiz, died in
Boston last week, in the l)7lh year of his age. He was
a native of Switzerland, but had resided many years in
the United States, and for the last 20 years had been
professor of geology and zoology in Harvard Univer-
sity.
27ie Markets, &c. — The following were the quotations
on the loth inst. Nero York. — American gold, llli;.
U. S. si.xes, 1881, 1191; ditto, 1865, 116; 10-40 five
l)er cents, 112;. Superfine Hour, $5.80 a SO. 25 ; State
extra, $6.65 a r7.10 ; finer brands, $7.50 a $10.25. No.
2 Chicago spring wlie.it, $1.62; red western, $1.58 a
Sl.OO ; white Indiana $1.75. Oats, 56J a 69 ct.s. State
rye, $1.09. Western mixed corn, 79 cts. ; yellow, 81 cts.;
white, 83 cts. Philndelphia. — Jliddlings cotton, 16] a
17| cts. for uplands and New Orleans Rtfined sugar,
7 J a 8 cts. Superfine flour, S5 a $5.50; extras, $5.75 a
86.50; finer brands, j-7 a $10.25. Red wheat, $1.58 a
SI.60; amber, $1.64 a $1.68; white, $1.75 a $1.85. Rye,
95 cts. Old yellow corn, 77 a 78 cts. ; new, 07 a 70 els.
Oats, 53 a 58 cts. Smoked hams, 11 a 13 cts. Lard,
8J a 8i cts. Clover seed, 8 a 9 cts. About 3000 beef
cattle sold .at the Avenue Drove-yard. Extra at 7 j a 71
cts. per lb, gross, and lower grades at 4 a 7 cts. ,Shee])
sold at 5 a 6{ ct.s. per lb. gross. Receipts 13,000 head.
Corn fed hogs sold at $7.50 a $7.75 per 100 lbs. net.
Receipts 7000 head. Chicago. — Spring extra flour,
$5.25 a $5.75 ; winter superfine, $7.60 a $7.76. No. 1
39} cts. Rye, 78 cts. No. 2 fall barley, $1.42. Lard,
8§ cts. St. Louis. — No. 2 spring wheat, $1.18 a $1.19 ;
No. 2 winter red, $1.65. Y'ellow corn, 60 a 61 cts. No.
2 Oats, 44J a 45 cts. Lard, 7-J- cts. Ci?ici7mo<i.— Wheat,
$1.45 a $r.47. Old corn, 60 cts. ; new, 55 cts. Oats, 42
a 50 cts. Barley, $1.25 a $1.55. Rye, 95 cts.
The Committee of The Y'early Meeting to visit the
Subordinate Meetings, will meet on the 20th inst. in
the Committee-room, Arch St., at 10 o'clock A. M.
The renewed attention of Friends is called to the fol-
lowing works for sale at
FRIENDS' BOOK STORE.
Sewel's History of the People called Quakers,
.lournal of the Life and Travels of George Fox.
R. Barcl.iy's Apology for the True Christian Divinity.
Journal of John Richardson.
ERRATA.
In the essay "Mixed Marriages," in the last 16
No. of "The Friend," page 122, on the 17th line frc
the beginning, for harmonizing read harmonize. And
the same, 3rd col. and 26th line from the top, for m
read more.
I
FRIENDS' FREEDMEN'S ASSOCIATION
A Public Meeting will be held in the Committi
room. Arch Street Meeting-house, on Third-day eveiT
ing. Twelfth month 23rd, 1873, to hear the report';
M. C. Cope and James E. Rhoads, the committee late
visiting the schools. All are heartily invited to alter
By order of the Board,
John B. Garkett, Secretary.
Philada., 12th mo. 16lh, 1873.
Do. Richard Jordan.
Do. Henry Hull.
Do. Thomas Chalkley.
Do. William Savery.
Do. John Churchman.
Do. Thomas Ellwood.
Do. Elizabetli Collins.
No Cross No Crown, by William Penn.
Rise, Progress and Key, do. do.
Letters of John Barclay.
Do. on Religious Subjects, by John Kendall.
Do. of Elizabeth, Lucy and Judith Ussher.
A Compendium of Religious Faith and Practice, by
Murray.
Extracts from the Papers of Edwin Price.
Life and Gospel Labors of John Woolman.
Do. do. do. Richard Davies.
Do. do. do. Abel Thomas.
Do. do. do. Samuel and Mary Neale.
Life and Religious Services of William Evans.
A Concise Account of Friends, by Thomas Evans.
Examples of Youthful Piety, do. do.
Piety Promoted. By William and Thomas Evan.s.
Evans' Exposition of the Faith of fViends.
pamphlet.s.
True Christian Baptism and Communion.
Ancient Testimony of the Society of Friends.
Memorials of Deceased Friends.
Reasons for the Necessity of Silent Waiting.
Letters to Susanna Sharple.ss.
The following are published by the " Tract Asso-
ciation OF Friends :"
Biographical Sketches and Anecdotes of Friends.
Bound Tracts, in 2 volumes.
Brief Account of Sarah Grubb.
Mary Dudley and Daughters.
A Mother's Legacy to her Daughters.
Some Account of Ann Reeve.
Divine Protection through Extraordinary Dangers.
Memoir of Rachel C. Bartram.
The foljowing Books are sold by .lacob Smedley, in-
dependently of those published by the " Book
Committee."
Dictionary of the Holy Bible, (illustrated.)
The Wheat Sheaf.
Gleanings from Pious Authors.
Historical Memoirs of Friends. By Wm. Hodgson.
Reformers and Martyrs, before and after Luther. By
Wm. Hodgson.
(ilimpses by Sea and Land. By M. L. Evans.
Power <jf Religion. By L. Murray.
Gleanings at Seventy-five. By S. Lukens.
Social Hours with Friends. By M. S. Wood.
A History and General Catalogue of Westtown Board-
ing School, 2d edition. By W. W. Dewees.
Selections of Religious Poetry.
Dymond's Essays on Morality.
Plain Path to Christian Perfection.
.\ Guide to True Peace.
Food for \''oung Appetites.
.A Plea for the Dumb Creation.
The Book of Birds.
The Book of Animals.
A Ladder to Learning.
The Arm Chair.
Parents' CJift.
Original Poems. By Taylor.
The Child's Treasury.
Brief Account of William Bush.
Last illness and Death of Jane Wheeler.
Dress, and Worldly Compliance.
On the Mountain. By M. E. Atkinson.
Picture Pages for Little Children.
I
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL,
As the stations of Superintendent and Matron of tl
Institution are expected to be vacated at the close of tj
Winter Session, in the 4th month next. Friends w'
may feel drawn to undertake the duties attached 1
them, are requested to communicate thereon witheitl:
of the following named members of the Committee.
Nathaniel N. Stokes, Cinnaminson Post-offi,
Burlington Co., N. J.
Charles Evans, No. 702 Race St., Philadelplii
Deborah Rhoads, Haddonfield, N, J,
Rebecca S. Allen, No. 335 S. Fifth St., Phila..
FOR RENT
To a Friend, the small dwelling on the meeting-hoe
property, West Philadelphia. An oversight of 1
property will be accepted as part of the rent.
Apply to
John C. Allen, Forrest Building, 119 So b
Fourth street.
Henry Haines, 512 Walnut street.
FRIENDS' BOARDING SCHOOL FOR INDI.J:
CHILDREN, TUNESASSA, NEW YORK.
A teacher of the school will be wanted at the c(i-
mencement of the Spring term.
Application may be made to
Ebenezer Worth, Marshallton, Chester Co., I
Joseph Scattergood, 413 Spruce St., Philada.
Aaron SharpJess, Street Road P. O., Che; it
Co., Pa.
Thomas Wistar, Fox Chase P. O., Philada.
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE.
Near Frankford, {Tu-entij-ihird Ward,) Philadelph,
Physician and Superintendent — JoSHUA H. WoR I-
ington, M. D.
Applications for the Admission of Patients majie
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Boarol
Managers.
Died, 12th mo. 1st, 1873, Mary T. Lsaac, wifif
William Isaac, in her fifty-fifth year. Matron of e
Emlen Institution, Warminster, Bucks Co., Pa., a m i-
her of Buckingham Monthly Meeting of Friends, .,
after a short and severe illnes.s, during which she li
a clear view "of a beautiful country where all ve
happy." She heard a voice say, "thou may err,
being pure." Expressing great thankfulness that le
" had not deferred preparation for death until now, x
poor body has all it can bear with the pain and sul-
ing from its diseased condition," "Through the ac-
able goodness and mercy of my dear Saviour, all II
be well with my .soul if taken now." Feeling resigil
to part with her beloved husband and children, ;t
willing, if the Lord's will, to remain longer to bin
instrument in His hands for the good of the poor coli J
children, amongst whom she believed He had oa d
her to labor. 'To the colored lads of the Emlcn Iri-
tution, she had been as a tender mother for nearly t
years; her affectionate and earnest counsel and pra;it
in her labor of love for the souls of these boys, ih
tinned to the last. Near her close, taking each pnl
by the hand, she directed them to their Saviour, i
bid them farewell. Their tears and emotions show g
how they felt at the parting. She admonished tl*
about her to prepare for death while in health, .say t,
a sick bed is not the place to prepare for death." r
purified spirit was calmly released and is, we huiiv
trust, through the mediation and atoning blood of :t
dear Saviour, now an inhabitant of that "bcautil
country," where the wicked cease from troubling "f
the weary are forever at rest.
■yyYLLIAM' H." PILE,^PRiNfEE."
No. 422 Walnut Street.
FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. XLVII.
SEVENTH-DAY, TWELFTH MONTH 27, 1873.
NO. 19.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
'rice Two Dollars per annum, if paid in advance. Two
, dollars and fifty cents, if not paid in advance.
I
' Sabacriptiona and PaymentB receiTed by
I
I JOHN S. STOKES,
4T NO. 116 NORTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS,
PHILADELPHIA.
'ostage, when paid quarterly in advance, five cents.
For "Tlip Friend."
Sub-tropical Rambles— by Sicolas Pike,
j In this volume, the author, who is or was
[Onited States Consul at the Island of Mauri-
Jliias, not only gives the history, statistics, &e.,
'|)f his adopted home, but describes the pecu-
iar customs of the Indians who inhabit it,
lis rambles over its mountains and shores,
i.he eharacteristics of the adjacent islands,
ind especially the natural productions of the
.and and the surrounding waters. He was a
wrking naturalist, and waded on the coral
eefs collecting the various denizens of these
urious formations, as well as acquiring much
nteresting information respecting their habits.
Jlany of the inhabitants of those tropical
raters, are more or less dangerous to the uu-
rotected fisherman. Not to mention the
harks which abound in the deep waters, and
're very voracious, the various kinds of spiny
shes are much dreaded, and the eels which
Isewhere are harmless, here grow to an enor-
loiis size, and often attack the unwary in-
•uiler on their haunts. N. Pike says:
■ ■■ Xearly all the eels I have here met with
-semble snakes in the manner of elevating
jieir head, and the fierce way they turn on
lan when disturbed. One cunning fejlow, I
link the Anguille morele, often gives the un-
ary fisher a sharp bite. It grows about
vo feet long, and is of a sandy color, with
le tail tipped pink. The fin is scarcely per-
■ptible round the tail, which is stitf and
:>inted, and with it he digs a hole in the
uddy bottom, deep enough for him to stand
1 end in. Here be waits for his prey, with
s head only visible, his keen eyes allowing
)thing to escape him, and being so colorless
idor water he often catches the fishermen's
CCS or hands as they grope about after cat-
-li.''
In describing a visit to Mapou Baj^ he tells
i of the capture of one of the largest species.
3n a little projection of rock running out into
e bay, I amused myself watching the gam-
Is of the small fish as they disported in the
ie pools. In one little basin, containing
j'OUt six feet of water clear as crystal, there
'3re several small Chffitodons, and amongst
'em two or three of the richly- colored Holi-
{nthus semicirculatus. The body of l^is fish
• of glossy black, with perpendicular lines
from the top of the head to the pectoral fins,
alternately of the purest white and brightest
imperial blue. When not frightened, it will
swim gracefullj^ round and round in circles,
glancing its bright golden ej-e at the intruder ;
but make the slightest movement, and, like a
flash of light, it disappears to its hiding place,
and remains till the fancied danger is past. I
was watching one of these lovely Utile crea-
tures, almost breathless lest I should disturb
it, when suddenly it vanished; and I was
curious to see the cause of its panic, as I was
quite innocent of it. After waiting a few
seconds, I caught a glimpse of the head of an
eel, not larger than a man's thumb, protrud-
ing through an opening in the coral bed four
inches wide. Finding that the animal did
not come out, -and that he was evidently lying
in wait for his ]irey, I determined to take him,
if possible ; so baited a good sized hook, and
suspended it over his hole. Hook and bait
were seized, and I saw that I had an uglj-
customer to deal with, a large savage fellow.
I prepared a cod hook with steel chain, and
baited and attached it to a good-sized cod line.
He seized greedily, and with a jerk I drew
out his head. I called loudly to Jumna, who
was a weak sickly little man, to hold on
tightly to the lino, while I jumped into the
water to spear him. Hedidn't half like the job;
however, he held on. I carefully approached
the hole when the brute came at me boldly.
I was a little too quick for him, and planted
ni}- grains into his neck, about six inches from
his head. We then began hauling him out,
but it took all our strength to handle him, for
he resisted furiously. We pulled away nine
feet, and still saw no end to his body — ten
feet! eleven feet! 'Why,' said I 'we have
caught a young sea serpent,' Twelve feet!
uud his tail began to wriggle out. I then
quickly retreated to the rock, and we made
lor the shore, dragging our game ; and even
on land we had much ado to hold him, till I
despatched him by severing the vertebrae with
my hatchet.
This monster eel measured twelve feet three
inches in length, and round the largest part
of the head fourteen and a half inches. The
head of this species terminates in a blunt
point, the two small bright eyes not more
than an inch from the end. The large mouth
is filled with long sharp teeth, even the roof
is covered with these formidable weapons.
This eel is very dangerous, but not so common
as reported, rhere are several species of this
genus, but none so large as this. The fisher-
men call it the ' Cave Eel,' its specific name
I do not know. I was not a little proud of
my game, so kept him, and on m}- return had
him stuffed, and he now hangs on my office
ceiling."
Our author thus introduces us to another
fish which requires cautious handling. " We
pass a little pirogue tossing about on the
waves with two men in it, one pulling and
the other sorting his fish. As we pulled by
him, to our questions as to what he has
caught, after showing us some packets as-
sorted ready for sale, he hold up one of the
most dreaded fish of the coast, the Mud Laft'
{Synanceia hrachia), abundant all round the
island, and consitlered good food by the lower
classes.
This most hideous and disgusting-looking
fish averages from 16 to 18 indies in length.
The spongy, wrinkled, leprous-lil^ skin is or-
dinarily blotched with white-gre}' and brown,
on an olive ground, but is generally so covered
with mud and weeds that it is only after a
great deal of trouble that it can be cleaned so
as to show its true colors, as it seems to exude
a glutinous matter which, attracting anything
it comes in contact with, forms a thick coat
over the whole body. The dorsal resembles
an irregular row of tuberculcs, each with a
spine rather than a fin, and the short wide
putted out pectorals give it a dull appearance
when swimming, as if it had a ruff round its
neck. Being the color of the mud, it is diffi-
cult to distinguish it at a short distance, and
its ver}' small bright eyes at the top of the
head enable it to lie in wait unseen by its
victims; the ventrals lie flat in the ooze, and
the uncouth head is drawn back so that the
groat vertical mouth stands wide open to catch
anj^ unwary fish that pass his way. The prey
is sucked in and swallowed, but it is a sorry
day when human hand or foot inadvertently
touches it. I have hitherto managed to escape
them in my wadings in search of marine curi-
osities, but I always keep a very sharp look-
out, and wear the thickest of long boots.
Grand River, is said to bo especially in-
fested with laft's, and during a visit there the
fishermen cautioned me about going into the
water, as I should be sure to be 'piqued.
However, I wished to make some experiments
with this fish, so went cxpresslj' with the
hope of capturing some. The truth of their
abundance was soon verified, and an old ex-
pert that I had taken the caution to secure
as assistant quickly procured me several spe-
cimens. We placed them alive in a vessel
prepared for the purpose.
One large one I laid on a dish, and tickled
him under the pectorals, when the dorsal,
which usuall}' lies in a lumpy mass on the
back when undisturbed, was quickly raised,
and in a few seconds, when I touched the
dorsal, the fish, with a spasmodic eftbrt, eject-
ed a greenish slimy substance through the
hollow spines, and this I concluded to be the
poison injected into wounds, making them
so difficult to cure. To prove the dangerous
nature of this poison, I punctured the ball of
the fore-paw of a kitten with one of the front
spines (said to be the worst). The animal was
immediately affected, and died of convulsions
in an hour.
I saw a poor fellow near Tamarind Bay
who h,ad trodden on a laff, which wounded
the ball of the great toe on the right foot.
It was much swollen when I looked at it.
146
TMili J?i*ii!iiNJJ.
I at once opened the wound with a scalpel,
and applied a strong solution of liquor ammo-
nisB to it. His comrades made a poultice of
the leaves of the Ehretia petioles, and applied
it ; and in about an hour's time he began to
feel a little relief I gave him also a good
glass of brandy to keep up his courage, for he
was near fainting from the agony he endured,
and his state of alarm lest lockjaw should
ensue was pitiful to see. I afterwards learnt
that he felt the effects of the wound for a very
long time. I have seen several such cases
since, and one especially terrible in the hos-
pital, where the puncture was on the sole of
the foot, and no aid had been given till some
hours after. The foot and leg swelled tre-
mendously ; and after some days the wound
sloughed, leaving a large hole. It was over
two months before the man was able to be
discharged."
CTo be concluded.)
For "The Frieod."
Memoirs and Letters of Sarah lliliman.
(Continued from pagy 139.)
" 1820, 3rd mo. 5th. This day two precious
Friends have been permitted in an awful man-
ner to pass from this scene of probation into
thatcity which needethnot the light of the sun
nor of the moon. How uncertain the tenure
of human existence! As they were crossing
the Delaware on the ice, to visit a beloved
friend, it broke, apd they were ingulphed in
the mighty water. To them it was no doubt
a happy passport to that haven of rest, for
which they had been laboring many years;
and Aey now reap the reward of their labors
in the bosom of the church triumphant far
above the heavens. Could we hear the voice
of their departed spirits,^ methinks they would
say : Daughters of Jerusalem weep not for us,
but weep for yourselves and for j^our chil-
dren. We are happy, and rejoice that our
■work was cut short in righteousness. No :
we do not mourn for you,, precious sisters, so
much knowing yours is great gain ; but mourn
the church's loss in the removal of her pillars.
May we centre to the gift within and acqui-
esce in His will, who doth all things well.
Perhaps it was his good pleasure to take them
by a shorter road to Heaven than some, as he
did Elijah; and let us, like Elisha, ask not for
them, but for a double portion of the spiril
that was upon them ; that so .we may be able
if required, to step into their places, and thus
fill up the chasm left. This would be an ac-
ceptable sacrifice in the sight of Him who
seeth not as man seeth, and would also prove
a blessing to us.
3rd nio. 17th. How pooi* is man. How
poor am I? Poor without Christ — his life, his
light, his strength: but with him rich. By
his power able to do all thing-i, and to suffer
all things y because he is Almighty. His
power is invincible. He knoweth all our
trials, and having been tempted in all points
as we are, is able to succor them who are
tempted, and ever liveth to make intercession
for us. How great is the goodness of the
Lord! Oh my soul, mayest thou never forget
his manifold mercies bestowed upon thee !
Let it be thy concern often to inquire, what
shall I render unto thee, O Lord I for all thy
benefits? And in humble resignation mayest
thou adopt the answer, " I will take the cup
of salvation and call upon the name of the
upon
Lord now in the presence of all his people.'
For he -has indeed preserved my feet from|enco to the scenes below; — to all that can be
falling, thereforetto him belongeth praise for
ever. May I ever endeavor to live under the
government of this blessed Teacher sent from
God, that, haply in that period, when this
tabernacle of clay may be about to be eon
signed to the narrow house, the soul may rise
triumphant above the fear of death, rejoicing
in the hope of a glorious immortality.
May I continue steadfastly devoted and
dedicated to the will of my Heavenly Father;
and, as the clay in the hand of the potter,
stand passive. Not anxiously enquiring what
doest thou ? But resting my all in his band,
hold myself not as my own, but the Lord's.
And thus, whether the north or the south
wind blow upon my garden, whether my lot
be as among the pots or on the mountains,
whether surrounded with sorrows, or what-
ever be my situation, my soul in this holy con-
fidence can rejoice; because. The Lord is my
shepherd, and all his sheep shall witness the
refreshing bounties of his table to be indeed
better than corn, wine or oil.
'Give what thou canst, without Thee we are poor,
But with Thee rich, take what thou wilt away.'
3rd mo. 26th. A series of engagements, both
of body and mind, have of late prevented my
adding any matter to this manual ; although
not less willing to acknowledge to the good-
ness of Christ than formerly. But my poor
spirit has been much depressed of late, from
an apprehension, that after having thus f;ir
been made to confess before men, in measure,
my desire that the kingdom of Christ may
come, I should now fall from the steadfast-
ness of faith, and so never become what my
dear Lord designed I should, in seasons of
fears and reasonings like these. Oh ! how does
the soul weep and mourn ; and at seasons
adopts the language of poor Zion, ' The Lord
hath forsaken me.' Yet being secretly sup-
ported by the everlasting Arm, although not
seen, we are preserved ; and in His time made
to acknowledge. Though sorrow endureth for
a night of deep proving, yet joy cometh in the
morning. The christian's life is a warfare.
It consisteth not in the abundance of the
things which he possesseth, but in the strength
of his Captain. The wise king Solomon justly-
addresses the child of grace, 'My son if thou
come to serve the Lord, prepare thy heart for
temptation.' Notwithstanding this, there are
seasons when the devoted soul can feelingly
rejoice in the Lord, and count it all joy when
he falls into manifold temptations. Knowing
that the trial of his faith is more precious than
gold; and that he has an advocate with the
Father, who was himself tempted, and knows
how to succor them that are tempted. May
all be engaged then in seasons of trial, to come
boldly, through Divine aid, to the throne of
grace in full assurance of faith ; that so Christ
may become our righteousness, sanctification,
and redemption.
4th mo. 24th. Now that our annual assem-
bly is passed, what canst thou say of the
benefit thereof? Has it been to thee a sea-
son of spiritual consolation ? Or like the heath
in the desert, has thou been heedless of good
when it cometh? With unconcern, suffering
other things to occupy the time, and thus has
left no room for the introduction of the rain
of Heaven ? Though ere the time arrived for
this large gathering, my spirit was reduced
to so low an ebb as not to feel anxious; but
rather a willingness begotten to be poor, strip-
ped and destitute, what if I say an indiffer-
received through the aid of mortals — and ai
craving to be found as clay in the hand of thei
great Potter, whether fruit be on the vine foij
me, or my dwelling remain as in the region}
and shadow of death, where my soul oft feels'
herself left, 3-et not forsaken ; because a grain
of faith is in mercy vouchsafed, supporting
above the billows, which otherwise woulc
overwhelm my little bark. ' The great I Am,'
still condescends to hear his little ones who
have none in Heaven but him, nor in all tht
earth in comparison of him. And truly it ii
my lot to go through this scene of chang<
without much of that sympathy and help from
brethren and sisters, with which some other!
are favored. No doubt this is in best Wisdom
that all my springs may be in Christ, thi
Al])ha and Omega ; whose goings forth hav(
been from old, from everlasting.
May he in the riches of his goodness, poui
upon me, if consistent with his blessed will
the spirit of power, that haply all the gooc
pleasure of his will may be wrought in anc
upon me to the praise of his grace ; even me
who have long travelled in weakness and fear
and much trembling. Who hast often, verj
often been ready to say, there is no way fo:
me. I shall surely one day fall. Yet trustinj
to the sufficiency of Israel's unslumberinc
Shepherd, I do crave that as in seasons ove;
and past, I may cast every crown at His feet
and acknowledge, by Thy might all thingi '
may be done. Thou, who hast begun the '
work and carried it on thus far, I trust to foi
ability still to journey forward in the way 0
holiness. Thy ways, O Lord, are past finding 1
out. Thou art a companion of all them tha' I
fear thee, and that trust in thee. Teach me
thy statutes."
CTo be continued.)
For "The Friend."
The Approaching Transit of Venus.
(Concluded from page 138.)^
Some of the observations of the transits o:
1761 and 1769 were used for determining th'
solar parallax on the principle described ir'
the early part of this article. But as thii
method is of limited application, other methodr
of observation and calculation were adoptee
which would make available the importau
data that might be furnished by the numer
ous observers who were located at place;
where the whole of the transit was not visible
In these cases the object was to ascertain witl
reasonable accuracy the dift'erence in the ab
solute time of the beginning, or of the ending
of the transit at two stations whose differenC'
of longitude was considerable. Most of thi
preparations for the approaching transit havi
been based on this latter method somewha
extended and improved; the aim being tt '
establish a company of observers at suitabl'
locations as near as practicable to each of th'
two places on the earth where the transit wil
begin the earliest and where it will begin th'
latest ; also to select stations near each of thoS'
two other places where the transit will em
the earliest and the latest; that thus ih
maximum effect of parallax on the times of thi^
beginning and end of the phenomenon maj
be observed and measured. ■ This method i
sometimes known as Delisle's or the Frencl
method. It has, however, the disadvantagi (
that the exact longitude and true local tion- /
of each station must be known. In the methoi "
of observation which was suggested by Halley
on the^ther hand, the entire progress of th
THE FRIEND.
147
ransit from beginning to end must be watch-
d from two remote stations, and the exact
iterval of time between the beginning and
nd must be ascertained at both. But the
pecial recommendation of this method is that
either the exact longitudes nor the local
imes of the stations are required. It is ob-
iously a very desirable thing that two jjlans
f observation so distinct in. principle and in
etail should be emploj-ed in order that the
ne may be used as a check upon the other,
tut there is a still stronger reason for the em-
loyment of both methods, depending upon
he fact that sometimes the one and some-
mes the other method of observation is best
dapted to the circumstances of the time when
be transit takes place. It occasionally oc-
ars that good results can be secured by
elisle'.s process when stations suitable for the
mployment of Halley's process are not to be
ad, and sometimes the converse is the case.
A very long interval commonly lies between
iccessive transits, because during that time
enus passes either above or below the face
F the sun as it sweeps round that luminary,
b nearer distance, and with greater speed.
aan the earth. The planet is only seen on
ae face of the sun when the orbital paths of
Dth itself and the earth are so arranged as
> permit the planet to be diametrically be-
ween the earth and the sun as it traverses
lis part of its journey, passing the earth on
3Count of its greater speed. It, however,
enerally happens when this planet has once
assed over the sun's face after the long in-
srval, that it may be seen there again after
le comparatively short lapse of about eight
ears. This occurs because the first time the
lanet goes round again to overtake the earth
I the position in which it li-es between it and
le sun, the relative courses of the two tribu-
iry bodies have not departed from each other
lOugh to carry the planet clear of the sun's
ce either above or below. It is therefore
.rain seen upon that face as it sweeps by.
^his is the reason why there was a transit of
enus in 1761, eight years before the histori-
il transit associated with the name of Cap-
lin Cook, and this is why there will be a
•ansit again in 1882, eight years after the
■Linsit of 1874, for which preparations are now
1 rapid progress. After the year 1882 no
;irther opportunity for the revision of the
itimates of the sun's distance by this royal
lethod of observation will occur again until
le years 2004 and 2012.
In the early preparations for the observa-
on of 1874 it was assumed that the arrange-
ments should be directed towards carrying
at the operations upon Delisle's plan. The
iStronomer Eoyal, after a careful considera-
on of the whole subject, came to the decision
,iat the five best stations that could be fixed
pen for government observers to be employed
,t would be Alexandria, — AVoaho, one of the
andwich Islands in the North Pacific, —
odriguez Island to the northeast of Mauri-
U8, — Christchurch in New Zealand, — -and
erguelens Island far south of the Indian
cean; and that on these stations Di-lisle's
lethod of observing first and last contacts at
iflferent stations would have to be mainly, if
3t exclusively, adopted.
, A grant of public money to the extent of
lie requirements of the equipments on this
ise was arranged, and the prepar^ion for
le work was systematically entered upon,
new prophet, however, shortly afterwards
arose. In the mid.sumnier of the year 18G9,
R. A. Proctor presented a memoir to the Pojal
Astronomical Society, in which he questioned
the soundness of the view which had been
authoritatively adopted, and supported his
argument in the matter by a method in which
he is peculiarly skilled, namely, the diiigram-
matic, or pictorial, representation of the eon
ditions of the question in the form of six or-
thographic majis representing the course of
the transit for different parts of the earth.
With these maps for the deviceupon his shield,
he alBrmed that the old Ilalley method of ob-
serving the entire duration of the transit from
remote stations of the earth would be found
to promise better results in 1874 than Delisle's
method, even with the Astronomer Royal's
own stations of observation, and that it would
yield materially better results, if other possi-
ble positions were also occupied in the Ant-
arctic Ocean.
After having given a careful consideration
to these representations and arguments, the
Astronomer Royal continues to be of opinion
that the difficulties and disadvantages of oc-
cupying high northern and southern latitudes,
for the sake of securing a wide and suitable
base for the more extended application of
Halley's method of observing, more than coun-
terbalance the advantages that might be se-
cured by the proceeding; and that arrange-
ments for doing so are unnecessary, because
in the present state of astronomical science,
with the improved facilities at command for
the exact settlement of longitudes, even better
results will be secured by the application of
Delisle's method without the enlarged base
than could be obtained by the most advan-
tageous application of Halley's method. Good
observations at Kerguelens Island, when com-
pared with observations of the duration of
the transit at French, German, and Russian
stations near Japan, will, nevertheless, in re-
ality give fair means of using Halley's method,
if at any time held desirable to do so; and
observations both at Rodriguez Island and
Christchurch may also be utilized in the same
way, as the entire transit will be visible at
those stations. But if the views which have
been for some time gaining ground among
practical astronomers of all nations are cor-
rect, it will never become necessary to apply
the method even as a check, simply because
when the longitudes of good stations of ob.
servation are accurately and exactly known,
Delisle's method, virtually based upon the
comparison of the absolute Greenwich times
at the different stations, is unquestionably
superior to the less refined Halley's method
of comparing the durations at the different
stations.
The Astronomer Royal, of course, cannot
be presumed to be yet endowed with the at-
tribute of infallibility. But no one who is
familiar with Sir George Airy's distinguished
career, and who has marked his able and
painstaking administration of the affairs of
the National Observatory during a period of
thirty-seven years, can doubt he has well con
sidered his ground in the position that he has
assumed, and knows what he is doing ; as must
also the large band of experienced French
German, Russian, and American astronomers,
who have not joined in the admonitory cry
that has been raised by one single English
voice. One distinctly expressed anxiety of
the Astronomer Royal has been that, with the
limited means at his disposaj^ and which, it
will be remembered, it is one part of his oner-
ous dutj- to apply in the best possible direc-
tion, it has not been possible to include the
Marquesas Islands, and some other desirable
stations in the Pacific, in his operations. This
anxiety is only in part removed by the wel-
come announcement just made that Flourien,
an experienced naval officer and competent
observer, will be sent to the Marquesas by the
French Government, who, by this act, will
make a verj' material and valuable contribu-
tion to the work.
England, in its possibly too narrow and too
economical treatment of the grand opportu-
nity the approaching transit affords, will not
be alone in the interesting and important
labor. R. A. Proctor, not having to administer
the limited allowance of public money award-
ed for this service, may mourn over the con-
ception of England not standing iji the van of
the movement, or perhaps accomplishing its
objects single-handed. But the Astronomer
Royal, with a more cosmopolitan sense, in all
probability feels that the result will no less
certainly be secured under the admirable spirit
of co-operation and consent that binds nation
to nation, whore the noblest achievements of
science are concerned. Thus American as-
tronomers intend to secure photographs of
the transit wherever the sun is ten degrees
above the horizon through the entire duration
of the phenomenon, and wherever the effect
of parallactic displacement is most pronounced.
They will certainly have leading stations at
Wladiwostok, near Yokohama and Pekin, and
in some other parts of China, Japan, or the
adjacent isles, and ahso in one of the Sandwich
Islands. The Germans will occupy three prin-
cipal stations and eight subordinate ones, at
which measurements will be made of the dis-
tance of Venus from the nearest and furthest
points of the sun's limb throughout the occur-
rence of the transit, and at which also times
of first and last contacts will be taken, and
photographic pictures be secured. Russia will
fill no less than twenty-seven stations, scat-
tered through Eastern Siberia, and stretching
between the Caspian Sea and the mouth of
the Amoor, at all of which first and last con-
tacts will be observed.
The finest instruments, especially prepared
for this work by such men as Repsold, Frauen-
hofer, Steinheil, and Dallmeyer, will be pro-
vided for all these several stations, and the
observing staff will be trained, at Berlin, under
the superintendence of Professor Anwers, at
Pulkowa under that of Otto Struve, and at
Washington under the care of Rear Admiral
Sands. Among other refinements of instru-
mental ingenuity it is worthy of note that
Janssen intends to employ an apparatus which
will enable him at the time of expected con-
tacts of the planet with the sun's limb to re-
cord at almost continuous short intervals a
series of photographic impressions, which
must therefore include in the series the one
giving the true contact, the time of its occur-
rence being simultaneously mai'ked.
The transit of 1874 occurs on the 9th of
Twelfth moiith, but no part of it will be visi-
ble in any portion of the Western Continent
excepting, perhaps, the southern end of the
peninsula of Alaska. It will also be invisible
in the northwestern part of Afi-ica and in
about one half of Europe, say in all that por-
tion which lies north-west of a line extending
from the west end of Sicily to that point in
148
THE FRIEND.
the eastern boundary of Europe where the
arctic circle crosses the Ural Mountains. On
the contrary the transit of Twelfth month 6th,
1882, will be visible throughout the whole
of North and South America, excepting, of
course, nearly all that portion of the former
which is included within the arctic circle. It
will also be visible in Africa and in the south-
western part of Europe. The inhabitants of
South America and of the eastern portions
of the United States, Canada and Mexico,
will have the opportunity (weather permit-
ting) of witnessing this rare and interesting
phenomenon from the beginning to the end.
On that occasion the planet will bo seen on
the sun's disk for about six hours. In 1874
it will cross the sun along a line more remote
from the centre of the latter, and in conse-
quence of this the passage will be acomplished
in about four hours. It may be worth while
to add, that in 1878, nearly midway between
the two transits of Venus, there will be a
transit of Mercury. It will be due on the 6th
of Fifth month, and the whole transit will be
visible in the United States.
In Patience Possess Ye Your Souls. — The
soul loses command of itself when it is impa-
tient; whereas, when it submits, without a
murmur, it possesses itself in peace, and God
is with it. To be impatient is to desire what
we have not, and not to desire what we have.
An impatient soul is a prey to passions unre-
strained, either by reason or faith. What
weakness, what delusion ! When we acqui-
esce in an evil, it is no longer such. Why
make a real calamity of it by resistance?
Peace does not dwell in outward things, but
within the soul. We may preserve it in the
midst of the bitterest pain, if our will remains
firm and submissive. Peace in this life springs
from acquiescence even in disagreable things, not
in an exemption from suffering. — Fenelon.
"My peace I give unto you, not as the
world giveth." The world, it is true, pro-
mises peace, but it never gives it; it yields us
some fleeting pleasures, but they cost us more
than they are worth. It is the religion of
Jesus alone that can give peace to man ; it
unites him with the Saviour; it subdues his
passions, it controls his desires, it consoles
him with the love of Christ; it gives him joy
even in sorrow, and this is a joy that cannot
be taken away. — Fenelon.
If I were seriously persuaded that the life
of a Christian is a life of patience and self-
denial, if in sincerity and truth I loved Jesus
Christ, who suffered and humbled Himself for
me, should I be contented with talking of
trials when I am called upon to bear them,
with giving lessons to mj^ neighbors and not-
applying them to myself? Should I be so
impatient with the infirmities of others, so
discouraged by obstacles, so disquieted' by
little troubles, so sensitive about human friend-
ship, so jealous and intractable toward those
whom I ought to conciliate, so severe toward
the faults of others, so lenient and so back-
ward in mending my own? Should I be so
ready to murmur at the trials by which God
would prove my virtue? — Fenelon.
•-♦
So to live that when the sun
Of our existence sinks in night,
Memorials sweet of mercies done
May slirine our names in memory's light,
And the blest seeds we scattered, bloom
A hundred-fold in days to come.
Bowring,
PUTTING OFF THE AKMOR.
Wliy weep ye for the falling
Of the transient twilight gloom?
I am weary of the journey,
And have come in sight of home.
I can see a white procession
Sweep melodiously along.
And I would not have your mourning
Drown the sweetness of their song.
The battle-strife is ended ;
I have scaled the hindering wall,
And am putting oil' the armor
Of the soldier— that is all !
Would you hide me from my pleasure?
Would you hold me from my rest?
From my serving and ray waiting]
I am called to be a guest !
Of its heavy, hurtful burdens
Now my spirit is released :
I am done witli fasts and scourges,
And am bidden to the feast.
While you see the sun descending,
While you lose me in the night,
Lo, the heavenly morn is breaking,
And my soul is in the light.
I from faith to sight am rising,
While in deeps of doubt you sink ;
'Tis the glory that divides us,
Not the darkness, as you think.
Then lift up your drooping eye-lids,
And take heart o/ better cheer ;
'Tis the cloud of coming spirits
Makes the shadows that ye fear.
O, they come to bear me upward
To the mansion of the sky,
And to change as I am changing
Is to live, and not to die;
Is to leave the pain, the sickness,
And the smiting of the rod,
And to dwell among the angels,
In the city of our God.
Alice Cary.
*-»
Selected.
THE DANDELION.
My childhood's earliest thoughts are linked with thee;
The sight of thee calls back the robin's song.
Who, from the dark old tree
Beside the door, sang clearly all day long.
And I, secure in early piety.
Listened as if I heard an angel sing
With news from heaven, which he did bring
Fresh every day to my untainted years,
When birds and flowers and I were happy peers.
How like a prodigal doth Nature seem.
When thou, for all thy gold, so common art!
Thou teachest me to deem
More .sacredly of every heart.
Since each reflects in joy its scanty gleam
Of heaven, and could some wondrous secret show,
Did we but pay the love we owe,
.\nd with a child's undoubting wisdom look
On all the living pages of God's book.
J. R. Lowell.
Onr Migratory Birds— Wlien and Where They Go.
(Concludeil from paee 140.)
The wild pigeons move south from the dense
forests of the Northwest and West, at this
season, in hordes. Audubon, in his " Birds of
America," gives an account of a migration of
these birds. He counted one hundred and
sixty-three flocks of wild pigeons passing a
given point, in Ohio, during twenty-one min-
utes; and he left otf counting them because
he found it impossible to keep an accurate
account of the great numbers in flocks. He
said : " The light of noondaj' was eclipsed, and
the buzz of their wings had a tendency to lull
the senses to repose ; if a hawk approached
their roar, they rushed into a compactness
like a torrent and with a noise like thunder."
But this was long ago ; now, notwithstanding
the bird quadruples itself yearly, owing to the
diligence of the modern sportsman, the multi-
tudes of the wild pigeons in our forests are
greatly diminished. This bird flies with great
rapidity, and resorts to the southern and
southwestern States during the winter.
The night-hawk, whoso returning screech
salutes our ears in New York in the late warm
May twilights, as they circle far above the
house-tops, make an extensive migration.
Their range is from Maine to Mexico, and in
October they pass in great numbers over the i
table lands of Texas, over the Rio Grande and
the western shores of the Gulf into the sunny
valleys of the Sierra Madre. These birds are
rapid in flight and very graceful in evolution.
The changing seasons impel a corresponding
change of habitation to divers hawks and
falcons which raise their young in northern
latitudes, but which move southerly with the
moving sun. The garrulous crow, which is
gregarious after its brooding, resorts in flocks
of thousands down the Atlantic coast ; the
cuckoo, the friend of solitude : the whip-poor-
will, crying its mandate from the most seques-
tered glens, take wing for more salubrious ,
airs ; and the humming-bird, whose motion ie ;
swifter than the eye can follow, and whose
beauty, like that of blossoms, seems born ol
the untwisted rays of sunlight, flies far towards
the Equator into the realms where the soft
trade-winds blow. The humming-bird has
been caught and confined in conservatories in i
the middle states, but has never lived through
a winter's captivity. It raises two young
birds only in a summer. .1
The amphibious birds follow fast in the wakoj
of the denizens of our woods, swamps and •
meadows. The Canada or wild goose, which
in spring is seen by mj^riads on flight to the
far North — to Anticosti Island, the Mayde
leins, to Bay Chaleure, Labrador, few stopping*
even in Nova Scotia — where they breed, is' t
now departing thence. They arrive on the
Upper Lakes in October, and towards Novem
her they wing past in flocks, keeping in the
course of rivers and streams, to the neighbor'
hood of the inland bays and waters of the
Southern States. Of the ducks, which tako t
warning as the sun crosses the equinox, anc
hasten to the broad lagoons and estuarief
which indent the southeast coast, it is a plea' i
sure to speak and to think. The first in point'
of favor in the cuisine is the canvas-back. This
bird harbors, in winter, principally, on th<
shores of the Chesapeake Bay, and the Santec
Eiver; his home in summer is in the north
west, in the plains and low vales of Britisl
America and Alaska, and around their inleti
warmed by the Pacific gulf stream.
Other ducks, less delicate to the palate bu'
more attractive to the eye, keep pace with
this choice bird in its autumnal pilgrimage
The red-necked, the ring necked, the velvet
the pied, the surf, the golden-eyed, and thii
JMuscovy duck, almost as "good eating," say
southern people, as the canvas-back, are alp
now making haste to put their web feet intc
water which is free from ice shackles. Th(
eider, whose down lines the mantles of em
presses and girdles their fair necks, flies ii
groups of three ; he leaves Labrador by the
first of August and returns there by the firsi
of May, two weeks before the coast is free froni
ice. Tl^ teal, the screaming loon, and thd
long-necked crane, are not far behind the!
ducks in movement. The crane flies by day
THE FRIEND.
149
J I'V night, througb storm and sunshine —
iliing impedes his course ; he arrives at the
;l's in the middle of October.
The American swan, little known on the
^tern coasts, is another bird of migratory
irai-ter. According to Sir John Franklin's
ouiit the swan leaves the Polar Sea about
■ middle of September, and retreats to Hud-
:i's Ba}', where he remains until the middle
; October. There the birds collect into Hocks
twenty or thirty and then proceed on theii-
, V. They rarely follow water-courses like
■ wild geese, but keep inland when travel-
\Z. and general!}- far above the highest
; iks of mountain ranges. The swan is rapid
flight, and when mounted, with the wind
orable, he will travel one hundred miles an
[iir. They prefer the Pacific coast, and they
1 eniblo in winter about the Columbia river,
lending their flight as far south as Oalifor-
;i.
But, besides the numbers of flj'ing fowl
[lich now stream over shore and land, the
3 nosphere above the great oceans teems with
freight of winged creatures passing above
[ 3 •■ multitudinous seas" safely to their home
: winter warmth. And for these
Vainly the fowler's eye
■ Miglit mark ihy distant flight to do thee wrong,
U darkly seen against the crimson sky,
Thy figure floats along."
The great black-backed gull, the lams ma-
ms, is king of all these sea-birds. He is a
ctive of both continents, and his nest is made
J the desolate crags of Labrador and Green-
I id, or on the high, rocky barrens of the Icy
[pe, but his home is miles up in the keen,
b n air, above the lashing waves of the north-
ji waters. There be sails the blue ether,
P itiug like the eagle, leisurely and with ele-
u lee, in proud circles, well knowing that no
cier bird can attain his height. This gull is
» error to all lesser waterfowl, as he makes
Dremitting warfare upon them in destroying
tiiir eggs and unfledged young. '' Even the
3)alsof the finny tribes sink into deeper wa-
t 8 on his approach." He resorts in winter to
ti warm waters around the Bahama Islands
li the Florida Keys. Audubon relates hav-
iii; seen a pair of these gulls there alighting
D a sandbar to which they had flown in from
b I sea ; but they were extremely shy, hover-
ii,; only on the outer edge of the bar towards
b 1 sea.
3at these wild creatures, like many land
bds, become attached to particular places,
al make them afterwards their constant
hints. A story is told of a " scorris," or
yang black-backed gull, which, having been
C)tured, was presented to a gentleman who
liid on the western coast of Scotland. He
n de the j-oung bird sufiiciently tame to in-
die it to return and stay in the ponds within
h grounds during the winter ; in the spring
iicould fly away to the gulls' breeding places
iithe Arctic, but each November, or Decem-
h at latest, having forsaken its mate, it
aun returned to its adopted home, where it
V3 fed during the winter. The gull con-
t aed this practice regularly for thirty j-ears.
Qese birds are voracious, and devour all sorts
o'ood excepting vegetables.
' Che burgomaster gull is found in small
Dnbers. He follows, like many hyperborean
bds, the northwest coast of America, inhab-
iig BaflSn's Bay, the Polar Sea and Green-
1; d, but he is rare in the "United States. The
8 'er gull is more numerous. The Pomeranian
jager is another fierce and destructive water-
fowl. The Arctic jagar, or warrior, files far
towards the Arctic seas; few birds excel this
in length and power of flight. The fulmtir
inhabits the remotest northern fields of our
sphere — possibly bej-ond where latitude" has
any reckoning. Tlie rocky island of St.
Hilda is the oidy locality in British America
which it visits. All those boreal birds subsist
upon the blubber of dead whales and seals and
animal substances oid}-. Sir John Franklin
noticed, during a winter which ho passed at
Melville Island, a pair of ravens which re-
mained there all winter. The intensity of
the cold upon their breath had encrusted
around their necks collars of frostwork, like
great rutHos, which for some time adhered to
them. Thus it appears there are birds which
dwell continually whore " treasures of snow
and treasures of hail are reserved against the
time of troubles." Others hibernate with us,
but they are few. Those of carnivorous na-
ture like the owls; the cross-bill, which subsists
upon the seeds of the pine and spruce, and
the snow bunting, which comes to us from
higher regions as alms-folk, eating the seed
which is scattered from hay around the haj--
ricks, and what may chance to hang in the
heads of flower-stalks which protrude above
the snows. Lucy A. Mills.
Williamstown, Mass., Octoher.
For "The Friend."
Should the Editors of " The Friend" be
willing to republish the following extract from
a letter, which appeared some j-ears ago, writ-
ten by a late deeply experienced Elder, it may
afford instruction and edification to some who
are greatly tried and burdened, by the present
state of things in our religious Society.
After speaking of some who were puffed up
with an idea of their own knowledge in reli-
gious things, and ready to condemn those who
were standing firm for the doctrines of Truth,
and the preservation of the hedge with which
the Head of the Church has enclosed our reli-
gious Society, he continues: —
" Those restless persons, whether in youth
or more advanced, being very confident, gener-
ally despise dominion, and are not afraid to
speak evil of dignities ; and although they
have much to say, may think they have at-
tained to considerable experience, and that
they are called to the ministry ; and frequently
appear in the assemblies of the people under
that character ; yet from the opportunities that
have been afforded, their communications so
far from convincing that they are the channels
for a purer ministry, it is seen and felt in that
gift of discernment which blessed betheLord,
is yet continued to the faithful among us, that
very little or nothing of the anointing power
and healing virtue of the Gospel, flows through
them ; but that an aptitude to declaim, and if
possible to sow the seeds of disesteem and divi-
sion, is prevalent in them : for it is an immu-
table truth, that ministry without baptism is
not Christ's, whatever other class it may fall
under; and although they may tell a great
deal about purity, perfection, and extraordi-
nary enjoyments, they are themselves subject
to the dominion of a self-seeking spirit, which,
working in a mystery, may, through the ve-
hemencyand heat of their creaturely powers,
make as it were, fire to come down from hea-
ven in the sight of men.
Well may it be queried, who shall stand in
this daj' of close conflict between spirit and
s]iirit? Kothing I am sure that belongs to
man, with all bis knowledge and acquirements,
will be a sufficient defence; but it may be that
the faithful are, as heretofore, to bo exorcised
with much silent, painful suffering, having the
sackcloth underneath, and little else to rest
upon than the revelation which at times is gra-
ciously vouchsafed, that the foundation ofiiod
staudethsure, having this seal, the Lord know-
th them that are his. For although wo are
exhorted earnestly to contend iijr the faith once
delivered to the saints, yet as the battle is the
Lord's, the way of overcoming has generally
been more by secret travail under deep abase-
ment, than bj' open contest; and as Friends
simply and humbly keep to His divine power
in their own measures. He will in his own time
make way for the deliverance and reign of his
royal seed, the Spirit of our Lord Jesus Christ.
Lot us my dear friend, not believe every
spirit, for we are told that Satan hath trans-
forinod himself into an angel of light ; and the
groat Head of the church forewarned his dis-
ciples that those should arise, who, if it were
possible would deceive the very elect; having
all the appearance and profession of the true
followers of a vilified and crucified Lord.
Let us keep close to that which in our youth
tendered our hearts, brought us into love with
the way and work of Truth, into near union
with those on whom the care of the churches
rested, and also with the testimonies and sta-
tutes given us as a people to preserve and
maintain inviolate : what fear and care it
wrought, that nothing through us should arise
to cause uneasiness to any, or give occasion
for our elder Friends to be brought under ex-
ercise on our account. Here much fervent love
towards each other was experienced, and we
often felt bound up together in the bundle of
life.
There is a time, and that may now bo, in
the present state of things, that even under
much contradiction and gainsaying, it is need-
ful for the subjects of the Prince of Peace to
keep in retiredness of spirit, to be dumb, and
as it were overcome by a contrary power : but
though thej- may seem thus to bo crushed and
contemptuously trodden upon, they are in the
hollow of His hand, and in the vision of Light
enabled at seasons to realize in their experi-
ence the faith and patience of the saints in
former ages, knowing the incomes of the love
of God, and that the Lamb and his sincere
followers will have the victory.
With much love to thee and thy dear pa-
rents, I remain thj- friend,
Jonathan Evans."
Ashes in the Orchard. — D. W. Kauffman, of
Dos Moines, Iowa, writes to the Iowa Home-
stead that ashes are worth one dollar per
bushel to put about fruit trees, and that he
would not sell his ashes at that price and do
without their use in the orchard. Ho has
used ashes about fruit trees for fifteen years,
and during that time has never seen a borer
where ashes were used. The borer is a ter-
rible pest to the fruit-grower, and if all other
impediments to successful growing wore as
easily overcome and completely controlled as
the borer, then fruit-growing would be very
successfully practised. At the recent meeting
of the Fruit-growers' Association of Ontaria,
Mr. Moodie stated that he had been in the
habit of using unleached ashes as a- manure
for his fruit trees, and that he values them
150
THE FRIEND.
more highly for this purpose than barn-jard
manure. — Late Paper.
For "The Friend."
John neald.
(Continued from page 141.)
In a letter to his beloved friend, Benjamin
Kite, dated 1st mo. 26th, 1818, John Heald
informs him of his prospect of visiting New
England, &c., which had then received the ap-
probation of his Monthly Meeting, and in a
pi'oscript of a later date, after noting the en-
dorsement of his certificate by the Quarterly
Meeting, he adds, "But a train of difficulties
appear to lay in the way, and whether I can
get to your Yearly Meeting I must leave. It
is a very diflicult time here to get that which
will answer to pay debts, &c. with, and what
may be the result I know not — time will de
cide. What cannot be performed must remain
undone, and I intend to be there if I can with
consistency." This allusion to a scarcity of
money brings to mind a passage in one of his
letters a iavr years^ later, in which he inci-
dentally mentions that he was still paying
interest on monej^ he had borrowed to enable
him to perform a religious visit.
It may seem to some a trying situation for
a Friend to be thus straitened in his circum-
stances, and apparently hampered thereby in
his movements; and it is undoubtedly the
duty of meetings and of individuals to enter
into sympathy with such, and to extend hel-p
where needful. In this case, probably, it was
not so much the want of property, as the diffi-
culty of procuring money, that embarrassed
John Heald, and we know not that he ever
omitted a religious service for want of ade-
quate pecuniary means; and the knowledge
that his labors of that kind would require
some previous effort to enable him to perform
them, may have caused him to weigh with
more care the impressions of duty, and to seek
for a clearer sense of the Divine requiring.
The late Joseph Elkiuton was accustomed to
relate an anecdote of one, who, travelling as
a companion to a minister of the Gospel, in-
formed a Friend, at whose house they were
entertained, that he had retired from business,
in order that he might be at liberty to engage
in such services as ho was then rendering.
The Friend replied to him, that he had, to
that extent, disqualified himself— thus con-
veying to him the caution, that there is a de-
gree of safety to many in being so- situated
that it requires a sacrifice to be made before
we can run the Lord's errands. It is an easy
matter for persons of an active temperament,
especially if gifted with a flow of language,
and possessing those qualities which attract
the kindness and attention of others, to find
Bo much that is pleasing to human nature in
travelling abroad in the performance of re-
ligious services, as to induce them to enter on
such labors without having the feeling of the
Apostle when he wrote, "Woe is unto me if I
preach nc^J, the Gospel." They will be the
more easily led to travel about on these "light-
weighted concerns," if they arefreelj- supplied
with money through the liberality of their
friends. If we are not on our guard, we may
in this way weaken our testimony against an
hireling ministry, and our religious Society
may be afflicted with a class of ministers who
are running their own errands, instead of
those of "the Head of the Church. Of such it
will be true in a spiritual sense, that they
have labored in vain and spent their strength
for naught.
The account of this visit is thus commenced:
" On the 30th day of the 3rd mo. 1818, about
10 o'clock, after a tendering opportunity in
my endeared family, I passed on through Red-
stone and over the Allegheny Mountains to
Monallen, the roads very deep and muddy,
which was a cause of much weariness to us
and our horses. Thomas Wickersham was
my companion." A week's travel brought
them to Monallen, where they had the com-
pany of Hinchman Haines, returning from a
religious visit to Ohio. Together they at-
tended a number of meetings, in which they
labored harmoniously. On 4th mo. 9th, at
Huntingdon, J. H. says : "The meeting was
divinely favored. Hinchman had lengthy
labor that I thought was well adapted. 1
had but little to say, though I rejoiced secretly
in the labor, and was thankful for the bless-
ing.
10th. We were at Warrington Meeting.
After a time of silent exercise, Hinchman was
favored to break the way, and I followed for
some time ; after which he entered into a
lengthy solemn supplication, which ended the
meeting. I thought some of the sti'ongest
walls of opposition were broken down that I
had witnessed, and had been engaged in help-
ing to demolish. May the praise be ascribed
to Him who is riches in poverty, and a ready
helper in the needful time.
11th to Newberry. I soon felt a concern to
invite the people to an inward attention, to an
examination of their own conditions. When
I stood up, it seemed only to gather their at-
tention a little, but one thing after another
pressed on, till several were tendered, though
the communication was not long. Soon after
I sat down, Hinchman delivered a long testi-
mony to the sufficiency of the inward gift and
grace of God, and showing forth the opera-
tion and effects of spiritual baptism, of which
water was but a type. After he was done, I
invited them to come up hither and see the
Bride, the Lamb's wife, the redeemed church ;
to come taste and see for themselves the en-
joyment which the faithful partake of."
After attending several other meetings, J.
H. arrived in Philadelphia, and on the 18th
was at the Yearly Meeting of Ministers and
Elders, where Benjamin White opened his
prospect of a religious visit to Great Britain
and Ireland, which was referred for further
consideration to another sitting. In his mem-
oranda of the proceedings of the Yearly Meet-
ing, our friend has preserved the following
caution, which might suggest a useful hint to
some in the present day. "A disposition, I
thought, had manifested itself of enough of
speaking to the cases which came before the
meeting, but this afternoon this increased,
and the unsettledness was trying. At length
the case was concluded for the pi'esent, and
my mind was under no small exercise. Before
the adjournment I observed that I wished for
an improvement. I wished that those who
had been active might be careful to get into
the quiet, and consider what had passed ; see
if the unflattering witness would speak peace
to them. I wished them not to let the even-
ing pass, without viewing over the transac-
tions of the day; soon after which a great
quiet prevailed, and the minute of adjourn-
ment was read.
After the rise of the meeting, he went into
Jersey, and on First-day, the 2(5 th, attended
^g '
a meeting at Moorestown, in which J. H. saj
"I labored in a lengthy way, not so impre
sive or powerful, accompanied with baptizii
weight, as I thought I had known. We lodgi
at Samuel Eoberts', where was Esther Collin
of whose company I was glad. On Secon
day we attended Westfield Meeting. It w
not large, but I soon felt concerned to spea
I began with, ' Is Israel a servant, is he
home-born slave?' The subject of a too eag
pursuit of the world, I entered upon at a co
siderable length, and I thought I was favor
in delivering the testimony. We lodged
Hinchman Haines'. 'Evesham Meetin
the 28th,' was highly favored with impressi
weight and baptizing power, humblingly shi
abroad. We dined at Isaac Haines'. He
we had a religious opportunity, sweetly coi
fortable. Of these opportunities we have h;
several. We went in the evening to X
Haines, Jr.'s. In a later hour we went to 1
father Job's. Here was another precious o
portunitj'.
29th. We attended Easton Meeting. It
continued to be held in a school-house, whi
was nearly full. In the early part I addreea
the audience. I began with : ' Friends, if
meeting was made up of the true followers!
Christ, would you not expect them to be ofti
favored? I think for my part they wouj
Should we not labor to contribute our part*
the happiness of ourselves and oneof anothe '
Horton Howard followed acceptably, and aftj
him, I again added until near the close,
was hard and trying labor, but near the cl(
it became very pleasant and solemn. i
30th. After lodging at Josiah Eeeve's. ^<i
were at Upper Evesham. Here was a lai3|
meeting collected; we sat down, but there vi
poverty enough, and it seemed to reign j
silence ; but I found a concern to stand up at
say, ' Friends I do not know that I can preaa
to you, but I seem disposed to exhort a littJ
I asked. Can it be necessary to tell you c'
and over again, what you know you sho
do? To know what should be done, and
gleet to do it, this is cause of poverty, for
is withholding more than is meet, wh
tendeth to poverty ; and this poverty spra
so that the devoted, dedicated ones are mi
to partake thereof, and even the children, ■«
have not yet learned to labor for neceasj
support. We know that as relates to thee
ward, there are some who are not capabli
labor for their outward support ; so [it is
to labor for that bread that nourishes the
to everlasting life. It is possible I may
mistaken, but poverty seems to me to prev
I have no doubt but, in the dispensation!
Providence, the faithful are made to parti
of poverty. This puts upon search to kE
why it is so, and this proves a blessing
them, and tends to keep them watchful
attentive. But to wait to be told to att
to what we know should be done, povert;
increased thereby."
;
(To be continned.)
"SOWING HIS WILD-OATS."
SelMl
"Sowing his wild-oats," aye! sowing them deep
In the heart of a mother to blossom in tears,
And shadow with grief the decline of her years.
" Sowing his wild-oats," to silver the head
Of the sire who watched his fir-st pulse-throb with;
And whose voice went to heaven in prayer for his
" Sowing his wild-oats" to spring up and choke
The flowers in the garden of a sister, wliose love
Is as pure and as bright as the blue sky above.
I-
THE FRIEND.
151
For "The Friend."
Niagara.
visit to Niagara a few weeks ago, during
most delightful of all our seasons, when
trees were changing their summer garb
jiJLhe richer tints of autumn, induced the
)l(wing lines. While I am sensible thej'
lit lonvey adull apprehension of the re-
li'- , if 1 should succeed in investing the
u cet with any fresh interest, and rendering
b -a me more attractive, I shall be amply com-
0 -ati'd.
S, Buckingham, has drawn a more lively
it ui' in his truthful and beautiful poem,
ten in 1838, than I have seen elsewhere
iber compositions. In these stirring lines,
hich is blended the value of accurate de-
ition with the life of true genius, are to bo
d some of the best thoughts in our liter-
9, in which this marvellous work of the
ighty ismade to join, as with the beholder,
ilebrating the power and perfection of the
nal Architect.
T diadem is an emerald green of the clearest, purest
me,
)und with waves of snow-white foam and spray of
feathery dew,
e tresses of the brightest pearls, float o'er thy ample
heet,
the rainbow lays its gorgeous gems in tribute at
hy feet.
reign is of the ancient days — thy sceptre from on
ligh ;
birth \Yas when the morning stars first looked from
onder sky ;
3un, the moon, and all the orbs that shine upon
hee now,
.he first wreath of glory that entwined thy infant
)row.
who can see thy incense rise, or hear thy torrents
■oar,
not bow before the God of all to worship and
idore.
e ocean be as nothing in the hollow of Thy hand,
the stars that crown the heavens, in Thy balance,
grains of sand ;
iagara's rolling flood seems great to us who lowly
K)W,
[Teat Greater of the whole ! how passing great art
Thou."
speaking of Niagara, it may truly be
the Divine Architect has stamped upon
ich a manifestation of His power and
isty that language cannot fully describe it,
her can it be reproduced by the genius
:t.
bis crowning waterfall must be seen to be
^rstood, and to be felt must be studied in
wn overwhelming presence. A compre-
iive sense of its true grandeur and glory
only thus be known, as the beholder comes
re it face to face, hears its voice nowhere
heard, speaking from the rock and the
J8. No painting, however full in its de-
, can truly represent it. The grandeur
power in which nature has clothed it, is
le felt only before its own rocky altar,
rushing, leaping, roaring flood above the
and the fearful plunge of such a river as
jara, into the deep unexplored channel
1 w ; the language of power which the irre-
?ble torrent proclaims ; that bright fleecy
k')py of mist, and rainbow glory ; all these
) more cannot be taken from their dwelling
ie, but must be seen and felt there, if seen
) felt at all.
1 the rich scene spread out before us by
:Umighty Creator to incite our admiration
I lift our thoughts heavenward, is there any
\'.T object which can be closely seen and
iprehended, that jnakes upon the senses a
more profound impression. Born into nature's
ro}-al household, that all who shouki look upon
it, might see therein a revelation of the Infi-
nite power that called all things into being,
and rejoicing in their comprehensiveness and
perfection, Icurii the valuable lesson to regard
ourselves, and all the works of our hands, as
but the dust of the balance in compari.son
therewith. Numbering its visitors out of all
the generations that have come and passed
away for ages, are we not animated and re-
freshed with the remembrance that thy min-
istrations and teachings have been from the
beginning; all who love instruction in nature's
sanctuary come freely from all the earth, of
whatever people or language, and worship at
thy altar; thy voice is the same it ever was,
pointing the savage and the civilized to the
one inexhaustible Fountain of wisdom and
knowledge : all, all of whatever class, are
bowed into self-nothingness before thee!
It has been estimated, that fifteen hundred
millions of cubic feet per minute, or one million
two hundred thousand tons per hour pass over
the falls. A river of such extent, large enough
to float the shipping of any one of our ports,
plunging over a precipice of IGO feet, presents
to the mind a reality at once su'blime and ter-
rible. That the fall should not be heard for
many miles, without reference to the direction
of the vyind, is a surprise to very manj^ visi-
tors. The density of the atmosphere, modifies
the sound remarkably ; and others approach
with extravagant expectations, and are dis-
appointed that the sound is not deafening,
llence astonishment is often upon the lips of
visitors, stopping at a neighboring hotel, or
walking within a square or two of the rapids
or the fall itself, to find a low voice in con-
versation may be heard, or even the gentle
whisper of the passing breeze. Such, however,
is the case when the wind is not favorable ;
and this was my experience ; but passing over
to the Canada side, where the breeze met our
faces, the effect was wonderfully changed, and
yet the sound was not so overpowering as
our anticipations had prepared tis to realize.
Though the air was filled with the voice of
struggling waters, other sounds were heard ;
we talked without etfort, even when within a
fewfeetof the cataract. Theeffectsareaboutas
various as are the minds and temperaments of
individuals. The m'brning with its clear air,'be-
fore the dampness that has been distilling into
dew has passed away, or at night when other
sounds are asleep, is the time to hear Niagara
in her fullest expression. When we take into
our thoughts the whole pioture, Niagara,
where the awful leap is made ; or above,
fiercely contending among the rocks, and
sweeping onward with inconceivable power ;
may we not wonder that any other voice
could be heard in her presence. I think manj'
who have loved to look upon this marvellous
work of the Almighty will acknowledge, that
as the mind becomes filled with the subject,
will the ear be also filled to the exclusion of
other voices, with the wondrous language of
nature speaking there from the rock in her
watery armor.
(To be concluded.)
Let him that thinketh he standeth take
heed lest he fall ;" for unassisted human
strength is utterly unable to aff'ord adequate
support in the hour of temptation or weak-
ness. We are only so far safe, when we depend
on a mightier arm than our own for support.
THE FRIEND.
TWELFTH MONTH 27, 1S73.
It has always been considered a matter of
importance with Friends, that their children
should be early initiated into a knowledge
of the contents of the Holy Scriptures ; in
order that they may become familiar with the
blessed truths therein recorded ; especially in
reference to the coming, life, sufferings and
death of Jesus Christ, the Saviour of the
world. But they have been very far from
believing that the knowledge thus obtained,
could, of itself, have the efl'ect of working out
the salvation of the soul, or, that imparling
this knowledge, constituted a religious educa-
tion.
George Fox, speaking of tiie religious duty
laid upon him, saj's, " I was made to warn
masters and mistresses, fathers and mothers,
in private families, to lake care that their
children and servants might be trained up in
the fear of the Lord, and that themselves should
be patterns of sobriety and virtue to them.
For I saw, that as the. Jews were to teach
their children the law of God, the old cove-
nant, and to train them up in it ; yea, the
very strangers were to keep the Sabbath
among them, and be circumcised before they
might eat of their sacrifices ; so all that made
a profession of Christianity, ought to train up
their children and servants in the new covenant
of life, Christ Jestis, who is God's salvation to
the ends of the earth ; that all may know their
salvation. And they ought to train them up
in the law of life, the law of the Spirit, the law
of love and faith, that they might be made free
from the law of sin and death. And all Chris-
tians ought to be circumcised by the Spirit,
which puts off the body of the sins of the flesh,
that they may come to eat of the heavenly
sacrifice, Christ Jesus; that true spiritual food,
which none can rightly feed upon, but they thai
are circumcised by the Spirit."
Here the kind of religious teaching and
training that is needed, for rightly bringing
up children, is clearly set forth ; instructing
them in the spirit and privileges of the new
covenant ; wherein the Law of the Spirit of
life in Christ Jesus, is written on the tablet of
the heart. How essentially different from
teaching the mere letter of the Scriptures,
inducing them to say thej' believe in and love
that Saviour who died for them, and giving
them to suppose that by so saying they are
safe. It is by childlike obedience to this Law
of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus, that any
or all saving knowledge of God and of his dear
Son, as our Saviour, our sin-bearer and our
Mediator, is to be availingly acquired. The
Scripttires testify of Him, and of this — and
exceedingly precious are they, especially to
the man of God — but children and grown
people may study the Scriptures, and com-
ment upon them from youth to old age, may
persuade themselves that in them they have
eternal life, and may say a great deal about
Christ in all his outward offices, as.well as of
the Holy Spirit, and yet never come to Christ
himself that they might have life.
To find and believe in Christ Jesus avail-
ingly, we must come to him as he reveals
himself by his Hol^- Spirit to the soul. All
other knowledge of Him, and of his blessed
offices, revealed through flesh and blood, is, of
itself, powerless to save the soul ; to cause it
152
THE FRIEND.
to experience the washing of regeneration,
and the renewing of the Holy Ghost; whereby
it is reconciled to God through the death of
his Son, justified, sanctified and made meet for
the kingdom of heaven. Hence Satan is well
satisfied when he can succeed in occupying
the attention of those who are " seeking" to
enter the kingdom by literal, outside know-
ledge, by a strong and fervent belief in Christ,
begotten merely by their own reasoning or
force of understanding ; and thus keep them
from the inward, convicting, crucifying, trans-
forming work of the law of the Spirit of life,
which alone can set free from the law of sin
and death, under which he holds them. Thus
it is in this day, as in the days when our Sa-
viour declared to his disciples, Many shall
seek to enter in at the strait gale and shall not
be able; also, "Many shall say to me in that
day. Lord, Lord ! have we not prophesied [or
preached] in thy name ? and in thj' name have
east out devils ; and in thy name done manj'
wondei'ful works? And then will I profess
unto them, 1 never knew you: depart from me,
ye that work iniquity."
A heavy burden was laid upon the first mem-
bers of the religious Society of Friends, to
bear testimony against those who profess-
ed much in regard to the religion obtained
through the Scriptures ; who said tboy were
their rule of faith and practice, and who
largely used the words of the prophets, of
Christ and of his apostles ; but who evidently
did not live in the Spirit that inspired the
holy men who wrote the Scriptures. Thej-
testified that such never could rightl}' under-
stand the sacred truths recorded in them, let
alone teach those truths to others ; and lliey
declared, that so long as anj' refused to be
searched by the Light of Christ; to have all
their words and deeds brought to this Light,
and their understandings enlightened thereby,
the mysteries of Christ's teachings would be
a sealed book to them.
Of what immeasurable importance is it then,
that in the education of children, they should
be early imbued with a knowledge of this in-
speaking voice of the Holy Spirit, and incited
to unreserved obedience thereto ; that they
should be trained up (to use the words of G.
Fox) "In the new covenant of light, Christ
Jesus * * in the law of life, the law of
the Spirit ; the law of faith and love, that they
may be made free from the law of sin and
death." And how awful is the responsibility
of those, who by exalting the Scriptures above
what they claim for themselves, and holding
out the idea that, by the study of them alone,
we may become wise unto salvation ; set them
above the blessed visitations of the Day Spring
from on high, and draw away the attention
from the Spirit that maketh alive, substitut-
ing therefor the letter, which of itself killeth.
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
Foreign. — The steamer Virginius has been surren-
dered to the United States by the Cuban authorities,
and the surviving passengers and crew were, on the
19th inst., delivered to Commander Braine, of the U.
States steamship Juniata. They were sent on board
that ve.sse], which soon after took her departure for New
York.^ Wlien the Virginius reaches Washington, an
investigation will be ordered to ascertain whetlier slie
had a riglit to carry the United States flag.
A column of 500 Spaniards, wliich was sent out to
surprise a depot of arms and ammunition belonging to
the Cidjan insurgents, fell into an ambuscade prepared
for them. Only aliout one hundred Spaniards escaped,
all the rest being killed or captured.
The French Assembly lias passed a bill increasing
the salary of President MacMahon, in order to enable
him to give fetes at Paris. This action does not imply
the removal of the national capital to Paris. A rumor
is current that in consequence of the successes of the
Republicans in the late supplementary elections for
members of the Assembly, the Right has resolved to
propose an alteration of the sutTrage law, by which four
millions of voters will be deprived of the franchise.
On the 10th inst., a terrible storm visited Scotland
and the north of England. In Glasgow, Sheffield,
Leeds, Halifax, Drewsbury and Nottingham, gre.at
damage was done and many lives were lost. In Leed.«
alone, property to the amount of $500,000 was destroy-
ed. The destruction was serious in many other places,
and the shipping sufiered severely at Newcastle and
Shields.
Advices from Cape Coast Castle report that General
Wolseley had recovered his health and resumed active
duty. During his illness the war was at a stand still,
and movements had since been made difficult owing to
the large number of sick. The authorities at Madeira
objected to the establishment there of a .sanitarium for
British soldiers stricken with fever. About one hun-
dred of the invalids have been sent to St. Helena. The
King of Dahomey has joined the Ashantees.
An official inquiry will be made at Greenwich into
the causes of the collision between the Loch Earn and
the French steamer Ville du Havre.
An ordinance has been officially promulgated at
Berlin, ordering that in future all bishops, upon their
installation, shall solemnly engage to maintain the com-
pletest subordination to the State, and to co-operate in
the supi'iression of all disloyal intrigues.
The Papal Nuncio at Paris has been notified that the
Archbishops of Paris, Cambray and Valencia, have
been created Cardinals.
A Singapore dispatch of the 17th says, the Dutch
forces which lately landed on the coast of Acheen have
had an engagement with the Sultan's army and de-
feated it.
A council of war has been appointed in Madrid to
examine a plan of a campaign for the complete crush-
ing of the Cuban rebellion.
Fifty arrests have been made at Barcelona of persons
engaged in the recent demonstration in favor of declar-
ing Barcelona independent.
A Bayonne dispatch announces the capture of Berga
by the Carlists.
The bombardment of Cartagena continues. Pardon
is ofl'ered to all who surrender. The insurgents are still
able to obtain provisions, but their ammunition is said
to be failing. The besieging forces have occupied part
of the suburbs. On the '20th the insurgents made
several .sorties, but were driven back each time. Many
of them are deserting.
A Madrid dispatch says that the United States Min-
ister, General Sickles, has determined to tender his
resignation.
A Berlin disp.atch says: The Emperor William has
had a slight stroke of apoplexy, which causes much
anxiety.
A Calcutta dispatch of the '20lh says : One half of the
supply of food in the province of Bengal has been ex-
hausted, and it is now believed that famine cannot be
averted. Thus far there had been no actual suffering
among the people.
A Penang dispatch of the 20th says: The Dutch
troops in Acheen are now in possession of all the coun-
try on the left si^e of the Acheen river. The Dutch
meet with strong resistance on their march.
Liverpool, 12th mo. 20th. — Uplands cotton 8]d. ;
Orleans, ?,';d. a 8|rf.
United States. — The number of interments in
Philadelphia last week was 256. At the election in
this city on the 16th inst., 84,108 votes were polled, viz:
59,114 for the new constitution, and 24,994 against it.
The majority in the State of Pennsylvania in favor of
the new constitution is very large.
The number of interments in New Y'ork last week
was 4G4.
The two Houses of Congress on the 19th inst., ad-
journed till the 6th of next month. A bill appropria-
ting $5,000,000 for the recent unusual expenditures in
the navy, p:is.sed both Houses. A bill for the repeal of
the bankrupt law has passed the House of Representa-
tives by a large majority. It is believed that the Senate
will not agree to a total repeal of the law, but prefer
amen<ling it in such particulars as will guard the debtor
from the exactions of a small minority of his creditors,
leaving the question of involuntary bankruptcy to be
determined by those more largely interested. A bill to
redeem the loan of 1858 has passed the House, and also
a substitute for that of last session providing for an in-
crease of the salaries of members of Congress and
others. Members of Congress are to receive $6000 ai
travelling expenses, annually, in full of all compens \
tion, and the Vice President and Speaker $8000.
A deficiency in revenue being anticipated, the Hea
of Departments have been requested by Congress to i \
vise the estimates of expenditures and reduce them
the smallest amounts possible. It is believed that t .
estimates for work on public buildings, fortificatior
improvements of harbors, &c., can be reduced mai, L
millions of dollars. _ _ I
It is now said that the steamer Virginius at the tir ,i
of her capture, had forfeited the right to bear the tl
of the United States and carried it unlawfully, and al
that her clearance papers were obtained by perjury.
The Pacific division, 115 miles in length, of t
Northern Pacific Railroad, was finished on the 17
inst. This completes the rail connection between t
Columbia River and Taconia, the Puget Sound tern
IS.
Governor Booth, of California, in his late message
the Legislature, calls attention to the glaring evils ar
ing from the Chinese immigration. If it continues
a large scale it will, he thinks, change the relations
capital to labor, and modify the character of the p
vailing civilization. He expres.ses the belief that il
the general sentiment of the people of the State, tl
while the Chinese who are here, or who may coi
under the stipulations of the treaty with China, shoi
be protected from violence and persecution, the Gene
Government should call'for such a re-adjustment of i
treaty as will restrain their further immigration.
The Markets, &c. — The following were the quotatii i
on the 20th inst. New York. — American gold, 11.
U. S. sixes, 1881, reg. 115, coupons, 118J ; ditto, 18, i
117 ; ditto, five per cents, llOJ. Superfine flour. Si
$6.20; State extra, $6.55 a »6.85; finer brands, Si,
$10.50. White India wheat, $1.75 ; red western, SI. ; I
No. 2 Chicago spring, $1.52. Canada barley, $1.' •
western, $1.42. Oats, 57 a 60 cts. Western mi;;i|
corn, 80 a 82 cts. ; new do., 78 a 80 cts. ; white, 86 .. ,
Philadelphia.— Cotton, 16i a 17| cts. for uplands A'
New Orleans Refining sugar, 7| a 7^ cts. Super ;
flour, $5 a $5.75 ; extras, $6 a $6.75 ; finer brands, > i
$10.25. White wheat, $1.70 a $1.85; amber, Sl.ei
$1.68 ; red, $1.55 a $1.60. Rye, 95 cts. Yellow ec i,
78 a 80 cts. Oats, 53 a 58 cts. Smoked hams, 1 1
13 cts. Lard, 8i a 8| cts. Clover seed, 8 a 95 .
Baltimore. — Choice white wheat, $1.85 a $1.87 ; chi e
amber, $1.85 a $1.88 ; good to prime red, $1.70 a $1 1;
Pennsylvania do., $1.65 a $1.70 ; western, $1.55 a #1 I.
Oats, 50 a 55 cts. Cincinnati.— \N'bea.t, $1.47 a SI I.
New corn, 53 a 54 cts. ; old, 58 cts. Oats, 43 a 50 s.
Lard, ii\ a 8J cts.
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
As the stations of Superintendent and Matron of -
Institution are expected to be vacated at the close >'
Winter Session, in the 4th month next. Friend-
may feel drawn to undertake the duties attaches j
them, are requested to communicate thereon with eii r
of the following named members of the Committee.
Nathaniel N. Stokes, Cinnaminson Post-ol >,
Burlington Co., N. .1.
Charles Evans, No. 702 Race St., Philadelpl ,
Deborah Rhoads, Haddon field, N. J.
Rebecca S. Allen, No. 335 S. Fifth St., Phiti.l
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE I
Near Frankford, {Twenty-third Ward,) Philadelph .
Physician and Superintendent — JosHDA H. Woe I-
INOTON, M. D. I
Applications for the Admission of Patients ma;iel
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Boar f
Managers.
Died, on the 26th of the 8th month, 1873, Mar\[.|
Needles, widow of Edward Needles, in the 86th ):x\
of her age. I
, on the 25th of 9th month, 1873, at the residi* I
of her son, Joshua B. Lippincott, Sarah LiPPiNCifi'
aged 84 years.
, "on the 26th of 11th month, 1873, A:i
MiLNOR, aged 85 year.s, all esteemed members of i«
Monthly Meeting of Friends of Philadelphia, for i9
Western District.
, on the 4th of Twelfth month, 1873, IsR L
Franklin Whitall, in the 79lh year of his ag a
much esteemed member of Gwynnedd Monthly Mi>
ing of Friend.s, Pa. Trusting in the Lord, his end i
peace.
WILLIAM H. PILE, PEINfER.
No. 422 Walnut Street.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL,
VOL. XLVII.
SEVENTH-DAY, FIRST MONTH 3, 1874.
NO. 20.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
lice Two Dollars per annum, if paid in advance. Two
dollars and fifty cents, if not paid in advance.
Subscriptions &nd Payments recelTed bj
JOHN S. STOKES,
4T NO. 116 NORTH FOURTH STREET, DP STAIRS,
PHILADELPHIA.
ntage, when paid quarterly in .advance, five cents.
Comets.
METEORIC STONES.
(Continued from page 132.
(22.) 1860, May 1.— About 20 minutes he-
re 1 o'clock, p. M., a shower of meteoric
ones fell in the southwest corner of Guern-
ijr county, Ohio. Full accounts of the phe-
jmena are given in Silliman's Journal for
ily, 1860, and January and July, 1861, by
pofessors E. B. Andrews, E. W. Evans, J. L.
nith, and D. W. Johnson. P'rom these in-
resting papers we learn that the course of
e meteor was about 40° west of north. Its
sible track w.is over Washington and Noble
unties, and the prolongation of its projection,
1 the earth's surface, passes directly through
ew Concord, in the southeast corner of
nskingum county. The meteor when first
ien was about 40 miles from the earth's sur-
ce. The sky, at the time, was for the most
;.rt covered with clouds over northwestern
'tiio, so that if any portion of the meteoric
asa continued on its course it was invisible.
'le velocity of the meteor, in relation to the
irth's surface, was from three to four miles
J r second; and hence its absolute velocity in
te solar system must have been somewhat
joater than that of the earth.
t"At New Concord, Muskingum county,
■aere the meteoiic stones fell, and in the im-
udiato neighborhood, there were many dis-
iict and loud reports heard. At New Con-
<rd there was first heard in the sky, a little
tatheast of the zenith, a loud detonation,
'lich was compared to that of a cannon fii-ed
! the distance of half a mile. After an in-
trval of ten seconds, another similar report.
. 'ter two or three seconds another, and so on
^ th diminishing intervals. Twenty-three
(itinct detonations were heard, after which
tB sounds became blended together and were
trnpared to the rattling fire of an awkward
fiad of soldiers, and by others to the roar of
irailway train. These sounds, with their
i^erberations, are thought to have continued
ii' two minutes. The last sounds seemed to
cue from a point in the southeast 45° below
t) zenith. The result of this cannonading
^8 the falling of a large number of stony
I'teorites upon an area of about 10 miles long
I 3 wide. The sky was cloudy, but some of I
. t) stones were seen first as ' black specks,'!
then as ' black iiirds,' and finally- falling to the
ground. A lew were picked up within 20 or
30 minutes. The warmest was no warmer
than if it had lain on the ground exposed to
the sun's raj's. They penetrated the earth
from two to three feet. The largest stone,
which weighed 10,3 pounds, struck the earth
at the foot of a largo oak-tree, and, after cut-
ting off two roots, one five inches in diameter,
and grazing a third root, it descended two
feet ten inches into hard claj*. This stone
was found resting under a root that was not
cut off. This would seemingly imply that it
entered the earth obliquely."
Over thirty of the stones which fell were
discovered, while doubtless many, especially
of the smaller, being deeply buried beneath
the soil, entirely escaped observation. The
weight of the largest ten was 418 pounds.
(23.) 1860, July 14.— About 2 o'clock p. m.
on the 14th of July, 1860, a shower of aerolites
fell at Dhurmsala, in India™ The fall was at-
tended by a tremendous detonation, which
<i;reatly terrified the inhabitants of the district.
The natives, supposing the stones to have been
thrown by some of their deities from the sum-
mit of the Himalayas, carried off many frag-
ments to be kept as objects of religious vene-
ration. Lord Canning and J. R. Saunders suc-
ceeded, however, in obtaining numerous speci-
mens, which they forwarded to the British
Museum and several European cabinets. They
are earthy aerolites, of a specific gravity some-
what greater than that of granite.
(24.) 1864, May 14. — Early in the evening
a verj' large and brilliant meteor was seen in
Fi-ance, from Paris to the Spanish border. At
Montauban and in the vicinity loud explo-
sions were heard, which were followed by
showers of meteoric stones near the villages
of Orgueil and Nohic. The principal facts in
regard to the meteor are the following:
Elevation when first seen, over . . . -55 miles
" at the time of its explosion . 20 "
Inclination of its path to the horizon . 20° or 25°
Velocity per second, about .... 20 miles,
or equal to that of the earth's orbital motion.
" This example," says Professor Newton,
" affords the sti-ongest proof that the detona-
ting and stone-producing meteors are phe-
nomena not essentially unlike."
(25.) 1868, Januari/ 30. — It is obviously a
matter of much importance that the composi-
tion and general characteristics of aerolites,
together with the phenomena attending their
fall, should be carefully noted; as such facts
have a direct bearing on the theory of their
origin. In this regard the memoirs of Pro-
fessors J. G. Gallo, of Breslau, and G. Vom
Rath, of Bonn, on a meteoric fall which oc-
curred at Pnltusk, Poland, on the 30th of
January, 1868, have more than ordinary in-
terest. These memoirs establish the fact that
the aerolites of the Pultusk shower entered our
atmosphere as a swarm or cluster of distinct
meteoric masses. It is shown, moreover, by
Dr. Galle that this meteor-group had a pro-
per motion when it entered the solar sj'stom
of at least from 4; to 7 miles per second.
The foregoing list contains but a small pro-
portion of the meteoric stones whoso fall has
been actually observed. But, besides these,
other masses have been found so closely similar
in structure to aerolites whose descent has
been witnessed, as to leave no doubt in regard
to their origin. One of these is a mass of iron
and nickel, weighing 1080 pounds, found by
the traveller Pallas, in 1749, at Abakansk, in
Siberia. This immense aerolite may be seen
in the Imperial Museum at St. Petersburg.
On the plain of Otumpa, in Buenos Ayres, is
a meteoric mass 7* feet in length, partly
buried in the ground. Its estimated weight
is about IC tons. A specimen of this stone,
weighing 1400 pounds, has been removed and
deposited in one of the rooms of the British
Museum. A similar block, of meteoric origin,
weighing more than six tons, was discovered
some years since in the province of Bahia, in
Brazil.
SnOOTING-STARS. — METEORS OP NOVEMBER 14.
Althotigh shooting-stars have doubtless been
observed in all ages of the world, it is only
within the last half century that they have
attracted the special attention of scientific
men. A few efforts had been made to deter-
mine the height of such meteors, but the first
general interest in the subject was excited by
the brilliant meteoric display of November
13, 1833. This shower of fire can never be
forgotten by those who witnessed it. The
meteors were observed from the West Indies
to British America, and from 60^ to 100° west
longitude from Greenwich. As early as 10
o'clock in the evening of the 12th, shooting-
stars were observed with unusual frequency ;
their motions being generally westward. Soon
after midnight their numbers became so ex-
traordinary as to attract the attention of all
who happened to be in the open air. The
meteors, however, became more and more
numerous till 4, or half past 4 o'clock; and
the fall did not entirel}- cease till ton minutes
before sunrise. Fi-om 2 to 6 o'clock the num-
bers were so great as to defy all efforts at
counting them; while their brilliancy was such
that poi'sons sleeping in rooms with uncur-
tained windows were aroused by their light.
The meteors varied in apparent magnitude
from the smallest visible points to fire-balls
equaling the moon in diameter. Occasionally
one of the larger class would separate into
several parts, and in some instances a lumin-
ous train remained visible for three or four
minutes. No sound whatever accompanied
the display. It was noticed by many observers
that ail the meteors diverged from a point
near the star Gamma Leonis ; in other words,
their paths if traced backward would inter-
sect each other at a particular locality in the
constellation Leo. In some parts of the coun-
try the inhabitants were completely terror-
stricken by the magnificence of the display.
154
THE FRIEND.
1
In the afternoon of the day on which the
shower occnrred the writer met with an illiter-
ate farmer who, after describing the phe-
nomena as witnessed by himself, remarked
that "the stars continued to fall till none
were left," and added, " I am anxious to see
how the heavens will appear this evening; I
believe we shall see no more stars." A gentle-
man of South Carolina described the effect on
the negroes of his plantation as follows : — " 1
was suddenly awakened by the most distress-
ing cries that ever fell on my ears. Shrieks
of horror and cries for mercy I could hear
from most of the negroes of the three planta-
tions, amounting in all to about 600 or 800.
While earnestly listening for the cause I heard
a faint voice near the door, calling my name.
1 arose, and, opened the door, and it is diffi-
cult to say which excited me the most, — the
awful ness of the scene, or the distres.sed cries
of the negroes. Upwards of a hundred lay
prostrate on the ground, — some speechless,
and some with the bitterest erie,s, but with
their hands raised, imploring God to save the
world and them. The scene was truly awful ;
for never did rain fall much thicker than the
meteors fell towards the earth ; east, west,
north, and south, it was the same."
(To be continued.)
For "Tlio Friend."
Memoirs and Letters of Sarah Hillman.
(ContinueiJ from page 140.)
" 1820, 11th mo. 19th. There is that which
scattereth, and yet increaseth ; and there is
that which withholdeth more than is meet,
which tendeth to poverty. From either of
these errors may preservation be realized
through simple attention to the Spirit of
Christ Jesus ; that thus the stripes, consequent
on disobedience, may not be given. Oh ! the
spirit is willing to do the Master's will, but
how weak is the flesh ! He who took upon
him our infirmities knoweth our weaknesses,
and compassionates them ; or truly some feeble
ones might conclude, ' There is no hope.' It
is indeed of the Lord's mercies that we are
spared in the land of the living. For after
being made sensible of deep poverty and un-
worthiness, He yet strengthens again to look
toward his holy temple; and is pleased from
time to time to console our spirits with this
blessed evidence. The Lord is in his holy
temple ; let all rejoice in the greatness of his
excellency. O my soul, trust thou in God !
Thou hast indeed tasted of his goodness ; and
although thou hast often to mourn the absence
of thy Beloved, maj-cst thou still trust in the
promise, 'He will come, and will not tarry.'
Thou hast long labored under an awful ap-
prehension of being called publicly to advo-
cate the blessed cause of Truth and righteous-
ness, but yet feelest many fears. Oh ! that
my heavenly Father would condescend to un-
told to my poor mind with undoubtable clear-
ness his blessed will ; and furnish with ability
as well as willingness to bear or to suffer all
the turnings of his hand upon me. This is all
my desire. Preserve me, O Lord ! from the
power of the lion and of the bear, that so thy
holy Name may be glorified by me. Thou
knowest that I love thee, and desire to serve
thee. Yea, thou knowest all things ; who only
art acquainted with the secret exercise and
travail of my poor soul. O, dearest Father!
thou only canst aid me to make war in right-
eousness, and also enable to become victorious.
Sensible of tho need of thy aid continually, J
pray for ability from thee to labor I Make
me as a hired servant in thy house, if haply a
mansion may but be prepared for me, even
the least and lowest in thy kingdom.
1821. Fourth month. I have no prospect
of keeping a regular diary ; but just at some
seasons, when a liberty is felt, to pen some of
the feelings and sentiments of my heart. Not
because I think remarks that may be penned
likely to prove edifying to any, but from a
hope to benefit myself, by comparing notes in
my spiritual progress. Perhaps theie was a
time wherein my situation more resembled
the heath in the desert, than for some lime
past ; yet I crave to be kept in the path of self-
denial ; and crave also for ability to possess
my soul in patience. He who cannot lie, bath
promised to be strength in weakness ; and that
He will never leave those who put their trust
ill Him.
1822. 11th mo. 30th, shows a lapse of many
months ; during which much might have been
written but there was not strength at seasons
to perform the task through bodily indisposi-
tion ; at others the mental faculties were in-
capable of action. But now being once more
permitted to feel a little spring of life, I gladl}'
forego the pleasures of society, for the more
consolatory one of retirement, wherein the
sou! may enjoy communion with God.
How oft might we participate in this blessed
fellowship, but that we bow to earth, instead
of keeping our minds directed to their proper
centre, and having our eye steadily fixed on
that eternal weight of glory, in reserve for
those who fight the good fight of faith and
lay hold on eternal life. My soul, how art
thou busied? Thou hast been raised frnm the
bed of sickness to a degree of health, for the
purpose of bringing glory to thy HeavenI}'
Father by an unreserved dedication of thy
time and talents to His service! Yet thou
remainest inactive; and why? because thou
listenest to the insinuations of the potent
enemy, who would persuade that thou art too
weak to do any thing that can advance the
cause of Truth ; that blessed cause which thou
hast felt to be dear from infantile j'cars ; and
which thou hast believed thyself called to es-
pouse even publicly, although sensible of the
truth of the dear Master's testimony, that
without Him we can do nothing. Neverthe-
less, being assured also that through His
Spirit strengthening us, we can do all things,
1 desire, above every other consideration, to
obtain mercy, and to be found faithful, even
though it be my lot to go down into deep suf-
fering; yea, seven times into Jordan, if, dear-
est l-'ather, thy divine arm be underneath,
and thy seal bo upon my movement! This
will bo enough. To bo thy faithful, devoted
servant is my earnest desire; that so glory
may redound to Thy ever adorable name
now and forever. Yea, my soul can testify
that Thou art good, and doest good. O! teach
me thy statutes. What shall I render unto
Thee for thy many mercies conferred upon
the least of thj^ flock? Oh ! enable to say, 1
will take the cup of salvati(m, and call upon
thy name in the presence of all thy people;
and will pay all my vows. Thou alone know-
est what these are, and what Thou hast been
calling for at my hands ; and Thou only canst
enable me to ])erform Thy blessed will. To
Thee therefore, dearest Father, may mine eye
be ever directed, oven as the eye of a maid
unto her mistress ; that thy will may be per-
fected."
Surely no one can turn from the seriouf
perusal of the latter part of the foregoing
memoranda, without feeling his or her liearl
warmed and instructed, if not likewise en-
amored by worth}^ thoughts of that match'
less, unwearied Lord that planned our redemp,
tion, and caused the Saviour's humiliating'
life on earth, as well as ignominious death — '
the shedding of His most precious, efficacious'
blood — that so through the leavening, trans-
forming oper.;tion of his Holy Spirit — the
washing of regeneration and the renewing o:
the Holy Ghost — the heart and affections o
His creature, man, might be brought into suci
sweet and willing subjection to His blessec
and holy will as is manifest in the case bef jn
us. With her the expressive, living testimonj
seems to be, "Abba, Father !" Thy will b(
done in all things concerning me. Oh ! liov
this brokenness and childlikeness, this ten
der, contrite, humble, teachable state, tends t'
prepare the way of the Lord, and make bi
paths straight within us. How will He ii
richest grace and mercy condescend to, am
come into such a heart, and set up His right
eous, glorious kingdom there, and dwell an
reign as King of peace ; while of the increas
of this government and peace there shall b
no end. Proving to such willing and obedien
souls that He is indeed "Emmanuel," " Go
with us" — a Saviour nigh at hand — a E(
deemer that hears and answers prayer — a
ever present Comforter and guide into a
truth. These, as the Good Shepherd, He wil
guard, and feed, and strengthen, after ih
power of an endless life, because His compaf
sions fail not. These, He will more and mor
manifest himself to, and perfect His work it
These shall increase their joy in the Lore
and experimentally rejoice in the Holy On
of Israel, their Saviour. These, the Lor
Jesus through the life and power of his Hoi
Spirit, will further teach and enlighten in ii
mysteries of regeneration and holiness; ai
finally, as they continue faithful to Him, \vi
lead unto living fountains of waters and Gi
shall wipe all tears from their eyes.
"1823, 1st mo. 17th. How awful the situati(
in which we as a Society are now placed
While many are subscribing to declaratioi
and doctrines which to a little remnant,
persecuted remnant, appear calculated to s;
the foundation of Christianity; yea, even
tho removing of the Corner Btone agreeab
to tho declaration : ' Behold I lay in Zion f
a foundation a stone, a tried stone, a precio
corner stone, a sure foundation,' &c. Tin
if this foundation be destroyed what can \
do? Ah Lord God! cause those who desi'
* Sarah Hillman is here no doubt alluding to t>.
painful prevalence of that unitarian doctrine, or spi;
of unbelief in the outward manifestation of the L'
.Jesus as our only Saviour and hope of salvation, as \v
as in the authenticity and Divine authority of the He
Scriptures, which even earlier than this date began>
foreshadow the coming, and which culminated in H
deplorable .separation of 1827-8. It may be added,)
will appear in the sequel, that S. H. lived to see I' i
Society assailed and sorely troubled by an error mi i
of an opposite character; in wliich, while the dear ;-
viour in His outw.ard coming as the Son and SenI f
God, seemed fairly upheld, Ilis second advent in i
heart as the light and the life of men — a fundameiil
doctrine of Quakerism — was much overlooked, or i
little regarded. It is this inward appearance, deri'l
through the offering for sin in the prepared body,-
"another Comforter," .as our Sanctifier, Good Kenu -
brancer, and Teacherof all things, which the Redeerr
prayed the Father for, and sent in His name, that e
Society of Friends liave ever felt called upon to uph 1
unmistakably before the world.
THE FRIEND.
155
0 stand on this alone sure foundation to feel
hat thou indeed livest ; that Christ Jesus, ihj'
.ear Son, is mailing intercession for us. De-
iver us not up to reproach. Gather us from
he teachings of men. Lead us to Tliyself.
.''hou only art able to save ; and thou on!}-
anst enable to fight the good tight of faith,
nd to lay hold on eternal life. The signs of
•he times proclaim an a\yful day ; so that we
[xe ready to query, " Who shall stand?" May
!pe keep our ej-o tixed upon Him, who bore
[■ur sins in his own body on the tree ; and like
lim, our heavenly Examplar, when wo are
eviled, revile not again ; but commit our
ause to Him. He kuoweth how to deliver
lis own ; and will deliver even to the end.
If wo believe not that He is, why then do
re approach Him? Why should we meet
ocially to worship that Being, whom wo do
ot comprehend? Whom, according to the
octrineof many in our day, wo are not bound
0 believe in, or, which is "the same thing, we
re not bound to believe what we do not un-
erstand, or that is not internally revealed to
8. We are told in the Scriptures of truth
hat 'he that cometh to God must believe
hat he is;' and I believe there is no way to
he Father, but thi'ough the Son. " Neither
:noweth any man the Father save the Son ;
nd he to whom the Son will reveal him."
Lnd, 'AH Scripture is given by inspiration of
fod, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof,
)r correction, for instruction in righteous-
• ess ; that the man of God may be perfect,
horoughly furnished unto all good work.'
ind, we are bound to believe what is there
/ritten."
CTo be continned.)
For "The Friend."
Scientific Notes.
At the last meeting of the French Academy
f Sciences, a communication was read respect
ig the Australian tree Eucalyptus globulus, the
irowth of which is surprisingly rapid, attain-
ig besides, gigantic dimensions. This plant,
. was stated, possesses an extraordinary
iOwer of destroying miasmatic influence in
)ver-strieken districts. - It has the property
f absorbing very large amounts of water from
je soil, and of emitting antiseptic camphor
us effluvia. When sown in marshy ground,
'. will often dry it up in a short time. The
I'lnglish were the first to try it at the Cape of
' ood ifope, and within two or three jears
aey changed the condition of the unhealthy
'arts of tiie Colony. A few years later, its
' lantation was undertaken on a large scale in
' |arious parts of Algeria. At Pondook, twenty
.idles from Algiers, a farm situated on the
[, ianks of the Hamyze, was noted for its ex-
jt-emely pestilential air. In the spring of
= '307, about 13,000 Eucalyptus were planted
lere. In the Seventh-month of the same
,ear, the time when the fever season used to
j)(5t in, not a single case occurred; yet the
f fees were not more than nine feet high.
s'ince then complete immunity from fever has
''sen maintained. In the neighborhood of
".oustantia, a farm was in equally bad repute.
> was covered with marshes both in winter
■ ad summer. In five years, the whole ground
f ''as dried up by 14,000 of these trees, and the
'''.rmersand children enjoy excellent health.
t the factory of the Gue de Constantine, in
, ;iree years a plantation of Eucalyptus has
i[l fansformed twelve acres of marshj' soil into
.magnificent park, whence fever has com
pletely disappeared. In the island of Cuba,
this disease has been relieved bj- introducing
the tree into tlie unhealthy districts.
The Chicago Tribune gives an account of a
tireless locomotive in use on the tramways in
that city. In front of the cars was the motive
power, contained in a small, comjiact, and
neat locomotive. It consisted of a boiler eight
feet long, by three feet in diameter, and the
usual machinery on a small scale. There was
no fuel, no fire, no fireman. The steam was
supplied for the round trip of six miles before
^tarting. The. locomotive boiler was three-
fourths full of cold water. The steam was
introduced from a supply boiler, and rising
through the cold water quickly raised its
pressure to 170 lbs. to the square inch. With
this sup])ly the locomotive started, draw-
ing a heavy car three miles in ten minutes;
and using enough steam to reduce the pres-
sure in the boiler from 170 lbs. to 90 lbs.
The return trip being down grade, only con-
sumed 33 lbs.
The Naval Medical Report (England) con-
tains a fatal case of tobacco-poisoning. A
boy who had been frequently punished for
chewing tobacco, and had often been on the
sick list, seems to have swallowed two pieces
to escape detection. Ho complained of feel-
ing sick, went to his hammock, and shortly
afterwards was heard breathing stertorously.
When seen bj- the surgeon, the pupils were
insensible to light, and the pulse was scarcely
perceptible. The post-mortem examination
revealed two small pieces of tobacco in the
stomach.
The Phylloxera, an insect injurious to the
vine, has committed such ravages in France,
that it is estimated that it destroys two-fifths
of the produce of the ground devoted to the
cultivation of that plant. The subject con-
tinues largely to engage the attention of the
French Academicians and others. One of the
observers who has been studying the habits
of the insect in America says, that the French
and American insects are the same, but that
certain varieties of American vines resist its
attacks. He found in America a species of
Acarus which attacks and feeds on the Phyl-
loxera, and he thinks it might be useful to in-
troduce this into France.
At a meeting of the French Academy on
the 20th ult., Alphonse de Candolle presented
the 17th and last volume of his " Prodromus
Systematis naturalis regni Vegetalis .•" a work
commenced 60 j'ears ago bj' his father, and
contiuued by himself with several co-laborers.
The original object of the elder Candolle was,
to give a brief enumeration of all the S])ecies of
the vegetable kingdom, according to the prin-
ciples of the natural method. Latterly the
work has become much more detailed. It is
certainly the largest work on botany' extant
(perhaps also in natural history) ; and do
scribes 58,975 species.
For "The Friend."
I have been much interested in reading
Wm. Evans' Journal, and think these i)ara-
graphs good advice for all. Will the Editors
please insert in "The Friend."
" The house of our kind and intelligent
friend, where we were entertained, was an
agreeable lodging-place to us ; the influence
of education and suitable reading in expand-
ing the mind, divesting it of many illiberal,
contracted notions, was visible here. But in
too many eases, we find Friends Qf suflicient
means, who have neglect*! the education of
their children very much, or after having
given them small portions, do not provide
them with suitable books, to emiiloy their
leisure hours, in storing their minds with use-
ful and instructive ideas. Labor for our sub-
sistence is unquestionably necessary; but we
may slide into the habit of pursuing our
worldly concerns with such aviditj- as to lose
all relish lor mental improvement; and for
those things which arc invisible and eternal.
When old age overtakes this description of
persons, they have few objects of thought and
conversation but the little round of worldly
concerns which have engrossed their time and
attention for many years; but little interest
in anj-thing beyond their own affairs; and for
want of having been engaged to lay up trea-
sure in heaven, are often destitute of any
ability to promote the welfare of religious
society, and the advancement of the testi-
monies of Ti'uth. Their example tends to
lead those around them into the same worldly
pursuits, and thus instead of being the salt of
the earth and lights in the world, they prove
stumbling blocks to sincere en(£uirers after
Truth, and blind guides to the youth in the So-
ciety. Such persons are objects of commisera-
tion and regret. These are subjects that
ought to call forth the energies of the Society ;
not only in a fervent concern for the religious
welfare of the young people, but in adopting
proper measures for their guarded school
education, cisiting them in their families, and
endeavoring to elevate their minds by furnish-
ing suitable libraries in the Preparative Meet-
ings."— page 145.
"In conversation with a man who had
travelled but little, and who was not a little
contracted in his views of others, I was led to
the reflection that where people are delving
in the earth all their lives, and paying scarcely
any attention to the improvement and en-
largement of their minds, thej- possess littlo
qualification to judge of others. They try
everything by their own standard, which is
formed according to the limited sphere they
move in; and for want of knowing, either by
intercourse with others or reading, the great
variety of habits which prevails among people
equally pious, they often censure what differs
from their customs, and conclude that those
who so difler are influenced by pride. This
is especially obvious where the heart has not
been softened by the Spirit of the lledeemer,
and brought to see its own deformity, and
thence clothed with Divine charity. True re-
ligion effects wonderful changes in us; while
it clothes us with proper love and allowance
for others, it erects a standard founded upon
the purity and simplicity of the gospel of
Christ, and neither condemns for those dis-
tinctions which arise from mere dirt'erence of
education, nor admits of those varieties which
spring from and foster pride in the human
heart and are inconsistent with the Truth."
— page 147.
It is dangerous to act contrary to con-
science, in little things as well as great. It
is tempting God to withdraw his Holy Spirit.
That way of persuading ourselves, which we
are apt to practise when inclined to a thing
which the first simple suggcstioti of conscience
opposes, is to be carefully watched against.
Yet wo seem not to be deceived with it, but
to see the right all the while. — Wilberforce.
156
THE FRIEND.
Snb-tropical Rambles— by Nicolas Pike.
(Concluded from page 146.)
We make a few additional extracts.
"Hundreds of Hoiothurijelie on the bottom,
particularly the common Biche de mer. It is
of a dark brown, and I believe of the same
species as the one so plentiful in the Chinese
seas, and eaten by the Celestials. I am not
aware of its being an article of food here. It
is quite harmless, and will live a long while in
a vessel of salt water. Very ditferent is-
another species, the Gratelle, which may not
be handled with impunity, for it causes most
violent irritation of the skin when touched,
and brings out an eruption and swelling; for-
tunately it only lasts a few hours, and if bath-
ed at once with the 'Ledum' lotion, the pain
soon ceases.
This Holothuria, about the size and shape
of a small cucumber, is a mottled brown color,
and has to all appearance four fins when taken ;
but soon after capture it throws them all off,
and they swim about quite independently of
the trunk. I have at different times found at
least twenty varieties of Holothuria in Port
Louis harbor, many of the most vivid hues.
I once kept a large one for inspection that
was covered above with thick red blunt bristles,
and underneath with black ones, having a flat
white enamelled top. These bristles lengthen-
ed near the mouth, which was surrounded by a
circle of twenty very dark maroon tentacles,
with ciliated edges and delicate pink lining.
All over it were minute white shells stuck fast
in the bristles. Sand and small corals lay in
the water, and I saw it pick them up by clos-
ing the tentacles round them, and drawing
them into the bony-looking aperture. The
intestinal canal terminates in an opening twice
as wide as the mouth, and is so transparent
that it can be traced, and ils contents easily
Been. In the same glass were two others of
different species ; but they both died in the
night, disgorging their whole insides, and
lying across the large one. They were so
entangled that the live one could not move,
and this caused such excessive irritation, that
though I carefully removed them early in the
morning, the thin membrane burst, and the
whole of the viscera protruded. The delicate
pink arborescent branchiag were all forced out,
and a bundle of snow-white and rose filaments
several feet in length lay entangled en masse
in this animal ruin. The sand and coral debris
forms only a portion of their food, or perhaps
may be taken only to assist digestion, for some
o'f them are very voracious, and I have fre-
quently found crabs and shrimps in their
mouths."
" While examining the reefs, I found some
curious annelides, of a blackish brown color,
about half an inch in width and nearly eleven
feet in length. I saw them in the tide pools,
and when disturbed they would rapidly dis-
appear in the crevices of the coral beds. Many
of them were in process of multiplying their
species by spontaneous division. I noticed
that the animal bui-ied as much of the body
as he wished to separate ; but this division
did not take place always in the centre of the
body, as some writers assert, frequently not a
fifth being thrown off. The anterior portion
to be separated appeared to be in a dormant
state, which gave mo a good opportunity to
examine the separation with a magnifying
glass. This portion was very transparent,
and all its parts, even the eyes and antenna;,
appeared to be as perfect as in the original
animal, but it was only connected with it by
a small thread-like ligament.
I saw numbers of Holothuria;, most of them
a dirty brown, mottled with yellowish white.
There are several species of this family here,
some of them I had observed at Grand Port,
of a beautiful orange color, about six inches in
length.
The Actinia) were radiently beautiful. One
species was nearly eight inches in diameter
and six iu height, of a purplish color, shaded
yellow. The tentacles, when fully expanded,
were tipped with scarlet, forming the most
brilliant combination of colors possible."
" Some Creole fishermen offered to provide
us rare sport from a fishing excursion to the
reefs, if we would stand the expenses, which
were only a few dollars, and to which we
gladly assented ; and active preparations in
torches, etc., went on for the evening's diver-
sion. We pulled our pirogues about a mile
out from the shore, to the outer reef, and
anchored them, leaving one man as a guard.
We all then jumped into the water, which
was nearly up to our waists, armed with long
spears, and we followed our guides cautiously,
just keeping clear of the breakers. Suddenly
there was a halt, and silence was enjoined.
Our torches were lit, and in a hole close to us
we observed numbers of fish that soon ap-
proached the light. 'Now is your time! —
throw in your lances!' said our sable friends;
and away they wept, cleaving the water, scat
tering the Medufie and jelly fish in all direc-
tions, that left behind a train of phosphoric
light as they darted through the waves. A
cord was attached to the lances ; and as I
drew mine in, I found I had speared a large
fish of the genus Pseudoscarus, called here a
Cateau, very handsome, but not very choice
eating. We bagged several fine fish, none
weighing less than from two to two and a
half pounds. On we went, the Creoles evi-
dently knowing every hole and break in the
reefs. We disturbed myriads of little animals
which appeared to have taken up their abode
in the empty cells in the great coral beds.
This sea garden was lighted up with millions of
tiny sparks — the glow worms of the deep, light-
ing the finny tribes of nocturnes to their prey,
and presenting a pyrotechnic display on a
small scale to us, but to them possibly equal
to our brightest calcium light.
We were glad to hear that our old enemy
the Tazarre never attacks at night. One of
the Creoles hooked a large Ourite, or catfish
(their Creole name). Octopus vulgaris. No
sooner was it on the hook, than it darted its
long tentacles up the pole, and wound one of
its slimy feelers, with its double row of cup-
like suckers round his arm. The knife was
instantly applied, and the limb severed from
the body of the fish ; but even then it was with
difiiculty that it could be detached, the suck-
ers possess such remarkable tenacity. After
removal, a sense of numbness remained for a
good while in the arm. The brute was, how
ever, dislodged from his hole, and proved to be
a large one, measuring ten feet from tip to tip
of the tentacles. I had often seen this animal
on the reefs, but had always given it a wide
berth, knowing it to be dangerous; and com-
ing to close quarters with the disgusting-look-
ing animal did not at all make me anxious for
its proximity. A number of smaller ones were
caught, and the fishermen despatched them
by turning their bodies inside out, thus leav-
ing an empty sack."
Primitive Man and Revelation.
BY PRINCIPAL DAWSON, D. D., m'gILL COLLEGE,
MONTREAL.
The battle-ground of opposition in the nam*
of Science and Philosophy to the Holy Scrip
tures is ever changing, but in modern timet
most of it; in so far as Science is concerned
has centered on the early historj' of the earth
and man as contained in Genesis. One por
tion of the controversy may be held to be dig
posed of. The geological record is so mani
iestly in accordance with the Mosaic histori
of creation that to all those (unfortunately a'
yet too few) who have an adequate knowledg
of both stories, the anticipation of our moderi
knowledge of Astronomy, Physics, and Geolc
gy in the earlj' chapters of Genesis is si
marked as to constitute a positive proof o
inspiration. Eecent discoveries and hypoth
eses have given another turn to the discus
sion, and have directed it to questions relatioj
to primitive man and the connection of th
modern period with previous geological eras
Man, we are told, is a descendant of inferio
animals. His primitive condition was one o
half brutal barbarism. His rise to the actua
position of humanity was through counties
ages of progressive development, extendioj,
over periods vastly longer than those of sacrc'
history. These doctrines, supported by rauci
plausible show of proof, are given forth bj
popular writers as ascertained results of scieEJ
tific research, and we are asked to accept i
new Genesis, shorn of all the higher spiritua
features of that with which we are familial
holding forth no idea of individual life aD(|
salvation, but only a dim prospect of somi
elevation of the race as the result of an ic
definite struggle for existence in the future.
Many good men are naturally anxious as t
whereto this may grow, and whether we ar.
not on the brink of a decided breach betweei; i.
the word of God and the study of the earliesi
human remains. My own belief is that thj
doctrines of the antiquity and descent of mat
as held by the more extreme evolutionists
have attained to their maximum degree c
importance, and that henceforth the mor
advanced speculators must retrace their step
toward the old beliefs, leaving, however, somi
most valuable facts in explanation of the earl; «
history of man. The subject is too extensiv
to allow of a full exposition of my reasons foi
this belief in the time to which this addres
must be limited, but I may refer to a few c
the most recent facts in proof of my statt
ment.
The phj'sical characters of the known spec
mens of primitive men are unfavorable to th
doctrine of evolution. Theories of derivatio
would lead us to regard the most degrade
races of men as those nearest akin to tb
primitive stock ; and the oldest remains c
man should present decided approximation t
his simian ancestors. But the fact is quit
otherwise. With the exception of the celc
brated Neanderthal skull, which stands alont
and is of altogether unascertained date, th
skulls of the most ancient European me:
known to us, are comparable with those c
existing races, and further, the great statur
and grand development of the limbs in thos
of the most ancient skeletons which are entir
or nearly so, testify to a race of men mor
finely constituted physically than the ma
jority of existing Europeans. The skull founi
by Schmerling in the Cave of Engis, associate!
with the bones of the mammoth and othe
THE FRIEND.
167
dinct animals, is of good form and largo ca-
licity, and prt'sents characters which, though
calling those of some European races, also
senible those of the native races of America,
he bones described by Christy and Sartet
cm the Cave of Cro-Magnon, in France, re-
•esont a race of great stature, strength, and
'ility, and with a development of brain above
le European average ; but the lines of the
^ce show a tendencj' to the Mongolian and
raerican visage, and the skeletons present
iculiarities in the bones of the limbs found
80 in American races, and indicating, pro-
ibly, addiction to hunting and a migratory
jid active life. These Cro-Magnon people
red at an epoch when France was overgrown
ith deut^e forests, when the mammoth pro-
ibly lingered in its higher districts, and
hen a large part of the food of its people
as furnished by the reindeer. Still more
markable, perhaps, is the fossil man, as he
18' been called, of Mentone, recently found
a cave in the south of France, buried under
.vern accumulations which bespeak a great
itiquity,aud associated with bones of extinct
ammalia and with rudely-fashioned imple
ents of flint. It appears from the careful
jscriptions of Dr. Rurere that this man must
ive been six feet high and of vast muscular
jwer, more especially in the legs, which pre-
nt the same American peculiarities already
ferred to in the Cro-Magnon skeletons. The
all is of great capacity, the forehead full,
lid the face, though broad and Mongolian
id large-boned, is not prognathous, and has
high I'acial angle. The perfect condition of
e teeth, along with their being worn per-
Dtly flat on the crowns, would imply a
talthy and vigorous constitution and great
Qgevity, with ample supplies of food, pro
,bly vegetable, while the fact that the left
m had been broken and the bone healed,
0W8 active and possibly warlike habits.
ich a man, if he were to rise up again among
;, might perhaps be a savage, but a noble
^age, with all our capacity for culture, and
;esenting no more affinity to apes than we
If the question be asked. What precise re-
,ion do these primitive European men bear
I anything in sacred history? we can only
• J' that they all seem to indicate one race,
d this allied to the old Turanian stock ol
orthern Asia, which has its outlying branch-
to this day, both in America and Europe,
they are antediluvians, they show that the
'3 Nephetim and Gibboim of the times before
e flood, were men of great physical as well
mental power, but not markedly distinct
»m modern races of men. If they are post
''avians, then theyreveal the qualities of the
'1 Eephaim and Anakim of Palestine, who
t improbably were of Turanian slock. In
■ y case, they may well have points of his-
■ "ical contact with the Bible, if one were
tter informed as to their date and distribu-
'n.
(To be concluded.)
*-•
For "The Friend"
John Heald.
(CoDtinaed from page 150.)
5th mo. Ist, 1818. A great frost this morn-
;. We went to Cropwell meeting. I sat
■ne time, and said at length : I have been
rodaced to a view of two states that are
ry difi'erent. One of them is an humble
' e, even so much so, that when anything is
;)po8ed for their encouragement, they de
cline accepting it, because of their unworthi-
ness. The others are willing to glean up
every encouragement held out for such who
think they are nnworth3' of it, and apply it to
themselves. Here it is readily discovered
that there is a difficulty in administering to
each, when each are disposed to lake that
which is designed for the other; the humble
ones being ready to accept of close doctrine,
supposing it good enough for them, while the
others want a fair reputation. I labored a
considerable time before I felt a release.
In the afternoon we had a very satisfactory
meeting at a school-house, in which I had the
largest share of the public labor; though
Ilorton Howard, John Hunt and Hinchman
Haines, each in their turn had aceeiitable
service in it. I was glad of the opportunity.
I understood that the inhabitants had been
an indift'erent people in regard to religion, and
in some instances dissipated and intcm])erate
characters, but some Friends had been con-
cerned about them, and had some meetings
with them ; and some, who were travelling
on Truth's account, had also meetings among
them ; and many of them had become thought-
fully concerned, and profitably so. My sense
of their situation was favorable.
In the evening at Enoch Roberts', I pro-
posed a time of silence. It became a very
trying season. Hinchman and Horton both
bore a feeling testimony, which tended in
some measure to relievo me. I at length
found openness to do what I thought to be
my share.
2nd. We went to John Hunts', and from
thence to Haddonfield meeting. I soon felt
a concern to speak to the people. I began
with, 'How goodly are thy tents, O Jacob,
and thy tabernacles, O Israel!' How goodly
is the situation of this people, or rather how
goodly might it be, would they live as they
ought to do, conformably to the dictates ol
Truth in their own bosoms. How goodly the
enjoyments these would enjoy ! John Hunt
followed in a short testimony, after which
Horton was enabled to enter deeply into the
subject, and to bear a lengthy testimony to
the truth, with demonstration and power.
We parted with Hoi ton this evening, he went
to the city, and we staid at Benjamin Cooper's.
Next day, being First-day, we went to New-
town meeting. I found a concern to bring to
view our accountable situation. If in the
space of two hours we were each to be called
to a final account, would we not be likely to
be careful how we spent the time, and what
we did or omitted to do? This some live in
daily conformitj^ to, and how needful for us
all to be careful ! I labored until I felt a calm
release of mind, having stood up twice, and at
each time delivered considerable. I waited
sometime and rather looked for some other
laborer to engage in it, but none entered upon
it, and I thought the time might be further
spent than I was aware of, so I moved lor the
meeting to close; and Richard Jordan said,
Why, the meeting is not done. I went to
Benjamin Cooper's, and dined, and in the
afternoon called at R. Jordan's. He then
said, he would have tried to help me, if I had
not moved so soon. On wjoighing the subject,
I feel sorry it so happened, but I am not cer
tain that he did not let the proper time pass.
I feel that what I did was not wilfully wrong,
if it was an error of mine.
The next day we had a large, favored meet-
ing at Woodbury. I stated that some when
they come to meeting, having notice of a
stranger being there, wait with expectation
to hear what may be said, and it silence is
continued to the end of the meeting, they are
disap]iointed, go away dissatisfied, and con-
clude that the time is lost. I think it a pity that
any should be induced to come to a meeting
and gain no profit by it. If each one was to
turn their attention inward, and consider
what they ought to do to please their Crea-
tor, they might profit and improve, if it should
be so that words should'not be expressed. I
addressed the youth in a verj' feeling manner,
and, in doing it, reached in an att'ecting way
to the parents. My mind was humbly thank-
ful for the favor, and vocal supplication was
ott'ered to the Author of all good, and praises
for the gracious blessings bestowed.
5th mo. 5th. Attended a meeting at Upper
Greenwich. It seemed to me that the life of
religion was low. After sitting sometime and
under exercise, I felt an openness to say, It
has been no small exercise to me to appear in
the capacity of a teacher or instructor. This
has frequently been trying to me at homo and
abroad, being ready to conclude [inquire]
what is there that I know, that other men or
women do not know. But I have sometimes
thought it might be profitable to tell people
what they do know, and call their attention
to it. And now 1 would ask if there is not a
belief lodged in the minds of many, that reli-
gion is at a low ebb ? And is there not in the
minds of such, a secret sense of mourning at
times on account thereof? If the minds of
the people are secretly clad in mourning on
this account, is it not worth while to consider
the cause, and shall we not be led to the be-
lief, that it proceeds from unfaithfulness? — a
little unfaithfulness in one, and a little in
another, and a secret departure from the paths
of rectitude, that no human eye is privy to,
no mortal knows of, but the individual, who
secretly supposes a little indulgence cannot
be of much disadvantage. It is known to be
wrong, but a little will be gratifying, and will
not be of much disadvantage to the good
cause ; so the individual goes on to do the
thing, and is convicted and feels remorse
of conscience — is condemned within. In a
little while he finds a like temptation, again
yields to it, and again is condemned. If such
an one goes on, and carries his own condem-
nation in his bosom, and in this condition
conies to a final close, what idea can we affix
to such an end ? Where is the well-grounded
hope? Is it not likely that shades of sorrow
would cover such ? Meditate, and consider
that this secret deviation accounts for the low
state of religion in our time, as I apprehend.
In regard to the performance of worship, such
are unfit and unprepared to perform thatgreat
duty. Though such may be punctual in at-
tending thereon, the mind maj' be roving after
visionary objects, and delighted therewith.
This is to serve for worship to a God, who
sees the secret of every heart !
6th. Were at a meeting near Upper Penn's
neck. I felt some exercise with great poverty.
After a time of this kind of silence, I said :
"Friends, have we not read that open rebuke
is better than secret love? Under the legal
dispensation, it was written, Thou shall in
anywise reprove thy brother, that sin be not
upon him. The Author of the Christian reli-
gion said. If thy brother offend thee, tell him
his fault between thee and him alone; if he
hear thee thou hast gained thy brother. It
158
THE FRIEND.
may not be improper to consider whether this
requisition is not neglected, thoui^h required
by the hiw and the go-^pel ; and does not this
omission proceed from an individual neglect
of duty ? Such are in the commission of acts
for which they are condemned in themselves,
and thus the neglect of individual duty leads
to a neglect of social duty. On being retired,
such feel little or no reconciliation with the
Author of their existence, but carry the sense
of condemnation with them. But if they sub-
mit to do right, in this there is no condemnii-
tion, but peace. I was introduced into the
concern in a way to gain upon them, so a^
gradually to find a near access to them, and
admonish and reprove vrith tenderness, and
invited to be more obedient; and so parted
with feelings of love and nearness.
We passed on this evening to Salem, and
lodged with Priscilla Wright, a widow. 7ih.
Were at their meeting. I felt a concern to say :
Reprove a wise man and he will be wiser ;
then adverted to the disposition 1 frequently
meet with in appointed meetings, suffering
the mind to be turned outwai'd instead of an
inward attention ; and from one subject to
another, until several things were brought to
view. Among these, was the dissipating one
of partaking of strong drink, and some of the
effects thereby produced, and the danger of
indulging in wrong practices. It was lengthy
labor. In the afternoon we went to Green-
wich, to the house of John Sheppard, where
■we were kindly entertained.
5th mo. 8th. Had a meeting at Greenwich,
not very large. It was a trying, exercising
season to me, in which I felt doubtful of the
meeting being to much profit. At length I
felt as I believe that I had better engage in
testimony. I said, I have been laboring to be
reconciled to silence or vocal labor, whichever
might appear most likely to bring peace of
mind. We may read the declaration of the
insjiired prophet, that the work or fruit of
righteousness shall be peace, and the effect,
quietness and assurance forever. Again, we
read, there is that scatteroih abroad and yet
increaseth, and there is that withholdeth
more than is meet, and it tendeth to poverty.
Withholding more than is meet is so common,
that I think it deserves more frequent atten-
tion than is given to it; and for want of this
attention, the peaceful reward is often miss-
ed. I went on for some time, but seemed to
get but little entrance. I, however, did not
find a release of mind, and laboring along
seemed still not to be released, nor to gain on
the audience, but again laboring I found an
entrance, and it became a solemn time, and a
sense of much favor and love prevailed and
spread, until we seemed to be near one to
another, and considerable tenderness was
shown. In the afternoon we returned to
Alloway's Creek, and in passing along the
streets of Greenwich, I felt a flow of love to
the inhabitants.
CTo be contlnned.)
For "The Friend."
Niagara.
(CoDclndHd from pag(' 151.)
From Table Rock or Goat Island, much of
the sound is evidently shut in, bj' the depth
and narrowness of the channel ; also the fall is
broken and subdued by the araazingdepth of the
river underneath, which at the "Horse Shoe,"
drops into its own bed, and not upon masses
of rock, as in the case of the other falls in the
vicinitj'of incomparably less volume. Indeed,
such is the depth of the river, that the mighty
torrent from above is soon lost in the abj'ss
below, and instead of flowing on violently over
the surface, forces its way to the bottom of
the channel, bulging the surface turtle shape,
passes silently out ward, leaving the face of that
unexplored depth from a short distance below
the fall to the whirlpool, comparatively peace-
ful. The Canada side is a much better situa-
tion for a genei'al outlook. The overwhelm-
ing scene of terrible power in the clashing
sound of angry waters is there fully unfolded,
for in one unexampled picture are grouped
the chief glories of JSIiagara.
Here the visitor looks the American Fall
full in the face ; the fall of the Bridal Veil and
Centre fall are directly before him; there he
overlooks the precipitous walled front of Goat
Island, crowned with verdure, and forest trees
clothed in the vesture of autumn, while to his
right hand, the eye takes in the whole of the
great Horse Shoe Fall, its western wing so
near, that ho might almost step from the rock
and bathe beneath the cataract. Table Rock,
or that part which remains of it, affords the
best view of the wonderful channel below,
comparable to a trough some 600 feet or more
in depth, cut out of the rock, to conduct in
safety to the lake this remarkable river. Into
this mysterious passage is gathered the whole
of Niagara, less than a quarter of a mile in
width, while above the fall, the opposite shores
are about two miles asunder. Planting his feet
firmly upon the very edge of the rock, he
views a scene truly indescribable. In an out-
ward sense the beholder is one of nature's
baptised children : a gentle wind carries the
mist all around and above, while close to the
right, a cloud of vapor spreads its hazy out-
line over the sky, and marks the agony and
struggle of the flood underneath : at his feet,
the river moves on in subdued grandeur in
the pride of its strength ; a better view of
which can nowhere else be had, down to the
upper suspension bridge, and beyond, until its
waters are shut out from the eye by a turn in
the channel some distance above the railroad
bridge at Falls City, two and a half miles
away.
As I stood upon Table Rock looking down
into the deep channel, the river passing before
mo in triumph to the lake, its surface, though
wonderfully agitated in the vicinity of the fall,
but beyond, not more broken than I have seen
the bright waters of our Delaware; the con-
trast was deeply impressive; the quiet, power-
ful movement of that deep mysterious river,
without soundings, and the wild, rushing ra-
pids, united to the heavy voice and furious
leap of the cataract, hushed in this sudden
transition into comparative stillness. I saw
therein a living, perpetual type of Time's
headlong river flooding its victims over the
rocks of adversity, onward with steady un-
yielding power and purpose to that transition
which divides the turbulent waters of this
life from the still, untrodden courses of the
life beyond. The rapids far exceeded my ex-
pectations ; the fall did not ; and my impres-
sion is, the more they are seen and studied,
the deeper will be our sense of their exceed-
ing grandeur, and that the beholder stands
awed as in the presence of the Infinite. The
river above the rapids, is more than twice the
breadth of the Delaware opposite Philadel-
phia ; Goat Island, at the fall two miles below,
dividing it ; that portion passing east and
north, producing the American Fall, being
greatly less than that which passes west, fol-;
lowing the channel, causing the Horse Shoej
Fall. At least two-thirds of the breadth, and
a much larger proportion in quantity of water
is compressed here into less than half a mile,
with added power and depth, at the point
where the sweeping flood leaps wildly into
the abyss below. The green appearance of
the water as it passes over the " Horse Shoe,"
referred to so beautifully in the lines herewith
copied, is believed to be owing to its depth,
estimated to be not less than twenty feet ; and
on account of the singular shape of the rocky
breastwork, the waters are piled in upon each
other in their descent at this point; which,
by the wearing away of the rock, has assumed
nearly an angular form, producing a wonder-
ful concentration ; as it were two cataracts,
joined, in part face to face, curving out and
northward toward either shore. I refer now
to the Canada Fall, or that which separa:te6
Goat Island from the Canada shore, and in
looking at it carefully, I am unable to speak
of it as crescent shaped, or as resembling a
horse shoe. The wearing away of the rock
has certainly made it a very irregular one
and that which would correspond to the base
of the curve is as I have stated, nearly an
angle ; and this is recognised as marking the
channel of the river, and the boundary be-
tween American and British territory. The
Whirlpool, a short distance below the lowei
suspension and railroad bridge, is a remarka
ble feature of the river, caused by an angulai
turn, and sudden narrowing of the channel, in j
conjunction with the powerful under-currentj i
much stronger than at the surface, produced; |
by the overwhelming pressure of the fall itself !
These forces operating together, cause thit
singular rotary motion, which doubtless pens- (
trates the river its entire depth, believed tc !
be from 500 to 600 feet at this point. Goal '
Island contains about 69 acres, is a fractior
over a mile in circumference, and heavilj
timbered, with pleasant carriage ways, anc
walks, and scats here and there under th(
ample shade.
The approach to the American Fall, an(
entrance to the " Cave of Winds" underneath
is from the western side of the island ; also .
the finest view of the rapids, is to be obtainec
from its south-western extremity, from tb(
point where Prospect Tower recently stood
torn down to make way for one more durablj
built.
This is a position about opposite Tabli
Rock, affording, perhaps, the best view tha
can be obtained of the river above the falls
and as the eye travels upward and over th'
long line of rapids, one fall succeeding anothei
and gathering power with added rapidity j
lashed into fury and narrowing toward th I
cataract ; sweeping onward with unmeasurer ;
power, and majesty, every thought is gath
ered into stillness, and wondering admiratior I
Here a good profile view is had of the Amc . '
riean Fall, and from the crest of the rock, w
may look over into the awful chasm separat
ing Goat Island from the western shore, int
which the resistless torrent has rolled centur;
upon century. Here too the town of Cliftoi
and the highlands that skirt the opposit
shore are in full view, while not far to th
right is the upper suspension bridge spannin;
the river ; its towers and cables and interlac
ing net-work of iron, a truly noble and beau
tiful work, aikd a model of engineering skil.
THE FRIEND.
159
'he towers are covered with wood and cor-
Qgated iron, and in point of architectural
eanty are highly ornate, imparting to each
jrminus an air of elegance and strength, and
isndering the whole very attractive among
|ie many wonders of that interesting locality.
ts height above the surface of the river is
IsO lect, and length from rock to rock, the
atural abutments upon which it rests, 1190
let ; and is capable of supporting ,3000 tons.
!'he iron bridge connecting Goat Island with
'jo eastern side of the river, fifty rods above
le American Fall, is an olject of interest,
"he inquiry is often made, how was it ever
uilt upon piers, over such a tremendous
iipid ? Certainly not without much difficulty
;id hazard of life. The structure is a plain
le, and not attractive in any other light
lan as associated with peril, engineering
jility and intrepid daring; and as affording
le only communication with Goat Island.
; seems to rest in safety upon its rocky bed,
rer which the water sweeps wildly by, shak-
ig every joint and timber.
I Thus are grouped together in one deeply
iteresting picture, the sublime and beautiful,
le awfully grand, and the picturesque ; and
orks which men's hands have reared, wherein
ley seem to have been inspired bj' the over-
helming grandeur and perfection in the
itural world around them.
Such is a faint view of Niagara, and a glimpse
'■ its surroundings, as they appeared to the
riter on an afternoon in autumn, as the sun
as passing to the west behind the green
'ills that look out from the Canada shore ;
id after the perfection and brightness of
immer had felt the first touches of the frosts
autumn. P. B.
■Philadelphia, 11th mo., 1S73.
THE FRIEND.
FIRST :M0NTH 3. 1874.
The new year is signalized in this State by
inging its inhabitants and legislature under
ie action and restraints of a new Constitu-
on ; which, while it contains some serious
sfects, is generally conceded to he superior
; the old one.
The article in which those conscientiously
)posed to all warlike measures are particu-
rly interested, is that on the militia ; which
IS undergone a change that in one respect is
1 improvement ; but in another is a retro-
•ade step, unbecoming the assumed superior
tclligeuceand christian liberality of the age.
he clause in the old Constitution which de-
'ared that " Those who conscientiously scru-
e to bear arms, shall not he compelled to do
: but shall pay an equivalent for personal
rvice," has been stricken out, and in place
■ it, the article says the Legislature " may
' empt from militarj' service persons having
' nscientious scruples against bearing arms."
The framers of the old Constitution were
far influenced by the principles of christian
yilization, as to provide that men conseien-
i )asly scrupulous on the subject, should not
forced to violate their sense of duty to their
eavenly Father, by any law making it ob-
;atory on them'to bear arms ; though they
mmitted the contradiction of punishing
ch, by obliging them to pay an equivalent
erefor. But those who framed the new Con-
stitution, while they reiterated the fair sound-
ing sentences, about the rights of conscience
being inalienable ; that 'No human authorit}-
can, in an}' case whatever, control or inter-
fere with the rights of conscience," yet I'e-
trograded from the advance the others had
made, by taking away the prohibition, and leav-
ing it optional with the legislature whether
to exempt such or not. They could hardly
have supposed the legislators would be more
just, or more observant of the emphatic de-
claration respecting liberty of conscience, than
themselves ; and it seems fair to infer that
their object in making the change was, to au-
thorize more rigorous measures, when thought
needful, in order, if possible, to force those
conscientiously scrupulous against bearing
arms, into the ranks of the militia.
The provision in the Article that the Legis-
ature shall defray the expense of the militia
out of the State Treasury, does not remove
the liability to a military ta.x, and Friends as
well as all others, may be subjected to the
difficulties and losses resulting from having
their property rendered liable for such a tax,
with all the penalties attached for non-pay-
ment. Such a law was before the Legislature
last year, and we believe, passed the House of
Representatives, but failed in the Senate for
want of time.
Were it not that everj- day's experience
shows how readily men deny or disregard in
practice, what they freely admit in theory, it
might excite surprise that the members ot the
Convention, who readily admitted that liberty
of conscience was emphaticallj' guaranteed
in the Bill of Rights ; and very many, perhaps
most of whom, were willing to acknowledge
that war was a grgat evil, and irreconcilable
with the precepts and principles inculcated
by Christ and his Apostles, could nevertheless
consent to strike from the Constitution of
Pennsylvania a christian feature, so I'ar credit-
able to it, as it approximated to the original
and noble provision made by the Founder of
the State, to secure to all the enjoyment of
worshipping the Almighty according to the
dictates of their conscience, without let or
hindrance, and to engraft in its place a mere
subterfuge, which leaves these sacred rights
of conscience as affecting very many citizens,
dependent on the will or whim of a legis-
lature.
We frequently hear it said that the State
is to know no difference between one religious
profession and another ; that there must be no
union between Church and State. In one
sense both of these are true, but in another
they are both false. Civil government is an
institution of Divine Wisdom, and within the
limitation of the higher law of the Almighty,
its authority is supreme.
In conferring the delegated powers of civil
governments, the almighty Arbiterof Nations,
designed that they should be exercised in
conformity with the principles of truth and
righteousness, which characterize his own
administration of the affairs of the world.
No authority was conferred to go contrary to
his manifested will. In all professedly chris-
tian countries, the religion of the New Testa-
ment, whether it is so recognized in stated
terms or not, underlies the system of govern-
ment built up to promote the welfare of the
people; and the legislator or the magistrate
occupies the position described by the Apostle
as " the minister of God," who is bound not to
be ''a terror to good works, but to the evil."
It is specially stated that he is to be, "the
minister of God to thee [to all] for good."
The State is, therefore, not to ignore the dif-
ference between that which is true and good,
and that which is untrue and evil ; nor is it
to be divorced from the church of Christ. It
is bound so to act as not to inti--rfere with, or
violate his supreme commands, and to pro-
mote the extension of his government among
its citizens. It cannot rigiitfully attempt to
enforce any particular form of religious belief,
nor undertake to regulate the government of
the church ; and it is eqnalh' jirohibited from
coming between the soul and its Divine Law-
giver, so as to interfere with its convictions of
religious duty towards Him ; so long as those
convictions, or the effort to carry them into
practice, do not injure another, or infringe on
the peace and good order of the community.
Tlie State, or its lawfull_v ai>pointcil Govern-
ment, is but the representative of the people,
the great body of whom in this countr}-, pro-
fess to be christian believers ; and in the enac-
tion of laws, it has no more right to go coun-
ter to the principles of truth and justice laid
down in the New Testament, than has any
single professor. Still less — if possible — has it
the authority to attempt to force a citizen or
any number of citizens to disregard or act
contrarj' to what he or they are sincerely con-
vinced are those principles of right and jus-
tice. Hence it is that, referring to the article
in the Constitution of this State, which affirms
the right of libert}- of conscience to be unalien-
able and indefeasible, this strong language is
used in the Constitution, " Wo declare that
every thing in this article is excepted out of
the general powers of government, and shall
forever remain inviolate."
We know that a majority of the members
of the different religious denominations in the
State, are not j-et convinced that the servants
of Christ cannot fight ; but think they are
justified, under certain circumstances, to en-
'gai'c in mortal combat. According to these
provisions in the Constitution, no Legislature
can have the power, to force the principles of
peace and good will to men, upon them; nor
}-et to impose fines or other penalties, because
they will not adopt those principles and al-
waj-s carry them out. But by the present
Constitution, this good rule is not made to
work both ways. B}' the introduction of the
word may, it is made optional with those
members of difl'erent religious denominations
who approve of war, and who are a majority
in the comraunitj', whether they will disre-
gard the dechiration respecting the inviolji-
bility of liberty of conscience, and force into
the ranks of the army, or punish with fines
and other penalties for not going voluntarily,
those who conscientiously believe their Divine
Master meant what He said, when He com-
manded his disciples to love their enemies, to
forgive them their trespasses against them,
to ]>ray for them that despitefully used them,
and not to avenge themselves; and who con-
sequently cannot bear arms. If the first would
be going beyond the power delegated by the
Almighty to civil government, and a violation
of Christ's law, "Do unto others what j-ou
would have others do unto you ;" if it would
be making a nullity of that part of the Con-
stitution which so strongly guards the sacred-
ness of the rights of conscience, as to elevate
them above the meddling of the Legislature,
it is impossible to show why the latter does
not como in the same category, does not stand
160
THE FRIEND.
on the same immutable basis, and that to per-
petrate such an invasion of indefeasible rights
would be an opprobrium to our christian pro-
fession. Yet it has been done again and again,
and the present Constitution has left, the door
open to commit the same injustice and op-
pression hereafter, and time will determine
whether it will not be repeated.
SUMMAEY OF EVENTS.
Foreign. — It is stated that the contract for making
the cable to be laid between the coasts of Ireland and
New Hampshire, and of maintaining it for thirty days,
is in the hands of Simmons Brothers, of London and
Berlin, who are to receive for their work about SO.OOO,-
000. The cable is about half completed.
Scarlet fever, in an unusually malignant form, pre-
vails in parts of England. Many deaths of the disease
have occurred in Liverpool.
The Dublin Clhamber of Commerce has resolved to
build a central railway station at an expense of £750,-
000. , . ,
Dispatches from the Gold Coast announce the arrival
of the Highland troops at Cape Coast Castle.
The steamer Gypsey Queen, belonging to the River
Tyne Improvement Commissioners, struck the wreck of
a sunken lighter in that stream and went to the bottom
in five minutes. There were between fifty and sixty
men on the steamer at the time of the disaster, of whom
eighteen were drowned.
London, 12th mo. 29th.— U. S. Bonds, 1865, 94i ;
new five per cents, 91 i|. The rate of discount in the
open market for three months bills is 4^ per cent., or
J per cent, below the bank rate.
■ Liverpool. — Uplands cotton 8|rf. ; Orlean.s, 8W. a
8td.
The hostile tone of recent pastorals issued by French
Bishops has caused the German government to renew
its complaints to France. A dispatch to tlie London
Telegraph says France has given satisfactory assurances
to Germany relative to the p.astorals complained of. In
the French Assembly several members have spoken of
the imperfect postal arrangements between France and
the United States, and urged the government to remove
the difficulty which they say is injurious to French
commerce, and inconvenient to the people at large.
The Financial Secretary replied that it was the govern-
ment's desire to harmonize the interests of the two
countries, and a speedy understanding was expected.
Marshal Bazaine has left Versailles for the island of
St. Marguerite, the place of his confinement.
The King of Portugal has prohibited the coolie trade
at Macao, and the barracoons at that place have been
closed.
The Emperor fif Germany has been seriously unwell
but was in better health on the 28th ult.
The Russian General Kaufmann is under the shadow
of imperial displeasure for his manner of conducting
the Khivan war, especially for his attack on the Turko-
mans, his premature publication of the treaty with
Khiva, and his wasteful and corrupt administration in
Turkistan.
A dispatch from Penang, dated 12th rao. 20th, an-
nounces that the DiUch troops have occupied both sides
of the river running through Acheen. The Sultan,
seeing defeat inevitable, has given in his submission to
the Dutch commander.
It is stated that the Roman Catholics are making
numerous converts in India. The propaganda has a
staff in that country, with the Archbishop of Goa for
its chief, under whom are nineteen bisliops and between
eight hundred and nine hundred priests. The returns
made to the bishops show the number of believers to be
a little over one million. The Goa diocese alone con-
tains 2."0,000 Catholics.
The Archbishop of Canterbury lately preached a
missionary sermon in which he said that though " the
population in India, subject to the British Crown, or
more or less connected with it, is about 180 millions of
persons, and though great efibrts have been made of
late years to bring the inlluenoe of missionaries to bear
upon those whom formerly they could not reach, still,
with all efforts, not above 318,000 Protestant converts
liave as yet been made from these native populations."
The Lutheran Observer reports, as the efiect of con-
cessions granted liy the Czar of Russia a year or two
ago, to the LiUherans in his empire, that thirty thou-
sand persons in that country rejoined the Lutheran
church in 1872. These concessions were granted in re-
Bponse to the petition of a delegation from the Evan-
gelical Alliance of the United States.
The Dutch Colonial Minister has sent a written state-
ment to the Second Chamber, declaring that the war
in Atcheen would render it necessary for the State to
be placed under Dutch sovereignty as a guarantee for
the future maintenance of peace. It would, however,
preserve its autonomy, as the Dutch government in no
way intended to place Atcheen under its direct do-
minion.
The condition of Spanish affairs does not apparently
improve, and the position of the contending parties has
not materially changed. A Spanish republican force
of 15,000, has entered Biscay. Fourteen thousand Re-
publican troops, under General Moriones, has been
transferred by sea from San Sebastian to San Antonia.
It is said they were surrounded in San Seb.astian by
thirty thousand Carlists, and had no other means of
escape from capture. The insurgents still hold Carta-
gena. Fort Julian, one of the strongest defences of the
place had been breached.
The resignation of Daniel Sickles as United States
Minister at Madrid, has been accepted, and Caleb Cush-
ing appointed in his place. Havana dispatches say the
appointment of Caleb Gushing is favorably received
here, and much satisfaction is expressed at the resigna-
tion of Sickles.
The Madrid government has not only refused to ac-
cept the resignation of Captain General Jouvellar,
which was recently tendered, but has granted him ex-
tended and extraordinary powers.
The debt of the island of Cuba amounts to $87,000,-
000. The notes of the Spanish Bank in circulation
amount to $104,000,000.
The Chilian House of Representatives has pas.sed an
education bill, against the opposition of the Conserva-
tive party and the protests of the bishops.
Unitkd States. — There were 250 interments in
PhiLadelphia last week, and 474 in the city of New
York.
One of the special results of the United States geo-
logical and geographical survey of the territories, in
charge of Professor F. V. Haydeii, during the past sum-
mer, has been the discovery that Colorada territory is
the centre of the greatest elevation of the Rocky Moun-
tain chain. So far as known, there are in the district
explored during the past season by the survey seventy-
two peaks, ranging from 14,000 to 14,200 feet in height.
Louisiana, which before the war was behind some of
the other States in the production of cotton, now sur-
passes every other State. Its crop this year will be
1,200,000 bales of the 3,900,000 bales raised in all the
South. To do this the State has largely abandoned the
cultivation of sugar.
The Lake Superior Copper Mines yielded last year
14,000 tons of ingot copper.
The United States steamer Juniata from Santiago de
Cuba with the 102 survivors of the Virginius, reached
New York on the 2Sth ult. The prisoners will be
placed on the receiving ship at the navy yard, and no
communication with them will be allowed for the pre-
sent.
The Ville du Havre was the fourteenth large .Atlantic
passenger steamer totally lost. The statement that with
the e.Tcejition of the Great Eastern, she was the largest
vessel afioat is erroneous. There are several larger
steamships.
The indications are that the pork market will be
abundantly supplied this season. The National Crop
Reporter, however, publishes returns from nine West-
ern States, showing that the total number of hogs fat-
tened in those States the current season, is about 8 per
cent, less than for the .season of 1872.
The report of the State Salt Inspector, of Michigan
shows that 824,34t) barrels of salt were inspected last
year. The salt producing territory has been materially
enlarged during the year.
The total number of interments in Philadelphia for
the year ending 12th mo. 27th, 1873, was 16,776, which
is 3768 less than in 1872. It appears th.at2290 persons
ilied of consumption, 961 inflammation of the lungs
and 1 105 from cholera infantum. There were 8677
deaths of males, and 8099 females.
.\ review of the produce tr<ade of Chicago for the past
year has been published. The receipts of grain during
the year were 96, 731, .598 bushels; shipments, 91,035,
703 bushels; receipts of hogs 4,360,000 head; cattle
765,000 head; sheep, 300,000 head ; lumber, 1,084,993
feet. Total value of all produce received during th
year is, in round numbers, $240,000,000.
The Markets, &c. — The following were the quotations
on the 29th ult. New York. — American gold, 110.
U. S. sixes, 1881, coupons, 120; reg. 116] ; ditto, 1868,
119; ditto, five per cents, 111 a 112. Superfine flour
$5.85 a $6.10 ; State extra, $6.60 a »6.80 ; finer brands!
$7 a $10.50. White Michigan wheat, $1.92; No. 2
Chicago spring, $1.58 ; No. 3 do., $1.64 ; amber Illinoia,
$1.68. Oats, 50 a 60cts. Bye, $1.06. Western mixec -
corn, 83 a 84 cts. ; yellow, 84 a 84i cts. ; white, 80 a 8',
cts. Philadelphia.— V'pXdinis and New Orleans cotton
16 a 17 cts. Superfine flour, $5 a $5.75 ; extra-s, $6 I
$6.75; finer brands, *7 a $10. Penna. amber wheat
$1.67 a $1.70. Rye, 93 a 95 cts. New corn, 70 a 7i
cts. ; old yellow and mixed, 83 cts. Oats, 53 a 58 cts I
Smoked hams, 11 a 13 cts. Lard, 8| a 9 cts. Clover, \.
seed, 8} a 10 cts. Beef cattle were in demand. Salei i
of 1800 at 7J a 8 cts. per lb. gross for extra, 6 a 7 cte
for fair to good, and Z\ a hi cts. for common. Abou
9000 sheep sold at 5 a 6} cts. per lb. gross, and 700t ;
hogs at $7.50 a $7.75 per 100 lb. net. Chicago.— ISo. ". ''
spring wheat $1.17 ; No. 2 do., $1.15i ; No. 3 do., $1.10*
No. 2 mixed corn, 53| cts. No. 2 oats, 38* cts. Eye
7 a 83 cts. No. 2 fall barley, $1.39. Lard, 8| cts
Si. Louis.— 'i^o. 2 winter red wheat, $1.64; No. 3 fall
$1.39 a $1.40 ; No. 2 spring, $1.20. New mixed corn
53 cts. No. 2 oats, 40 cts. Lard, "I a, 8 cts. Oinein
nafi.— -Family flour, $7 a $7.25. Wheat, $1.40 a $1.60
Corn, 54 a 57 eta. Rye, 92 a 93 cts.
FRIENDS' LIBRARY'.
For the convenience of those who attend Arch Stree
Meeting, the Library will be open hereafter on Fifth
day mornings, from half past 9 to 10 o'clock.
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
A Stated Meeting of the Committee having charge c
the Boarding School at Westtown, will be held i
Philadelphia on Sixth-day, First month 9th, 1874, a
1 p. M.
The Committees on Instruction and Admissions mei
the same day at 10 A. M.
Samuel Morris,
Philada., 12th mo. 27th, 1873. Clerk.
THE INDIAN AID ASSOCIATION.
The Executive Committee of Philadelphia Frienc
having accepted charge of the schools for the Wyar
dotte, Wichita, Kiowa and Comanche Indians, reques
the contributions of Friends in order to supply sono'
pressing needs.
It has been found necessary to collect the children i
Boarding Schools, and various articles of clothin;
furniture, &c., are wanted to insure their comfort an
proper care. Some money can also be judiciously es
pended in school supplies, in addition to those provide
by the Government.
This is a critical time in Indian affairs, and help no
will be extremely valuable.
Contributions may be sent to John S. Stokes, ;
this office. i
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
As the stations of Superintendent and Matron of til
Institution are expected to be vacated at the close of u
Winter Session, in the 4th month next. Friends wl
may feel drawn to undertake the duties attached
them, are requested to communicate thereon witheith
of the following named members of the Committee.
Nathaniel N. Stokes, Cinnaminson Post-offic
Burlington Co., N. J.
Charles Evans, No. 702 Race St., Philadelphii
Deborah Rhoads, Haddonfield, N. J.
Rebecca S. Allen, No. 335 S. Fifth St., Philad"
Died, on the 4th of Eleventh mo. 1873, at her re,'
deuce in Bristol town.ship, Rhoda S. Roberts, in tl
77th year of her age, a beloved member of Bristol Pa
ticular and Fallsington Monthly Meeting. The r
moval of this dear Friend is keenly felt by her bereavi;
family and friends, but they sorrow not as those wit
out hope, having the consoling belief that their loss'
her eternal gain.
, on Second-day, the 22d of Twelfth mo. 187
at her residence in Newark, New Jersey, Rachel i
wife of William A. Riker, aged nearly seventy yeai
a member of New Y'ork Monthly Meeting of Frienc
Many and varied were the trials of this dear Frien
and at times for many months, her sufferings were s
vere, yet she endured all with christian patience. SI
was ofttimes brought very low in mind, under a sen
of her own nothingness, and had many doubts and fea
in relation to her final acceptance by her Heaven
Father; but she was enabled, after passing throug
many exercises and baptisms, to say near her close, '
feel willing, and ready, to depart and be at rest."
"^ WILLIAM H. PILE, PRINTBIt.
No. 422 Walnut Street.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AJsD LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. XLVII.
SEVENTH-DAY, FIRST MONTH 10, 1874.
NO. 21.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
rice Two Dollars per aDnuni, if paid in advance. Two
dollars and fifty cents, if not paid in advance.
' Sabacriptions and Pavments receired by
I
JOHN S. STOKES,
lAT NO. 116 KORTH FOURTH STREET, Ul" STAIRS,
PHIIiADBLFHIA.
Mtage, when paid quarterly in advance, five cents.
Primitive .llan and Revtlation.
BT PKIXCIPAL DAWSOX, D. I)., m'gILI, COLLEGE,
MOXTREAL.
fCoDcludrd from page loT.)
I have referred to European facts only, but
1 is remarkable that in America the oldest
ice known to us is that of the ancient AUe-
hans and Totheans and their allies, and that
lese, too, were men of large stature and great
ranial development, and agricultural and
smi-civilized, their actual position being not
iseimilar from that attributed to the earliest
iltivators of the soil in the times of Adam or
oah.
So far the facts bearing on the physical and
icntal condition of primitive man are not
ivorable to evolution, and are more in ac-
:)rdance with the theory of Divine Creation,
nd with the statements of the sacred record.
Kecent facts with reference to primitive
■an show that his religious beliefs were simi-
•r to those referred to in Scripture. The
fhole of the long isolated tribes of America
'eld to a primitive monotheism or belief in a
reat Spirit, who was not only the creator
jd ruler of the heavens and the earth, but
ad the control of countless inferior spirits —
•lanitous or ministering angels. They also
alieved in an immortality and a judgment of
1 men beyond the grave. Hence arose in
irious forms the doctrine of guardian man-
C'us. represented by tokens or terapbim, and
atehingover individuals, families, and places.
-enee arose also the practice of burying with
le dead the things he had valued in life, as
,kely in the vague imaginings of the untaught
/md to be useful in the other world. Their
I'aditions also embraced in various and crude
Tms the idea of a mediator or intercessor be-
veen God and man. Xo one who studies
lese beliefs of the American tribes, can fail
' recognize in them the remnants of the same
imitive theology which we have in the pa-
iarchal age of the Bible, and more or less in
le religions of all ancient peoples of whom
0 have historical records. I maj- say here
1 passing, that the tenacity with which the
d man of America has clung to his barbar-
m and long isolation to remnants of primi-
ve truth, is an additional reason why we
iould strive to give him a purer gospel.
With reference to these prehistoric men,
known to us only by their bones and imple-
ments, it may not bo possible to discover their
belief as to the unity of God ; but we have dis-
tinct evidence on the other points. On the
oldest bone implements — some of them made
of the ivory of the now extinct mammoth —
we find engraved the tokens or mauitou marks
of their owners, and in some cases scratches
or punctures indicating the offerings made or
successes and deliverances experienced under
their auspices. "With regard to the belief in
immortality, perhaps also in a resurrection,
the Mentone man — whose burial is perhaps
the oldest known to us — was interred with
his fur robes and his hair dressed as in life,
with his ornaments of shell wampum on his
head and limbs, and with a little deposit of
oxide of iron, wherewith to paint and decorate
himself with his appropriate emblems. Nor
is he alone in this matter. Similar provision
for the dead appears at Cro-Magnon and the
Cave of Bruniguel. Thus the earliest so-called
palaeolithic men entertained beliefs in God and
in immortality, perhaps the dim remains of
primitive theism, perhaps the result of their
perception of the invisible things of God in
the works that He had made.
The "antiquity of man as revealed by his
prehi>toric remains has probably been greatly
exaggerated. A careful study of the latest
edition of "The Antiquity of Man," by Sir C.
Lyell, in which that great geologist has sum-
med up all the scattered evidence on this point,
must leave this impression. The particular
facts adduced are individually doubtful and
susceptibleof different interpretations, though
collectively they present an imposing appear
ance, and manj-of them have been weakened
b}' recent observations and discoveries. Ameri-
can analogies teach us, as I propose to show
in papers soon to be published, that undue im-
portance has been attached to the distinctions
of neolithic and paheolithic ages. The physi-
cal changes which have taken place since the
advent of man ha%'e been measured by stand-
ards inapplicable to them, and the actual
quadrupeds of the later post-pliocene period
may have lived nearer to our time than has
been supposed. No human remains have been
found in beds older than the close of the so-
called glacial period, and the earlier indica-
tions succeeding this period are not actual
bones of men, but only rude implements, some
of which are possibly naturally shaped stones,
and others have had their antiquity exagger-
ated by misapprehension as to the mode of
their occurrence.
It is, however, probable that the investiga-
tions now in progress will establish the fact
that in the earlier part of man's residence in
the Old Continent he was cotemporary with
many great quadrupeds now extinct, and that
some of them, as well as some races of men,
may have perished in a great continental sub-
sidence which occurred early in the modern
or human period. Both of these conclusions
will, I think, bring themselves finally into
harmony with the Biblical account of the ante-
diluvian world, notwithstanding the strenu-
ous opposition of the large party opposed to
any correlation of natural and spiritual truth.
Science may soon enable us to account for
the divergence of mankind into permanent
races in a way more satisfactory than hereto-
fore. It has heretofore been a stumbling-block
with many in the doctrine of the unity of man
that we find evidence of distinctness of race
as great as at present in early Egyptian
monuments. Modern ideas of derivation have
swept away this as an infidel objection, but
they have not failed to demand an enormous
lapse of time for the earlj- development of
these races. A new law is, however, coming
into view, which may render this unneces-
sary. It is that species, when first introduced,
have an innate power of expansion, which
enables them rapidlj- to extend themselves to
the limits of their geographical range, and
lilso to reach the limits of their divergence
into races. These limits once reached, the
races run on in parallel lines until they one
by one run out and disappear. According to
this law, the most aberrant races of men might
be developed in a few centuries, after which
divergence would cease and the several lines
of variation would remain permanent, at least
so long as the conditions under which they
originated remained. This new law, which
was hinted at lone ago by Hall the Palfeon-
tologist of New York, is coming more dis-
tinctly into view, and will probably altogether
remove one of the imagined necessities of a
great antiquity of man. It may prove also
to be applicable to language as well as to
physical characters.
i have given above only a few samples out
of many which may be adduced that the re-
sults of natural science, as applied to man,
however they may at first seem to conflict
with the truth of God, will ultimately come
into harmony with it.
One object in referring to these subjects
here has been to invite the attention of Chris-
tians to certain errors in the treatment of such
subjects which I observe to be prevalent, and
which I think every Christian man of science
must sincerely deprecate.
The first is the hasty reception of broad
popular statements of leading scientists as if
they were received and proved conclusions.
Nearly every new scientific fact and principle
is at first only imperfectly understood and
p.artially misapplied, and statements much too
unguarded are often made by enthusiastic
votaries of particular specialities.
The second is the resting content with the
shallow assertion that the Bible need not be
in harmony with Nature. The Bible is not
a text-book of science, nor are spiritual truths
always directly reconcilable at first with natu-
ral truths. But the Bible as a Book of God
cannot outrage Nature, and there are neces-
sary harmonies between the natural and the
spiritual. Weak admissions that the Bible
162
THE FRIEND.
accommodates itself to errors as to Nature
may save the theologian the trouble of inquiry,
and may be welcomed by men of science as
setting them free from dogmatic trammels;
but the earnest votarj' of science who is not
a Christian despises those who make them
and regards their doctrine as worthless.
A third is the connection of ancient super-
stitions or modern ecclesiastical expediences
with God's word. Science is in its nature
hostile to superstition, to ritualism, and to
hypocritical expediency; while merely exter-
nal and a'Sthetical modes of dealing with men-
tal and moral interests it must always reject
as vulgar folly. It is a fearful crime against
the souls of men so to connect such things
with the truth of God that men of high cul-
ture are repelled from what might otherwise
awe them by its moral elevation, or attract
them by its spiritual beauty. I believe that
much of the antagonism of men of science is
really excited by accessions which are not of
God but the growth of human device in darker
ages of the world. I would not ask the Chris-
tian to accommodate his creed to any require-
ments of the science or literature of our daj-.
That would be an equally fatal error. What
I ask is that the scriptural truth may be pre-
sented unmixed with extraneous matters, not
of the Bible but of man.
Lastly, the Christian must not despise as
unworthy of attention the current scientific
doctrines on such subjects. If the missionary
thinks it necessary to study the beliefs of the
rudest tribes that he may better teach them
the truth, surely we must not ignore the latest
results of the intellectual work of the most
cultivated men, which in any case is sure to
influence the mind of the time, and which,
properly treated, must yield positive results
for the cause of God.
The scientific infidel is not always a wrong-
doer to be put down. He is often a very
darkened soul, struggling for light and some-
times driven back from it by the follies and
inconsistencies of Christians. The lamentable
and growing separation between those who
study God's works and those who believe in
His word is not all of it the fault of the scient-
ist. The theologian will be held responsible
for so much of it as may result from his adul-
terating the water of life with unwholesome
earthly elements.
< »
For "The Friend."
John Heald.
(CoDtiuued from page 158.)
" 5th mo. 1818. We had a large, favored
meeting at Pilesgrove or Woodstown. I sat
some time under a weight of exercise, when a
woman friend stood up and mentioned a de-
sire that people would worship the Lord, say-
ing the hour cometh and now is, when the
true worshippers shall worship the Father in
spirit and in truth, for the Father seeketh
such to worship Him; and without any further
comment sat down. The subject instantly
spread in my view, and I immediately felt the
way open to engage in it. I said. It seems to
be a great thing for me to stand before so large
an assembly, but how much more so to stand
before Him, whose penetrating eye sees the
heart, and the sincerity or insincerity attend-
ing ! He seeth not as man seeth, man looks
on the outward appearance, but He looks at
the heart. When we present ourselves before
Him, it is worth our while seriously to con-
sider what kind of disposition wo should ap-
pear in, and how we shall be prepared to give
an account of our doings. It may be trying
to stand before a large assembly of our fellow-
mortals, creatures composed of materials like
ourselves, but what comparison does it bear
to standing before our Judge, who knows
our hearts, when every secret thing will be
brought to open view, when thousands and tens
of thousands of angels and glorified spirits
are standing round, when the secrets of the
heart shall be revealed ; how awful the situa-
tion we are all hastening to, and which we
have no way to escape from ! Now, where is
the excuse for those, who do not intend to be
confined to the restraints of religion, and who
are carrying in their own bosoms remorse,
or condemnation ? If our heart condemn us,
God is greater and knows all things, but if our
heart condemn us not, then we have hope
towards God."
John Heald then appealed to those of mid-
dle age, or even further advanced in life, who
had not been concerned to worship God, or to
know how true worship should be performed,
referring to the fact that even children have
been prepared to worship the Lord, when
their minds were humbled by the Divine
Power, agreeably to the scripture declaration,
" out of the mouth of babes and sucklings thou
hast perfected praise." He remarks of this op-
portunity, " The power of Truth overshadow-
ed the meeting marvellously."
"In the afternoon we had another large,
favored meeting, eight miles distant, at Wool-
wich, at four o'clock. This may be thankfullj'
remembered, and I hope will. These meet-
ings seem to me to be times of eminent favor
and condescension from on high. Ability was
wonderfully furnished to labor; but let it be
remembered the cause is his, and He ftirnish-
ed the ability to accomplish His own work.
The praise is his, and may it be ascribed to
Him, for He alone is worthy of it now and
forever.
After we came to John Tatura, Jr.'s, we
were informed that Haddonfield Monthly
Meeting was to be the next day. We attended
it the 11th. In a short testimony in the early
part, I endeavored to set forth the goodliness
of the sons coming up in the room of the
fathers, and the daughters instead of the mo-
thers. Where virtuous ftithers and mothers
have sons and daughters, what consolation to
them to see a fair prospect of succession in
the church.
After this meeting we went home with
Henry Warrington, who has taken us in his
carriage thus far in Jerse}^ only once or twice
we rode a few miles in some other carriage.
His kindness has been great, as well as that
of his family, for which 1 feel grateful, but do
not expect ever to have it in my power to
compensate the favor.
14th. Were at their meeting [at Burlington].
Soon after sitting down I felt my mind en-
gaged to admonish them to be on their guard,
when they took a seat in a religious meeting.
The enemy is so busy to catch away the mind,
and furnish objects for contemplation, that
much depended upon being particular at first
sitting down.
15th. An appointed meeting at Borden-
town. I began in a way to draw their atten-
tion, without raising their expectation to have
an idea of much, and was led to express a
lengthy testimony in soft, engaging terms,
that I even wondered myself at the manner
of it, and it has loft a pleasant savor on my
mind.
16th. At Mansfield in the afternoon, afte
considerable silence I said, be watchful, b
patient, be humble and resigned. This com
sel, I have had a view of keeping to mysel
It has been considered to be good for minii
ters, and if so, will it not be so for others
Should we not all be watchful, should we nc
all patiently wait and quietly hope, should w
not all be humble? It is the humble Hj
teaches of His ways, and should we not h
resigned to His will ? As I followed the opei
ing, it seemed to embrace several subjects
among these intemperance and dissipation
that unfaithfulness, though little in its begii
ning, and the deviation small at first, migl
lead inta a hardness of heart, so as to den
the being of a God."
After attending a few other meetings i
New Jersey, our friend proceeded to Ne
York in time to attend the Yearly Meetir
held there. Of this he says : " 23rd. Attende,
two sittings of the Meeting of Ministers ar
Elders, in the course of which Stephen GrelU
laid a concern before that meeting to make:
religious visit to Europe, especially to Eussii
and the meeting united with the Monthly ai
Quarterly Meetings' certificates, and with hi
in his concern, which was certified by tl
meeting's written certificate.
28th. Two sittings on church aflFairs. Ner
the close of the last sitting, I observed, iu;.
remark I made, that some who are talentt-
men, sometimes fall into the practice of spea-
ing to business in Monthly, Quarterly an
other meetings, with only the ability deriv^l
from nature ; which will tend to hurt and ii-
poverish those who are thus employed. L
stead of helping along profitably, it will defes
its own purposes and produce poverty. ->
speak to passing business availingly requirj
at least a measure of the qualification that*
requisite for the ministry. Without this i
will be poor indeed. Though it may havei
specious show, it tends to disadvantage to i-
dividuals and society at large."
After the close of the Yearly Meeting, Joh
Heald went on to New England, visitingme'-
ings as he passed along. In some of these J
was largely engaged in the exercise of t5
ministr}'. Of that at North Bridge, Masi-
chusetts, held 6th mo. 9th, he says: "Tj
si lent part was long. I have waited to feel t3
putting forth of the Shepherd in this as wl
as others, and, as I carefully proceeded, I ft
as I apprehended some opposition ; but goi ;
on in the opening, the power of Truth caiB
into dominion marvellously, and reigned t-
umphantly, the minds of the people w(e
generallj- humbled, I believe, and mine ■«\s
humblj^ thankful. It held more than thie
hours, and the people were still in body al
in mind, and did not appear weary of sittii;,
nor quick to leave their seats. The poweiB
the Lord's, and the praise belongs to Him
10th. We went to attend Old House, whie
there has been a meeting a good while, It
the members of our Society are few. I t
some time before 1 began to speak, but h '-
ing began I continued to speak for a leg
time. It was after 2 o'clock when the mat-
ing concluded. I was much spent, and a met-
ing appointed for me at 4 o'clock, a few rriii
off. We took some refreshment and went n
to a meeting called Mendon ; got there in 61-
son, but it was a dull meeting. After a ti e
of silence I stood up and remarked to FrievlB
the loss there was in taking a seat, and it-
ting the mind at ease, when they had the CO-
THE FRIEND.
163
)aiiy of 8trangei-s. It would be more profit-
Ale to enter into an individual labor. I con-
jnued to speak for more than an hour, 1
uppose, before 1 could feel at liberty to sit
lown ; and after that, 1 was drawn forth into
inpplieation. The vocal exercise had enfeebled
me, bat I labored through, and the meeting
loncluded. I do not remember that I was
5ver so much spent with laboring in the way
}f the ministry.
11th. We went to Smithfield. My mind
centred down into silence, and I felt a solem-
oity was over the meeting. When I felt the
time had come, I stood up and said : Go thy
way, eat thy bread with cheerfulness, and
drink thy wine with a merry heart, for now
God accepteth thee. This I thought to be
^out the substance of the text, and this is a
yery comfortable state to be in. The desire
of most or all is to be happy, but is the desire
to be obedient as great ? or is the desire to
be happy, all that is necessary? This seems
to me to be like Balaam's desire. Oh that ]
may die the death of the righteous, and that
,'my last end may bo like his! But he loved
'the wages of unrighteousness, he appears to
have indulged in obtaining unrighteous gain,
'though he desired to die the death of the
righteous.
' It was a good time, and will be remembered,
' I hope, to profit."
After attending New England Yearly Meet-
iui;, which he says, " I believe was a good one,
'and was conducted much to satisfaction," he
'came in the course of his visit to Smithfield.
' Of the meeting there, 6th mo. 21st, he has
'preserved this memorandum. "Notice had
1 been spread that we expected to be there that
day, and many of the people living round
about were there. I could not minister to
them, only to remark, that such as had wit-
nessed compunction for speaking, or for not
I spe.aking, could make a suitable allowance ;
' for I desire to be silent when speaking would
occasion pain, and to speak when that would
give relief.
In the course of the afternoon, I felt such a
' depth of trial on my mind, I was almost ready
' to wish myself at home ; and though I had
* endeavored to avoid speaking anything in the
' time of meeting that was not required, and to
' speak whatever was required, yet O how tried
' my mind was. But I avoid trying to describe
' it. This morning [the 22d] my mind seems
^ calm, patient and resigned. Thanks be to the
j Preserver of men for the blessing."
I CTo be continued.)
Comets.
SHOOTING-STARS. — METEORS OF NOVEMBER 14.
(Continued from page 154.)
At the time of this wonderful meteoric dis
play Captain Hammond, of the ship Restitu-
tion, had just arrived at Salem, Massachusetts,
where he observed the phenomenon from mid-
night till daylight. He recollected with as-
tonishment that precisely one year before, viz.,
on the 13th of November, 1832, he had ob-
served a similar appearance (although the
meteors wei-e less numerous) at Mocha, in
Arabia. It was found, moreover, as a further
and most remarkable coincidence, that an ex
Cumana, South America. Baron Humboldt's
description of the shower is as follows : —
" From half after two, the most extraordinary
luminous meteors were seen toward the east.
Thousands of bolides and falling stars suc-
ceeded each other during four hours. Thej'
filled a space in the sky extending from the
true east 30° toward the north and south. In
an amplitude of 60° the meteors were seen to
rise above the horizon at E.N.E. and at E.,
describe arcs more or less extended, and fall
toward the south, after having followed the
direction of the meridian. Some of them at-
tained a height of 40°, and all exceeded 25°
or 30°. Mr.Bonpland relates, that from the
beginning of the phenomenon there was not
a space in the firmament equal in extent to
three diameters of the moon, that was not
filled at every instant with bolides and falling
stars. The Guaiciueries in the Indian suburb
came out and asserted that the firework had
begun atone o'clock. The phenomenon ceased
by degrees after four o'clock, and the bolides
and falling stars became less frequent ; but wo
still distinguished some toward the northeast
a quarter of an hour after sunrise."
This wonderful correspondence of dates ex-
cited a very livel}' interest throughout the
scientific world. It was inferred that a recur-
rence of the phenomenon might be expected,
and accordingly arrangements were made for
sj-stematic observations on the 12th, 13th, and
14th of November. The periodicity of the
shower was thus, in a very short time, placed
wholly beyond question. The facts in regard
to the phenomena of November 13, 1833, were
collected and discussed by Olmsted, Twining,
and other astronomers. The inquiry, how-
ever, very naturally arose whether any trace
of the same meteoric group could be found in
ancient times. To determine this question
many old historical records were ransacked
by the indefatigable scientist, Edward C. Her-
rick, in our own countrj', and by Arago,
Quetelet, and others, in Europe. These ex
aminations led to the discovery of ten un-
doubted returns of the November shower pre
vious to that of 1799. The descriptions of
these former meteoric falls are given by Pro-
fessor H. A.Newton, in the American Journal
of Science, for May, 1864. They occurred in
the years 902, 931, 9.34, 1002, 1101, 1202, 1366,
1533, 1602, and 1698. Historians represent
the meteors of a. d. 902 as innumerable, and
as moving like rain in all directions. The
exhibition of 1202 was scarcely less magnifi-
cent. "On the last day of Muharrem," says
a writer of that period, " stars shot hither and
thither in the heavens, eastward and west-
ward, and flew against one another like a
scattering swarm of locusts, to the right and
left; this phenomenon lasted until daybreak ;
people were thrown into consternation, and
cried to God the Most High with confused
clamor." The shower of 1366 is thus described
in a Portuguese chronicle, quoted bj' Hum-
boldt: "In the year 1366, twenty-two days
of the month of October being past, three
months before the death of the king, Don
Pedro (of Portugal), there was in the heavens
a movement of stars such as men never before
saw or heard of. At midnight, and for some
time after, all the stars moved from the east
to the west; and after being collected together,
in the air thoy seemed large and fiery, and
the sky and the air seemed to be in flames,
and even the earth appeared as if ready to
take fire. That portion of the sky where
there were no stars seemed to be divided into
many parts, and this lasted lor a long time."
The fact that all great displays of the No-
vember meteors have taken place at intervals
of 33 or 34 years, or some multiple of that
jiei'iod, had led to a general expectation of a
brilliant shower in 1866. In this country,
however, the public curiosity was much dis-
appointed. The numbers seen were greater
than on ordinary nights, but not such as would
have attracted any special attention. The
greatest number recorded at any one station
was seen at New Haven by Professor Newton.
On the night of the 12th 694 were counted in
five hours and twenty minutes, and on the
following night, 881 in five hours. A more
brilliant display was, however, witnessed in
Europe. Meteors began to appear in unusual
frequency about 11 o'clock on the night of the
13th, and their numbers continued to increase
with great rapidity for more than two hours;
the maximum being reached a little after 1
o'clock. A writer in Edinburgh, Scotland,
thus describes the phenomenon as observed
at that city: — "Standing on the Calton Hill,
and looking westward, — with the observatory
shutting out the lights of Princes Street, — it
was easy for the eye to delude the imagina-
tion into fancying some distant enemy bom-
barding Edinburgh Castle from long range;
and the occasional cessation of the shower for
a few seconds, only to break out again with
more numerous and more brilliant drops of
fire, served to countenance this fancy. Again,
turning eastward, it was possible now and
then to catch broken glimpses of the train of
one of the meteors through the grim dark
pillars of that ruin of most successful manu-
facture, the National Monument; and in fact
from no point in or out of the city was it pos-
sible to watch the strange rain of stars, per-
vading as it did all points of the heavens,
without pleased interest and a kindling of the
traordinary fall ofmeteors had been witnessed , _ .
on the 12th of November, 1799. This was they began to move, some in one direction
seen and described by Andrew EUicott, who and others in another. And afterward^they ^^_ ^
was then at sea near' Cape Florida. It was [ fell from the sky in such numbers, and so , ^^^^^^ ^j*;*^^^ '^^^^l^^ ^3 ^,^er man spake
also observed by Humboldt and Bonpland, in thickly together, that as they descended low voice, wnien spea F
magination, and often a touch of deeper feel-
.ng that bordered on awe." At London about
1 o'clock a single observer counted 200 in two
minutes. The whole number seen at Green-
wich was 8485. The shower was also observed
in different countries on the continent.
In 1867 the display was generally observed
throughout the United States.
The shower of 1868 was in some respects
quite remarkable, though the number ofmete-
ors was less than in 1S66 or 1867. At New
Haven the fall commenced about midnight,
and from 2 o'clock till daybreak over 5000
meteors were counted. The time of maximum
could not be accurately determined, as no de-
crease in the numbers was observable till
dawn. The display was also witnessed in
England and in Cape Colony, South Africa.
The times of maxima in these countries dif-
fered so materially as to indicate a decided
stratification of the meteoric stream. The
entire depth, moreover, where crossed by the
earth in 1868, was much greater than at the
.part traversed either in 1866 or 1867.
(To be continued.)
We are but a speck on earth in the view
of our Almighty Creator, whom we ought
ever to obey, and listen to the "still, small
164
THE FRIEND.
Selected.
A love for the attendance of meetings has
been a characteristic of all true Quakers.
Samuel Smith mentions his visiting Dorothy
Owen, in North Wales, a young woman noted
for her excellent gift in the ministry. lie
says: "She had been several times to the
Yearly Meeting at London, more than two
hundred miles on foot, and to Quarterly Meet-
ings frequently from twenty to fifty miles."
Our late dear friend, that honest minister of
the gospel, Ellen McCarty, of Elkland, Lycom-
ing county, Pennsylvania, often walked to
the next settlement to attend meeting, a dis-
tance of five miles, carrying a babe with her.
On one occasion in winter, she remained all
night in the neighborhood of the meeting
house, and in the naorning found that snow
had fiillen to a considerable depth. She had
two of her little boys with hei-, who assisted
her in turns with the babe, until the infant
became fretful, and would cry whenever
either of the brothers took it, and the diffi-
culty of walking through the snow with
such a weight in her arms, made the journey
very toilsome to her, and she had frequently
to sit down, overcome with fatigue. Harassed
in body and tried in mind, .she declared aloud
she would not go to the meeting again. She
reached home safely, and things passed on
during the week as usual, but on the next
Seventh-day she found a weight of darkness,
and an uncommon depression upon her spirits.
On feeling this, she sat down in quiet, anxious-
ly seeking the cause. Her mind was soon
illuminated clearly to discern the truth, and
she perceived a hand pointing to the meeting-
house, whilst she remembered the hasty reso-
lution she had formed in her own impatient
will. She saw her error, took fresh courage
to encounter the difficulties and trials of her
situation, and the next day contentedly trudged
with her usual load the five miles to attend
her meeting and seek for spiritual strength to
sustain her own soul. She was careful hence-
forward to be diligent in the performance of
this, as well as her other duties, and in con-
sequence thereof grew in the root of Life, be-
came an able minister of the Gospel, and was
made useful in the household of faith.
Be thou faithful unto death, and I will give
thee a crown of life.
Value of Sleep. — It must be remembered
that sleep repairs not the vital functions only,
but simultaneously those functions which we
distinctively describe as mental attributes,
and of which the brain is, to our limited com-
prehension, the organic instrument. The in-
tellectual part of our nature, takingthe phrase
in its largest sense, is exhausted by its con-
tinued exercise, in like manner as the bodily
organs, and requires the intermittent periods
of repose and repair. If other proof were
needed of the great function which sleep ful-
fils in the economy of life, it may at once be
found in the effects which follow the priva-
tion of this repair. A .single sleepless night
tells its tale, even to the most careless observer.
A long scries of such nights, resulting, as often
happens, from an over-taxed and anxious^
brain, maj- often warrant serious apprehen-
sion, as an index of mischief already existing,
or the cause of evil at hand. Instances of
this kind, we believe, are familiar to the ex-
perience of every physician. But here, as in
inany other cases, the evil of deficiency has
its counterpart in the evil of excess. Sleep
protracted beyond the need of repair, and en-
croaching habitually upon the hours of wak-
ing action, impairs more or less the functions
of the brain, and with them all the vital
powers. This observation is as old as the
days of Hippocrates and Arta^us, who sever
ally and strongly comment upon it. The sleep
of infancy, however, and that of old ago, do
not come under this category of excess. These
are natural conditions appertaining to the re-
spective periods of life, and to be dealt with
as such. In illness, moreover, all ordinary
rule and measure of sleep must be put aside.
Distinguishing it from coma, there are very
few cases in which it is not an unequivocal
good, and, even in the comatose state, the
brain we believe, gains more from repose than
from anj' artificial attempts to rouse it into
action.
BE IN EARNEST.
Life is brief: its days are fleeting
A.s the bird on swiftest wing,
Ar the pearly dews of morning,
t)r the rill from mountain spring;
Hastes the bird through skies of azure.
Dew exhales in morning's sun,
Down into the grand old ocean
Mountain streams unceasing run.
Be in earnest: souls are dying,
Souls for whom a Saviour died :
Satan with his wiles is trying
To increase the blinded tide
Who by night and day are pressing
Downward to the realms of death,
Where the wail of woes distressing,
Upward floats on every breath.
Be in earnest : hourly nearer
Comes the solemn judgment day.
When, with vision purer, clearer,
We'll review life's winding way.
Vain all effort then to borrow
One excuse for sloth while here.
Still more vain for grief or sorrow —
Just our sentence will appear.
Be in earnest : it is glorious
On life's battle-tield to stand.
With the Spirit's sword victorious
In our waiting, willing hand,
Soon the fierce and fiery struggle
In the flesh with sin shall cease,
Following close the din of battle
Dawns the day of rest and peace.
Selected.
Ah
WISDOM,
when did wisdom covet length of days,
Or seek its bliss in pleasure, wealth, or praise?
No : Wisdom views with an indifferent eye
All finite joys, all blessings born to die!
The soul on earth is an immortal guest.
Compelled to starve at an unreal feast ;
A spark which upward tends by nature's force ;
A stream diverted from its parent source ;
A drop dissevered from the boundless sea ;
A moment parted from eternity ;
A pilgrim panting for a rest to come ;
An exile anxious for his native home.
Hannah More.
Selected for "The Friend."
Extracts from an Epistle by William Penn.
My dear friends, there be several things, or
the enemy in several appearances that will
attend you in your holy march to the eternal
land of rest, of which I would caution you,
that 3'ou may none of you make shipwreck
of any of those holy beginnings you have ex-
perienced by the Light and Spirit of the Lord.
Beware of vain thoughts, for they oppress
and extinguish the true sense.
These vain thoughts arise from the enemy's
presentation of objects, and the mind's look-
ing upon them till they have made their im-
pression upon the mind and influenced it intc
a love of them. This is a false liberty, i
dangerous, yea destructive libertj', to the holji
sense that God hath begotten in any.
For as that is not revived, but hindered by
such thoughts, so it is not improved but de|
stroyed by them. The Divine sense in the
soul is begotten by the Lord : it is his life and
Spirit, his holy breath and power that quick-;
eneth the soul, and maketh it sensible of its
own state and of God's will, and that raiseth
fervent desires in it to be eternally blessed.
Satan is the father of vain thoughts, he be-'
getteth them on purpose to draw it off from
that sense, and exercises it in a variety of con-'
ceptions in a self-liberty of thinking and im-
aginings concerning persons and things.
When this subtle enemy of man's salvation
seeth that he cannot make you bow to the
glory of this world, that all his snares which
he layeth in the things that are seen, which
are temporal, are discovered and broken, and
that your eyes are directed to those things
that are eternal: then will he turn accuser;
he will aggravate your
and plead the im-
possibility of their remission : he will seem to
act the advocate for the justice of God, that
he might cast you into despondency, that you
may doubt of deliverance and salvation. Many
are the thoughts with which he perptexeth
the sons and daughters of men ; but this know,i
that he was a liar from the beginning. Fori
the Lord doth not visit the souls of any to
destroy them, but to save them.
For this end hath he sent his Son, a light
into the world ; and they that bring their deedsi
to it are not of the devil, who hatelh the light.!
Neither doth the Lord cause people to hunger
and thirst after him and not fill them with his
good things. Be assured, my friends, wher-
ever the Lord hath begotten desires after him,
and wherever sin is become exceeding sinful,
yea, a burden to the soul, the devil's kingdom
is shaken, the prince of this world is begun to
be judged, and God is at work for the redemp-i
lion of that soul. Hearken not to the voice of
the serpent, for that lost your first parents
their blessed paradise; and with the same'
subtle and lying spirit, he would hinder you
from returning into paradise. Keep then in
the righteous life of Jesus, and walk in his
holy light, and j'ou shall be preserved through
all exercises and difficulties unto the eternal
Canaan, the land of rest. Neither wonder at
these things, that temptations assail you, or
that the Lord trieth and proveth you; it is
the way of all that are gone to God. For even
Jesus was tempted and tried, and is therefore
become our Captain, because he overcame.
Neither be ye cast down, because the Lord
sometimes seemeth to hide his face from 3'ou,
that you feel not always that joy and refresh-
ment which you sometimes enjoy.
I know what work the enemy maketh of ,
these withdrawings of the Lord. Perhaps he '
will insinuate that God hath deserted you in
his displeasure, that you must never expect
to see him, that he will never come again ;
and by these and the like stratagems he will
endeavor to shake your faith and hope, and
distract you with fear, and to beget great
jealousies and doubts in you, and by impa-
tience and infidelity frustrate your good be-
ginnings.
Butthough David said, of old, in the distress
of his soul, " One day shall I fall by the hand
of Saul," yet he overcame him and had the
crown. Yea, the Lord Jesus himself cried
THE FRIEND.
165
iut in the agonj' of tho cross, " My God, my
jtod, why hast thou forsaken me!" neverthc-
jiss he gloriousl}' triumphed over all, and led
laptivity captive for the joy that was set he-
j)re him, which joy is set before you, it is the
lark of the prize of your great and holy
ailing.
Wherefore, faint not, neither murmur if
our spiritual Moses seem to withdraw awhile
,'ora j'ou. Do not make i mages in his absence,
ieither wax wanton ; but possess your souls
1 holy fear and patience, waiting with holy
■sverence and diligence for his appearance,
ho is your victorious Leader. Bear the
and of the Lord; whom he loveth he chas-
meth ; his anger lasteth not forever, but his
lercy endureth forever.
— •-•
For "The Friend."
Scientific Notes.
The " Building News," gives a description
fa building in course of erection in London,
y a Safe Deposit Company, for the safe keep-
,ig of papers, moneys and other valuable arti-
les of small bulk. Such companies have met
■ilh much favor in this countrj', especially
)r the safe storing of coupon bonds aud sim-
ar securities, and are rapidlj" increasing in
umber. The building above referred to, is
lid to be the first one constructed so as to be
Iraost absolutely secure. The exterior walls
re of extraordinary thickness and strength;
nd in the interior, but completely detached
•cm every part of the external building, there
. constructed an impregnable vault, 69 feet
)Dg by 32 feet wide and 36 feet high, divided
ito four chambers of four floors. The great
ault is built on arches, so that the whole of
, top, bottom and sides, may be constantly,
ay and night, under the view and inspection
f the Company's watchmen. The walls are
f immense strength, from 10 to 11 feet thick ;
nd it is further protected by an impenetra-
le, burglar-proof armor-plating of 4 J inches.
he doors are equal in strength to the strong-
stpart of the vault, being ponderous masses of
letal and fire-and-drill-proof cement, weigh-
'ig about four tons each. The weakest parts
I most doors are their joints and locks, and,
lerefore, the company decided to have neither
(■ints nor locks.
In the recent visitation of Cholera at Berlin,
pto the 23d of Tenth month, there had been
009 cases recorded, of which onlj^ 268 re-
)vered, and 64 remained under treatment,
hile 677 ended fatally.
The monthly bulletin of the Paris Acclima-
zation Society states, that in Algeria experi-
lents have shown that silk-worms fed on
lerry leaves, produce a bright chrome-yellow
Ik ; those fed on pear-leaves, a darker shade
' the same color, while those fed on apple-
aves, produce a nearly white silk, but coarser
lan that from worms fed on ordinary mul-
3rry-leaves.
James Lick, of San Francisco, has offered
I endow an observatory, to be established at
>me point on the Sierra Nevada Mountains,
30ut 10,000 feet above the level of the sea.
The manufacturers of German silver, have
resented a petition against the introduction
:' a Nickel coinage into the German empire,
1 account of the scarcity of the metal. The
inual production is small, perhaps not more
lan 1200 or 1500 tons, and English industries
36 more than the half of this. German silver
simply brass, to which has been added from
ae-sixth to one-third of nickel, which gives
it a look like silver, and renders it less liable
to be acted on by various chemical agents.
Owing to tho increasing demand for nickel
the price has advanced to throe or four times
its former value, within a comparatively short
time. Nickel was discovered in the middle
of last century by Cronstedt, in tho copper
ore of Saxony, to which the miners gave the
name of Kuppcr-ii ickcl, or false copper, because
though they found it in the copper veins, they
could extract no copper from it. For many
years it was looked upon as useless, and thown
on the waste heap.
Among the papers presented to the English
Parliament relating to the South Sea Islanders,
is a report by Capt. C. H. Simpson, of the
ship Blanche, giving an account of his visit last
year, to the Solomon and other groups of isl-
ands in the Pacific Ocean. While at Isabel
Island, he went with a party of officers a
short distance inland, to visit one of tho re-
markable tree villages, peculiar, he believes,
to this island. He found a village built on
the summit of a rocky mountain rising almost
perpendicular to a height of 800 feet. The
party ascended b}' a native path from tho in-
terior, and found the extreme summit a mass
of enormous rocks standing up like a castle,
among which grow the gigantic trees, in the
branches of which the houses of the natives
are built. The stems of these trees rise per-
fectl}^ straight and smooth, without a branch,
to a height varying from 50 to 150 feet.
In the one Captain Simpson visited, the
house was SO feet from the ground ; one
close to it was about 120 feet. The only
means of approach to these houses, is by a
ladder, made of a creeper, suspended from a
jfost within the house, and which, of course
can be hauled up at will. The houses are
most ingeniously built, and are very firm and
strong. Each bouse will contain from ton to
twelve natives, and an ample store of stones
is kept, which they throw both with slings
and with the hand with great force and pr
cision. At tho foot of each of ^ese trees, is
another hut, in which the family usually re-
side, the tree-house being only resorted to at
night, and during times of expected danger.
In fact, however, they are never safe from
surprise, notwithstanding all their precau-
tions, as the great object in life among the
people, is to get each other's heads. Captain
Simpson, in returning, visited a chief's house
on the beach, and found a row of twenty-five
human heads, captured in a recent raid, fasten-
ed up across the front, like vermin at a barn
door.
The attention of the health authorities in
England, has been called to tho relation be-
tween the price of coal, and the rate of mor-
tality. Dr. Whitmore, the Medical Ofticer of
Health for Marylebone, in a late monthly re-
port saj's : " I think there can be no reason-
able doubt, that if the coming winter should
be a severe one, the death rate from bronchi-
tis, inflammation of the lungs, &c., will be
unusually high. I have lately made it my
business, to visit the abodes of some of the
poorest and most destitute classes in the
parish ; in many of the rooms, there was not
a vestige of firo in the grate, whilst in others
only a few cinders, which had been purchased
at the wharves, and which it was hardly pos-
sible to keep in a state of ignition ; as for any
comforting amount of heat being obtained
from such a fire, that was utterly impossible.
There cannot be two opinions as to the effl.
cac}' of bodily warmth, in resisting a class of
diseases which, unfortunately, aro but little
thought of, and which, as a rule, are ten
times more destructive of life than the most
fatal epidemics. I therefore venture to re-
commend, as constituting the most ui-gout
sanitar}' rerjuiiements of tho poor for tho ]ire-
sent time, coals, blankets and food."
I'l.r -'Tlie Friend."
"Come, Ucadrr, Hearken to Me Awhile.''
The following, being the profaco to William
Penn's "No Cross, No Crown," has long im-
pressed the mind of the writer as having pecu-
liar force and unction for such " strangers and
pilgrims" as we are or should be in a world
that lieth in wickedness, having ])recious, im-
mortal souls — and for which tho Saviour bled
and died — to be saved or lost. Oh ! that wo
would be awakened to a sense of what is at
stake, and of tho price paid for us, that so
with tho proffered help of tho Lord's Holy
Spirit of life and power, we might make an
unreserved, whole-hearted surrender to Him ;
bow to His yoke, who teaches meekness and
lowliness ; and, living in His fear, bring forth
fruits meet for repentance. We cannot fail
to see, that one by one our companions on
this transient scene, whether prepared or
unprepared, are called to their final account.
So likewise soon tho record must be of us,
" The places that have known them, shall
know them no more." A few years at the
most, must terminate a life given to us for
the greatest, noblest purpose; and then death,
the kingof terrors, judgment, awtul and final,
and an endless and untried eternity ! May
we be aroused, — may the Lord, tho faithful
and swift witness, arouse us from the lethargy,
the lukewarmness, the supineness in which wo
may have sunk, and putting on for a helmet
the hope of salvation, flee for refuge to the
hope set before us, even to use all diligence to
make our calling and election sure before we
go hence to be seen of men no more. May
we read, solemnly ponder, and then make
straight steps for our feet unto that city where
all tears shall be wiped from all faces; that
city, where rest, and joy, and peace forever
reign ; that city which the glory of God doth
lighten, and tho Lamb is tho light thereof.
"Header, — The groat business of man's life
is to answer tho end for which ho lives ; and
that is to glorify God, and save his own soul.
This is tho decree of heaven, as old as the
world. But so it is, that man mindeth noth-
ing less, than what he should most mind ; and
despiseth to inquire into his own being, its
original duty and end ; choosing rather to
dedicate his days, the steps ho should make
to blessedness, to gratify the pride, avarice
and luxury of his heart; as if he had been
born for himself, or rather given himself being,
and so not subject to the reckoning and judg-
ment of a superior power. To this lament-
able pass hath poor man brought himself, by
his disobedience to the law of God in his heart,
by doing that which he knows he should not
do, and leaving undone what he knows he
should do. So long as this disease continu-
eth upon man, he will make God his enemy,
and himself incapable of the life and salvation,
which he hath manifested by his Son, Jesus
Christ, to the world.
If, reader, thou art such an one, ray counsel
to thee is, to retire into thyself, and take a
view of the condition of thy soul ; for Christ
hath given thee light, with which to do it,
166
THE FRIEND.
Search carefully and thoroughly ; thy life
hangs upon it; thy bouI is at stake. 'Tis but
once to be done ; if thou abusest thyself in
it, the loss is irreparable ; the world is not
price enough to ransom thee. Wilt thou then,
for such a world, overstay the time of thy
salvation, and lose thy soul ? Thou hast to
do, 1 grant thee, with great patience ; but
that also must have an end : therefore pro-
voke not God to reject thee. Dost thou know
what it is to be rejected? 'Tis Tophet, 'tis
hell, the eternal anguish of the damned. Oh!
reader, as one knowing the terrors of the Lord,
I persuade thee to be serious, diligent and
fervent about thy own salvation I As one
knowing the comfort, peace, joy and pleasure
of the ways of righteousness, I exhort and
invite thee to embrace the reproofs and con-
victions of Christ's light and spirit in thine
own conscience, and bear the judgment of thy
sin. The fire burns but the stubble ; the wind
blows only the chaff. Yield thy body, soul
and spirit to Him who maketh all things new ;
new heavens and new earth, new love, new
joy, new peace, new works, a new life and
conversation. Men are grown corrupt and
drossy by sin, and they must be saved through
fire, which purgeth it away ; therefore, the
word of God is compared to a fire, and the
day of salvation to an oven ; and Christ
himself to a refiner of gold, and a purifier of
silver.
Come, reader, hearken to me awhile ; I
seek thy salvation ; that is my design. A re-
finer is come near thee, his grace hath ap-
peared to thee. It shows thee the world's
lusts, and teacheth thee to deny them. Re-
ceive his leaven, and it will change thee ; his
medicine and it will cure thee ; he is as infal-
lible as free ; without money, and with cer-
tainty. A touch of his garment did it of old ;
and will do it still : his virtue is the same, it
cannot be exhausted; for in him the fulness
dwells; Blessed be God for his sufficiency.
He laid help upon him, that he might be
mighty to save all that come to God through
him: do thou so, and he will change thee;
yes, change thy vile body, like unto his glori-
ous body. He is the great philosopher indeed,
the wisdom of God, that turns lead into gold,
vile things into things precious ; for he maketh
saints of sinners, and almost gods of men.
What then must we do, to bo witnesses of his
power and love ? This is the crown : but
where is the cross? Where is the bitter cup
and bloodj'^ baptism? Come, reader, be like
him. For this transcendent joy, lift up thy
head above the world ; then thy salvation will
draw nigh indeed.
Christ's cross is Christ's way to Christ's
crown. This is the subject of the following
discourse ;* first written during my confine-
ment in the tower of London, in the year
1668, now reprinted with great enlargement
of matter and testimonies ; that thou mayest
be won to Christ; or if won already, brought
nearer to him. It is a path, which God in his
everlasting kindness guided my feet into, in
the flower of my youth, when about two and
twenty years of age. He took me by the
hand, and led me out of the pleasures, vani-
ties and hopes of the world. 1 have tasted of
Christ's judgments, and of bis mercies, and of
the world's frowns and reproaches : I rejoice
in my experience, and dedicate it to thy ser-
vice in Christ. It is a debt I have long owed.
* Please read the whole of the treatise.
and has been long expected. I have now paid
it and delivered my soul. To my country,
and to the world of Christians I leave it. May
God, if he please, make it effectual to them
ail, and turn their hearts from that envy,
hatred and bitterness, they have one against
another, about worldly things; sacrificing
humanity and charity to ambition and covet-
ousness, for which they fill the earth with
trouble and oppression. That receiving the
Spirit of Christ into their hearts, the fruits of
which are love, peace, joy, temperance and
patience, brotherly kindness and charity, they
may in body, soul and spirit make a triple
league against the world, the flesh and the
devil, the only common enemies of mankind ;
and having conquered them through a life of
self-denial, by the power of the cross of Jesus,
they may at last attain to the eternal rest and
kingdom of God.
So desireth, so prayeth.
Thy fervent Christian friend,
William Penn."
A Farmer's Ice House. — "Who would not
have an ice house?" says a correspondent of
the Country Gentleman, " It has been fully
proved in this locality that, with good drain-
age and protection from currents of air at the
sides, with free ventilation at the top, ice may
be kept throughout the year at little cost.
"My ice house is a circular hole in the
ground eleven feet in diameter and twelve
feet deep, dry walled with brick the same as
a well ; the bottom is sandy and has a foot in
depth of fine charcoal for the ice to rest on ;
charcoal is a most desirable substance for this
purpose, as it lets the water through easily, is
indestructible, and a good non-conductor of
heat. The ice is thrown in without packing
and sawdust put on the top at once, and as
the ice recedes from the brick the dust is
pushed down at the sides till the ice is com-
pletely enveloped in it, and we have no diffi-
culty in keeping it from one season to another,
and two la^e families use it without stint.
The house is almost roofless. This is a cheap,
durable house, and has the merit of being
easily filled, and requires no scaftolding or
extra men to help unload, as those do that are
built entirely above the ground.
"A neighbor constructed last fall an ice
house which is a novelty of its kind and a re-
markable success. It is a crib ten feet by ten
and a half inside and eight feet high, and set
directly on the surface of the ground; the
posts are made of slabs and the sides are of
the same, nailed on horizontally two or three
inches apart. Cost of lumber S4 ; nails, 50c.;
labor done by a farm hand. Five three-horse
loads of ice filled it. In filling, one foot of
sawdust was put in, then a layer of ice one
foot from the sides, the edges packed and the
middle broken up a little, and as each layer
was put in, sawdust was filled in between ice
and boards, and so on till the crib was filled.
The top was finished rounding, and covered
with a foot of sawdust, and pine boughs on
that, to keep the wind from blowing it away,
and has had no roof of any kind. The first of
this month there was still sixteen inches of
ice left.
"In the middle of one end, about one foot
from the boards, is a dumb waiter case fifteen
inches square and ten feet high, inside of
which is a dumb waiter two and a half feet
long, fitted up with shelves for meat, butter,
&e., and it has answered a good purpose."
For "The Friend.''
It has long been my belief, that the preset
declension from the ancient principles am
testimonies of the Society of Friends, in i
great measure originated from a defect in tb
primitive doctrine that all are enlightened b
a measure of light, which would become tt
Light of Life in all, if fully believed in an
adhered unto, agreeably to the testimony (
the apostle John : "That was the true Ligl
that lighteth every man that cometh into tl:
world." Some years ago, the writer was que
tioned by one who stood in the station of elde
on his belief on this point, saying at the san
time, that Barclay was quite wrong in asser
ing that, " A measure of the Spirit was give
to every man to profit withal," for that w;
addressed to "believers, and believers only
Thus the goodly root (as W. Penn says) fro
which all our principles are derived, is deniec
and consequently the first covenant remain
with a necessity of all this teaching, and whv
is termed Christian work ; therefore, so man
run to outwardly ordained ministers, ore
nances, — nay, to Eome, where it is assertt
they confer grace ; although at the preser
the youth are more attracted by emotion
and sensational preaching, which isconducii,
to excite the mind and rouse the imaginatio
That eminent minister of Christ, W. E
muudson, relates the follow' ^, which toe:
place at Hartford, N. E. " A preacher amoi
the Baptists, took up the argument again
truth, charging Friends with holding a gre
error, which was, that every man had a me
sure of the Spirit; and would know if I he .
the same error. I told him that was no errc
for the Scriptures witnessed to it plentifull
He said, that he denied that the world hf
received a measure of the Spirit, but believe
had i-eceived it. I told him that the apost
said, a manifestation of the Spirit is given
every one to profit withal. He said, that w;
meant to every one of the believers. I to
him, Christ had enlightened every one th.
came into the world with the light of H
Spirit. He said, that was every one of tl
believers that came into the world. And as
brought him Scriptures, he still applied the
to the believers, saying, that was the grour
of our error, in applying that to every mt
which properly belonged to believers. Tht
the Lord, by his good Spirit, brought to eg <
mind the promise of our Saviour, when li «
told his disciples of his going away, that I i
would send the Comforter, the Spirit of Trui
that should convince the world of sin, ai
should guide his disciples into all truth. Thi
the same Spirit of Truth, that leads the b.
lievers into all truth, convinces the world
sin. So thou must grant, that all have i
ceived it, or else show from the Scripture,.
select number of believers ; and besides thei
a world of believers who have the Spirit, al
another world of unbelievers, that have i
measure of the Spirit to convince them of si
Here the Lord's testimony came over him,'
that he was stopped, and many sober proff
sors who staid to see the end, aequiesci'
therewith, and said, indeed Mr. Rogers, tl
man is in the right; for you must findasele, -
number of believers, besides a world that ha'
a measure of the Spirit that convinces the
of sin, and a world that hath not the Spirit, i
not convinced of sin ; this you must do, ij
grant the argument. He was silent, and tij
people generally satisfied in that matter, the •
understanding being opened ; so they took the
THE FRIEND.
167
)ave of me very lovingly, it being late in the
ight." It is c-ertainly very mournful to see
ae youth of the Society, so generallj' depart-
lig from the faith, ajid following the vain
liHhions which our predecessors were turned
i-om, yet, I trust, there will still remain those
I'ho are willing to take up the cross and to
lespise the shame ; for these are the only
Isrms of discipieship, and not allow the cares
f the world, the deceitfulness of riches and
!ie love of other things, to choke the seed
i)wn in their hearts, but so minister thereto,
lat it may grow and bring forth good fruit,
'leet for Him who is the dispenser thereof.
S. C.
'Millvillc, N. Y., 12th mo. 21st, 1873.
Habits of Black Bass. — A writer in the Ger-
antown Telegraph, communicates some in-
resting facts in regard to the breeding habits
' the black bass, as observed by him in the
'elaware river, and elsewhere. He remarks
at as the time lor spawning draws near the
ale and female ijsh come together in pairs,
i.ch pair having a separate spawning ground,
gravel bottom is usually selected, which is
'36 from sticks and stones, which is cleared
'V a space of about two feet in diameter,
adily recognized by its clear and regular
ipearance. When the eggs are deposited and
ipregnated by the male, both watch with
^eat assiduuj- i-er the bed, driving off evcrj-
truder. When the eggs are hatched, the
' tire family moves away, the parents altend-
c upon their young until able to take care
i| themselves, when they drop away one by
(le. The writer remarks that he has seen a
Iss an inch and a half long with a fish three-
lurths of an inch long in its mouth. Their
jowth is very rapid, being as much as from
T-o to four inches in a month. The author,
iving watched some in a stream recently
ocked with them, was able to appreciate
feir increase in size from week to week,
'.'ley reached the length of from five to six
iihes by autumn. — Harper's Magazine.
I humbly crave that we, parents and lead-
i'j persons in families and meetings, faithful
misters and elders, may be inward with the
]ird and join in deep supplication to Him,
lat He may be pleased, in his inexpressible
] ring kindness, to remember the youth of our
toe, grant them a gracious visitation, lay
lit hold on them, as by the shepherd's crook
( his blessed truth and power, circumcise
leir hearts to serve him; and also, that he
■■juld be pleased in his tender mercy, to reach
1 to all poor wandering prodigals, whereso-
• er they are scattered, and bring again the
lit sheep to the fold of rest. — D. Hall.
Although I lived four or five miles from our
i;eting, yet, whatever I neglected, I attend-
« that, if at home, on Fourth-days as well as
Irstdays. God knew what inclined me so to
(, it was my love to Him and his Truth,
nich was more to me than anything in this
iirld. — John Croker.
we not unfrequently see hanging in the sitting
and bed-rooms of our members, under the im-
pression that by being constantly seen, they
lose all effect, and come to be no more regard-
ed than a common ornament or picture. But
to the writer, it seems so important that the
minds of children should be deeply impressed
with the thought that they are always in the
])resenco of the Lord, and as visible objects
are often the means of awakening thought,
this text, " The eyes of The Lord are in every
place," placed in the room they most con-
stant!}' occupy, in position where it will fre-
quently be seen, may prove a most valuable
aid ; particularly if suitably commented on
and referred to by the parents. And for those
of us who are older, prone as we are to be
unwatchful, might it not often operate as a
useful check, to be thus by a glance reminded
that at that very moment, the All-seeing eye
is taking cognizance of our every action, word
and inmost thought? Nothing can be hidden
from Him, and shall wo not then use every
means, early tojteach our children the neces-
sity of watchfulness, as every " secret thing
shall be brought into judgment, whether it bo
good or evil."
New York, 12th mo. 22d, 187:5.
THE FRIEND.
FIRST MONTH 10. 1874.
For "The Friend."
Teach Your Children the Fear of the Lord.
[n these days of much " outward work,"
''lich sometimes seems in danger of being sub-
i tuted for the true and only effectual work of
I'igion upon the heart, there may be an ob-
j tion felt by some, to the use of texts which
Wo have no doubt that the writer of the
article, headed, "Teach your Children the
Fear of the Lord," is sincerely desirous to
promote the best interest of children, but we
think the method proposed is not the right one.
It is substituting and teaching to depend on
outside means, instead of close attention to the
still, small voice of Divine Grace in the secret
of the heart. The reason given for having
the particular text of Scripture designated,
displayed in the manner mentioned, is similar
to that used by the papist or high-churchman,
for having an image, or a picture of ( 'hrist on
the cross, viz., that he may be reminded, when
looking at it, of the sufterings of his Saviour
for his sake.
We have given the article a place in our
columns to afford an opportunity for offering a
few remarks on what we have observed for a
few years past, to be a growing practice among
some Friends ; this, of having texts of Scrip-
ture hung upon the walls of some of the rooms
in their houses ; sometimes in gilt letters and
highly ornamented frames, evidently intended
as substitutes for pictures, and sometimes in
plainer forms. Whether as ornaments or not,
we think the practice decidedly objectionable ;
and that so far from their producing or con-
tinuing such impressions, as the texts usually
[chosen ought to, and perhaps would make, if
^presented to the minds of children or others,
under proper circumstances, it is rather calcu-
lated to create indifference to the truths the
texts contain, if not contempt, from the dis-
play made of them.
If we are really desirous to have the minds
of the children, and other members of our
families, imbued with a love for our Hea-
venly Father, with a right sense of account-
ability, and a proper estimate of the obliga-
tions and blessings of the religion which
Christ instituted for his followers, let the
children be early trained to listen for, and to
oboj', the still, small voice of the Holy Spirit,
speaking to their souls. As this comes to bo
experienced, the consciousness of being under
the immediate notice of the Omniscient One
will be over present, and He will manifest
himself to be not only a l{ej)rover and good
Remembrancer, but also a holy Teacher, that
cannot be removed into a corner ; in every
circumstance of life, saying, this is the way,
walk thou in it.
Above all things else should it be our con-
cern, and it is indispensable for parents who
are really desirous their children should bo
brought up in the nurture and admonition of
the Lord, — to give unmistakable evidence in
our own lives and conversation, that what
we teach by precept, we know practically
ourselves; that it is our daily and hourl}' en-
deavor to be found waiting on the unfoldings
of the Spirit of Truth to our own souls, and
to conform thereto by humbly taking up tho
cross, and denying the promptings of our own
will and carnal inclinations, and thus to wage
constant war against the god of this world,
and his potent auxiliaries, the lust of the eye,
the lust of the flesh and the pride of life.
As this living up to the profession which
Friends make, comes to be more fullj' known,
the Holy Scriptures will be more truly valued,
and more carefully kept in their proper jilace,
so as to make wise unto salvation, through
faith in Jesus Christ; and we will see less and
less resort to outside and unavailing substi-
tutes.
As tho Jews formerly, as they fell away
from, or overlooked the Spirit that gave life
and virtue to tho Law and the Prophets, made
broad their phylacteries, on which were writ-
ten words of the law, and bound them on their
foreheads, that they might appear to men to
set great store by tho letter, so it is among
professing Christians in the present day. In
]iroportion as they depart, or have departed,
from the life and power of Christ's religion,
they make more display of emblems, rites and
outside appearances of reverence for the Holy
Scriptures, and the truths they contain ; and
we fear, this display of texts on our walls
must be classed with other evidences of the
wide departure there is among F'riends from
conformity to the simplicity and spirituality
of their profession.
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
Foreign. — The Sp.-inish Cortes met in Madrid on
the 2d inst., and President Castelar read his message,
reviewing the course of events during the adjournment.
He said: "The government had acted promptly and
energetically against disturbances and conspiracies of
all liinds, and order has been maintained every where
except in the north, where the Carlists still maintained
their attitude of rebellion, and at Cart.igena, where, un-
fortunately, a criminal insurrection had possessed itself
of one of the strongest places in Spain, and, with it, the
best arsenals and most formidable iron clads and im-
I pregnable fortresses. Want of troops and resources
delay their recapture, which, however, is certain in the
end." He congrattdated the Cortes that the condition
of affairs is greatly improved, riotous outbreaks are
ceasing; the municipal authorities no longer seek to
exercise dictatorship, and popular risings, &c., have
been annihilated by universal suffrage. He appealed
to the Cortes to do their duty, and receive the verdict
of history as the conservative founders of the Spanish
Republic.
On the following day the members of the Cortes de-
cided against Castelar by a vote of 120 to 100, and as
.soon as the result was announced. General Pavia sent
an oflicer to the Chamber with a letter demanding the
dissolution of that body. Some of the deputies urged
Castelar to continue in power, but he declined doing so,
whereupon a company of the Municipal Guard entered
168
THE FRIEND.
and expelled llie Deputies. General Pavia, with his
staff", held a position outside, with cannon pointed at the
building, and having at his command a force of 14,000
troops. Pavia then dissolved the Cortes and summoned
the most eminent men of all parties, including mem-
bers of the present government, only excepting Carlists
and friends of the Insurgents, to form a new Ministry.
A Madrid dispatch of the 4th states that a Ministry has
been formed with Serrano at its head as President and
commander-in-chief.
On the 5th a decree was promulgated suspending the
constitutional guarantees, and putting in force through-
out Spain the laws of 1870, for the maintenance of
public order.
It was Serrano's wish that Castelar .should be a mem-
ber of the new Ministry, but the latter refused to again
accept office. Castelar, in a letter addressed to the
country, says he must protest with all his energy against
the recent Ijrutal coup cC etat. He concludes, " My con-
science will not permit me to associate with dema-
gogues, and conscience and honor refu.se to accept the
situation created liy bayonets."
Disturbances have arisen in Saragossa and a few other
place-s, but in general the revolution appears to be ac-
quiesced in by the Spaniards.
The treaty between Russia and Bokhara is published.
It gives the Khivan territory on the right bank of the
Amor Daria to Bokhara, which in return agrees to
abolish slavery and establish mutual trading facilities
with Russia.
Famine prevails in five districts of the Eus.sian pro-
vince of Samana, on the left bank of the Volga.
A St. Petersburg dispatch says, the article in the
treaty between Russia and Bokhara abolishing slavery,
is directly due to the exertions of the members of the
American legation at St. Petersburg.
A legal investigation in London of the causes of the
collision between the Ville du Havre and the Loch
Earn, resulted in the unanimous decision of the court,
that Captain Robertson, of the Loch Earn, was blame-
less.
A Penang dispatch of 12th mo. 30th says : There has
been another engagement in Acheen between the Dutch
troops and a large force of the Acheenese, in which the
latter were defeated, with heavy losses in killed and
wounded.
Rumbling sounds from Momit Vesuvius have been
heard in Naples within the past few days, and an erup-
tion of the volcano is believed to be imminent.
Advices from Cape Coast Castle report that Sir Gar-
net WoLsely has advanced into the interior, and that
the Asbantees fled before him. They were driven
across the river Piah, re-entering their own country in
great disorder. They left a large number of dead and
wounded on the bank of the river, and many more were
drowned in the crossing.
The steamship Elbe, on her passage from London to
Hamburg, was lost at sea, and thirty-two of tlie persons
on board perished.
London, 1st mo. .5th. — Consols 92. The rate of dis-
count in the open market for three months bills is 3|
per cent., or J hclow the Bank of England rate.
Liverpool. — Uplands cotton Sd.; Orleans, S\d.
Havana dispatches say : The home government has
granted without restriction, the extraordinary jiowers
demanded by the Captain General. The Conservative
party here is highly delighted with the change of gov-
ernment at Madrid.
United States. — The interments in Philadelphia
last week numbered 310, including 44 deaths pf con-
sumption, and 30 inflammation of the lungs. The mean
temperature of the 12th mo., by the Penna. Hospital
record, was 38.37 degrees, the highest during the month
67.50, and the lowest 19.50 deg. The amount of rain
1.75 inches. The average of the mean temperature of
the 12th mo. for the past 84 years, is stated to be 32.62
deg., the highest mean in that entire period was in
1848, 45 deg., and the lowest in 1S32, 25 deg.
The total rain fall of 1873 was 58.22 inches, which is
much above the average.
Interments in New York city last week 548.
The public debt .statement of the 1st inst. shows an
increase during the Twelfth month of $8,453,272. The
currency balance was S4,277,851, and the coin balance
$91,479,100.
The steamer Virginius, which was surrendered by
the Cuban authorities, left the Tortugas the 19th ult., in
tow of the Ossipee. Rough weather was met with, and
it was found the Virginius leaked badly. On the 26th
she sunk in eight fathoms water on the shoals about
ten miles south of Cape Fear light. No lives were lost,
all on hoard being safely transferred to the Ossipee.
The agents of the French Steamship Company in
New York have received a dispatch from Paris an-
nouncing that the French Admiralty Court has pro-
nounced judgment exonerating the Ville du Havre,
and holding that the Loch Earn was the cause of the
disaster.
The total number of hogs packed at Chicago between
11th mo. ISth and 12th mo. 31,st last, was 1,060,668,
against 695,500 for the same time last year.
The Railway Monitor gives the total mileage of all
the railroads in the United States, at the clo.se of 1872,
as 67,374. During the past year the mileage added
was 4,190, making the present aggregate 71,564 miles.
Illinois remains the leading railroad State, with a mile-
age of 6,479. Pennsylvania stands next with 5,845
miles of road. The total cost of railroads and equip-
ments is stated to be $3,728,416,958.
The trade of Charleston, S. C., is steadily on the in-
crease. In 1865, the exports of cotton from that port
were only 39,882 bales. In 1873 they had reached
208,671 bales.
A freight car containing over two million dollars
worth of silk-worms eggs, on their way from Yoko-
hama, Japan, to Milan, Italy, arrived recently at the
Hudson River Depot, in New Y'ork. The eggs were
in 329 cases, weighing altogether nearly nine tons.
Congress re-assembled in Washington on the 5th inst.
The Senate entered upon a discussion regarding the
amendment or repeal of the Bankrupt law, and the
proposed repeal of the law increasing salaries. In the
House the consideration of the supplemental civil
rights bill was resumed. It was opposed by Stephens,
of Georgia, Harris, of Virginia, and others, who con-
tended that Congress had no power to enact such a law,
and that all such legislation should be left for the
States.
The Markets, &c. — The following were the quotations
on the 5th inst. New York. — American gold, llli.
U. S. sixes, 1881, reg. 1161 i coupons, 117 ; ditto, 1868,
116; ditto, 10-40 6 per cents, 1121. Superfine flour,
15.85 a S6.30 ; State extra, $6.70 a 3-7 ; finer brands,
$7.50 a $10.50. No. 1 Chicago spring wheat, S1.62;
No. 2 do., $1.59; No. 3 do., $1.57 ; red State, $1.68.
New western oats, 63 a 64 cts. Western mixed corn, 84
cts. ; new, 78 a 85 cts. State barley, $1.60. Philadel-
phia.— Middlings cotton, 16.1 a Hi cts. for uplands and
New Orleans. Cuba sugar, 7^ a S cts. Extra flour,
$6 a $6.50; finer brands, $7 a $10. White wheat,
$1.75 a $1.85; amber, $1.72 a $1.75. Rye, 90 a 93 cts.
Old yellow corn, 84 a 85 els. ; new, 72 a 78 cts. Oats,
57 a 59i cts. About 3000 beef cattle arrived at the
Avenue Drove-yard. Common sold at 3i a 5 cts. per
lb. gross; fair to good, 5i a 7 cts.; extra, 7i a 8 cts.
Sales of 11,000 sheep at 4 a 7 cts. per lb. gross, and 7000
hogs at $8 a $8.50 per 100 lb. net. Chicaijo. — Spring
extra flour, $5.75 a $6. No. 1 spring wheat $1.25 ; No.
2 do., $1.22; No. 3 do., $1.16. No. 2 mixed corn, -54^
cts. No. 2 oats, 39 cts. No. 2 rye, 77 cts. No. 2 fall
barley, S1.42 a Sl.45. Lard, $8.60 per 100 lbs. St.
Louis.— :^o. 2 spring wheat, $1.22; No. 3 fall, $1.44.
No. 2 mixed corn, 51 i cts. Oats, 42 a 42; cts.
ERRATUM.
In " Memoirs and Letters of Sarah Hillman," on pa;
154, 3rd col., and 6th line from top, for Lord read kn
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
As the stations of Superintendent and Matron of th
Institution are expected to be vacated at the close of tl
Winter Session, in the 4th month next. Friends wl
may feel drawn to undertake the duties attached
them, are requested to communicate thereon with eith
of the. following named members of the Committee.
Nathaniel N. Stokes, Cinnaminson Post-oflic
Burlington Co., N. J.
Charles Evans, No. 702 Race St., Philadelphi;
Deborah Rhoads, Haddonfield, N. J.
Rebecca S. Allen, No. 335 S. Fifth St., Philad
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE.
Near Frankford, {Twenty-third Ward,) Philadelphia
Physician and Superintendent— -JosHTJA H. Wokt
INGTON, M. D.
Applications for the Admission of Patients may
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Board
Managers.
FRIENDS' LIBRARY'.
For the convenience of those who attend Arch Street
Meeting, the Library will be open hereafter on Fifth-
day mornings, from half past 9 to 10 o'clock.
THE INDIAN AID ASSOCIATION.
The Executive Committee of Philadelphia Friends
having accepted charge of the schools for the Wyan-
dotte, Wichita, Kiowa and Comanche Indians, request
the contributions of Friends in order to supply some
pressing needs.
It has been found necessary to collect the children in
Boarding Schools, and various articles [of clothing,
furniture, &c., are wanted to insure their comfort and
proper care. Some money can also be judiciously ex-
pended in school supplies, in addition to those provided
by the (Government.
This is a critical time in Indian affairs, and help now
will be extremely valuable.
Contributions may be sent to John S. Stokes, at
this office.
FRIENDS' BOARDING SCHOOL FOR INDIAN
CHILDREN, TUNESASSA, NEW YORK.
A teacher of the school will be wanted at the com-
mencement of the Spring terra. Also a Friend to act
as assistant matron.
Application may be made to
Ebenezer Worth, Marshallton, Chester Co., Pa.
Joseph Scattergood, 413 Spruce St., Philada.
Aaron Sharpless, Street Road P. O., Chester
Co., Pa.
Thomas Wistar, Fox Chase P. O., Philada.
Died, 6th mo. 2d, 1873, in the eightieth year of I
age, Isaac Cakr, an esteemed member of Upp
Springfield Monthly Meeting, Ohio. He bore a loi
and suffering illness with much patience, leaving 1
friends a hope that his end was peace.
, at his residence, Chester Co., Pa., on the 6th
9th mo. 1873, Joseph Chambers, a beloved memh
and elder of Newgarden Monthly and Particular Mei
ing, in the 91st year of his age. He retained his me
tal faculties until near the close of his earthly pilgrii
age ; and was a worthy example of integrity and u
rightness through the course of a long life, and wa.'
diligent attender of all our religious meeeings, un
prevented by weakness and the infirmities of age. 1
evinced by the peacefuluess of his spirit, and the cal
serenity of his countenance, that his mind was stay
in humble dependence upon Divine support ; saying
was waiting to be released. "The memory of the jr. |
is blessed." .
, on the 29th of the 12th month, 1873, at his r\
sidence in Germantown, Pa., I. Wistar Evans, ? •
of the late Thomas Evans, of Philadelphia, in t
thirty-eighth year of his age, a member of Germaulo'
Particular and Frankford Monthly Meeting. Tl
dear young Friend, who was greatly beloved by I
family and relatives, had, by his sweet disposition a
engaging manners, strongly attached to him.self a lar>
circle of friends. With good intellectual abilities, z.
a warm interest in the welfare of others, he had willii-
ly and usefully devoted time and energy to promo '
•several of the benevolent objects, that for a numberf I
years past, have engaged the attention of membersf
our religious Society, and gave reason to hope he woi \
become still more earne.stly engaged to maintain i
doctrines and testimonies. He was impressed, in i
early stage of his disease, that it would prove to be !i ;
last sickness, and when, in reviewing his past life, I'
good Remembrancer set his sins in order before hi.
deep was the agony of spirit he endured, under the C( ■
viction that he had not kept in the strait and narr
path of self-denial, and that though he now saw hoff ;
had departed from it, he had not the power, of himsi,
to repent therefor. Strong were his convictions of I!
guilt of sin, and earnest his wrestlings and petitions • i
mercy and to be delivered therefrom. And, as he ■
signed himself unreservedly into the Lord's hand, al i
bore the ministration of condemnation, the comp-
sionate Saviour was pleased to awaken in his soul tit
godly sorrow which worketh repentance unto salvati', i
and, in his own time, to grant him an evidence, that : |
his mercy's sake. He had washed away his sins in i I
own blood; so that, in humility he was enabled to s,
"The end, whether life or death, will be peace ;" "Is
Lord is my Shepherd, I shall not want."
_ , on the 31st of the 12th month, 1873, o{l
eighty-four years, Elizabeth Hxttchinson, a belo\l
member and elder of the Monthly Meeting of Frien
of Philadelphia. This dear Friend having early si-
raitted to the transforming power of Divine Grace, ■
came clothed with the ornament of a meek and qu.
spirit; and by her consistent walk adorned the doctri
she professed, being a preacher of righteousness in h
and conversation. Soon after her last sickness beg ,
she told her sister there was nothing in her way. '
one occasion, in the early morning, she said, " Let !
go, the day breaketh," and not long before the peacel ■
close, she remarked, "I am nearing the port." "P-
cious in the sight of the Lord is the death of his saint '
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
irOL. XLVII.
SEVENTH-DAY, FIRST MONTH 17, 1874.
NO. 22.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
;e Two Dollars per annum, if paid in advance. Two
dollars and fifty cents, if not paid in advance.
SubacriptiOQS and PaymentB received by
JOHN S. STOKES,
T NO. 116 SOBTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS,
PHILADSLFHIA.
tage, when paid quarterly in advance, five cents.
; Tbeatrical Amusements and Horse-racing.
\t a meeting of the Representatives of the
ligious Sooiety of Friends in Pennsylvania,
■vp Jersey and Delaware, held in Philadel-
a the 19ih day of the Twelfth month, 1873 :
,8 Committee to whom was referred the
isideraiion of the concern in reference to
corruptini;; inttiieiice of Theatrical E.\hi-
ons, and the demoralizing effects pi-odiiced
Horse-racing, both in regular Race Courses
I at Agricultural Fairs, produced the fol-
•ing Address, which, being read and de-
irately coDsidered, was united with and
I'pted.
Jxtracled from the minutes.
[ Joseph Sc.\ttergood, Clerl;.
ADDRESS.
Ijjnder an affecting sense of the responsi-
tty attached to the members of a commu-
7 that professes to be bi'lievers in the self-
lying religion of Jesus Christ, the Saviour
;he world, and impressed with the grievous
lartures from the sobriety and pure morality
ch that religion enjoins, we feel ourselves
led on, as those who must give account, to
ress our fellow citizens, and invoke their
Intion to the sad evidences of iniquity that
und in our midst, and to call them to a
[ous consideration of its consequences.
is a declaraiion of Holy Scripture, that
i|hteousness exalteth a nation, hut sin is a
■oach to anj- ijeople." — Prov. xiv. chap. 34
|,niJ we feel that whatever tends to lower
Gospel standard of virtue, is detrimental
.0 ae best interests of the community. In
hi connection we have been led to consider
h influence exerted by two of the most
w liar modes of public amusement — theatri-
-•a 'xhibitions and horse-racing.
• Idle arguments have been advanced in
Wjdfof the drama as a means of instruction
islell as entertainment, we are ])ainfully im-
prised with the belief that, whatever may
1)6 s supposed capabilities in this direction,
tb' practical effect of theatrical exhibitions
IS I no wise to improve the morals, or elevate
thi taste of those who witness them. It is
nn needful to observe the character and
tei'r of many of the more popular plays, in
Of'T to be convinced that at best they give
fel views of life, and that, if they do not
commend, they at least palliate various forms
of vice and immorality. Arc manliness and
courage to be illustrattd? how often is the
hero but a daring highwayman or a notorious
outlaw. Are more lender impulses to be de-
picted? how" frequently is the libertine or the
woman of loose morals personated ujjon the
stage — not for reprobation, nor j'et simply to
add a higher coloring to the wild romance
which is so fascinating — but because thej'
pander, however covertly, to some of the
grossest pro])ensities of our nature. Should
a serious character be occasionally introduced,
is there not contempt at once thrown upon
serious things, which often too successfully
fixes the impression that religion at best is
mere pretence, and that religious people us a
rule are but hypocrites.
In evidence of the correctness of these im-
pressions, the reports and comments of many
of our daily prints give ample testimonj';
while we need but mark the placards at oui
street corners, with which all are familiar, in
order to be satisfied as to the character of the
ntertainm>'nt to which in glowing colors they
invite the public. That the spectacles thus
idvi rtised find a ready response among a class
whose lives are given up to dissipation in its
worst forms, we need but to state that there
are probably few theatres to which abandoned
women do not fi-eely resort, and that man}' of
the actors themselves are believed to be ol
licentious habits.
To introduce young persons of innocent life
and fair reputation to such associations as
these, cannot but be very injurious. Yet how
often have we to witness with sorrow, the
crowds of mere boj's and girls who throng
the doors of the pKiy-bouso by night and bj'
lay, eager for admittance. Can they return
from such a school without receiving some
lesson which may prove their first step to
ruin, or confirming tastes and habits that have
already' become vitiated ?
The testimony of many a convict has been,
that theatre-going made him first familiar
with the doings of the thief or the murderer,
and their shifts in evading justice. That the
taste for such a life once contracted, he found
his way readily to the drinking saloon with
all its evil associations; and that thence his
downward course was rapid and ruinous.
A number of writers, widely known for
their abilities and varied knowledge, have
given their emphatic testimony that the gen-
eral tone of dramatic literature is demoraliz-
ing; that there is a strong tendency in the
exhibitions on the stage to deaden the moral
sensibilities ; to create a disrelish for the
solemn truths of religion; to minister to the
low appetites of the depraved, and to betray
theinnoeent into the paths of vice and miserj-.
In close connection with the evils attendant
upon the theatre, opera and circus, are those
growing out of the practice of horse-racing.
So manifest have these been, that more than
one legislative enactment has been passed
with a view to its prevention. But by boldlj'
evading the spirit of the law, and ujjon various
pretexts, it is to be feared, that this sport, if
such it may be called, is again growing into
favor. In its true character, it may be fairly
desitrnated as gambling on a large scale ; the
shulHing of cards and the throwing of dice,
being exchanged for the uncertain and pain-
ful effortsof poor dumb animals, urged to their
highest speed by whip and spur. Cruel and
!el)asing in itself, its usual attendants are in-
temperance and profanity. As in the theatre
so on the race-course, the moral atmosphere
is tainted ; and under the contagious excite-
ment, the compai-atively innocent, lured on by
gamblers and other profligate characters, often
risk stake after stake until involved in haras-
sing debt, and betrayed, it may be, into other
violations of luorality, they finally cover them-
selves with disgrace and ruin. To gratify
the taste for this cruel pastime, agricultural
■iocieties have, of late, introduced trotting at
their exhibitions, ostensibly for the purpose
of improving the breed of horses; but even
under their supervision, the tem]jtation to
wagering is too strong for prevention, and it
may well be feared that, instead of promoting
the original design of such fairs, they have
thus become means of demoralizing a jiortion
of our rural jiopulation.
In the early days of this Commonwealth,
theatres and similar places of dissipation as
well as horse-racing, were prohibited by law ;
but in process of time, at the solicitation of
men of corrupt minds, and to secure an in-
crease of revenue, the legislature was induced
to grant the issuing of licenses for such exhibi-
tions. As the natural consequence, a marked
laxity in public morals followed this unwise
measure. But it is declared in the Scriptures
of Truth, " When the judgments of the Lord
are in the earth, the inhabitants of the world
will learn righteousness ;" and during the
awful scourge of our city by j-ellow fever in
ITO.'j, the peojde appeared to be greatly hum-
bled under a sense of the necessity for refor-
mation. Availing themselves of this favorable
condition, a number of the leading ministers
of various religious persuasions, put forth and
signed a memorial to the legislature, asking
for the passage of a law against vice and im-
morality; in which they represented, that in
their apprehension, it was "peculiarly neces-
sary to make some effectual provision * * *
for regulating and lessening the number of
houses where intoxicating liquors are sold and
used ; for the suppression of all i)laces of gam-
ing and lewd resort, and for the enacting of
a law to prevent theatrical exhibitions of every
sort." To this memorial thej- appended " Some
Considerations," to show the deleterious in-
fluence of theatrical exhibitions, in evidence
of the necessity for their prohibition.
It is of the utmost importance to the well-
being of civil society, that the minds of the
young be imbued with the principles of piety
and virtue ; with the habit of listening to and
170
THE FRIEND.
obeying the secret intimations of Divine Grace
to their souls, and with a reverend regard I'or
the sacred truths recorded in the Holy Scrip-
tures, in order that they may enter upon the
duties of life, prepared to resist the tempta-
tions to evil, and to act their part as becomes
Christian men and women. Upon them and the
course they take, must greatly depend the fu-
ture weal or woe of our beloved countrj-. How
deplorable a calamity is it then, that such
schools of licentiousness and folly as theatres,
operas, race-courses, &c., are thrown open to
them on all sides; that they are sanctioned
and encouraged by not a few who claim to be
reputable, nod even by Christian professors;
that they are countenanced and applauded by
a large proportion of the public press, and
stimulated to make use of every means in their
power, by the brilliance of scener}-, thecharms
of music'^ the address of performers, and the
splendor of their whole establishments, to en-
tice the 3'oung of both sexes within their con-
taminating precincts.
While, however, thus deploring the de-
moralizing effects of exhibitions which, under
the plea of needful recreation, find place with
many, we rejoice in the persuasion that there
is a large, and we trust increasing number
among our fellow-citizens, who need but to
have their attention seriously turned towards
the evils under consideration, in order to be
convinced of their true character : and that
by fostering them in our midst, the commend-
able efforts of devoted men and women, who
are seekingto raise the general tone of society,
by diffusing higher views of life and duty, are
of necessity thwarted, or largely counteracted.
As a nation we have been singularly blessed
and prospered, and it is to the benign influ-
ences of the Christian religion, in so far as
they have been allowed to exert themselves,
that much of this prosperity is to be justly
attributed. Yet we would earncstlj' press the
consideration, that it is not a mere profession
of the name of Christ, that will promote his
cause or the highest interest of mankind, but
a conformity of the lives of men to His teach-
ings. It is as His blessed government comes
to be set up in their hearts, that they will be
led to recognize the wide difference that ever
has existed and eYer must, between His king-
dom and that of the god of this world ; and
that the Christian is clearly called to exemp-
lif^y this important truth in his own daily
walk.
For those who love our Lord Jesus Christ
in sincerity, and long with us to see His king-
dom and truth exalted in the earth, we ten-
derly desire that thej', as well as ourselves,
may be brought fully to appreciate the re-
sponsibility of giving even a silent or negative
approval to an3' form of pojiular diversion,
■whereby that high standard which the re-
ligion of the New Testament has undoubtedly
set up, shall appear to be in anywise lowered.
We fear, that as professed Christians, too
many of us are coming short of our duties ;
first — to the Lord, in not keeping our own
souls pure, humble and faithful to Him, and
secondlj', in too easily persuading ourselves
that we are free from responsibility for the
actions of others. The true disciple rejoices
to feel that, in the Divine sight, the souls of
his fellow beings are precious as his own, and
that the mercy of God in Christ Jesus reaches
to all. Instead of being engrossed in his own
gains and pleasures, his heart will go forth in
good will to the whole ftimily of man He
dare not ask the question, " Am I my brother's
keeper?" but a sense of duty will prompt him,
under Divine direction, to raise the fallen, to
gather the outcast, to shield the innocent and
the unwary from temptation. Especially will
he daily seek to live so near the blessed Mas-
ter, tha^t others may be thereby drawn to taste
for themselves how good the Lord is, while
he jealously watches'lest any act of his shall
put a " stumbling block or an occasion to fall
in a brother's way." Sharing, as every true
follower of Christ must do, in efforts and desires
such as these, we feel that however else we
may differ, we herein stand upon common
ground ; and that we need each others hearty
support in endeavoring, by every right means,
to stem a current which, it may well be
feared, is steadily growing stronger, and is
stealthily undermining what is pure and vir-
tuous in the community.
■ i\
For "The FrienJ."
Brotherly Rindiicss and Regard.
It is often a query in the mind of the writer,
whether Friends of to-day are sufficiently open
towards, and spiritually helpful one to another,
in handing even a cup of cold water, if no
more be given them, to comfort, to animate,
and to strengthen a brother or a sister in the
trihulated and conflicting journey of life!
" Bear ye one another's burdens, and so fulfil
the law of Christ," is a clear as well as a pre-
cious apostolic precept. And so is: "Look
not everj' man on his own things, but every
man also on the things of others." While
from the same authority comes, "Be ye one
another's helpers in the Lord." And dear
John Barclay writes : " Ah ! it is little we can
do for one another ; j'et let us be willing to do
that Utile which offers. 1 often think how
short may be the season, wherein we may be
permitted, or may have occasion foi-, the com
fort, aid, and sujiport, one of another. Many
opportunities for giving a hand of help, or a
cuj) of cold water, we do not embrace ; but we
suffer them to go by unimproved, or fritter
them awaj' in our intercourse one with an-
other, even with those nearest and dearest to
us in an outward or inward sense."
These reflections have been suggested from
considerations not only of how the early
Fi'iends when imprisoned, persecuted, afflict-
ed, tormented, endeavored in much regard
and tenderness, to stir up the gift of God in
each other unto the exercise of pjatience in the
spoiling of their goods, and the varied endur-
ance of " hardness" which they were called
to ; hut likewise of some more recently passed
away, who, not blind to, or ignorant — from
being careless spectators — of the spiritual
wounds and bruises and sorrows, and need of
help, that some in this day have to endure,
were engaged in the spirit of love and brother-
ly kindness to soothe the heart, and smooth
the pathway of these by feelings of livelj-
sympathy, no less than by the expression of
affectionate interest and regard under the dis-
couragements and varied trials of their day.
The subjoined extracts from letters of our
dear friend, .loseph Elkinton, who deceased
2d rao. 9th, 186S, very pleasantly exemplify
this:—
"Earnestly, my dear friend, do I crave thy
continued preservation in that path thy divine
Master designs thou should walk in ; and I
may say also, that I believe thou wilt experi-
ence it; which is cause of rejoicing to me on
thy account. Be faithful to all the manifes-
tations of the Divine Spirit made known
thee as being required, and great will be t"
peace. Reason not with flesh and blood wt
thou becomes satisfied a service is required
thee by thy Ileavenlj' Father, but rather lo<
to Him, who giveth power to the faint ; ai
to those that have no might he increase
strength ; and I fully believe He will susta
thee in the accomplishment of all that
maj^ be pleased to require at thy hands. ]
assuredly 'He is not an hard Master, reapii
whore he has not sown, and gathering whe
he has not strewn, as thou bast been enabl
abundantly to testify at divers times in
course of thj- pilgrimage. Go on then,
dear friend, in the path thou hast chosen ; ai
that the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacc
continue to be pleased to go before thee,
also be thy rearward, is the sincere desire
thy friend aflectionately,
Joseph Elkinton."
" Thou may rest assured, ray beloved friei
that aspirations for thy preservation are oft
felt by thy friend. That preservation will
cxpei-ienctd, I have no doubt, as thou c
tinues to desire above every other conside
tion that the will of thy Heavenly Fatl
may be thoroughly and perfectly wrought
within thee. 'Fear none of those thii
which thou shalt suffer: behold, the de
shall cast some of you into prison, that
inay be tried; and ye shall have tribulat
ten days: be thou faithful unto death, an<
will give thee a crown of life.' This langus
is as'^true and reliable as it was the daj
was uttered ; may it be recurred to by th
saith my spirit, when low and baptizing 8
sons may be thy portion. The Lord will hf
a tried people ;"but He will never forsake I
people unless they first forsake Him. M
it then be our primary concern to cleave cl
to Him in our closest trials and great be-
ments.
With feelings of affection, I remain
friend " Jo.seph Elkinton
" Thy consolatory communication of yest
daj-, came duly to hand this morning. A
truly glad, I can assure thee, I have felt tl
thoi'i Took pen and paper to commune w
one who often has thee in remembrance, £
earnestly desires thy preservation in thisc
of treading down and trampling upon the1
timonies tliat were given us as a society
maintain. While alluding to this subjec
feel disposed to rehearse the language mj
use of in a little pamphlet published to m
the state of things in Ireland, a few copief
which have been received. It says in
place, ' Was there ever a period when it
more needful to recur to the good old w.
the sound principles and christian practici
our fathers in the Truth. We cannot be
much awake to the devices of Satan, wb
are lulling men to rest, and leading then-
think that a more relaxed support of our
timonies will now do. If these test! mot
are of Divine origin, as they most assure
are, it must be the Lord's will that they
firralv- supported. Should lukewarmne.ss Qi
spread the body, and they bo allowed to:
or the attempt be made to keep the form w
out Divine wisdom and strength, univei
lifelessness must ensue, and the very existe
of the Societj- be jeoparded.'
Ah! indeed, the days of mourning :
anxiety for the preservation of our religi
Society are not a few; and when I tak
THE FRIEND.
171
trospectivo view of tho many that have
ten taken to their everlastitjg home, with
hom I used to 'take sweet counsel, ami
alked unto the house of God in company,'
ou would not be surprised to be told that
alicgs of strippedness should at times be my
perienee. * * Truly can I say I love those
at love the Lord ; and do crave a continu-
08 of thy sympathetic feeling.
From thy friend,
Joseph Elkinton,
ho often has thee in remembrance and de-
es thj- preservation in 'that path which no
,vl knoweth, and which the vulture's eye
th not seen : tho lion's whelp hath not
)dden it, nor the fierce lion passed by it.'
Farewell, vaj dear friend."
^
Comets.
OOTING-STARS. METEORS OF NOVE.MBER 14.
^CoDtinued from page 163.;
Since the memorable display of November
, 1S33, the phenomena of shooting stars
ve been observed and discussed with a very
ely interest. Among the first laborers in
is department of research the names of
msted, Ileirick, and Twining must ever
Id a conspicuous place. The fact that the
sition of the radiant point did not change
th the earth's rotation at once placed the
smical origin of the meteors wholly beyond
estiou. 'J'he theory- of a ring of nebulous
itter revolving round the sun in an elliptic
ait — a theory somewhat ditfereut from that
Dposed b}^ Olmsted — was found to afford a
aple and satisfactory explanation of the
enomena. This h3'pothesis of an eccentric
eam of meteors intersecting the earth's
)it was adopted by Humboldt, Arago, and
lers, shortly after the occurrence of the
teoric shower of 1833.
ifew years previous to the display of 1866
(vas shown by Professor Newton, of Yale
liege, that the distribution of meteoric mat-
around the ring or orbit is far from uni-
m ; that the motion is retrograde ; that the
de of the orbit has an annual forward mo-
n of 102". 6 with respect to the equinox, or
52".4 with respect to the fixed stars ; that
! periodic time must be limited to five ac-
ately determined periods, viz: 180.05 days.
').54 days, 351.62 days, 376.5 days, or 33.25
trs ; and that the inclination of the orbit to
) ecliptic is about 17°. Professor Newton,
reasons assigned, regarded the third jieriod
oaed as the most probable. He remarked,
wever, that by computing the secular mo-
il of the node for each periodic time, and
nparing the result with the known preces-
D, it was ])0ssible to determine which of
'■ five periods is the correct one.
^'or the application of this crucial test, — a
iblem of more than ordinary interest, — we
indebted to Professor J. C. Adam-", of
mbridgo, England. By an elegant analysis
vas first shown that for either of the first
r periods designated by Professor Newton,
annual motion of the nod.', resulting from
netary perturbation, would be considerably
! than one half of the observed motion. It
y remained, therefore, to examine whether
period of 33} years would give a motion
the node corresponding with observation.
)fe880r Adams found that in this time the
gitude of the node is increused 20' by the
ion of Jupiter, 7' by the action of Saturn,
L r by that of Uranus. The effect of the
er planets is scarcely perceptible. The cal-
culated motiiiu in 33} years is therefore 28'.
The observed motion in the same time, accord
ing to Professor Newton, as previously stated,
is 29'. This remarkable accordance was at
once accepted by astronomers as satisfactory
evidence that the period is about 33.25 years.
Having determined the periodic time, the
mean distance, or serai-axis major, is found by
Kepler's third law to be 10.34. The aphelion
is consequently situated at a conijiarativcly
short distance beyond the orbit of Uranus.
It was stated that shooting stars are the
dissevered fragments of coraetic matter, which,
|ienetrating our atmosphere, are rendered
luminous bj' the resistance so encountered.
Tho discover}- that comets and meteors are
actually' moving in the same orbits was first
announced by Signer Schiaparelli in 1867.
The coincidence of the orbits of Tempel's
comet as computed by Dr. Oppolzer, and the
meteors of November 14th, as determined by
Schiaparelli, is too close to be regarded as
merely accidental.
The fact is obviou.s that the meteors of No-
vember 14th are the products of tho comet's
gradual dissolution. It has been stated that
the comets of 1366 and 1866 are probably
identical. 'The inleival indicates a period of
33.283 years — greater b}- 39 days than that
f )und by Oppolzer. With this value of the
periodic time and the known secular variation
of the node it is found that tho comet and
Uranus were in close proximity about the be-
ginning of the j-ear 547 B.C. It is therefore not
improbable that the former was then thrown
into its present orbit by the attraction of the
latter. The celebrated Leverrier designated
the year 126 of our era as the probable epoch
of the comet's entrance into our system. This
date, however, is incompatible with the period
here adopted. It is worthy of remark, more-
over, as bearing on this question, that the ex-
tension of the cluster in the tenth centurj', as
indicated by tho showers of 902, 931, and 934.
was too great to have been effected in so short
a period as 800 years.
With tho period of 33.283 years it is easy
to find that tho comet will make a near ap
proach to the earth about the 16th or 17th of
November, 1965, and to Uranus in 1983. At
one of these ep'-chs the cometary orbit will
probably undergo considerable transforma-
tion.
We have seen that the comet of 1866, and
also the meteoroids fctUowing in its path, have
their perihelion at the orbit of the earth, and
their aphelion at the orbit of Uranus. Both
planets, therefore, at each encounter with the
current not only appropriate a portion of the
meteoric matter, but entirely change the or-
bits of many meteoroids. In regard to the
devastation produced by the earth in passing
through tho cluster, it is sufficient to state
that, according to Weiss, the meteor orbits
resulting irom the di~turbance will have all
possible periods from 21 months to 390 years.
It may be regarded, therefore, as evidence of
the recent introduction of this meteor-stream
into the solar system that the comet of 1866,
which constitutes a part of the cluster, has
not been deflected from the meteoric orbit by
either the earth or Uranus.
OTHER METEORIC STREAMS.
TheMefeorsof August7-ll. — Muschenbroek,
in his "Introduction to Natural Philosophy,"
published in 1762, stated as tho result of his
own observations that shooting-stars are more
abundant in August than in any other part of
tho year. Tho iact, however, that a maxi-
mum occurs on the 9th or lOtii of the month
was first shown by Quetelet in 1835. Since
that time tho shower has boon regularly ob-
-erved both in Europe and America; the
number of meteors at tho maximum some-
times amounting to 160 per hour. Their
tracks when produced backward intersect
each other at a particular point in the con-
stellation Perseus.
As tho earth is about five days in crossing
tho ring, its breadth is some parts cannot be
lessthali 8,000,ii00 miles.
In 1866 Professor Schiaparelli, on compu-
ting the orbit of this meteoric stream, noticed
the remarkable agreement of its elements
with those of Swift's or Tuttle's comet (1862,
III.), as computed by Dr. Oppolzer.
It appears probable, therefore, that tho
third comet of 1862 is a part of the meteoric
stream whose orbit is crossed by the earth on
the lOlh of jVugust.
The characteristics of different meteor-
zones afford interesting indications in regard
to their relative age, the magnitude and com-
position of their corpuscles, &c. Thus, if we
compare the streams of August 10 and No-
vember 14, we shall find that the former pro-
bably entered our system at a comparatively
remote epoch. We have seen that at each
return to perihelion the meteoric cluster is
extended over a greater arc of its orbit. Now,
Tuttle's comet and the August meteors un-
doubtedly constituted a single group previous
to their entering the solar domain. It is evi-
dent, however, from the annual return of tho
shower during the last 90 years, that tho ring
is at present nearly if not quite continuous.
That tho meteoric mass had completed many
revolutions before the ninth century of our
era is manifest from the frequent showers ob-
served between the years 811 and 841. At
the same time, the long interval of 83 years
between tho last observed display in the ninth
century, and the first in the tenth, seems to
indicate tho existence of a wide chasm in the
ring no more than a thousand years since.
Neither tlio period of the meteors nor that
of the comet can yet be regarded as accurately
ascertained. The latter, however, in all pro-
bability, exceeds the former by several years.
Now, at each passage of tho earth through
the elliptic stream, those meteoroids nearest
tho disturbing body must be thrown into or-
bits differing' more or le.ss from that of the
primitive group. In like manner the near
approach of the comet to the earth at an
ancient epoch may account for tho lengthen-
ing of its periodic time.
CTo be continned.)
SelectcJ.
" Oh ! the depths through which tho Lord's
ministers have to pass ! Surely, life itself the
natural life, would give way in tho conflicts
which are at times permitted to attend them,
only that the everlasting arms of God's salva-
tion are underneath. But the deeper their
trials and sufferings — the more they are
plunged as into tho verj' depths of death —
yea, if they feel at seasons as though they
■were left in the hands of their soul's enemies
— it is even through the bitterness and pangs
of these fiery trials that they are prepared to
I go forth in tho demonstration of the Spirit and
I power. Their experience is, that none could
ever deliver them from those soul-searching
ni
THE FRIEND.
baptisms, but the great God of Heaven and
earth, through and hy the power of the Lord
Jesus Chi'ist, who is with them alway, even
unto the end. Oh, that my soul may be
strengthened and enabled to partake, as oft as
my Lord pleaseth, of His own most glorious
but bitter cup. O, Lord Jesus Christ, increase
my faith in thy marvellous power: Thou
showest thy wonders in the deep, when we
go down to the sea of conflict — in our frail
vessels — when in them we are doing business
in great waters, thf/i we cry unto Thee, we
feelingly know that we are nothing, tliou art
our8aviourand Deliverer. When Thou bring-
est our souls up out of our distresses, then we
praise Thee for tbj- goodness and for thy won-
derful works towards us. Strengthen me, thy
unprofitable servant, to do Thy will, oh my
God ; and let not thy hand spare, nor thine
eye pity, till all within me is brought into
perfect obedience and resignation, for Christ's
sake. — A men ! — Edu-ard Alexander.
The Conibos.
A writer in Chambers' Journal, in a review
of Paul Marcoy's book of travels in South
America, gives an account of an Indian tribe
called the Conibos, "who have never suffered
the isolation of their savage life to bo inter-
rupted by communications from without, who
have adhered steadily to their own ways, and
whose aspect of today is, in all probability,
precisely the same as that of their forefathers
countless generations before the armed heel
of Pizarro rang upon the soil of Peru." The
writer continues :
" They are singularly short of stature, never
exceeding, rarely ever reaching five feet three,
lumpish of figure, with high clieekbones, small
yellow eyes (the pupils tobacco colored), ob
lique in shape and set wide apart. Their thick
lips disclosed yellow teeth, well set, and gums
dyed black by the use of an Indian plant called
yanammen. Their faces are almost spherical,
and P. Marcoy says this shape 'gives them a
look of bonhommie and simplicity which cor-
" But besides these ordinary designs, they
have arabesques of the most complicated kind
for gala daj's, which they apply to their faces
by a process of stencilling, just as the Etrus-
cans applied their patterns to their vases, and
they adorn themselves with necklaces and
earrings of black and Avhite beads which they
buy at Tierra P>lanca. A few of the men who
occasional!}^ visit the missions to exchange
turtles, or the prepared fat of those creatures,
or wax, for axes, knives and beads, have
learned the use of straw hats, which they
make for themselves from the young palm
reeds. The toilet of the men is a serious op
eration, in which a Conibo usually spends half
his time; the women never think of any per
sonal adornment, and are mere slaves, toilers
and beasts of burden. Their intelligence is
however, very remarkable, and it is with no
small surprise we learn that thej' possess an
extraordinary talent for the manufacture of
pottery, and for painting and varnishing it
afterward.
The arms of the Conibos are the bow
and arrow, the club and the shooting tube.
Through the last they send sharp poisoned
darts, but, unlike any other tribes of the Ama-
zon, whose war lances are almost always
poisoned, they use them solely for the destruc
tion of animals. The tribe live almost entirely
on the turtle. In vain do the forests and the
waters offer them a luxurious variety of food ;
nothing but the turtle, its flesh, its grease, its
eggs, its oil, has any charm for them. They
eat certain kinds of worms as hors-d'eeuvre.
and delight in fat, blood gorged mosquitoes,
which they permit to attain full condition
upon their own skin undisturbed as a bo?ine
bouche !
" A Conibo will offer to the friend or travel-
ler who visits his mud and leaf hut, the last
banana, the last morsel of turtle, the last \ev
of monkey, with the utmost cheerfulness^
Bigamy is tolerated among these peaceful
savages ; and indeed they would not object to
polygamy, only that they have made 'a law
without the operation of the Spirit in his sou
even that grace, which is the Divine gilt t
all men, and which I conceive brings all. wh:
adhere to it, into a converted state, whcthi
they be favored with the inspired writing,
which tell of the blessed and holy Redeeme::
or whether they be ignorant of them. Mut,
it not be our experience, in order to partak
of the benefit of the sufferings and death c
Christ, to be brought into obedience unt
righteousness? and what can do this for t
but the power of God immediately mad
known to us by the inward revelation theri
of? — Sarah Grubb.
mime ^ ^^^^
rects the disagreeable impression they make I among themselves that a"'man shall not ha've
at first sijrht.' Their skin is very dark, and imore wives than he can support, and as th
3 very
has a peculiarity which reveals at once the
chief drawback to the otherwise exquisite
pleasure of travelling in their beautiful coun-
try; 'it is rough to the touch, like shagreen,'
says P. Marcoj^, 'from being incessantly
punctured by mosquitoes.'
" Both men and women cut their hair like
a brush to the level of the eyebrows, and leave
the rest to flow over their shouldens. It is a
peculiarity of this tribe that ornament, indeed
almost clothing, is reserved for the men only.
In the typical portraits furnished by Marcoy,
the women wear only a strip of brown cloth'
though the mosquitoes are quite impartial in
their attacks, while the men wear a loose "-ar-
ment, like a wagoner's smock without sleeves,
of brown cotton, ornamented with a border oi
Greek pattern, lozenges and zigzags, traced
in black with pencil to imitate era'broidery.
Whence came this vague sense of art ? They
all paint their faces, but the men use more
coloring than the women, laying on the red
very freely, in thick, broad stripes. Black
paint is used for (literally), bo(l3'-color. A
Conibo in full dress will have sandals painted
on his feet as far as the ankles, or buskins as
high as the knees, like riding-boots; a jacket
or coat painted on his body, open at tho'brcast
and festooned round the "hips; on his hands
gloves or mittens.
pport, ana as thej'
are extraordinarily idle, even for savages, this
enactment practically limits the number to
two. Their funeral ceremonies are very curi-
ous, resembling the ancient Scandinavian
death-rites. They have an idea of an om-
nipotent being, the creator of heaven and
earth, whom they address indifferently as
' Papa,' father, and ' Huehi,' grandfather.
Opposed to this good spirit there is an evil
spirit, called Yunima, dwelling in the earth's
centre. Whatever evils affect the nation are
attributed to him, and the Conibos fear him
so much that they avoid, as far as possible,
uttering his name."
Selected.
What shall we do if we suffer ourselves to
be drawn from the blessed Spirit of the Sa-
viour of men, or from the measure thereof
which is given to all for our profit. Where,
but within our own hearts, shall we find the
Comforter and the safe Guide? Surelj-, the
Holy Scriptures direct us to Christ! The
Scriptures came by inspiration of God ; yet in
my view, the same inspiration must be with
us to comprehend their spiritual meaning and
application. The natural man, even though
he maj^ compare Scriptures with Scripture,
and acknowledge to their harmonj-, is never-
^ theless, the natural or unregenerate man still,
Intelligence of the Shepherd Dog. — Manj- ii
stances of the almost human sagacity of th
animal are related. A narrative of this kin^
which is given by William Chambers, of Eiji
burg, in the reminiscences of his broths
Piobert and himself, ivill probably be new 1
some of our readers. Their grandmother wi
the wife of William Gibson, a farmer, wl
rented a large tract of pasturage in Peebl
shire. This farm, called Newby, was not le
than seven miles long: it commenced ne;
Haystown, about two miles from Peebles, ai
at the other extremity bordered on Blacl
house, in Selkerkshire, where the Ettrick she-
herd spent hisj'outhful days. The author say
" It was on this farm of Newby, while in tl
possession of Mr. Gibson, in the year 177
that there occurred a case of the sagacity (
the shepherd's dog, which has often been a^
verted to in books, but seldom with corre(
ness as to the details. A store-farmer in a
other part of the country, had commenced
system of sheep-stealing, which he was b
lieved to have practised without detection f
several years. At length, a sheep which h;
been taken amongst others from Newby, r
appeared on the farm, bearing a brand on hi
face in addition to that of her true owne
The animal was believed to have been attrac
ed to her former home by the instinct of affe
tion towards the lamb from which she ho
been separated, and her return was the raoi
remarkable as it involved the necessity i
crossing the river Tweed. The shepher
James Hislop, did not fail to report the r
appearance of the sheep to his master, and
was not long before thej' ascertained who;
bi'and it was which had been impressed ov(
William Gibsons. As many sheep had bet
for some time missed out of the stock, it w;
thought proper that James Hislop should pa
a visit to Murdison's farm, where he quickl
discovered a considerable number of shec
bearing Mr. Gibson's brand O, all having M
Murdison's, the letter T, superimposed. 1
short Mui'dison and his shepherd Miller wc;
apprehended, tried, convicted and hanged
the Grassmarket — a startling exhibition co
sidering the position of the sufferers in lif
and made the more so by the humbler mn
choosing to come upon the scaffold in h
" dead clothes."
The long continued success of the crime '
these wretched men was found to have d
pended upon the wonderful human-like sen:
of Miller's dog Yarrow. Accompanied by Ya
row, the man would take an opportunity '
visiting a neighboring farm, and lookiii
through the flocks. Ho had there only 1
point out certain sheep to his sagacious con
panion, who would come that night, selei
each animal so pointed out, bring them ti
gother, and drive them across country, an^
THE FRtElND.
173
loreover, across tbe Tweed, to his muster's
irni, never once undei^oiiig cietoction. Tlie
ory ran that the dog was hanged soon after
is master, as being tlnuiglit a dangerous crea-
ire in a country lull ol flocks; but I would
ope that this was a false rumor, and my
randmuther, who might have known all the
ircumstances connected with the case, never
(firmed its truth."
« >
For "The Friend."
Dlfiiioirs and Letters of Scarab llillman.
[1 ontinued Irora papt- 355.)
To her Mother.
"Evesham, Otli nio. 17th, 1S25.
After attending a favored (^uarterlj- Meet-
ig, whither I was taken by my cousins J.
tokes and wife, I went to cousin J. G.'s to
lue and tea. At the three places I have vis-
ed, there have been one or two in each house
ck. So that Philadelphia at the present,
■ems more favored than the surrounding
■)untry.
My mitid bends strongly towards my be-
'ived mother and tender sisters. Ah! me-
.links our situation in P., although deeply
rying, is even preferable to the deadness and
|idifference which ])revails here. Maj' it
[lease Liim, who hath all power in his hand,
» arouse us to a more diligent oecu])ation of
10 talents, the precious talents committed
.ito us, that so we may be enabled to speak
ell of his excellent name; which is indeed
lortby to be magnified and adored, in that
has been pleastd to reveal himself, through
:8 beloved Son, in our hearts; and caused us
believe in him, in that glorious plan of re-
jmption which the Lord Jesus Christ has
id through the offering of his precious blood
ransom for sin, — for the fins of the whole
orld. My mind is so much occupied in the
nteraplation of things of this nature, and of
e awful responsibility which rests upon us
Christian believers, that meditation suits
e better than conversation ; aud meeting
ith few who seem to understand my state,
el verj' like a pelican in the wilderness; but
iisire to keep hidden so long as the blessed
sns may permit.
Circumstanced as I am, visiting does not
em desirable, except to those who have been
lought under baptisms, and have in like man-
ir known what it was to be stripped of them-
Ives, and to be, as it were, bundled up
Ith the dry rods ; yea, destitute of a'l fortn
d comeliness. Ah ! dear inother, it has been
newedly sealed upon my mind that there is
Qch for me to do! And oh I that in holy
nfidence I could adopt the language of Job :
IVhen thou hast tried me, I shall come forth
gold.' Thus should I be strengthened to
"Iduro 'as seeing him that is invisible;' and
preserved from an undue degree of discour-
; ement even in the most proving seasons.
ir having through adorable mercy, been
irored to find Him of whom Moses in the
l.v and the prophets did write, how are wo
ii'engthened to persevere in our tribulated
}th, and to believe in the precious promise
<' the^gospcl. Even ' that to those that fear
ir name will the Sun of righteousness arise,'
I ., and knowing that a book of remembrance
iwritten, our hope is steadfast ; and wo are
tabled to run through a troop, and leap over
i the opposition that may arise against us.
May the great Shepherd preserve you from
*i!, and show himself to you as a shield on
tj right hand and on the left, and that he
may bless you with the choicest gifts is my
earnest desire; that thus we may be a family
unitedly engaged in promoting his glorious
cause, and carrying forward his glorious work
ill the earth. That hereby we may in the
awful hour of separation realize, through the
power of Redeeming love, an admission into
that city, where the anthem of Praise is for
ever attuned unto lliiii that hath washed us
from our siiis in his own blood. Farewell.
Yours, affectionately,
Sarah."
inth mo. 8lh, 1S2G. After attending two
poor meetings this day, wherein tiie lite and
virtue seemed very low, and as formerl}' all
the wells were stopped ; I sat down this even-
ing in and under an humbling sense of great
unworthiness and emi>tin(.ss, though in some
degree sen^-iljle of earnest desires still to be
found struggling for an increase of that faith
which gives the victory.
Mv heart has been atfectcd renewrdly this
day, "in believing that my Heavenly Father
has a work lor us to do. And oh! my secret
petitions have been for ability to ]5erl<)rm the
same, even though it may subject me to the
scoffs aud frowns of men.
To her Sister.
" Philadelphia, Till mo. 13th, 1S27.
My dear Sister : — While we feel the blank
made in our little family circle, by the absence
of one of its members, we also are thankful
( I trust at seasons) that wo are so situated as
to be able to make way for thee to retire from
the huriy of business, to the sober scenes ol
nature, where thou canst partake of the
salubritj' of the air amid woods and hills.
And dost thou find thyself benefitted by the
change? *******
Oh ! when shall we be able to settle as a
society, in the calm sunshine of Gospel bright-
ness? Walking together in the faith of the
Gospel, and believing, not in word and in
tongue only, but in deed and in truth in Him
who died for us, and who is the life of men ?
We are assured, there is a coming day,
wherein every man's work shall be tried ;
and that which will not endure the fire, will
be consumed. Then where will all man's
boasted works be; or, what will they stand
him in stead before Him who, though they
have despised, mocked and reviled, they will
have to acknowledge their Judge? 'For the
Father h'lth committed all judgment unto the
Son, that all men should honor the Son even
as they honor the Father:' and who is the
awful Judge of quick and dead. Some of us
feel that we have no works or worth to plead,
nor anything to trust to or in, save the mer-
cies of God, through our Lord and Saviour
Jesus Christ. Ah ! were it not for this hope,
should we not sink, especially when days ol
sore tribulation overtake us; when we feel
destitute and forsaken ; when there seems
nothing but death and darkness around us !
Then how this blessed hope, ' The Lord know-
eth them that are His,' which the believer is
sometimes given to realize as his own glori-
ous privilege, is calculated to cheer and sus-
tain the mind ! What an anchor to the soul
both Buro and steadfast, and bj- which he en-
tereth in within the vail, and reposes on his
God, is the living experience sometimes grant
ed, that his Redeemer liveth ! .May we more
and more press after this attainment; for truly
in the world we have much tribulation : while
peace can be found nowhere else than in seek-
ing to know and do the Divine will.
'That thou mayst bo favored not only with
the blessing of Jualth, but every other that is
consistent with the will of our Heavenly
Father, is the desire of th}* afl'ectionate sister.
Sahaii."
(To bo rontinm'd.l
The Lost ^lr^s — The monuments, the paint-
ings, and even the woven fabrics of Fgypt, all
attest the enduring nature of their workman-
slii]i, and their capability of resisting the cor-
roding and wasting effects of time. The pyra-
mids ajipear but little worse for the storms of
ages, and the traveller regards them with tho
awe and reverence inspired by the mystery of
their erection, and the a'niost equal mystery
of their continued existence unharmed alter
the lapse of lV>ur thousand years.
Mementoes of our own i\epublic, not yet
one hundred years old, may be seen in tho
patent ofUce at W^^shington, in a condition of
liopeless decay, while the mummy cloths of
Egypt, although woven over three thousand
yi'ars ago, seem as firm of texture as when
tVesh from the ancient looms. The far famed
purple dye of Carthage, supposed to have
lieen obtained from a small shell-fish of the
Mediteranean, has never been equalled by
modern chemists, who have thus far failed to
find anything possessing its peculiar bril-
liancy and jiermanenc}- of color.
The frescoes of Michael Angelo are the won-
der and admiration of every appreciative per-
son who has looked at them on the lofty
ceilings of the Sistine chapel at Rome ; but,
compared with the mural paintings of Egypt,
traced centuries before, they look dim and
almost lustreless. The mural ])aintings are
as bright as the Nile itself, and still appear
likelj' to claim the admiration of visitors for
thousands of j-ears to come. The colors of
the ancients, %\ hen exposed for years to mois-
ture, do not lose their brightness, while their
woven fabrics, long buried in the ground, re-
sist decay ; and even timber, preserved by
some unknown process defies the action of
the elements and remains nearl}- as sound as
in the time of the Pharaohs. It is said that
numerous experiments have been tried, of
subjecting the ancient paintings to the flamo
of a gas jet, but the heal thus imparted failed
to destroy them. Bgyjitian cement, as is well
known, is almost imperishable, uniting wood,
glass, stone, iron, and other articles together
so firmly as to resist all efforts to sever them
at tho point of union. Fire nor water will
destroy this cement, and it is practically in-
destructible. This substance is sup])osed to
have been used in embalming their dead, pre-
serving their works of art, and making their
fountains durable.
Even in our own country have been found
implements evidently made by an ancient but
now extinct race, the manufacture of which
may be properly classedamong the lost arts.
In the copper mines of Lake Superior, in old
pits long since abandoned, are found copper
tools of a temper and hardness not exceeded,
if equalled, by tho best steel tools of the pre-
sent day. Chisels and hammers of copper,
huge hammers of granite, specimens of wood,
indestructible pipes, and other articles are
found here and elsewhere, denoting the supe-
riority of this ancient people in many of the
arts, and also affording abundant evidence
that they were highly proficient in the work-
ing of metals. — Late Paper.
174
THE FRIEND.
Review of Ihc Weather for Eleventh and Twelfth months, lS7i
The rainfall ciiirinn; the pabt two months has been rather below the usual average, the
total amount being G.05 inehes; 1.28 inehcs of which fell during the Twelfth month. The
average temperature for Eleventh month was 35.68°, and for the Twelfth 30.55°.
For lileventh month the mean height of the barometer was 29.53 inches. And 29. G9
inches for the Twelfth month.
Westtown Boarding School, First mo. 10th, 1874.
TABULAR STATEMENT, ELEVENTH MONTH, 1873.
m
1
Thermometer.
Barometer.
p
1
0
Wind.
Circumstances of Weather.
o
a
s
S
K
s
s
a
^
JS
><
<
p^
h
U
<
a^
ai
w
a
a
-
M
'-
s
«-
N
f-
is
B
3
31
29.SS
S. W. all Jay.
Clear all day.
2
30
60
56
■i»%
29.84
29.70
29.65
29.73
N.W., S.W., S.W.
t. It
3
35
68
41
■w?:;
29.65
29.67
29.67
29.6614
West hII rtay.
Fair, Clear, Clear.
4
40
60
68
6-.;;-;
29 6i
29.68
29.68
29.68
a ..
Clear all day
6
45
65
46
'^^%
29.65
29.71
29 74
29.70
W., N.W., N.
Fair, Clear, Clear.
6
34
46
41
40%
29.82
29.36
23.86
29.84?^
N.. N.K.. N.E.
Clear all day.
7
33
48
42
41
29.74
29.65
29.60
29.63
.82
N.E. all day.
Cloudy all day.
8
44
61
49
48
29.30
29.2-i
29.38
29.31
West all day.
Fair, Cloudy, Cloudy,
9
49
49
41
46^
29.35
29.36
29.43
29.405^
.; ti
Cloudy. Fair, Fair.
10
34
47
32
3^7i
29.62
29.62
29.62
29.62
a ti
Clear, Clear, Fair.
11
31
41
33
36
29.6E
29. 6
29.64
29.66
S.W. all day.
Fair, Cloudy, Cloudy.
12
30
42
32
ii%
29.60
29.62
29.41
29.51
31.
13
29
33
29
30^3
29.30
29.32
29.43
29.35
West all day.
Clear all day.
14
23
31
26
26>4
29 60
29.62
2972
29.645^
(. ..
Clear, Fair, Clear.
15
30
31
SO
301,3
29f0
29.53
29.50
29.64?^
S.W. all day.
Fair all day.
16
32
66
48
46
29.07
29.02
29.07
29.061..:;
W., S.W.. S.W.
Clear. Fair, Cloudy.
17
35
33
34
34
29.01
28.90
28.79
28.S9?/,
N.E., N.W., N. W.
Cloudy all day. Snow 6 inches deep.
18
33
41
32
i^Va
28.62
28.64
2S.S8
23 711-:,
1.29
W., S W., S.W.
Clear, Cloudy, Cloudy.
19
33
43
34
S6%
29.11
2a.35
29.38
29.27 J^i
N.W. all day.
Cloudy, Cloudy, Clear.
20
29
43
28
3253
29.46
29.55
29.64
29.5.5
N.W., W, W.
Cloudy. Clear, Clear.
21
11
33
20
21 '3
29.80
29.70
29.70
29.731^
W., W., S.W.
Clear all day.
22
22
39
35
32
29.-0
29.85
59.90
29.36
West all day.
23
33
36
38
Si-4
29.95
29.88
29.80
29.37=^
Kaat all day.
Fair, Cloudy, Cloudy.
24
34
38
31
34-3
29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
2.76
E, N.VV., W.
Cloudy all day.
26
33
41
30
347.^
29.00
29 00
29.00
29.00
West all day.
Clear all day.
26
23
33
27
27%
29 4;i
29.52
29.55
29.50K
..
Clear, Fair, Fair.
27
29
46
35
36^.;
29 40
29.42
29.66
29.45J^
K., E., S.
Fair all day.
28
21
25
25
23;,;
29.65
29.90
29.9<
29.84H
S.W., w.. w.
Fair, Clear, Clear.
29
25
37
33
31%
30.0fl
30.05
30.05
30.U41--3
West all day.
Fair all day.
30
32
35
39
35'3
30.10
30.10
30.10
30.10
W., W., N.E.
Clear, Fair, Cloudy.
36.68
29.63 i 637
TAB
ULAR
STATEMENT, TWELFTH MONTH, 1873.
Thermometer.
Barometer.
<
«
0
Wind.
Circumstances of We.\ther.
s
a
s
S
z
S
s
s
2;
a
a
<
fu
c^
S
^
e^
0^
s
r-
(M
o
t~
(M
01
a
1
35
28
26
26/3
30.00
30.08
30.08
30.06U
30 0214
N. E. all day.
Cloudy all day.
2
23
35
33
31 Ji
30.07
SO.nii
30.00
N. all diy. "
3
36
41
64
iii]
29.91
29.80
29.70
29.8014
29.471-1
.46
S. E., S. E., W.
Foggy. Cloudy, Fair.
4
64
61
60
i8'4
29.60
29.42
29.60
W. all day.
Clotidy all day.
6
31
46
34
33=i
29.60
29.66
29.72
29.65%
*•
Fair all day.
fi
31
36
32
■M%
29.90
30.00
30.06
29.98K
" *'
Clear all day.
7
30
3S
32
s-.iYi
30.12
30.12
30.12
30.12
E., N., ^f.
Cloudy all day.
8
33
41
40
.38
30.13
30.04
30.00
30.05%
N. all day.
9
41
60
60
47
29 78
29.65
29 72
29.70%
N. E., W., W.
" «
10
40
60
36
41=,^
41,;.,
46%
29.83
29.86
29 90
29.86
W. all d.ay.
Cloudy, Clear, Clear.
11
33
40
.19
29.-6
29.74
29.60
29.73
S. B., S., S.
Cloudy, Fair, Fair.
12
48
68
49
29.48
29. to
29.35
29.41
S. W., W., W.
Fair all day.
13
49
63
3S
29.36
29.30
29.90
29.51JI
W. all day.
Clear all day.
14
30
40
30
33?1
29.66
29.75
29.90
29.73=<
"
*' "
15
36
49
41
29.90
29.85
29.85
29.86%
29.74^
" "
Foggy. Fair, Fair.
16
26
53
49
4J=i
29.82
29.72
29.69
S. w., s.. s.
Clearall day.
17
33
61
37
29.65
-.9.61
29.64
29.631^
S., N. W., N. W.
Fair, Cle:ir, Clear. I
18
37
60
36
29.43
29.14
29.46
29.41'^^
.34
E. all day.
Cloudy all day.
19
35
48
37
40
29.45
29.30
29.46
29.40
W. all day:
Fair all day.
20
33
41
30
.36 =i
29.50
29.64
29.72
V9 62
'• '•
i. ti
21
34
38
20
26bi
25
29.90
2.J.93
30.00
20.9414
30.1 10 j|
N. W., W., W.
Clear all day.
22
16
32
27
3o.ni
30.01
30.00
N. W., W., N. W.
.. ..
23
29
38
29
32
20.90
29.70
29.72
29.77 H
"-
N. E.. N. E., W.
Cloudy. Cloudy, Clear.
24
21
39
29
295<
2:4.71
29.71
29.71
29.71
W. all day.
Clear all day.
25
24
38
30
30M
29.70
29.63
29 66
29.66
W. all day.
Fair all day.
26
33
34
33
Si'/,
29.30
29.15
29.25
29.23 J^
N. E. all day.
Cloudy ail day.
27
33
40
36
36'-,
29.3:j
29.10
29 00
29.13V;
29.38%
.. ..
(.
28
32
40
29
33=
29 15
29.48
29. i3
.48
N. W., N. W.. W.
Fair, all day.
29
29
38
23
30'
29.60
29.61
29.54
29.18^3
N. W., W., W.
Clear all day.
30
21
29
20
26^
26 >i
29.55
29.64
29.33
29.675-;
W., S. W., S.
.. ..
31
20
33
32
29.94
30.00
20.83
■29.92'/i
S. W. all day.
Fair all day.
36.56
29.69
123
Takeo from the " Cliristian."
Women's Apparel.
How should a woman professing godliness
dress? IIow adorn herself?
In "modest apparel." — 1 Tim. ii. 9. With
" shamefaced ness," i. e. with no intent to draw
the eye. — 1 Tim. ii. 9. With " sobriety," i. e.
with nothing conspicuous. — 1 Tim. ii.9. Not
"with braided hair," or with "plaiting of the
hair."— 1 Tim. ii. 9 ; 1 Pet. iii. 3 Nor with
"gold."— 1 Tim. ii. 9 ; 1 Pet. iii. 3. Nor with
" pearls." — 1 Tim. ii. 9. Norwith "expensive
clothing."—! Tim. ii. 9. Norwith "clothing as
an adornment."—! Pet. iii. 3. Observe, there
are three points as to the clothingof the bodj-.
Let it be modest ; let it be inexpensive ; let it
be unobtrusive. There are two points as to
the sort of decoration to be avoided : no jew-
elry; no fanciful dressing of the hair. And
there are two points to be observed as to adorn
ing: "a meek and quiet spirit;" "good works."
vSurely a woman professing godliness, should
be careful in this matter which the Holy
Ghost has not considered unim])ortant. Sure-
ly she should clothe herself in all " modesty,"
"shamefacodness," and "sobriety," while she
adorna herself with a "meek and quiet spirit,"
and with " sood works." Now if she be tlm
adorned, she will not be anxious to attracttli
gaze of admiration by heaping jewelry uimi
her person, or decorating it with costly cloth
ing, nor will she be much busied in the wa;\
she arranges her hair. If given to good work^
she will have neither time nor money for tin
decoration of the body.
The above is merely a summing up of Pau
and Peter's thoughts in the matter, as fount
in 1 Tim. ii. 9, and 1 Peter iii. 3 ; and as i*
has made these thoughts very clear to my owr
mind, I now write it for others who may b(*
exercised on the subject, and are honestlj
anxious to walk in simple obedience to the
word of God.
Simple Food and Drink. — Next in import-
ance to air and exercise comes the selectioi
of diet and drink. And in this matter thi
practical adoption of one common-sense maxirr
would do almost all that needs to be done;
The maxim is this: hi cases where one of twt
courses involves danger and risk, and another i
■perfectly safe, always choose the path of safetyl
We have seen that the great mass of thir
nation is hastening to disease, and that indl
vidual misery and domestic unhappiness ar'
widely increasing as the result. We have seei
that owing to needless varieties, to stiraula;
ting food and drinks, and to the useof condij
ments, excess in loading the digestive organi
is one great cause of this extensive suffering'!
Now there is a rich variety and abundanc *
of simple, healthful food and drinks that ar'
fitted for the perfect development and nutrl
tion of the body, and involve little liability ti[
perversion and excess. And when all stimu"
lating food, drinks, and condiments are re
linquished, and a simple diet maintained, li
healthful appetite returns, which is a safe guid^
to the proper amount to be taken, provideit
always that enough pure air and exercise ar«
secured. I
Moreover, I have found by mj' own experJ
enee, and have letiined from others, thatafte-'
living for several months on simple food, theW
is an increased susceptibility of taste and il
keener relish for the delicate flavors tha;
simple food offers. Does any one remembeli
the delicious relish of childhood for a bit o'
good bread? This same relish will again re
turn when solicited aright. Let a person fo
several weeks try the experiment of drinkinf'i
only water, eating nothing but bread ani"
butter, potatoes, baked fruit and milk, and a;
the same time exercise abundantly in the fresll
air, and if their experience corresponds will'
that of most I have known who have triedij
the experiment, thej^ will say, "Never di( I
food of the richest variety and compositioi !
furnish such an exquisite relish !"
The more a person will limit a meal to :
few articles, and these of the simplest kind, th i
more will they regain the appetite and relisi
of early life.
Now the course here suggested is perfectl;
safe, is equally productive of enjoyment, au(
is in obedience to the laws of health, whicl
are the laws of God. The common coui's
pursued in this land of abundance and gor
mandizing is certainly one of risk and dange -:
to the delicate and deteriorated constitution'
of the adult and ri.sing generation. Is not hen' )
the place to practice the Christian "daily'
duty of " self-denial ?" And if the strong ant
healthy feel no need of it for themselves, ii
I there not a duty set forth for them in this ic
11
THE FRIEND.
175
ired command, "We that are strong ought
l>ear the infirmities of the weak, and not
[ilcase ourselves ?" — Catherine Beerher's Let-
's an Health.
For '
The Fric-Dd "
John neald.
fCoutinued troiu page ICC.)
Ill the course of his visit in New England.
^im Heald attended the Monthly Meeting
1 Uxbridge, 6th mo. 26th. He says : '-In
lu- time of business I remarked something in
■i;:ird to j-oung people getting unsettled, ami
oiiig tmnecessaril}- out of meeting to amuse
p recreate themselves ; that it had a bad ef-
!Ct. They could hardly return without the
lind being more disqualified for attending
the concerns of society; that if they at-
jnded to their feelings, and the state of their
linds, they might, I thought, discover it."
In preparing the journal of John Heald
)r the columns of " The Friend," it has often
;emed to the compiler, that those Friends who
ave been led into exerci.ses and services
milar to those which he passed through,
ould be reminded, by hi.s simple and un-
lorned record of his feelings, of their own
rperiences; even as face answereth to face
a glass. This consideration has some-
imes led to the introduction of extracts which
light not seem to the general reader of es-
seial interest. The notices our Friend has
reserved of the meetings he attended in Now
ngland are generally brief ; from amonii;
lem the following are selected.
"6th mo. 28th. At Leicester, it was agreea-
e to me to sit in silent meditation, the sen-
tion seemed so much like being at home. But
ler awhile I began to speak concerning the
ose of time, that a consideration of it had
en a profitable employ to many, and before
sat down I treated on several subjects.
7th mo. 4th. We met with Friends near
place called Turkey Hill. For this oppor-
uity I was thankful. It proved a time of
icouragement to me, and 1 believe to them,
here was considei'able tenderness an<l love
It among us. I had to remember that I
kd thought of [passing by] this place, but
uld not reconcile my mind to it. and hav-
g given up to what ] believe would be mak-
5 for peace, I rejoiced in the engagement,
d praised the Giver of the precious gift.
i7th mo. 5th. Amesiiury Meeting was large
d crowded. I had expected only a small
llection. as but few Friends belong to thi><
ace. Frientls left us to sit alone, they sit-
jg away as much as they could out of view,
iiile we sat on the raised seat. But at
igth so many coming in, they had to come
d sit with us. I felt weak and tried, but
deavoring as well as I could to be resigned,
'bund a remark to spring up, which I fell
siest to express, and when I had done that
)re presented, and so I proceeded until
icb was said. The people were still and
iet, and appeared to be satisfied,
rth mo. 7th. At E])ping, a considerable
t mVier collected. My mind had uudergone
;-'terday and this morning much secret trial
fd distressing feeling. 1 dreaded the meet-
i ;, but it came on, and I sat under a weight
c, exercise for some time, and then engaged in
V3al labor, and was favored to deliver a lively
t timony of considerable length, which I
I ieve was received in good will, and I felt
Ouforted.
rth mo. 8th. Dover. The meeting was
t me a time of encouras-ement, and I think
it was a refreshing time to some sincere minds
Thanksgiving and praise were ascribed to the
Giver of every good gitt. We dined at Isaac
Wendell's, and went to Menbel Osborn's, and
to William Brown's to lodge. At each ol
these places m'c had precious oj)portunities.
wherein the sweet and precious effusions nl
gooil (lowed freely.
7th mo. 10th. This niorninii- how is mv
mind involved in distress! How has the
enemy gained his point so far as to bring in
trials like a floo<l ! How much he ma}' gain
to my hurt, I know not. May 1 endure the
trial, and again be delivered from thraldom,
and again enjoy the incomes of Divine love.
We went to the meeting at Mcrdenborougli,
which was considerably- large and mostly not
members, but my way not opening to com-
municate, I remained silent. In the after-
noon on the way to New Durham, I was re-
leased from the painful sensations of mind 1
had endured for some time. I felt like another
per.son.
7th mo. 11th. Had a meeting with some
Frienils, and others who had wild kind of
doings among them, falling down, and how
ing, or screaming as loud as they couh
Thej' were called free-will Bajitists. It was
a comfortable meeting. I labored vocally to
a considerable length, the testimony was im-
pressive, and the countenances of the people
appeared solemn. I felt thankful for the
favor.
7th mo. 13th. Attended Kittery meeting.
My concern was to engage thejieople's atten-
tion to prepare for their h»st account : saying,
Be ye also ready, for ye know neither the dav
nor the hour in which the Son of man cometli.
We know not the situation we may be in, in
the course of another daj-. The meeting con-
cluded with supplication. We returned to
our friend David Nichols, and had an oppor-
tunity- of encouraging the j-oung people in
several families. It was done in an engaging
manner, way opening so to do. to the tender-
ing of their minds.
7th mo. 15th. At North Berwick there
was in the silent part, a lively exercise. I
sat under it for a considerable time. At
length I entered into vocal exercise. .It was
heavy labor, but I found no liberty to sit
down until 1 had said much, and had to show
that faith without works is dead, and that
works without faith are dead also. Faith ant'
works ought to go together. Abraham was
produced as an examjile. He was reipiired to
oft'er his onh' son Isaac, so lie went tbrth to
do it. Here he showed his faith by his works.
Without faith it is im])Ossible to please God.
Faith without works being dead, will a dead
faith please Him? The devils believe there
is a God, and not onlj- believe but tremble.
7th mo. 19th. We rode a dozen miles to
Falmouth, ,T. Winslow and wife conducting us.
My mind soon became wrapped up in con-
templating the movements of Elijah and
Elisha, and the desire of the latter for a
double portion of the spirit of Elijah. This
opened to the application of Solomon for wis-
dom, and that these requests were very simi-
lar. My meditation in silence was pleasant,
and the vocal labor long.
7th mo. 24th. At Ijitchfield manj' people
came, and it proved to be trjnng exercise. At
length waj' opened, and I delivered atestimon}-
which appeared to be broken and in detached
sentences, more so than common, but it had a
considerable reach on several.
7th mo. 28th. We lodged at Caroline To-
bcy'sand had a meeting with the few Friends,
and a considerabli' number of their neighbors.
In the fore ])art the meeting was dull and
trying, but waiting quietly, I felt a renewal
of strength, and sat for some time in a com-
fortable enjoyment of favor, and finding way
to open I spoke reminding of the necessity of
preparing for a final change, and that some
had sorely repented of their neglect, and that
the unprofitable servant had a capacity to
improve his talent, for there was <riven to
each one according to his several ability. W
there had been no ability there would have
been nothing re(iuired ; those that were faith-
ful were accepteci. It was the dilatory or sloth-
ful servant onl}- that was rejected. It became
a sober time, and the people were sober, and
passed away quietly, and I admired how way
had ojiened to reach their minds.
7th mo. 31st. At an ajipointed meeting in
a school house, I treated on the doctrine of
baptism, and showed that water baptism was
John's. It was nowhere said in all the New
Testament that our Saviour commanded water
baptism to be used. John was sent to bap-
tise with water, but he himself said, "He that
Cometh after me, the latchet of whose shoes
I am not worthj- to unloose, he shall bap-
tise you with the Hoi}- Ghost and with fire."
Here he distinguishes t'hrist's baptism from
bis own ; his being a type or shadow of
Christ's, and belonged rather to the legal dis-
pensation than to the tlispensation of the
Gospel. John declared, I must decrease, but
He must increase. Our Saviour, after Ho
had suffered and before his ascension, com-
manded his disciples to go teach all nations,
liaptising them into the name of the Father
and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost. Hero
water is not mentioned. When Peter was
instructed to go to the house of Cornelius, ho
had thought that salvation was only to the
Jews; and so it appears it was with the rest,
notwithstanding they had been commanded
to teach all nations. Afterwards we find he
said, " It is not the jiutting away the filth of
the flesh." which water etfecteth, "but the
answer of a good conscience toward God;"
and Paul said, "one Lord, one faith, and one
baptism." This is that which will stand us in
>tead, to have a conscience void of offence,
to have served Him not with eye-service, but
with singleness of heart."
It was a good meeting. I felt it best before
I left them to recommend thein to God, and
the word of His grace, that is able to build
up and to give an inheritance among all them
that arc sanctified.
(To be continued.)
THE FRIEND.
FIRST MOXXn 17. 1874.
The attention of our readers is called to the
Address issued by the Meeting for Sufferings
on Theatrical Amusements and Horse-racing;
which will bo fouml in the columns of the
present number. Members in the country
may find opportunity to circulate it in their
respective neighborhoods; care being taken
by those distributing them that more than
one person shall not go over the same ground.
They can be had at Friend's Book Store, 304
Arch street.
17(5
THE FRIEND.
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
Foreign. — Dispatches from Madrid report that Ser-
rano will not convoke the Cortes for a twelve month.
He will give all his energies to the suppression of the
insurrection and tranqnilization of the country, and not
until these oLijects are accompli.shed will he summon
the Legislature.
A Madrid dispatch of the 10th says, a cohimn of the
forces besieging Cartagena made an attack on Fort San
Julian yesterday, but were repulsed with considerable
loss.
\n insurrection has broken out in Barcelona, and
barricades have been erected in the suburbs by the in-
eurgents. Fort Mouljoi, on the south, has opened tire
on the city.
A Bayonne dispatch of the 9th says, Don Carlos and
General Elio, with iOjOOO men and_eight pieces of ar-
tillery, have entered Santona. A battle is expected
soon, the Carlists making an attack; they completely
surround Bilboa.
The government has issued a decree dissolving the
Cortes, and announcing elections for a new body. The
election will be held when order is re-established and
freedom and universal suffrage are unhindered.
A decree has been issued calling out the entire reserve
of 1874 for active service.
The French National A.sserably resumed its sittings
on the Sth inst. A motion to postpone the bill concern-
ing the nomination of mayors, after a violent debate,
was carried against the government by a large UKtjority.
In consequence of this vole the members of the Cabinet
tendered their resignation, but President MacMahon
requested them not to retire but to await the vote of
confidence which he thinks will be passed by the As-
sembly.
The health of the Emperor of Germany continues to
improve. The furniture of Archbishoji Ledocbowski
has all been distrained, and he still refuses to pay the
tines imposed by the Court. His imprisonment is now
threatened.
The Catholics of Switzerland have sent a protest to
the government against the expulsion from the country
of the Papal Nuncio.
The cholera and other diseases prevail to a fearful
extent in the Dutch camp iu Acheen. The native allies
are the greatest sufferers.
A royal ordinance has been promulgated, abrogating
the clause of the Norwegian constitution which gave
the king the right to appoint as lieutenant of that king-
dom, at his pleasure, either a native or a Swede.
Henceforth a Norwegian only can be appointed.
The new law in Austria by which criminal trials will
be by jury, went into operation on the first inst.
Mirza Yussof Khan, an able and popular Persian
statesman, has been executed at Titlis on the charge of
having misappropriated moneys entrusted to him for
relieving famine. The deceased was educated iu Paris
at the expense of the Shah.
A considerable number of persons belonging to Dun-
dee and neighborhood, who had emigrated to the U.
States, have returned home. 'They are mechanics,
masons and other skilled workmen, who in conse(juence
of the financial difficulties have been deprived of em-
ployment.
A Calcutta dispatch of the 11th says: The famine is
already causing great distress in Beliar and Benares.
The rate of discount at the Bank of England has been
reduced to 4 percent. The Bullion in the bank had
been largely increased.
The Emperor of Austria has granted an amnesty to
all persons under sentence for offences agiiinst liis per-
son, and has ordered a report to be made to him re-
specting other condemned persons whose conduct war-
rant clemency being shown them.
The returns of the recent elections for the German
Reichstag are largely in favor of the National Libera!
party, especially in 15avaria, Wurtemliurg, and Baden.
The candidates of the clerical party were chosen in a
few places.
A Paris dispatch of the l'2th says : In the Assembly
this afternoon, after a violent debate in which tlie Min-
istry was attacked for its monarchical tendencies, a vote
of confidence in the government was adopted. The minis-
ters have in consequence withdrawn their resignations.
Special advices to the Standard, from Cape Coast
Castle, report that the king of Dahomey has sent heavy
reinforcements to the Ashantees.
Eight of the provinces of Spain have been declared
in a state of siege, and a decree has been issued dissolv-
ing all the political associations charged with conspir-
ing against the interests of the country or the integrity
of its territory. The Carlists have captured three com-
panies of Republican troops without bloodshed.
The Cartagena insurgents, on the 11th inst., made
overtures for a surrender with conditions. The pro-
posals were rejected, and unconditional submission was
demanded by the commander of the government forces.
London, 1st mo. 12th. — Consols 92J^. U. S. bonds of
1867, 107i.
Liverpool.— Uplands cotton 8 l-16cf. ; Orleans, Sfrf.
United States. — The interments in Philadelphia
last week numbered 310, and in New York 488.
The National Crop Reporter publishes a final sum-
mary of the corn crop of 1873, in Illinois, Indiana,
Iowa, Kansas, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Missouri, Ohio,
nd Tennessee, compared with the crop of 1872. The
aggregate yield for 1873, in the States named, is 514,-
000,000 bushels, against 7.56,000,000 in 1872, a loss of
about 242,000,000 bushels.
At the re(iuest of Attorney General Williams, the
President has withdrawn his nomination for the office
of Chief Justice, and on the 9th be nominated Caleb
Gushing, of Massachusetts, for the position.
The proceedings in Congress last week were of no
great importance. The Senate further debated the bill
for reducing salaries, and in the House the Civil Rights
bill was recommitted for amendments. Its pass,age was
eloquently and ably advocated by Elliott, a colored
representative from South Carolina.
The revenue of the United States government has
fluctuated greatly of late years. In 1861, the total
revenues amounted to only $41,276,299, in 1862, $61,-
919,261. After this the vast expen.sesof the war caused
a great inrrease ; thus in 1863 they were §112,094,966,
iu 1864. 6243,412,971, in 1866, $322,031,1.58, and $619,-
949,564 in 1866. Since that year there has been an an-
nual reduction in the amount. The internal taxation,
between 1866 and 1873, was reduced $196,497,499.
The culture of sugar-cane, which has to a great ex-
lent been abandoned on the low lands of Louisiana, will
in the future be largely prosecuted on the pine lands of
Mississippi anil .Alabama.
The receipts of the Pennsylvania State Treasury for
the fiscal year ending Uth rao. 30th last, were $8,669,-
179, and the expen.scs 1:6,734,027, balance in the Trea-
sury $1,826,152 ; public debt redeemed during the year
$1 ,.504,672.
On the 7th inst. the Governor of Pennsylvania issued
his proclamation announcing that the new Constitution
had been adopted by the (lu.iiilied voters of the State,
and is now the Constitution of the Commonwealth. It
was adopte<l by a majority of 146,150 votes.
On the 12th'iust. the U. S. Senate, by a vole of 50 to
8, passed a substitute for the House bill in relation to
salaries. The bill provides that hereafter all salaries,
with the exception of those of the President of the
United States, and Judges of the Supreme Court, shall
be the same that they were prior to the act of last ses-
sion making an increase, and also that all back pay not
drawn or returned to the Treasury be c:irried into the
Treasury and declared the property of the United St;ites.
The House of Representatives, by a nearly unanimous
vote, has declared that in its judgment there is_no ne-
cessity to increase taxation, or to increase the public
debt by a further loan, if there shall be economy in the
public expenditures, and that these must be reduced to
the lirwest |ioint consistent with the proper administra-
tion of public aftairs.
'fhe Markets, &c. — The following were the quotations
on the 12th inst. New York. — American gold, 112.
U. S. sixes, 1881, 117i; ditto, 1868, 1I6J; ditto, 10-40
5 per cents, 113]. Superfine flour, }6.20 a $6. .55 ; State
extra, $7.05 a -f 7.25 ; finer brands, $7.50 a S10.50.
White Michigan whe:it, $1.93 ; red western, $1.68 ; No.
1 Chicago spring, $1.67; No. 2 do., $1.63 a $1.64.
C;inada barley, $1.82. Oats, 64 a 68 cts. Western
mixed corn, 91 a 9U cts. ; new yellow, 87 cts. Phila-
delpliia. — Cotton, 17 a 17| cts. for uplands and New
Orleans. Superfine flour, $5 a $6.75 ; extras, $6 a S6.75;
finer brand-, fl a $10.50. White wheat, $1.85 a SI. 90;
amber, $1.70 a $1.80 ; red, $1.66 a $1.68. Rye, 90 a 93
cts. New yellow corn, 80 a 82 cts. ; old do., 86 cts.
Oats, 56 a 62 cts. Smoked hams, 12 a 14 cts. Lard,
8J a 9 cts. Clover seed, 8^ a 10 cts. Sales of about
2800 beef cattle at 7} a Ih cts. per lb. gross for extra;
6 a 7 cts. for fair to good, and 3i a 51 cts. for common,
a few choice sold at 8 cts. per lb. gross. Sheep, 5 a 7
cts. per lb. gross, and corn fed bogs at $8 a S8.37.V per
100 lb. net. iJa/(/more.— Western wheat, SI. 70 a $"l.80;
Penna. $1.80 a $1.82; common to fair southern, $1.6")
a $1.75; spring, $1.60 a $1.70. Y'ellow corn, S2 a 86
cts. Western oats, 58 a 60 cts. St. Louis. — No. 3 winter
red wheat, SI. 41 a $1.45 ; No. 2 spring, $1.25 a ^^1.27.
No. 2 mixed corn, 57 cts. Oats, 44 a 45 cts. Cintdii-
na(i.— Family flour, $7.25 a J7.50. Wheat, *1.46 a
$1.55. Corn, 58 a 63 cts. Lard, 8^ a 9 cts. Detroit. —
Extra wheat, $1.64 a $1.65; amber Michigan, $1.50.
New corn, 06 cts.; old, 69 cts. Oats, 46 J cts.
FRIENDS' LIBRARY.
For the convenience of those who attend Arch Strei
.Meeting, the Library will be open hereafter on Fiftl
day mornings, from half past 9 to 10 o'clock.
THE INDIAN AID AS.SOCIATION.
The Executive Committee of Philadelphia Frienc i
having accepted charge of the schools for the Wvat
dotte, Wichita, Kiowa and Comanche Indians, reque;
the contributions of Friends in order to supply som
pressing needs.
It has been found necessary to collect the children i
Boarding Schools, and various articles of cloth iuf
furniture, &c., are wanted to insure their comfort an
proper care. Some money can also be judiciously es
pended in school supplies, in addition to those provide
by the Government.
This is a critical time in Indian affairs, and help no'
will be extremely valuable.
Contributions may be sent to John S. Stoke>, ;
this office.
FRIENDS' BOARDING SCHOOL FOR INDIA:
CHILDREN, TUNESASSA, NEW YORK.
A teacher of the school will be wanted at the con
mencement of the Spring term. Also a Friend to a
as assistant matron.
Application may be made to
Ebenezer Worth, Marshallton, Chester Co., Pa
Joseph Scattergood, 413 Spruce St., Philada.
Aaron Sharpless, Street Road P. O., Chest
Co., Pa.
Thomas Wistar, Fox Chase P. O., Philada.
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
As the stations of Superintendent and Matron of th
Institution are expected to be vacated at the close of il
Winter Se.ssion, in the 4th month next. Friends wl
may feel drawn to undertake the duties attaclud
them, are requested to communicate thereon with eith
of the following named members of the Committee.
Nathaniel N. Stokes, Cianaminson Post-oltii
Burlington Co., N. J.
Charles Evans, No. 702 Race St., Philadelplii.
Deborah Rhoads, Haddonfield, N. J.
Eebecca S. Allen, No. .335 S. Fifth St., Philacll
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE.
Near Frankford, (Twenty-third Ward,) PhUadelphia
Physician and SuperiiUendent — JosuuA H. WoktJ|
INGTON, M. D.
Applications for the -Admission of Patients may
made to the SuiJerintendent, or to any of the Boaril
MaULigers.
Married, on 5th day, the 20th of 11th mo. Is"
at Friends' Meeting-house, Middleton, Columbiana C
Ohio, Job Huestis to Rachael W. Cope, both of tl
place.
Died, at Hopkinton, R. I., on the 1st of 12th luon
1873, Amos C. Wilir'r, aged 77 years, a member
South Kingston Monthly Meeting. He endured a p:
traded and painful illness with much patience and i
signation ; at times expressing a comfortable hope
acceptance when the summons should come to lea
the earthly tenement. He imparted much pertinf
counsel to his children, exhorting them to keep to plai
ness in dress and binguage. He was strongly attach
to the principles of Friends, being concerned to adht
to them through evil report and good report; expre
ing deep regret at the falling away from them of
many, and of the intermingling and amalgamating
our members with other professors; and said iu gr<
brokenness, that he believed Truth would again pr
pen At one time after a restless night, when his s
ferings were exceeding great, he said, " I should
glad to be released, and to depiart to iny everlasti
home. 1 have f;illen short of what I should have be
but the Lord is very merciful." He was frequen
eng:iged in vocal prayer, saying at times, " Lord Jes
receive my spirit." "We know not how long we sli
be here, hence it is all important that we be prepar
for the final change." Near the last, after repeating 1
injunction and promise, "ask and ye shall receive,"
said, " I have asked abundantly, and the change tl
awaits me will be glorious." He p;rssed quietly aw
without a struggle, leaving the consoling assura:
that his end was peace.
, at his resilience in Bordentown, N. J., on
morning of the 29th ult., S.\muel C. Taylor, ag
eighty-five years, a member of Chesterfield Monti
Meeting of Friends. " Mark the perfect man, and
hold the upright, for the end of that man is peace."
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. XLVII.
SEVENTH-DAY, FIRST MO>rTH 24, 1S74.
NO. 23.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
rice Two Dollars per annum, if paid in advance. Two
dollars and fifty cents, if not paid in advance.
SubBcriptions and PaymeDtH receiTed by
JOHN S. STOKES,
AT HO. 116 XORTH POtTRTH .STREET, UP STAIRS,
PHILADELPHIA.
Mtage, when paid quarterly in advance, five cents.
Comets.
THE METEORS OF NOVEMBER 27.
(Concliidc-d from page 171.)
^Professor Sehiaparelli's brilliant discoveiy
' the relation between comets and meteors
ay now bo ranked with the established
•uths of astronomy. His hypothesis, how-
ler, in regard to the origin of meteoric
reams has not been generally accepted.
omets and meteors, according to his theory,
•e derived from cosmical clouds existing I'n
•eat numbers in stellar space. These ncbuhv,
consequence of their own motion or that of
le sun, are drawn towards the centre of our
'Stem. By the unequal influence of ihe sun's
traction on different parts, such clouds are
ansformed into currents of great length bo-
re reaching the limits of the planetary sys-
m. Shooting-stars, fire-balls, aerolites, and
imets being all of the same nature, differing
erely in size, sometimes tall towards the sun
I parts of the same current.
The views of Dr. Weiss, of Vienna, differ
»m those of Sohiaparelli, in that he regards
raets as the original bodies by whose disin-
agation meteor streams are gradually form-
. '' Cosmical clouds," he remarks, " un-
ubtedly appear in the universe, but only of
ch density that in most cases they possess
fficient coherence to withstand the destruc-
■e operation of the sun's attraction, not only
to the boundaries of our solar system, but
en within it. Such cosmical clouds will al-
lys appear to us as comets when they pass
ar enough to the earth to become visible.
>proaehing the sun, the comet undergoes
sat physical changes, which finally affect
» stability of its structure : it can no longer
Id together: parts of it take independent
nts around the sun, having great resora-
nce to the orbit of the parent comet. With
■iodical comets, this process is repeated at
i successive approach to the sun. Gradu-
T the products of disintegration arc distri-
■ed along the comet's orbit, and if the earth's
it cuts this, the phenomenon of shootintr-
re is produceil." "
'hese views of the distinguished astronomer
Vienna are conlirmed by the star-shower'
November 27, 1872. That the orbits of
earth and Biela's comet intersect at the
Qt passed by the former about the last of
November, and that in 1845 the comet sepa-
rated into two visible parts, has been stated
in a previous nural)er. The comet's non-ap-
pearance in December, 18G5, a-id in Septem-
ber, 1872, was regarded by astronomers as
presumptive evidence of its i)rogressive disso-
lution. A meteoric shower, resulting from
the earth's collision with the Qoxaetavy ihbris,
was accordingly expected about tho"27th of
November.
The first indication of the approaching dis-
play appeared on the evening of November
24th, when meteors in unusual numbers were
o^bserved by Professor Newton, at New Haven,
Connecticut. On Wednesday evening, the
27tb,_from the close of twilight till 8 o''clock,
a decided shower of shooting-stars was noticed
in various jjarts of the United States. At
Greencastle, Indiana, Prof'e.«sor Joseph Tinf.
ley counted 110 meteors in 40 minutes, an^d
at Princeton, in the same State, D. Eckley
Hunter coujited 70 in 30 minutes. The num-
bers seen at New Haven were considerablv
greater. The fact that the display commenced
before daylight had entirely closed seemed to
indicate that only the termination of the
shower had beeu observed in this country.
Accordingly the display was soon found to
have been witnessed from 60° E. to 90° W. of
Greenwich, or through 150° of longitude. In
England the first bolide of the swarm was
seen by M. M. Brinkjey, at 3 o'clock, p. m., in
full daylight. The meteors were most numer-
ous in the southern part of the continent, par-
ticularly in Italy. At the Observatory of
Breslau, according to M. Faye, 3000 were seen
from tJh. 30m. to 7h. 50m. "Dr. Heis reported
that at Miinster 2500 per hour were counted
by two observers. At Naples, bignor Gas-
paris obsci-ved two meteors per second. At
f urin, M. Denza, Director of the Ob.servatory,
reported 33,400 in 6h. 30m.; many of various
and delicate colors, and followed "by long and
orilliant trains. At some points the numbers
were so great that an accurate enumeration
was wholly impo.ssible. In short, the display
was decidedly ihe most brilliant that has oc-
curred since that of November 13, 1833.
But some of the most interesting circum-
stances in connection with the phenomena of
November 27, 1872, remain to be detailed.
Astronomers without exception regarded the
display as due to the earth's passage through
the (Uhiis following in the path of Biela's
comet. In accordance with this view Dr.
Ivlinkerfues, of Gottingen, concluded that the
comet itself, or rather its largest portion,
ought to be found in the region of the heavens
nearly opposite to that from which the me-
teoroids appeared t'> radiate. As this point
in the southern hemisphere could not be ob-
served in Europe, he conceived the happy idea
of detecting the fugitive by mrnna of ihe electric
telegraph.. The following 'was accordingly dis-
patched to Mr. Pogson, Director of the Govern-
ment Observatory at Madras, in Southern
India: '' Biela touched earth on 27th: search
near Thefa Centauri." The first two morn-
ings after the receipt of this dispatch were
cloudy at M.adras. On the third, however,
the cometary fragment was found, and its
motion accurately measured. The observer
described it as circular and rather bright, with
no traces of a tail. But one fragment could
bo detected. On the next morning, Decem-
ber 3d, the comet was again observed. Its
diameter had sensibly increased ; it had a
bright nucleus, and still presented a circular
aspect. A faint tail was also noticed, equal
in length to one-fourth of the moon's ai)parent
diameter. The followingmornings beingagain
cloudy, no further observations could be ob-
tained. This cometary mass will be in close
proximity to the earth about the last of No-
vember, 1892. Another brilliant meteoric
shower may therefore be expected at that
epoch.
THE ORIGIN OF CO.MBTS AND METEORS.
The fact that comets and meteors, or at
least a large proportion of such bodies, have
-ntered the solar system from stellar space,
IS now admitted by all astronomers. The
question, however, in regard to the origin and
natin-e of these cosmical clouds still remains
undecided. The theory that they consist of
matter expelled with great velocity from the
fixed stars appears to harmonize the greatest
number of facts, and is accordingly entitled
to respectful consideration. The evidence by
which it is sustained may he briefly stated as
follows:
1. The- observations of Zollner, Respighi,
and others, have indicated the operation of
stupendous eruptive forces beneath the solar
surface. The rose-colored prominences, which
.Janssen and Lockycr have shown to be masses
of incandescent hydrogen, are regarded by
Professor Respighi as phenomena of eruption.
" They are the seat of movements of which no
terrestrial phenomenon can afford anj-idea;
masses of matter, the volume of which is many
hundred times greater than that of the earth,
completely changing their position and form
in the space of a few minutes." The nature
of this eruptive force is not understood. We
may assume, however, that it was in active
operation long before the sun had contracted
to its present dimensions.
2. With an initial velocity of projection
equal to 380 miles per second, the matter
thrown off' from the sun would bo carried be-
yond the limits of the solar system, never to
return. With velocities somewhat less, it
would be transported to distances correspond-
ing to those of the aphelia of the periodic
comets.
3. On the 7th of September, 1871, Professor
Young, of Dartmouth College, witnessed an
extraordinary explosion on the sun's surface.
The observer, with his telescope, followed the
expelled matter to an elevation of over 200,-
000 miles. The mean velocity between the
altitudes of 100, OOO and 200,000 miles was 166
178
THE FRIEND.
miles per second. This rate of motion in
vacuo would indicate an initial velocity of
about 260 mik-s per second. But the sun is sur-
rounded by an extensive atmosphere, whose
resistance must have greatly retarded the
velocity of the outrush before reaching the
height of 100,000 miles. The original velo-
city of these hydrogen clouds was therefore
sufficient, in all prubabilit}-, to have carried
them, if unresisted, beyond the solar domain.
Kolid or dense matter propelled with equal
force would doubtless have been driven ott'
never to return.
4. This eruptive force, whatever be its na-
ture, is probably common to the sun and the
so-called fixed stars. If so, the dispersed frag-
ments of ejected matter ought to be found in
the spaces intervening between sidereal sys
tems. Accordingly, the phenomena of comets
and meteors have demonstrated the existence
of such matter, widely diffused, in the por-
tions of space through which the solar system
is moving.
5. According to Mr. Sorby the microscopic
structure of the aerolites he has examined
points evidently to the fact that they have
been at one time in a state of fusion from in-
tense heat, — a fact in striking harmony with
this theory of their origin.
6. The velocity with which some meteoric
bodies have entered the atmosphere has been
greater than that which would have been ac-
quired by simply falling toward the sun from
any distance, however great. On the theory
of their sidereal origin, this excess of velocity
has been dependent on the primitive force of
expulsion. The shower of aerolites which fell
at Pultusk, Poland, on the SOlh of January,
1868, is not onlj' a remarkable illustration of
the fact here stated, but also of another which
may be accounted for by the same theory,
viz : that meteoric bodies sometimes enter the
solar sj'stem in groups or clusters.
7. A striking argument in favor of this
theory may be derived from the researches of
the late Professor Graham, considered in con-
nection with those of Dr. Huggiiis and other
eminent spectroscopists. Professor Graham
found largo quantities of hydrogen confined
in the jjores or cavities of certain meteoric
masses. Now, the spectroscope has shown
that the sun's rese-colored prominences con-
sist of immense volumes of incandescent hy-
drogen; that the same elementexists in great
abundance in many of the fixed stars, and
even in certain nebula) ; and that the star in
the Northern Grown, whose sudden outburst
In 1866 so astonished the scientific world,
aftorded decided indications of its pi-esence.
A Memoir of Richard Samblp,
A minister of the Gospel in the Society of
Friends, who was taken sick at Poole, in
Dorsetshire, about the First montli, 1680,
where he wrote an epistle to Friends in Corn-
wall, to comfort them in relation to his de-
parture, being likely, as he said, to see their
faces no more.
To Friends in Cornwall.
Dear Friends, — I send this salutation as
though it were my last unto you ; wherein I
take my leave of you in the Lord Jesus Christ,
desiring you all may obey the Truth, and live
and die in it. And the many sweet and
heavenly opportunities which my soul hath
had with you, are fr'esh in my remembrance.
And now, dear hearts, my body grows very
weak ; but my soul is strong in the Lord, who
:' hath greatly renewed the lasting seal of his
love unto my soul this morning. Oh ! how
could I sleep when my heart was so awakened
unto the blessed sense of my acquaintance
with the Lord, which sounded through raj'
soul, that my name should not be blotted out
of the book of liie, and of the holy city, the
heavenly Jerusalem, whose foundution is full
of precious stones, and the rivor of the water
of life flows ; where the gates are not shut all
day, neither is any night there: which, when
my soul heard, my heart was dissolved and
broken within me, and my head was as it were
turned into water, and mine eyes gushed out
with tears, in the consideration of the endless
love of God, to such a poor creature as me.
Now, dear Friends, who are truly near me
in the Lord, you know the time of our first
knowledge and acquaintance, which was a
time of love, and to this day my heart is filled
with the same towards you ; though I am like,
as to the outward, to see j'our faces no more.
Oh Friends! be not ensnared nor entangled
with the things of this world, nor let your
minds go out of Truth, and so lose the ever-
lasting stay and support of j^our souls in the
last day; but rather let all go, and hold fast
the Truth, and keep your hearts from being
overrun with the world's spirit ; and so will
the Spirit of Truth spring up in you, as a well
to refresh your souls. And all j'ou whose
hearts are truly tendered to the Lord, \vho,-e
trials and exercises are not a few, be not
daunted nor discouraged, although the enemy
may seek to frighten you with many tempta-
tions, and would seek to lead you out of the
fellowship with, or sweet remembrance of,
j-our dying day, which exercise my soul h:is
sometimes passed under. But blessed be the
Lord forever, the enemy is found a liar; tor
the Lord has been pleased to make this sick
bed to me better than a king's palace; and
I have great fellowship with my last day;
and do rejoice in the Lord, who doth so
sweetly visit me with the glorious light of his
countenance. It is with me, as it is with one
who has travelled many weary journeys, and
at last is come to the sight of his desired end;
which, when he sees, greatly rejoices, in a
sense of a further satisfaction which he shall
after enjoj' ; even so it is with me, who have
passed no opportunity, where-I saw the way
of life clear and open before me, but have been
ready night and day to do the will, and an-
swer the requirings of the Lord ; and so run-
ning, as in a race, knowing my time, that it
is but short. And blessed be the Lord, I have
great peace and satisfaction in this my weak
and low condition ; and satisfied, seeing my
lot was not at this time among you, that it is
here in this place; and I hope it, will be well,
whether I live or die. And so my dear and
well beloved friends, dwell in love one with
another, walking in the unspotted life, so shall
you grow lip as pleasant plants in the garden
of the Lord, and the dew of life will more and
more descend upon you, and this you will
feel from day to day; and when you shall
come to your latter end, your reward will be
sure with the Lord. I have much in my heart
towards j-ou, but my strength fails me; only
this I desire of you, seeing I am like to leave
my wife and tender babes with you, whom I
know not whether I shall sec more, great is
my love and tender respect to them," for we
have lived from the beginning as two joined
together by the Lord, who gave us victory
over the world ; believing that when I a
gone, the care of mj God will be over ther
and I have been a tender father to them, aii
they have been to me tender children, and ni
wile hath been to me, as bone of my boii
and flesh of my flesh, yet I must leave bol
her and them unto the Loi'd. i
And this I would leave with you, my dej
brethren and sisters, who have known r
from the beginning, that you esteem of hi
when I am gone, as one who was wife to hi
that was made willing in his da}', to spe
and be spent for God's truth, and his churc
sake; and I desire j'ou in the Lord Jesus Cbri
that my dear wife may meet with no disco!
agementsfromyou ; she is a tender woman; a
that you will be encouragers of her. I kn<
when this comes to your hands, there will
no want of sorrow ; but I trust in my Gn
that both my dear wife and you will be
endowed with the power and presence of ti
Ijord, that if you should hear of my goi ■
hence, that you will conclude, as becomes ti •
Christians, that you must come to me, al
that I cannot come to you. And so mydtr
tf-iends, in the opening free love of God, whii
this morning my soul is visited withal [
d<>arly salute you, desiring the Lord may a
a husband to my dear wife, and a fatherj
my children, and you friends to both.
And whereas I have never been wantingi
my labor and service for the glory of the Lol,
and your good, when with you; and if 19
Lord yet lengthen my days, 1 trust I shall e)
as read}' and as willing as ever I have bee
So conclude in a sweet and living sensuf
that love, which will never die. Your friii
and brother in the immortal seed of life, f
ElCHARD Samble 1
Poole, the 1st of the First month, 1680.
Scientific Notes.
On the bursting of trees and objects struclu
liijlitning. — At a recent meeting of the W\
Chester (^England) Literary and Philosoph
Societj', a paper on this subject was read
Professor Osborne Eeynolds. 'To test the
ectness of the suggestion, that the explot
ett'ects of lightning were due to the conve:
of moisture into steam, he passed the elee
spark through thin slips of wood, previoi
moi^tened, so as to bring them into nearly
same condition as the wood in living tr
These experiments sometimes succeeded,
at others not. He then substituted openg
tubes, introducing a wire into each end,
bringing the wires so near each other ail
leave about half an inch between the poi »■
The bore of the tube was about one-eight ■
an inch in diameter, and its strength was ^ '•
ciently great to bear a pressure of from
to five tons per square inch. When the
was diy, no effect was produced by pu-
ihe electric discharge thi'ough it; but \
water was introduced, the first discli:
shivered the glass. The part opposite the
in the wire and for some distance beyoni^
completely broken into fragments which
sented the appearance of having been cm
liy a hammer. Some of the fragments she ->'
that the inner surface had been reduce 10
powder. When we consider the great sireith
of this pipe (which might have been usei ^'i'
a gun without bursting) and when we see ill
it was not only burst, but that the iutcri(0{
the glai-s was internally crushed by the pi*
ure, and all this by the discharge of one 8 lU
THE FRIEND.
179
r. we must cease to wonder at the bursting
IV, or of a discharge from the clouds.
Among the curio>itie9 exhibited at a reeonl
;liiljition of watchworks, were a thin silver
xiicnce with a hole drilled through from
lixc to edge, and a seconds-hand, as thin as
i|M,r, and as tine as lace.
L't'ches. — The extensive trade in leeches
is given rise to a considerable iudustrj',
hirb, however, in many cases, has been as-
eiated with certain cruel practices that are
lie condemned. Thus, with the view ol
ttening the leeches it has not been uncom-
nii to turn some old and useless horses into
(_■ marshes; where the unhapp}' animals fre-
iciitly fall dead fVom the Imss of blood the}-
0 thus subjected to. If the victim escajies.
■ is ill-persuaded to a second experience, and
I.- trader will then tie him to a post, and
■\-oi- his limbs with cloths in which he puts
)0 to 500 leeches; these, once satisfied, I'e-
ni to the marshes. Various methods have
•en proposed for attaining the same end by
tTiTcnt means. The following mode of tr at-
'j; leeches, latclj' described by Dr. Suave in
,e Monittur Universel, may not be uninterest-
g. A considerable number of leeches are
ken from the marsh ; the marketable ones
c picked out; the others, requiring to be
lilted, are placed in woollen or cotton bags
he small and large in separate bags;) and
lese bags are put in cans containing blood
oil from the slaughterhouse. The tempera-
nc of the blood is preserved by means of hot
alLT in the double bottoms of the cans. This
aim blood, nondefibrinated, is much su-
irior to that which has lost its heat and its
lu-iu. The leeches are left thus for half an
;iur: then the bags are removed, and the
liraals, after being washed, are returned to
le marsh. It is important that, in their
irged state, they should be placed at the
irderspf pools, on islets, &e., in order that
lev may penetrate into the ground if thej'
i-h (which is generally the case.) The}- are
lus spared the fatigue which is always great
hen they are gorged, of swimming to solid
arts. Care should also be taken not to put
10 many leeches in one bag; otherwise some
iiiv not be able to reach the circumference,
id then they make use of their more fortu-
iite companions, biting and gorging them-
'Ives upon these. When the large and the
nail are put in the same bag, this also occurs.
In a communication recentlj- presented to
If I'aris Academy, on the diamond-bearing
;elds of S. Africa, it is said that the diamond
! liable to burst on contact with the air, and
lis will happen even after three months of
^posure. The best way of ]3reventing it, is
() cover the stone with grease immediately
ifter the discover}-.
Gas-Jiame. — In ordinary gas-burners, the
i;ht giving power of the gas is more or less
ist because the inner part of the flame is not
'it enough to burn all the carbon. A recent
clgiao patent seeks to remedy this by plac
ig a small piece of platinum between the two
|oles of an ordinary fish-tail burner. The
latinum is heated in the flame, and causes
le more complete combustion of the gas. It
■ Said to double the amount of light.
Tobicco. — -In the pages of the "English
lechanic," from \^hich most of the material
f these " Scientific Notes" is derived, there
I as been going on for some time an animated
liscussion on the use of tobacco. A single
umber will sometimes contain several com-
munications from ditferent correspondents;
and the weight of testimony is decidedly op-
posed to the practice. A recent writer de-
scribes the case of a man, who, in getting oil
an omnibus, sti'uck his knee agiinst a jiicce
of iron and was disabled. Under medical
advice, the stiffness left the joint, but he was
unable to use the limb. Everything was right,
nothing ^sas out of ])lace, nothing w^is want-
ing but strength in the muscles of the limb.
I hcse refused to keep the bones to their pro-
per places with suliirient tension. "It will
he the work of time," said one of the most
skilful who had examined the knee, but, alas,
time did not seem to make any sensible
change. What could be wiong with these
rrfractory tendons? We looked at the back
'the man's liand. The veins were larger than
they ought to be. "Do you use tobacco?"
Yes, sir, a little." "Ah, sir, he's a heavy
smoker," said his wife, who was sitting, look-
ing on. " Oh, well, I do'nt take a very great
deal.'' "You know," said she, "you smoke
when you're not sleeping." How could any
one cure that man? He was using a drug
whose result is to relax muscle, and he was
using that drug sufficiently to defy all other
medicines to counteract its relaxing power.
For " Tlie Friend."
Dkinoirs and Letters of Sarah lliliman.
t*^ni tiiiueii frdni jiaKC" 17^.)
" 1S27, 9th mo. 9th. This is my 33rd birth-
day. Ah ! how far short I am of having at-
tained the ground which faithfulness from
early visitation until this, would have insured,
that of eonfidenco and strong faith in my
adorable, invincible Redeemer. Where am I
now? Struggling with many weaknesses and
fears; trembling and doubting whether the
day of deliverance will ever come. May He,
who called out of darkness, and, in my first
setting out, granted mercy to be faithful in
small things, grant holy certainty in whatso-
ever step I may yet takf' ; that so preserva-
tion may be realized, holy confidence felt to
bear up and support under the trials attendant
on all those who move in this awfully dark
and cloudy day. Oh I the Lord kuoweth them
that are His. The foundation remaineth sure,
though thousands forsake it. He, who blessed
the house of Obededom so long as the ark tar-
ried there, will bless all who continue stead-
fast unto Him, even though they may have
to endure great sufferings and many tribula-
tions, and have, as it were, to go down into
the valley and shadow of death. Yes, I be-
lieve he will bring them up again with songs
of joy, as in days of old, and in former years."
The following are extracts from a letter,
without address, dated Philadelphia, lOtb mo.
30th, 1827: "Ah ! my dear frieml, though the
jjath of the servant in this day of rebuke is,
as it were, through the fire and through the
deeps, yet inasmuch as the Lord remains to
be the strength of the poor, let us not faint,
nor grow weary of the burdens which He
may lay upon us. Has Ho not this day grant-
ed a little renewal of evidence, that the glory
is not wholly departed, &c.? And will he not
take care of his own ? Yea, verily : then let
us cast all our care upon Him, who careth for
us ; who, though our transgressions have been
multiplied, still watcheth over us, and still
reneweth his visitations to our souls ; causing
us to partake of the banquet which he spread
for his chosen people."
"Thott speakest of going upon the walls
ind beholding the ruins! And hast thou not
also beheld in the (diambers of imagery, the
many idols which have been framed? Ah!
the day calls for all who are skilful in lamen-
tation to mourning, because the virgin daugh-
ter of the Lord's piople hath committed a
very grievous sin."
* * * '• It has seemed to me this day that
the Loid wouUl hSve some sepnrnled far him-
irtf. As respects poor me, while the unity of
the brethren is felt lo be a precious cement,
without which I pray to bo preserved from
acting in the Lord's work, nevei'theless that
my attention must be steadily directed unto
Bim for counsel and strength is legibly writ-
ten on the tablet of ray heart."
" I desire for thee as for myself, that wo
may be kejit in the hollow of His holy hand
who hatii purjiosed a purpose concerning us,
until His time is clearly manifested to goforth.
For though it is with me as I admitted to
thee, I dare not now speak in His name, ex-
cejit His word again be given, ' Uo in this thy
might; and then, that no consideratioti may
preuent obedience, is the tearful jirayer of thy
tribulated sister. I unite with thee in desir-
ing that the dross and tin may be removed,
that so thou may come forth a vessel for the
Finer. And also crave that the Lord may
bless thee, and have thee always in his keep-
ing. That living daily under the influence of
his blessed, holy Sjiirit, thou mayest be quali-
fied to feel with, and enter into the states of
others ; and also truthfully to communicate to
thy feeble friend such tidings as may be given
thee respi cting her."
" In looking at our meeting, it seems to me
as though there was no one to whom I dare
look as to a mother willing to bend to tho
wants of an infant. But my heart this day
rejoices in believing that our blessed Lord and
Saviour, and Advocate with the Father, is
giieved in all our afllictions, and compassion-
ates our case: and that He will cover our
heads in the day of battle; for ])recious are
our souls in his sight. He will arise for our
help, for He is the saving strength of his chil-
dren ; and they that trust in him shall never
be confounded."
The diary resumed. Without date : "Y'ears
of sore tribulation have been passed since the
above remarks were penned. Many and deep
baptisms have been witnc-sed under the awful
work of preparation for the ministerial office.
Which prospect has of late ripened so far,
that I dare no longi r forbear.
3rd mo. 9th, 1830. Set out in company
with our beloved friends, George and Ana
Jones, to attend Haddonfield Quarterly Meet-
ing, and some meetings in Burlington Quarter.
A season of humliling baptism ! But in which,
through adorable mercy, I was enabled to
yield to an apprehension of duty to ojien my
mouth, in the name of the I Am, in a meeting
held at Westfield on First-day, the 28th, in
these words: 'The Lord is good; a strong
hold in the day of trouble; and He knoweth
them that trust in Him.' Oh ! I believe some
of my beloved friends in this little company
have been brought to this acknowledgment,
that He is a strong hold in the day of trouble;
and that unless the Lord had been your help,
you could not have been supported in this
time of trial. Went home awfully bowed in
humility; but, in unutterable mercy, favored
with peace; which is more desirable than all
on earth beside.
At the next meeting, Moorestown, t)Owed
180
THE FRIEND.
again : and at the nest, Evesham, also. Since
being at home, while fearing at every stej), I
have several times dared to do no other, both
for my own soul's sake, and for the sake of
my dear Eedeemer, who laid down his pre
eious life for me, than resign m}'8elf to this
■work, and in simplicity utter a few broken
expressions in our meeting. O ! 1 crave to
be found faithful: being hunrolingly convinced
from season to season, that my great Lord
and Master does design to make use of me as
an instrument in His holy hand for the pro-
motion of His glorious cause ; in whose service
I desire to spend the few remaining days oi'
my pilgrimage. While much do I lament the
years that have passed, wherein had I yielded
in unquestioning obedience, I might have been
pursuing the things which make for peace
and, working in the abilitj^ He furnishes, have
been more prepared for an admission into his
kingdom of undefiled rest."
" 'Mine hour,' said the Saviour to his mother,
'is not yet come.' And we may remember
that He also testified to His disciples just be-
fore his ascension, ' Behold I send the promise
of my Father upon you : but tarry ye at the
city of Jerusalem, until j-e be endued with
power from on high.' This His 'hour,' and
this His ' power from on high,' are to be waited
for, and watched unto in all our religious step
pings, 'as the eyes of servants look unto the
hand of their masters, and as the eyes of a
maiden unto the hand of her mistress,' that
the extremes of dilatoriness on the one hand,
and precipitancy on the other, may not be
laid in the scale against us; and that we may
in all things be the obedient followers of Him,
who died for us, and is calling to glory and
virtue."
Sarah Hillman could no doubt at this time
truly say, "I delight in the law of God after
the inward man." And in a letter to her
mother, published in the preceding number of
" The Friend," she has given expression to
the "desire to keep 'hidden so long as the
blessed Jesus may permit." This hidden, and
at the same time, humble, watchful state, is
doubtless favorable to preservation, especially
in the early years of religious experience ; a
pei'iod when perhaps, more than any other,
the enemy of our soul's welfare strategicallj-
labors to root out the precious life — the sub
stance and reality of religion — the good seed
of the kingdom within us. Her course herein
seems also to be after the example of Moses
before he was called to be a leader of the
children of Israel out of their captivity, who,
it is written, "led the flocks (he kept) to the
back side of the desert, and came to the moun-
tain of God, even to Horeb." And it uris heri-
that "the angel of the Lord appeared unto
him in a flame of tiro out of the midst of a
bush," &c. It was in the wilderness, likewise.
while keeping his father's sheep, that David
"slew both the lion and the bear;" and here,
learning to repose confidence and strength in
the God of Israel — the alone unfailing source
— he knew where to look and trust for the
same sufficiency of help and power when gird-
ing on the simple equipments with which the
defiant Goliath of Gatb, was forever laid low,
and the carcasses of the host of the Philistines
given unto the fowls of the air, and to the
wild beasts of the earth.
After a long, hidden and humbling exercise,
with the feeling, as she represents, like to a
pelican of the wilderness, and with tearful
prayers that obedience might keep pace with
knowledge, our Diarist's hands were now
oosed ; her captive spirit more set free ; and
she anointed to enter upon what seems the
calling in life assigned, — the responsible and
solemn, yet dignified and God-serving work
of the ministry. So that the acknowledg-
ment of David, at a later period of his course
than the one already referred to, might be
hers : "O Lord, I am thy servant, tbe (child)
of thy handmaid ; thou hast loosed my bonds."
(To be continued.)
THE PRAYEK OF AGASSIZ.
BY JOHN G. WHITTIER.
On the isle of Penikese,
Kioged about by sapphire seas,
Fanned by breezes .-ialt and cool,
Stood the Master with his school.
Over sails that not in vain
Vi'ooed the west wind's steady strain, '
Line of coast that low and far
Stretched its undulating bar,
Wings aslant along the rim
Of the waves they stooped to skim.
Rock and isle and glistening bay,
Fell the beautiful white day.
Said the Master to the youth:
'We have come in search of truth.
Trying with uncertain key
Door by door of mystery ;
We are reaching, throngh His laws,
To the garment-hem of Cause,
Him, the endless, unbegun.
The Unnameable, the One,
Light of all our light the Source,
Life of life, and Force of force.
As with fingers of the blind
We are groping here to find
What the hieroglyphics mean
Of the Unseen in the seen.
What the Thought which underlies
Jfature's masking and disguise.
What it is that hides beneath
Blight and bloom and birth and death,
Ry past efforts unavailing.
Doubt and error, loss and failing,
Of our weakness made aware,
On the tlireshold of our task
Let us light and guidance ask.
Let us pause in silent prayer I"
Then the Master in his place
Bowed his head a little space,
And the leaves by soft airs stirred,
Lapse of wave and cry of bird
Left the solemn hush unbroken,
Of that wordless prayer unspoken.
While its wish, on earth unsaid,
Rose to heaven interpreted.
As, in life's best hours, we hear
By the spirit's finer ear
His low voice within us, thus
The All-Father heareth ns ;
And His holy ear we pain
With our noisy words and vain.
Not for Him our violence
Storming at the gates of sense.
His the primal language, HisJ
The eternal silences I
Even the careless heart was moved,
And the doubting gave assent,
AVith a gesture leverent,
To the Master well-beloved.
As thin mists are glorified
By the light they cannot hide,
Ail who gazed upon him saw,
Tlirough its veil of tender awe,
How his face was still uplit
By the old sweet look of it.
Hopeful, trustful, full of cheer.
And the love that casts out fear.
AVho the secret may declare
Of that brief, unuttered prayer?
Did the shade before liim come ,
Of th' inevitable doom.
Of tlie end of earth .so near,
And Eternity's new ^ear ?
in the lap of sheltering seas
Rests the isle of Penikese ;
But the lord of the domiiin
Comes not to his own again ;
Where the eyes that follow fail,
On a vaster sea his sail
Drifts beyond our beck and hail !
Other lips within its bound
Shall the laws of life expound ;
Other eyes from rock and shell
Read the world's old riddles well ;
But when breezes light and bland
Blow from Summer^s blossomed land,
When the air is glad with wings
And the blithe song-sparrow sings.
Many an eye with his still face
Shall the living ones displace.
Many an ear the word shall seek
He alone could fitly speak.
And one name forevermore
Shall be uttered o'er and o'er
By the waves that kiss the shore,
By the curlew's whistle sent
Down the cool, sea-scented air;
In all voices known to her
Nature own her worshipper.
Half in triumph, half lament.
Thither Love shall tearful turn,
Friendship pause uncovered there.
And the wisest reverence learn
From the Master's silent prayer.
— The Christian Union.
Sir David BrewUer.
This distinguished philosopher spent a Ion
life in the pursuit of science, making man
original discoveries; especially in optics, h
favorite study. He died at the advanced aj
of 86, retaining to the last his interest i
philosophical researches, and manifesting i
his closing days the supporting power
Christian faith — thus illustrating the lai
gtiage of the poet: —
" Piety hath found,
Friends in the friends of .science, and true prayer
Has flowed from lips, wet with Castalian dews."
In an account of his home life, publishe
by one of his daughters, a 3'ear or tjvo aft(
his decease, there is given an interesting d
scription of the calm composure with whic
he noted the gradual weakening of his phys
cal powers, and the approach of death. H
life has been one of much intellectual exe
tion. In addition to th& enormous amount 1
labor involved in editing and writing man
of the articles for the Edinburgh Encycl
pedia ; and a faithful attention to the dutii
of different official appointments, his sclent
fie and literary contributions to philosophic:
and other periodicals were very numerou
His daughter has appended a list of 315 •
these, besides another list of 75 articles sci
to the "North British Eeview."
The last chapter of the work alluded 1
thus commences:
"And now we come to the last days of tl
long working life. M3' father's own expre
sion a little later was, that he ' was an inc
nearer the end every day since Dundee,' bi
when we were with him in October the chan^.
was scarcely perceptible. He drove ever^
day, and occupied himself in showing tf
near beauties of the neighborhood to 01.
little son and his tutor, and arranging the
more distant excursions. When we left hii
it was not with more than the natural fear«
what might happen during the winter. I
those who knew his old tearfulness and timu
ity — which grace had not tip to this tit
fully taken away — and who saw the grei
vitality and joy of work which still remainei
it seemed impossible to look forward to tb
inevitably near approach of the King of Te:
THE FRIEND.
181
)rs without some uneasiness as to how he
as to be encountered. But to those who
1U8 feared, it might have been said, ' Why
re ye troubled ? O ye of little faith !' The
loroughness of the change that had passed
pen him was yet to be Iriumphantl}- shown,
ad all the fears entertained for him were to
anish away as the mists of the morning.
Je do not know much of what during the
ext few weeks was passing in his mind, but
is prayers were still for the increase of faith
nd love, and both were marvellously an-
wered."
"lie still continued able to work and to
lOve about, and was not under medical at-
jndance — for his own doctor being absent,
e refused till even nearer the end to see any
ne, and then only consented to have a medi-
al man from a country town at some dis-
ance. But the consciousness of the last
weakness being close at hand increased upon
im, and the week before he was finally laid
p was spent in a literal setting of his house
a order, which was most characteristic of his
?hole past life. Lady Brewster tells me that
ach day of that long week was spent as if
1 the most active preparation for a journej'.
jetters were written — or dictated to his faith-
il companion, and signed by himself; papers
rranged; books put bj-, and after each piece
f business he would say, ' There that's
one; then something else was begun and
nished — not a moment wasted — no pause re-
uired — not a word of what was at hand, lest
ither worker should break down — a strange
reek of patient, unwearied, accomplished
rork!
One of these letters was to an old and at-
iched friend, of whose unwearied kindness
nd affectionate attentions he ever expressed
ae most grateful recognition. It was as
)llows : —
"AUerly, Feb. 2, 1868.
My Dear Lady Coxe : — I have for several
ays been proposing to write to you, but hav-
ig nothing agreeable to myself to say, and
'othing agreeable to you to hear, I have been
lent.
■ I am hardly able to walk from mj- librarj-
1 my bed room, and want of breath, sleej),
nd appetite make me a genuine invalid, quite
nalilc to do the duties in the University were
iu Edinburgh. I regret this bitterly, as
K'l-e is so much valuable work now being
oiie in promoting the prosperity of the Uni-
versity. My complaint has been advancing
3 rapidly as to indicate a no very distant
?rmination, and atler such along and happy
'fe as I have enjoyed, I do not repine that a
igher will than mine should be done. But
ill, though faith be strong, and the pros
ects of the future bright, it is difficult with-
nt emotion to part with those kind and valued
■ieiids who have performed with us the jour-
ey of life, and shared with us its joys and
s sorrows.
' 1 need not say, my dear Lady Coxe, how
luch of my happiness has arisen from your
'ind and atiectionate attention, and how sin-
3rely I wish that your life may be as long
'nd as full of blessings as mine has been.
Vilh our united kind regards to Sir James
■nd Dr. Gumming, I am, my dear Lady Coxe,
yer most truly yours,
D. Brewster.'
One little piece of business was the arrang-
ig that a copy of each of His works should
bo set •part for an "author's table" at a
bazaar, the proceeds of which were to helj) in
establishing a Medical Mission in Aberdeen.
On Friday, his loving, careful wife implored
him to remain in bed ; but no! — ' Let me rise
once more,' he said ; '1 have still a little work
to do.' On that day be dictated a farewell
letter to Professor Balfour, and to the mem-
bers of the Eoyal Society of Edinburgh. It
was as follows : —
"Allerly, Feb. Slli.
'My dear Professor Balfour: — I have tried
in vain to finish the most important of mj'
papers on Liquid Films, but the most beauti-
tiil drawings of all the phenomena, which its
purpose was to describe, have been finished,
1 think therefore that my friend Mr. Dcas
will, by means of these drawings, produce an
interesting paper. The drawings are numer-
ous, but many of them may be reduced liy
cutting otf the long tails of the glass vessels,
or otherwise. ... I beg you will offer to the
Council my best thanks, and accept of them
to yoursolf, for all the kindness that I have
received from j'ou since I became President
of the Society.
'I had ex]jected to do the work of this ses-
sion, but my indisposition advanced so rapidly
that I found myself unfit for the smallest ex-
ertion, mental or physical. At my great age,
and with a strong faith the change is not un-
welcome. I am, ever most truly j'ours,
D. Brewster.'
In the course of that afternoon he saw the
Rev. Mr. Cousin, his own pastor, who has re-
corded the visit as follows : —
' The last day he was able to be in his
study — three da3-s before he died — it was my
privilege to see and converse with him. He
knew that he was dying. ' My race is run,'
he said ; and there was something almost of
the old scientific habit of thought in what he
added — ' From the palpable failure of strength
fi'om one day to another, I feel as if 1 could
count the very day when all must close.'
Usually he was very reserved in speaking of
himself, but on this occasion his mouth was
opened and his heart enlarged. He spoke
with deep feeling and tenderness of the hap-
l^iness he had enjoyed in life. 'Xever man,'
he said, ' had more cause for thankfulness
than I, but with all that,' he added, 'now that
r can be of no use to myself or any one else,
I have no wish to linger here.' He expressed
the most perfect acquiescence in the Divine
will, and the most perfect peace in reliance
upon Jesus in the prospect of standing very
soon in the Divine presence; 'and yet,' he
added, with something like a falter in his
voice, ' it is not without a wrench that one
parts with all he has most loved on earth.'
That night the work was all over, but the
usual evening occupations still remained,
which I cannot forbear describing as it was
given to me by the third of the little group : —
'On Friday the 7th February, dearest pa])a's
last night in his library, Connie read to him
as usual after his dinner, before going to bed,
the 27th Psalm and 6th Hebrews, singing a
hj-mn to him, as she always did, ' There is a
happy land.' Previous to the reading they
had two games of dominoes together. This
allowance of reading, singing, and games
never varied, but seeing him look tired, and
knowing how poorly he was feeling, I first
advised only one game, and then only one
chapter, but his reply each time was, 'No,
we must do all just as usual ; it may b
last time.'
The fond quiet kiss and good night
nothing else remained, and as he Id
study ho said quietly, 'is'owyou may
the key, for I shall never bo in that
again.' When he undressed, he said, '
away my clothes, this is the last lime 1
wear "them ;' and when he lay down — ' I
never again rise from this bed."
CTo bo concludC'il.)
0 the
over,
t his
turn
room
Take
shall
shall
I'or •' 'fill- Frit-nd."
The Lute Conference of Friends in London.
The subjects which claimed the attention of
this body must dee)ily interest the members
of the Society everywhere. The relative de-
cline in our numbers as com]iared with other
religious Societies, and in view of the great
natural increase of the ]io]iulation of the
civilized world ; the small attendance at our
subordinate meetings for discipline, and the
still I'ewer numbers who are qualified to take
part actively in their business; the instruc-
tion in our religious principles, and the Chris-
tian care att'orded to the j'oung and inexperi-
enced, and the admonition and encourage-
ment bestowed in the families oi' the intlili'erent
or attlicted, come home to us in Philadelphia
Yearly' Meeting with as much force as they
aficct the members in England. Xo one who
values the doctrines and distinguishing views
of Fox, Barcla}', Penn, and Penington, can
be indifferent to the fact, so patent both in
Great Britain and most parts of the United
States, that those who faithfully uphold them
before the world are few in number, and grow-
ing less every decade. Bj' an examination
of the census statistics of the Utiited States
for the years 1850, 18G0 and 1870, we find
that the number of members of the Society
of Friends in the whole country is given at
280,323, 269,084 and 224,604 for those years
respectively; thus indicating a loss of nearly
62,000 members in twenty years, whilst every
other religious denomination in the United
States has increased in the same period, ex-
cepting onlj' the Moravians and Universalists.
If we believe that the principles of the Society
are profitable for ns, and are really the doc-
trines of Christ and the primitive Christians,
we cannot but feel that they would be equally
valuable to the world at large if cordially em-
braced and practised ; and in proportion as
we are brought under the benign influences
of Him who gave his life for the redemption
of mankind, we shall be incited to desire the
like precious faith for others. The distinc-
tion between other protestantseets is so slight,
that it may well be but an indifferent matter
to them whether a brother adheres to the
Presbyterian or F]piscopal form ; worships in
a Methodist chapel, or a Baptist Meeting
House. They all think a man may pray or
preach whenever he finds an opportunity, so
that he has human ordination to start with.
They all use elementary baptism, and partake
of outward bread and wine as essential means
to the spiritual enjo^'ment of inward purifica-
tion and communion. None of them suppose
worship can be duly performed without the
agency of an ofiiciating minister or sensible
sounds ; and all ujjhold war and oaths as justi-
fiable for Christians.
But Friends, rejecting all these as errors en-
grafted by human tradition or weakness on
the true faith and practice enunciated by the
author of Christianity himself, must, if they
182
THE FRIEND.
are loyal to their own principles, seek earn-
estly to lead other Christian professors to the
purer and more spiritual plane they stand
upon. And just here it seems important to
allude to an eri-or that we think many honest
advocates of our distinctive views fall into.
Feelin<i the desirability of drawing all into
80 good a way, they unconsciously almost,
lower the standard of TrutB in order to" ren-
der it more popular ; they would widen the
gate of admission to accommodate the weak-
nesses of the multitude, and thus go counter
to the Captain and Leader of his people, who
is himself the only way to life, and who so-
lemnly declared that this way was narrow
and the entrance into His fold strait.
If numbers are admitted at all as a test of
the value of a religious profession, we should
be obliged to defer to the disciples of Confu-
cius and Buddha, seeing they far outnumber
all the Christians in the world, whilst the
professors of the Mahommedan faith and the
pure pagans are counted by millions. The
itoman Catholics estimate their members at
160 millions throughout the world. The
Methodists of the United Statesnumbered over
six millions in 1870. How important is it then,
in any view of the status of our religious So-
ciety, that we form a just estimate of the value
of its principles, and not be led away from
that fundamental element by the more super-
ficial, but very natural contemplation oi its
unpopularity.
We apprehend this uneasiness as to the
iacrease or paucity of numbers has greatly
contributed to the defection in principle and
practice which has become so obvious among
Friends in England and elsewhere. It has
been leading them on step by step awaj' from
true Quakerism, to accommodate themselves
to others, until blindness has happened in
part to many, whose anxiety to see an exten-
sion of the limits of the Society has outrun
their better judgment, and earlier convictions
of duty. This error is manifest in the re-
marks of several delegates to the conference.
What are we to infer from the expressions of
Jona. Grubb, (a minister), but that he con-
sidered Friends' disuse of the bread and wine
as a loss, when he says, "they (Friends) had
withdrawn from what Avere termed the sa-
craments; and in so doing they had in some
degree lost opportunities of edification for
their younger Friends. In laying aside the
outward emblems, they had also laid aside
the opportunities for commemorating the
dying love of the Eedeemer. Some of their
younger Friends had in other places partaken
of the elements, and notwithstanding the
outward means, they had obtained help, and
perhaps been so led away from meeting." —
" Eobert Bevan thought it would be right to
read the Scriptures in meetings for worship,
though he thought their high standard of the
spirituality of worship ought to be main-
tained. The way of bringing children up to
that spirituality was to let them hear the
Scriptures read at the beginning of the meet-
ings for worship. He should not feel easj'
as a father of a family if his children had
to attend a meeting wholly held in silence."
It seems evident that both the speakers
last quoted lack faith in two of the cardinal
doctrines of the Society of Friends. One of
them being the spiritual nature of the com-
munion of the bodj- and blood of Christ,
without reference to any outward form, and
the latter to the actual headship and teach-
ing of Christ in His church. Of wha#benefit
would it be to draw multitudes into an out-
ward bond of association with the Societj', if
we must let slip the very articles of faith
that tirst drew its members together?
This end can be more readily attained by
allying ourselves at once to some such well
organized and popular sect as the Methodists
or Baptists. They doubtless have their place
in the church universal, and are instrumental
in much that is good. But the Society of
Friends has a peculiar charge to keep, in
pointing upward and onward to higher de-
grees of spiritual truth and practice than any
other Christian denomination has j-et been
willing to adopt ; and they will be recreant
to that sacred trust, thej^ must fail to realize
the grandeur of their mission, if they turn
back to the weak and beggarly elements in
order to court popularity, or gain numbers.
This truth is well stated by Samuel Fox,
(a Friend who could not attend the Confer-
ence, but wrote a letter on its objects, which
was read there), where he says ; '■ Wholly
opposed to the natural inclinations of man
are the requirements of the Divine law ; and
any community of Christians insisting on
the duty of these being uncompromisingly
carried out into practice, must necessarily go
directly counter to the current of popular
sentiment and action."
I(To be coucluded.)
For "Tlie Friend."
Let Every One Look to his Fonndation.
How often the early members of the So
ciety of Friends pointed to, and pleaded for
the necessity of becoming Jews inwardly ; and
for that baptism and circumcision which is
" of the heart, in the spirit and not in the
letter; who^o praise is not of men but of God.'
While this tends to put out the outward, car-
nal ej-e, it at the same time re-anoints the in
ward and spiritual unto seeing the things that
belong to our peace ; and whereby, as saith
the apostle, " Though our outward man per-
ish, yet the inward man is renewed day by
day." If, as written again, " The natural man
cannot understand the things of the Spirit of
God for they are foolishness unto him," &c.,
how indispensable that we should, before
every thing else, bo engaged, through obedi-
ence to Christ's reproving, saving light, to ])ut
on the new man which after God is created in
righteousness and true holiness." That not
with " the wisdom of this world," which " is
foolishness with God," but with the wisdom
which is from above, the hidden wisdom, the
heavenly wisdom, the wisdom given by the
Spirit, the wisdom profitable to direct unto
every good word and work, we may, as I.
Penington saj's, " know the appearance of the
Lord" within us, and becoming children, fools,
and blind in the eyes of a misjudging world,
" sell all apace — if we have not — that we may
have wherewith to buy the pearl of unspeak-
able and eternal value. The following from
Isaac Penington, on "The Way of Life and
Death made Manifest, and set before Men,"
is commended to the careful perusal and con-
sideration of the readers of "The Friend:"
"Now this I have to say to all; Let every
one look to his foundation. For the Lord can
arise again ; j-ea, and will arise again, and
shake once more; and then the heavens and
the earth, which have not a true foundation,
cannot but fall. If the earth bo not founded
upon and settled in righteousness, its present
establishment will not stand. If the heavens
be not founded upon and settled in Truth
they will melt and pass away before the tiri
of the Lord. There is a spirit that mournetl
deeply to the Lord, groaning inwardly, anc
his ears are open to it, and He vjill plead the ca us
of his seed; and the churches and religion! '
wherein the seed of the serpent can live atn
flourish, shall wither and come to an end
Dust is already become the serpent's food
The spirit of man in all his exercises of religion
knoweth not the -bread of life ; but the deac
feed upon the dead, and the dead spirit o
man loves to have it so. But this cannot con
tinue ; for the Lord hath been at work all thi;
while ; and when he brings Ibrth the peopk
which he hath been forming, and their re
ligion, the religion of men will appear whal
it is ; and shame and sorrow will be the por
tion of all who have pleased themselves there
in, and trifled away the day of their visita
tion.
Be wise now, therefore, O ye wise-ones! b(
religious, O j'e religious-ones! open the eye
and ear that have been shut ; shut the eye
and ear that have been open : stumble nc
longer, lest ye fall and rise no more. I know
ye cannot see ; for the wrong eye is open, anc i
the Lord hath designed to hide his wisdoir
from that eye. If it be possible for you, be '
come poor in spirit; lest ye at last prove t(
be the rich, whom the Lord will send eraptj
away. Sell all apace, that ye may have, t(
buy the pearl. Ye have not known the ap '
pearance 6f the Lord ; but in your wisdon 1
have disdained it, and he hath disdained h
make use of you in this great work ; but i
bath been pleasant to him to Lay the stumblin;
blocks before you, that ye might fall [on tb(
stone, Christ — Luke xx. 18] and be broken
The children, the fools, the blind can see thi
way, and enter into life ; but ye that are men
that are wise, that have both your eyes, tha
can judge in religion, and determine what i:
orthodox, and what erroneous, ye cannot.
O hear, that your souls may live ! Ye knov
not how short your time is ; the day of you: '
visitation passeth away faster than you ar*
aware. The cry hath long gone forth, Be
hold, the Bridegroom cometh, and his sponsi
hath been preparing for him. Ye must ot
with your old garments, and have the nev ,
on. Ye must have the true oil in your lamps
or the door of the kingdom will be shut upoi
you, and there will be no entrance for you
In plain terms, you must part with all yon
religion which you hare gathered in your owi '
wisdom, which hath grownup in the apostacy |
and which only can make a fair show in th
dark; but cannot endure the searching Ugh-
of the day of the Lord ; and ye must purchae'
the true religion,_the true righteousness, thi
true innocency and purity of Christ. The ol( I
must be done away, truly done away, and th'
new come in the place. So that self and flesl
may be cpiite destroyed, and nothing bu
Christ found in you, and you found nowheri
but in Christ, if you enter into his kingdom
for no unclean thing can enter. Therefon
put away pride, and passion, and enmity, an(
fleshly reasonings, and seek out that which ii
pure, and enter into it, and take up the crosn
against all that is contrary, that so you maj
be wrought into it, and found in it. Anc
turn from all imaginings and concerning!
about the meanings of scriptures in the uncer
tain and erring mind, and come to thatvfhicl
is infallible. And know the silencing of tb(
fleshly part, that the spiritual part may grow
THE FRIEND.
183
n the wisdom, that so je may learn in the
Spirit, and know tlio word of God, and bo able
;o speak to it."
I
For "The Friend."
was much interested in the short but
.ively obituary notice of our dear 3-ounif
riend, J. Wistar Evans, and comforted in tlie
jelief, that throiiirh mercy and redeeming
eve he was permitted to enter the mansions
)f eternal rest. 1 was intimately acquainted
with him for a number of years, first as a
ichool boy, then in his adolescence, and after-
wards, in his early manhood, was associated
iyith him in some of those labors for the
prelfare of others, spoken of in his obituary —
ind cheerfuU}^ bear witness to those good
qualities of mind and heart which endeared
lim to those around him, and made him use-
ul in the world. We have no reason to doubt
ifaat he was preserved from all the "grosser
•vils;" that he maintained the strictest moral-
ly and integrity, was useful and in many re-
jiects exemplary in religious society, and I
lelieve desirous to know a preparation for an
entrance into a state of purity in the realms
leyond the grave. When, however, hecameto
ie on a d^-ing bed, and to look back over the
eaves of his past life, he saw that all these
vere not enough to secure him an admis-
ion there. The work of sanctification and
•■all redemption had not been accomplished.
Through mercy, salvation was experienced ;
lut let none presume on this to defer enter-
ng on the needful work, M'ith fear and trem-
'ling.
I often mourn ovei'the easygoing religion,
ow being introduced among professing Chris-
iaos, and not only into other societies, which
o not profess to be so selt-denj'ing in theii-
iriiiciples as ours, but which is promulgated
y some who are sent abroad as regularly ac-
redited ministers of the Societj' of Friends.
ILow flippantly we hear the solemn words
ometimes spoken, '' Come to Jesus." Re-
'gion is made a veiy easy thing. The apos-
'le Paul says, '• The word of God is quick,
;nd powerful, and sharper than any two-edged
•word, piercing even to the dividing asunder
fthe soul and spirit, and the joints and mar-
ow," &c. But these modern teachers have
nilcavored to soften down the great work
f regenerali<")n and to make it easy to flesh
'nd blood. Paul says, "J.W have sinned and
ome short of the glory of God." If there-
ire oil have sinned, all need to be washed
nd cleansed from the pollution of sin, for
othing im]>ure or unholj' can ever enter the
'ingdom of Heaven. The apostle says to some,
'But ye are washed, but ye are sanctified,
at ye are justified in the name of the Lord
esiis, and by thes)iirit of our God." Here is
ad down the plan by which sanctification and
'istification are to be experienced. " By grace
'e are saved," says the same apostle, " through
'lith, and that not of yourselves, it is the gift
f God, not by works lest any man should
oast."
From these and manj- other passages of
L0I3- Scriptures of similar im]iort, it plainly
ppears, that not by a mere intellectual be-
ef (or • faith') in what the Saviour has done
ir us, in that he died for us on Mount Cal-
ary ; not by reading and studying the Holy
[Criptures; not even " b}^ works of righteous-
iess which wo have done, but according to
'[is mercy he saveth us, by the washing of
:^generation and renewing of the Holy Ghost."
Our blessed Saviour said, '-Many will say
unto ifl» in that day, 'Lord, Lord, have wo
not prophesied in thy name, and in thy name
east out devils, and in th}' name done man}-
wonderful work.s?' and then will I profess
unto them I never knew you; depart from me,
ye that work iniquity."
May none, either old or young, be deceived
in so all-important a matter, — but by submit-
ing to the unalterable terms of salvation,
may many sons be gathered from far, and
daughters as from the ends of the earth.
Then would Zion rejoice, shake herself from
the dust, and put on her beautiful garments,
and once more como up out of the wilder-
ness, leaning on the arm of her beloved.
THE FRIEND.
FIRST MONTH 24. 1874.
Li the veiy interesting journal lelt by
Thomas Shillitoe of his life, and of the tribu-
lated ])ath which he was culled to pursue, as
a devoted disciple of Christ, he narrates a re-
markable and instructive dream that he had,
while under much trial of his faith. He felt
that it was required ot' him to ]3art with a cer-
tain portion of the small estate he possessed,
in order that ho might he more entirely freed
from the entangling and hindering things of
the world, and thus more completelj' fitted to
engage, whenever called, in the service of his
Lord and Master. He had already, under a
senseofdutj', relinquished a lucrative business,
feeling that it " engrossed more of [his] atten
tion than was profitable for [him], in the
situation in which [he] stood in religious So-
ciety;" and as he had a wife and children de-
pendent on him, the sacrifice required was a
costly one.
We trust our readers will be willing to
ponder the dream and its interpretation^ for
their own benefit.
'■I saw before me, a straight but ver}- nar-
row path gradually lising, at the foot of
which .stood a man very simply attired, who
ofl'ered to take the charge of safely guiding
me up. I followed him : when we had reached
about two-thirds of the way up, my guide
halted, and turning himself round, requested
me to do the same, which I aecordingl}' did.
He then bid me take a view both on tlie right
hand and on the left of the road I had been
ascending: on my right hand, the ground in
the bottom ap);)eared rocky and uncultivated,
covered with rubbish, grass, and trees that
had been stunted in their growth : these I
was told were fit for nothingbut the fire, and
that they were comparable to those whose
hearts continued to be like the stony and
thorny ground. I then turned to take a view
on my left hand, and shuddered in myself,
when my guide pointed out to me the danger-
ous precipice, close to the edge of which 1
had travelled. The foundation of the path
appeared as steep as a house side ; which led
me to conclude, the road on which my guide
had thus far conducted me must bo founded
on a rock, otherwise the path being so ver}-
narrow, from the weight of m}' bo<ly I must
have been precipilated into the vast barren
space I beheld. In this I observed a number
of persons huddled together, at times grub-
bing witli their hands in the earth, and at
other times employing themselves in tossing
the earth from one hand to the other, every
now and then looking one at the other, with
a sort of consciousness that they were em-
ploj-ing th(Mr time in vain, and saying one to
another, 'I am countenanced in spending inj-
time in this manner by thee,' and another, 'I
am countenanced by thee' (.)n which 1
queried with my guide, ' What does this all
mean? these men do not look like common
laborers, neither have they such tools as com-
mon daj'-laborers use ; Besides this, they are
all clad in very nice and costly apparel, like
men of the first rank in the world witli re-
spect to property.' My guide assured rae,
that although they were thus apparelled, and
were rich in worldly substance, wanting no-
thing this world could bestow to make them
as happy as it was cajiablo of. yet, having
made riches their chief hope for happiness,
they had become so estranged in love and
affection from that Divine Power which only
can make truly hapiiy. that they were com-
jiletely miserable. My guiile, turning round,
bid me follow him; and as we began again
to ascend, instructed mo to keep very near to
him, continually reminding me, tliat although
I had mercifull}- escaped the danger, which
those I had observed in the barren space had
fallen into, yet I was not out of the way of
danger; and that my safety depended on my
keeping continually near to him,ej'eing him in
ever}- step I took from day to day, without
which I should j-et be precipitated into the
liarren space with those miserable persons I
had beheld, and become their doleful com-
panion."
It is not merely in relation to the acquisi-
tion and enjoyment of wealth, that wo may
draw instruction from this visicui ; but also in
relation to the comjiliance with the manners
and spirit of the world, which has made such
sad inroads upon us as a people; as evinced
by the present more fashionable and expen-
sive style of dressing and living, than has
characterized consistent Friends from the be-
ginning of tho Society. A» Friends profess
to be a selfdenying people, having a testi-
mony to bear against the self-indulgent and
ostentatious ways of the world, it is neces-
sarily more or less of a cross to manifest that
testimony in dress, address and style of living;
including mansion, furniture and adornments.
There are, therefore, few things in which we
are more easily and powerfully affected by
the influence of example, than in the support
or disregard of this righteous testimony.
One member persua<les himself or herself,
that he or she can be just as good a christian
arrayed in the common garb of the worldling,
and therefore, though not wishing to embark
fully on the tide of fashion, decides not to wear
a dress that will indicate to every one that
he or she is a Friend. Or a parent will con-
clude that though he or she may dress plain,
yet it is not worth while to clothe their chil-
dren like Friends. The consequence follow-
ing is not confined to this pei'son or family,
but another and another and another — the
circle ever widening — are induced or encour-
aged b}- the example thus set, to follow in the
same path, and probably each goes some steps
furtiier in tho indulgence of pride and folly.
A Fi'iend v.-iih aniplo pecuniary means
purchases, builds or rents, a spacious, modish
built house, and introduces fundture into its
rooms which is supjio.-^ed to correspond with
the outside appearance : he hangs photographs
on the walls, has his mantels covei-ed with
costly ornaments, and the habits of his family
184
THE FRIEND.
coiToapond with the somewhat luxurious
equipments. Another, though perhaps not
as well aljle to bear the expense, is stimulated
by the pattern thus held up, not to lag behind
in imitation of his or her self-indulgent friend
or neighbor ; and so the departure IVom sim-
plicity^ plainness and neatness, that once dis-
tinguished the home and family of a Friend,
has become in many places very i'requent and
very wide. Thus deviating, step by step, from
the narrow way, luxury and show have crept
in among many, until we now see mirrors
reaching from iioor to ceiling, the walls are
decorated with pictures, the floors covered
with gorgeous carpets, furniture elaborately
carved, &c., Arc, so that often, taken with the
attire of the inmates, one would be at a loss
to distinguish the residence from that of the
godless man of the world.
In thus gratifying the lust of the eye, and
in thus indulging in the pride of life, how
many may truly say, as they look one on an-
other, "1 am countenanced in spending my
time in this manner by thee;" and another,
" I am countenanced by thee." And is there
not danger that while some are taking their
delight in the costliness or fashionableness of
their apparel, and the sumptuousness of their
dwellings, the words of our Saviour may be
applicable to their spiritual condition, '-The
foxes have holes, and the birds of the air have
nests, but the Son of Man has not where to
lay his head."
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
Foreign. — Un the 13th inst. Cartagen;i surrendered
to the guTernment troops under General Doruinguez.
The Spanish iron-clad Xumancia escaped to Algeria
with lioOO of tlje insurgent refugees from Cartagena un
board. The French authorities promptly took posses-
sion of tlie vessel, and after sending three of the insur-
gent chiefs to the capital of Algeria, ordered the reni.ain-
ing refugees interned in the forts and barracks of Oran
and Mers-el-keber. The Sumancia was then delivered
up to a Spanish frigate. The Spanish government has
thanked that of France for the course pursned l\v it.
Gen. Domingnez has been assigned to the command of
the army in the north of Spain, and that army will be
increased by the addition of most of the force employed
in the reduction of Cartagena.
The Barcelona insurrection h.as been suppressed and
order restored.
A meeting of deputies constituting a majority in the
late Cortes, has adopted a vote of contidence in Castclar,
and reqnesteil him to prepare a manifesto to the nation.
The French Ministers have informed the Committee
of the Assembly on the electoral bill, that the govern-
ment accepts twenly-tive years of age and three years
residence as qualifications for voters, and is in favor of
the appointment of Senators by the government as
conncil general, in the event of the creation of an upper
house.
The general debate on the bill providing for the
nomination of mayors by the government, ended in a
resolution to proceed to the discussion of the bill by a
vote of SIS to ol2. An amendment providing that
mayors shall be chosen from among the members of
municipal councils, was voted down by a majority of
five. The same amendment was again offered and re-
jected by a small majority.
Persons passing between France and Italy are no
longer required to be provided with passports.
A Loniion dispatch of the 17th says : The extensive
flour mills at Leilh were almost totally destroyed by
tire last nighl. The loss is estimated at £250,000, and
400 hands are thrown out of employment.
The ship Minnehaha, from Callao for Dublin, has
been lost on the Scilly Islands, and ten of the seamen
were drowned.
A large tire occurred in the Portsmouth dock-yard
on the loth inst., destroying a quantity of stores which
had been collected there for the Ashantee e.\pedition.
Sir Garnet W'ldseley and staff' started for the river
Prah on the 27th of 12th rao. His scouts had pene-
trated sevei-al miles beyond the river without encounter-
ing any of the Ashantee.s.
The argument for the defence In the celebrated Tich-
borne case has been concluded. As Hawkins, counsel
for the prosecution, was leaving the court, ^ was mob-
bed by the friends of the Tichborne claimant, and the
interference of the police was necessary to save him
from violence.
A diflerence has arisen between Gladstone and Lowe
which may probably result in the retirement of the
latter from tlie government.
The North German Gazette say.s, if the policy of
France is made subservient to the temporal aims of the
Papacy, the peace of Europe will be compromised.
There was an exciting scene in the Landsiag on the
16th. An Ultramontane deputy quoted a passage from
a recent work of General La Marmora, alleging that
Bismarck, in 1866, discussed the cession to France of a
portion of the Khenish territory. Prince Bismarck
rose and pronounced the statement an audacious and
malicious falsehood.
A St. Petersburg dispatch announces the arrival of
the Prince and Princess of Wales. The marriage of
the Duke of Edinburg was to take place on the 19th
inst.
Advices from Rio Janeiro report that the termina-
tion of the war in Entre Rios had been officially de-
clared. General Jordan, the leader of the rebellion,
had been totally defeated, and was a fugitive. His ad-
herents had given in their submission to the govern-
ment.
Mexican advices say that a strong opposition to Pre-
sident Lerdo de Tejada is forming. He has summoned
all the State governors to the capital to discuss affairs
of State.
London, 1st mo. 19tb. — Consols 92}. U. S. bonds of
lSfi7, 108.
Liverpool. — Uplands cotton 8c/. Breadstufis quiet.
United States. — Mortality in Philadelphia last
week 295, in the city of New York .509.
Soon after Caleb Gushing was nominated for the
position of Chief Justice of the United States Supreme
Court, the President found the appointment was con-
sidered objectionable by many Senators, and he there-
iVire withdrew it. On the 19th President Grant nomi-
nated Morrison R. Waite, of Ohio, to be Chief .Justice.
Subsequently the Senate, in executive session, referred
the niimination to the Committee on the Judiciary.
Waite has no national reputation, but is respected in
Ohio for his abilities and acquirements.
Congres.s in both Houses has been engaged in the
consideration of financial measures and the question of
the currency. The views of the speakers are widely
divergent, some urging a contraction of the currency,
curtailment of expenses and return to specie payments,
while others insist that such measures would be most
disastrous to the interests of the country, and that so far
from there being any redundancy of the circulating
medium, there is really a great deficiency, and the cur-
rency ought to be materially increased.
The House of Representatives agreed to the Senate
substitute for the salary bill, by a vote of 226 to 25.
The message of the mayor of New York shows the
city debt to be §106,371, 9.33, an increase since 1871 of
§9,084,428. The expenditures for maintaining the city
government for the year 1873, were about $32,000,000 ;
in 1871 tliey amounted to §36,262,580.
During the year 1873 the number of vessels belong-
ing to or trading to ports in the United States, which
suli'ered shipwreck, was 459, with an estimated loss to
the amount of *1 1,783,000.
The slatemenls published in California show tliat the
total value of the gold and silver produced west of the
.Mississippi last year, was about $72,250,000. Nevada
produced $35,254,507, and California §18,025,722.
The Markets, t&c. — The following were the quotations
on the 19th inst. Neio York. — American gold, 111 J.
U. S. sixes, 1881, reg. 116 j; coupons 1175 ; ditto, 1867,
117; ditto, 10-40 5 per cents, 112.;- a 113. Superfine
fiour, $5.88 a §6.15 ; State extra, $6.75 a S-7 ; finer
brands, $7.50 a $11. White Indiana wheat, S1.74 ; red
western, jbI.68 ; No. 1 Chicago spring, §1.62 ; No. 2 do.,
S1..58 a §1.60. West Canada barley, §1.87. Rye, §1.05.
Oats, 62.V a 64.} cts. Western mixed corn, 91 cts. ; new
corn, 82 a 86 cts. Philadelphia. — Jliddlings cotton, 17
a 17i cts. Superfine flour, $4.75 a §5.75 ; extras, $6 a
§6.50; finer brands, 47 a $10.50. Red wheat, §1.60 a
§1.65; amber, §1.70 a §1.81 ; white, $1.85 a $1.90; No.
1 spring, §1.63. Rye, 93 a 95 cts. Y'ellow corn, SO a
84 cts. Oats, 58 a 64 cts. Smoked hams, 12 a 14 cts.
Lard, 91 a 91 cts. Clover seed, 8} a 10 cts. Timothy,
$3.50 per bushel. About 2300 beef cattle sold at 74a
7.f cts. per lb. gross for extra ; 6 a 7 cts. for fair to good,
and 4 a 5 cts. per lb. gross for common. Prime sheep,
sold at 6 a 8 cts. per lb. gro.s.s, and common 5 a 5'| cts.
Hogs $8.25 a $8.50 per 100 lb. net. Ballimare.— Choice
white wheat, $1.90 a $1.92; fair to prime, $1.75 a $1.85;
red wheat, $1.65 a $1.88 ; choice amber, $1.90 a $1.!
Y'ellow corn, 83 a 87 cts. ; white, 90 a 93 cts. Oats,
a 63 cts. Chicago. — No. 1 spring wheat $1.24 ; Nu.
do., $1.22J ; No. 3 do., $1.16. No. 2 mixed corn, 5
cts. Oats^ 41 cts. Rye, 79 cts. No. 2 barley, §1.1
Lard, $8.90 a §9 per 100 lbs. Cincinnati. — \\he.
S;1.48 a $1..50. Corn, 61 a 63 cts. Rye, 93 a 95 ciJ
Lard, 8J a 91- cts. \
THE INDIAN AID ASSOCIATION.
The Executive Committee of Philadelphia Frien
having accepted charge of the schools for the Wya
dotte, Wichita, Kiowa and Comanche Indians, reque
the contributions of Friends in order to supply son
pressing needs.
It has been found necessary to collect the children ij
Boarding Schools, and various articles of clothin'
furniture, &c., are wanted to insure their comfort at
proper care. Some money can also be judiciously e;
pended in school supplies, in addition to those provid(
by the Government.
This is a critical time in Indian affairs, and help nc
will be extremely valuable.
Contributions may be sent to John S. Stokes,
this office.
'(
FRIENDS' BOARDING SCHOOL FOR INDIA'
CHILDREN, TUNESASSA, NEW YORK. %
A teacher of the school will be wanted at the coi,
mencement of the Spring term. Al.so a Friend to a!
as assistant matron. !l
Application may be m.ade to 1
Ebenezer Worth, Marshallton, Chester Co., Pa I
Joseph Scattergood, 413 Spruce St., Philada.
Aaron Sharpless, Street Road P. O., Chest
Co., Pa.
Thomas Wistar, Fox Chase P. O., Philada
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
As the stations of Superintendent and Matron of tl
Institution are expected to be vacated at the close oft
Winter Session, in the 4th month next. Friends w!
may feel drawn to undertake the duties attached
them, are requested to communicate thereon witheitb
of the following named members of the Committee.
Nathaniel N. Stokes, Cinnaminson Post-offi(
Burlington Co., N. .1.
Charles Evans, No. 702 Race St., Philadelphi
Deborah Rhoads, Haddonfield, N. J.
Rebecca S. Allen, No. 335 S. Fifth St., Philac
FRIENDS' ASY^LUM FOR THE INSANE.
Near Frankford, (Jweniy-third Ward,) Philadelphia
Physician and Superintendent — Joshua H. Wobt
INGTON, M. D.
Applications for the Admission of Patients may
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Board
Managers.
Died, on the 1st of 5th mo. 1873, John Peebli*
aged 74 years. He was firmly attached to the doctrin
and testimonies of the Society, of which he had alwa
been a consistent member, mourning over those tli
departed therefrom. During his long and severe il
ness, he w.as preserved in patience and resignation, an
with intellect unclouded, he passed away, leaving tl
conviction that he died in full possession of faith; sa
ing near the close, among other precious words, "It
worth the living to die."
MiCHAL Peebles, widow of the above nann
Friend, died in full assurance of faith, 6th rao. 5l
1873, aged 68 years. She was in all the relations
life an exemplary woman, modest and retiring in h
disposition, watchful in attending to duties she believe
to be required of her, esteeming lierself one of the lea
in the house of her Lord and Master. She was sic
but six days, and during that time could converse b
little ; all she said, however, in reference to her full]
prospects was satisl'actory, and if she had said nothin
her lile was a sufficient evidence that her death, thouf
a great loss to family and friends, was to her " gre
gain." These dear Friends were members of Dov.
Monthly Meeting, Clinton Co., Ohio.
, at Muncy, Lycoming Co., Pa., on the 16lh
11th mo. 1873, Catharine W. Ecroyd, wife erf Hem
Ecroyd, in the 74th year of her .age. "And I heard,
voice from heaven saying unto me. Write, blessed ai
the dead which die in the Lord from henceforth; ye
saith the Spirit, that they may rest from their labor
and their works do follow them."
WILLIAM H. PILE, PRINTER.
No. 422 Walnut Street.
r
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. 2LVII.
SEVENTH-DAY, FIRST MONTH 31, 1874.
NO. 24,
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
■ice Two Dollars per annum, if paid in advance. Two
dollars and fifty cents, if not paid in advance.
Sabsoriptiona and Payments receiveil by
JOHN S. STOKES,
IT yo. 116 VORTH FOURTH STREET, nP 8TA1R8,
PHIIiADELFHIA.
"ita^e, when paid qnarterlr in advance, five cents.
For " The Friend."
The Late Conference of Friends in Loudon.
(Oonclndtd from r^S© IS2.^
Whilst the reader of the remarks made at
le Conference m.i}' well bo s-truck with the
ude views .several of the speakers seem to
)ld of the con.-ititution and doctrines of the
iiciely of Friends, there were raanj' valual)le
!id instriictivo observations elicited, which
19 may all do well to ponder. John Ilodi;-
Jn alluded to faniih- visits — "He knew no
^urch which hail a better mode than that,
■jbich had been a benefit to him from child-
j>od to old aj:
■ Did Friends as
urch ; did their overseers and elders, do
air duty to all the members?" "There
jis a time when paatoral care was needed
Ir those who had left childhood, and had
It fully reached manhood. At that time he
imiLcht there was a deficiency." "Isaac
ib^iin believed that there was great need at
te present day of more parental instruction to
leir young members. A good deal had been
(id as to the meetings for worship not being
('apted to children; but if children were in-
f 'ucied hj their parents as to why they came
• .(etlier, he thought thej' would be more
I'cly to appreciate them. All religious
liohing should, in the language of George
IX. be such as would bi-ing the peo])le to
tiiir ii-ee teacher — Christ Jesus." J. Bevan
1-aithvv-aite in the course of his remarks,
(■d; "Surely in these days of ritualism, and
tidency to increased formality, it was not
ii time to de])art from their dependance
< Him alone who was their propitiation —
t-ough whom alone without other inter-
vation they had access to the Father. It
H been well said that theirs was a testi-
I'ny, not to silence, but to spirituality, — to
■« I'ship not made by human arrangements,
rt dependant on any one man, or the per-
f raance of any pre-arranged ceremony, but
tiiendant on the presence of Christ alone."
J.t is evident that a more pious care is much
Bided among many parents within our borders
t instruct their children in the truths of the
1 ly Scriptures. This duty is strictly en-
jued in the excellent Disci[)lino of Phi'ladel
1' a Yearly Meeting, adopted as far back as
1 i2, in the following language: "We ten-
d ly and earnestly advise and exhort all
parents and heads of families, that they en-
deavor to instruct their children and families in
the doctrines and precepts of the Christian re-
ligion as contained in the Holy Scriptures ; and
that they excite them to the diligent i-eading
of those excellent writings, which iilaiul}' set
forth the miraculous conception, birth, holy
life, wonderful works, blessed example, meri-
torious death, and glorious resurre(,-tion, ascen-
sion, and mediation of our Lord and Saviour
Jesus Christ; and to educate their children in
the belief of those important truths, as roell as
the belief of the inward, manifestation and opera-
tion of the Holy Spirit on their own minds ; that
they may reap the benefit and advantage
thereof for their own peace and everlasting
happiness; which is infinitely pi'efcrablo to
all other considerations." We may here ob-
serve not only the injunction contained in our
annual query with respect to frequent rertt/irtr/
the Holy Scriptures in our families, but also
the obligation to "instruct and educate them in
the belief of their doctrines and precepts."
The subject of family' visits is made a dis-
tinct section in the Discipline of Philadelphia
Yearly Meeting; from which the following
paragraph is abstracted: "As the visiting oi
Friends in their families in the openings of
heavenly wisdom, is a service which hath
often been blessed to the minds of the visitors
and visited; this meeting hath, from time to
time, recommended it to the .solid attention of
(^^uarterly and Monthly Meetings ; and it is
desired, that concerns of this nature may be
tenderly cherished, and those who are rightly
exercised therein, encouraged to move for-
ward in due season, and in a humble depend-
ance on the Shepherd of Israel, who not only
puts his own forth, but goes before and re
wards all who are faithful to his appointments,
with the enriching reward of sweet comfort
and sol ill peace."
By ref''rence to the minutes of Philadelphia
Yearly Meeting in the earlier part of the pre-
sent centurj', it ajipears to have been expected
that Quarterly Meetings should send up some
account annually of the care bestowed on their
members by Axmily visits; and where but
little effort was maile in this direction, it was
common to notice it in the reports.
It does not seem that the ]iresent lapsed
condition of the. Society grows out of any want
of adaptation in its disciplinary means to the
objects in view. The liberty of action and
modes of operation pointed out under our or-
ganic rules arc ample. We must look deeper
than this for the causes of the decline. They
doubtless lie in the same disposition of the
human heart which induced many of the dis-
ciples of Christ in the age of His personal ap-
pearance among men, to go back and walk no
more with Him. when Ho told them that
■' exce]jt ye eat the flesh of the Son of Man,
and drink his blood, ye have no life in you."
The same that made the world hate Him be-
cause He testified of it that the works thereof
are evil. The apostle John testifies : " If any
man love the world, the love of the Father is
not in him. For all that is in the world, the
lust of the flesh and the hist of the cj-es, and
the pride of life, is not of the Father, but of
the world." The early members of the So-
ciety of J'^riends believed in and lived up to
these doctrines. Thej' were well settled in
them in fact before they organized a religious
association, and it onl}' required the agita-
tion of a i'iiw well chosen instrument'^ among
these elements to crystalize them into form.
Prepared in the mountain as the stones of the
temple, they came together in beautiful har-
mony, almost without the sound oi axe or
hammer. This was the first process ; but the
work of adding to and perpetuating such an
organization in succeeding generations in-
volved further and distinct processes .as well
as influences. The zeal and energy that ani-
mate the inauguration of any new enterprise,
wc all know, is subject to cool off with the
advance of time. The blasts of persecution
fanned the fervor of the early Friends, and
served to unite them in one compact front
against a common enemy. The contrast be-
tween their cross-bearing lives and the licen-
tiousness of the English National Church
under Chailes II., placed a broad lino of de-
marcation between them and the prevailing
form of professed Christianity, which served
to fill their ranks with the earnest seekers
after the Truth from that source. But when
tho more tolerant reign of AVilliam and Mary
released them from the pressure of fines and
imprisonment on account of their religion,
and the increasing power of the other dissent-
ing sects had in measure cleared tho moral
atmosphere of the corrujUions of prelacy;
when the first generation of Friends had been
mostly gathered to their eternal reward, and
their children had fallen into their places, not
always so much by reason of a heart-chang-
ing reception of tho Truth which had united
their parents, as through the force of educa-
tion and habit ; then wc find a reaction from
lirimitive life and power had sot in ; and about
tho middle of the 18th century John Griffith
records a lifeless condition of tho meetings in
England, which was perhaps more conspicu-
ous than the present. From this low state a
revival afterwards was realized, and similar
ebbings and flowings of the tide have been
experienced front time to time since.
It is elementaiy truth that no stream can
rise higher than its source, and therefore we
shall vainly look for a genuine revival in our
Society through any means short of our holy
Head and Leader, and submission to His grace
in the hearts of the members. "To as many
as receive Him, to them gave He power to
become the .sons of God." These were born
not of the will of the flesh, nor of man, but of
God. All eft'iirts, then, which originate in the
will of the fleshly or carnal nature in man, to
build up a church with a fair outside, and to
add members who are unwilling to receive
Christ in his oflice as a baptizer with fire to
18G
THE FBIEND.
separate the chaffy, worldly nature of the soul
from the heavenly grain, will result in a coun-
terfeit structure that must be consumed as
■wood, hay, and stubble, in the day when every
man's work shall be tried of what sort it is.
"Lot every man, then, take heed how he
buildeth," even on the one onlj' foundation, in
the words of the apostle, 1 Cor. iii. 10, &c.
But is there not room for the humble, obe-
dient follower of the High Priest of our pro-
fession, to hope for a blessing on his aspira-
tions for the extension of spiritual religion
among his follow men ? There was an ancient
congregation of Christians to whom this lan-
guage was addressed. " I know thy works :
behold I have set before thee an open door,
and no man can shut it." * * " Because
thou hast kept the word of my patience, I
also will keep thee from the hour of tempta-
tion which shall come upon all the world to
try them that dwell upon the earth." "He
that hath an ear, let him hear what the spirit
saith unto the churches." Oh, then, may the
longing souls that are engaged to plead with
the compassionate Fatherof spirits, that there
shall come forth outof Zion a Deliverer, who
shall turn away ungodliness from Jacob, that
so all Israel may be saved, and the kingdoms
of this world become those of our Lord and
his Christ, be willing to possess their souls in
patience. May they look only to Him to lead
us up out of this wilderness state, and not
make other gods to themselves, through im-
patience at the stay of their spiritual Moses
in the mount.
Great are the promises to the believers
through the efficacy of true prayer, in the
name (or power) of Christ. "If ye abide in
me, and my words abide in you, ye sball ask
■what ye will, and it shall be done unto you."
* * "Verily, verily I say unto you, what-
soever ye shall ask the Father in my name
he will give it you." * * " Ask, and ye shall
receive, that your joy may be full." "Beloved,
if our heart condemn us not, then we have
confidence toward God; and whatsoever we
ask we receive of him, because we keep his
commandments, and do those things that are
pleasing in his sight." The prayers of those
who dwell in the frame of mind indicated by
these words of Christ and his apostle, we arc
told will avail much. May they ascend in
secret and openly as begotten by the Father
of lights, for a true revival among the people
called Quakers; and let each one be willing
to put away from his own heart and house-
hold, every idol that maj- defile or separate
between him and a God whoso name is jealous;
and then -we may trust that the jjromise re-
corded for a repentant pef>ple in ancient lime,
may be measureably realized in the lines of
our experience. " In that day it shall be said
to Jerusalem, fear thou not; and to Zion, Let
not thine hands be slack. The Lord thy God
in the midst of thee is mightj^; he will Bav(>,
ho will rejoice over thee with joy; he will
rest in his love, he will joy over thee with
singing. I will gather them that ai-e sorrow-
ful for the solemn assembly who are of thee,
to whom the i-eproach of it was a burden."
Power of Application. ^Whj have so man}-
brilliant young men come to nautiht in this
active and busy world of ours? What is the
cause of their failure? It was not from dissi-
pation, for they were temperate. It was not
from indulging in games of chance, for they
did not gamble. It was not because of indo-
lence, for they were industrious. It was not
from wastefulness, for they were saving, and
not spendthrifts. What, then, is the reason
for their want of success? Wo reply: They
lacked application. It was "a little while
here" and "a little while there." "Many
things commenced, nothing finished." Such
persons become "jacks at all trades, and good
for nothing at any."
Admit the facts ; but who is to blame ?
When a child is left to seek its own pleasure
or pursuit, it is not likely to practice self-de-
nial to any great extent. Later, when sent
to school, it is plied with — how many differ-
ent studies ? Formerly, a lad of ten or twelve
years of ago found it enough to do in one
school season to master reading, writing, and
common arithmetic, with grammar and geog-
raph}' added. How is it in fashionable schools
to-day ? How many difl'erent studies is the
juvenile expected to master? All the forego-
ing, and as many more. Is it surprising that
such a mind lacks application ?
Let parents begin early with a child, and
teach it to think and act consecutively ; to
apply itself to a given object, be it work or be
it play, till an end be attained. If building
a cob or a block house be the thing in hand,
et it be completed ; then, having attained the
end sought, let the thing be taken down,
packed uji, and carefully jnit away for use on
another occasion. But while about the work,
lot nothing call the mind away or divert it
until com))letely finished.
By pursuing such a course, you cultivate
both application and method ; so, also, con-
structiveness and imitation. The boy would
make a kite, a boat, or a sled. The girl would
dress a doll, knit a slocking, or make a cake.
All right, only so that it bo the one thing at
a time, and that thing bo finished before an-
other be taken up.
For **The i'riend."
Jolin Heald.
(Coutinne-i from page Ho.)
"8th mo. 2(1, 1818. At a meeting called
Unity, held in a school-house, I sat under con-
siderable exercise. The vocal lal)or was very
heavy and trying, occasioned as I thought by
the dark, inconsistent opinion of Univcrsalism.
I labored long and got but little entrance, but
having acquitted myself in love, I felt clear,
but pitied the condition that refused to be
gathered.
In the afternoon we had a meeting at Fair-
fax, but I could find no way for a release of
mind, and requested another meeting next
morning. Wo lodged at Oliver Winslow's.
3rd was a wet morning. This perhaps will
set some of the people at liberty to go to meet-
ing, who are engaged in getting hay, and who
would not leave it to go to meeting if it was
fair — so little do many esteem a preparation
for eternity, and so much are they attached
to the things of time, that religious concerns
must give way to worldly concerns! A con-
siderable number collected, and some time
after one stood up and spoke for some time;
and before long, again ; and in a short time, a
third communication ; and it tended,! thought,
verjr much to unsettle the minds of the peo-
ple. After awhile I stood up and said, I see
not how I shall feel excused without observ-
ing that I have travelled in twelve or thirteen
of the United States, and had many meetings
in each of them, antl never was so much in-
terrupted before. I think I never felt a greater
necessity for people to be on their guard. !os.
they should be deceived with fair pretension
or fallacious appearances. At first I felt sora
embarrasment, but I soon felt emboldenec
and, [after discouraging formal prayers an
other religious performances], showed iha
true religion consisted in obeying the Divin
commands. Without obeying the Divine rt
quirings, no acceptance is to be expected ; Y
are my friends if ye do whatsoever I cost
mand you ; and, If j'e love me, keep my con;
mandments. I showed that Saul, the firs
anointed king of Israel, was commanded t
go and do a certain thing, and because of dii
obedience was rejected, and was told tha
obedience is better than sacrifice. Jonah wa
disobedient and fled to Tarshish, &c.
This evening, 1 understood that the perso
who disturbed the meeting had said in th
morning before he came, that if no other pei
son said anything in the meeting, ho would.
4th. I feel comfortably eas}', having ei
deavored to do what I found to do, and ar
easy to return to the West of the Kennebecl
river.
5th. At Samuel Taylor's, several Friend
and some others collected. I said, How sha
r come before the Lord and present myse
before the high God. This or something lik
this has been the secret, solemn enquiry (
manj' a sincere mind. We find that the pn
phot said. Wherewith shall I come before th
Lord, and bow myself before the high Go(
Even his mind appears to bo solemnly in
pressed with the greatness ofthe performane^
I believe in the saying of our Lord, tha
Without mo, ye can do nothing. Our E( .
deeraor informed His disciples, that. It is eS|
pedient for you that I go away, for if I go nf ■
awaj^, the Comforter will not come, but I wi
praj' the Father, and He will send youanothi
Comforter, even the Sjjirit of Truth, whoi
the world cannot receive, and He sball guit
you into all truth ; and afterward, Lo, I ai
with you always to the end ofthe world, t
we are to expect Divine help to do the Divir
will. Again, The branch cannot bear fruit i
itself, no more can ye, except ye abide in m
[ am the vine, ye are the branches, &c.
I felt engaged to impress the necessity >
heart-felt religion, and not to trust to imput
tive righteousness without faithful obedieni :
to manifested duty. How ditficult it is to pe ■
suado people out of a belief that is so calc
lateil to lull thera into socuritj-, supposing th:
they may and must continue in sin daily, ar
that the righteousness of Christ will bo ir
parted to thera, and make them fit for Heave j
and they going on daih' doing that whic ,
thej' know to be wrong, and then think
have it patched up with imputative righteoi
ncKS. ,
6 th. We lodged lastnightat Stephen Wing
at Sidney, and attended the meeting. I w;
led into close labor for a considerable tim
and afterwards to treat of giving way to o;
deliglit and inclination, and then another,
such as are known to be wrong and desirab
to gratify the mind ; warning them that tl
onemy was near watching to beguile, deceiv
entice and draw away, after the delights
sense and sensual things, and to deprive of s
enjoyment of good, and engage the attcntic
to somo earthly delight or "thing more natu
ally calctilated to amute and keep tho mii
drawn alter tho visible delights of time.
Tho work of tho enemy of all good to Ic;
into jH'ide or highmindedness ■was also refe
THE FRIEND.
18^
ed to. This spirit must bo brought down
ooiier or later, for every tiling that is lifted
p must be laid low, that the Lord alone maj-
e ixalted. Even those who liave been hum-
led and engaged in the cause of religion maj'
e led into this snare, but it will be to their
art, whether it is shown, 'in the little tip-
iugs and equippings of the body, or in re-
t;ii'us mutters.'
Ill the afternoon we travelled to Fairfield.
i;uiicl I'lirington conducled us to Benjamin
icnverman's. 7th. Attended a meeting hero.
t was largo. I arose and said, I beseech you,
lethren, suffer the Gospel to have free course
iiMiigyou. The Gospel of Christ is the power
■ I ii.id unto salvation to all them that believe.
.\)nong the subjects treated on was that of
iigiiig in meetings for worship, all the con-
ivgation joining in the hymn at the same
me. Suppose they sing, ' Mj- soul i-ejoiceth
1 God my Saviour;' some ma}' not know such
1 attainment, and different states may unite
I the same language without feeling a being
"ought into such a similarity of condition as
) utter it with truth. The art of singing may
3 learned and practised by various persons
ho may join in ritual performances, but what
this good for? It is true that our Saviour
nd His disciples sang an hymn, and Paul and
ilassungin the prison, and Paul recommends
■) sing, making melody in the heart. This,
hen the heart is prepared, will be done, but
18 common practice appears calculated to
lease the car, and gratify the mind, rather
lan to please the Lord or to be a part of ac-
'jptable worship to Him." John Heald thus
includes his remarks on this subject : "We
ay see immoral persons join in singing these
ymns in meetings. I fear formality will or
too much got in, not only in the society I
n a member of, but among many brethren
'other religious societies."
The fears of our worth}' friend on this sub-
ct, have been abundantly verified of latter
me. As a proof of the increase of formality,
id the substitution of mere ceremonial per-
■rmances for that spiritual adoration which
one is acceptable to God, wo need only to
ifer to the introduction in an increasing do-
:'ei> into places of public worship of hired
Uhieians. These are sometimes persons of
use morals, or at least make little if any pro-
ssirm of religion ; and, on such occasions,
ng hymns on the most solemn subjects, with
le same motive that induces them to lend
leir abilities to the immoral or questionable
erformances of the theatre or opera ; i. e., to
otain a livelihood. Who can suppose that
I'ligion i.s promoted or the Divine Being
'oDored by such lip-service?
It is much to be regretted that any members
' the Society of Friends should so far lose
ght of the nature of that Divine worship,
hich our Saviour declared to be "in spirit
:d in truth," as to substitute in our public
eetiugs any ritualistic performance, whether
iading the scriptures, singing hymns, or
'rmal prayers, for that inward silence and
tostrationof soul beforeour Heavenly Father,
I which He is often pleased to spread over
|ie mind a sense of His presence, and to
Irengthen its desires after purity and holi-
iJSs ; and, as seems good to Him, to qualify
!is dependent children for more public scr
jces in His cause. Such practices are evi
:inces of a departure from our principles,
hich may gradually lead those who practise
lem entirely away from our fold, though it
is very possible for persons to advocate or
enter into them without clearly seeing either
the cause or the result.
" 9th. Attended a small meeting at Athens,
and nearly silent. I stated my belief that no
mere natural man couki preach the gospel
without Divine assistance. We got dinner,
took leave and set off, but I soon found 1 was
not clear. I apprehended one of our con-
ductors had sat in my way, i. c, ho had an
exercise of mind to discharge in the meeting
which he withheld. When I spake with him
about it, he owned it. We however concluded
to go to Daniel Bradbury's, three or four miles
from where wo were at meeting to-day, and
here we concluded to have a meeting at the
10th hour in the morning. When the meet-
ing collected it was larger than the day before,
and I had opportunity to clear myself, and
several were tendered."
(To bo contiaaed.)
For "The Friend."
Education for Friends.
Very soon after Wm. Penn and the Friends
who accompanied him, established themselves
in Philadelphia, the education of the youth
claimed their attention; and ever since his
time it has been a very prominent subject.
The objects of the education have always been
twofold : Ist, that young people might receive
such intellectual knowledge and discipline as
would fit them to bo useful and influential
members of society; and 2dly, that they
might be so placed as to be guarded from im-
moral influences, and strengthened to pursue
the path of duty. The latter has always been
held by Friends to bo the more important.
The evils of mixed schools, the lack of reli-
gious feeling, the temptations to immorality
and infidelity, tho exclusive devotion to intel-
lectual pursuits, have been so painfully evi-
dent in so many corrupted men, that the pro-
tection given to Friends' children in these
respects, has been rightly judged to be of
primaiy importance. But intellectual train-
ing has not been neglected, and within the
limits of Philadelphia Yearly Meeting, the
schools of Friends wore for a long time the
most liberal and comprehensive, as well as
thorough schools of the district. And the
Society enjoyed the reputation of being com-
paratively a well educated class.
In this 19th century, education, as well as
other sciences, has felt the moulding and pro-
gressive spirit of the age. The good schools
of fifty years ago, could not command tho con-
fidence and patronage of this generation.
Moral means, rather than physical, are re-
sorted to, to maintain discipline; a greater
amount of education and training and better
immediate preparation, are required of the
teacher, and, to allow for this, the hours which
ho devotes to hearing recitations are much
diminished; new subjects, as the thought and
work of investigators bring them into promi-
nence, have been introduced in the courses of
study; the methods of impartiog knowledge,
and the whole system of instruction, have
undergone radical changes; improved school
furniture and means of illustration have been
invented and applied ; order and quiet have
been established in the necessary movements
of the pupils about the house; and every.
thing is 80 arranged that tho undivided atten-
tion of pupil and teacher can be kept upon
the subject of receiving and imparting instruc-
tion. The result of this is, that boys and girls
are enabled to make tho best of the often
limited time allotted them at school, and that
they leave with an amount of mental develop-
ment and knowledge which often surprises
the parent.
Have tho schools of this Yearly Meeting
ke])t ]jaco with those improvements? Are
they productive of all tho good of which they
are capable? Do wo ask our members, for
the sake of their religious and moral tone, to
forego some of the advantages in a literary
and scientific point of view, which other in-
stitutions hold out ? If we do, surely -wo are
offering a premium on our young people's
placing themselves beyond tho good influences
of our schools.
There are those among us whoso talents,
inclinations and pecuniary resources lead them
to seek a first-class education, and with the
strong confidence of youth in their ability to
resist temptation, they sock for the glittering
prize where they know it niay be found. The
moral and religious influences of tho seminary
whither they go, will impress their stamp
upon them, and the who*o of their future lives
will be moulded for better or for worse. We
cannot estimate how many departures from
our discipline, are the result of the seed sown
in unfriendly schools, nor can we tell how
many valuable Friends, our own schools have
been instrumental in saving to the Society.
But a great number of our members do not
seek beyond the Yearly Meeting schools for
instruction. Many have not the means to
devote more than a very few years to study,
before tho necessities of life call them to labor
for their daily bread. Have we not this duty
to perform to these, that wo jiermit them to
gain every possible advantage from their
limited stay? That their energies be rightly
directed, their instructors more abundantly
competent, all the instruments of instruction
and mental improvement be placed within
thoir reach, while at the same time we watch
over their daily lives for good ?
Many reforms have been introduced into our
schools. Any member can obtain at tho pre-
sent time, in the only Institution over which
the Yearly Meeting has charge, a thorough
and comprehensive education. Changes are
being continually made, to adapt it to the
altering requirements of tho age. Yet it may
be doubted whether it holds tho relative rank
among educational institutions it did fifty
years ago.
The experience of other schools, of the same
grade and character as Wosttown, with regard
to tho changes which agitato tho educational
world, ought to be listened to. Many of these
changes have been pronounced, more or less
decidedly, to be reforms. Among these may
bo mentioned the grading of the school, so as
to apportion to each stage of advancement,
regular and suitable studies, with increasing
liberties as the student shows himself worthy
of them ; the restricted mingling of tho pupils
of both sexes, at meal times and during reci-
tations; tho shortening of the time required
of teachers to hear recitations, so as to admit
of a more thorough preparation, and a better
opportunity of keeping versed in the advanc-
ing knowledge of the age ; tho requirement,
on tho part of tho teachers, of thorough know-
ledge, that they may teach subjects rather
than text books; and tho establishment over
the schools of an educated progressive Friend
as Principal, to secure unanimity of action, to
188
THE FRIEND.
see that teachers perform their full duties,
and to inaugurate and curry through reform.
H.
Sir David Brewster.
(Conclcded from page 181.)
"On Saturday morning those of his family
■who were within call were telegraphed for,
and Colonel and 3Irs. Brewster Macphcrson
arrived in the evening. Owing to the tele-
gram being just too late for us to take the first
train from Clifton, and the scarcity of trains
on Sunday, ray husband and I did not arrive
till Sunday evening, some hours later than we
■were expected. It was touching to find the
craving of his heart for us, which he had been
expressing through the day, fearing that we
should be too late. ' Oh, how I have wearied
for you!' were his simple words, and then he
seemed perfectly satisfied. His kind and much
appreciated friend. Sir James Simpson, arrived
with us; he found him pulseless, but the ex-
citement of the arrivals seemed to give him
new energy, and a perceptible pulse returned.
It was, indeed, something remarkable, and
never to be Ibrgotten, to hear the conversa-
tion between those vwo eminent men. Some-
thing was said of a hope that he might yet
rally. ' Why, Sir James, should j'ou hope
that?' he said, with much animation. 'The
machine has worked for above eighty years,
and it is worn out. Life has been very bright
to me, and now there is the brightness be-
yond!' Sir James Simpson then asked if he
wished any one in particular to take charge
of his scientific f)aper8; he answered, 'No ; I
have done what every scientific man should
do, viz., published almost all my observations
of any value, just as they have occurred.'
And then came a fluent stream of well chosen
words from the dying philosopher, describing
a scientific phenomenon connected with ont^
of his favorite researches, which made one
breathless with astonishment to listen to. Not
a mistake, not a confused word was there,
except once, when Sir James gently substi-
tuted the word ' white' for ' black.' Although
already before the public, the following ac-
count is so much better than mine could be
that I quote it : —
" 'Ho then explained that he had left one
paper on Film forms for the Society, and
went on to express an earnest regret that be
had not had time to write for the Society an-
other, descriptive of the optical phenomena
which he had latterly observed in his own
field of vision, where there was a partial degree
of increasing amaurosis, which, he thought,
might bo yet found a common form of failure
in the eyes of men, ageing and aged like him-
self. He described the appearance of this
partial amaurosis minutely and energetically,
telling me, for j'our information, that the print
of the Times newspaper had begun for a year
or two past to look at one part in his field of
vision as if the white interstices between the
letters " were lightly peppered over with
minute dark powder;" and this amaurotic
point was, he observed, latterly extending
like the fuint extending circle around a recent
ink spot on blotting-paper.'
"Hearing all this, and watching the play
of the expressive countenance, it was almost
impossible to believe that death was or could
be at hand; and that night more than one
heart hoped against hope. The disappoint-
ment, though felt to bo unreasonable, was pro-
jiortionally great when, the pext moj'iaing,
before leaving Allerly, Sir James Simp.son
pronounced that my father could not live over
the day. Monday the 10th of February wai?
a day of suft'ering from weakness, breathless-
ness, and that constant desire of change ol
position, the varied discomforts of which so
often form the principal suft'ering of a death-
bed. Pain there was little of, except occa-
sional spasms through the chest, significant, 1
suppose, of the heart disease, which, although
not that of which he died, was complicated
with the pneumonia and bronchitis, which
proved the actual messengers of death ; once
iainily complaining of one of these shoots of
pain, we did not catch his words, and it was
with the energy of old thai he raised his head
with a glance of amusement, spelling distinct-
ly, 'p-a-i-n.' Upon another occasion a play
upon the word he used, and a bright cheer-
ful smile reminded us of the old social jest
and laughter. All fear had passed for ever.
Throughout the day he longed for the moment
of dismissal. 'When will it come?' — 'Oh.
how long it is of coming,' ho said several
times ; and once ho said, ' What hard work it
is to " put oft" this mortal coil 1" ' For a few
hours he was very languid, but listened with
iotentness to every passage of Scripture re-
peated to him, and if he did not catch overj-
word he asked for it again."
"He was very thoughtful of his loving
watchers, fearing over-fatigue for them, and
saying once, with such touching sweetness,
referring to this fear, and the trouble he
thought he gave, ' Oh, how sorr^' I am for j'ou
all !' and when assured that it was the greatest
happiness to be near him, his uneasiness
ceased, and there was but the tender pressure
of the hand, — the long earnest gaze, — the
meekness with which, to please those who
loved him, he continued the difficult task of
taking nourishment. He was always pecu-
liarly reverential and guarded in his way of
speaking of Deity, habitually using the words
' God,' ' the Lord Jesus Christ,' ' Our Saviour;'
but on his deathbed, the sense of the nearness,
and the love of the Lord Jesus, at once his God.
his Saviour, and his Righteousness, overcame
the habits of reserve of a lifetime. Once when
a sense of difficulty seemed to cross his spirit,
he said, 'Jesus will take me safe through,'
with restored confidence. Another time, the
seldom-spoken words came to my lips, atid I
said, -You will see C/uviie!' and then gather-
ing himself up after a pause, he answered, as
if in gentle rebuke, ' I shall see Jesus, who
created all things ; Jesus, who made the worlds;
1 shall see Him as He is ;' and he repeated,
with that pathetic return to his native Scotch,
which was not uncommon with him when
greatly interested, ' I shall see Jesus, and that
will be "grand,"' with an ineff"ably happy,
cheerful look. ' You will understand every-
thing then,' it was said. 'Oh yes,' was the
answer, which seemed to come from a very
fulness of content. ' [ wish all learned men
had your simple faith,' it was said at another
time; and again there was the pause and the
gathering up, and the words dropped out,
each with it8*own weight of feeling and of
meaning, 'Yes; I have had the Light for
many years, and oh I how bright it is! 1 feel
so safe, so satisfied.'
" There came a few moments when his pulse
was more perceptible, there seemed a shade
less of exhaustion, and it almost seemed as if
he might partially rally; but even as this
whisper passed between two of the watchers
the sudden change came — the fixed gaze — ih
rigidity of the once mobile face — the glaz
over the soft blue ej'es — the silver cord wa
oosed, the golden bowl was broken, and thljj
■spirit fled back rejoicing to Him who gave,'
nstructed, and redeemed it."
A Forgottm Emperor.
Ferdinand, eldest son of Francis First, em
peror of Austria, ruled over that empir
from 1834: to 1848, when he abdicated in favo
of his nephew, Francis Joseph, the presen
emperor. Ferdinand Second the ex-emperoi
was born at Vienna in 1793, and since hii
abdication has lived in great obscurity. W(
find the following notice of him in one of ou:
city papers.
"He who passes through the upper street
of Prague, the beautiful capital of Bohemia
about noon on fine days, will be certain ti
meet in the neighborhood of the Hradschii
an old, slender man, dressed in a very ordi
nary suit of black, and walking in a painful ■
shuifling manner, and leaning every now anr
then on his cane to take breath. Many o t
those whom be meets stand still and lool j
after the old man with a curious air. The beg '
gars run toward him as soon as they catcl i
sight of hinij to whom he gives a few piece ,
of silver. j
No one who looks at this singular figure j
who resembles more a subordinate govern i
meet functionary on half pay than one wh(i j
has moved in the upper spheres of society
will suspect for a moment that the old mat
once played a conspicuous part in the histor
of the old world. And jH't ho is not only
prince " born in the purple," but for man;
j'ears wore one of the proudest crowns in thj
old world.
This aged habitue of the promenade, nea
the Hradschin of Prague, is no other thai
the ex-Emperor Ferdinand of Austria, wh
occupied the throne of the Hapsburgs durinj
that eventful period (1834-1848) when thei
power was at the highest and the lowest ebl
When he ascended the throne, after the deati
of Francis II., the influence of Austria, unde
the guidance of the cunning Metternich, wa
paramount in Europe. The policy of AuE
tria at that time toward its foreign provincei
was pitiless. The Italians, especial!}', wer
treated with remorseless crueltj'. Poor Feii
dinand, whose mentul fueulties never wer
the brightest, was kept bj" his designing an
imperious chancellor in entire ignorance o!
the atrocities which were comcuitted in hi i
name. Metternich troubled the poor man a
little as possible with State affairs. He ai ,
lowed him to enjoy himself in his workshoi J
as a cabinet-maker, where he probably passetj
the happiest hours of his life. Ho was ale'
averse to appearing in public, and his pai
ticipation, in uniform, in military reviews wa
painful to behold. Yet he was an amiable
kind hearted man. Whenever a woman i
distress, praj'ing for some favor, succeeded i
penetrating to him, he not only immediatel;
granted her petition, but was moved to tear
by her fervent gratitude. Whatever his ej
penses left him of his civil list he spent i
charities. "When he drove out in the Prate
his carriage was constantly surrounded b;
clamorous beggars, and he would not alio?
his attendants to drive them away.
Had he been a sterner man he would haV'
certainly forfeited his life at the breaking ou
of the revolution of March, 1848; but the in
THE FRIEND.
189
jriated populace of Vienna treated the poor
Imperor with respeet, and laid all the in-
iimios committed during his reign upon the
Idoulders of ]\Icttcrnich.
After the expulsion of the latter, poor Fer-
jinand II found a worse oppressor in hi8im-
erious sister-in-law, the Archduchess Sophia,
'ho constantlj- urged him to sanction her
espotie measures. The Emperor steadily
lefused, but often said he would only be too
ilad to get rid of the cares of government.
At length when his strength was exhausted,
.e threw down his crown and retired to
'rawue, where he has since lived in obscurity.
[e never goes to public entertaiuments, and
arelj' leaves the Hradschin, except to take a
irief walic. His family pays no attention to
'im whatever. His only companions, are
Wo old servants, who have been with him
rem his youth. All the pleasure he hascon-
,.8t8 in making ingenious toys in his cabinet-
iiaking shop. He has an undoubted talent
1 that direction.
He never reads newspapers, and hardly
>7er opens a book. Few visitors call upon
'im except t^ome priests, who converse with
im upon religious matters. He dislikes to
ave his reign alluded to, and, whenever it is
■lentioned, immediately changes the subject.
His taste is simpler than that of his ser-
lants. He never drinks wine, and has never
sed tobacco in his life. His bedroom looks
ike a chapel. There are four large crucifixes
1 it. Such is the evening of the life of this
lodern Diocletian. — Exchange.
For "The Friend."
William Sewei and the Old Paths.
■ A more valuable contribution to the his-
orical literature of our religious Society, has
,;ldom if ever appeared, than is to be found
■1 the writings of this interesting author;
'•ho was a birth-right member, and attached
ly conviction to the principles and testimo-
ies of Friends. A contemporaneous and close
bserver of most of the important events
hich transpired during the first fifty years
f our existence ; and being personally ac-
uainted with George Fox and many of his
o-laborers ; residing somewhat apart from
>e active scene of doctrinal controver.ty,
Holland being his home and native place, he
■as fitted above man}- others to prepare an
npartial record of those memorable times,
1 which the Gospel Light, which had burned
lebly for many generations, was fanned into
I warm, vigorous life, by the preaching and
are example of many, who were among the
rst and early laborers in gathering Friends
■ito an associated, religious body. His his-
-)ry of " The rise, increase, and progress" of
le people called Quakers, covers a very im-
■ortant period — our early life as a people, and
'leir struggle in support of religious tolera-
'on, and liberty of conscience. The remarka-
le outpouring of the Spirit upon the hearts
f manj' in that day, who first embraced the
ruth, and revived in the midst of a corrupt
jurch and nation the spirituality of the gos-
d\ of Christ, and its power to change and
arify the hearts of men, should deeply in-
irest us, who are their successors, and reap-
ig the out-growth of their suti'ering and
,bor. I would that a copy of this excellent
ork were in the possession of each member
nong us, old though it may be, but rich in
:>e inward experiences, and wonderful deal-
igs of the Lord to a highly favored branch
of His church, that a people might be raised up,
and qualified to exhibit in their lives a hirgi^
measure of the beauty and brightness that
attended the Christian church in its infancy.
A library, such as a Friend would be likely
to gather around him, would indeed be in-
complete without it, and yet it is to be feared
there are many among us who permit such
works, if they po.ssess them at all, to lie un-
used upon their shelves. How often do we
see these valuable records of the personal ex-
perience and ])ublic labor of the Lord's dedi-
cated ciiildren neglected, and in their place,
the current journals and periodicals of the
day, and works of doubtful religious aullioritj'
substituted. If all classes, and espeeially the
younger of our members, could be brouglil to
feel a more lively interest, m the early growtli
of our own Society, and thus come to exalt
the S])irit of self sacrifice, and unswerving
dedication to the Truth, as the Most High by
his power revealed it in the hearts of man}-,
who in that period of darkness, and supersti-
tion, and church bigotry were called and
strengthened through suffering to hold fast
their profession, the future of our beloved So-
ciety would look more hopeful. Their in-
ward conflicts and deep bajjtisms, added to
the cruel persecutions they often underwent,
were frequently blessed by the incomes ol'
the Father's love, and the fresh extension of
His grace and qualifying presence; which
are abundantly set forth in the various bio-
graphies that have been prepared and pub-
lished from time to time; and it has often
been a matter of surprise, and certainly it is
cause of deep mourning, that a more wide-
spread appreciation of the many valuable les-
sons contained therein, of instruction and
warning, is not more known in our midst.
The plain, self denying path, without os-
tentation, and without hypocrisy, and in
which our predecessors were so largely
blessed, wherein there was no room for self-
righteousness, is hard to be borne by the un-
subjected will of the creature; and iscijually
averse to the spirit of broad toleration, whieh
has obtained such a hold in many parts of
our Societ}-, that not a few, it is to be feared,
of the present generation, are being carried
back into a religion, though it may he more
specious, and liberal, is as formal and super-
ficial as that out of which our predecessors
were led.
" Pure religion, and undefiled before God
and the Father, is this, to visit the fatherless
and widows in their afHiction, and to keep
himself unspotted from the world." There
are few comparatively who attain in their
daily exjierience, to this lofty standard of
purity of heart as expressed by one of the
apostles, exemplifying the practical and spirit-
ual nature of all true religion ; that whieh
enlightens the conscience, reaches the heart,
and convicts of sin ; and as it is submitted to
takes the government of our lives into its
own keeping. Under its peaceable rule and
authority the world is kept subordinate ; new
desires and new motives are awakened; and
our highest concern will be, to be found among
His willing and obedient children, and filling
up our allotment of suffering and labor, what-
soever it may be.
We should then be equallj' careful not to
exceed the limits of dutj', nor to fall behind ;
lest the former should lead into confusion
and spiritual darkness, while in the latter
state, 80 long as the eye is kept toward the
Fountain of Life, springing as it would from
a condition of mind opposite to forwardness,
there is safely.
A very limited acquaintance with the do-
mestic and religious life of the early Friends,
will show them to have been very tender and
careful in this respect. How earnestly did
they seek to know the pointings of Truth,
and when its discoveriis were clearly known,
to walk therein, through heights and through
de])lhs, through seofling and cruel beatings,
through scorn and cursing from priests and
those in authority; and finally the\- jjro-
claimed to all succeeding generations their
invincible love toward the King of kings
and Lord of lords, and willingly suffered
ini])risonment, and the loss of their estates;
some being delivered to the hangniau ; and
many more from disease and torture in dun-
geons and filthy cells, were added to that il-
lustrious line of men and w-omcn who have
given up their lives rather than deny the
Lord who bought them. How they entered
into each other's trials, and how active in
sympathy were they toward all who were
seeking after a more spiritual way! They
taught the apostolic doctrine " Christ within
the hope of glory," teaching His ehurch and
individual followers immediately, through
the gift of the Holy Sjjirit. How careful
were they not to transcend the bounds of the
precious liberty thus unfolded. They were
truly among the world's best reformers, and
j-et they were a people hated and despised,
because they brought the axe to the root of
the corrupt tree, knowing that the world
was dead in trespasses and sins. Instru-
mentally they were the means of correcting
many abuses, so that we have in this day a
more tolerant public spirit; the superstition
and bigotrj- of those times have greatly les-
sened, and there is with us no church estab-
lishment receiving special privileges; and in
England it is marked by greater moderation.
But while we have grown in our knowledge
of human life, and the best means of securing
social order, and under a more widely dif-
fused system of education greater liberality
prevails, have the people grown in that
knowledge which is saving? The religious
toleration and liberality, as applied to relig-
ous worship obtained tbr(jugh suffering, pur-
chased for us a precious liberty indeed, and
the professing Christian church ; and we es-
pecially who are members of the Society of
Friends, cannot value it too highly; and yet
with all our privileges, and the abundant
blessings poured out upon us, do we not re-
alize that outward prosperity is not the soil
to nourish best the seed of the Kingdom ; and
the very liberality which is so commendable
as applied to liberty of conscience, is per-
verted and misapplied in the use of the mani-
fold )M-ivilcges and blessings we enjoy. We
partake largelj' of the free bounty of Heaven,
but how few are stewards of the abundant
grace and means thus dispensed. We find
all, with few exceptions, running out into
many abuses, from which our own Society
cannot plead separation. The love of the
world has become paramount in very many,
as shown in the gratification of the "lusts of
the flesh, the lusts of the ej-c, and the pride of
life." Luxurious living, extending into wan-
ton waste, and an extravagance that reaches
to licentiousness, not only in private living,
but in the more ))ublic uses of the means
with which a kind Pi-ovidence halh blessed
190
THE FBIEND.
us. In dress, a vanity is often displaj-od that
knows no bounds. In the building, furnish-
ing, and adornment of very many of the
churches so called, of the present day, ma}'
be seen a representative type of the folly
and pride, and the ostentatious display of a
ceremonial and formal age ; whereto the peo-
ple are exhorted to come as to a "consecrated
Temple" to commune with God; whereas
" He doth not dwell in temples made with
hands; His is the temple of the heart;" and
it is there He doth instruct all his obedient
children. It is not only becoming, but highl}-
important that we should be fiiithfiil in as-
sembling ourselves for worship "as the man-
ner of some is ;" but if in order to gather the
people, it is necessary that their offerings of
worship should be accompanied with pomp,
and theglitterand gold of elaborately wrought
buildings and furniture, is it not clear such
will be likel}'' to come far short of the object
i'or which they assemble, substituting for the
solemn reverential worship of the Father of
spirits, a superstitious awe for the building,
thus richlj' adorned, and pronounced a "holy
place" by the coremDiiy of "consecration."
Would it not be more in accordance with the
inward, spiritual nature of Divine worship,
and the meek and lowly character of the Re-
deemer ; who wore a seamless garment, and
presented in His whole life the highest type
of simplicity, that a building erected for a
purpose such as this should be as plain as
may he consistent with comfort. The way
which He set up is a narrow way, the way
of the cross ; but in conduct this is practieullj-
denied by the vast body of professing Chris-
tians, and found too contracted for the liber-
ality now demanded. Is not the human heart
by nature the same as in former ages ; in a
state of alienation ; and though Ho doth em-
ploy various instrumentalities to produce con-
viction and amendment of life, do these not
all lead to the same thing, into watchfulness
and great circumspection, into the paths of
self denial ; which is a way wherein the grati-
fication of the carnal a])petites, the lusts of
the eye, and the pride, and love of sensual
things, cannot enter.
"If a man love me, ho will keep my words,
and my Father will love him, and we will
como unto him and make our abode with
him ;" is no less a truth now than when spoken
by the Friend of sinners; and I think every
thoughtful mind, in glancing over the exist-
ing condition of the progressing church, must
be Bolemulj' impressed with the great want
of conformity thereto in life and practice.
Then would it not be wise if all our members
would cling to the "old paths." Whence
comes the flood of temptation which is sweep-
ing over our beloved Society, carrying many
of all ages and conditions into the current of
popular usage in dress, in manners, in lan-
guage, and into a wide and willing conformity
to the world ; and, as one inroad makes way
for another, as one temptation yielded to,
opens the door wider for the next, into a gen-
eral laxity, if not renunciation of much that
distinguishes the Christian warfare as a spirit-
ual work, should not the cry be raised, "to your
tents, O Israel." May we, as a people, never
lose sight of that Divine Spirit, that illu-
rainated so remarkably the earlj' days of our
Society ; and by kce])it]g, according to our
measures, under its authority, be permitted
to feel its invigorating life and virtue. Then
Uo I believe we should be drawn together
into a closer bond of unity, we should be more
one another's helpers; the young would be
drawn nearer to the old and middle aged, and
these iu turn would be brought into greater
nearness and sympathy with the younger
members; and all would be strengthened to
hold fast our profession, keeping our stature
full and entire, in the face of the world, as in
a former day. And if this wei'e the case we
should possess a growing interest, in the bio-
graphy of our own Society, social and religi-
ous ; its literature, and works of a kindred
kind would be more often sought ; our pri-
vate libraries would contain them, and in our
families they would be more often read.
Hence a love would be strengthened and
cherished for such compositions; and as the
mind of the parent might bo clothed with
ability to apply them to every day life, or in
turning the attention of the children to the
excellency of that grace, the good fruits
whereof are abundantly set forth in the lives
treated of, an enlarged vitality and growth
in best things would be realized. May that
day hasten also when it may be said " the
leaders no longer cause the people to err;"
having remembered their early espousals, have
turned their faces from the world.
Then should we come forth in renewed
brightness; not being ashamed to acknow-
ledge and defend all our testimonies and doc-
trines; and the young men and the j-oung
women who ere long must succeed their elder
Fi-iends, and take their places in the church,
would be animated and strengthened, and in
due season would be clothed and qualified
therefor. P. B.
Philadelphia, 1st mo. 1874.
For •' The Friend."
Memoirs and Letters of Sarah Uiliman.
(CoLtinued from page 180.)
To her Mother and Sisteis.
"Old Springfield, N. Jersey, 3d mo. 2.5th, 1830.
My dear Mother and Sisters, — I sit down
to inform that we are creeping along through
Jersey in a wmter's season ; in which no sing-
ing of birds is heard, neither the voice of the
turtle, although at a few times, through ador-
able mercy, the blessed Head of the church
has been pleased to cause the gospel trumpet
to be sounded by our beloved Friends, to
whom mj' spirit is united in the covenant of
life ; tht)ugh I oft have to lament that, through
my unfaithfulness, my ability to enter into
feeling with dear Ann Jones is so small. Yet,
I consider it a privilege to have been permit-
ted for a little season to be made as an armor-
bearer for her in the cause of my dear Re-
deemer, whom I have been endeavoring to
serve, and whom I believe I love above all.
Ah ! my dear mother, thou knowest that deep
have been the conflicts of my poor mind for
many years ; and often have I thought that
this visit would tend to strengthen my faith,
and be a means of helping to bring forth that
birth, which has caused so much pain to my
spirit.* It may not be out of place here to
tell thee, that attending little meetings held
in school-houses with the little remnants,
whose love to their Lord and Saviour who
died for us, induced them to obey the injunc-
tion of the apostle, 'Come out from among
them and be ye separate,' because light can
* This, as we have seen, proved to be the case. She
first opening lier mouth iu the ministry, as before stated,
at Westfield, N. J., while out on this viait.
have no fellowship with darkness ; and becaus
such dare not join hands with those who hav
denied the Lord Jesus, has caused feelings (
gratitude to arise that we have been preserve
from this snare."
During this visit they attended moetingt
as stated in the current letter, at Burlingtur
Mount Holly, Eancocas, Upper Mansfiek
Old Springfield, Springfield, Westfield, an
Moorestown. And visited their friends a
.lohn Cox's, Stephen Grellett's. Susan Smith';
Samuel Etiilen's, W. Allison's, E. Pike's, Ann
King's, and P. Ellis's ; where, she writes, " w
met with some dear young people." At OL
Springfield, S. H. records, that Ann Jone
was silent; adding, "The streams dried up a
it were ; and the language of the Spirit, ' J he;
have taken away my Lord, and I know no
where they have laid him.' Thej' went hom(
from herewith H. Newbold; and next daj
were at a small meeting at Springfield, hcli
in a school-house ; " where dear Ann Jone
spoke very sweetly ; and my heart was ten
derly attracted towards those present. Where
upon A. J. said, 'Sarah, I think thou oughtes
to have told them so.'" From here, soon aftei
they went to Henry Warrington's; which i
the last place mentioned in this letter.
Soino may be ready to question the utility
of such minute, though abridged records, o
meetings and Friends! But it is not sot'
the mind of the compiler. How many remin
iscenees of thought and feeling, and of kind
ness too received, are stirred up at the niime
and recollections of those Friends — and fillin;
as they did more or less conspicuous station
in the church — who have now all or nearl;
all passed from, the homes of earth ! Dea
reader, are we — art thou — in the Lord's hou
of grace and mercy to thee, faithful in thj
occupency of the gifts, and parts, and oppoii
tunities committed in serving thy generatioij
as some of them did, according to the wil,
and to the honor of the great Head of th|
Church ? Haye the worthj' mantles of thos
been taken up by their successors; and, witi
the authority they had in the Truth, huv
these with power proclaimed as Elisha die
"Where is the Lord God of Elijah ?" Orhav
we, through submission and obedience to th
Lord Jesus, and His still small voice in th
secret of the heart, so been faithful in the da;
of small things, as through His increase, t
have become rulers over more? May we eac
one see to it. that our talents have not beer
neither are, buried in the earth, nor laid u
in anapkin; that our light of living, practica
godliness — the opportunity of glorifying Hit
on earth, whose praises we hope to sing lb
ever and ever in heaven — be not hid undo
the bed of worldly ease, nor neath the busht
of earthly gain, but, through daily watchfu
ness unto praj-er, bo so set upon the candlt
stick that all may see the light. This, how
ever high seems the standard, is what wo ar
called to, after the precept of the Saviour
•'Let your light so shine before men, tha
they maj^ see your good works, and glorii;
your Father which is in heaven."
"Fourth mo. 9th, 1S30. The commence
mcnt of our Annual Assembly! which wa
favored at the opening with the covering o
Divine goodness and mercy ; under the feeliu;
of which dear Ann Jones bent in supplication
in which oflTering my poor spirit siucerel;
joined. From silting to sitting, thus far, w
have been made sensible of the oxtendings o
Heavenly Love, and the outstretched arm o
THE FRIEND.
191
aei'cy unto us; notwithstanding from tho
ays of our fathers we have gone awa}- from
he Lord's ordinances, and have not kept
hem. So that His hmgiiage to us is, 'Keturn
uti) rae, and I will return unto you, saith the
>oiil of hosts.' Oh! I believe ilo designs to
less us, and to make tho place of His feet
hnions. Praises bo unto His hoi}- name,
hnmgh His well-beloved and truly begotten
on the Lord Jesus Christ, forever and for-
rermore. Oh! may we ever remember to
ust in Iliyn ia whom our fathers tru'sted, and
Ic did deliver them. Even so will He make
M iiy for His own seed in tho present day,
ot onl}' through tho wilderness and sea, but
iniiigli all perils, us we cleave close unto
[ira, and simply depend on His putting forth,
^rreably to His own blessed testimon}', 'My
lecp hear my voice, and 1 know them, and
ley follow me : and I give unto them eternal
fo ; and the}- shall never perish, neither shall
ay man pluck them out of my hand.' "
(To be continued.)
THE FRIEND.
FIRST MONTH 31. 1874.
The Discipline of Philadelphia Yearly Meet-
ig, contains the tollowing Christian counsel
) its members ; which, we think, commends
self to the careful attention of every one
ho is truly concerned for their own spiritual
elfare, and that of their olfspring.
' " We tenderly and earnestly adviso and ex-
irt all parents and heads of families, that
ley endeavor to instruct their children and
imilics, in the doctrines and precejits of the
hristian religion, as contained in the Serip-
ires ; and that they incite them to the
ligent reading of those excellent writings;
bich plainly set forth the miraculous eon-
option, birth, holy life, wonderful works,
essed example, meritorious death, and glo-
aus resurrection, ascension and mediation of
irLord and Saviour Jesus Christ; and to
lucate their children in the belief of those
iportant truths ; as well as in the belief of
e inward manifestation and operation of
e Holy Spirit on their minds; that they
ay reap the benelit and advantage thereof,
r their own peace and everlasting happi-
■ss : which is infinitely preferable to all
her considerations."
Every Christian parent or head of a family
ust feel anxiously concerned, that in the re-
onsible position of a delegated Shepherd
' the lambs, he or she may be enabled to
:'ake right use of all the helps at their com-
and to promote tho introduction and fur-
erance of those entrusted to their care in
e wa}- of life and salvation. It is therefore
' great importance that parents be rightly
'gaged to train their children in a knowledge
I tho sacred truths contained in the Scrip-
'res, in the habit of regarding them with duo
i.'erence, and in giving careful heed to the
eeepts, commands and doctrines they in-
ilcate. It is one of the daily duties which
) rents and guardians should delight to per-
l:m, in a spirit and manner calculated to
iipress the serious character of the work in
"lieh they are engaged, and not as a mere
i'm, or a service that requires no self-recol-
Vition or religious qualitication ; otherwise
lay can hardly look for a blessing from Him
who inspired holy men of old to write what
has thus been handed down to us.
Commentaries or explanations of the doc-
trines involved in the text, unless b}' one who
holds conscious communion with H])iriuial re-
alities, and with their invisible Author, and
called for at tho time by Him who indited
them, are more likely to dissipate the serious
feeling that may have been made on tho mind,
than to enlighten the understanding.
It should never be f jrgotten that the Scrip-
tures testify of Christ, and that that testi-
mony is not onl}' of Ilim as He was manifested
in tho flesh, sutt'orod and died for lost man ;
but also as He, by his Spirit, makes himsell
known to tho souls of his rational creation ;
reproving for sin, indicating tho truth and
tho right way, and if obeyed, by his super-
natural influence, proving the resurrection
and the life of the dormant spiritual faculties;
and that it is only by the aid of this Holy
Spirit any can savingly know Him as their
liedeemer and Saviour. The young oughi
therefore to be early imbued with Iheessoniiul
truth that as the Scriptures were written un-
der l)ivine inspiration, the true inlorpretation
and application of the sacred truths they con-
tain can be attained only under the revela-
tion of the same Spirit, and that it is by obedi-
ence to tho manifestations of this Spirit, or
Light of Christ, that their doctrines and tes
timonies will come to be measureably fulfilled
in themselves.
It is thus that the Scriptures are able to
make wise unto salvation, through iaith that
is in Jeshs Christ. But when tliey are at-
tempted to be explored, expounded and ap
plied by the wit and wisdom of man, uncon-
nected with " the inspiration of the Al-
mighty," and uncalled for by Him who alone
can bestow that " inspiration," they are do
graded from the exalted character of a super-
natural revelation, to the same rank as a
work of science or philosophy; to be un-
rav( lied and their hidden mysteries explained
by the rules of literary criticism and the sub-
tilty of logical rea'-oning. "The natural man
receiveth not the things of tho Spirit of God,
for they are foolishness unto him; neither
can he know thorn, because they aro spiritu-
ally discerned," and hence where such at-
tempt to enlighten others by exegesis of
Scripture, it is like the blind leading the blind,
and both fall into tho ditch. After all, there
is nothing more availing)}' commends tho
lessons taught in tho Scriptures to tho ac-
ceptance of children, than where the}- sec
that their jiaronts or care takers, who aro
concerned to have them familiar with their
teachings, rightly prize them themselves, and
that their lives and conversation are consist-
ent with the doctrines they inculcate. Where
this is the case, there will bo not only re-
ligious training, but reliijious parental re-
straint, and such may have a well gr"unded
hope of the declaration being fulfilled, " Train
up a child in tho way ho should go, and wlieu
he is old he will not depart therefrom." But
precept without corresponding example will
avail little. *
Loolcing upon thom in another point of
view, it may truly be said there is no other
reading so fitted to purify tho taste and store
tho mind with a knowledge of the most im-
portant facts in the history of mankind, as
the Scriptures. Independent of their incal-
culable value as a secondary rule of faith and
manners, they are enriched with the noblest!
themes tho mind of man can coniemiilate ;
themes connected M'ith the mutations, the
alHictions, the enjoyments and the sacrifices
incident to humanity ; which though belong-
ing to this terrestrial and temporary scene,
are yet mysteriously linked with thoughts of
man's eternal destiny, and his couuoctiim with
Him who is invisible. They impart ideas of
that wonderful entity wliieli we call life, that
no other work can sup|ily, and conijiel every
ratioiKil believer in their truths to conclude,
that as man was formed in tho imago of God,
he is something more than a mere resident of
this earthly home ; that the three-score years
and ten allotted him, are not the limit of his
existence, but that becoming a living soul by
the breath of his Creator, ho is an heir of im-
mortality.
Whether the spiritual truths are practically
accejited or not, tho diligent reader of the
Holy Scriptures can hardly fail to have tho
conviction pressed upon him, that men in all
ages, whether marked with genius, learning
or rank, or unnoted in the humble walks of
life, have apju-oachcd the ty]io of purity sot
before them, just in jjroporiion as they have
maintained a successful struggle against their
corrupt appetites and propensities ; that this
overcoming has boon through the aid of Him
who required it ; and that it has pleased Him
to train his servants for the duties of life, in
scenes of labor and often through provings of
severe trial; that so the hoi)es held out," and
the promises made, might be realized through
grace alono, and the humbled and contrite
spirit learn that its fittest ornaments are ob-
tained through tho habitual discipline of Di-
vine Grace. Yet it is shown with e((ual clear-
ness, that time has always demonstrated tho
aflliclions, whether physical or spiritual, which
have marked the good man's course, have
proved to be dispensations of Love, meted out
that he might learn to endure, as seeing Him
who is invisible.
We hope our readers may individually
prove for themselves the excellency, in every
respect, of becoming familiar with the Holy
Scriptures.
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
FoREiON. — The m;irri.'it;e of the Duke of Edinburg
and the daughter of the Emperor of Rij?sia, took place
in St. Petersburg, on llie 'S.i'l inst., with imposing cere-
monies. The city w.is illiimhiated in the evening.
A London dispatch of the 24th .says; Parliament ia
dissolved by royal decree. Premier (jladstone had
issued an address to his constituents at Greenwich, ask-
ing for re-election, and announcing thai the Queen had
been pleased to acce|it advice of lier Ministers to dis-
solve the present Parliament immeiiiately, and summon
a new one to meet on the oth of March, 1874.
In his address Glailstone gives as the reason for this
measure that since the defeat of the government upon
the Irish higher education qneslion by the eltortsof the
leader of the opposilion and the Catholic prelacy in
Ireland, the government has not been possessed of suffi-
cient authority to carry out great legislative measures.
Its experience during the recess of P.irliament has not
indicated that any improvement in disposition was pro-
bable, the chief of the opposition having refused to ac-
cept office on the defeat of the government ; and the
t'abinet feeling that they have not supports which every
Ministry ought to have, an appeal to the people is the
proper remedy for such a state of things. The advan-
tage of a dissolution at the present moment is that the
estimates are so far advanced that the government is
able to promise a surplus of five millions sterling, with
which it intends to abolish the income tnx and to relieve
local taxation. Among the matters likely to come be-
fore Parliament are the readjustment of the educational
act, improvement of local government, and of the land,
;ame aufl litpior laws.
The address promises large measures of relief from
192
THE FRIEND.
duties on articlea entering into general consumption, sent opposed to national institntions, yet his adiierents
and expresses a hope for tlie speedy assimilation of include assailants of the monarchy ; those opposed to
county with borough franchise. tlie independence ot the House of Lords and the parti-
A lar-e cotton factory in Glasgo^v was burned on the sans of home rule, borne eyen urge the disestabUsh-
«'.3d ins? and 400U operatiyes thrown out of employ- ment of the English Church.^ His most trusted col-
' ' I leagues openly concur in a desire to thrust religion from
""a 'deputation of working men, headed by Joseph 'national education." . ,. , i r., j .i.
Arch waited upon A. Gladstone and urged the pro- Intelligence has been receiyed in London of the death
■ the electiye franchise to agricultural I of Dr. Liyingsione, in the interior of Africa. It is
priety of extending th „ , , •
laborers. Ghidstone expressed himself in fayor of their
object, but adyised them to be patient, pointing out to
them 'the magnitude and weigbtiness of the measure,
and the brief duration of Parliament.
Private letters from the Gold Coast report that great
Bickness prevails among the troops of Sir Garnet
Woolseley, proving fatal, in many cases, a few hours
after the attack. _
About seventy thousand tons of gram haye been
stored by the goyernment in Bengal, in order to avert
the threatened famine. Even though the famine be
checked, there will be distress in many districts of
India on account of the high prices of fond. The Bank
of England rate of discount has been reduced to 3} per
cent.
The English Mining Record Office has just issued its
annual statement of the mineral produce of the United
Kingdom for the year 1872, showing a total of 123,497,-
Slti tons of coal, 0,741,929 tons of iron, 5,703 tons of
copper, 9, .5(10 of tin, 60,45-5 of lead, 5,191 tons of zinc,
fi28,920 ounces of silver, and 1,309,497 tons of salt, to-
gether with considerable quantities of arsenic, manga-
nese, barytes, &e. Tlie total value of coal and minerals
amounting to i;70,193,0f-)0.
The entire amount of capital invested in Britisli
railways, at the close of 1872, w.as £509,000,000, and
the dividends on the shares varied from r2J per cent,
down to one per cent, and less, no dividends being paiil
on £33,000,000. The average of the dividends was 4.51
per cent. The number of miles of road 15,814.
Writs of election lor the new House of Commons
were promulgated on the 20th inst., and orders were
also sent to Edinburg for the election of .sixteen peers
representing Scotland in the upper House.
A German geographer. Dr. Ciuzzfeldt, under the
patronage of the German Emperor, has begun the work
of exploring almost the only portion of the African
coast region unpenetrated by modern explorers, the por-
tion extending southward from the Cameroons to Cape
Colony. It is the region of the Congo river, of which
little is known, excepting in the vicinity of its mouth.
Dispatches from Penang report that the Alchineese
continue a desperate resistance to the occupation of their
country by the Dutch. They recently attacked tlie
principal position held by the invaders, but met with a
repulse. The Dulch army has been reinforced.
In the French Assembly the bill conferring on the
government the powers of appointing mayors was finally
passed by a mijority of 43.
The Duke Des Cazes, urging the postponement of an
interpellation on foreign affairs, submitted by an Ultra-
montane, declared that the apprehensions that peace
might be disturbed which liad recently manifested them-
selves were unfounded. The government was solicitous
for the welfare and spiritual independence of the Pope,
but at the same time sincerely desired relations of har-
mony and friendship with Italy. The government
would labor incessantly to prevent misunderstandings
with any Power, for peace was necessary for the pros-
perity of France. The Duke said he made the above
statement with tlie full concurrence of President Mac-
Mahon. A motion to postpone the interpellation was
carried.
Madrid dispatches say that General Dominguez has
opened the campaign against the Carlists in Valencia.
Santander is threatened by the Carlists, and reinforce-
ments for the Republican iroops are being sent.
A Bayonne dispatch of the 25th says; The Carlists
report that Santander and Portugaleti surrendered to
their forces on the 22d inst., and that the entire Segovia
battalion, with 1000 rides and two cannon, fell into their
hands.
Benjamin Disraeli has issued an address to his con-
stituents in Buckinghanisliire, asking for re-election to
Parliament. In this address the one issued by Premier
Glailstone is severely criticized. He thinks it would
have been belter for the country if, during tlie last live
years, the foreign policy of the government had been a
little more energetic, and its domestic policy a little
less so. Disraeli denounces the proposed extension of
household suffrage to counties, and says such a mea-
sure will involve the disfranchisement of the sm.aller
boroughs. " The impending elections," he says, "are
moat important for the future of tlie kingdom. Though
stated that he died in the 0th mo. last, while travelling
from Lake Beiube to Unganembe. He had been travel-
ling over a partially submerged country, and after
wading four days through the waters, was seized by the
illness of which he died.
At a meeting of the Royal Geographical Society
doubts were expressed by some of the members as to
the authenticity of the account of Living-stone's death.
United States. — In New York, last week, there
were 509 deaths. In Philadelphia the interments num-
bered 319, including 129 children under two years.
There were 41 deaths of consumption, 38 inflammation
of the lungs, and 18 debility. The foreign import trade
of Philadelphia is ste.adily increasing. In 1871 the
direct imports amounted to §20,820,374, in 1872 to
§20,304.051, and in 1873 to $29,186,925.
The amount of gold and silver operated npon at the
Philadelphia and San Francisco mints and New York
Assay Office, during the six months ending 12th mo.
31st, 1873, was 500,881,667.
The national House of Representatives has passed a
resolution requesting the President to extend, in the
me of the United States, a resjiectful and cordial in-
vitation to the governments of other nations to be re-
presented and take part in the International Exposition
to be held at Philadelphia under the auspices of the
goyernment of the United States, in the year 1870. In
the discussion of the subject, it was admitted that Con-
gress would probably be called upon to bear part of the
expenses of the Expo,sition, which are variou.sly esti-
mated from seven to ten or more millions of dollars.
The bill passed by a vote of 206 to 42.
The power under the law for the Secretary of the
Treasury to issue the forty-four millions of reserve has
been discussed in the Committee of Ways and Means,
and a resolution has been reported to the Hou.se of
Uepre.sentatives for legalizing the issue, and making
the amount of circulation four hundred millions instead
of three hundred and tifty-six millions.
The Senate, in executive se.ssion, has confirmed the
nomination of Morrison R. Waite for the Chief Justice-
ship, without a dissenting voice. The public press
throughout the country speak favorably of the selection.
The Siamese twins, Chang and Eng, died on the 18tli
inst, at their home in Mount Airy, Surry Co., N. C.
Chang died lirst and Eng survived him but two hours.
They were about 03 years of age, and had resided in
the United States since 1829.
The population of Nebraska, which was 28,000 in
ISOO, is no\v estimated at 300,000. The increase has
been very rapid in the last three year.s.
I. G.Wilson and J. H. Millard, government directors
of the Union Pacific Railroad, have made a report to
the Secretary of the Interinr, in which they say that
with proper management they do not doubt the gross
earnings may in a short time be increased to if 12.000,-
000 per annum. AVhen that point is reached the road
would be competent to protect, to the full extent, the
interest which the goyernment has therein. The road
is not an expensive one to operate, and in this respect
can be kept below the average of the roads of th
United States.
The Markets, &c. — The following were the quotations
on the 20th inst. Nevi York. — American gold, lllj.
U. S. sixes, 1881, registered 117i; ■, coupons 118J ; ditto,
1802, 114 a 114i' ; ditto, 10-40 5 per cents, 113 a 114.
Superfine flour, S5.75 a SO.IO ; State extra, $6.70 a r7 ;
finer brands, $7..50 a $11. No. 1 Chicago .spring wheat,
$1.64; No. 2 do., $l.-59 a $1.61 ; red western, $1.70;
amber, $1.73; white Micliigan, $1.87. Canada barley,
.$2; State, $1.75 a $1.80. Oats, 57 a 05 cts. New
western mixed corn, 84 a 88 cts.; old mixed, 93 a 94
cts.; Jersey yellow, S3 a 85 cts. Philadelphia. — Mid-
dlings cotton, lt)|-a 171 cts. for uplands and New Or-
leans. Superfine flour, $5 a $5.75; extras, $6 a $0.50 ;
finer brands, j-7 a $10.50. Red wheat, $1.60 a $1.65;
amber, $1.70 a $1.80; -vvhite, $1.85 a $1.90. Yellow
corn, 78 a 82 cts. Oats, 57 a 60 cts. Smoked hams,
12 a 14 cts. Lard, di a 9| cts. Clover .seed, 8.1 a 10
cts. The arrivals and sales of bi-ef cattle at the Avenue
Drove-yard reached about 300(1 head. Extra sold at
7} a 7i cts. per ll>. gross; fiir to good 6 a 7 cts., and
common 4 a 5i cts. per lb. gross. Sheep sold at 5 a 7j-
cts. per lb. gross. Receipts about 12,0u0 he.ad. (_^orn
head. Chicago. — No. 1 spring wheat, $1.26| ; No.
do., $1.25.t ; No. 3, $1.19. No. 2 mixed corn, 58J ctil
No. 2 oats, 43J cts. No. 2 rye, 80 a 81 cts. BarlejiJ
$1.65 a $1.70. Lard, 9i cts. 'St. Louis.— No. 2 sprin
wheat, S1.25J ; No. 3 winter red, $1.46. No. 2 mixe
corn, 01 a 04 cts. O.its, 40 cts. Rye, 84 cts. Cincinnat
—Wheat, $1.48 a $1.55. Corn, 60 a 62 cts. Rye, 9 ',
cts. Barley, $1.45 a $1.65. Lard, 9J a 9^ eta.
WANTED.
Superintendent and Matron for Emlen Institutio (,
for benefit of boys of African and Indian desceni j
Farm in Bucks county. Pa.: a good practical farmeif,
and wife, a tidy managing housekeeper, both qualified!,
for the proper training of youth for usefulness on earl |l
and a preparation for heaven. Address, jj
Israel H. Johnson, No. 16 North Seventh St. ^
Thos. Stewardson, Jr., cor. Mill and Chew St <
Germantown, Philadelphia.
lat mo. 27th, 1874.
" The Germantown Employment Society for Women
has for sale, at a low price, a large supply of substantia
clothing for men, women and children, suitable to sen
to the Freedmen and Indians. To those purchasin
to the amount of §20 or over, we will make a reductio
of 10 per cent. Application may be made to
Sarah Ann Matlack, corner of Shoemakers Lan
and Wakefield St. ; or,
Martha H. Garrett, corner of Green and Coults
streets. t
FRIENDS' BOARDING SCHOOL FOR INDIaJ
CHILDREN, TUNESASSA, NEW YORK.
A teacher of the .school will be wanted at the cdi
menceraent of the Spring term. Also a Friend to!
as assistant matron.
Application may be made to
Ebenezer Worth, Marshallton, Chester Co., Pa
Joseph Scattergood, 413 Spruce St., Philada,
Aaron Sharpless, Street Road P. O., Chest
Co., Pa.
Thomas Wistar, Fox Chase P. O., Philada. k
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
As the stations of Superintendent and Matron of th
Institution are expected to be vacated at the close of tl
Winter .Se.ssion, in the 4th month next. Friends wl ■
m.ay feel drawn to undertake the duties attached
them, are requested to communicate thereon with eith'
of the following named members of the Committee.
Nathaniel N. Stokes, Cinnaminson Post-offic
Burlington Co., N. J.
Charles Evans, No. 702 Race St., Philadelphi:
Deborah Rhoads, Haddonfield, N. J.
Rebecca S. Allen, No. 335 S. Fifth St., Philad
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE.
Near Frankford, {Twenty-third Ward,) Philadelphia
Physician and Superintendent — JosHUA H. Wort;
INOTON, M. D.
Applications for the Admission of Patients may 1
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Board
Managers,
there is reason to hope that the Premier ia not at pre- [fed hogs $8.50 a $8.75 per 100 lb. net. Receipts 5,000
Died, at the residence of her son-in-law. Dr. Th
ophilus Price, Tuckerton, Burlington Co., N. J., Fir
month Sth, 1874, Hannah, widow of the lateTimotl
Pharo, in the 87th year of her age. She was always
member of Little Egg Harbor Monthly Meeting, ar
for many years a beloved overseer thereof. Being '
a retiring disposition, and an example of simplicit
she appeared as one waiting for the coming of her Lor
desiring to depart and be at rest. Her friends have tl
con.soling belief that her end was peace.
, at his residence in Frankford, Pennsylvani
William R. Dutton, in the forty-fourth year
his age, a member of Frankford Monthly and Pa
ticular Meetings. Though for many years he h:
been at times a great sufferer from attacks of diseas
yet his removal was, at the last, sudden and in an une:
pected manner. He was preserved in much patien-
through extreme suffering during his last illness, .ir
though unable to articulate much, liis peaceful frame'
mind throughout, gave those who witnes.sed it the co
soling trust that through the unmerited mercy of h
Saviour, the work had been silently carried on, and
the end :in admittance granted him into a mansion i
peace and rest. " Be ye also ready, for i:i such an hoi
as ye think not, the Son of man cometh."
' WILLIAM H'piLE.'PRINTEK.
No. 422 Walnut Street.
I
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. XLVII.
SEVENTH-DAY, SECOND MONTH 7, 1874.
NO. 25.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
'rice Two Dollars per annum, if paid in advance. Two
dollars and fifty cents, if not paid in advance.
Sabscriptions and Payments receiTed by
JOHN S. STOKES,
AT HO. 116 NORTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS,
PHILADELPHIA.
'ostage, when paid quarterly in advance, five cents.
For "The Friend."
John Heald.
(CoDtinned f^nm page 187.)
"8th mo. 12th. We had a meeting at
jemuel Hathaway's, in which I was favored
Q testimony. A sense of too much ease and
adifferenee in the minds of those present at-
ended me, and to arouse to a more diligent
nd lively concern seemed to be the aim of
ly labor. Solemnity and tenderness pre-
ailed, after which I was engaged in supplica-
ion. After sitting a while, I thought it to be
suitable time to conclude the meeting, and
fter shaking hands with several, I arose, and
hough I sat as flir frona the door as any per-
on there, I went to the door and passed out
trst.
13th. Attended a meeting near Ephraim
latterfield's. I felt an engagement to sup-
lieate for that assistance which is necessary
) aid in religious performances, in which!
ilt encouraged, and engaged in testimony ;
ut it seemed as if the people were fixed and
'osed, and I could get no entrance. I ended
ith sorrowful sensations on their account,
ut on my own that I had endeavored to do
le best I could. It seemed to me that the
orld had the first place in their minds, and
iligion was only a secondary care."
John Heald mentions in his journal that
oshua Peeley, who acted for a short time as
is guide, had formerly lived in his own neigh-
3rhood, but that losing his wife, and being
ft with a family of young children, the
aungest a babe, he had returned more than
)0 miles and settled again in New England.
nder the pressure of many and humbling
ials, his mind became concerned in regard
' I his religious welfare. He married again,
id his second wife was religiouslj' disposed,
ither inclinations were not towards Friends,
id she joined anotherreligioussooiety. After
me time she was brought down near unto
•ath, and when in that condition saw that
e must use the plain language of thee and
ou instead of you to a single person. The
ictor was attending on her at the time, and
hen she knew that he had come, and felt
at if she were faithful she must not decline
e use of this language to him, she covered
r head to hide her face, through fear of the'
OSS on the one hand, and of unfaithfulness
the other. She dreaded reproach, and
I
dreaded disobedience, lest she should come
under condemnation, and break her peace, not
knowing but she might soon go oft" the stage
of time with wilful disobedience weighing her
down with guilt. Thus she was grciitlj' tried,
but, yielding obedience to that which was re-
quired of her, she found it not so hard as she
expected, and enjoyed the reward of inward
peace.
" 16th. At Leeds, a full meeting, and only
a few Friends. I said that all Christians agree
that it is our duty to worship God, but there
are many ways of performing what is called
worship. I went on to show that some had
tried many ways and had not found that which
their souls longed for, and deep sorrow had
taken hold of their minds, and fervent desires
were breathed to the Father of mercies, that
He would be pleased to look on their afflic-
tions and afford help. When He saw meet to
let them feel His love diffused into and spread
over their minds, it satisfied their souls. Here
they needed no form of prayer, but asked for
what they felt they stood in need of. When
gratitude and praises inspired the mind for
mercies received, according to the degree felt
and known, so the mind was prepared to ac-
knowledge the favor. How needless are life-
less forms to these !
18th. We had a mcetini^ at the house of
the widow Bstes, near Poland. It was mostly
made up of such as were not members of our
Society. The silence continued longer than
one of them was easy with, who began to
speak and continued some time ; but it seemed
to me the meeting lost by the communication.
After a time I stated my expectation, that all
professors of Christianity believed the Scrip-
tures to be written by divine inspiration, and
to be relied on as such, and that this was my
belief. In those writings, we find in the saj'-
ings of our Lord, that, ' where two or three
are met together in my name, there am I in
the midst of them.' There is nothing men-
tioned of preaching being necessary, in order
to be so favored with the Divine presence.
Again, ' Of yourselves, without me, ye can do
nothing;' and, 'If any man have not the Spirit
of Christ, he is none of His.' Yet, a manifes-
tation of the Spirit is given to every man to
profit withal. Take heed that ye be not de-
ceived in a matter of such consequence as that
of the salvation of the soul. O, how my
mind is clothed with mourning and sorrow on
account of the professors of Christianity satis-
fying themselves with a name to live, without
knowing that Spirit or Crace of God that
brings salvation, and hath appeared to all
men ! Though they own the scriptures to be
written by Divine inspiration, they do not
believe any man to have the Spirit of Christ
to guide him.
We dined at the place where the meeting
was held, and Simon Estes conducted us to
Raymond, to Obadiah Gould's. We attended
the meeting, the 19th, in which I was silent,
till near the close, when I said, this oppor-
tunity may yet bo profitable to some, if they
consider what the attention of the mind has
been to ; whether it has been directed to the
Master, or whether it has been to the servant.
Is not the Supreme Being, the right .object of
worship, and should the attention of tho mind
be placed on the creature instead of tho Cre-
ator? I fear there has been loss sustained by
many, both preachers and others ; bj' some,
from entertaining a strong desire to hear, and
by others, to be heard, and thus indulging the
craving of natural inclination. Some may be
or have been induced to say, ' Thus saith the
Lord,' and the Lord never sent them, but
what is delivered is a gratification of sense,
and gratifying to nature. Can we, by nature,
do the acceptable will of Heaven ?
My mind had endured much humiliating
exercise in the meeting, and was enabled to
wait to know my allotted duty; and way
opened for me to clear myself with a short
testimonj'."
The caution which John Heald in this in-
stance extended to those who might not have
rightly improved the time of silence, is one of
wide application both within the pale of our
Society, as well as without. Many thought-
ful persons of other religious professions have
regretted the absence in their meetings for
worship of intervals of BOlemn silence in which
the heart might enter into communion with
our great Creator, without the attention being
constantly engaged in outward performances.
It has become so customary to confound the
idea of worship with preaching, praying, &c.,
that many do not think of the possibility of
performing that great duty without these ac-
cessories, which are by no means essential.
Hence, if the preacher is absent, they think
no worship can be performed. It is interest-
ing to note from time to time, evidences of
the attention of others being drawn to this
subject. In a recent number "of The Christian
Union, there is a communication by a pro-
fessed minister of another religious society,
in which the writer says : —
" I would like to put in a plea for stillness
as a spiritual reality having a title to recog-
nition in both public and social religious exer-
cises. ' The Lord is in His holy temple : let
all the earth keep silence before him.' Hero
is an expression for something as profoundly
real and as clearly necessary as anything in-
dicated in the other scripture, ' In His temple
doth every one speak of His glory.' What
speech, indeed, cries out for God like the
silence of a deeply reverent soul? We have,
then, a silence which is of f:iith, and which is
not sin.
" Our Quaker brethren have seen this very
clearly, and have borne a solemn testimony to
the truth and import of silent service. All
Christians, doubtless, recognize the same truth
in their closets, in their private meditations;
and to this recognition they owe much of
whatever is enlivening in their religious con-
ferences.
194
THE FRIEND.
" The chief troable in the case seems to be
that the faithful are looking for God to give
fellowship and stimulus only in speech. There-
fore they rule out, with a kind of impatience,
all intervals of stillness from their reckoning
of profitable and comfortable communion.
Their communion is witb tbe Father and the
Son, not in the unity of the same Spirit brood-
ing silently in the hearts of all ; but in the
umty of the same Spirit speaking by some
mind and mouth, by whose means they glorify
God.
" Now as all good words are generated
silently in the laboratory of the soul, they
should be waited for in no unbelieving, barren
and impatient way. Stillness, even in the
social re-union, should be at once and frankly
elevated to the sphere oi' faith and responsi-
bility. Why does not some one speak — pray
— sing? Because all are keeping silence be-
fore God — speaking, praying, singing in the
spirit. By-and-by the gift of tongues will
come, and they will teach and admonish one
another."
We resume the extracts from the journal :
" 20th. At Windham, I warned the people
against trusting in any opinions for safety
while they know an indulging in wrong do-
ings; nor in imputative righteousness, with-
ou"t they faithfully endeavor to yield obedience
to divine requiring. O the delusion there is
in the doctrine of all being saved, and hav-
ing Christ's righteousness imputed to them,
though they indulge in that they know to be
-wrong! Shall not the Lord of all the earth
do right? Shall those who indulge in every
abominable thing that inclination leads into,
be made partakers with the righteous who
have been faithful unto death ?"
(To be continued.)
Japanese Tea. — A blue book, issued under
the auspices of the British Government, the
compilation of Consul Robertson and Secre-
tary Lawrence, of the British service in Japan,
contains some interesting particulars of the
cultivation of tea in that country. It appears
that the plant has been grown in Japan for at
least a century and a half, but previous to
the opening of the country to foreign trade,
little attention seems to have been given to
the plantations. During the last seventeen
years, however, the cultivation has been
rapidly extended, and Mr. Robertson esti-
mates that, should no unfavorable reaction
set in, an increase in the production to the
extent of about 15 per cent, per annum may
be counted on for the next few years. What
the actual yield amounts to there appears to
be no means of ascertaining. The best tea,
we are told, is produced in Yamashiro, a small
province about ninety miles long by five and-
twenty broad. Other provinces produce a
much larger crop, but the smaller yield of
Yamashiro is of more value on account of its
superior quality. The reason seems chiefly
to be that the climate of this province is very
mild as well as damp, snovv falling but rarely,
and seldom or never to a greater depth than
an inch. But the quality depends largely also
on the nature of the soil. In conversation
■with Mr. Lawrence, a native grower, he esti-
mated the amount of land in Yamashiro capa-
ble of producing tea of the very best quality
at no more than twenty-five acres, of which
he himself possessed about a tenth part. He
also estimated the entire yield of the province
as worth about £300,000, two-thirds being of
good quality. But, although the extent of
land under tea cultivation is yearly increas-
ing, he did not expect an increase of the first
quality tea. There is not soil of the right
kind to produce it. Tea is planted from the
seeds, which are gathered in the autumn,
when tbe nuts containing them have attained
a full dark color. The nuts are well dried
until they open, and then stored until March,
when the seeds are sown. According to a
Japanese work, quoted by Mr. Robertson, the
ground should be prepared as for vegetables,
well manured, and laid out in ridges. A hole
about two feet in diameter should be dug, and
the seed placed therein, mixed with guano to
keep off the moles. The plant shows up well
in about fifty days ; at the end of the first
year it attains a height of about two inches;
at the end of the second year about nine or
ten, throwing out two branches. The third
year it grows to about a foot and a half, with
five branches. It should never be allowed to
exceed five ieet. In the fourth year the leaves
are first gathered. According to the infor-
mation collected by Mr. Lawrence, " the older
the tree the better the crop. The trees which
produce the tea worth five dollars the pound
in Minobei's plantation are, he told me, from
400 to 500 years old. In these the trunks arc
from five to six inches in diameter. This
plantation has been possessed by Minobei's
family for six generations." The picking be-
gins in different districts at different times.
in Yamashiro, the first picking occurs in May,
and as many as tour crops are gathered dur-
ing the year.
Japanese tea is exported almost exclusivelj'
to America. The leaf naturally is rather green
than black, and the Japanese, as yet at least,
are not adepts, as the Chinese are, in the art
of coloring. Indeed, they seem to be very
unskilful even in the proper preparation of
the leaf In China, in the preparation of black
tea, the leaf is taken when fresh, wetted and
put into baskets, where it is allowed to fer-
ment slightly ; but the Japanese have not yet
adopted this method, and when the teas reach
the foreign merchant they are no longer in a
fit condition for undergoing the process.
Selected fir "The Friend.
To Friends of the Foremost Rank of the Rising
Generation, and those in the Prime of Life.
The following, from " Memoirs and Letters
of Samuel Fothergill," though notparticularly
addressed to Friends hereaway or of this day,
contains matter suggestive and profitable, and
well worthy of the serious consideration of us
all:—
" Let, I beseech you, the seeming foremost
rank amongst you look closely to their own
steps, and consider carefully whether they
have not hy some means contributed to the
general decay of lively zeal and care, through
their own declension and lukewarmncss. Re-
turn therefore, I beseech you,' oh ye chiefs
amongst the people, to 3'our first love, and
do your first works, lest greater desolation
ensue, and He, who walkoth in the midst of
the seven golden candlesticks, come unto
you quickly, and remove yours out of its
place ; for why should the candlestick re-
main, when the light and lustre of the can-
dle is extinguished ? And, dearly beloved
Friends of the rising generation, and ye in
the prime of life, suft'erand receive the word of
exhortation from one who tenderly loves you.
Remember your Creator and your Judge ; let
not the foolish amusements, or vain conversa-
tion of this world, prevail to turn you aside
from your great and everlasting interest. Re-
member there is not any thing of this worM
can lay the foundation of eternal peace; it i3
an earnest, humble seeking after the sanctify-
ino- Hand, and submission to its virtue, which
can alone fashion you as vessels of honor, and
fit you for the heavenly kingdom ; cherish the
secret drawings of Divine love ; be not ashamed
of its tendering, restraining effects ; why should
you sell your souls for a thing of nought? forj
such will be the smiles and frowns of this!
world in a day that is hastily approaching.|
Let not, therefore, the evil example of others,?
nor the reproach of the scornful, prevail to|
your hurt, but retain the fear of God, which
will keep the heart clean, and be an excellent
enduring treasure, when everything else shall
vanish as a vapor."
♦ ^
The 3feinam. — The great river of Siam,
though of immense value to the country, ie
of limited advantage for the purposes of navi.
gation. A bar at its mouth obliges all except
the smaller vessels to find anchorage in ar
open roadstead from six to ten miles from thi
shore. If the bar is once crossed, however
there is deep water and easy navigation, evei
for ships of the largest class, into the verj
midst of the city of Bangkok, thirty milei
from the mouth of the river. Formerly r
was navigable for a much longer distance
The ancient annals of Siam report that in th(
seventh century, Chinese junks ascended thii
Meinam as far as Sangkhalok, which is a dis I
tanee of 360 miles from the sea. At presen j
the river is navigable for only about sixti
miles. There are about ten waterfalls withii
the space of seven or eight leagues, but non^
impassable, and during six months of the yea|
the great floods cause them to disappear.
These great floods, the regular inundatio
of the Meinam, constitute the great event 0
the year in Siam, as does the inundation c
the Nile in Egypt. An area of not far froc
twenty thousand square miles of territory i
enriched by this annual overflow, and so en
riched as to make it, in fertility and produc
tiveness, the very garden of the world. It i
safe to say that no equal area on the face c
the globe exceeds the valley of the Meinai
in possibilities of vegetable wealth. Some
the phenomena of the great inundation hav
been collected and recorded by Sir John Bov
ring. He says: "The Meinam has its annus
inundation. Charged with the rich soil whic
it brings from the interior, in the month (
June its waters begin to rise, and in Auguf
overflow the banks to a height sometimes e:
ceeding six feet above the ordinary level. I
the first public audience I had with the fin
king, he called my attention to the inundi
tion of the river as the main source of the fe
tility of the soil ; the rice fields become green(
and more promising as the waters sprea^
which generally remain till the month
November, the land having the appearance
a lake. Boats traverse it in all direction
temporary canals being formed among th
rice fields to facilitate their circulation. Pall
qoix aflirms that though the high lands a
submerged for several months, the lower r
gious of the country, at a distance of thirt
miles from the sea, are never inundated, whic
he attributes to the strength of the tide, whic
in rising, drives back the descending wate
with an irresistible force, and at the ebb the
THE FRIEND.
196
make their way by the ordinary stream to
the ocean, so that they have no time to spread
themselves over the adjacent lands. A failure
of the inundation is ruin to a large portion of
the rice-crops.
But the country sometimes suffers fearful]}-
from these inundations. That of 1S31 nearly
destroyed all the sugar plantations, and three
or four feet of water continuing to cover the
face of the country, almost all the cattle
perished. The rice harvest was seriouslj-
affected, and the finest fruit trees swept awa}',
30 that it was said only one durion tree was
left in Siam. But fruit abounded, fruit of
singular variety and excellence in 1S55, and
the mischief of the floods appeared to be wholly
repaired.
When the waters of the Meinam are sup-
posed to have reached their highest point, the
king deputes one hundred Bonzes (Buddhist
priests), who are instructed to command the
inundation to proceed no further. These func-
tionaries embark on state barges, issue the
royal mandate to the waters, bidding them
turn back in their course, and they accom-
pany their intervention with exorcisms which
are sometimes ineffectual, and show that the
falling of the waters is no more subject to the
commands of the sovereign of Siam than were
the tides on the British shores controlled by
the Danish king."
For "Tlie FrieDd."
Memoirs and Letters of Sarah Hiilman.
(Coutinued from page 191.)
"1830. Fifth mo. 1st. Deep and painful
are the baptisms through which those who
ire called to be mouth to the people have to
pass, even as it were to go down to the bot-
tom of Jordan, having the earth with her
bars about them. Yet if mercilully favored
to feel that the everlasting arms are under-
neath, the tribulated mind will be supported
in and through all, having the consoling lan-
5aage of our adorable Redeemer verified in its
axperience. In the world ye shall have tribu-
lation, but in me peace. These, though they
may be brought to the state David was in
when he said. My flesh trcmbleth for fear of
Thee; and I am afraid of Thy judgments;
they may feel constrained, though in weak-
,Qes8and fear and trembling, to tell unto Jacob
his transgression, and to Israel his sin ; yet
these, amid all their secret conflicts are at
times comforted with the assurance that the
Saviour's grace is suflicient for them; and
made to feel that through the strengthening
power of the Lord Jesus, they can do all things
He requires. Oh ! may the Lord Almighty,
in the riches of his love and mercy, abilitate
'his poor servant, who feels herself less than
the least of all saints, to fulfil His glorious
will, and serve Him faithfully in the work of
the gospel, that so the ministry received may
be fulfilled ; and in the awful day of chasten-
ng judgment, my soul being clear of the blood
-if all men, may be admitted into that glorious
holy city, which needeth not the light of the
5ua nor of the moon, but the glory of God
loth lighten it, and the Lamb is the light
thereof."
While it is most true, as S. H. represents,
that those " called to be mouth to the people"
— one channel of communication between
Christ the Head, and the church — have to
3xperience ''deep and painful" and self-abas-
ing baptisms, wherein no flesh can glory, like
to going "down to the bottom of Jordan''
truly, yet at the same time, as she also sets
forth, there are none who in seasons of their
Lord's condescension can more rejoice in Him;
more set up Ebenezers of gratitude and praise
to Him ; neither are more permitted and
strengthened to bring up stones of jjrecious
memorial to His eternally glorified and excel-
lent name. It is those who deeply suft'er with
the Saviour, whether ministers or not, that
shall reign with Him. And the lower the
foundation of the s])iritual building, through
deep digging, is laid upon Christ the Rock,
the more will such be enabled to withstand
assailing storms and to rejoice in Him even
after the experience of David's joy : " I waited
patienti}' for the Loi-d; and he inclined unto
me, and heard my cry. He brought me up
also out of an horrible pit, out of the miry
clay, and set my feet upon a rock, and estab-
lished my goings. And he hath put a new
song in my mouth, even praises unto our
God." Again it is written, "As the sufferings
of Christ abound in us, so our consolation also
aboundeth by Christ." And it was the dying
testimony of James Naylor, " There is a spirit
which 1 feel" that " never rejoiceth hut through
sufferings ; for with the world's joy it is mur-
dered." "In God alone it can rejoice, though
none else regard it, or can own its life." "I
found it alone ; being forsaken."
May these truths take fust hold of our
minds ; remembering that the will of the Lord
— whatever it calls for or leads into — and our
true interest and happiness are inseparable.
Surrounded as we are by the genial attrac-
tions of time and sense, there is great danger
of our almost insensiblj- becoming leavened
more or less with them and into the spirit of
this world, so as not to keep clearly in view
what life is for, and whether the great work
of preparation is keeping pace with the rapid
advance of the great end. The love of ease
and self-indulgence, so harmonizing with the
propensities of our fallen nature, are strongly
antagonistic to this needful and pleaded for
suffering and baptism, and fiiithf'ul mainte-
nance of the cross of Christ which crucifies to
the world and the world unto us. Moreover
all the art and device of the cruel enemy is
brought to bear upon our incipient faith, our
weak and struggling resolutions, perhaps again
and again formed not to indulge therein, lest
we lose our hold on the crown unspeakably
precious and immortal. But how should such
be helped and encouraged by the interroga-
tories. Can we love the world and Christ our
Master too '? Can we be heirs of two king-
doms? Can we avoid the indispensable judg-
ments of the Swift Witness for Truth upon
the transgressing nature, and at the same
time become the new creatures we are called
to in Christ Jesus ? Can we expect, if neglect-
ful of Him in the day of His mercy, that we
can escape His final justice? Or can a few
short years of pleasure so-called, or even of
prosperity in this unsatisfying and deceitful
world, counterbalance for an eternity lost of
peace and bliss and joy forever? These ques-
tions seriouslj- and truthfully answered, would
almost disarm the man of sin with his falla-
cious reasonings within us.
Then let us be faithful to the Lamb of God,
who taketh awaj- the sin of the world, by sub-
mitting to His turning, cleansing, refining
sanctifying, all-powerful hand upon us. Let
us patiently endure tribulation after tribula
tion, baptism upon baptism, chastening added
to chastening, if thereby repentance unto life,
and grace to help in time of need, may but bo
our richly compensating experience. For, be
it remembered, the Lord of life and glory first
endured the " contradiction of sinners against
himself, and though ricii, for our sakes became
poor; and hath promised still to bo with His
in the furnace of trial, to comfort and sus-
tain ; who though he maketh "the depths of
the sea a way for the ransomed to pass over,"
hath also said, " Call upon me in the day of
trouble ; I will deliver thee, and thou shalt
glorify me."
To Ann Jones.*
'• Philadeliiliia, Vth mo. 16th, 1830.
My Beloved Friend,— Thine of the 12th I
received this day, very opportunelj' as 1 con-
ceive ; as faith and hope were well nigh spent,
and so great the povert}- and desertion my
poor mind was in, I was almost ready to sink.
It seemed to strengthen mj' faith a little, and
to confirm my hope, that Ho in whom I have
believed, would not wholl}' forsake or give me
over to be tempted beyond what he would
preserve through. Ah ! potent indeed is that
grand adversary who beguiled our first pa-
rents, and who does still endeavor to destroy
those who are concerned to seek after a better
and an enduring substance. These had need
to prepare their souls for temptation, by hum-
bly waiting for the arising of the Spirit and
power of their Redeemer ; which is and ever
will prove a standard against him. I feel no
disposition to complain, my dear friend, of
any or all the provings and trials from within
or without which have been mine, or may yet
await ; though these have been such, at sea-
sons, as have caused deep searching of heart,
and I have been ready to query, why am I
thus? In the midst of all this so lonely has
been my situation, I scarce dare to speak to
any of my friends of any of these things. Had
thou been in reach, as I said in my heart, I
could unbosom these feelings unto my dear
mother, and she could perhaps understand
me. Sometimes I have been bound to show
myself, and at others have had to suffer
deeply.
In order to strengthen up this feeble frame
if possible b}' a change of air, I have passed a
few days in Jersey. While there, I was at
my dear friend E. Collins'; who is much as
when we were there. >Sho seemed entirely
comfortable ; and said she had not a wish for
a change. Said, too, that all her bed had been
made by Him, who had been her morning
light, and the strength of her life ; and who,
I doubt not, will be her evening song. So
that, as I said in my heart, if such may be my
evening, surely all that can be done and suf-
fered, will not be too much to endure. She
desired her affectionate love to thee. In at-
tending their Monthl}- Meeting I was brought
into a great strait; for I was obliged to give
proof of ray love to my divine Lord by bend-
ing at His holy footstool. No one near mo
knew me ; but, through adorable mercy and
help I returned home sweetly consoled in
spirit. AtCropwell and Moorestown had poor,
dull seasons. The people are so earnest to
gather the riches of this world, that those
which neither moth nor rust can corrupt I
fear are but little sought. Oh ! when I con-
sider these things and my own danger, how
do I crave preservation, let the purifying dis-
pensations be as bitter as they may, ra1>her
* Who was then on a religious visit in the State of
New York.
196
THE FRIEND.
than to settle on my lees in an unconcerned
state, while the seed, the pure immortal seed,
is oppressed even as a cart with sheaves. Truly
so many and so great are the dangers which
surround us, that had we not just such a great
and merciful High Priest, we must surely
perish ; while without His daily support how
could we be kept alive? We are poor prison-
ers; without any capacity to think anything
good as of ourselves, yet prisoners of hope ;
and provided with the stronghold, unto which
we are invited to turn ; and as we accept the
invitation we realize the gracious promises of
the gospel, and are enabled, through faith, to
participate in the joys reserved in heaven for
those, who through many tribulations, and
having their robes washed in the blood of the
Lamb, are clothed in white, and bear in their
hands the victor's palm, ascribing 'salvation
and strength to the Lamb.'
Dear E. Pitfield is well, I believe, and so
far as I know, doing her Master's bidding.
The prospect of seeing thee is pleasant; but
it is so closely associated with thy departure
home as to cause mingled emotions of joy and
grief. Thou wilt live in the hearts of some of
us when far separated ; and I trust wilt re-
member us for good before thy Father's throne.
Be pleased to continue thy care for thy little
friend, who feels less than the least of all the
flock and family ; and alike unworthy of the
many mercies bestowed by a kind Providence,
as of the affection thou hasi for her.
Affectionately farewell,
S. HiLLMAN.
P. S.
' My fears and doubts and cares, are known, O Lord,
to thee,
Give rae but strength to do thy will, and that sufEceth
me,'
is a couplet I have somewhere seen, which
seems to me to be so accordant with my feel-
ings as to induce me to pen it here. My
heart often so speaks.
(To be continued.)
Jaguars. — A number of Jaguars, forced pro-
bably from the woods by the scarcity of game
since the destructive hurricane, had been
committing great havoc among the goats,
pigs, &c., belonging to the inhabitants [oi
Blewfields, Central America.] In order to
put a stop to these depredations, traps were
set in the most likely places, but for a long
time without success. However, one night,
an old lady, one of the last of the original
white settlers, hearing a commotion among
her live stock, ran out to see what was the
matter; her surprise, no doubt, was great
when she found herself face to face with a
large jaguar. She did not lose her presence
of mind, but flourishing an umbrella, the only
thing she had in her hand, she suddenly open-
ed it full in the animal's eyes; upon which
he was so startled, that possibly desiring to
escape, and seeing only one opening, he im
mediately sprang through the door of the
trap, which closed upon him securely, and
the next morning ho was executed without
difficulty. — Wickham's Journey.
A good man showeth favor and lendeth ; he
will guide his affairs with discretion. Surely
he shall not be moved forever : the righteous
shall be had in everlasting remembrance ; he
shall not be afraid of evil tidings ; bis heart is
fixed, trusting in the Lord.
A REVIEW OF LIFE.
I'm thirty years of age to-day !
The thought is full of pain —
How much of life has passed away !
How little is the 17am.'
The gain that Everlasting Love
Would crown with endless bliss;
The treasures of the world above,
The crowning joy of this, —
The few short years of childhood too !
Of manhood's opening flowers !
Oh hadst thou naught, my soul, to do
But sleep the golden hours ?
Alas ! hadst thou a willing heed,
In earlier life, have given,
To mercies which alone can plead
Before the bar of ^Heaven;
An early sacritice had then
Been offered up to Him,
Who loveth more the gift, than when
The " lamp of life" is dim.
Then thou hadst early learned to know
The paths of " peace in God" —
The living fountain streams that flow
Beneath His chastening rod ;
A drinking deep to thirst no more,
A living, not by bread alone —
AUaying up a goodly store, —
The treasures of the world to come.
Then youth had been a joyful spring,
With all its buds and flowers.
Whose cruel storms would only bring
The soul-refreshing showers.
And thou hadst hoped, in summer heat
Of manhood's ardent noon.
To bind the sheaves of golden wheat
And bear the harvest home.
But be it thine to work and wait
And hope still tremblingly.
That though the oflering come so late
The Master loveth thee.
Original.
IF WE WOULD.
If we would but check the speaker
When he spoils his neighbor's fame,
If we would but help the erring
Ere we utter words of blame ;
If we would, how many might we
Turn from paths of sin and shame !
Ah, the wrong that might be righted
If we would but see the way !
Ah, the pains that might be lightened
Every hour and every day,
If we would but hear the pleadings
Of the hearts that go astray.
Let us step outside the stronghold
Of our selfishness and pride ;
Let us lift our fainting brothers,
Let us strengthen ere we chide ;
Let us, ere we blame the fallen,;
Hold a light to cheer and guide.
Ah, how blessed — ah, how blessed
Earth would be, if we'd but try
Thus to aid and right the weaker,
Thus to check each brother's sigh
Thus to talk of duty's pathway
To our better life on high.
In each life, however lowly,
There are seeds of mighty good ;
Still, we shrink from souls appealing
With a timid, " if we could ;"
But a Gud who judges all things
Knows the truth is " if we would."
Scientific Notes.
It is said that a stone suitable for houses,
and rivalling in quality and texture the best
Turkey stone, has been discovered in immense
quantity in Newfoundland.
The Oldest Coin. — H. N. Humphreys says :
" By a very high authority, an Ionian coin of
the city of Miletug, now in the British Muse-
um, has been considered to exhibit marks of
more ancient fabric than any coin hitherto
discovered." The type of this coin, which is
probably of the 8th century B. C, is a lion's
head, frequently associated by the Greeks
with their mythological legends, especially in
the worship of Cybele. It is a gold coin, and
of very rude workmanship.
Accidents in Wood-working Machinery. — Ow-
ing to the high rates of speed at which circu-
lar saws, and the cutters of moulding machines
are run, accidents are frequent. Indeed most
of those who have long been employed in
wood-working mills, carry about them scars,
which indicate that they have learned caution
by the things they have suffered. The major-
ity of accidents are the result of carelessness.
In a recent work by I. Eichards, on Wood-
working Factories, there are some interest-
ing observations respecting the connection
between the mental characteristics of the
workman, and the liability to accident. Men
who perform their duties in a mechanical way,
whose minds are apt to become absorbed in
matters foreign to the work they have in
hand, are specially unsuited to attend upon a
circular saw. I. Richards says, that by at-
tentively observing the dispositions of the
workmen, he was enabled to reduce the acci- >
dents in a large establishment to a minimum.
Whenever he detected a man day-dreaming
or engrossed in thought, and found it to be
the result of his natural temperament, he gave
him some less dangerous employment, and
kept those who were always clear-headed and
attentive, to work the circular saws.
Loss of Power in Machinery. — Professor
Jenkin, of Edinburgh University, in a recent
address to his students, called their attention
to this important subject. In a cotton mill,
a portion of the power goes to drive the en-
gine itself, a portion to drive the shafting, a
portion to drive the scutching, carding, roving
and spinning machinery, and a residuum ie
employed in actually scutching, carding 01
spinning the cotton itself. We are so accus-
tomed to consider the work done in driv-
ing, say the carding machine, as useful work,
that it may be a little difficult to see the dis-
tinction, between the work of driving the
shafts, drums and levers of the machine, and
the work of actually carding the cotton. The
only really useful work, is the work of drag-
ging the fibres of cotton into parallel direc-
tions. This would require some power, even
if our machines were so perfect as to be with-
out friction. The overcoming of this friction,
and of resistance in the bearings of the shaft-
ing is a waste of power, though inevitable,
To ascertain what this waste really amounts
to, an experiment was tried in a large cot-
on factory in Bolton, one-eighth of which
vvasj placed at the Professor's disposal. The
machinery of this one-eighth was kept run-
ning with the rest of the mill, but the 20,000
threads of cotton which it would have spun
were broken off, so that it did no work, and
the difference in the power employed was
carefully noted. The conclusions at which he
arrived were, that more than one-third of the
whole power of the steam is required to over-
come the friction of the engine and shafting
alone. More than one-half of the power is
spent in driving the machines used in the
preparation and spinning of the cotton. Less
than one-sixth, perhaps as little as one-tenth
of the whole power, does the actual work of
preparing and spinning the cotton, the other
five-sixths or nine-tenths being wasted.
Purification of Drinking Water. — Water ma^
i
THE FRIEND.
197
oiitain a large quantit}- of peaty organic mat-
er— as much as 4 or 5 grains to the gallon —
nil be harmless; whilst a very small traction
f this quantity of another kind of organic
.natter may make it a deadly poison. Soils
;enerally are acid, and the drainage-waters
TOm them are comparatively harmless. But,
iinder conditions which are otten found in
Topical countries, putrefactive decomposition
;vill commence, and malaria bo the result. In
ihe drain age- water from such a tract of coiin-
ry, the germs of I'atal diseases are almost
rertain to be present.
That the poison is in the water, rather than
n the air, is well illustrated by a circumstance
■elated by Dr. Woods. Two ships were dis-
latched simultaneously with troops from Al-
;eria to France, both under similar circum-
tances, except that the supply of water had
)een drawn in one case from the low marshy
ands where ague was prevalent, whilst the
)ther ship had taken water from a locality
lituated at a greater elevation, and where the
iisease was unknown. The passengers on
joard the first transport were quickly seized
with remittent fever, whereas no case of ill-
jess occurred on board the second vessel.
To remove the putrefying organic matter
from, water, a writer in the Chemical Keios,
recommends a mixture of permanganate of
potash, and sulphate of alu mina. He says he
has seen the sewage of large cities converted
by such means, in the course of a quarter of
m hour, from an ott'ensive-looking, vile-smell-
ling liquid, into water bright, clear, inodorous
and tasteless, and so free from injurious mat
ter as to allow delicate fish to live and thrive
in it.
coedings of the conference of the moinbers of
London Yearlj' Meeting show, that things
have got to a low ebb there, as far as the
principles of our religious Society are con-
cerned. They seem to have let fall one
principle after another, until there is very
little left of true Quakerism, or pure spir-
itual Christianit}' but the name. Oh, how
has the gold become dim — how is the most
fine gold changed ; they have gone back
nearly to what eai-ly Friends came out of;
and now, instead of waiting on the Minister
of the Sanctuary and listening to His teach-
ing, they seem to ])refor to listen to the teach-
ing of poor, fallen, finite man; and to the
reading of the letter of the Scriptures, and to
the explauatiiins LhaL men can put on^thcm ;
instead of looking to that source of whom
it was said formerly, " and He opened their
understandings, that they might understand
the Scriptures," and not to the intellectual
powers of man. The scribes and pharisees
read the Scriptures in their synagogues every
Sabbath day, and yet neither understood them
nor obeyed them. Well might the Lord say
of them, as he did by the prophet to his de-
generate people formerly : " My people have
committed two evils, they have forsaken me,
the Fountain of living waters, and hewn out
to themselves cisterns, broken cisterns, that
can hold no water ;" substituting the teachinsc
contrivances of man — and all will worship,
and come back to that \nxi\' spiritual worship
instituted by Christ himself ; wliicli He unfold-
ed to the woman of Samaria when ))ci-siinally
upon earth, and which was practiced by
Friends in the beginning of our Society, and
from then to the ]ji'esenl time, by all faithful
Friends. I believe, if those few in England
who wish to stand for the original doctrine
of Friends, would stand firm and have the
zeal and courage to liico opposition which
early Friends had, and not give away their
strength in any way, by going in with anj'
of these now things by which some in this
daj'arc endeavoring to improve old-fashioned
Quakerism, that things would soon be ditfer-
L-iit tlioi-o For their ;iiul rinr encom-ugoinent.
I want us to remember how it was with
Richard Davies, who stood alone in Wales for
some time, though he seemed to be sot upon
on every side by opposition of different kinds ;
but through all, he patiently and faithfully
maintained his testimony ; and in time there
was a largo meeting gathered there of faith-
ful men and women, who were willing to suffer
with him for the good cause which he had
espoused, of truth and righteousness in the
earth ; — and so it was in the early days of our
Society, in a groat many other places. Where-
evcr there were faithful Friends that patiently
and faithfully bore their testimony before the
of men for the teaching of the Holy Spirit, (world, and in the face of all the opposition
which cannot err. And it micht be said of that could be brought to bear against them,
this people as it was of Israel of old, " I have
spoken unto you, rising early and speaking.
they soon became as a city set upon a hill,
that could not be hid, and there was a gather-
For "The Friend."
Degeneracy.
It is cause of mourning and sorrow, to con-
sider the declension from first principles, that
lis taking place in our once highly^ favored
Society ; more especially in England, where
were first raised up those worthies who pro
(Claimed the everlasting gospel of our Lord
and Saviour Jesus Christ in its purity, after
,the long night of apostacy and ritualism, in
■which the professing church had been in-
.volved. Though there had been some ad-
vances made from Komanism before, it was
left for George Fox, and his coadjutors,
to proclaim to the world again, that pure
iSpiritual religion and worship, so abundantly
testified of by Christ and his apostles in the
New Testament. They not only proclaimed
it to others, but exemplified by their lives and
iconduct its efficacy, and showed to the world
their sincerity by suffering for their principles,
which they considered of more value than
their natural lives. Not only our first Friends,
but since their day, there has been raised up in
that land, down to but a very few years back,
those who have stood, not only in words, but
in their lives, for the same blessed cause and
principles ; and some, in a particular manner,
•warned Friends, over and over again, of what
has now come upon them there ; who, by the
spirit of prophecy beheld the degeneracy that
was coming on our Society in that country.
Of these, we may name the following devested
ministers of the gospel of latter time, who
were concerned thus to warn them : — Daniel
Wheeler, Sarah Lynes Grubb, Thomas Shilli-
toe, George and Ann Jones,' and John Barclay,
who have no doubt gone to their everlasting
rest in heaven ; and their predictions, alas !
how soon have they come to pass. The pro-
b'ut yo have not hearkened. And the Lord ling unto them of many seeking souls, who had
has sent unto you all his servants, the pro- 1 been wandering up and down, seeking the liv-
phets, rising early and sending them, but j'e|ing amongst the dead — the dead forms of an
have not hearkened nor inclined your oar to | empty profession — goingfromoue set of forms
hear." The world has made sad inroads on jto another, yet not satisfied, but burdened and
our Society, in England as well as in this groaningundertheirsins; and when they found
country ; they have ladened themselves as it lour crucified and risen Lord, and his spiritual
were with thick clay; which made the pro- (religion and worship unencumbered by forms
phet cry out formerly, "Oh! earth, earth, jand ceremonies and outward observances, as
earth, hear the word of the Lord," to some !practiced by Friends, which they had so long
in like condition. For I believe, when the sought in vain, they joined with them in up-
Lord shall turn again the captivity of Zion, [holding it before the world. So now, if the
we will be again redeemed from the earth, as
it was with the company that John saw, who
" were redeemed from the earth," or earthly
nature, and " redeemed from among men ;"
it was such as these who were permitted to
stand with the Lamb upon Mount Zion above,
with harps in their hands, and sung the new
song before the Throne. Though things look
very discouraging at this time in our So-
ciety, I still believe there will be a remnant
preserved who will not bow the knee to the
image of Baal. Though the Lord said of his
people formerly, " My people are bent to
backsliding from me ;" yet He says, " How
shall I give thee up, Ephraim ! how shall I de-
liver thee, Israel! how shall I make thee as
Admah! how shall I set thee as Zeboiml'
which shows the great mercy and compassion
of the Lord for his people formerly ; for as the
prophet said, "It is of the Lord's mercies that
we are not consumed, because His compassions
fail not ;" so wo might say now. And as the
Lord turned again the captivity of Israel for-
merly, so, I believe. He will again visit us, and
raise up Ezras and Nehemiahs, who will again
build the walls of our Zion, and set up the
gates thereof. But we must first turn unto
Him with all our hearts, and put away the
strange gods from amongst us, and serve Him
alone. That is, we must put away all of our
own inventions in religion and worship — the
same standard was again set up by Friends,
the same doctrine and testimonies faithfully
maintained, and the same everlasting gospel
proclaimed under the same authority as it
was then — there would, I have no doubt, be
a gathering again of those who are weary
with empty forms and outward performances,
" which can never make the comers there-
unto perfect." But it is not worth while for
us to endeavor to increase our numbers, or
even to retain what we have, b}- lowering the
standard of Quakerism to suit the world and
the worldly-minded professors, who want an
easier way than that cast up for the ransom-
ed and redeemed to walk in ; for there is
enough already of that kind of religion in the
world. But what is needed now is, pure spi-
ritual Christianity revived — ^that set up by
Christ himself, and practiced by the early
Christians and by faithful Friends — not the
mere will-worship of man, or the forms and
ceremonies set up in the apostacy.
J. H.
Ohio, 1st mo., 187-4.
Forests and Rainfall. — George May Powell,
chairman of the Committee on Forestry, read
the following report :
Some remarks made at the club two weeks
ago, seem to call for the following statements.
The Oriental Topographical, in the service of
198
THE FRIEND,
which I was when I wrote the letter from
Mount Lebanon (some points of which were
then discussed by the club), has no connec-
tion with the general government, nor with
the British society, its American branch or
any other of the worthy organizations doing
so much good in that Eastern field, both for
science and for Bible studj^. This corps is a
private, independent corporation. With re-
gard to the acid mulberry, granting that it
must be confined to Southern climes, and that
it is short-lived — neither of which I think is
correct — I would suggest, that as this club is
a part of the American Institute, our Southern
friends may have some interest in the matter.
The inaccuracy of the statement that the great
wiiio ijf tho grupeu gruvvn iia Lhe vicinity of
Hebron is owing entirely to the manner of
trimming, will be seen by any one examining
tho grapes grown in any other part of Asia
or Africa. In many portions of these regions
the grapevines are trimmed in precisely the
same way as there, but nowhere else are the
grapes, as far as I have seen, half as large as
these.
The statements of Dr. Smith, of the great
fertility of the soil of Palestine (specimens of
which the Oriental Topographical Corps has,
and, if the club please, will exhibit), are, I am
sure, borne out by the facts, where culture
and water are applied. The portions where
culture and water are applied are small in
comparison with the whole country, but they
are rapidly increasing both in size and num-
ber. In relation to trees promoting rainfall,
permit me respectfully to submit a few of the
bewildering number of "stubborn facts" on
this head. Palestine, portions of Europe
drained by the Elbe, and of this State drain
ed by the Hudson, and also portions of the
Ohio Valley have been deforested. The Jor-
dan is four feet lower than in the time of
Josephus. The Elbe is ten feet lower than
when its banks were clothed with trees. Dry
cultivated lands are in the former beds of
perenial trout streams in the Adirondacks,
and the length of the season of navigation of
the Ohio is not only reduced one-half, but that
half is available only for boats of half the size
of twenty-five years ago. On the other hand,
the French in Algeria, and the Austrians and
Egyptians in iwrtions of their countries, have
vigorously pursued a tree planting policy, and
in each of these lands several raiuy days have
been added to the year. By the same policy
in Utah, Salt Lake has been raised seven feet,
and the streams greatly increased in volume!
Humboldt significantly calls attention to tho
same classes of facts noticed in his travels.
Turning from facts to philosophy, it would
certainly seem probable that trees would pro-
mote the good effects of rainfall by their roots
loosening the soil, so that, like a sponge, it
should absorb the rain, preventing its sudden
plunge into the streams, causing freshets, and
retaining it to prevent droughts; the roots
alsoclasping the soil and preventing its bein^r
carried to the streams to impoverish the hills!
The trees in turn, through their leaves, grad-
ually pump back the moisture into the air,
and by their cooling influence on the air help
to compress the aerial sponge, bringing the
moisture down again, and by this double
action regulate the rainfall, as the governor
regulates^the steam-engine. The experiments
the air in a given area, where there are for-
ests, than the rainfall itself, showing that the
deep fountains of the streams are thus made
to subserve the distribution of the life-giving
water.
The general opinions expressed on this sub-
ject coincide, in the main, with those put forth
by Mr. Powell. All agreed that trees, whether
forest or fruit, tended to promote the fertility
of the soil on which they grew. Some, how-
ever, said that corn was quite as effective as
trees in regulating the rainfall, and they ex
pressed a decided preference for its cultiva
tion.
Selected
It is a eireumstanoe worthy of observation,
that the Discipline of our Society, can never
be faithfully administered, where the peculiar
testimonies are not strictly maintained. A
neglect of any one of these testimonies,
whether it be as regards plainness in dress,
address, or manner of living ; the known scru-
ple of Friends against war, oaths, an hireling
ministry; moderation in trade and business,
or the due attendance of our meetings for Di-
vine worship, necessarily disqualifies a person
for laboring to reclaim' those who may have
violated the rules of the Society in other par-
ticulars. Hence it becomes highly important,
that all those who are actively engaged in the
affairs of tho church, should exercise a watch-
ful care over their own conduct, and that of
their families— that, as far as lies in their
power, no occasion of reproach maybe brought
upon the high profession we make of being
the self-denying followers of Jesus Christ.
And as we believe the Discipline to have been
instituted in the wisdom and under the guid-
ance of the Holy Spirit, and founded upon the
restoring love of the Gospel, so nothing short
of this influence of a degree of the same Divine
Spirit, can qualify for duly administering it.
Birds and their Food.
THE VORACITY OF INSECT LIFE.
Some interesting information relating to
the ravages of insects, was given says the
London Times, by C. O. Groom Napier, to the
House of Commons Committee of last session
on the protection of wild birds. In 1782 the
caterpillars of the brown-tail moth were so
numerous as to defoliate the trees of a very
large part of the south of England. The
alarm was so great that public prayers were
offered in the churches that the calamity
might be stayed. The poor were paid one
shilling per bushel for collecting caterpillar's
webs, to be burnt under the inspection of the
overseers of the parish ; and fourscore bushels
were collected daily in some parishes. The
brown-tail moth is a beautiful little white in-
sect, about an inch in expanse of wings. C.
Napier noticed that in 1853 it defoliated about
20 feet of a hedge near Parkstone, Poole ; and
in 1855 the caterpillars riddled and deprived
of their leaves two plum trees in his garden
at Lewes, one of which died. The caterpil-
lar of the gamma moth is one of the most in-
jurious to garden plants; it principally feeds
at night, and, concealing itself by day, is un-
perceived. The gamma moth overran France
about a century ago, and devoured a very
large proportion of the crops, but fortunately,
of"Von P,.ttin^^7 — o--- --"- --M--'""cuuB the corn was not attacked. The antler moth
VrloU hof ^^ f ''°'* other German and is sometimes extremely destructive to crrass
thus Dumn r:t'' ?'°'°T'™*' p'^""'^' ^'^"^'^^ "-"P^- ^'- N'^P'^'- ''^^^ '^^ ^^^^'^^ns of these
thus pump a greater volume of moisture into I on tho Wrekin, and in the following summer
the grass of that mountain was in a miserab
state. The lackej- moth is very destructii
to filbert plantations, cherry orchards, ai
other tree plantations. The buff tip, the ea
bage moth, and the small ermines are vei
destructive to the leaves of fruit trees ar
garden shrubs.
But, on the other hand, the ben-efits derive
from the labor of some insects should not I
overlooked ; some species feed only on noxioi
weeds, and others prey on still more noxioi
insects. One of the greatest friends of tl
agriculturist is the family of ichneumon flie
which lay their eggs in living caterpillars, i
which they are hatched, thus destroyin
tbera ; although the caterpillar, after bein
" ichneumon," has still a voracious appetit
The caterpillars which feed on the cabbag
eat twice their weight in a day ; the larva (
some of the fleck flies eat a much larger pn
portion than this. The productive powers (
insects vary very much. Some lay only tw
eggs ; others, such as the white ant, 40,000
000, laying them at the rate of 60 a minut
The queen of the hive bee is capable of la;|
ing 50,000 in a season ; the female wasp 30
000. The majority of insects, however, la
but about 100 ; in general, the larger the ir
sect, the fewer eggs it lays. Most insect
have two generations in the year ; some hav
20 ; others take seven years from the tim
the egg is laid until their natural death in
perfect state. But probably not above fiv
per cent, of the eggs laid become perfec
insects.
Of his kind the daddy-long-legs is one c
the most destructive, especially in France ; i
feeds on tho roots of grass, and C. Napie
in 1859 noticed meadows in La Manche de
vastated by it. The starling is a bird moe
useful in destroying these larvse, and those c
the horse and cattle flies. The orthopterou
insects, of which the locust, grasshopper am
cockchafer are examples, are very destructivt
The numerous species of grasshoppers lessei
the amount of our grass crops. Locust ar
seldom found in England now in sufHcien
numbers to do any damage, but they hav
done considerable damage here in forme
generations. Their greatest enemies are th(
starling and the rose-colored pastor, whicl
follow them in flocks and decapitate them b]
hundreds. The beetles are immensely numer f
ous, as regards species. In 1574 the cock
chafers gathered in such numbers on th<
banks of the Severn as to prevent the work
ing of the watermills. On another occasion
n Galway, they formed a black cloud th:i
darkened the sky for the distance of a league
and destroyed the vegetation so completeh
that summer seemed turned into winter ,
They made a noise resembling the sawing o,|
wood. The people, threatened with famine"
vvere obliged to devour them. In 1804 the}
were alarmingly numerous in Switzerland
The female lays about 30 eggs; in six week:
they are hatched. They live from three t(
four years in the larvaj state. The first yeai
they do not do a great amount of damage .f
but in the second year they attack the rootf '
of ■all plants within their reach. They often
ruin the crops of corn, lucerne, strawberries.
and various plants on which man depends foi
food. Our insectiverous birds are diligent in
destroying the larva? of insects, but they willj
not do all that is required ; hand labor is also
needed. C. Napier is of opinion that the
extensive diffusion of information on the
TMiU U'KiiJJJNJJ.
199
bits and means of destroying our more
xious insects -would be the means of saving
llions of pounds' wortii of valuable food
3ry year. Ho says that in the United
lies the importance of this subject is felt,
i almost every State has a government en-
nologist, whose business it is to make in-
jctioDS and reports of the ravages of insects,
i show the remedy. In France, govern-
nt returns wore published, from which it
peared that the damage done in Normandy
the cockchafer alone amounted to 25,000,-
) francs. A law was passed in Franco a
7 years since for the protection of birds,
t, however, that all birds are to be wel-
ned ; the sparrow does more harm than
)d, by feeding so much on green crops, and
wood-pigeon does much mischief. But,
the whole, C. Napier is certain birds do
reat deal more good than harm. — Late
per. ^^^^^^
Selected.
i sister of the family of Penn, in Bucking-
nshire, a young woman delighting in the
sry and pleasures of the world, was seized
,h a violent illness which proved mortal to
In the time of her sickness she fell into
at distress of soul, bitterly bewailing the
Dt of that inward peace which makes a
th-bed easy to the righteous. After several
8 languishing, a little consolation appeared
>r this manner. She was some hours in a
d of trance; in which she apprehended she
i brought into a place where Christ was;
ifhom if she could deliver her petition, she
ed to be i-elieved. But her endeavors in-
ased her pain ; for as she pressed to deliver,
e turned his back upon her," and would
so much as look toward her. What added
ler sorrow, was, " that she beheld others
litted." However, she gave not over im-
tuuing Him ; and when almost ready to
t, and her hope to sink, " He turned one
of his face towards her, and reached forth
hand, and received her request: at which
troubled soul found immediate consola-
" Turning to those about her, she re-
ted what had befallen her; adding, "Bring
my new clothes ; take otf the lace and
ry ;" and charged her relations, ''Not to
I and adorn themselves after the manner
36 world ; for that the Lord Jesus, whom
had seen, appeared to her in the likeness
plain country man, without any trimming
rnament whatever ; and that his servants
ht to be like Him." — Ko Cross JVo Crown.
Underground Railway in London.
he Metropolitan Underground Eailway
'Ondon is situated on the north side of the
r Thames, and consists of a main line with
irai branches. What may be termed the
a line, and which will be sufficient to give
l,n idea of the whole system, will, when
>pleted, form an irregular oval, commenc-
at the Tower, following up the river be-
ih the new "Thames Embankment," as
J 8 the Houses of Parliament, thence inland
ensington, curving north through Ken-
Cton by Pembroke square to Paddington,
ce along the north'side of the city, through
Marj-lebone road by King's Cross and
ihfield, back through the city proper to
ft place of beginning, being in the neigh-
•0 cod of fourteen miles long, and touching
rt le principal railway depots in the city.
tt oes not follow the streets, cuts through
^ blocks in every direction, and generally
passes beneath the gas and water pipes and
sewers. The great Fleet-ditch, one of the
largest sowers in London, is cari'ied across in
a wrought-iron duct resembling a tubular
bridge, at oneof the open cuttings near King's
Cross.
As to construction, the road is for the most
part in a tunnel, the open cuttings averaging
less than one-third of tho distance. The ex-
cavations are described as being mostly in
claj-, with occasional veins of sand and gravel.
The tunnel is solidly built of brick in the
shape of "a horseshoe," with an average width
of twenty-eight feet, and is nowhere less than
15i feet high. The foundations are laid in
concrete, and the haunches of arch carried up
with same material to nearly tho level of the
crown, tho whole top of the tunnel and
haunches being covered with a layer of asphalt
one and a hall' inches thick, to render the arch
water-proof, and any water that may collect
thereon is carried by an earthen pipe 4 inches
in diameter to the drain beneath tho road-
bed. Tho open cuttings average twcntj'-five
feet in width, and are generally about fifteen
feet below the surface, the sides of which are
kept in place by " retaining walls," built up
on a batter of about one inch to the foot to
the surface, upon which are erected parapet
walls nine feet in lieight. In some places
these open cuts are covered, as in passing
under a street or building, in which case the
side projections are carried up to receive cast-
iron girders, on which arches of brick are built
from one to another, and filled in with brick-
work or concrete, over which lays the mate-
rial and pavement of streets. When passing
close under buildings, wrought-iron girders
are used.
Double tracks are laid throughout, and
trains run both ways every five minutes. The
locomotives are small and compact, emitting
neither smoke nor steam, and burn coke.
The carriages are lighted with gas, and are
built with compartments in the usual Euro-
pean style, with doors at the sides, allowing
the rapid exit and entrance of passengers,
which, notwithstanding their other faults, is
a great consideration in their favor for rapid
city transit. The ventilation of tho tunnel is
stated as being "very far from perfect" and
" often oppressive," but it does not appear to
affect tho passengers or employes, although
two persons died on this road in 1867, but in
neither case did the coroner's inquest refer
the cause directly to want of ventilation.
The gross cost of construction and right of
way amounts to about S2, 900,000 per mile, in
currency, and has proved a financial failure,
although at one time supposed otherwise. —
Late Paper.
Walking in the Spirit.
Whosoever will be a followerof Christ must
first learn to deny himself. We must turn
from whatsoever the eternal light in our own
hearts shows us to be selfish, though it may
seem never so much to our disadvantage ; and
by denying ourselves wo shall abundantly
deny the author of all evil motions.
Pride, pleasure and unrighteous gain, are
baits that have caught man}' ; all which, with
many other things, we must deny and turn
from if we will be followers of Christ in a
ighteous life; and by such denials wo shall
find the root of iniquity wither, and grace
grow ; sinful motions will diminish, and heaven-
ly desires increase ; the small seed will be-
come the tallest herb, and the lump come to
be one in nature with the leaven.
But this denial must bo whilst tho cocka-
trice is yet in the shell ; whilst sin is in the
motion, before it comes to action ; for sinful
motions may be turned from, but sinful ac-
tions are past recall. And what can show us
the rising of evil motions ? Preachers cannot;
books cannot; nothing that is without can
eflfectuallj' show us what is within ; it must
be an inward light; it must be the candle of
the Lord, the eternal Spirit that was in tho
beginning given unto man for an instructor.
There were in the creation good men, faith-
ful men, self-denying men, when there were
no preachers, nor books, that we read of: and
who was their teacher but the eternal Spirit ?
What guide had they but the light of right-
eousness in their own hearts? And did our
present preachers make it their' concern to
turn people's minds to eye this inward guide,
and to become faithful followers thereof, wo
should have more good men, faithful men, and
self denying men, than can now bo found.
Men or angels could not give better advice
to a people that was turned to this inward
light than Paul gave to the Galatians, when
he exhorted them to "Walk in tho Spirit;"
for if we are not guided by a right spirit we
can never lead a righteous life. — Hugh Tut-
ford.
THE FRIEND.
SECOND MONTH 7. 1874.
When setting out on the voyage of life, wo
are ])rone to think that we can command, all
tho order and discipline necessary for en-
countering the storms that may arise, or for
bearing up against the adverse galos that may
cross our course. Ignorant of the serious na-
ture of tho responsibilities resting upon us,
and that all our capacious powers include no
one that can, of itself, guide us to the know-
ledge of ourselves, or of Him whom to know
is eternal life, what would become of us were
it not that He " whose way is in the sea, and
whose footsteps are not known," cares for us
with a father's love, and ofi'ers to be our guar-
dian and guide, so that bj' obeying his direc-
tions, our false notions may be corrected, the
fallen spirit transformed, and the newly cre-
ated man staid in perfect peace upon Him.
This wondrous work, this miraculous change,
if witnessed, must be carried on between tho
soul that has sinned, and Him who not only
made it, but who lias provided tho means
whereby it may escape from the guilt and
power of sin, and, being born again, know
what it is to grow from a babe to a strong
man in Christ Jesus.
All are called to perfect holiness in the fear
of the Lord. Tho command to all is " Be ye
holy in all manner of conversation." When
the true Light shineth in the heart, as in a
dark jilace, how quickly are we made sensible,
that, highly gifted in natural talents as we
may be, they give us not tho capacity to
fathom tho corruption of tho unregenerate
heart, nor to detect all the temptations con-
genial to our evil propensities, nor to foresee
the consequences that will follow yielding to
them. Experience also soon teaches us wo have
not tho innate power to extricate ourselves
from the force of temptation assailing our frail
nature ; much less to perfect holiness in tho
200
THE FRIEND.
fear of the Lord. But the religion of Christ
is adapted to meet all the needs of humanity,
and all the exigencies of life. While it pro-
vides for the forgiveness of the past sins of
the repentant sinner, and reconciliation of the
contrite soul to its justly oftonded Creator, it
includes its purification by the washing of re-
generation and the renewing of the Holy
Ghost; which as it is submitted to, renders
it susceptible to the enjoyment of that peace
which passeth understanding, while at the
same time, it "receives new faculties ; or learns
at least more worthily to employ the powers
it owned before," so as to appropriate with a
keener zest the beauties of the outward crea-
tion.
The outpouring of the Holy Spirit upon all
flesh [all mankind], and thus placing the di-
vine law in the hearts of all ; foretold by the
prophet Joel as characterizing these last days,
or the gospel dispensation, is therefore an
" unspeakable gift." For it is by obedience to
this law of the Spirit of Life in Christ Jesus,
that any are set free from the law of sin and
death, which, through transgression, reigns
in the natural man. Nothing then can be
trivial or unimportant that contravenes this
divine law.
If we are sincere in the prayer, " Thy will
be done on earth, as it is done in heaven,"
that will must be done by us in all things.
To have ready access to a knowledge of that
will, we must se_ek to Him to communicate it
by his Spirit to the soul, in its specific require-
ments; to point out how it is to be done, and
to furnish the ability to perform it. The apos-
tle, addressing the Elders of Ephesus, says:
" I commend you to God and to the word of his
grace, which is able to build you up and to
give you an inheritance among all them which
are sanctified." This is the gospel preached in
every soul, and is the power of God unto sal-
vation to every one that believes, whereby
"the righteousness of God is revealed from
faith to faith." It is by obedience to this
word of Divine Grace, that the law in our
members that opposes this law of the Spirit
of Life, in order to keep the soul or to bring
it into the captivity of sin, is overcome, and
we introduced into the glorious liberty of the
children of God.
How truly does the apostle, in describing
the struggle for supremacy between these two
laws, express the almost despairing feeling of
the newly enlisted disciple, still feeling the
strength of the law in his members, but learn-
ing to take up the daily cross and follow his
crucified Lord as He is manifested within :
" O wretched man that I am, who shall deliver
me from the bod}^ of this death !" But if obe-
dience is yielded as knowledge is received, the
victory is sure, and the soul enabled, through
living experience, to return thanks therefor
through Jesus Christ, who proves himself a
perfect Saviour both by his work without
us and his work within.
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
Foreign. — The elections for members of Parli.Tment
are progressing in England amid much excitement. In
56 elections held last week, the (Conservatives retnrned
31 members and the Liberals 25. Glailstone, Bright
and others, are addressing large meetings. Both Lib-
erals and Conservatives .seem crinfident of success.
The weekly retnrn of metro|)olitan pauperism shows
that the total number of paupers in London at the end
of the first week in 1874, was 105,795, of whom ,3ti,2^fi
were in workhouses, and b9,5fl9 were in the receipt of
out-door relief. Compared with the corresponding
weeks in the years 1873, 1872 and 1871, these figures
show a decrease of 4056, 16,852 and 44,.581 respectively.
The receipts of tea in Great Britain have steadily
fallen otf during the last three years, although the con-
sumption has increased. The decrease has been in the
trade in tea with the continent of Europe, whose buyers
are now making direct shipments from China. The
consumption in tlie United Kingdom in 1871 amounted
to 123,500,000 pounds; in 1872 it increased to 127 ,750,-
000 pounds, and in 1873 reached 132,000,000 pounds.
While the e-xpress passenger train fromEdinburg for
Glasgow was running at great speed, it came into col-
lision with another train. Several of the cars were de-
molished, sixteen persons instantly killed, and many
others received severe injuries.
London, 2d mo. 2d. — The rate of interest at the Stock
Exchange on government securities is 3 per cent.
Liverpool. — The markets for cotton and breadstuffs
quiet and unchanged.
In Alsace the French candidates for the Reichstag
have been elected by large majorities. A profound
sensation has been caused at Versailles by articles in
the North German Gazette, urging restrictions on the
freedom of the Church and Ultramontane press in
France and Belgium.
A special dispatch from Berlin to the Post says, the
Shah has made an explanation to the foreign Powers
regarding the annulment of the concessions to Baron
Renter. He says responses to inquiries made while lie
was in p^urope led him to believe that the undertaking
would not receive the necessary financial support, and
therefore the six months' grace which was urgently re-
quested before the commencement of the work was re-
fused.
Information h.as been received from the Gold Coast
that the British forces had penetrated about thirteen
miles beyond the river Prah. A large number of the
troops who were disabled by sickness, have been sent
back to England.
The cholera has broken out in Acheen. It is rumored
that the Sultan has died of it and that the war is virtu
ally over.
Tlie reported successes of the Carlists in the north of
Spain are denied at Madrid.
The diplomatic representatives of Spain have been
provisionally recalled from Berlin, Vienna and other
European capitals.
A Constantinople dispatch of the 2nd says, a fire in
this city last night destroyed over a hundred houses,
including the residence of the Grand Vizier.
Herr Brenan, the German explorer of Africa, in a
letter to Dr. Peterman, of Gotlia, dated at Zanzibar,
says Dr. Livingstone died on August 15th. This date
differs from that of the previous report ; but all doubt
has been set ,it rest by an official dispatch received by
the government to-day from Zanzibar.
The dispatch says, circumstantially, that Livingstone
died in Lobesa after crossing the marshes, with tlie
water at one time for three days consecutively above
his waist. The sufferings of his whole party were ter-
rible, and ten of them died in consequence. The mem-
bers of the Cameron expedition were suffering from
fever and opthalmia, but would await the arrival of the
Doctor's remains and bring them to Ujiji. From the
latter place they would be taken to Zanzibar, where
they will arrive probably next month.
United States. — The Public Debt amounted on the
first inst., less cash in the Treasury, to $2,157,470,114,
which is $1,845,211 less than it was a month previous.
There were 518 deaths in New York city last week.
The interments in Philadelphia from the 24th to the
31st ult., were 276 in number, including S3 children
under two years of age. There were 43 deaths of con-
sumption and 19 inflammation of the lungs.
The mean temperature of the First month, by the
Pennsylvania Hospital record, was ;B7.03 deg., the
highest during the month 65.50, and the lowest 11 deg.
The rainfall 4.21 inches. The average of the mean
tempenature of the First month, for the past 85 years,
is stated to be 31.40 deg., the highest mean in that en-
tire period occurred in 1790, and was 44 deg., the lowest
was in 18.57, 22.37 deg.
The weather was intensely cold last week in Canada
and portions of the north-eastern States, the tempera-
ture at times ranging from zero to 48 deg. below, in
some situations.
On the 29th ult. a large edifice, on Market street be-
tween 12lh and 13th streets, Philadelphia, known as
the Olympic Theatre, was destroyed by fire, together
with some of the adjoining property. Total loss about
$200,000.
The sugar crop of Louisiana is estimated for this
season at 100,000 hogsheads, last years crop having
yielded 108,520 hogsheads.
The Board of Indian Commissions, in their fifth ai
nual report to the President, express satisfaction wit
the encouraging results of the peace policy of the go'
ernment in its management of Indian affairs. Witj
partial and unimportant exceptions, the policy has bee'
followed by peace since 1868. The temper of the L
dians has, they believe, so improved under this trea
ment that they will soon be submissive to all reasoi.
able requirements. Several of the wild tribes aii
soliciting schools and appliances of civilization, an
others ask for reservations.
The Markets, &c. — The following were the quotatioi ;
on the 2nd inst. New York. — American gold. 111,
U. S. .sixes, 1881, 117| a 118|; ditto, 1867, 117f ; ditt
10-40 5 per cents, llOJr. Superfine flour, $5.90 a $6.2(
State extra, $6.55 a *6.85 ; finer brands, $7 a $11. N
1 Chicago spring wheat, $1.60 ; No. 2 do., $1.54 a $1.5' ,
red western, $1.65 ; amber do., $1.70; white Michigai
$1.94. Oats, 60 a 64 cts. Western mixed corn, 82
85 cts. ; yellow, 86 a 87 cts. Philadelphia. — Uplanc
and New Orleans cotton, 16 a 17 cts. Superfine flou
$5 a S5.50 ; extras, $6 a $6.65 ; finer brands, t7 a $10.5
Red wheat, $1.60 a $1.65; amber, $1.68 a $1.7i
white, $1.80 a $1.85. Rye, 96 cts. New yellow cor
78 a 81 cts. ; white, 85 cts. " Oats, 55 a 64 cts. Lar
9J a 10 cts. Clover seed, 8i a 9 cts. Beef cattle we
in demand and higher. Sales of 2000 head at 7J a '
cts. per lb. gross for extra; 6 a 7 cts., for fair to goc
and 4 a 5^ cts. for common. Sheep sold at 5 a 7J c
per lb. gross and hogs at $9.25 a $9.50 per 100 lb. n
Baltimore. — Yellow corn, 76 cts. ; white, 80 a 83 c
Oats, 50 and 56 cts. Wheat, $1.75 a $1.78. Chica.
—No. 1 spring wheat, $1.24; No. 2 do., $1.20; No
do., $1.15. No. 2 mixed corn, 58| cts. Oats, 43 c
Rye, 80 a 82 cts. Spring barley, $2 a $2.05. St. Loi
—No. 2 winter red wheat, $1.67 a $1.70 ; No. 2 sprii,
$1.25. Corn, 61 a 61J cts. Oats, 46 j cts. Spri;.
barley, $1.75. Rye, 85 cts. Lard, 8f cts. Cincinnc.
—Wheat, $1.45 a $1.48. Corn, 68 a 61 cts. Oats, i
a 54 cts. Lard, 9 a 9} cts.
WANTED.
Superintendent and Matron for Emlen Institutic
for benefit of boys of African and Indian desce-. '
Farm in Bucks county. Pa.: a good practical farm,
and wife, a tidy managing housekeeper, both qualif I
for the proper training of youth for usefulness on ea i
and a preparation for heaven. Address,
Israel H. Johnson, No. 16 North Seventh St. J
Thos. Stewardson, Jr., cor. Mill and Chew li
Germantown, Philadelphia. '
1st mo. 27th, 1874.
" The Germantswn Employment Society forWom< '
has for sale, at a low price, a large supply of substan' 1
clothing for men, women and children, suitable to .sd
to the Freedmen and Indi.ans. To those purchapj
to the amount of $20 or over, we will make a reduei i
of 10 per cent. Application may be made to
Sarah Ann Matlack, corner of Shoemakers Le
and Wakefield St. ; or,
Martha H. Garrett, corner of Green and Cou r
streets.
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
As the stations of Superintendent and Matron of U
Institution are expected to be vacated at the close of e
Winter Session, in the 4th month next. Friends ^0!
may feel drawn to undertake the duties attached oi
them, are requested to communicate thereon with eit t
of the following named members of the Committee.
Nathaniel N. Stokes, Cinnaminson Post-oflS)
Burlington Co., N. J.
Charles Evans, No. 702 Race St., Philadelpl ■
Deborah Rhoiids, Haddonfield, N. J.
Rebecca S. Allen, No. 335 S. Fifth St., Phil:i.
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE
Near Frankford, {Twenty-third Ward,) Philadetph
Physician and Superintendent — Joshua H. Woe t-
INGTON, M. D.
Applications for the Admission of Patients ma; le
m.ade to the Superintendent, or to any of the Boarjf
Managers.
Died, at his residence, near Trenton, NewJerfi
11th mo. 11th, 1873, Samuel Ellis Decod, a mensr
of Chesterfield Monthly Meeting, in the 62d year of is
age.
wYlli am" H.' PILE, printer!
No. 422 Walnut Street.
I THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY .lOURNAL.
VOL. XLVII.
SEVENTH-DAY, SECOND MONTH 14, 1874.
NO. 26.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
ice Two Dollars per .•inmini, if paid in advance. Two
dollars and fifty cents, if not paid in advance.
Snbscriptions and Payraenta received by
JOHN S. STOKES,
4T NO. 116 XORTH FOURTH STREET, Uf STAIRS,
PHILADELPHIA.
Iltage, when paid (|narterly in advance, five cent.*.
For " The Friend."
eeount of Refcnt Arivfntiirps and Suffering in
llie Arctic Regions.
An aceonnt entitled "Two Trngedies in
le Arctic Regions," has lately appeiifed in
le French journal, La Nature, whicii, beside
3 intrinsic interest, contains so instructive a
oral, that it has lieen thonc;ht well to trans-
te it for the readers of " The Friend." It
I rii^ht to state that some passages have been
'isrhtly alti-red, and soine, deseribinfj details
;i vi-rj- dreadful character, altOijether sup-
■e>^ed ; the account is substantially as fol-
Tlio Historical Society of Paris owes to
e I'rench Consul at Christiania, and to the
.inister of Foreiijn Affairs, a detailed recital
• two tragedies, one of which has been briefly
iprnduced in Tht Official Journal, ti\ktii\ from
.^rwegian papers, the other is almost un-
lown in France. The two caiastrophes
I niniistrate once more how vain have been
ii.' hopes of the geographers, who thought
1 tiiid, through the Arctic ice, ready coniniu
1 ation between the two continents, and the
In great oceans of our globe ; and also how
i-uHicient of theinselves are the well ap-
lintcd houses of refuge which have been
' ul'lished in the far north for the shelter of
^ I'li-s obliged to winter there.
The .Norwegian vessel, "The Freya," was.
i 1872, one of those strong fishing vessels
' lich Norway sends every year in ])ursuii of
uls and walrus among the icebergs of the
) le. Her commander. Captain Tobiesen, had
iide a good voyage, and was preparing to
I urn to Norway, when, at the end of the
iliith month, contrary to expectation, he
find himself entangled in ice on the north
list of Nova Z' mbla. After vain attempts
t break the ice or discover a passage through
i Cnptain Tobiesen informed his crew that
I -y must resign themselves to go into winter
I- irtirs: this proposition was the more alarm
i ; as it involved a residence of nearly nine
1 lUhs in a country without resources, in
' ' rnidsi of the solitude and darkness of the
I ar night, with the apprehension that the
e (I, .ilready excessive in the middle of autumn,
tild not tail to become fearful in the winter.
( e truly alarming feature of the situation ;
^ 8 the absence of the food necessary for such '
I
a sojourn, for they were only provisioned fiir
the voyage ol' 1S72, and it Mas unheard of
that the sea should be closed before the last
days of the I'lDth month. 1 hey took an ac
count of their stock and found on close calcu-
lation that it wa.s insufficient for the crew,
which was composed of eleven men, there
being only lood enougii fuv tiuir or five per-
sons even were the rations distributed with
the most parsimonious economy. Toattetnpt
to keep all together was to devote the crew
to certain death, seven sailors, therefore, de-
cided to quit the ship, taking with them a sail-
boat, some boxes of matches, two guns, a
small supply of powder and lead, a compass,
a spyglass, fourteen biscuits, some tea and
molasses, enough bears' meat for one meal,
one sauce pan, one pot, and a hatchet. With
this meagre provision tijey undertook their
journej', leaving on board Captain Tobiesen,
his son, the first mate and the cook.
The seven sailors at first dragged their boat
on the ice for several leat;ues and set it afloat
in an open passage, turning the head towards
the south in the hope of either meeting a ship
or of reaehincr the Waigatz Islands, where
they were almost certain, of finding at least
an eiM>ampment of the Samoiades. Their eat-
ables were soon exhausted, a bear and some
seals which they succeeded in killing, furnish
ed tliem with insufHcient nourishment during
theii- voyage ; the sea became more and more
rough, the wind more violent, and the cold
greater. They proceeded thus for about three
weeks, when they descried land and two small
houses thereon, these they eagerly entered
hoping to find there some provisions, but their
hope was disap])oinled ; the houses were de-
serted and Completely empty : they had be-
longed to two Russians who had lately aban-
doned them. TheNorwegiaussoon recognized
that they were on Goose Island. Meanwhile
the journc}- which they had just made under
such trying circumstances had reduced them
to su'di a state of disease and fatigue that
they resolved to stay in this poor shelter, it
it was only long enough to reestablish their
strength ; all had swollen feet, and some frozen
extremities.
The two most healthy took their guns and
went out to hunt, while their comrades pro-
ceeded to make some preparation lor their
aceomm<idation, they were so happy as to
kill a seal, two blue foxes, and four reindeer,
but the game soon became alarmed and could
no longer be found, it was therefore impossi-
ble to prolong their stay in this inhosjiitable
spot. The Russians had left a little sledge,
which was more useful than the boat, because
they could proceed along the shore towards
the south on the sea, which was frozen to a
considerable distance from the coast.
After three weeks of comjiarative repose,
they placed all their utensils in the sledge, to
which they harnessed the men who did not
carry guns, and thus followed the line of the
coast, always hoping to reach the Waigatz
Islands. Tin-; second journey on foot was as
sutt'ring as tlie voyage in the boat, the cold
was extreme, and blinding snowstorms caused
them to lose their vvay. In one of these storms
tlie two hunters disappeared, and with them
the hope of the little provision which so far
they had been able to obtain. They reflected
upon their situation with alarm. What should
they do? Should they pursue their journey
with almost the certainty of perishing with
hunger? Or, should they return to the aban-
doned houses, there to encounter prolonged
sufferings? In their distress they resolved to
cast lots: the lot decided that they should
continue their journey. Thi\' had still some
food which they economized as much as pos-
sible, and proceeded on their way slowl}' and
painfully. At night they dug holes in the
snow in which to sleep, one of their number
always mounting guard at the mouth of the
hole, both to keep off' the bears and to prevent
the snow so accumulating as to break in tha
I'oof of the cavern, and so smother the, poor
fellows to whom it offered so miserable a shel-
ter, and also to arouse the sleepers who would
otherwise have died in their stupor.
On the sixth night one of them died, — the
others, exhausted, scarcely able to resist the
tendencj- to sleep, famished and sick, aban-
doned their sledge and almost all their uten-
sils, to drag on a little further. In this way
th-y made fourteen miles in two days; all
seemed over, when they discovered a pile of
wood and tracks of a sledge, which the snow
had not yet effaced. Were there men then
in the vicinity? Hope electrified the unhappy
travellers, who were reduced almost to the
condition of corpses, and they dragged them-
selves with renewed energy along the track,
which extended fouror five leagues, and finally
reached a cabin inhabited by Samoiades, on
the southern extremity of Goose Island, at a
spot called Gansenonos. The inhabitants of
the cabin received them with every evidence
of the liveliest cominiseration ; they were
seven in number, three men, three women,
and a young boy. This little group adminis-
tered to the needs of the unhappy Norwegians
with so much tenderness as to restore them
to their feet.
The camp of the Samoiades was well sup-
plied with provisions of all sorts, and particu-
larlj" with reindeer flesh, flour, tea and sugar.
The}' possessed two old flint-lock guns, which
the}' used very skilfully, and they used in
hunting not only the sledges whose tracks
had been the means of saving the nearly dying
sailors, but also small light boats which were
very useful in the pursuit of seals. Here the
Norwegians passed the rest of the winter,
hunting with their hosts, when the weather
permitted, and amusing themselves with games
in the cabin when they could not go out. This
healthful regimen completely re-established
the strength of all with the exception of one
man, who having been badly frost bitten re-
mained in bed the whole winter.
202
THE FRIEND.
In the Third month, their tirevvood being
exhausted, they deserted their cabin and used
the materials for fuel, substituting for it a tent
of reindeer skin. The Samoiades, never passed
a day without taking exercise in the open air,
they were also in the practice of drinking the
warm blood of the animals they killed, and
by these habits they were preserved from
scurvy. In man}' particulars their character
was that of savages, their intellects dull, and
their temper suspicious. They had been under
the care of Russian priests, whose language
they spoke, but their views on religious sub-
jects seemed very different from the principles
of Christianity; if they failed in killing im-
portant game, they fired a shot at the sun to
make the Deity more favorable to them on
another occasion. They frequently quarrelled,
but never furgot the courtesy which they
owed to their guests ; they neglected no effort
to find the body of the man who had died on
the way, that they might bury it, but their
efforts were unsuccessful.
CTo be continued.)
For '-The Frifnd."
Jobn Heald.
(Continued from page 194.)
" 8th mo. 23d. At Limington, a large meet-
ing collected, mostlj' not of our Society. We
were preciously favored, though in the fore-
part it felt to nie that the strength of desire
in the minds of the people was to hear words,
and my mouth was shut for a time. Way
opened to show that it was our duty individu-
ally to worship God, that we could not do this
one for another. Could wo call an attention
to preaching, worship ? Was it reasonable to
suppose that the hearing of words is perform-
ing acceptable worship, when we consider that
the Lord seeth not as man seeth; man looketh
at the outward appearance, but the Lord
looketh at the heart ?
The communication was impressive and had
place with them, and I felt thankful for the
favor."
At Parsonsfield, on the 24th, John Heald
was again exercised on the same subject, and
pressed upon his hearers the need there was
for each one to labor for himself in religious
meetings. That worship could not be per-
formed through the medium of the ear ; and
that one cannot worship for another.
'•30th, First-day. We went in the afternoon
to South Sandwich, where was a great collec-
tion of people of various descriptions. A
weight of exercise lay on my mind, which I
sat under for some time. Men of note and
distinction were present, and way opening I
went on to show that my concern was to do
my duty and no more, so that I might have
a conscience void of offence toward God. It
was suitable and necessary that we should
know what was required, and attend to doing
it, but our own will should be brought into
subjection to the Divine will. Wo niio-ht
learn a form of words which we might use in
prayer, but our hearts might not feel them.
We may have learned that excellent ])rayer
taught by our Lord to His disciples, so as to
repeat it very correctly, and say : 'Our Father
who art in heaven, hallowed bo thj' name, thy
kingdom come, thy will be done' — when this
act may be done in the creaturely will. Here
is asking for His will to bo done in doing our
own will, and our will done and not His ! Yet
the soul that is humbled and fools what it
stands in need of, finds words that are under
stood by Him, to whom intercession is rightly
made, and who delights to be called on in sin-
cerity ; and is graciously pleased to hear and
grant the humble, breathing intercession made
according to His will.
9th.mo. 2d. My confidence is low and my
mind humble. O how can I stand before the
people, while I feel so poor and weak ! Think
on me, O my God. The meeting [at Gilming-
ton] was attended by a considerable number
of people of different appearances. The pub-
lie exercise was very trying, because that
which I delivered seemed to have little or no
entrance in their minds. I expressed sym-
pathy with a discouraged state, which dis-
couragement I apprehended was increased by
the unfaithfulness of some who made a high
profession.
4th. At Concord, Xew Hampshire, I felt
very great weakness, seeming as if I cou
scarcely hold up my head, but before the close
of the meeting I felt a little strength revived
and I dropped a few expressions in regard to
the profitableness of humility. At our lod
ing a very precious opportunity took place
with a considerable number of young people
In it, I felt a renewal of strength and coufi
donee. Thankfulness tilled my heart for the
favor.
6th. At Weare, I set forth the privilege of
free Gospel ministry ; that as I did not look
to man for pay or applause, I was not bound
on that ground to deviate to please or dis-
please, as I only exj^eeted, if I obtained any
good reward, to receive it from the Dispenser
of good. On this ground, I thought myself
under no temptation to gratify any with
words.
loth. At Eichmoud, being First-day, many
came in and filled the house. I said, most
thoughtful, religiously-concerned people, I
suppose, when they assemble in tliis capacity,
desired to find some profit, or gain some in-
struction by it. If this desire tends to quicken
the attention so as to avoid that which is
oiiensive to the great Giver of the desired
favor, then it will be profitable. Evil will be
avoided, and the desire will be extended to
doing acceptable service. Here, ceasing to do
evil, and learning to do well, will be experi-
enced; and this desire will be known fo be a
living desire, living and abiding in the heart.
As it is thus attended to, and that which is
known to be wrong avoided, there will be a
portion of peace of mind enjoyed ; but if, at
any time, such should indulge in what they
know to be wrong, then condemnation ensues.
This accords with what an apostle testified.
If our heart condemn us, God is greater and
knows all things, but if our heart condemn us
not, then have we hope toward God.
14th. Israel Laben conducted us to Pelhans,
about forty miles. In this place we were told
that David Buffum had a plantation worth
82500 sold for priests' wages, the demand SS.
This is the last meeting in New England Year-
ly Meeting, and I have attended one or more
meetings at each meetinL'-place of Friends in
this Yearly Meeting. While I note this, I
think it as humbling a prospect as at the first
— the meeting time now coming on. How
much satisfaction may be missed of, if I should
be so unguarded us to advance counsel not
called for by the Head of the church, or with-
hold through human weakness. May I be
preserved, and be faithful, and the reward is
sure.
15th. I passed the meeting in silence, onbj
a few words by way of remark.
19th. We passed on into the State of Ne'v
York, to a meeting called White Creek. A
I rode on the waj' to-day, I felt a particula
satisfaction on a review of my past labors, noi
discovering that I had omitted anything re
quired, and that I had been careful not to exj
coed my bounds. I now hope that if I gel
through the remainder of my prospect, am
am favored to return home, it will be in peac«
20th. We attended the aforesaid meeting
My labor was on the subject of worship, holdi
ing it to be a Christian duty. If it be dif
pensed with, what is Christianity without it
Can there be anything profitable in profession
without knowing a performance of it?
22d. We went to Mount Holly Meeting
which lays easterly, and crossed the Gree
Mountains on the way. Wo rode over rock
and stones, through woods and mud. Th
Author of my existence knows my painfi
steps, and my desire to serve Him in sit
cerity. To Him I look for preservation, an,
on Him do I depend for support, and I look t
none else for reward for what I pass througl
He has hitherto been my helper in the tin
of need, and bountifully rewarded me. O ma
His mercies and favors be continued, and ma
I be faithful to Him, that I may bless an
praise His holy name, who is now and eve
lastingly worthy thereof. Amen.
27th. Attended Ferrisburg Meeting. I fe
a weight of concern on my mind. The test
mony went to arouse the careless, the prof!
gate, and such as were desirous to stifle co
viction and live to the delights of sense ; at
also to encourage the well-disposed tocontini
in an humble, watchful state of mind,
watchfulness is neglected, a state of ease ar
formality is likely to follow. j
30th, At a meeting on Grand Isle, Lakl
Charaplain, I endeavored to impress on tl
children the necessity of obej'ing the cor
mand, ■ Children, obey your parents in tl
Lord, for this is i-ight.' When this was don
[ said, ' Parents, bring up your children
the nurture and admonition of the Lord, ai
do not provoke them to wrath.' When paren
do not walk in the paths of piety, how o:
they train up their children in those path;
Will it do to say to them : ' This is the w;
that leads to happiness. I would have you
walk in it ; I entertain strong desires for yo'
welfare, but I am not ready to set you an t
ample, that I want you to follow ; I want yi
to leave practices that I am ]>racticing?' Rr
can a parent instruct a child to walk in t
way he should go, and not go in it himsel!
The meeting became a solemn, instruct!
one, because of the overshadowing of Heave
ly regard — ])raised be the Giver of the blc:
ing."
10th mo. 1st. At a meeting at Peru, anio:
other matters, J. Heald spoke of the anxio
attention which w-as given in settling tei
poral accounts, to have everything in reai
ness at the time of trial, so that the persi
might get his just rights, though the matte
at issue were comparatively unimportan
and contrasted it with the carelessness evine
in regard to the day of final decision, whi
some seemed scarcely to remember.
"4th. AtMontpelier. The meeting was qui
thronged, mostly of other people, Frien
being few. My exercise became weigh!
and 1 found it my place to bear testimoi
among them, to encourage them to a religiOi
THE FRIEND.
203
jurse of liviDu;; in the first place, ' Forsake
ot the assembling of j-ourselves trgether as
le manner of some is.' I endeavored to show
jat it is our reasonable service to oti'er our-
ilves living sacrifices, wholly acceptable to
od. Towards the close, I said. People had
ivers motives for going to meetings. Some
ent with desires of doing their duty. I ap-
rehend some went to watch and look out for
,ults, and having found what they sujipose
) be one, they treasure it up, they converse
DOut it, so that it gains a great part of their
tention, and the mind comes to live on it,
id it is very poor living, there is scarce poorer ;
hereas if there was a looking out for some-
ling useful and wholesome, it would be
lener found."
The pithy remark of J. Heald, as to poor
nng, brings to mind the case of a Friend,
ho lived in Eastern Ohio. He had taken so
uch oft'enee at something that had taken
ace among his friends, that for some time
3 declined to attend religious meetingd with
lem. Whilst in this condition, a meeting
as appointed near his home by a travelling
'riend, which he attended. The minister rose
ith this remark, "He that lives on the faulis
[' others is in danger of starving to death,"
iid so unfolded to him his situation, that he
as enabled to cast out of his heart the hard
elings that had estranged him, and again to
]0w the love of the brethren to prevail,
vor afterwards, he was peculiarly solicitous
avoid every thing which would destroy or
jure the unity of the meeting.
(To be continued.)
•-*
Crocodiles in Siam. — Crocodiles are more
imerous in the river at Paknam-Ven than in
at at Chantaboun. 1 continually saw them
row themselves from the banks into the
ater; and it has frequently happened that
reles.s fishers, or persons who have impru-
ntly fallen asleep on the shore, have become
eir prey, or have afterwards died of the
luiids inflicted by them. The latter has
pi'ened twice during my stay here. It is
inking, however — for one is interested in
-erving the habits of animals all over the
_>rld — to see the manner in which these
■ eatures catch the apes, which sometimes
kf a fancy to play with them. Close to the
Ilk lies the crocodile, his body in the water,
J only his capacious mouth above the sur-
■ ready to seize any thing that may come
in reach. A troop of apes catch sight of
ill. seem to consult together, approach little
■little, and commence their frolics, by turns
tors and spectators. One of the most active
' most impudent jumps from branch to
anch, till within a respectful distance of the
'ocodile, when, hanging by one claw, and
th the dexterity peculiar to these animals,
- advances and retires, now giving the croco-
iile a blow with hie paw, at another time onl^-
■letending to do so. The other apes, enjoy-
15 the fun, evidently wish to take a part in
i: but the other branches being too high,
'ev form a sort of chain by laying hold of
I eh others paws, and thus, swing backwards
td forwards, while any one of thetp who
<mes within reach of the crocodile torments
In to the best of his ability. Sometimes the
1'Tible jaws suddenly close, but not upon the
idacious ape, who just escapes; then there
!3 crie8|of exultation from the tormentors,
"10 gamble about joyfully. Occasionally,
1 wever, the paw is entrapped, and the victim
dragged with the r:ipidit3' of lightning be-
neath the water, when the whole troop dis-
perse, groaning and shrieking. The misad-
venture does not, however, prevent their re-
commencing the game a few days afterwards.
— Aloukot's Travels.
The State of the Primitive Churchc.v.
Most men will acknowledge that the primi-
tive churches, to whom Paul wrote hisepistles,
exceeded in many respects the professors ot
christianitj- in our present age ; and good
grounds the\- have so to believe; for the said
apostle, in his epistles, told the Corinthians
"That their bodies were the temples ot' the
Holj- Ghost:" he told the Ephesians "That
ihey were fellow-citizens with the saints, and
of the household of God :" he told the Pliilip-
pians "That their conversation was in hea-
ven :" he told the Colossians " That they were
delivered from the power of darkness, and
translated into the kingdom of the dear Son
of God:" ho told the Hebrews "That they
were come to the city of the living God, the
heavenly Jerusalem." And Peter, in his gen-
eral epistle to the churches, told them " That
thej' were a chosen generation ; a royal priest-
hood ; a holy nation, a peculiar people."
But is this our state? Can we say, from a
sensible feeling, that the Hol^- Spirit of God
dwells in us? That our bodies are the tem-
ples, in which we maj' behold his presence,
feel his power, fear, worship, and serve him ?
Can we say that our conversations are in
heaven? That we are translated into the
kingdom of the dear Son of God, and live
under the sceptre of his government? That
we are come to the heavenly Jerusalem, where
the great God is worshipped in spirit and in
truth ? Or are we not strangers to all these
things, and yet persuade ourselves that we
are the people of God, and good christians?
The primitive churches had the honorable
name of saints ; we can give ourselves no
better name than miserable sinners ; and what
is the reason ? Most of the forementioned
churches, before their conversion, were but
heathens ; they were not born of christian
parents, nor trained up in the christian faith,
as we think we are ; and after conversion they
had but little preaching, in comparison to
what we have; neither were they furnished
with books so plentifully as we are.
We cannot conclude that the kingdom of
Christ, that then appeared in power, did, (as
the sun in the firmament sometimes doth)
show itself in the morning and be no more
seen all day ; for the kingdom of Christ is an
everlasting kingdom, atid the new covenant
that was made with the house of Jacob an
everlasting covenant. Neither may we con-
clude that God hath withdrawn himself from
the children of men ; for he never forsakes us,
unless we first forsake him.
The apostle foresaw that there would be a
falling away from the grace in which many
primitive Christians were established; which
soon after his decease came to pass. But our
: preachers say, '-That the dark night of apos-
taey is over, and that we live in gospel days
again ;" but if so, where are the fruits? We
imaj-, I confess, hear gospel words; but where
;is the gospel power, by which believers come
to be the sons of God, and to bear his image
in righteousness? Why are not we, who are
[ called Christians, grown to the stature of them
jthat were born heathen, and brought up in
blindness and ignorance? Why are not we
sanctified and made a holy people, as well as
tlicy? Why are not our bodies cleansed and
made a habitation for the eternal Spirit, as
theirs were? Why are not our i^t)nversation8
in heaven, or at least more heavenly than
i.hcy be? The reason, to me, is this: we have
not built upon the same foundatit)n that they
built upon ; lor this we are to understand,
that the heathen had not the Scriptures, as
we have, and so could not frame a form of
godliness therefrom, as many since have done,
made u]) with good words, calling that godli-
ness, and renting in an outward |jerformanco
thereof, without any true conversion, or sense
of that inward life and jiowcr that the primi-
tive Christians came to feci ; and found in
themselves, through faith, and the operation
of the eternal quickening Spirit of Jesus.
The heathens, as well as olhei's, were of
God's creation, (all nations being made of one
blood,) and so had in themselves, as every
man hath, a good spirit, as well as a bad;
light, as well as darkness; something that re-
proved them for sin, as well as something
that tempted them to sin. And being, by the
apostle, turned from the darkness that was in
them to the light; from that which tempted
them to sin, to that which convicted and re-
proved them for sin ; the}' cleaved thereunto,
confided therein, and became followers there-
of; and b}- cleaving to the good, they were
delivered from evil ; by following the light
they came to be translated out of the kingdom
of darkness, and to have their conversations
in heaven whilst they %vere upon earth.
These built on a sure rock, a living founda-
tion, on Christ, as he in all ages was, and still
is, in his spiritual appearance, the light of the
world, and life of righteousness ; and, taking
his eternal Spirit in themselves for their guide,
turned from whatsoever they were thereby
convicted of, and reproved for; by which
Esau, or the first nature, came to be supplant-
ed, and He, whose right it is to reign, came to
have the rule in them, and the government
over them.
And as the darknessthateclipscd the bright-
ness of the sun of righteousness in them came
to be removed, they came to have a clear dis-
cerning what was of God, and what was self-
ish, and to be denied ; and lui'ning from every
motion that was not of God, the body of sin be-
came mortitied, their insides became cleansed,
the lump became leavened; such as were car-
nal became spiritual ; and this made them a
peculiar peo[)le.
And did we walk in their footsteps we might
rise to their attainment; but if we build on
words, and outward services without spirit
and life, we can never rise ; for, as Paul said
in another ease, " If I speak with the tongue
iof men and angels, and have not charity, I
jam become as sounding brass;'' so sa}' 1 in
Ithis case, if we hear men and angels, if we
'could live continually under the sound of good
words, if we have no regard to that inward
light which discovers the risingof evil motions,
and power from God to turn from them, we
can never mortify sin. cleanse our souls, an<l
become a holy peoph'. The work of sanctifi-
cation is inward, and to be effected by inward
means; nothing but inward light can expel
inward darkness; nothing less than eternal
'life can deliver our souls from the power of
death.
Since men came to be pei-suaded that though
they sow tares they shall reap wheat ; thouijh
they go down into the grave sinners, they
204
THE FRIEND.
shall rise saints, and attain in another worhi
what the primitive Christians attained to in
this world, their conversations have not been
in heaven, but in the earth ; they have walked
in darkness and not in the light; the god of
this world hath been served, and not the God
of heaven. And what future happiness this
can produce, let the wise in heart judge. —
migh Tur/ord.
Scientific Notes.
Waste Substances. — A recent work on this
subject shows that considerable progress has
been made in rendering useful many sub-
stances that formerly were thrown away as
refuse; though there is still great room for
improvement in that direction. Among the
most important matters that claim further
care are the sewage of towns ; the offal from
cattle killed for their hides, horns and tallow
— as is done in large quantities in South
America ; and the refuse of cod and other
fisheries. Most of these are capable of being
converted into concentrated manures, which
have become an indispensable adjunct in the
improved systems of farming.
Cotton-seed was formerlj' used as manure.
The weight of the seed is twice that of the
fibre, so that immense quantities of it are an-
nually produced. Now oil is largely pressed
from it, and the cake which remains is used
for feeding cattle.
In the neighborhood of the large saw-mills
of Norway, vast heaps of saw-dust formerly
remained unutilized, but now they are made
to yield spirit, pyroligneous acid, charcoal,
potash, &c.
In France, and other parts of Europe, the
fur and skin of rats are sold at remunerative
prices, as well as their flesh.
NehuicB. — An article on this subject, by
Prof. Young, in the Boston Journal of Chemis-
try, gives the total number at present known
as not quite 8000. Of these about a dozen
are visible to the naked eye, the brightest of
which is in Andromeda, and the second in
brilliance in Orion. Some of them are clusters
of stars, which arc so exhibited by telescopes
of high power, and others will probably pre-
sent a similar appearance, as more improved
forms of optical instruments are brought into
use; but the majority show no such structure,
but even under the liigbest telescopic power
remain mere blotches of hazy light. In form
they are most commonlj' oval, and somewhat
brighter in the middle. In many instances
they are nearly circular and of uniform bright-
ness throughout. There are also a few an
nular nebuUc which seem to be rings of the
shining mist; and there are double nebula-,
which, like the doublestars, probably i-evolve
around each other in elliptical orbits; and
spiral nebula;, whose filaments are so arranged
as to suggest almost irresistibly the idea of a
whirlpool-like movement of the whole mass.
Besides these there are a multitude, in which
the nebulous matter is distributed in streaks
, and patches of most fantastii' and unaccount-
able formation. To this class belongs the great
nebula of Orion.
The spectroscopic study of these interesting
masses confirms the conclusion arrived at by
the elder Herschel, that many of them are
masses of cloud-like substance, mainly gaseous.
They are in various stages of condensation ;
some trranulatintr into star-dust, and some
apparently collecting themselves around a
single centre to form a single aun.
The Corrosice Action of Salt-water on Iron
ind Copper.— A. recent paper on this subject
calls fresh attention to the well-known chemi-
cal action, and corrosion which takes place
when these metals are brought into contact
and immersed in salt-water. The rapid in-
crease in the number of iron vessels gives
especial importance to the use of all precau-
tion which may ensure their safety or prolong
their existence. The writer shows that, for
example, if a copper tube connected with a
ship's pump bo lower, d into the bilge water
in the hold of an iron ship, though it does not
come into contact with the iron plating, yet
through the handle of the pump on the deck,
a metallic communication may be made with
the outside iron, which will form a galvanic
circuit, and lead to the corrosion of the
plating.
Drainage and Health. — Berlin has long been
in an unsatisfactory state as regards drainage,
&c. An article on the cleaning and draining
of that city states, that the rate of mortality
has increased from 25.1 pr-r 1000 in 1861, to
38.9 in 1871. The mortality is greatest in
summer. Its phases correspond to the rising
and sinking of the underground water. This
sinks in hot weather, and allows the free de
composition of impurities. The causes of
death are largely infectious diseases, like
diphtheria, dysentery, &c., which may in gen-
eral be traced to the decomposition of organic
substances.
Carrier Pigeons. — With regard to the dis-
patch of pigeons frotn balloons, it was observed
by Birt and Gay Lussac many years ago, that
they did not return to their cots, unless the
balloon had been allowed to descend near the
"■round before they were liberated ; otherwise
the air was too rare to fly in, and the animals
fell with accelerated velocity. In Franco some
of the journals have a pigeon service. The
National, e. g. employs lor its later dispatches
from Versailles, ten carrier pigeons, the ser-
vice costing about 30 francs daily. The time
of flio-ht lasts from 15 to 20 minutes, accord-
ing to the state of the atmosphere and direc-
tion of the wind. In storms the birds are
often delayed.
Sounds' we cannot hear. — To many persons
the voice of the field-mouse is inaudible. Some
cannot hear the voice of the cricket, and a few
are deaf to the voice of the sparrow, whib- but
very few can hear the voice of the bat. Some
people will not hear the bat howeverclosc they
may be to it, while others can hear it flying
about in the open air, and indeed consider it to
be a noisy animal. The voice of the bat is pro-
bably the shrillest sound audible to human
ears, consequently all animals having voices
still more acute, areinaudiole to us. An ant-
hill, for instance, may be as noisy to the in-
habitants as a rookery is to us, and they might
be totally unable to bear any sound whatever
from human voices, in consequence of the dif-
ferent range of hearing.
A medusa was lately received at the Paris
Aquarium, and immediately placed in a tank.
It was soon observed that all the other marine
creatures around it perished. The water had
been turned into vinegar. This showed that
this was one of those rare specimens which
secrete an acetic acid liquid.
A MOTTO FOR BOYS.
A boy who does a stroke and stops,
Will ne'er a great man be;
'Tis the aggregate of single dropa
That makes the sea the sea.
The mountain was not at its birth
A mountain, so to speak ;
The little atoms of sand and earth
Have made its peak a peak.
Not all at once the morning streaks
The gold above the gray ;
'Tis thousand little yellow gleams
That make the day, the day.
Not from the snow-drift May awakes
In purples, reds and greens ;
Spring's whole bright retinue it takes
To make her queen of queens.
Upon the orchard rain must fall,
And soak from branch to root,
And blossoms bloom and fade withal,
Before the fruit is fruit.
The farmer needs must sow and till,
And wait the wheaten bread,
Then cradle, thresh, and go to mill,
Before the bread is bread.
Swift heels may get the early shout.
But spite of all the din.
It is the patient holding out.
That makes the winner win.
Make this your motto then at start,
'Twill help to smooth the way,
And steady up both hand and heart — ■
" Rome wasn't built in a dav '■"
Alice Cary. \
THE WORLD'S COMPLAINT.
Through all the changes of unnumber'd years
I've rolled around the life-bestowing sun;
Yet still each season fresh and bright appears
As when iny onward course was first begun !
Spring with its new-born beauty does not shun.
Awakening as of old the sleeping earth ;
And Summer in its brightness loseth none
Of all its early loveliness and worth.
Still blooms the flower, and glows the ripen'd fruit,
And through the ground the tender rootlets shoot.
And yet, alas ! I long have been misnamed
A desert wilderness, — a worthless clod ;
And man, vain man, is not a whit ashamed
Thus to abuse the bounty of his God,
.\nd say that, till he rests beneath the sod.
There's nothing worthy of his noble thought.
But, day by day, he still must toil and plod,
And seek but never find the object sought;
And me he calls a waste, a fleeting show, —
A dismal charnel-house for man below.
Churlutle Young.
Principles can only be strong b}^ the
strength of understanding, or the cogency of
religion. — Dr. Johnson.
Coati. — The little animal called " quash" b;
the Creoles, and '^ coati" by the Spaniards, i
sometimes seen in captivity in the Indiai
lodges ; it is somewhat like the raccoon. Th:
nostrils are arranged at the end of its Iodj
snout in such a manner as effectually to pre
vent earth and sand from getting up the nos^
while it is grubbing for worms, roots, &e.(
this snout is exceedingly muscular, jiliantant
sensitive: the creature has a curious way o
protecting it from a blow or threatened in
jury bj' putting down its head, and coverinj
the snout carefully with its fore-paws. Th
arms and legs are stout and strong, and th
feet are armed with claws like those of
miniature bear. The habits of the tam
"quash" in my possession, which now run
about the house like a cat, are very droll am
interesting; it has formed a strong attachmen;
to the little spider monkey, and they neve
seem tired of playing and frolicking togethe
their principal point of disagreement bein,'
THE FRIEND.
205
at Quash is generally sleepy during tlie duy
me, and Jacko takes a mean advantage of
ip, and jnilU him most unuiereifull}- ahout
T his long brushy tail, only to be disturbed
his turn as he nods and dozes in Iront of
e tire after tea, by wliieh time (^uash has
iCOtne very sprightly, and bustles about the
Otn with an air of bus}' importance, earry-
g his bushy tail straight behind him, with
^graiel'ully utiduiating ni' vement.
While at the Blewlield's Mission-House,
lash was a source of great amusement and
iiu' trouble; he was very friendly with all
e dogs, and, unless securely shut up, on
inday he would invariably follow Mr. and
rs. LUndberg to the service ; and on one oc
ision, when unable to do so, ho got into the
Icony opposite the church, and having
rehed himself ou the extreme ledge, made
ich a disturbance with his peculiar cry that
ime one had to bo despatched to take him
,ck. — Wtckham's Journey in Central America.
For " Tlie Friend."
The pages of ''The Friend" seem to offer a
litablo medium for drawing the attention ol
-lends to the following subject : —
The apostle Paul used this language in refer-
ice to the gift of ministry: " We have this
easure in earthen vessels that the excellency
the Power (by which alone it can be rightly
■;ercised) may be (seen to be) of God, and not
I us;" and again he saj's : "Not that we arc
1 fficient of ourselves to think any thing as ol
'•irselves, but our sufficiency is of God; who
.30 hath made us able ministers of the New
'jstament, (or Xew Covenant), not of the
ttei-, but of the Spirit: for the letter killeth,
it the Spirit giveth life." And, indeed, the
e of all true ministry is by the Spirit; and
ml saith again, "As every man hath re
■ ived the gift, even so minister the same one
■ another, as good stewards of the manifold
ace of God. If any man speak, let him
.eak as the oracles of God ; if any man min-
cer let him do it as of the ability which God
veth, that God in all things may be glorified
rough Jesus Christ, to whom be praise and
'iminion foreverandever. Amen." And writ-
:g of the dispensation of the gospel which
as commiited to him, he says : "Whereof!
as made a minister according to the gift of
e grace of God, given unto me by the ef-
:ctual working of His power."
The writer concludes that there i.s not an
dividual in the position of a minister in our
iciety w^ho is not sensible of mistakes, and
,' his liability to err, and of the consequent
iied of constant watchfulness unto prayer,
at he may be kept upon the right ground
■ his ministry ; that is, made sensible from
me to time, of a fresh baptism and renewed
lercise on that account; for is not the Ian
lage of our Holy Redeemer applicable here-
1, "For every one sluiU be salted with tire,
id ever}' sacritice salted with salt."
Isaac Penington says: "The ministry of
i.e New Testament is a ministry of the Spirit,
■id it cannot be without the Spirit. He that
ill be a true minister must receive both his
(ft, his ministry, and the exercise of both
■om the Lord."
In drawing this high character for a true
inistry, it is far from my aim to place the
iiallest impediment in the way of the least
lild of the Heavenly Father's family, upon
hom He hath laid his hand to bring them
rth in this weighty service — I entertain no
doubt whatever that what is of him. He will
own. Wherever a true concern is given, there
will be a way made for it, and in i\\n; time an
evidence will be granted of the unity of the
true church with such.
Tlnse m;iy be always distinguished by the
absence of self-sufficiency or self-confidence,
and are always willing rather to bear than to
burden others, until the Lord shall be pleased
to make wa}' for them. They are kept in
the chiki's state, which is willing to receive
help and instruction.
Where there is a light capacity for judg-
ment, we shall not have to observe one dear
Friend seeing one way upon the subject, and
another another way. The judgment will not
turn upon natural partiality, or ihut thetruths
uttered are delivered agreeably, or that what
is generally understood by the term gospel
truth, has been brought forward in due pro-
portions.
There is a great difference in persons — the
natural temperament, the association, the
education, the self-possession, natural or ac-
quired, the eas}' choice of language and flow
of it almost without effort — each of these fur-
nish cause for adiiitional caution on the part
of the individual concerned, and not less so on
the part of those upon whom devolves the
duty of exercising a true judgment.
In the present condition of our Society I
know of no question of equal importance to
its welfare — except the primary one of indi-
vidual vitalreligion — than this (piestion of the
ministry.
There is still another class for whom I am
deeply concerned, both for their own sakes
and on behalf of the Truth. To those jiersons
esteemed more or less highly as ministers in
the various religious bodies now existing in
the world, this concern has no reference; but
to those, whether standing in the position of
recorded ministers or not, who claim to be
Friends.
The confusion that must follow the grant-
ing of an equal claim to Divine authority and
sanction, for discordant views on the most
vital doctrines of the gospel, is so apparent
that it cannot be admitted. I therefore con-
clude that where an individual in our society
persistenti}' maintains and promulgates views
of religious belief, at variance with the ac-
knowledged doctrines of the gospel, as ever
held by the society of Friends, he must be
under a mistake as to his being called to the
work of the ministry of the gospel within the
pale of the society, when such principles, if
adopted, would change the foun<lation tijjon
which it can alone stand, and defeat its testi-
mony to the world. This point is brought
forward under a deep sense of its importance
to individuals, and also to draw the attention
of those who are in influential positions in the
society, to the«duties and responsibilities of
their stations. Truth should be dearer to us
than everything else, and to be a faithful
watchman upon the walls is a weighty thing.
Well may the poor instrument cry out, " Who
is sufficient for these things."
While I have thus written, it has been
under the thankful belief, that we have at the
present time many evidences that the Lord
is at work himself and that He is seeking to
set up His own Kingdom in many hearts;
drawing away from the many voices that aro
abroad in the world to himself; which is un-
doubtedly as much the design of Him who is
the Lord of life and glory, to day, as it hath
been in any age of the world, and equally im-
portant fV>r all to experience for their own
estalilishment on the everlasting Kock and
Ibuiidation.
Wo must never fail to remember that we do
not go to meeting to liear words, but to wait
upon and to worshi]) Him who is a spirit, and
that unless we attain to a sense of this in
some degree, we do not realize the full bene-
fit of such a duty; and where there is an
itching ear, an undue desire for words, tho
spring of true ministry is often obstructed.
May it not bo said of a truth, that it is u
day when the call is going forth for a deeper
inward travail of spirit in our meetings, for
the arising of that which is the true life of
tho church ; when the language should be
more feelingly known and read in the lines
of our own experience, " I)eep calleth unto
deep at the noise of thy water spouts, all thj'
waves and thy billows are gone over me."
Then in tho Lord's own lime He will arise,
cause his dependent, trusting, wailing child-
ren to sit down at His table; He will gird
himself and come forth and serve them. Wo
should enter into His courts with thanks-
giving, and into His gates with praise.
Ailventures ivith Canada Wolves. — Along the
line of the Grand Trunk railroad, between tho
Island Pond Station and the French village
of Canticook, in Canada, a distance of eigh-
teen miles, the country is almost an unbroken
forest, and wild animals are frequently seen
beside the road staring in wonder at the
passing trains, while deer, foxes, lynxes and
wolves often bound across tho rails in front
of the locomotive. Some years since the lat-
ter animals were remarkably plenty, some-
times appearing in droves of a dozen or twenty.
One evening, late in the autumn, a j'oung
man had occasion to pass along this lonesome
way on foot, and had not accomplished more
than half the distance when he heard a crack-
ling in the bushes at the side of tho track, de-
noting the presence of some wild animal.
Thinking to frighten the creature he threw a
stone toward the place where it appeared to
be.
This was answered by a howl from the
wolf, for such it was; and what added to tho
discomfort of the situation, various other
howls were echoed and re-echoed by wolves
from all sides, and they soon began to close
in around the now thoroughly frightened man,
who started on a run, but was soon obliged
to slacken his pace from sheer exhaustion.
Although the pack of wolves now numbered
about twenty, they still, for some reason, failed
to attack him, but surrounded him at the dis-
tance of a few paces, each moment growing
bolder and bolder. In his desperation he
picked up stones and threw toward them, at
which they would scatter for a brief period,
and he would make another eftort to escape
them, which, however, would prove useless,
for as soon as he turned to run they would
again surround him, and the only method by
which he could keep them at bay was to keep
up tho shower of missiles, shouting at the
top of his voice.
But even this resource was fast failing him,
as he was well nigh exhausted and ready to
drop with fatigue and fright, when suddenly
unexpected assistance arrived. He heard afar
off a low rumble and knew that a train was
approaching. Could he only hold his fierce
enemies at bay until its arrival be felt that
206
THE FRIEND.
he would be safe. Ho redoubled his eftbrts,
and soon the rumble of the train grew louder,
and the headlight of the locomotive appeared
around a curve. The hunted man now gave
up the unequal contest with the savage brutes,
and, facing the approaching train, threw up
his arms and concentrated all his energies in
a loud call for help, which w:is heard above
the rattle of the cars. The engineer whistled
"down brakes," the train came to a stand
still, and the poor fellow, more dead than
alive, climbed into the cab of the engine and
fainted, and it was only after the arrival at
the next station that he was able to relate
his terrible experience.
For "The FrienJ."
iDConsistencie.s; or a Deparlnre from Simplicity
iu our Dwellings and Families.
When I look at the costlj' modern resi-
dences of some of our members, with the rich
surroundings outwardly, and the style, the
decorations, the fulness, the excess within, I
can hardly suppress the exclamation or en-
quiry, Are these the dwellings of self-denying
Quakers, who claim for themselves a higher
standard, and one calling for greater plainness
and simplicity than other religious professors?
Surely, then, may such professors query,
wherein lies the difference between us ? If
you, say they, are a cross-bearing, world-i-e-
nouncing people, tbllowing a meek and lowly
and crucified Saviour, who, though Lord of
all, had not where on earth to lay his head ;
if you as strangers and pilgrims here below,
are walking in the straight and narrow way
to his kingdom above, then away with self-
denial and the i-estraints of the cross ; since,
in the expressive language of conduct, things
discordant can be so reconciled as to admit,
notwithstanding the Saviour's negative, ol'
serving two masters — God and the world;
and also while taking our fill of earthlj' enjo}'-
ments, to allow the keeping of the heavenly
inheritance in reversion, after all of this life
shall have ceased to please and to captivate
the affections and the heart.
Is it not to be feared that the accumulated
wealth of Friends, with all the flesh-loving
appliances it can purchase, has had the effect
to dim the spiritual vision, to infatuate the
heart, and to cause the affections to be more
set upon the things of earth, with which we are
so intimately surrounded and associated, than
on the things of heaven — the recompense of
the reward of a well spent life beyond? Thus
causing us to lose, in measure, our spii'ituality
and meekness, our simplicity and humility,
and to become more conformed to the world,
and thence reconciled to the fashion and
luxury and ways of the carnal mind, which
is enmity against God ; and verif3'ing the Sa-
viour's words : "Where your treasure is, there
will your hearts be also." O, then, let us
search our houses, and above all our hearts!
After the exhortation of the prophet, " Let
us search and try our ways, and turn again
to the Lord." That is, let us see if there is
any thing in or about us, over which we have
influence, that Jclis controversy is with ! What
a precious entreaty was that of the Psalmist,
and its record a rich legacy to us: — " Search
me, O God, and know my heart; try me, and
know my thoughts; and see if there be any
wicked way in mo, and lead me in the way
everlasting." Whereupon, may the language
of each of our hearts be. Let not Thine eye
spare, neither have Thou pity, till thou hast
brought forth judgment unto victory.
I remember hearing that on an occasion of
Dr. Johnson going to see David Garrick, who
then had just had his house repaired, expand-
ed, and richlj' furnished, the former said to
him, "David, David, these are what make death
beds terrible; these are what make death
beds terrible." This suggests the thought,
that we should, while making provision for
the poor body a little while here, keep pre
eminently in view the enduring inheritance
in heaven for the dedicated and faithful; as
well as how we shall look upon the fleeting
things of time when the solemn message
comes, to bid a final farewell and leave them ;
remembering the preceptive line,
" Tliey build too low, who build beneath the skies."
The effect of these things is perhaps notice-
able most upon, and prejudicial to tbesuscep
tible minds of children. The desire of appear-
ances and outward greatness in them, being
without the ballast of religious weight and
depth, is likely to elate the heart and lead
into a disregard of our Christian principles
and testimonies; and thus if not the parents,
at least their precious offspring, for whom
they must give an account, are likely to be
carried away by the overflowing flood of show
and worldliness thus setting in upon them.
Thus their tender minds, it may be, through
the unfaithfulness of those set over them, be-
come gradually corrupted from the simplicity
that is in Christ. So that instead of helping
this interesting classagaiust that which would
dim the beauty of their minds, parents mtiy
unadvisedly put stumbling blocks in their
way ; and, it is sometimes to be feared, offend
the Divine witness and meek and lowly aj)-
pearance of the Saviour in their bosoms.
Moreover these earthly attractions so coincid-
ing with the natural, fallen propensities of the
human heart, to which "the lust of the flesh,
the lust of the eye, and the pride of life," are
so congenial, and having the example and
therefore sanction of the parents superadded,
they anon take deep root in human nature's
fruitful soil, and thence, unless Divine grace
powerfully interposes, become confirmed with
years, and bring forth fruit after their kind;
and inducing a state of mind in which there
is hut little entrance for the suggestive truth :
" Man needs but little here below,
Nor needs that little long."
The subjoined are extracts relative to this
subject from the pen of several writers.
" Picture to thyself," says John Barclay,
"any set of people raised up to a deep sense
of religion, and carrying out their watchful-
ness and self denial to all branches of their con-
duct, and endeavoring to follow that exhorta-
tion, 'Be ye holy in all mann»i" of conversa-
tion,' and whatsoever ye 'do in word or deed,
do all to the glorj- of God,' &e. Would they
not soon come to be distinguished from other
people, who follow the course of this world,
or who secretly yearn after their own heart's
lusts, and comfort themselves with trj'ing to
think there is nothing in this and the other
little thing, and that religion does not consist
in these things? Would they not soon find
themselves to be 'a peculiar people,' a singu-
lar people, a very simple people; — their out-
ward appearance, their manners, their very
gestures, restrained and regulated after a
mode totally contrary to the generality of
M
those around them? According to that stri
ing passage in one of the Apocryphal writing
setting forth the language of the ungodly r
speeting the righteous, so will it be respectin
such a people or person as I have describee
' He is not for our turn, he is clean eontrai
to our doings ; he was made to reprove ot
thoughts; he is grievous unto us even to b ''
hold ; for his life is not like other men's, h
ways are of another fashion.' "
CTo be concluded. i
The Greatest Crop of the World. — A que
tion widely discussed involves the relati^
value of the wheat, cotton, tea and hay croj
of the world. Which of these products eo
ploys the greatest amount of the world's cap
tal ? It is said that hay leads the rest, an
the items that enter into the account
stated are somewhat startling. Cotton an
tea are local crops, while hay is produce
everywhere the world over, and thus the ha
crop greatly outweighs either of the oth(
two. The aggregate reported value of a
f;irm products for 1870 was $2,447,538,658
but as this includes additions to stocks, " be
torments," &c., it is probably too high. No
the hay crop for that year — that is the grai
dried and cured for use or .sold — is reported i
over 27,000,000 tons. This, at half the selliu
price in the large cities, would amount t
8405,000,000, and is far greater than the ai
gregate home value of the cotton crop or an
other crop. But the cured " hay" is but
portion of the grass crop. The other portio
is used on the ground, and it requires coi
siderable calculation to get at the value
used, even in the roughest wa}^.
In the first plaj3e live stock, including home
cattle, horses, sheep, swine, &c., to the valu
of $1,525,000,000, were fed from it that yea-
Averaging the lives of these at five years w
have one-fifth of that sum as representing th
grass fed to them in 1870, namely: $305',00C
000 ; next we find the value of the anima
slaughtered for food in that year to be §309
000,000, and as this is an animal product, th
whole of it will for the present be credited t
the grass crop; next we find that the butte
crop of 1870 was 514,000,000 pounds, whic
at the low average of 25 cents, amounts t
$128,000,000, and this goes to the credit (
grass; next we have 235,000,000 gallons
milk, which, averaged at the low estimate
10 cents per gallon, adds $25,000,000 moi
to the credit of the grass crop; then we hay
100,000,000 pounds of wool at 25 cents
pound, adding $25,000,000 more; and, finally
53, 000, COO pounds of cheese, at 10 cents, adt
ing $5,000,000 to the total of these credil
to the grass crop of 1870, which aggregatt
$887,000,000.
Now let us add the value of the " hay
crop as given above — viz : $405,000,000 — an
we have a grand total for " hay" and the pn
ducts of grass consumed on the ground amount
ing to $1,292,000,000. This is, of course, sul
ject to the deduction, as the meat, buttei
milk, cheese, and wool-producing a^mals coi
sume other food beside grass and hay. T
make ample allowance for this, we deduct t
entire value of the corn and oat crops of 1S7(
estimated at $270,000,000 and this leaves
remainder of $1,082,000,000 to be credited t
the hay and grass crop of that year, whe
the reported aggregate of all the farm pre
ducts was $2,448,538,658. If our estimate
make even thei-oughest approach to accuracj
THE FRIEND.
207
e value of that crop was two-fifths of the
grogate value of all farm products, and
ce wc may iufer that twn-tifths of the capi
then invested in agricultural pursuits was
voted to the grass crop, and this in the
nited States equals (in round numbers)
,575,000,000. From these figures the de-
ction is palpable that King Cotton is un-
owned and dethroned, and we may be forced
admit that all " flesh" and all else is hay if
t "grass." — Memphis Appeal.
ScUcted fir "Th^ Frieud."
'Woe to that man by whom tlic offence cometh." —
itt. xviii. 7.
The following is a part of an epistle to the
rinthian church in that daj-, written b}' the
man Clement; whom, says William Paley,
cient writers, without any doubt or scru-
j, assert to have been the Clement whom
e apostle Paul thus mentions, (Phil. iv. 3.)
SVith Clement also, and other of my fellow-
oorers, whose names are iu the book of
e." W. P. goes on to introduce it by saj'ing.
Dhe meekness of the Christian character
igns throughout the whole of that excellent
ece. The occasion called for it. It was to
mpose the dissensions of the church of Co-
ith, and the venerable hearer of the apos
s does not fall short, in the display of this
inciple, of the finest passages of their writ-
ers. He calls to the remembrance of the
)rinthian church its former character, in
bich 'ye were all of you,' he tells them,
umbleminded, not boasting of anything,
siring rather to be subject than to govern,
give than to receive, being content with
ejtortion God had dispensed to j'ou, and
arkening diligently to his words; ye were
larged in your bowels, having his sufferings
ways before your eyes. Ye contended day
d "night for the whole brotherhood, that
th compassion and a good conscience the
imber of his elect might be saved. Ye were
icere, and without offence, towards each other.
3 bewailed every one his neighbor's sins, es-
ming their defects your own.' His prayer
r them was the ' return of peace, long-
fl:'ering, and patience,' and his advice to
ose, who might have been the occasion of
ffeience in the society, is conceived in the
ac spirit, and with a perfect knowledge of
e Christian character: ' Who is there among
lu that is generous? Who that is compas
)n:tte ? Who that has any charity? Let
m sav : If this sedition, this contention, and
ese schisms be upon my account, I am read}'
depart, to go away whithersoever ye please,
id do whatsoever ye shall command me, only
the flock of Christ be in peace with the elders
10 are set over it. He that shall do this, shall
:t to himself a verj' great honor in the Lord ;
id there is no place but what will be ready
receive him : for the earth is the Lord's,
id the fullness thereof. These things tlieij,
ho have their conversation towards God,
it to be repented of, both have done, and
11 always be ready to do.' "
" 1850, 3d mo. 11th. There is need of more
ligious d *pth and feeling in many, to qualify
em for service in the church. * * * The
'ssent state of the Society, calls for a more
'vent travail, on the part of those who are
nsible of it, and a more united application to
e Great Mead of the church, for wisdom and
rength to labor for reformation among us. —
mrnal of William Evans.
The, Values of Gold and Silver.— ll&nj peo-
ple have a desire to know the value of gold
and silver in bulk, and to this end wo have
secured the following fi-om Professor J. F. L.
Schirmei', superintendent of the branch mint
in this city, and it may be relied upon as cor-
rect. The fineness of Colorado gold and the
calculation of values on gold and silver are
also given. It is a matter of considerable
value, and should be cut out and preserved.
One ton (2,000 pounds avoirdupois) of gold
or silver contains 29,163 troy ounces, and,
therefore the value of a ton of pure gold is
8602.799.21, and of a ton of silver is, $.37,-
704.84.
A cubic loot of pure gold weighs 1,218.75
pounds avoirdupois; a cubic foot of pure silver
weighs 656.25 pounds avoirdupois.
One million dSllars gold coin weighs 3,685.8
pounds avoirdupois; one million dollars silver
coin weighs 58,929.9 pounds avoirdupois.
If there is one per cent, of gold or silver in
one ton of ore, it contains 291.63 ounces, troy,
of either of these metals.
The average fineness of the Colorado gold
is 781 in 1,000, and the natural alloy: gold,
781 ; silver, 209; copper, 10: total 1,000.
'J'he calculations at the mint are made on
the basis that 43 ounces of standard gold, or
900 fine (coin), is worth SSOO, and 11 ounces
of silver, 900 fine (coin), is worth §12.80. —
Denver News.
Corrupting food ! for any to feed upon the
faults of others. These things stagnate the
circulation of life in meetings, and may be
compared to thefo.Kes which spoil the precious
vines.
THE FRIEND.
SECOND MONTH 14, 1874.
The matter of first moment for the wel-
fare of our religious Society, is that its mem-
bers should be brought individually under
the government of the Spirit of Truth ; in
order that they may be begotten into the one
Divine life, and grow up in true brotherly
love and fellowship. Were this happily the
case, though there might be less need for the
frequent exercise of the gift of gospel minis-
try, as each one would be better prepared to
receive strength, encouragement and instruc-
tion immediately from the fullness of Christ,
it would be still an invaluable blessing to the
church, and the danger would be greatly
lessened of a spurious ministry springing up
or being tolerated, or its evil effects widely
spreading.
But in the present state of the Societj', with
some crying Lo ! here is Christ, and oLhers
Lo! He is there, it is of the utmost import-
ance that all 1^0 desire to stand firmly for
the doctrines and testimonies of the gospel,
which the Head ot the church requires Friends
to maintain and illustrate before the world,
should not allow themselves to be moved
from the ground on which Friends have al-
ways rested their claim to possess a true,
gospel ministry — a ministry prepared and
authorized by Him who is Head over all
things to his church. We are therefore glad
that this subject has been discreetly treated
by a valued correspondent, whose views will
be found in our columns to day.
We think no one whose spiritual faculties
are not benumbed, can fail to know, that
while we are yet blessed with a living go.spel
ministry, there is also a ministiv of words, or
of the letter, acquired by imitation or stud}-
and practice; ofien accompanied with fluency
■ speech and fervency of mannir, but lacking
the baptizing power of the Holy (ihost. The
ittcr niay tickle the ears and arrest the at-
tention of tho.se who ])refer to bo amused by
fluent doctrinal teaching, to striving to have
tluMr minds turned to the gilt of grace within,
and waiting, in the silence of all flesh, to at-
tain to that worship which is in spirit and iu
truth ; but it begets its own likeness, and
though the words may be sound, and be re-
ceived in the understatiditig, the}' cannot build
any one upon the most holy faith of the gos-
pel : " The kingdom of God is not in word, but
in ])ower. "
JJaniel Wheeler saiil in one of our meet-
ings, '' There is a ministry in this land which,
if not checked, will eat out every green thing."
Have not its ravages been fearfully extensive
in some jiarts of the heritage? It is one of
the natural consequences of an uiuiuthorized
and spurious ministry, to enlist others in the
same superficial work, and to make restraint,
and the ju'dgment of those who may not unite
with their services, irksome and intolerable.
Bence the efforts made to break down the
good order and discipline relating to the ac-
knowledgment of ministers, the a))))ointment
and duty of elders, and the regulating of their
select meetings. These have no little self-
confidence, and charge intolerance and lord-
in" over the heritage, upon those who, in
-;ome measure of the discerning spirit that
clothed the apostle, strive to know " not the
speech of them which are putted up, but the
power."
The anointed minister of the gospel may
rightly magnify his office; while the sense of
its inseparable responsibilities, and his own
many frailties, and entire dependence on his
Master for his gift, and power to exercise it
aright, will keep him humble and teachable.
The divinely gifted elder will always bo in
close sympathy with the truly baptized min-
ister ; travailing with him or her for the
arising of divine life, rejoicing with him when
it springs up, and united to him in the fel-
lowship of suft'ering, when it is under oppres-
sion. Both need to bear constantly in mind
that the subtlety of evil in the human heart,
if admitted or tampered with, acts upon them
as upon others; and that from the positions
they occupy, there may be increased danger
of their attention being diverted from close
self examination, and watchfulness over their
own spiritual life. There is such a thing as
a temptation to assume a sort of official piety,
which may be supposed to adhere to the sta-
tions; and that the one being engaged in
promulgating the truths of the gosjiol, and
the other in watching over, counselling and
upholding the ministry, each is in itself a
sufficient assurance ot experiencing the ap-
plication and efficacy of those truths for the
salvation of the soul.
There is another danger to which ministers
who may have been rightly called to and
qualified for service.. are exposed: especially
ihose who are in the way of travelling about
a great deal, and whose services may bo
longed for by almost every audience ; which
is, falling into a formal habit of preaching,
as though it was a stated duty connected with
their relation to the church, and as though
208
THE FRIEND.
their position and standing could, of them-
selves, give sanction or life to what thej' iilter.
It is possible in this waj' to lose the gift,
without hardlj' being aware of it.
Jn every ease, with both minister and elder,
preservation is to be experienced by keejiing
near to the feet of their compassionate, omnis-
cient Lord ami Master; who sees all the snares
set for their feet ; who remembers that they are
but dust, and gives grace to overcome in pro-
portion to the subtlety and power of the
temptation ; and who is ever ready to keep
them clothed with the armor of light, that
80 no weapon formed against them sliall pros-
per, and every tongue that shall rise in judg-
ment they shall condemn. This is the heri-
tage of the SL'rvants of the Lord, and their
righteousness is of me, sailh tlie Lord.
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
Foreign. — The L4ections for members of Parliament
liave been attended with p;i'eat excitement, and in many
instances with rioting and violence. The result lias
been unfavorable to the Liberal party. The returns
announced up to the 9th inst. showed that 91 Conser-
vatives had been elected to .seats formerly tilled liy
Liberals, and that 27 Liberals had been chosen in place
of Con.servatives. It was no longer doubted that the
latter would have control of the governmeifl.
Gladstone will await the conclusion of the elections
before deciding as to what course he and his colleagues
will take. Some of the London papers, however, think
it q\iite certain that the Gladstone ministry will resign
before the new Parliament assembles.
The success of the Conservatives is attributed to the
division of the Liberal party in regard to female suf-
frage, the education act and other measures, and the
violent language sometimes used by the supporters of
the workingmen'a candidates.
On the olh inst. a dispatch was received in London
from Sir Garnet Wolseley, in which he says: " ,\11 the
white prisoners held by the Ashantees have been de-
livered to me. The king accepts my terms for the ces-
Bation of hostilities, which he asked, and has agreed
to pay an indemnity of £200,000. We halt for a few
days thirty miles from Coomassie."
A London dispatch of the 9th says: So fir in the
Parliamentary election, 509 members have been cho.sen.
Of this number 207 are Conservatives, and 242 Liberals
and Home-rulers.
London, 2d mo. 9th.— Consols 92. U. S. sixes, 1S6.5,
108|; new fives, 102].
Liverpool. — Uplands cotton 7§(f. ; Orleans, 8} a Sid.
Average California white wheat, 13,'!. -id. a 13s. Scl. per
100 lb. Red winter wheat, Vis. 3d. a 12s. &d. ; spring,
lis. 10c?. a 12s. .W
The latest advices from Sumatra show that the Atch-
cnese chiefs still hold out, and are building forts in the
interior.
A great anti-Catholic meeting was held in Berlin on
the 7th inst., and was attended by many persons of dis-
tinction. A resolution was adopted thanking the peo-
ple of England for their recent nianilestation of sym-
pathy for Germany in its contest with the jrapacy. "
The following particulars are given of the component
elements of the newly elected German I'arliament : Out
of 392 members, there are 22-5 Ministerial Liberals and
10 doubtful Liberals, or about 2o-") on whom the Govern-
ment may rely for support. The opposition number
157, consisting of 100 Ultramonlanes, 10 Parlicularists,
15 Poles and D:ines, 10 Alsatians, 10 Conservatives and
12 .Socialists.
Archbishop Ledochowski has been arrested and sent
to Ostrow, in the province of Posen, where he will be
imprisoned in accordance with the sentence of the court.
The em|ieror has declined to intervene in the case, not-
withstanding the great influences brought to bear in the
archbishop's favor.
Thirty thousand unemployed workmen in A'ienna
have petitioned the government for relief
Buffet has been re-elected President of the French
Assembly.
Nine hundred Communists remain in prison awaiting
trial.
Tlie Budget Committee have voted to recommend an
appropriation of $300,000 for repairing the damage
done during the last days of the Commune to the public
buildings of Pari.s, including the Tuilleries and Palais
Royal.
Intelligence has been received in Madrid of a severe
engagement near Lerida, between the Republicans and
Carlists, in which the latter were defeated. The Car-
lists were about opening the bombardment of Eilboa.
The city is provisioned for two months, and the govern-
ment will take measures for its relief
Gen. Sickles, U. S. Minister, has taken final leave of
I the Spanish government, and placed his Secretary in
charge of the Legation.
The cholera has appeared in Buenos Ayres. The
insurrection in Entro Rio was not entirely ended.
Some bands hold out in the interior.
A special dispatch to the Daily News from St. Peters-
bui'g, says Russia has refused to send goods to the Ex-
hibition to be held in Philadelphia in 1876, alleging
that it is a private undertaking.
Mexican advices state that the revolution in Yucatan
is gaining strength. The Indians have plundered and
burned the town of Canatcbel, in that State. Com-
plaints are made that the merchants of Balize sell arms
and ammunition to the \''ucatan insurgents.
The press complains of injury to Mexican interests
caused by the introduction into fsreign commerce of
the new United States trade dollar.
Judge Ramirez, of the Supreme Co\irt, says Me.xico
is a Republic only in name, being in reality governed
by a military despotism.
A new company has been organized to lay a light
cable from the coast of Great Britain to Halifax, by way
of the -Azores. The capital is £380,000, and the pro-
spectus says it is the intention of the company to convey
messages at the rate of one shilling per word.
The insurgent refugees from Cartagena who have not
been convicted of crime, have been released by the
French auliiorities at Oran. Two of the leaders, Con-
treras and Ferrey, refused to accept their discharge.
Contreras is writing an account of the siege of Carta-
gena.
Venezuela journals of the 22il ult., contain a procla-
mation of the President of the re[iublic, inviting immi-
gration, and offering facilities and assistance to immi-
grants.
United State.s. — There were 479 interments in
New York city last week.
The interments in Philadelphia numbered 306, in-
cluding 106 children under two years of age. There
were 80 deaths of consumption, 14 typhoid fever, 10
scirlet fever, and 38 inflammation of the lungs.
The War Department has prepared a statement in
response to a resolution of the House of Representatives,
showing that from April 12th, 1861, to August 20th,
1866, during the late war, the disbursements by army
paymasters were Sl,094,.500,000. The whole number
of paymasters employed was 541.
The industry of the State of Maine is reported to be
prosperous and growing in importance. The total
number of cotton factories in the State is 27, and the
amount of production for the year 1873 $12,427,670.
Five new companies are about to go into operation.
There are 1 12 manufactories of boots and shoes, with a
capital of $1,863,964. In the fisheries 861 vessels are
employed, the total value tif the product exceeding
S800,000. The value of the leather tanned and curried
was $3,187,300. There are .'i29 saw-mills which pro-
duce lumber to the value of $5,184,445, the whole num-
ber of saw-mills is 1109, and the total production about
810,000,000. Ship building has revived, and last year
276 ve.ssels were built, with a tonnage of 89,817, valued
at 85,399,000.
The last report of the American Iron and Steel .Asso-
ciation represents that brancli of industry in a depressed
condition. The recent commercial panic aflccted the
iron interest in a greater degree than almost any other.
At a recent date one-third of the blast mills and two-
thirds of the rail mills of the country were idle, the
blast furnaces having 12,522 hands unemployed, and
the rail mills 11,400 hands idle, and 10,150 working on
half time. The rate of wages piaid has also been greatly
reduced. The building of railroads4Jas for the present
almost entirely ceased.
The national House of Representatives has passed a
resolution, by a vote of 170 to 64, declaring it to be
within the constitutional power of Congress by law so
to regulate commerce among the Slates, as to protect
that portion of our internal commerce which is among
the several Slates from unjust or oppressive tolls, taxes,
obstructions or other burdens, whether imposed by rail-
road companies or by combinations thereof or by other
common carriers, and that the incsent condition and
magnitude of the commerce among the Slates demand
the prompt and wise exerci.se of those [lowers and
duties.
The Marketa, &c. — The following were the quotations
on the 9th inst. Neio York. — American gold, 112.
U. S. sixes, 1881, 119i; ditto, 5-20, 1868, 119i; ditto,
10-40 5 per cents, 115J. Superfine flour, $6 a $6.3
State extra, $6.60 a *7 ; finer brands, $7.50 a $11. Jj
1 Chicago spring wheat, $1.60 ; No. 2 do., $1.55 a Sl.S
red western, .>1.62 a $1.64; white Michigan, $1.9
Jersey oats, 54 a 574 cts. ; western, 60 a 63 cts. Ne
western mixed corn, 81 a 84 cts. ; do. white, 85 cte
Jersey yellow, 80 a 82 cts. Philadelphia. — Middliiij
cotton, 16 a 17 cts. Superfine flour, $5 a S5.50 ; extra
$6 a$6.50 ; finer brands, r7 a il0.50. Red wheat,$l.,'
a $1.65; amber, 81.68 a $1.70 ; white, j?l.S5 a $1.9(
No. 1 spring, $1.60 a $1.72. Yellow corn, 76 a 78 cl
Rye, 96 cts. Oats, 58 a 64 cts. Clover seed, 8J a i
cts. Lard, 9t a 10 cts. Sales of about 3000 beef catt
at 7^ a 8 cts. per lb. gross for extra ; 6 a 7 cts., for fa
to good, and 4 a 5; els. for common. Sheep sold at
a 7^1 cts. per lb. gross and hogs at $9.25 u a9.'50 per IC
lb. net for corn fed. Receipts 5000 head. Chieago,-
No. 1 spring wheat, $1.24; No. 2 do., $1.19; No.
do., $1.16. Corn, 57.1 cts. Oats, 42} cts. Spring b.arle
$1.70 a $1.75. Lard, 9 cts. St. Louis.— 'So. 2 spric
wheat, $1.22i cts.; No. 3 fall, 81.44. No. 2 mixed con
59 cts. No. 2 oats, 47 cts. Clncianati.—W'heii, $1.4
a .«1.50. Corn, 59 a 63 cts. Oals, 46 a 54 cts. Ey
97 a 99 els. Baltimore.— KvA wheat, S1..50 a $1.6
Western oats, 58 a 62 cts.
WANTED.
Superintendent and Matron for Emlen Institutit
for benefit of boys of .•\frican and Indian descer '
Farm in Bucks county. Pa.: a good practical farme
and wife, a tidy managing housekeeper, both qualifii
for tlie pro|ier training of youth for usefulness on ear
and a preparation for heaven, .^ddre.ss,
Israel H. Johnson, No. 16 North Seventh St.
Thos. Stewardson, Jr., cor. Mill and Chew S
Germantown, Philadelphia.
1st mo. 27tli, 1874.
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
A Stated Meeting of the Committee on Instructi(
will be held on Seventh-day, the 21st instant, at 10 A. ,i
in the Committee-room, Arch St. Meeting-house.
Charles J. Allen,
Philada. 2d mo. 11th, l.?74. Clerk.
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
As the stations of Superintendent and Matron of tl
Institution are expected to be vacated at the close of 1
Winter Session, in the 4lh month next. Friends \vl
may feel drawn to undertake the duties atlachcil
them, are requested to communicate thereon with eiili
of the following named members of the Committee.
Nathaniel N. Stokes, Cinnaminson Post-oiiii
Burlington Co., N. J.
Charles Evans, No. 702 R.ace St., Phil.adelphi:'
Deborah Rhoads, Iladdonlield, N. J. I
Rebecca S. Allen, No. 335 S. Fifth St., Philadi
FRIENDS' BOARDING SCHOOL FOR INDIA!
CHILDREN, TUNESASSA, NEW YORK.
A teacher of the school will be wanted at the coi
mencement of the Spring term. Also a Friend to a
as assistant matron.
Application may be made to
Ebenezer Worth, Mar.shallton, Chester Co., Pa j
Joseph Scattergood, 413 Spruce St., Philada. >j
.\aron Sharpless, Street Road P. O., Chest' '
Co., Pi.
Thomas Wistar, Fox Chase P. O., Philada.
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE.
Near Frankford, (Twenty-third Ward,) Philadelphia
Physician and Superintendent — JosHliA H. Wort
tNOTON, M. D.
Applications for the Admission of Patients mav
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Boaril
Managers.
Died, at Wilmington, Del., 1st mo. 19th, 1874,
the 27th year of her age, Elizabeth T., wife of Jol
R. Bringhurst, and dauffhter of Joseph jnd Sarah J
Tatnall, a member of Wilmington Monthly Meetin
Her relatives and friends are comforted in the beli
that her end was pence.
, First montli 26ih. 1873, Sarah M., wife
John M. Saunders, in the 53d year of hor aije, a niei
ber of Woodbury Monthly and Particular Meetii
New Jersey.
wYLLIA"RrH."pi'LE,'pRiNTEK
No. 422 Walnut Street.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURIS^AL.
VOL. XLVII.
SEVEXTH-DAY, SECOND MONTH 21, 1874.
NO. 27.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
■ice Two Dollars per annum, if paid in advance. Two
dollars and fifty cents, if not paid in advance.
SabscriptioDB aud Paymeutd received b;
JOHN S. STOKES,
IT XO. Ill) N'ORTH FOURTH STREKT, UP STAIRS,
PHII.ADEI.FHIA.
istage, when paid quarterly in advance, five cents.
For •' The Friend."
Iceoant of Refcnl Ailvrntiirrs and Suffering in
llic Arctic Regions.
iCjutiuued from [i^^e 202.
At llie end of the Fourth month, suddenly
ipeared among them, the two hunters who
.iJ been lost in one of the snowstorms, on
leir journey, as bolbre rchxtcd : their names
ere Ole Olson and Ilenrilc Nielsen. How
ad the}' passed almost six month.-*, enveloped
,. polar darkness, and how had they survived
;.ligue whicdi seemed beyond human abilitj-
[i bear? They gave the following account
r them-'elves to their companions: When
icy found themselves separated from their
illow-travellers their distress was great, the
liow whieli fell in squalls had entirely etf.iced
le track of the sledge, and th-^y thought that
leir comrade^, deprived of their aid, would
)t bo able to pursue their journey but would
iturn to tlic Russian hou.'^es. They returned
lere themselves, not without difficulty, for
le weather wtis so unfavorable that four days
ere occupied in accomjilishing the journey.
id the}' had at the time vt' the separation
lly about a pound of flesh in their posse.s-
on. Finally, w'hen near the cabin, Nielse.n
oking bade perceived that ho had lost his
irapanion ; too weali to go in search of him,
dragged himself as well as be could to one
the little houses, struck a tire, roasted some
ts of fox flesh, ate a few mouthfuls and tell
to a deep sleep or stupor near the tire.
Isen had fallen on the sno.w without strength
^d voiceless, and lay there for some time in
ewoon ; when he came to himself hunger
rmented him cruelly, he gnawed with his
eth some bits of fresh reindeer skin which
rved him as a garment, and drairged him-
If a few steps more towards the house-i,
hich ho had jierceived. but hisstrengili failed
m again, aud seeing the abandoned boat he
ept into it. Re-;t restored his strength in
me degree, and making a last etfort he suc-
eded in renchiug the litilo house, there he
lawed at the bones which his companion
.d broken, and fell by the side of Nielsen.
In the morning the fwo unhappy men ar-
nged matters as well as they could, despair-
Ecof the lives of their comrades, whom they
Ueved to be engulphed in the snow, and
signed themselves to winter q^uarters which
they would have to occupy for more than five
months. During the first fiftcfn days the}-
took no game; they continued to gnaw the
bits of bone which they had thrown away
during their jirevions stay in the cabin, bul
which they now carefully collected, this, how-
ever, would not have been suflieient of itsdi
for forty-eight hours, if they liad not found
buried under the snow, in the neighborhood
of the little houses, some bits of fi'nzen flesh
of seals and bears which their predecessors,
the Russians, had killed. iSlear the end oi
tlie Twelfth month they succeeded in killing
a reindeer, but found to their dismay on re-
luming from tlie (base, that their fire had
gone out, and that they had no more matches;
but hap])ily they succeeded in setting on fire,
by the aid of their guns, some shreds of homij
which tliey had extracted from a bit of cord
age. Thus they were again supplied with
fire, but as wood was failing, they had to de-
stroy one of the two httle houses for fuel.
Again they Inid to exert all their ingenuity,
tor we may remember that they had none ol
the fi'v.' tools which had been sujjplied from
the shi|i to the little company, these having
bren carried on in the sledge, at tlie time ol
their separation from their comrades; they
detached i\-oin the abandoned boat, a bar ot
iron which they flattened by beating with a
stone until they .'•haped it into a sort of knife.
Nails from the boat, treated in a similar man-
ner, were afterwards transformed into coarse
needles, by the aid of which they conld make
fen- themselves garments of reindeer skin.
They made thread of slender strips cut from
the skins, or of small twino fabricated from
hair, or fibres taken from the sails of the boat.
During their stay they succeeded in killing
eleven reindeer and one bear, thus they sur-
vived until near the end of the Fourth month.
At this period there remained to them ouly
three charges of powder, and impelled by the
prospect of famine, they abandoned their
refuge and directed their course towards the
south, thus uneonseiously moving directly
towards the cabin of the Samoiades, where
the meeting with their companions seemed
scarcely less miraculous to one party than to
the other.
The now united company of Norwegians
remained at Gansenonos for three weeks;
meanwhile the jjrovisions collected by the
Samoiades being exhausted more ra]iid!y than
ever, they ])ereeived that there was danger
of involving these poor savages in a common
eatastro])he if they continued longer witli
them. After so many adventures, five of
these heroic sailors attempted another, — the
sixth, Johan Anderson, could not make up his
mind to quit his good friends, the Samoiades,
and remained with them, — the others depart-
ed for the Rus-ian house to seek the aban-
doned boat, which they found without difli-
culty. They were obliged to drag it over the
ice for two days, but as it was so heavy, and
as a large portion of the stern was demolished,
they cut it in two and returned to G:in,senon08
A-ith the forward end. After spemling three
days here, aided by the Samoiades, they re-
placed the stern of the boat by a largo soal-
■ikin, and it was in this strange vessel that our
five navigators cml)arke<l upon the open sea.
By dint of rowing I hoy managed in six
Jays to land on the Waiga'z Islands, where
: bey found another encanijiment of Sam uades
who proved themselves as kindly disposed as
the first, but it was dillieult to communicalo
with them, for they spoke neither Russian
•lor Finnish. After re■^ting eit;ht dnys they
were transported by their hosts on a sledge
towards the south of the island, there they
hailed a vessel which conveyed t!iem to their
■ountry without further adventures worthy
of note: they were but four in number, the
filth, Lars Lirsen, remained with the last
company of Samoiades, induced by the plea-
sures of their hospitality.
So in the Eighth month, 1873, four men
only of the crew of The Preya v.'ere restored
to their homes after a wonderful succe.'-sion of
hardships, one had died buried in tho enow,
where no doubt the boars had devoured his
body, and two others remained with the
.Samoiades; as to Captain Tobiesen, his son,
tho cook and the first mato, no news has been
received of them.
In striking contrast with the foregoing ac-
count of difficulties overcome by the s:;ilor8
of "The Freya," is the history of tho catas-
trophe of Mitterhuk.
A severe frost which occurred in the polar
regions in the Ninth month, li<12, had shut
u]) in the ice, to tho north of Sjiitzbergea, a
number of Norwegian fishing vessels; this
unusual circumstance, sad as it was, did not
excite extreme alarm in Norway for tho safety
of the sailors, for it was known tiiat the giv-
ernment had taken the precaution to erect at
Mitterhuk, one of the points of Cape Tiiordsen,
a solid wooden house, furnished with abund-
ance of provisions of every kind. Tho cap-
tains of the vessels frequenting those desolate
shores, knew of the existence of this asylum,
and it was hoped that tho greater part of
those belonging to the vessels so caught,
would take up their winter quarters there.
In point of fact this was the case with a num-
ber whoso crews, after having vainly awaited
in their vessels a return of fine weather, com-
prehended early in the Tenth month that they
must deciile to winter there.
About the middle of the Tenth month two
boats crossed the arm of the sea which scpa-
j rates Graahukfrom Mitterhuk, the thormome-
tor at that time indicating a temperature of
' from 1-t decrees above to 4 det^roes below zero,
'Fahrenheit. This extreme reduction ol tho
temperature in the midst of autumn, afforded
a singular conti-ast to tho coudiiion of the sea
which was stdl navigable. This phenome-
non was attributable to the effect of certain
streams of warm water brought by one of the
branches of tho Gulf Stream.
210
THE FRIEND.
The house of refuge at Mitterhuk was large
and warm; it coutuined not only abundant
provisions in food, in clothing, in combustible
material, and other things, but also imple-
ments suited to encourage activity in those
who might become its occupants, for it is only
by brisk exertion of the muscular forces that
one is able to combat the two most terrible
maladies of those countries, namel}', lethargy
and scurvy. The seamen who arrived there,
as before mentioned, were seventeen in num-
ber, one had died during the journej'. They be-
longed chiefly to the crew of "The Mattilas,"
which, like " The Freya," had left part of her
men to try to pass the winter on board. It
is probable that among the refugees there
was no intelligent and energetic head, but
that each man abandoned himself to his own
inclination.
(To be concluded.)
For "Tbe Friond."
Inconsistencies; or a Drpartnre from Simplicity
in our Dwellings and Families.
(Concluded from page 206.)
" I may truly say, that nearly as long as I
have been privilege(i by an acquaintance with
the homes and families of Friends (which
though I was born a member, is not long),
I have at times almost mourned at the great
relaxation from gospel strictness, and simpli-
city of living, so evident amongst us. Surely,
I have thought, if we were to cast out the
crowd of opinions, which have got the first
place in our minds, — opinions founded or cher-
ished by custom, example and education in
the good, and by vanity or something worse,
in the bad ; antl if wo were coolly and calmly
to listen to the silent dictates of best wisdom,
we should clearly see, that the holy principle
which we profess (to use the words of John
Woolman), inevitably 'leads those who faith-
fully follow it, to apply all the gifts of Divine
Providence to the purposes to which they are
intended.' I venture to say, we should then find
a greater necessity laid upon us, to exercise
self-denial in what we are apt to tiiink little
matters, than is now often thought of; we
should have such a testimony to bear against
superfluity, exti'avagance, ostentation, incon-
sistency, and the unreasonable use of those
things which perish with the using, as we
now profess to have, against the more fla-
grantly foolish customs and fashions of the
world."
John Woolman, "On the right use of the
Lord's outward gifts," writes. "As our un-
derstandings are opened by the pure light,
wo experience that through an inward ap
preaching to God, the mind is strengthened
in obedience ; and that by gratifying these
desires which are not of his begetting, these
approaches to him are obstructed, and the
deceivable spirit gains strength.
" These truths being as it were engraven on
our hearts, and our everlasting interest in
Christ evidently concerned therein, we become
fervently engaged, that nothing may be nour-
ished that tends to feed pride or self-love in
us. Thus in pure obedience, wo are not only
instructed in our duty to God, but also in the
afi'airs which necessarily relate to this life,
and the Spirit of Truth which guides into all
truth, leavens the mind with a pious concern,
that 'whatsoever we do in word or deed, may
be done in His name.'
"Hence such buildings, furniture, food and
raiment, as best answer our necessities, and are
least likely to feed that selfish spirit which is
our enemj', are the most acceptable to us.
"As my meditations have been on these
things, compassion hath filled my heart to-
ward ray fellow creatures, involved in cus-
toms, which have grown up in tlie wisdom of this
world, which is foolishness with God." O that
the youth may be so thoroughly experienced
in an humble walking before the Lord, that
they may be his children, and know him to
be their refuge, their safe unfailing refuge,
through the various dangers attending this
uncertain state of being."
Thomas Shillitoe, in closing an address to
Friends, thus writes: "I must now conclude,
with expressing the earnest solicitude I feel,
that we may each of us be found willing to
unite with that all-sufficient help, which, I
believe, yet waits our acceptance ; and suff'er
it so to operate in and upon us, that we maj-
become a people wholly separated in heart and
mind, love and affection, /ro»t everything that
has a tendency to dim our brightness, to pre-
vent us from being as lights in the world ;
and be clothed with those beautiful garments,
which so adorned our worihj^ ancestors — hu-
mility, self denial, and an entire dedication of
heart to the work and service of our God ; a
disposition truly characteristic of the disciples
of him, who declared, 'My kingdom is not of
this world:' and thus may the enemy 'no
longer be permitted to rob and spoil us, but
the language go forth respecting us, 'Happy
art thou, O Israel, who is like unto thee, O
people ; saved by the Lord.' "
Fi'om the "Memoirs of William Lewis," the
following testimony is extracted : " Can there
be stronger delusions in judgment than to
suppose the seeking riches and honor and the
enjo3'ment of sensual pleasure in this present
world, compatible with the example of our
Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ? JJoes it not
seem as if the first great deceiver and foe of
man had so spread his delusive influence in
the human mind, as to pervade all its powers ?
seeing the bulk of professors conclude they
have taken him, the Messiah, for their Law-
giver and pattern, whilst they are not only
alloiving but seeking softness and elegance in
their dwellings ; fulness of bread, and in some
instances ' abundance of idleness' in their
daily course; and in most, less attentions
and solicitudes God-ward, than contrivances
and expense to have the iiiuts of the earth
before the sun can put them forth ! * * *
We may, though having ej-es, be yet so blind
as not to see the open, glaring contrariety ex-
hibited in the allowed practice of the day, to
the plain doctrines and uniform example of a
world-renouncing Lord ; such blindness may
(through our conformity to its manners) come
upon us who are professors ; but this, I think,
we may be assured of, that the enemies of the
Lord Jesus, deists and infidels of every class,
are, and will continue to be more quick-sight-
ed ; the broad sneer of derision will be on
their countenances ; sarcastic strictures will
be freely allowed and remain unrcpelled.
' These pilgrims and strangers, say the}", seem
to get a little reconciled to this foreign clime,
though so fiir from their native country and
their father's house ; this howling wilderness,
as they call it, appears, some how or other,
to have )-eccivod a manure that hath so en-
riched the soil as to render it capable of pro-
ducing very pleasant fruits, even to their re-
fined taste ; and like us who know of no better
portion than our good things in this life, they
seem to sit down, each under his own vine ar
under his own fig tree; so that, though
seems we are to be forever separated ai tl
end of the journey — they raised up to evei-lai
ing glory for having followed, as they phra;
it, a crucified Lord, and we consigned to shun
and everlasting contempt for having denii
him, yet we really appear to be travelling :
the same direction ; at least we go in gre:
harmonjMo Ljether, and walk through this va
of tears as friends."
He continues, " Oh how long I how Ion;
shall the enemies of the cross of Christ hai
cause thus to triumph?" &c.
For "The Friend.'
lllaryville Report.
A visit to the schools, from Okolona, Mia
up to this place, and other very ui-gent clain
on my time, have delayed the issuing of "Tl
Monitor." A double sheet is being prepare
with an account of the action of the Co:
mittee, the occupation of the new building, t]
progress of Normal Class, &c. It was thoug
riotbest to print till it could be done wi
full ini'orniation ; and especially not until su
able acknowledgments could be made to t
kindness of Friends in England and eh
where. This last consideration is the can
of tbe ptesent writing. Y. Warner,
Maryville, 211 mo. 4tli, 1874.
Wild Animals in Siam. — Moukot, in t'1
course of his explorations in the more thin-
peopled ]iortionsof the country, had freque;
opportunities of witnessing the dangers ail
losses occasioned the natives by elephan;,
tio-ers, leopards and other unwelcome neig-
bors. In one place he observes : " In this pci
of the coiintiy the Siamese declare they ca.
not cultivate bananas on account of the e.
phants, which at times come down from ti
mountains and devour the leaves, of whii
they are very fond. The roj'al and oth|
tigers abound here ; every night they pi-o
about in the vicinity of the houses, and in t
moniings we can see the print of their lat
claws in the sand and in the clay near strean
By day they retire to the mountain. wh(
they lurk in close and inaccessible thicke
Now and then you may get near enough
one to have a shot at him, but generall}', i
less sutt'ering from hunger, they fly at tJ
approach of man. A few da.ys ago I safliJ
young Chinese who had nineteen wounds i|
his bodj', made by one of these animals : ■
was looking out fi'om a tree about nine I -
high, when the cries of a kid, tied to annil •
tree at a short distance, attracted a l;u>
tiger. The young. man fired at it, but, thou .
mortally wounded, the creature, collecting 1
his strength for a final spring, leajied on ii|
enemy, seized him and pulled him dov,'|
tearing his flesh frightfullj' with teeth ai'l
claws, as thej^ rolled on the ground. Happ "■■
for the poor man, it was a dying effort, al:
in a few moments more the tiger relaxed it
hold and breathed its last."
While still sojourning in this ncighborhol
he says: " I had come to the conclusion tU
there was little danger in traversing the wo' <
here, and in our search for butterflies a I
other insects, we often took no other ar^
than a hatchet and hunting knife, while Nil
had become so confident as to go by iiii'
with Phrai to lie in wait for stags. Our sei '
of security was, however, rudely shaken wb>
one evening a panther rushed upon one of i} >
THE FRIEND.
211
ogs eloso to my door. The poor animul
ttered a heart-rending cry, which broughi
8 all out, as well as our neighbors, each torch
I hand. Finding themselves face to face
■ith a panther, they in turn raised their
Dices in loud screams; but it was too late for
le to get my gun, for in a moment the beast
■as out of reach."
For "Tbc FrkoJ."
John Heald.
(CoDtiuuifd from page 203.)
" 10th mo. 5th. We went on to Danville,
here was no meeting there, but a few Fi'iends,
ho had become members at their own re
uest, and livetl 30 miles from tiie nearest
iceting. With these and their neighbors we
ad a meeting, in which as way opened, I was
ivored to treat of several things to satisfac-
,on. Some of them, I understood, said they
bought there was something suitable for each
tate present, and manj- were tendered. We
favelled thirty miles there and thirty back.
nd lodged at Joseph Austin's. In the course
f the evening, we were favored with a pre-
ions opportunity, in which a young woman
ras remarkably tendered.
6th. We returned to Montpelier, called a
hort time at J. Austin's, and had a sweet
arting season. I felt the renewal of the fore-
•oing "opportunity ; in sweet feeling of luve
id a final farewell to these dear, old friends,
nd also the precious young woman. It ap-
ears most likely that I may never see her
gain, and oh, how I desire she may be f;\ith-
nl.
8th. Wo attended the meeting at Starks-
orough, at which was accomplished the mar-
iage of Thomas Taber and Miriam Worth.
:'he meeting was long before it gathei-ed. I
lad trying exercise in it in silence, and more
o while engaged in testimony. There is that
irhich withholdeth more than is meet, and it
endeth to poverty. This I first stated, and
bowed that neglecting our duty tendeth to
lOvert}', and doing more than is required
endeth to poverty also, and indulging in that
•ye know to be wrong, impoverishes and keeps
lis poor. Such as abide in a watchful state,
nd carefully attend to duty, and do not ex-
eed, will come to know that though there is
si/uttering abroad, an increase will be known.
• ^■•■ral bore testimony afterwards, for there
many who are public [ministers] here,
-rill old and young, men and women.
After having some refresh ments,ElihuIIoag
ook us in his carriage to Lincoln, where we
lad notice sent on of two meetings, one at 10,
he other at 3 o'clock.
9lh. At the morning meeting, my mind
vas easy, and no prospect for a while of say-
ng anything, but a small concern presented,
ind attending to that, way opened for more.
S'ear the close of my testimony, I came on
he subject of forgiving those who injure us
md trespass against us, so that we may pray
0 be forgiven as we forgive. This lesson is
lard to be learned, but necessary.
The afternoon meeting was favored. The
eelings of many were touched with tender-
les^s, and supplication for a continuation of
kvor was made by Elihu Hoag. The meet-
ng concluded with thankfulness.
The next day we went to Joseph Hoag's,
vhere we were received and entertained in a
ilain but comfortable manner. On the 12th
loseph accompanied us to Shoram, where
ivere a few Friends living, who had become
'•oncerned to meet together, even before they
became members, and had continued to meet
■inco. We had a meeting on the 13th, with
them and some of their neighbors. 1 was con-
cerned to bear testimony to the usefulness of
silent waiting, and that our final close was a
-iuitablo subject for silent meditation, that
though it was profitable, yet it was a concern
much neglected bj' many. When I was clear,
our conductor followed. It was a good meet
ing, 1 think, and it was a comfort to ray mind
to have a sense that the Master still owned
us.
14th. At Granville, in the ear'y part of the
meeting, Amj- Dilliiigliam appeared in a short
but pertinent supplication for ability, whei-eby
we might acceptably worship God." John
lleald saj-s, that this concern so lived in his
mind, that he came forth in a testimony on
that great duty, showing that it was a Chris-
tian practice to meet together to wait upon
and worship God ; that our Saviour practised
it when ujion earth, and his disciples con-
tinued it, and one of his apostles left us the
injunction, "Forsake not the assembling of
yourselves together, as the manner of some
is." But he thought there was reason to fear
that the practice was continued by some in a
merel_y formal way. In speaking to the as-
sembl}-, bo was sensible of the ditiiculty of so
dividing the word that each should take what
was suitable for him — for the humble ones
niight reject the word of encouragement, from
a sense of their own unwortbiness, and take
to themselves the warnings designed for the
formalists, who on the other hand would ne-
glect the word of reproof, and appropriate
ihat which was pleasant, and which belonged
to others. He closes his account as follows :
^'The labor in this meeting was uncommonly
hard and close, but I endeavored to do it
honestly."
" IGth. Came in the evening to Greenfield,
to Elisha Anthony's, and were kindly enter-
tained. We were soon invited into a sitting-
room, where we had none of the company of
any of the family-, only the man himself,
though he had a large family. I like it better
not to be separated from them while in the
family.
17th. We had a full meeting of Friends
and others, and my mind was under no small
exercise. I became prepared to enter into
vocal labor, and said, that I thought it to be
my duty to set out from my habitation, and
to leave my near and dear connections, and
most of what men count dear, and to go when
I believed I should be nearest in mj- duty to
go; and when there, I have informed some of
my friends that I wanted an interview with
Friends thereaway, and such of their neigh-
bors as would choose to attend. Not seeing
any thing further to be done, we come to-
gether; and if that is all I find to do, I then
do no more ; and some seem to be satisfied
with being thus notified, and others appear to
be not quite so well satisfied ; but I do not
consider myself warranted to attempt to de-
liver testimony to please others, merely be
cause they might suppose they would be
gratifled with it. When I feel as I apprehend
a necessity to communicate, I attend to it,
but not otherwise. As I do not expect a re-
ward from man, if I am found worthy to have
a reward I depend for obtaining it from the
Author of my existence. Now I want you
to consider how careful you are to yield obe-
dience to the Divine requiring. I urged the
example of the householder that went out
earlj- to hire laborers into his vineyard, and
agreed with them for a pennj^ a day, and
again be went at other times of the day, and
liiej' were emplo^-ed to labor under the direc-
tion of the master; with much more. It was
a meeting I believe to profit.
19th. At Galway. After I bad waited under
trying concern until I believed the time had
come, I said : To fear God and work righteous-
ness is the way to bo accepted of Ilim. Here
it may be observed that we have no testimony
that I know of that assures us that those
who do wrong, an<l continue knowing!}- so to
do, shall be accepted. Therefore it becomes
])eople to consider timely what they are about.
It was the Apostle Peter's leslimoiiy : I per-
ceive God is no respecter of persons, but in
everj- nation he that fears God and works
righteousness is accepted of Him. Now con-
sider, can we expect acceptance without w^ork-
ing righteousness? and what do these right-
eous acts consist of? Do they consist in out-
ward ])crformances, and going closely into
formality and formal service, and into worldly
pursuits, pleasures, profits, amusements and
f-ratifications? Is the attention given to these,
fearing God and working righteousness? If
we are laying up treasure on earth, and the
heart and mind are set on these enjoyments,
and pursuing them and delighting in them,
how does this accord with working righteous-
ness? When I had brought many ideas to
view, and set them as close home as I could,
I stopped, and addressed some feeling senti-
ments to a tried, humble state, deeply jiroved.
The meeting closed in a solid manner with
tender-heartedness.
20th. Attended Providence Meeting. In
the silent exercise, I was ready to think no
waj' would open to speak, but at length it did,
and I labored to prevail with them to refrain
from evil, from indulging in that which they
knew to be offensive to God ; but it felt to me
to have but little entrance. I went on to
show, that doing evil, and feeling conviction
for it, and still continuing to do so, is the way
to become darkened and hardened. I instanced
our Saviour's weeping over Jerusalem, that
lie would have gathered them, but they would
not, and that now the things belonging to
their peace were hidden from their e3-es ; and
then urged the Christian duty of meeting often
togethe'r to worship God. A neglect of duty
opens and prepares the way to hardness of
heart. I also mentioned the description of
the last judgment ; and the pleading of those
set on the left hand, ' Thou hast taught in our
streets,' ' When saw we thee hungry, or
athirst,' &c. ; and I instanced the servants
that had received the talents, each according
to their several ability, that those who obeyed
the command received the reward, ' Well done,
good and faithful servant,' but the disobedient
were ordered to be buund hand and foot, and
castinto outer darkness. Near the conclusion,
I recommended them to the word of grace in
the heart. The latter part of the meeting felt
to me to be increasingly tender and solemn,
and I hope the honest hearted felt encouraged
to a faithful, humble obedience, and the care-
less were faithfully warned and counselled to
yield obedience to duty."
CTo be Lontinned.)
Tlie truest characters of ignorance
Are vanity, and pride, and arrogance ;_
Aa blind men use to bear their noses higher
Than those who have their eyes and sight entire.
212
THE FRIEND.
Selected-
THE FIRE BY THE SEA.
There were seven fisliers, with nets in their hands,
And they walked muJ talked, by the sea-side sands,
Yet sweet as tlie sweei dew-fall
The words they spoke, though they spoke so low.
Across the long dim centuries flow,
And we know ihem one and all —
Aye! know them and love them all.
Seven sad men in the days of old,
And one was gentle, and one was bold.
And they walked with downward eyes;
The bold was Peter, the gentle was John,
And they all were sad, for the Lord was gone.
And they knew not if He would rise —
Knew not if the dead would rise.
The livelong night, 'till the moon went out
In the drowning waters, they heat about;
Beat slow through the fog their way ;
And the sails drooped down with wringing wet,
And no man drew but an empty net,
And now 'twas the break of day —
The great, glad break of day.
" Cast in your nets on the other side !"
('Twas Jesus speaking across the tide,)
And they cast and were dragging hard;
But that disciple whom Jesus loved
Cried straightway out, for his heart was moved :
"It is our lisen Lord—
Our Master, and our Lord I"
Then Simon, girding his fishers coat.
Went over the nets and out of the boat —
Aye! lirst of them all was he;
Eepenting sore the denial past,
He feared no longer his heart to cast
Like an anchor into the sea — •
Down deep in the hungry sea.
.\nd the others, through the mists so dim,
In a little ship came after him,
Draggiug llieir net through the tide;
A.nd when they had gotten close to the land
They saw a fire of coals on the sand,
And, witli arms of love so wide,
Jesus, the crucified !
'Tis long, and long, and long ago
Since the rosy lights began to flow
O'er the hills of Galilee;
And with eager eyes and lifted hauda
The seven lishers saw on the sands
The fire of coals by the sea —
On the wet, wild sands by the sea.
'Tis long ago, yet faith in our souls
Is kindled just by that fire of coals
That streamed o'er the mists of the sea;
Where Peter, girding his fishei's coat.
Went over the iiels and out of the boat,
To answer " Lov'st thou me?"
Thrice over, " Lov'st thou me?"
Alice Cart/.
o •
Selected.
REASON.
Dim as the borrowed beams of moon and stars
To lonely, weary, wandering travellers.
Is reason to the soul ; and as on liigh
Those rolling fires discover but the sky, —
Not light us here, — so reason's glimmering ray
Was lent, not to assure our doubtful way,
But guide us upward to a better day.
And as those nightly tapers disappear
When day's bright lord ascends the hemisphere.
So pale grows reason at religion's light, —
Bodies, and so dissolves in supernatural light.
— Drydcn.
* *
Sfientific Notes,
Sugitrviiie. — Dr. Cameron, public analyst
for Di'.blin, states thtit in ony sample of rait'
Biigar, be found in 10 grains weight, no t'owor
thnn 500 of these insects. In a sample of the
same sugar, Dv. Hussall found at the rate of
42,000 per piiund of sugar, and Dr. Barker at
the rate of 238,000 to^^tho pouud. It i.s ex-
tretnely rare to find a. sample of raw sugar in
■which they are not present. Of the insect
itself, Dr. Cameron says, "it is a formidably
organized, exceedingly lively, and decidedly
ugly little animal. From its oval shaped body
stretches forth a proboscis terminating in a
kind of scissors with which it t^eizcs upon its
food. Its organs of locomotion consist of eight
legs, each jointed and furnished at its cx-
tremitj' with a hook. In the sugar its move-
ments from one place to anolherare extremely
slow, but when placed on a perfectly clean
and dry surface, it nioves along with great
rapidity." To examine this little creature,
dissolve a small quantity of raw sugar in a
wine-glass with cold water. The mites will
soon come to the top, and may be skimmed
off and examined under the microscope.
The Potato-disease. — A report has recently
been presented to the Royal Agricultural So-
ciety of England, by a committee appointed
to examine essaj's competing for a prize of
£100, otfered for the best essay on the potato-
disease and its prevention. They had ex-
amined 91 essays. Among the more promi-
nent causes assigned for the potato-rot, were,
1st, Degeneration of the tuber; 2nd, Fungus
on the \ubcr; 3rd, Wet weather; 4th, Potato-
fungus (Pcronospora infestans) attacking the
foliage; 5th, Electricity; and 6th, Succulent
or diseased condition of the plant caused by
specific manures. The}' did not think an}'
one of the essaj's filled the conditions which
were attached to the prize. They say the
natural history of the potato fungus is well
known from the time it attacks the foliage
until the potatoes are harvested, and the}' re-
commend that a sum of money, (say £100),
be granted for the purpose of inducing a com-
petent person to investigate the life-iii story
of this fungus in the interval between the in-
jury to the potato plant, smd its reappearance
in the following year ; also that valuable prizes
be offered for the best disease-proof early
potato, :ind the best disease-proof late potato.
It is reported that Professor Owen has re-
cently discovered in the London clay, a fossil
bird with teeth ; no evidence of true teeth has
been previously known in a bird. Prof. Owen
describes it as web-footed and a fish-eater.
Dr. Voelcker says that the brown-colored
sulphate of ammonia obtained from the pro-
ducts of gasworks, frequently causes injury
when applied as a top-dressing, owing to the
presence of highly poisonous cyanogen com-
pounds.
According to the Montpelier Medical, seven
persons were taken seriously ill after parttik-
ing of snails at dinner. Snails, it should be
remembered, feed at times on poisonous plants,
and should, therefore, undergo a few days'
fasting before they are handed to the cook.
Charcoal with 33 per cent, of coal-tar, may
be made into a light and porous powder, ad-
mirably adapted for dressing wounds. The
charcoal is said to be of great assistance to
the carbolic acid of the tar.
A curious case of skin-grafting is reported
in the Medical Times, in which ))ieees of skin
from a white man were transplanted to the
cheek of a negro. At the end of the third
month, the white skin had become black, the
change in color commencing with a net-work
of dark-colored lines, which gradually in-
creased in size, until the whole piece of trans-
planted skin was completely covered.
In some experiments recently tried, with
reference to the burning of human bodies as
a substitute for interment, it was found that
in a, suitably arranged furnace about 150 lbs.
of wood were sufficient to reduce the soft partj^
to ashes and calcine the bones. On colli ctii;
the cindersand bonesthat remained, Professo
Brunetti reports that a corpse weigbinj/ 11
lbs. was reduced to about 4i lbs. ; and anothe
weighing 90 lbs. to less than 2J lbs.
Creiiting an Inland Sea. — There exists sout
of the Atlas Iilounlains in French Algeria,
chain of salt lakes called "Chotts," that g
from east to west, following a general depres
sion which lies at an average depth of fror
SO to 90 feet below the Mediterranean. Ther
was probably a sea there formerly, of whiel
these'salt lakes are mere remnants. It wouL
be easy to restore this inland t;ulf by openinj
a short canal from the Gulf of Gabes, accord
ing to the description recently given to tb
Socicte de Geographic by Captain Roudaire
He states that the chotts south of Biskra ar
a series of shallows, generally dry in summei
and forming a chain about 225 miles long
Their surface is as smooth as the floor of i
barn, and sprinkled w-ith salts of magnesia
An insignificant chain of sandhills separate
the Gulf of Gabes from the nearest of these
If this project were carried out, the ( ffee
ui^on the climate of Algeria would be considei
able. The hot and dry air of the desert wouI(
become cooler and moister by passing ove
the suri'ace of a body of water perhaps 20i
miles long and 50 or 100 broad. The lengtl
of such a canal is estimated to be 30 miles o
less.
• m
For " Tlie rriend."
Memoirs and Letlcrs of Sarali llillinan.
(Continued trom page 190.)
The accompanying letter did not come t
hand until too late to insert in the order o
date. It is therefore given here.
To Elizabeth Collins.
'' Philadelphia, 8th mo. 0th, 1825.
, Does my beloved friend conside
the very trying situation in which we ar
placed ; and bast thou not felt a little dispose(
since we parted to help lift up the hands vvhicl
are ready to hang down? Ah! this is a da]
of treading down and perplexity; and me
thinks such feeble folk as thy S., have nee(
to pray fervently that their faith fail not
Well, 1 can truly say that my desire is to b<
found more willing to suffer for the cause o;
my dear Lord and Master, and more devotee
to serve him. But alas I I fee! myself scarcelj'
entered upon the journey ; and after havinc '
been endeavoring a number of years to walk
before Him whom my soul loveth, find verj .
little progress; and feel far, very far short o;
that standing to which we are called. Pra}
for thy poor friend; that haply she may be
hid until the indignation be overpast. My
heart often bends towards thy habitation, and
much do I desire that as thou hast in dtxye
that are past entered into foeling with me,
thou mayest bo made instrumental to bear up
and sujiport one who feels herself very weak
and unable (without Divine aid) to do any
thing to advance the Redeemer's kingdom-
Great is the woik of our day; and few are
there who seem loyal to our King. 01 how
have 1 craved that He would purely purge
away all my dross and tin; that 1 might be
qualified to stand for His cause! Yea, and
that His eye would not pity, nor His hand
spare, until the church was purged from the
many defiling things that now are found in
her, causing her ministers to go round her^
walls mourning. i
THE FRIEND.
213
Time will not ]iei'init my sa^'ing moic tliuir
) iidi.l my iinffiijncd wish, tiuit thou and
ly hclovrd hiisbaiid may realize Iliiii, \vh<i
as bccu the guide of j'our j-oiith, to be your
)mfbrt and ^Ul)port now in the tvening i.f
fe unto its trrcat end.
Farewell, iu endeared affection,
Sarah."
Clouds, portent with trial anil with sorrow,
erenow lii-t gathering in dread array around
nrbelovcdSoeieiy. The prayers oft he laithfiil'
ere earnest to Ilim, who hath his wa}' in the
)a, and who riihth overall, (or preservation,
bese talked together of the things that were
appening, and were pad. But it is interest-
ig to see, from the preceding letter, that our
ear friend, wiili no doubt man}- others also
[■ her fellow-laborers in the precious cause,
ere, as prisoners of hope, driven to their
rongiiold — the Arm Almighty — for refuge
nd deliverance. The Lord is good, a strong
old in the i\i\y of trouble; and he bnoweth
lem that trust in him. lie was never foiled
1 battle. He never said to the wrestling seed
f Jacob, seek ye me in vain. Ilis power is
bove every power. Whose promise was
imI yet is to his dependent, faitliful ehihJren.
(Jail upon mo in the da_y of trouble; I will
'eliver thee, and thou shall glorify me."
' Contirming and strengthening also, is the
jregoing record, that S. II. after endeavor-
ig I'or a number of years to wallv before Him
iiom he^l- 8f)ul loved, could not presume that
10 had attained to much, or that she had
L'cu Juatitied through faith in the blood, with-
iit submission and obedience to the grace arid
alking in the light of llim, who was given
ir our salvation through repentance unto life
ut on the contrary, as is evident, she felt
oi-srjf poor and needy and childlike ; and that
itliout the daily bestowal of Heavenly bless-
igs and mercies, she could do nothing toward
le peace and welfare of her own soul, nor I'or
10 ]]roraotion and gloiy of the lledecmer's
iugdom among men. She felt the need to
ray fervent!}' that her faith fail not ; and de-
red to be found more devoted to the cause,
ud more willing to suffer with her dear Lorii
nd Master, that she might i;i His own good
me, rejoice and reign with Him. Preciou-
ideed are her words: and may they in this
;iy also of tribulation and back.sliding, have
li'ir due place with all: "Oh! how I ci'ave
Kit He, our Heavenlj' King, would purely
urge away all my dross and tin, that so 1
light be qualitied to stand for His caus- ! j-ea,
'>o, that His eye would not pity, nor His
and spare, until the church is purged from
lb man}- defiling things that now are found
1 her; causing her ministers to go around her
alls mourning."
To her Mother.
"Evesham, Seventh-day morn, 1830.
My dear Mother, — It may seem to thee as
lOugh I had forsaken home and its concerns
ut There is a bond stronger than the ties ot
xrth, and which I believe thou knowest thy
oor daughter feels; though far, very far be
ind in the work of regeneration. While it
•lay not be thought to be of any consequence
ir me to remain with these dear friends,* 1
0 feel as if my Heavenly Father designed it,
>nd that He offers a little strength to mo in
lis way. Ah ! deeply do I feel the nece.ssity
■ )r more watchful, persevering faithfulness in
* George and Ann Jonea.
the way and work of the Lortl ; and strongj
are my desires that this may bo a season of;
renewal of covenant, of arising from the dust,
of increase of strength in Him in whom are all
our i'resh springs; who has in adorable mercy
[ilucked my feet out of much mire and clay,
and in matchless loving kindness ))lanted
lliein in some little measure upon a Riick ;
and given me to believe that He designs to
make use of me in the glorious work of re-
conciliation. So that I am ready at times, to
say with the apostle, ' Unto me wlio am lessi
than the least of all saints, is this grace given, i
that I may preach ainong the Gentiles the
unsearchable riches of Christ.' You know
how tenderly my heart throbs on this subject,
but yet He who knows the end from iho bc-
ginnincr, knows how to make use of poor, eon-
lemptiblo instruments, and to fit them for his
service ; and it does feel to me as tiioiigh my j
life has not been spared for myself only, i
neither for my dear mother and sisters; but I
for His name and Truth's sake. May His will
be done.
* * * Oh ! what a precious state of mind
true christian resignation is. It is a jewel of
inestimable value, which I desire to bo in
possession of myself, and that you all may be
shiirers with me. Separation is said some-
times to strengthen the ties of natural affce-
(ion. Ours, I Ihink, needed not this to unite
us more together. The family reading never
felt to nic of more value than since absent
from it this time. Wo feel in its omission al-
most as if we had not finished breakfast. But
as we lide along the road, one of us usually
reads a chapter; so that makes up.*
'{'he trials among us at home (no doubt al-
luding to those of the church) are not forgot-
ten by me; and here is not a jilacc to rejoice.
There is a disposition to say, ' \Vc will eat our
own bread, and wear our own apparel; only
let us be called by thy name, to take away
our rejiroach.' Ah! what will be the end of
these things! The cncniy i^busy everywhere
in doing all ho can to scatter, tear, and slay ;
yet I believe ho never will be able to scatter
the true sheep ; for they know the Shepherd's
voice, and Him they follow. May we kee])
very close unto the Lord Jesus Christ, that
so in the shakings, the turnings, and over-
turnings which are yd to come, we may be
preserved under the shadow of the Almighty,
■^uch can and will be aMe with David to 'say
of the Lord, He is my refuge, and my fortress:
tny God; in him will I trust.' Ah! some of
us know Him through adorable mercy. Oh I
let us be willing to become more and more
conformable unto His death. So long as our
trust is in Him, although every thing round
about us speaks trouble, we shall not be con-
founded; but in humble confidence make our
appeal unto Him, and acknowledge that our
record is iu heaven, and our refuge on high."
* Tlie wholesome practice to wliicli allusion is here
made of daily rending a portion of that which is " given
1))' ins|iii-alicin of Giui," and is protil:ible '' forcorreclion
and iiistrnctioii in rigliteousness," and thus seeking to
tuin the mind to its best interests, is justly commen<led
hv our friend S. H. Is it not to be feared that in fami-
lies, where perhaps it is mostly done when such are
alone, it is sometimes neglected when company is on
hand, either from too great diffidence or deference, or
from the apprehension that it may not be grateful to
them ; or as though tliat which is good for the one was
not for the other. But what will be the probable ten-
dency of such a course? and how must the susceptilile
minds of dear children, if such there are, resolve such
expediency ?
(To be continued.)
Kor " Till' Frk'nd."
Women's Imlinn AitI Asvociiitioii.
E-vlraclsfrovi Lcllcrs — The Modocs.
One hundred and thirty-twoof thcsedestituto
Indians have been removed from Oregon and
jilaccd under care of Friends in the (ihui])aw
Luiian Agency. "The children of thoModocs,
twenty-seven in number, have been |)laced in
scliocd, and are under the care of N. E. Yearly
Meeting, which liberally jirovides for them;
but the adults and those too small for school,
are very destitute, and have not been assigned
to any Yearly Jlecting, and all tlie aid of any
consequence that has been received, has been
from Philadeliihia. Wo are very mtich in
need of shoes and stockings, forModocs, both
for men and women ; we still hope govern-
ment w ill come to our aid with an appi-oprin.
tion soon, which will relieve us of so much
eiuliarrassnient ; if they could onl}- see iiow
niuch cheajier it is to feed and clothe Indians
than to fight them! to say nothing of the
Christian view of tlie subject."
HxRA.M W. Jones, Agent.
1st mo. eodi, 1S7-1.
The box was taken to our quarters and
opened, and our heartfelt gratitude and tiianks
offered to our com]iassionate Father for the
very acceptable donation, both for the goods
for the mission untler our charge, and the
poor destitute Modocs. The garden-seeds are
in time and almost invaluable, so many of tho
Lidians arc without means. * * Thiseven-
ing our dining room, 13 x 2-1 feet, is full of
the dear hitliaii children, engaged with a
variety of objects for amusement as well as
instruction; thus has an hour been whiled
away by near three score of us. * * *
I'he children have been called to order and
the old familiar story told tliom, how the good
Father cares for the poor and needy, through
the instrutnentality of His loving children ;
'low they, in common with the other mis-
sions, were objects of the symiiatliy and ten-
der compassion of the Lord's dear children as
well as of Himself, and I was thanking the
dear friends for all their kind remembrance
of us in this far off land, for making us so
happy, and how the making the body com-
fortable was cause of gratitude to God, &c.
We had the company of a newly converted
Lidian from Canada; he was arrested, from
heariufr, in 8th mo. last, some i-einarks upon
that Scripture, "It is a faithful saying and
worthy of all acceptation, that Christ Jesus
came into the wnrld to save sinners." After
listening to our little discourse to the children,
of how the Lord made a promise to Ilis peo-
ple, that "He would bo mouth and wisdom,
tongue and utterance," ho stood and bore an
honest testimony to tho same, telling us that
before he was converted, his mouth was not
opened to talk to the people, but now he was
learning all the time from what he saw, what
ho heard, and what he read ; he tenderly en-
treated the children to be very careful to mind
their instruetois, telling them the Bible says,
"Children obey your jiarents in tho Lord, for
this i.s right," adding, "if you please them you
please the Lord." Our hajipy meeting was
closed with our ever sweet little prayer, "Now
I lay me down to sleep."
I must tell thee of a recent visit we had
from a Modoc chief and wife, who came to see
to tho interests of their children ; it is a mat-
ter of humble admiration to us, that so soon
the Spirit has infused into tliem the feeling
14
THE FRIEND.
of love and forgiveness, and how tlioy can
testify to the Isind interposition of the Lord
in their behalf. The chief was Steamboat
Frank, he joined in our evening exercises,
and solemnly admonished the children to do
all in their power to put away all that was
bad, and be willing to be taught in the good
way, imposing the respousiljility upon " Little
Jim," our chief and interpreter for the baud
of boj-8 and girls of the Modocs ; he seems
thoughtful, and while he knows but little of
God and his religion, yet, said he, putting his
hand upon his breast, " I feel a good deal
about it in here."
Asa C. Tuttle.
For '■ The British Friend."
now others See U.S.
Dear Friend, — It is well to get light from
all quarters, and often instructive to sec our-
selves as others see us in a corporate, as well
as individual capacity. As a religious body,
differing materially io doctrine and practice
iVoni other professors of the Christian name,
Friends could not expect to escape criticism
in various ways from the leaders and cxposi
tors of public opinion, and the late Conference
in London, on the state of the Socictj', has
brought us again rather conspicuously to the
front. That we are diminishing in numbers
is generally admitted, and if this diminution
continue, we are told, we shall soon, as a reli-
gious body, become extinct. My object in this
letter is not to dilate upon cause arid effect,
but to quote, from various sources, a few par-
agraphs to show the views entertained by in-
telligent and thoughtful men on the past and
present condition of our religious Society,
some of whom estimate our principles more
highly, and comprehend them more clearly
than others who profess to be members of the
Society of Friends.
The Athenivum Remarks : — " The sect is cer-
tainly decreasing in numbers, and in time it
will probably disappear as a separate organ-
ization in our religious life. But when the
day of its final disappearance comes, it will
be found to disappear, not because it has been
a failure in the v\orld of thought, but on ac-
count of its great success. It will disappeai'
because its mission in the world of English
life will have been fulfilled."
With a satiric touch, characteristic of its
pages, the Saturday Review observes : — "Since
the backsliding tendencies of the rising van-
eration of Iriends, wrung from the sorely
grieved elders the virtual abandonment of the
broad brim and drub, our eye affords little or
no index to the extent of Quaker profession.
The chignon may, for all we know, cover a
pietism as orthodox and staid as theprim and
straitlj' fitting bonnet, while as demure and
unruffled a heart may beat under silks gay
with the hues of the rainbow as under the
Bober stuff's and panniers of stricter days.
But the spirit of the age has, we fear, been
too much for the spirit of Fox and Penn.
The license of interman-iago with Gentiles
has laid open the Quaker dovecote to hawks
of every feather, and the scandal of comraci--
cial misadventure has made free with many
an honored name. The end can hardly be
far off. Let it never be forgotten, howevei-,
that the Society iiad, in its day, a work to do,
and did it well. As a protest against vice,
I'rivolity, and uiiraanliness in dress and man-
nerSj it has been met half way by the Gentile
world itself. If it is to be absorbed henceforth
in the general system, the Quaker blood will
remain an element of force in the veins of the
natural life."
One more London journal concludes the
extracts from this class of publication. The
City Press writes: — "We are Conservative
enough to wish that certain institutions and
societies — and among them the Socictj' of
Friends — should victoriously resist the touch
of time. We would not, for any consideration,
have the old meeting houses in Bishopgate
and elsewhere modernized. In days when no
bonnets are worn, and when fashion inflicts,
as its penalty, unlimited ear-ache and neural-
gia, we view the Quaker bonnet as a sermon
to the time. In days when apparently it is a
matter of eo much difBculty for people to say
plainly what they mean, what should we do
without certain amongst us who are honest
enough simply to say ' Yea, yea ; nay, nay.' "
Most readers of " Sarter Eesartus," by
Thomas Carlyle, have probably seen his trib-
ute to the character of George Fox, "as one
of those to whom, under ruder or purer form,
the divine idea of the universe is pleased to
manifest itself, and across all the hills of igno-
rance and earthly degradation, shine through
in unspeakable awfulness, unspeakable beau-
ty, on their souls ; who, therefore, are rightly
accounted prophets, God-possessed, or even
gods, as in some period it has chanced."
And this from Charles Kingsley : — " In Eng-
land, too, arose the great religious movements
of the seventeenth and eighteenth ceTjturies,
and especially that of a body which I can
never mention without most deep respect —
the Society of Friends. At a time when the
greater part of the Continent was sunk in
spiritual sleep, these men were reasserting
doctrines concerning man and his relation to
his Creator, which, whether or not all believe
them (as I believe them) to be founded in
eternal fact, all must confess to have been of
incalculable benefit to the cause of humanity
and civilization."
From an article in one of the religious jour-
nals, taking a general survey of our position
as a religious body, I quote the following as
most to my purpose, not wishing to extend
this communication beyond due limits : —
"How far any attempts to im]iregnate (Qua-
kerism with a new vitality are likely to prove
ultimatelj' successful, may be considered doubt-
ful in the highest degree. Great, indeed, would
be the gain, at once to English manliness and
to the free development of the motive power
of English religion, could a large infusion of
the original (Quaker spirit be poured afresh
into the veins of the existing Quaker body.
But thepresentattitude of that venerable bodj-
reminds us of nothing so forcibly as of the
grotesque endeavor of some elderly dame,
who, at the taunt of inactivity, should don a
new apron over her black silk, and patter
about her old tasks, in vain forgetfulness of
the fact that she is no longer the rosy stirring-
lass she was, when, as a gauky girl, she wore
short frocks and a Holland pinafore."
In the golden age of its youth and vigorous
prime, the Societj' of Friends presented the
spectacle of a genuine and powerful awaken-
ing of the spiritual life, now and then over-
flowing, as might be expected, into the ex-
travagances which are inseparable from all
real enthusiasm at its height, but preserving
for the most part a simplicity of demeanor, a
self control, and directness of moral purpose,
which were the visible evidence of sinceritj
and strength.
The inference that maybe drawn fromthes(
varied utterances of the outer world, frag
mentary as they are, will, I think, show tha
the writers generallj' appreciate and acknow
ledge as true (Quakerism no other than i
counterpart of that which was exhibited t(
the world as such in the seventeenth and eigh
teenth centuries ; that whatever re])utatioi
we have gained, or moral influence we hav(
exercised in the world, is mainly to he attrih
uted to the self-denying labors and exemplari
lives of our forefathers in the truth. Tb
chairman of the Baptist Union, in addressing
his audience at their autumnal meeting, said
in reference to Ritualism, " With the exeep
tion of the Society of Friends the hands o
other denominations are not clean, nor thei:
testimony clear in this matter." How lon|
we shall retain this honorable distinction re
mains to be seen when wo are told, " tha
even the stern simplicity of Quaker worshij
is shown to afford no guarantee for exemptioi
from the fatal taint." How then can we re
gain our original position, or hope to witnes
a revival worthy of the name, but by a returi
to first principles, to that from whence we an
fallen, for it cannot be gainsaid, that " it ii
not to arrangements, however perfect, but t(
individual faithfulness to Christ, in daily de
pendence upon the help of the Holy Spirit
that we can look for a growth in the trutl
and vitality in the Church." Were this oui
end and aim we should realize as a Churcl
the condition thus indicated in the Yearlj
Meeting Epistle for 1852, and become strong
in the Lord and in the power of His might.
In conclusion, dear Friends, it is our con
cern that we may become a watchful, lowly
minded, retiring people; that we may liv'
more distinct from the spirit of the world
that our affections may be thoroughly fixe(
upon heavenly things, not in anywise seeking
our own glory or desiring to occupy conspicu
ous positions in the world, but rather that W(
may individually serve God in our genei'atioi
according to His will. — Thy sincere Friend,
Jv
1st mo., 1S74.
From The "British Friend."
The Conference and the ISJG Ephstie.
Dear Friend, — In looking over the proceed
ings of the recent Conference, as repoiled ii
The British Friend, it is impossible not to no
tiee the fact, that the causes which have beei
silently at work, producing the declining con
dition of the Society, are so seldom referre(
to. Of these causes, no one of them has ope
rated so insidiously, nor yet so disastrously
as the introduction and tacit acceptance bj
the Society of unsound doctrines — of doetrinei
proved to be inconsistent with, and in soni<
respects antagonistic to those set forth by th(
early Friends. Certainly, the knowledge o
the seat of a disease is half its cure. Thos<
present at the Conference, however, with on«
noteworthy exception, to be afterwards re':
ferred to, and a very few instances besides
have carefully avoided all allusion to tliif
primary cause of declension.
It was not likelj-, in the nature of things
that a Society, which had stood its ground in
the face of so much obloquy tor over two cen-'
turios, should have become dissatisfied witb
its practice in the performance of one of itf
highest duties — duties in connection with the
THE FRIEND.
215
ublic worship of an all-wise and beneficent
Ireator, if the seeds of contrary doctrine
ad not been sown, taken root and fructified,
, may be io a congenial soil. We ma}' saj',
'ith one of Job's friends, that "atiiiciion
Dmeth not forth of the dust, neither doth
.'ouble spring out of the ground." Undoubt-
dl}', in this case, the declension that has
vertaken the Society, which is conspicuous
Y its expressed desire to change its mode of
onducting meetings for worship has not
risen out of nothing, but contrariwise is the
)gical and natural outcome of other princi-
les which have been, times without num-
er, shown to bo out of harmony with the
•uc and original principles of Friends. A
,rge and influential Yearly Meeting, on the
.merican Continent, so long ago as 1847
)ntaining within its limits many valuable
fiends of large experience, declared, in re
ireneo to these new principles, that '■ Should
lis superficial religion prevail, it would in
oduce the spirit and maxims of the world
ito the very bosom of the Society." And
jain, " were the Society- to conform to the
nscriptural opinions, advocated in the work
Oder notice, it would be carried back to [what
aul terms] the beggarlj' elements." Thus
le very existence of the Society would be
iBtro3-ed.
There were causes at work, sufficient in the
itimation of that Yearly Meeting, to bring
Dout a decided change in the Society, if not
(jeopardise its existence, and as this " .super-
3ial religion" has been sutfered to grow,
)read its roots, and bring forth its legitimate
uit, it has come to pass now, in this day,
lat " the spirit and the maxims of the world"
ive been introduced largelj-into our Society,
id, notably, the leading error has attained
ich a growth, that reading the Scriptures is
)enly advocated in meetings for worship, as
)lh necessary and desirable. And, indeed,
lere are many more practices, equally foreign
I the views of Friends, which must follow
le after another in logical sequence; the
iading of the Scriptures in the way pro-
)8ed being simply the first or initiatory
ep.
The Eeport agreed to by the Conference
ings out clearly the existence of opposing
id contradictory sentiments, and when pro-
nted to the Y'early Meeting there will be
und, as at the conference, quite a.s many tor
le adoption of that jiermissive legislation,
hich confers on a Monthly Meeting the
jwer to alter long-standing usages, provided
.at the change is attended by a decent
low of unanimity. Yet it is evident that
lere is a considerable feeling of dissatisfac-
Dn at this continued bringing down of por-
308 of the goodly edifice of Doctrine and
ractice erected by our woi-thy predecessors.
is not welcome nor acceptable to not a few
ho claim to belong to the same body. These
U8t know that the troubles of the Soci-
y did not spring out of the ground ; thoy
ethe growth of one or two generations — of
connivance at error — of a sacrifice of prin-
•ples for the sake of peace; and the sort of
:|ait that maj' be looked for, they were plainly
'. ough warned of long ago.
It ought ever to bo borne in mind that the
iiciety itself, by its public documents, pre-
1-red the way for the advocated change in
;e mode of holding our Meetings for Wor-
. ip. The Epistle of 1S3G contains much in
ference to the Scriptures, which is plainly
contrary to the well -understood views of
Friends. In short, it is in my view, funda-
mentally unsound, yet, it was adduced at the
receni, Conference, as indisputably containing
the sentiments of the Society in relation to
the Scriiitures! When such were ])ut forth
bj- authority thirty-seven years ago, need we
wonder at the present aspect of affairs ? The
views enunciated in the Yearly Meeting's
Epistle of 1S3G were objected to by the Yearly
Meeting of i'hiladelphia in 1837, as contain-
ing expressions not in accordance with the
sentiments of our primitive Friends. But
what did it signify'? the objectionable matter
must stand. It was pretty much from the
pen of one who had an unenviable share in
destroying the unity of the Society of Friends.
And it was reserved for his biographer to re-
vive the unsound and unfriendly passages,
and singularly enough, as an appropriate'
commentaiy thereon, the Conference all but
decided that the Scriptures shouhi be read in
one at least of Friends' Meetings for wort-hip
on a First-day. Thus objectionable doc-
trine gives sanction and countenance to ob-
jectionable practices, and the seed sown in
1S3G promises to bear fruit in 1874, not to the
advancement, but to the dishonor of the pre-
cious cause of Truth, as professed by Friends.
I).
12th mo. 22cl, 1874.
An Intelligent Cat. — The following incident
is published in the Virginia (A"ew) Enterprise.
Policeman Hayton of this city, it is stated,
has a eat which recently gave evidence of
more than orelinaiy sympathy and intelli-
gence. This cat camo to his master, and by
scratching at his legs and mewing attracted
his attention. Thinking this behavior of the
animal was an intimation of hunger, Ilayton
gave the cat a slice of beef, when he at once
ran away with it. In about a minute he re-
appeared and ag.iin began begging. Hayton
thought it strange that the cat was so hungry,
but cut for him another and larger piece of
meat. This the cat took in his moulli and
again went off. Hayton followed, and saw
him go out upon the sidewalk and drop the
meat through a knot-hole. On ffoino- to the
place and looking through the knot-hole, it
was discovered that there were three small
kittens under the walk, so young tliat their
eyes were scarcely open. No mother cat was
near, nor was there a place any where in the
vicinity where a cat could have found a hole
thi'ough which to have crawled under the
walk. It would seem that in hia rambles
Tom had found the kittens, and understand-
ing from their cries that thej' were hungry,
had set about providing for their wants in the
manner related.
I saw that a humble man, with the blessinix
of the Lord, might live on a little ; and that
where the heart was set on greatness, success
in business did not satisfy the craving; but
that commonly with an increase of wealth,
the desire of wealth increased. There was a
care on my mind, so to pass mj^ time that
nothing might hinder me from the most steady
attention to the voice of the true Shepherd.
— John Woolman.
True religion shows its influence in every
part of our conduct ; it is like the sap of a
living tree, which penetrates the most distant
boughs.
THE FRIEND.
SECOND MONTH 21. 1874.
In the present number will l»e iound two
communicalions made to The Brili.^h Friend,
from which we take them, on the |n-esent con-
dition of the Society in England. We rejoice
whenever we see such written evidences of
regard for the principles and practices which
I'^riends must ever maintain ; especially when
given by those in Great Britain who have not
been carried awaj' by the jiopular current of
modern innovation. The seed of the present
widespread defection from sound religious
principles, was first sovvn in England, and
there the nccessaiy religious labor and exer-
cise to have it eradicateel, ought to be under-
taken and perfected. It is particularly en-
couraging when the true cause of departure
from (Quakerism, or ]>riinitive Christianity, is
brought into view, viz., the unsound doctrines
held by a very largi^ portion of the members;
which is done by one of these writers. There
can be no cft'ectual recurrence to first princi-
ples, and the testimonies of Truth growing
out of them, so long as those unsound doc-
trines promulgated by influential members in
London Y''earl3' Meeting are not rcjiudiatod as
inconsistent with the sci'iptural religion held
and published to the world by l''o.\, Barclay,
Penn, Penington and their coadjutors.
The ejiiritually iniiuied men who gave dig-
nity and weight to Philadelphia Yearly Meet-
ing, not only, as one of these writers states,
detected the leaven of these unsound doctrines
in the London epistle of 1836, but thej' boro
a noble and unequivocal testimony against
them in 1847. However this testimony may
be desj)ised, misrepresented, or denied, by
those who Aivor the doctrines therein dis-
owned, it may safely be left to the revelation
of their fruits as time rolls on, to prove the
correctness of the exceptions taken to the
opinions reviewed, and to vindicate the clear
perception, the spiritual foresight, and the un-
feigned religious concern of that Yearly Meet-
ing when it made its Appeal for the Ancient
Doctrines of Friends.
William Penn speaks of "The Light of
Christ within, as God's gift for man's salva-
tion," as the doctrine tliat particularly dis-
tinguished Friends from other orthodox ])ro-
fe.-sors, and from this "as the root," he rightly
states, grow "the goodly tree" of doctrines
and testimonies which Friends were, and are,
called to exem]ilif3' to the world. As these
doctrines and testimonies run counter to the
will of the natural man, and are in opposition
to the spirit and maxims of the world, noth-
ing but this Ligh| of Christ within, or Divine
Grace, could originate them or enable the be-
liever in them faithfullj' to act up to them.
Hut the modern reforiners in our Society, kee]i
this doctrine altogether in the back ground,
if they believe in or inculcate it at all ; while
great stress is laid upon entire dopendenco on
the atoning sacrifice of Christ, and the study
of the Sciipturcs as the means to become ac-
quainted with the "system of truth for our
salvation ;" so that the believer, made so by
that faith which " is a faculty of the human
mind," " may accept the mercy of God in
Christ Jesus, and apply it to his oien condition,"
by which " it follows in rea.son that/Ae believer
m saved." 0
The "root" being changed, the branches
216
THE FRIEND.
must bo changed to con-ospond, and the fruit
(or testimonies) borne bj- the " goodly tree"
springing from the original root, will not jier-
fect on llie n^di-rn siibstitnto. Where these
modern doctrines have supplanted the original
faith of Friends, it is the natural result, as
every day reveals, that the tesuinonies which
Friends have so long believed in and su])-
ported, will bo disCLirded; and the course of
a very large proportion of ihe members in the
Society demonstrates how widely these doc-
trines have spread.
London Yearly Meeting has so far deserted
the ground on which it fprraerly stood, is so
changed in regard to the doctrines and testi-
monies ever held by Friends, and which it
once unhesitatingly advocated, that it can no
lono-er be recognuscd as the representative of
that tioblo army of convinced and thorough-
going Quakers,"that came up from the dales
of th"e North, and proclaimed the great truths
of the gospid among the restless, turbulent
crowds of London, professors and profane ; or
who gladly- filled its noisome prisons, to die
there^if need be, rather than compromise the
testimonies of Truth; several of which are
DOW disclaimed or disregarded. But neither
these doctrines nor ttstimonies will be allow-
ed, bj- the great Head of the church, to want
witnesses to their truth and value. If the
children bold their peace, the stones of the
Btrcets will cry out, and the original faith of
Friends, as iiromulgated by Fox, Penn, I'ar-
claj', &e., will again be acknowledged in its
entirety' and purity, in the Lord's own time.
Blessed are all they who hasten the day, by
their suffering or their service.
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
FoREIC4N. — A London dispatch of tlie 14th, s.ivs that
Taylor's Pantecliciicun and i'lirnltiire repository was
hurned last evening. The lire broke out at 4 p. JI., and
raged until midnight. Five houses and several large
stables adjacent were parti dly destroyed. There were
a number of accidents, and two tlremen were l;ilied.
Tlie tire attracted an iuiniense and unruly crowd, and
tlie luililary were called out to iireserve order. The
total loss is estimated at *1.5,0UO,0O0. Taylor's build-
ing contained five hundred carriages, and a great num-
ber of mirrors and pictures, together with a vast amount
of other property. Up to J.he close of last weeU, 346
Conservatives and 'J'JT Liberals and Home-rulers had
been returned to Parliament. The House of Commons
will contain 216 new member.s.
It is expected that the Emperor of Russia will visit
England in the Fourth month.
The correspondent of the Times with the Ashantee
expeilition, in his dispatch announcing the successi'ul
termination of the war, says that General Wolsely has
made arrangements fiu' himself and his white troops to
leave Africa for England on the first of jiext month.
A violent gale, accompanied with snow, prevailed oil'
the south-west co.ist of Ireland on the 12lh inst., caus-
ing some marine disasters. The tienuan bark Hercules
was wrecked, and eleven of her crew perished.
The same gale caused the Baltic sea to overflow tlie
entire coast of Schleswig-IIolstein. The dikes protect-
ing the low lands were burst in many places, and large
tracts of country were flooded. The damage to pro-
perty has been very heavy.
Tiie total emigration from Ireland since 1S51, is
stated to be 2, "252, 743 persons, or about two-tifths of the
present poptdation of the island. In 1873 the emigra-
tion consisted of 90,149 person.s, viz: 51,930 males, and
38,219 females.
On the 16th the British Jlinistry resolved to resign
immediately. Gladstone will advise the Queen to send
for Disraeli, who will prob;d)ly firm a new cabinet.
The Pall Mull GiizrUc publishes a reiiort that the
British forces took possession of Coomassie, the cajiital
of Ashantee, on the 29th of last month, and would com-
mence their march hack to the coast on the 22d inst.
London, 2d mo. 16lh. — Consols 92. U. S. sixes, 1807,
109.! ; new tive.s, 103^.
Liverpool. — Miffdliugs cotton, 7|rf. ii SJii. for uplands
aud Orleans.
A Madrid dispatch says : It is probable that the foi^m
of government in Spaiu'will be decided by a plebiscite.
In such an event Castelar will support Serrano as a
candidate for the Presidency of the Republic.
Repnulican troops were advancing upon Bllbon, and
it was expected the Carlists would soon be obliged to
raise the siege of that city. The national forces have
del'eated the Carlists before Tolo.ssa and revictnaled the
place.
The Spanish government has agreed to an exchange
of prisoners with the Carlists.
Francis Joseph, Emperor of Austria, arrived in St.
Petersburg the 13th in.%t., and was cordially received
by the Czir and imperial family.
Cardinal Tarquini, a zealous and able champion of
the papacy, died in Rome the 14ih inst. He was an
earnest advocate of the infallibility dogma when it was
propounded to the ecumenical council, and waa in
thorough accord with the Pojie.
A letter from Rouher is published, advocating a ple-
biscilc to decide between an Empire and Republic, when
President MacMahon's term expires.
The mail steamer from South America reports that
the yellow fever continues unabated in Rio Janeiro,
and the cholera is raging with great violence in Buenos
Ayers and Montevideo, audthousandsof the inhabitants
had fled from those cities,
Ex-Pre.-idenl Santa Anna has arrived in Havana,
iVom Na-sau, en route to Mexico. Lie says he returns
under President Lerdo's proclam.ation of amnesty, and
is tirmly resolved to take no part in Mexican politics.
The population of Japan, by the official census of
1872, was 33,110,825.
The soulli-eastern portions of Europe have been
visited by heavy gales, which did much damage. On
the Black Sea there were many disasters to shipping.
In the German Reichstag on the IGtb, General
Moltke, in the course of a speech in support of the
military, said: " What we acijnired in six months, we
shall have to protect by force of arms for fialf a century
to come. France, notwithstanding a majority of her
people are convinced of the necessity of peace, is imi-
tating our army organization."
A deputy fioni Alsace moved a plebiscite to be taken
in Alsace and Lorraine on the question of nationality.
The exports of grain of all kinds from Kuiisia were
in 1873, 8C,3U9,347 bushels, in 1872, 75,871,937 bushels,
and in 1871, 105,861,137 bushels.
United States. — Tiie interments in Philadelphia
last week nnuibered 284. There were 39 deaths of con-
sumiitioii, 19 inflammation of the lungs, 11 inllatnma-
tion of the brain, and 11 scu'let fever. On the 13tb an
ice house at Thirty-first and Master streets, near Fair-
mount, fell, and a number of men who were engaged in
tilling it with ice were buried in the ruins. Of these
about twelve appear to have been killed, and as many
more severely injured.
The number of voters registered for the next election
is 153,462, exclusive of a part of one of the wards. In
1873 the assessors returned 167,094 voters.
In the Girard College there were at the opening of
the present year 547 piquls. The residuary fund for
the support of the college, is stated to amount to f5,-
2f9,25!i, invested mostly in real estate in Philadelphia
and Columbia, and Sclitiylkill counties.
In Congress the questions of currency and finance
have been discussed at great length, but so far without
any practical result.
The U. S. Senate, after long debate, adopted an act
which they return to the Home as a substitute for the
bill passed by that body repealing the bankrupt law.
In the jiroposed new law it is provided that at least
one-fourth in number of the creditors, and representing
at least one-third of the amount of the debts, must unite
in the jietition to create an involuntary bankruptcy.
Other changes, believetl to be improvements, are intro-
tluced.
From the Paper Trade Juurnul it apjiears that during
1872 there were in operation in the United Stales 912
mills, owned bv 705 firms, and representing a value of
$35,000,000. the mills employ 13,420 male and 7700
fe.nale hands, besides 922 children— or a total of 22,042
laborers, whose wages amount to $10,000,000. The
production of these mills during the year was 317,387
tons, valued at $66,475,825.
The President has ordered that the court of inquiry
in the case of General Howard, who is charged witli
mismanagement of the Freeduieu's Bureau, shall be
composed of lienerals.Shennin, McDowell, Pope, Meigs
and Holt. Major (jardiner. Judge Advocate. The
court has been ordered in compliance with a resolution
of (Congress requesting such ail investig.ttiou.
2'/ie Markets, etc. — The following were the quotations
oa the IGth iust. New York. — American gold, 112^.
U. S. sixes, 1881, 1201 ; ditto, 1862, 118; ditto, 10-1
5 per cents, coupon, 115:J; registered, 113.^^. Siiperlii.
flour, $5.75 a S6.20 ; State extra, S6.50 a .t6.S0; tint
brands, S7 a $11. White Michigan wheat, S1.82; Ni
1 Milwaukie spring St. 58 ; No. 1 Chicago, S1.55; Ni
2 do., Sl.50 a S1.51 ; No. 3 do. $1.42 a Sl.43. Oats, .5
a 62i cts. Rye, S1.03. Western mixed corn, old, ^ ^
cts. ; new, 76 a 78 cts.; white, 81 a S2cts. Phitarlelphi,'
— Cotton, 161 a 17} cts. fir uplands and New Orleaii ,
SupeiHue flour, $5 a $5.50; extras, S6 a $6.50; fint '
brands, •'■7 a $10.25. White wheat, $1.80 a I'l.SS.-^
amber, $l.GS a Sl.78; red, $1.58 a $1.68. Rye, 96 cti"
Yellow corn, 77 cts. Oats, 58 a 65 cts. Smoked liaini
12 a 14 cts. Lard, 9} a 9] cts. Sales of about 300
beef cattle at 7\ a 7| cts. per lb. gross for extra ; 6 a
cts., for fair to good, and 4 a 51 cts. for common. Shee
sold at 5 a 8 cts. per lb. gross aud corn fed bogs at S-i.-'iO
S9 per 100 lb. net. C'Ai'cai/o.— Spring extra flour. So, .50 <
$6. No. 1 spring wheat, $1.21i ; No. 2 do., SI. 17. Nc
2 corn, 561 cts. No. 2 oats, 41 i cts. Rye, 82 cts. Nc
2 sp:-ing barley, SO a 90 cts. Lard, 9 cts'. Ballimore.-
Penna. red wheat, $1.73 a S1.75. Y'tllow corn, 73 a 7
ct''. ; white, 75 a 80 cts. Oats, 55 a 59 cts. St. Louh
— No. 2 winter red wdieat, $1.57; No. 2 spring, $1,21
No. 2 corn, 59 cts. No. 2 oats, 40 cts. Lard, 8J cts.
FUIEND.S' FREEDMEN'S ASSOCIATION.
With nineteen schools in N. Carolina and Virginii
in successful operation, and 2193 scholars in atteudano
involving an expense of $1,000 per month for the uel
three months, the Association has but a small amout
in its treasury. We commend the subject to the serioi
attention of Friends.
Richard C.vdbury, Treasurer.
James E. Rhoads, Pres't of Executive Board.
Philadelphia, 2d mo. 13th, 1S74.
ERRATUil.
The date of the death of Sarah iVI. Sanndens, pa
lislied last week, should have beeu First month 26l
1874, instead of 1873.
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
A .Stated Meeting of the Committee on Inslructii
will be held on Seventh-day, tlie21-t instant, at 10 a.
in the Committee^room, Arch St. Meeting-house.
Chakles J. Allen,
Philada. 2d mo. 11th, 1874. Clerk.
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
As the stations of Superintendent and Matron of tl'
Institution are expected to be vacated at the close of tj
Winter Session, in the 4th month next. Friends wl
may feet drawn to undertake the duties atl:iched
them, are requested to communicate thereon with eith
of the f>llowing named members of the Committee.
Nathaniel N. Stokes, Cimnimin.son Post-offi(
Builington Co., N. .J.
Charles Evans, No. 702 Rtice St., Philadelphi;
Deborah Rhoads, Haddoiilield, N. J.
Rebecca S. Allen, No. 335 S. Fifth St., Philac
FRIENDS' BOARDING SCHOOL FOR INDIA
CHILDREN, TUNESASSA, NEW YORK.
A teacher of the school will be wanted at the coi
iiiencement of the Spring term. Also a Friend to £
as assistant matron.
Application may be made to
Klienezer Worth, Marsliallton, Chester Co., Pi
Joseph Scattergood, 413 S|iruce St., Philada.
Aaron Sharpless, Street Road P. O., ChesI
Co., Pa.
Thomas Wistar, Fox Chase P. O., Philada.
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE._
Near Frankford, (Twentij-lhird Vi'ard,) Pliiladelphia
Physician and Superintendent — JosuUA H. WoRT
INGTON, M. D.
Apiilications for the Admission of Patients may
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the BoaBd
Managers.
Mai;hied, on the lOih of Second month, 1874,
Friends' Meeting-house, on Sixth street, Philadelpli:
Richard W. Bacox to RiaiEccA Elkin'Ton, daugbt
of (.ieorge M. Elkinlon, all of this city.
on the 12th of Second mnnlli, 1874,
Friends' Jleeling-:
Manslield, N. Jersev, EH
Branson, fif Philadelphia, to Jane, daughter of Jol
Bishcqi, of Columbus, Burlington Co., N. J.
""""' WILLIAM H. PILE, PRINTER.
No. 422 Walnut Street.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL, XLVII.
SEVENTH-DAY, SECOND MONTH 28, 1874.
NO. 28.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
ice Two Dollars per annum, it' paid in advance. Two
dollars and fifty cents, if not paid in advance.
3au»criptIooB and Payments received bj
JOHN S. STOKES,
IT SO. 116 NORTH FOURTH STREET, CP 8TA1BS,
PHIIiADEIiFEJA.
Wage, when paid quarterly in advance, five cents.
For " The Friend."
Memoirs and Letters of Sarah Uillman.
(Cor tinnt^d from page 213.)
- 1830, 8th mo. ISlh. Our beloved friends,
9orge and Ann Jones, returned to us the
Ith of last mouth, after an absence of near!}-
irce months, wherein they had visited many
eetings within the Yearly Meeting of New
ork. Since which it has been m}' privilege
be much with them at home, as well as at
ilem and Abington Quarterlj' Meetings,
beir services have borne the stamp of the
ing's seal at all times and in all places where
y lot has been with them. And I assuredly
ilieve they leave manj- seals of their apostle-
ip in this land, who will be as stones in their
own of rejoicing in that day when the Lord
ssus shall assemble worlds before his seat.
Dear Ann Jones is, to some few little trem-
ing children, whom it has pleased the blessed
ead of the church to enti-ust with a gift of
le Gospel, a mother, whose removal wo shall
ieply feel. Oh ! may we be strengthened to
ok to the same Almighty Helper, through
hose Hoiy aid she was made so eminently
leful ! That we too ma\- be enabled to fulfil
le ministry He has committed ; bein<r willincr
be accounted tools for his sake. Y'ea, to
lend and be spent if we may in any wise be
irmitted to receive the answer of well done.
To Ann Jones.
Philadelphia, 9th mo. 17th, 1830.
My dear and valued Friend, — I sit down to
idress a few lines to thee under feelings of
linful sadness, from the apprehension that
le little committed to my care will never be
icupied in such sort as to produce that kind
'peaceful enjoyment which results from per-
ct obedience, and unreserved dedication of
Jart. Ah! deep indeed are the bajitisms
hieh some have to pass through in order to
■epare them for the service and work unto
hich they are called and appointed ; and
Jrily I believe except supported by the ever-
sting Arm, (though unseen) in seasons of
ial and dismaj-, the poor, conflicted, tribu-
ted, trembling disciple would sink. But
irough adorable, unutterable mercy, lie, who
hen the poor disciiilos said to him ' Master,'
i.rest thou not that we perish,' arose, andi
nimanded a calm, and the winds and the sea,
obeyed, does give us to see in his own time,
that He sittcth upon the flood, and that He
is King forever. Thus enabling us to perse-
vere in that tribulated way, which leads to
His heavenly kingdom. Thou art oft, yea
dailj' remembered with thy dear partner, by
very man}- friends here, whose tender in-
(juiries are 'Have you heard any tidings of
our dear friends?' and I cannot but speak out
at times, of the blank we feel ; but am en-
deavoring in the simplicity of a little child,
to have a single eye to the Shepherd and
Bishop, desiring to become weaned from every
other dependence. Nevertheless, 1 do believe
there is strength in unity, and that as we are
engaged to be found walking in the light,
there is a blessed fellow.^hip enjoyed while
here on earth with all the living, and in the
fresh Sowings of love, we can desire others to
'Come and have fellowship with us, for our
fellowship is with the Father and with his son
Jesus Christ.' And I do also believe that it
is allowable, as in the days of captivity for-
merlj-, for those who fear the glorious, holy
Name, to speak often one to another, and that
he not only hearkens and hears, but keeps a
book of remembranee, and will remember and
spare these, when be makes up his jewels, as
a man sj^areth his only son that serveth him.
So that I do very aftectionately desire your
united remerabranco and sympathj', 3-ea ]iraj'-
ers too, that the whole burnt offering may be
made ; that however I may be led, by a way
1 have not known, and comparatively alone,
the path may be plain, darkness may be made
light, and crooked paths made straight, that
His blessed holy will may be wrought in, and
upon, and through me, who is worthy of the
very best of all our faculties; that so when
this mortal shall put on immortality, the soul
disrobed of this mortal of flesh, may be pre-
pared to assimilate with those pure spirits
which surround the throne, who having come
through great tribulation, and having known
their robes washed in the blood of the Lamb,
are employed in saying, ' Worthy is the Lamb
that was slain to receive riches and honor
and glory and blessing; for thou has redeemed
us by thj' blood.'
Our beloved friend, H. Paul, took E. P. and
self, to Haddonfield Quarterly Meeting, yes-
terday. I thought it a good meeting, though
as to myself have only to speak of infirmities.
It was like at Woodbury, where also I bore
the burden home with me. Oh I shall I ever
be able to sa_v, 'It is done as thou hast com-
manded,' the fears are so many and great that
assail my poor mind. 'My bac^kslidings are
many,' is oft the language of mj' heart; but
He who knows all things, sees the bent of the
mind ; the desires are raised by Him for
strength to do or to suffer according to his
will, and notwithstanding all my fears and
cares and tears, in moments when the light
of His glorious countenance is a little lifted
up, can rejoicingly believe that He will helj)
to the end, and can trust him for all that is to
come. Ah! then pray for me that in and
through all. His glorious, holy Name may be
o.xalted, whether it be by life or death. And
bo enabled to say :, —
'Good wlien he gives, supremely good,
Nor less when He denies;
E'en ciosses from His bounteous hand,
Are blessings in disguise.'
My dear mother and sisters desire their
afieeiionate love to j-ou ; also dear E. Pitfield
and M. Bacon.
With tenderest love to thee and thy valued
affectionate husband, am thy attached,
S. HiLL.MAN.
No date. — This time last month, went with
my dear friends E. P. and K. P., to the
Western Monthly Meeting, where my good
and great Master required, as I believe, a
sacrifice; whiidi through his mercy, was en-
abled to 3'ield up before his holy fbotstool !
Oh ! how does my spirit crave preservation
through future steppings ; that no shade may
be wrought upon the blessed cause through
mo. Thankfulness was felt for the ability
granted to do His hoi}- will, and I returned
in peace. Several times since have had to
come home in that poverty which results in
withholding more than is meet, and though
at times so awfully do I feel the responsible
state of the watchman, as to be ready to fear
my unfaithfulness will in the end close the
door against me, that surelj- an entrance into
that glorious, holy city, whose gates are
praise, will not be ministered unto me. Yet
at others, through the renewed goodness and
tender loving kindness of my adorable Re-
deemer, have been constrained to break forth
in a few words, to the consolation of my own
poor mind, if no other good may result there-
from ; and to bow my knees before the God
and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, implor-
ing a little help. Oh, may my soul bow low
as at his blessed feet who died for me, and
rose again ; who set us an example that we
should follow his steps, who said to his im-
mediate followers, ' Ye also ought to wash one
another's feet.' And when we have done all
say, wo are unprofitable servants."
To Hannah Paul.
" Philadelphia, 3d mo. 24th, 1831.
Thou, my beloved friend, wast so sweetly
with me last night in my sleep, that I am
ready to conclude thy sj-mpathetic mind has
bended a little this way at times of late. Thy
language, after the manner of dreams was, 'I
am so concerned about Sarah Hillman that I
scarcely know what to do?' Now, my dear
friend, hast thou any particular concern on
my account? If so withhold it not from me.
I trust it will be received in that love which
I know thou dost feel for me. In reply I said,
my concern is great for myself, and very
earnestly do I desire to be preserved amid all
the temptations and trials which may be per-
mitted to assail, and to anchor in faith on that
immovable foundation which is laid in Zion,
218
THE FRIEND.
considering Him who endureth the cross, de-
spising the shame, for our salies, &c. Much
in this way passed between us ; and on awak-
ing my mind seemed a little strengthened. I
do long to be more thoroughly washed, yea
to be sanctified in body, soul and spirit, that
so all things may be pure. But oh! so far
from this state do I find myself, that I am
ready to faint many times ; and whilst through
adorable mercy, sensible at seasons of a re-
newed call to labor in the ministry of recon-
ciliation, so destitute do I feel of every qualifi-
cation for this awful service, that the language
of my heart is, ' I am a worm, and no man ;'
'I cannot speak for I am a child.' But oh!
how has the language been, 'say not, I am a
child, for thou shult go,' &c. ' Be not dismayed
at. their faces, lest I confound thee before
them.' Ah then, dear friend, praj' for me,
that I may abide in the very bottom of Jor-
dan all the time appointed; and that holy
resignation may be witnessed, to be, do, or
suffer, according to His righteous will: that
in entire dedication, th}' poor feeble friend
may prove herself more attached to her Divine
Lord, than SLtiy earthly joj^ 'If ye love me,'
says He, 'keep my commandments.'
Affectionately thy S. H."
(To be continned.')
For "Tho Friend."
Account of Recent Adventures and Suffering in
tlie Arctic Uegions,
CCondudid from iMge 210.)
From the time of their arrival until the
beginning of the polar night, whose deep
shadows continued for three months and were
only dissipated at intervals by displays of
aurora borealis, the refugees occupied them-
selves in hunting, but we must believe that
only a small number did so, and with little
energy, for their journal mentions as the
■whole of the game killed, two bears, two blue
foxes and a few reindeer. When the night
came on they shut themselves up in the house,
from which they scarcely ever went out: a
few of the men occupied themselves for a time
in joiner work which however they soon
abandoned, and the greater number appear
to have thought that being well warmed, well
fed, well clothed, and well lighted, they had
only to give themselves up to inaction and
the enjoynient of the comforts by which they
were surrounded. They crowded together
into one room, where they built a great fire ;
they did not even take the trouble to cook or
to give attention to the commonest measures
of cleanliness, or to take other precautions
for the preservation of their health. They
were contented to consume the provisions
which required no preparation, and their in-
dolence was so great that the larger part of
their stock of Liebig's essence of beef was
used without having been even diluted with
hot water.
This inertia, this carelessness, and the filth
which they created, were not long in produc-
ing their natural effects. On the second of
Twelfth mouth, the first man sickened, on
tho nineteenth another, and by the twenty-
fourth nearly all of them were attacked by
scurvy. It was now necessarj' to occupy
another chamber; here the sick were laid on
good mattresses, and were nursed by the only
two of their comrades who remained well.
The temperature which had varied during the
Twelfth month from 4 degrees to 13 degrees
below zero, fell on tho seventh of First month
to 20 degrees, and aggravated the sickness in
a frightful manner; on the nineteenth, two
men died.
At this period, notwithstanding the steadi-
ness of the cold, the journal mentions that
tho waters of the fiord of Mitterhuk were not
yet frozen. The sanitary condition of the
refugees experienced no change for several
days, but in the latter half of the Second
month their illness increased. On the 21st
tho third death took place, the cold then was
30 degrees below zero, but the first rays of the
sun were dawning upon the horizon: mean-
while one of the nurses who had remained
well fell sick in his turn, and left the keeping
of the journal to one of his companions, who
thus writes: "There remains but one well
man to take care of all the rest, maj' the Lord
have pity upon us !"
From this time the journal only records
thermometric observations and the dates of
fresh deaths. On the 28th of Second month,
the temperature was 34 below zero, the coldest
of the winter. In the first fortnight in the
Third month the weather moderated, the tem-
perature varj-ing from 4 to 20 degrees below
zero, but bj' the fourth of Fourth month the
cold had increased again, and on the latter
date was 30 below zero. After this the record
of the temperature ceased. Ten additional
deaths had been registered up to that day, an
eleventh is noted on the 19th, by a new hand,
and the mention of this death is followed by
an expression which seems to indicate de-
lirium in the writer. There are no further
entries.
Such, in short, according to the indications
of the journal, are the principal and mournful
incidents of this fearful winter residence at
Mitterhuk. It remains to us now to tell in
what condition the house was found when
Captain Mack's ship arrived there the ISth
of last Sixth month. On the l(3th. Captain
Mack had arrived at Isfjord, but after several
vain attempts had been obliged to give up the
eftbrt on that day to reach the house of shel-
ter. On the morning of the 17th, he sent a
boat commanded by a harpooncr; after ten
hours absence the man returned, brinein:! in-
formation that there was no one living at
Mitterhuk, he had only been able to find
corpses, upon one of which was fastened a
note of Captain Telessen, of Bergen, com-
mander of the steamer Ellida: this note stated
that the captain of the Ellida had landed
there the day before, and had collected all the
papers which he could find.
Next day the Ellida returning from Advent
Bay, mot Captain Mack's ship, and the two
captains landed together, reaching the build-
ing about 3 o'clock in tho afternoon. At 1 he
end of the house were piled up clothes, bed
covers, furs and other articles; this ]Mle was
composed no doubt of the garments and bed-
ding of the deceased men, and indicated that
the survivors feared, whether rightly or other-
wise, that the disease was contagious. At a
short distance off their eyes lighted on a
square pile of wood, covered with a tarred
cloth ; they approached, and lifting the cover,
the visitors recoiled with affright at tho sight
of five corpses ; this spectacle, nevertheless,
was almost nothing in comparison with that
which they were about to find in tho interior
of the building'. * * * The refugees had
to the left three dead bodies were lying i ,
beds, and a fourtli was stretched upon a cbcsi
* * * This latter was the most careful i
clothed, ho wore a fur vest and cap ; on hi
hands were white woolen gloves ; the exteriu
side of his face was well preserved, the otho
side must have been badly wounded, for
stream of blood had flowed from it thelengt
of the chest. It was thought that he was th
last survivor, and that seeing himself alon
in the midst of death, he had been seized wit
delirium and had wounded himself in th
head. * * * *' * '
All the bodies were buried by the crew c'
the Ellida, this sad duty accomplished, the;
returned to the building to make an inventor;
of the provisions. There still remained fbo
of every kind, and fuel in abundance. Th^
hermetically se:iled meats were almost ei'
tirely untouched ; it was so too with the case
of preserved vegetables; those unhappy me
having supported themselves to the last o
salt meat, mostly raw, lard, condensed mill!
and Liebig's paste.
In reviewing these two narratives, we ar
much struck with the contrast; on one sid'
we see the sailors of " The Freya" battlin
with the elements with heroism, their ri
soui-ces wei-e nought, or nearly so, not onI|
as to food, but also as to clothing, implement!
fuel and ammunition ; no one was safe for a
hour. It was constantly necessary to use a
most superhuman efforts to escape impendin
death ; their waking hours were without n
pose, their sleep without shelter, neverthelc;
their lives were preserved in the midst of
gravest dangers. They had to struggle agai.;
cold, bears, hunger, lethargy and death, In
of seven sailors of "The Freya" six survive
by brave efforts for seven months, their pi'
servation during the latter part of the tini
being doubtless largely due to their followih
the example of their hosts, the Samoiades i
taking brisk dailj^ exercise in the open ai
regardless of the weather, in fearlessly hun
ing white bears, suals, walrus and reindee
and in drinkina; the warm blood of their aram—
when c.iptured. On the other hand, we Sf
a considerable company of men who arrive
in full health at an establishment almost coil
fortable, who gave themselves up to indolenc
and sleep, neglected the most essential pr
cautions for the preservation of life, an
perished miserably, leaving, after their deat
one of the most hideous spectacles record(
in the annals of maritime suffering.
'i'he moral is easy to draw : it brings in'
relief the old proverb, "Help thyself ai
heaven will help thee." There are in fact _
many wonderful results in the indefatigab
energy of the sailors of "The Freya," as
misery arising from the apathy of the refugei
of Mitterhuk.
For "The Friend."]
John neald.
iCoutinued from p;ig*:- 211.)
" 10th mo. 21st. Attended the meeting
Northampton.- It was small and dull in tl
forepart, and though mostl3'^ of other societie
I felt willing to suffer, but after long sufterin
I engaged in testimony to the Truth — statii
that there were some who did all their woi
to be seen of men, and wo should do our worl
to ])lease God. We are required to fear Hii
occupied two chambers; in that to the right that can destroy both soul and body, and t
six corpses were extended, emaciated, decom-' worship Him, 'Fear God and give glory 1
posed, mouldy and of hideous aspect. In that His name, who made heaven and earth, tt
THE FRIEND.
219
las and the fountains of water.' I went on
, show the danger of resting in outward per-
rmances; that it was not the name of re-
gion, nor outward rites and ceremonies, nol
ie putting away of the filth of the flesh, bui
le answer of a" good conscience [that now
iveth us ;] that singing what is called Psalms
id hymns in meetings was calculated more
I please the carnal mind, than to aid in the
,ost solemn act and approach of the mind ot
lan to his Maker; that there appeared to be
danger of the mind being so taken up with
od attached to outward performances, that
le inward attention was in danger of being
Bglected while the outward was observed.
8 to trusting to what the learned tell us, and
sking our eternal welfiire on hearsay, can a
lan or woman of rational, intelligent under-
.anding be satisfied with such a dependence?
3 there not room to suspect, that in something
jscntially necessary, [the teacher] might be
egligent? Such a reliance is inconsistent
rith'what our Lord and Saviour said to the
eople, 'Why judge ye not for yourselves,
'hat is right?'" He knew what people should
0, and what would be profitable employ for
hem in order to salvation. My mind was
umble, and afterwards I did not know but
hat in some things I might have gone too
XT; but on a quiet review 1 feel satisfied, not
nding any word or sentence to give uneasi-
ess. I therefore leave it to the Divine dis-
lOser, to whose service 1 have been devoted.
22d. After a meeting at Mayfield, we went
0. Levi Saymore's. My companion had the
vening before fallen under discouragement,
emained still, and cat no supper nor break-
ast, and could take scarce any satisfaction in
,ny thing. It appeared most proper to be
till, though I wanted to press on to accom-
ilish the work, so that I might return home
pithout omitting what I ought to attend to.
1.8 I write the aspiration arises, May the will
if the Lord be done!
24th. We spent at Levi Saymore's, when
t seemed there was no way to go, or to me
Al directions to travel seenied alike. My
iompanion wanted to go back to Providence,
md his uneasiness increasing, we conversed
with a few friends, and the result was to go
jack.
25th. Attended the meeting at Providence
[n it we were favored together. My com-
janion expressed some sentences, and he came
»way relieved, and we returned that evening
;o Levi Saymore's.
28th. Went to Lee Meeting, crossing the
tfohawk River, where we met with our be-
oved friends Catlet Jones and Samuel Davis,
rromourown Quarterly Meeting, on a religious
rtsit also. We rejoiced to see each other. It
was so unexpected a meeting, that I could
DOt, for sometime after sitting down in nieet-
iDg, feel my mind composed, but as the peo-
ple gathered I felt my mind brought into the
labor and pi-epared to speak, and engaging in
it, I delivered a testimony, which reached to
solemnize many. Catlet made a remark near
the close like confirming what I had delivered.
We all went to Zaccheus Hill's to lodge, and
agrreeably spent the evening in conversing
and enquiring concerning home affairs.
30th. Atan appointed meeting among some
friendly people, but none of them members of
our Society. I had been informed there was
an openness in that place towards Friends,]
and finding my mind caught, I ventured, and)
we had afavored meeting with them. My'
eompauion first said. Except a man be re-
generated and bora again he cannot enter the
kingdom of heaven. "This may seem strange
to some, as it did to Nicodemus, who said,
how can these things be. Pardon JIacomber
fiiUowed on the subject of worship, with .suit-
able sentiments; and my way opened to fol-
low. I said that which is born of the flesh is
flesh, and that which is born of the spirit is
spirit. I then showed that whatever is brought
forth in the will of the creature, is born of the
flesh, and it is gratifying to the flesh ; and we
see those who are corrupt in their morals can
sing and join in singing, they can learn it and
practise it too ; and it appears to mo to lie
born of the flesh. But when people become
prepared to sing as the apostle described con-
corning prayer, that ho would pray with the
spirit and with the understanding also ; if the
mind be thus prepared, then it may be per-
formed; but if the mind be prepared, it will
be humble; and it will not be mere gratifica-
tion, but a humbling duty, when it is per-
formed in an acceptable manner. We cannot
in our own wills perform acceptable worship,
for we cannot in our own wills worship the
Father in spirit and in truth, and such He
seeketh to worship Him. I went into several
things or points a considerable way, and the
minds of many were very tender. Perhaps
we have not had a more satisfactory meeting
in our journey. I desired the people to as-
cribe the praise to the Author of our exist-
ence, who is worthy of it.
11th mo. 5th. Rode to Brownville, where
I had felt a dr.aught for more than a week,
and a kind of dread or dismay, but now the
time had come to go to the conflict. Notice
had been sent, and on the 6th we attended,
and a considerable number met, and several
of the first rank in the place. After a short,
simple introduction, I brought some close,
feeling sentiments to view, and the people be
came remarkably still, having been restless
before. The meeting concluded more satis-]
factorilv than I expected, but I thought and
said that the friendship of this world is at
enmity with God. I believe that the world,
and its friendship, was greatly hindering some
from making prosrress in religion ; and I
mournfully believed that I felt religion was
in danger of being smothered by the world.
However, I came away comfortable on my
own account, but sorrowful on theirs; so end-
ed this trying exercise that had for several
days attended my mind. General Jacob Brown
attended this meeting. On seeing hishousei
and other possessions, and the style ot' gian-j
deur thev appeared to be in, and thinking
that mutdi of this was obtained at the risk of
his life in battle, and as a recompense for
taking the lives of our fellow mortals, so that
all appeared to be stained with blood, it re-
minded me of David, who, when he received
the water from the men who obtainedit at
the risk of their lives, would not drink it.
9th. At Indian River, for a long time I felt
nothing like bearing tt'Stimony, and endeavor-
ed to keep mv place. I sat silent but resigned.
When the titne was far spent, I believed it
best to speak to the people, and said, Paul
may plant and Apollos wattr, but God givelh
the increase ; but neither Paul nor Apollos, in
their own wills, could either plant or water
that [which] God would grant an increase to;
nor do I believe that any man in his own will,
can, in our day, plant or water or preach the
Gospel to the people to real profit. If man
in his own will can plant or water and preach
the gospel, then ho can save himself and his
brother also. I went into several things be-
yond my expectation when I began, and it
may bo that it may be to the benefit of some.
lOlh. This morliing we set our faces to go
into Canada. I felt it impressed on my mind
for several months at times, and I thought it
seemed like a right sense, but I hoped I might
be permitted to go home, before it would bo
necessary to go to that part. But now find-
ing the time to bo come, and seeing no clear-
nc'ss any other way ibr the present, nor any
further service hero, wo set out, having Mosea
Child as a conductor. Wo lodged at a tavern,
and in the morning continued our journey,
crossed Indian River, and Oswegochochco
River. We breaktasted at Morristown, and
went into a flat boat, and were ferried over
the great river St. Lawrence into Canada.
1-lth. We desired the widow Brewer [at
whoso house they were entertained] to have
notice given of ameeting, which iieing done,
the people came together at her house. I felt
an exercise which 1 attended to, and at length
said, I have been thinking of what constitutes
a Christian. I believe it will be profitable for
some here to consider what was required to
make one in the time of Christ's being on
earth, and in the days of His followers, the
apostles. I beliovo nothing can be added nor
diminished. As the brancb cannot bear fruit
of itself, except it abide in the vine, no more
can ye, except ye abide in Him. ' If any man
will be my disciple, let iiim take up his daily
cross'and follow me.' We may plan and de-
vise ways to suit our inclinations, but they
that have not the Spirit of Christ are none of
His. ' Yc are my friends, if ye do whatsoever
I command you.' ' If ye love me, keep my
commandments'— with more. I thought a
solemn attention was given, and I hope the
pure mind was stirred up.
15lh. At Amesttown Meeting, which ap-
peared to bo a very weak, poor one. After
endeavoring to impress the minds of the audi-
ence, it seemed to me to have no entrance. I
then' stopped and told them, that if counsel
had no more place than I apprehended the
present communication had, that if the most
eloquent orator were to speak consistent truths
to them from the rising of the sun to the going
down of the same, it would be of no avail, un-
less there was a disposition to put in practice.
I then labored for some time and thought the
solemnity rather increased."
CTi be continced.)
Cottoiispfd Oil, Cake and Meal.
A new value has been given to a part of the
product of the cotton plant which before was
only used as a fertilizer, but which within the
last five years has become an article of export
as well as of domestic manufacture. The cot-
tonseed, the removal of which from the cotton
was long an expensive and puzzling problem,
has been discovered to be as valuable as al-
most any other part of that wonderlul plant,
and demand for it abroad is now greater and
more constant than the supply, which is
limited, owing partly to the iudifterence and
partly to the prejudices of the cotton-planters.
Several manufactories of cottonseed oil, cake
and meal, have been established at New Or-
leans—an elaborate report on the nutritive
and agricultural value of which products has
been made by Professor Joseph Jones, of the
Medical University of Louisiana, after careful
220
THE FRIEND.
chemical examination. The learned doctor
shows the great use and value of these pro-
ducts from the hitherto almost worthless cot-
tonseed, and states the fact that the intelligent
European farmers regard the cake as so valu
able for cattle feed that it readilj' commands
from them from £6 to £8 per ton, equivalent
at present to about $40 in our currency. The
works of the Louisiana Oil Company alone
consume 15,600 tons of cottonseed anniialh^,
yielding 3,605,600 gallons of oil of a superior
quality, and 6899 tons of decorticated cotton-
seed cakes, used as cattle feed. The works
furnish steady employment to more than one
hundred men. There are several other similar
establishments in Louisiana, and one in the
city of Mobile, which receives more orders
than they can fill.
The value of the cottonseed as an efficient
fertilizer has long been known to the southern
planters, bat these new uses to which the seed
has been put greatly enhance its value. On
submitting to strong pressure the oily seeds
of the cotton plant a valuable and agreeable
smelling and pleasant-tasting oil is obtained,
which in a purified state is now employed for
the usual purposes in commerce, the arts and
pharmacy for which other kinds of oils and
fats are employed. Large esportations of this
oil and cake, as well as of the cottonseed, are
now annually made to France, England and
other European countries, whence comes a
constantly increasing demand. About 50,000
tons of seed are annually worked up in the
five Louisiana mills, producing more than a
million and a half gallons of oil, and about
19,000 tons of oil cake and meal. The exports
of this oil last year have been 34,544 barrels,
of which 6459 barrels went to Europe, and
28,085 to northern ports. Of the oilcake the
exports have been 202,873 sacks, of which
19,356 went to northern States, and 181,735
to Europe. This is but one of many illustra-
tions which go to prove that the southerner
is awaking under the pinch of adversity, and
learning the lesson of utilizing and developing
the lavish gifts of nature, which he has hither-
to put to so little use. The south has long
been famous for her corn-cake ; her cotton-
cake is a more recent production, and bids
fair to be equally popular and profitable. —
Harpefs Magazine.
9 9
Selected fjr "Th*^ Frieod."
" In tie bec;inninfr was the Word, and the Word was
with God, and the Word was God." — John i. 1.
The "Word of God was in the beginning,
before any creatures were made, and by it all
things remain unto this day. The Word en
dures forever, and by it all things in heaven
and earth are brought to pass which God doth.
It is from everlasting, without beginning and
without end. It is powerful, dividing and
discerning all things, even the secret thoughts
of every man's heart. It is a two-edged sword,
and as a fire, and like a hammer, to cut up,
to burn, and to beat down. The Word of the
Lord reconciles man again to Him, and His
Word is in the mouth, and in the heart. The
servants of the Lord handled, tasted, saw and
felt the Word of Life, and froni it, (the Word)
spake forth the scriptures, as they were moved
by the Holy Ghost through the eternal Spirit.
They (the scriptures) are a declaration of the
Word of Life, which was in the beginning,
and endures for ever, and declares what the
saints received, believed and enjoyed. None
can understand (the scriptures) without the
same spirit that gave them forth, and to such
who have the same spirit, the scripture is
profitable. But manj- have the scriptures,
that have not the Word, neither know it ; but
they that have the Word cannot but own the
scriptures, and this is the truth as it is in
Jesus, testified to all the world by us, who
denj^ them that hereof give any other testi-
mony.— Edward Burrough — London, 1667.
YOUTH AND AGE.
With cheerful step the traveller
Pursues his early way.
When first the dimly-dawning east
Reveals the rising day.
He bounds along his cragsy road,
He hastens up the height,
And all he sees and all he hears.
Administers delight.
And if the mist, retiring slow,
Roll round its \favy white,
He thinks the morning vapors hide
Some beauty from his sight.
But when behind the western clouds
Departs the fading day.
How wearily the traveller
Pursues his evening way I
Sorely along the craggy road
His painful footsteps creep.
And slow with many a feeble pause
He labors up the steep.
And if the mists of night close round,
They fill his soul with fear ;
He dreads some unseen precipice,
Some hidden danger near.
So cheerfully does youth begin
Life's pleasant morning stage ;
Alas ! the evening traveller feels
The fears of wary age.
Robert Southey.
Selected.
TREES IN THE CITY.
'Tis beautful to see a forest stand.
Brave with its moss-grown monarch and the pride
Of foliage dense, to which the south wind bland
Comes with a kiss, as lover to his bride;
To watch the light grow fainter, as it streams
Through arching aisles, where branches interlace.
Whose sombre pines rise o'er the shadowy gleams
Of silver birch, trembling with modest grace.
But they who dwell beside the sti-eam and hill.
Prize little treasures there so kindly given :
The song of birds, the babbling of the rill,
The pure unclouded light and air of heaven.
They walk as those who seeing cannot sea,
Blind to this beauty even from their birth ;
We value little blessings ever free ;
We covet most the rarest things of earth.
But rising from the dust of busy streets
These forest children gladden many hearts ;
As some old friend their welcome presence greets
The toil-worn soul, and further life imparts.
Their shade is doubly grateful when it lies
Above the glare which stifling walls throw back.
Through quivering leaves we see the soft blue skies,
Then happier tread the dull, unvaried track.
Alice B. Neat.
AlUd Winters. — The mildness of the present
season, says the PaJl Mall Gazette, though
nnusual, bears no comparison to that of some
winters "long gone b}-." In 1172 the tem-
perature was so high that leaves came out on
the trees in January, and birds hatched their
broods in February. In 1289 the winter was
equally mild, and the maidens of Cologne wore
wreaths of violets and corn-flowers at Christ-
mas and on Twelfth Day. In 1421 the trees
flowered in the month of March, and the vines
in the month of April. Cherries ripened in
the same month, and grapes appeared in 5Ia
In 1572 the trees were covered with leaves
January and the birds hatched their you;
in February, as in 1172 ; in 1585 the sat
thing was repeated, and it is added that t
corn was in the ear at Easter. There was
France neither snow nor frost throughout t
winters of 1538, 1607, 1609, 1617 and 105
finally, in 1662, even in the north of German
the stoves were not lighted, and trees hk
somed in February. Coming to later date
the winter of 1846-47, when it thundered
Paris on the 28lh of January, and that
1866, the year of the great inundation of tl
Seine, may be mentioned as exceptional
mild. — Late Paper.
«— •
For ''The Friend.
Golden Baits.
Are not the following reflections, penu'
by John Barclay in 1832, painfully applicah
to the state of things in some places in 187'
" As I proceed in my pilgrimage, I tru
my confidence is increasing, that the gre
' I Am,' the King of Sion, still reigns, and w
reign to the overthrow of all his enemies ; ai
that he alone is equal to take care of I
church, and to overrule all things for the goi
of his little dependent ones. Yet, O ! ho
awful do the times appear in which we liv
and how awfully critical is our standii
among the various professions around u
doubtless, it always has been so, perhaps mo
so, than those of any particular age may ha'
thought. Every period has had its dangei
its temptations, its responsibilities. Yet sure
ours are, if not new, very specious snare
and when I look around, I am ready to thin
who, even among the highest in knowledge,
faith, or in gifts, is not fearfully liable to fi
into some of these snares. 01 I have th
day seen, as I think, in the light of the Loi
the enemy endeavoring to deceive, if it be pc
sible, the very elect. There are baits alrea(
laid, golden baits, which if thej^ are not se(
and shunned, will even devour those wl
devour them. I see not how some who no
take the lead amongst us, will or can esca]
being carried awa}', as with a sweeping floo
by that which they are now swimming i:
unless the Lord prevent, I see not how th
Society can escape being landed, yea stran
cd, on a rock. Every day, every fresh occ
sion of witnessing the spirit and proeeediu;
of these times, convinces me beyond all he;
tatian, that we are fast verging to a crisis-
an alarming crisis, and a shaking sifting crisi
— when every foundation will be discovere
every covering removed. And though mar
will say, ' Lo here is Christ, and lo there!'
he not with us, and do we not own him at
follow him? Yet a clean separation willtal
place between the chaff and the wheat; ai
nothing will be able to endure the refinir
heat of that day, besides the beaten gold. (
how loose, how crude, how mixed are tl
views of many; how accommodating, ho
shifting is the ground they stand upon ; ho
lofty and superficial is their edifice, thoug
beautiful and apparently solid also. O, for moi
humiliation, fasting, waiting ! O I for less a
tivivity, less self conceit, less taking thenaa
of Christ in vain I May such a view of thiuj
conduce to drive and keep me yet nearer 1
the Source of all safety and of all succom
that I may abide in Him, and grow up in Hii
in all things, who is the Head."
Second mo. 1874.
THE FRIEND.
221
KfTiew of Ibe Weather for First month, 1S71.
The average temperature for the First month was 36.7°. Tho range of the ther
ometer was from 7° on the ISlh, to 69° on the 7th.
Euin fell to the depth of 4.12 inches. There were 4 inches of snow.
TOERMOSIETEE.
Barometer.
a
■s
^
~;
WlXD.
a
E
S
<
S
s
^
H
^
bI
N
C5
1
■<
cl
w
1
1
33
42
40
3S!3
29.89
2:1.00
29.92
29.90). 4
1 We*t all liav.
2
41
50
30
4:i
29.-2
29.S1
29.81
29.81^5
S., S.K.. S.fe.
3
39
61
49
4fJa
29.81
29.81
2P.S1
29.81
1 K.. S.. S. 1
4
49
67
60
5<73
297S
29.81
29 72
29.77
Somliallday.
6
47
40
36
41
29.92
30.00
21.9S
29.9l'.K
N., N.. E.
6
U
50
49
■it'^;
29.94
29.72
29.64
29.765^
East all day.
7
69
09
6S
ts;;,
29.30
19.:i0
29.30
29.30
3.07
i. u •
8
52
42
35
43
29.17
29.31
29.42
29.30
35.
E , K.. W. 1
9
31
49
34
38
29.43
29.33
29.22
29.32?<;
w.. s,«.. s. 1
10
34
46
35
38}^
29.32
29.35
29.40
29.35K
1 South all day. !
11
30
40
34
34;-;f,
29.42
29.50
29.63
29.51%
West all day.
12
20
33
30
21 H
29.83
29.65
29.87
29.85
i( li
13
21
32
30
27?l
29.80
29.75
29.50
29.6SU
N.W., N.E,, N.E.
14
29
32
24
isk
29 40
29.411
29.50
29.43K
N.E.. N.W., N.W.
15
13
25
17
29 59
29.63
2SI.55
29.625.ri
N.W. all (lay.
16
12
21
16
16k
16%
29.65
29.80
29.08
29.775>'
1 .. n
17
10
28
14
30.U0
30.02
30.04
30.04
'• '*
IS
07
33
24
42;^
30.04
30.06
29.9.)
3o.oi;.^
N., N.. N.B. ;
19
33
40
35
36
29.74
29.74
29.74
29.74
V,'.. s., s. 1
20
33
38
30
3i%
29 72
29.9(1
30.10
29.O0K 1 West all ilay. |
21
33
37
45
38K
311.00
29.72
29.72
29.SII4
E.. S.i:., S.E.
22
48
56
58
5053
29.72
29.66
29!51
29.59JiS
.70, S.E.. S., S. 1
23
60
62
35
m
29.40
29.42
29.76
29.521.^
S., W.. N.W.
24
29
48
29
29.94
2d.91
29.90
29.915^;
N.W. all day.
25
18
26
22
22
30.04
30.04
30.06
30-045^
(( ii
■JO
l.i
30
2ti
■^3%
29.95
29.87
29.86
29.S9H
N.W.. S.. S.
-7
32
45
40
39
29.70
29,64
29.52
29.5SJ>
S.aith all day.
4+
51
47
47}<i
29.43
29.46
29.47
29.45
S W.. W., N.W.
-'J
30
49
35
38
20.74
29.76
29.80
29.79!^
N. W. all day.
30
30
24
24
26
29-89
29.94
29.89
29.80%
N., N.E., N.E.
31
23
33
24
■MVs
36.07
29.80
29.92
29.90
29 87U
29.71
4.12
N.E. all day.
ClRCDMSTANCES OF WeaTUER.
Fair. Cloudy, CKuidy.
Cloudy. Cloudy. Foggy.
Foggy, Fair, Fair.
Fain Cloudy, Cloudy.
Cloudy all day.
Cloudy. Cloudy, Fair,
clear all day.
Clear, Cloudy, Clear.
Clear all day.
Cloudy all day.
Cloudy, Clear, Clear, 4 i
Clear all day.
" " Aurora.
Foggy, Cloudy, Cloudy.
Clear all day.
Cloudy all day
Foggy, Cloudy. Fair.
Cloiuiy, Fair, Fair.
Fair all day.
Clear. Fair. Fair.
Cloudy all day.
Cloudy. Fair, Clear,
Clear 'all day.
Cloudy all day.
Cloudy all day.
vi^itcth any of iis ; and it, i.s b^- tlic )ircsiTva-
tion thereof alone, that we stand. If lie leave
ns at any time, but one moment, what are we?
and who is there that provoketh Ilim not to
depart? Let him throw the tirst stone at him
that falls.
"In the Truth itself, in the living power
and virtue, there is no ofl'ence; but that part
which is not perfectly redeemed hath still
matter for the temptation to work upon, and
may be taken in the snare. Let him that
stands take heed lest ho fall ; and, in the
bowels of ]nt3', mourn over and wait for the
restoring of him that is f;>llcu. That, which
is so apt to be otfended.is tho same witli that
which falls. O ! do not reason in tho liigh-
mindcdness, against any that turn aside from
the pure Guide; but fear, lest the unbelieving
and tie8hl3--wise part get up in thee also. O
know tho weakness of the creature in the
withdrawing of the life! and tho strength of
the eneraj' in that hourl and the free grace
and mercy, which alone can preserve ! and
thou wilt rather wonder that rt;n/ stand, than
that some fall."
For "The Friend.''
Natural and Grafted Fruit.
Joseph Lancaster was the author of the
aDcasterian 83-stem of school training, by
eans of monitors, which occasioned con-
ierable discussion forty or fifty years ago,
id brought its author into a temporary no-
riety. In S7)eaking of a worthy Friend,
ho resided in England, he made use of this
■mparison. She was naturally a crab apple
ee, on which some very good fruit had been
■afted. When one partook of the fruit which
•ew on the grafted branches, and whose taste
id qualities had been sweetened and changed
rthe iiitliience of the graft, he would find it
• be truly excellent. But occasional!}^ an
)ple was gathered from a branch below the
'aft, and that was very sour.
How just these remarks may be as applied
t tho individual, I know not. She was un-
oubtedly a woman, not only of religious
eight, but of natural force of character,
id strength of mind. These qualities, when
■ought under the control of Divine Grace,
''ten enable their posses-^ors to become per-
;ins of more than ordinary usefulness in the
'orld. Yet when the holy watch (wherein
>ily we are safe) is intermitted, and an un-
iiarded action or expression is allowed to
'leape, the natural fruit thus coming from
I3I0W the graft, is often known to be very
'stasteful, and those who at other times ro-
■ iced in the beauty and sweetness of the
drafted fruit such have borne, have been
[reatly hurt and stumbled at the contrast.
!; is very possible, even for those who have
hen long and usefully employed in the Lord's
liuse, to permit their own wills to give tone
l> their proceedings, even in the transaction
i' the affairs of the church. If thej' have
tmg been prominent in their meetings for
|iscipline, they may gradually (perhaps un-
linsciouslj- to themselves) come to assume
n undue share of the management of the
usiness. When younger members, under a
jsense of duty, take a more active part, espe-
jcially if they differ in judgment from them-
, selves as to the right disposition of any con-
cern coming before the meeting, tho older
ones may feel as if their authority and influ-
ence were being invaded. Such an ^ingrafted
fruit as this feeling, if not kept in restraint
by watchfulness and humility, may prompt
to words or actions, not in accordance with
that forbearance and love of each other which
our excellent discipline enjoins. If such a
prompting should be yielded to, the mischief
ilone will be great in proportion to tho stand-
ing and previous good services of the indivi-
dual. For when one who ought to bo an en-
sample to the flock, thus exhibits the sour
fruits of a lack of humility and gentleness, it
is e.xceedinglj' discouraging to tho younger
jmembers, and tends to open their minds to
ithe suggestion of the enemy of all good, that
religion is more of a profession than a reality.
On the other hand, it is the duty of those
I who observe these evidences of weakness in
[others, to remember that we all have our
treasures in earthen vessels, and are all liable
to go astraj-, except as wo keep under the
guidance and influence of that Holy Spirit
which is profitable to direct. If such wif
look within, and consider their own cases,
they will acknowledge, that though Divin
Grace has often visiteii them, causing tender-
ness of heart and awakening strong desires
Rafter holiness and peace with God, and even
enabling them to make some progress in the
path that loads Zionward; yet they are con-
scious that they have manj' times fallen short
in their duty, through unwatchfulness or un-
faithfulness. This consideration should pre-
serve them from being much unsettled by the
actions of others, and should lead them rather
to desire the preservation of their friends, and
to mourn over the exhibitions of human weak-
ness, than to be greatly offended therebj'.
How instructive is the language of Isaac
Penington : " It is of the intiuite mercy and
compassion of the Lord, that His pure love
Snakes in Martinique. — The bane of this de-
lightful paradise is a serpent — what ])aradiso
is without its bane ? — called by the fearfully
suggestive name of the " iron lance." This
reptile, with venomous taste, chooses the cool-
est and most delightful places in the garden
for his retreat, and it is literally at the risk
of one's life that one lies down on the grass,
or even takes a rest in an arbor. The wounds
inflicted b}^ these serpents are very apt to be
fatal unless immediately cared for. The whole
island is infested with this dangerous reptile,
and it is said that, on an average, nearly eight
hundred persons are bitten every year, of
which number from sixty to seventy cases
prove fatal, while many others result in ner-
vous diseases which aroalmost asbad as death.
.V few years ago, when Prince Arthur of Eng-
land visited this island, a grand fete was given
in his honor in the Jardin dcs Plantes. In
the evening the grounds were beautifully il-
luminated, and thousands of people sauntered
throuijh its cool and shadj' avenues. A larg(3
number were bitten by the "iron lance," and
many of them never recovered from the effects
of the poison. The fondness of this terrible
reptile for cool and shady places is a serious
drawback on the pleasure of rambling through
the charming groves of Martinique. A rest
on the grass under the shadow of some spread-
ing tree is always haunted by the dread of un-
seen dangers, and one cannot even cross a
field without exercising extreme caution. The
advent of a modern St. Patrick would be
heartily welcomed in Martinique, and if he
would purine the island of poisonous reptiles
as thoroughly as the ancient saint swept the
Emerald Isle, he would have his picture in
every house and a shrine in every church. —
Harper's Magazine.
The Way. — Deep sufferings and baptisms
must be known by all who retain their place in
the Lamb's army ; but such is the equity and
truth of our Captain, that if jiatienco have
her perfect work, his true followers, even
through the region and shadow of deatli, fear
no evil. May the Stay of the righteous in
every generation thus direct our steps, in the
midst of the paths of judgment, to the honor
of his cause, the dignifying his name, and to
our own peace. — Samuel Fothergill.
222
THE FRIEND.
Siberian Dugs.
A HAEDY AND USEFUL ANIMAL.
The Esquimaux, or Siljevian dog, is found
nearly all over the most northern parts of
North America and Siberia, and, although
perhaps he is of more importance to the nu-
merous tribes which inhabit those inhospita-
ble regions than any other breed of dogs is
to any other ]:ieopIe on the face of the earth,
yet many naturalists and writers on " The
Dog" only notice this animal in a very cur-
sory manner. The Esquimaux dog, which is
found with very little variation in shape, size
or color, on both sides of Bohring's straits, is,
in many respects, to the settled tribes in-
habiting those districts, what the reindeer is
to the Laplander, and the camel to the Arab.
He is their only beast of burden, and is gen-
erally employed in drawing materials in a
sledge over the boundless and dreary deserts
of snow, where the cold is so intense that no
other domestic animal, except the reindeer,
could exist, and bear the hardships this ani-
mal is called upon to undergo. Messrs. Dall
and Kennan's record of experiences and travels
over extensive tracts of Arctic soil, on the re-
spective sides of Behring's straits, during their
explorations in the service of the Russo Ameri-
can Telegraph Company, organized in 1864,
furnished some most interesting evidence of
the iuvaluability of these animals to the Ko-
raks and other tribes owning them. The
latter gentleman says that these dogs are lit-
tle better than half domestic Arctic wolves,
whose instincts and peculiarities they still re-
tain in a great measure ; but there is proba-
bly no more hardy and enduring animal in the
world. Although he is often compelled to
sleep in the snow, with no covering or pro-
tection of any kind, when the temperature is
70 below zero, to draw heavy loads until his
feet crack open and paint the snow with blood,
and go without food for days, until he is
brought to such a state of starvation as to eat
up his harness, yet his strength and spirits
seem alike unconquerable. "I have driven a
team of nine of these dogs," says Kennan,
"more than 100 miles in a day and a night,
and have frequently worked them hard 48
hours without being able to give them a par-
ticle of food. In general, tho3' are fed once a
day, their allowance being simply a dried tish,
weighing, ]ierhap9, a pound and a half or two
pounds. This is given to them at night, so
that they begin another da3''s work with
empty stomachs. The sledge to which they
are harnessed is about ten feet in length and
two feet in width, made with seasoned birch
timber, and combines, to a surprising degree,
the two most desirable qualities of strength
and lightness. It is simplj' a skeleton frame-
work fastened together with lashings of dried
seal skin and mounted on broad curved run-
ners. No iron whatever is used in the con-
struction, and it does not weigh more than
20 pounds, yet it will sustain a load of 4ilO
to 500 pounds, and endure the severest shocks
of rough mountain travel, occasionatlj' ren-
dered more than ordinarily severe by the
erratic behavior of the dogs, who sometimes,
should a deer or fox cross their route, cannot
overcome their wolfish propensities, but give
chase in a most deternnncd manner, heedless
alike of the driver's shouts and the load be-
hind them, dragging the sledge and its con-
tents at lightning speed over bluffs, and down
Steep inclines, often not being brought to a
stand still until submerged several feet in a
snow-drift. The number of dogs harnessed
to the sledges varies from seven to fifteen, ac-
cording to the nature of the country to be
traversed, and the weight of the load. Under
favorable circumstances, 11 dogs will make
from 40 to 50 miles a day with a man and a
load of 400 pounds. They are harnessed to
the sledge in successive couples, by a long,
central thong of seal-skin, to which each dog
is attached by a collar and a short trace.
They are guided and controlled entirely by
the voice, not by the whip, (as stated by some
writers on the subject,) and by a leader dog,
who is especially trained for that purpose.
The driver carries no whip, but has instead
a thick stick, about four feet in len*th and
two inches in diameter, called an cerstel. This
is armed at one end with a long iron spike,
and is used to check the speed of the sledge
in descending hills, and to stop the dogs when
they leave the road in pursuit of reindeer and
foxes. The spiked end is thrust down in
front of one of the knees or uprights of the
runners and dragged in that position through
the snow, the upper end being firmly held by
the driver, in whose hands it forms a power-
ful lever by which he can check his team if
inclined to be unruly. These animals, al-
though treated very indiflferentiy, are abso-
lutely essential to the existence of these semi-
barbarous tribes. The great distance of the
settlements one from another, and the absence
of any means of inter-communication in sum-
mer, make each village dependent on its own
resources, and prevent anj' mutual support
and assistance, so that should the winter be
extra severe a famine often sets in, and these
improvident people never think of stirring
until the last dried fish in store has been de-
voured, so that their only hope lies in their
dog teams, which are often called upon to
commence a Journey, on an empty belly, of
150 or 200 miles over deep snow, in search
of some friendly tribe of wandering Koraks
having been on scanty rations jDcrhaps for a
week or a fortnight previously.
When these tremendous journeys arc made
the natives are often compelled to travel all
night as well as all day, and they have a
practice of deluding the dogs into the belief
that they have slept all night, by allowing
them to stop and sleep an hour or so before
sunrise, when they wake them to continue
the wearisome journey. This deception, I
believe, generally answers, and the animals
resume their labors with renewed cheerful-
ness and energy. The sacrifice of these dogs
is considered by the natives as the surest
method of appeasing the anger of the evil
spirits, and twenty or thirty of thetn may be
seen suspended by the hind legs on long poles
over a single encampment. The Siberian
dogs exhibit many of the characteristics of
the dingo and other wild types, they have
the sharp, tapering muzzle, pricked ears,
and bushy tail, of these latter, but are not so
ferocious. Their bodies are long, feet large,
imbs well formed and exceedingly muscular.
The coat is rather coarse, but has an under-
growth of a thick, soft and woolly nature. The
color ranges from grayish red to dark dun,
sometimes brindlo, and usually with black
n^uzzle. The bark or rather semi-howl, of
these animals, much resembles the long, flvint,
wailing cry of a human being in the last ex-
tremity of suffering, and, when a hundred or
more dogs join in the chorus, the effect in the
stillness of an Arctic midnight is describe
as wild and unearthly, and sends the startle
blood of the listener bounding through hi
veins, and for a time earth seems filled wit
yelling, shrieking fiends. — Land and Wales
Selected for "The Friend."
The Testimony of Priscilla Cotton to Friendt
the day she died.
" All my dear friends, who have found you
Redeemer, oh! wait upon him at all timet
that you may stand continually in his prei
ence where life is, that with the light you r(
ceive from Him, you may see your thoughti
and deny them, that in stayedness you ma
be kept, when the hasty, forward spirit wouli
arise, and keep it down. With the measur
of God's spirit all maybe weighed, the word'-
to what they tend, that no lightness may aj; '
pear in your words, nor unsavoriness, tha
no offence come, but edification by all yo
speak. Let the elders vvatch, that at no tim
the younger may see lightness, laughter, o
words of offence, but that you ma}^ alway
keep down the evil in j-ourselves, and ma
minister grace to all you have to do witha
that God's spirit be not grieved. So kee
the field clean, that was once ploughed u
and made green and beautiful, that no stone
or hurtful weeds grow in it to oppress th
seed.
Friends, the cross is the power of God
and when you flee the cross, you lose th
power; that which pleaseth self, is above th
cross, and that which pleaseth man, is abov
the cross; and that which shuns the crosi
yields to the carnal part, and loses its d(
minion. Though the cross seems foolishness
stand in it; though it seems weak, stand i
it; though it be a stumbling block to th
wise, stand in it; there the dominion, authoi
ity, and crown are received. This is not fo
you to be exercised in for a time only, as s
your first convincement, but daily, even t
the death, as long as a desire, will, or though
remaineth in you, contrary to God's pur
light, and judge it by it; and as you wait i
the light you will come to know a cross, i
the use of meat, drink, and apparel, and kee
to the cross when alone, or in company ; wh^
the pure mind of God stands against in yoc
that the cross^is against.
So Friends, watch daily to keep Christ'
command, ' Take up your daily cross;' be no
at liberty one day, but deny thy own will, th;
own thoughts, and thy own self Taking n
the cross, you feel the power, the strength c
the Lord God, which breaks down all, keep
in order, in safety, and in peace. This pr(
serves from stubbornness, wilfulness, an
headiness, and brings all to be subject, a
dear children, unto God, and subject one unt
another as brethren. In the light and in tb
cross, there are no evil thoughts, no har
speeches, no contention, no having pre-em;
nence; but as brethren and sisters, pitifu
tender-hearted, courteous, forgiving, forbeai
ing,long-suft'ering, and supporting one anothei
Here the power of the ci'oss is known, whici
brings all to God's praise, and to his bono
and glory, and to his children's prosperit;
and peace : so let it be. Amen.
Priscilla Cotton.
And they that^ know thy name, will pn
their trust in Thee, for thou. Lord ! hast no,
forsaken them that seek thee.
:^<
«i
S)
/
■e
^^-
/
i^_
^-.
THE FRIEND.
223
■^^^
>
(Ti
>^^
/
/^
^-^/
Gangetia Delta, an elephant, with its two at-
tendants, cost little more than £2 a month.
The amount is now fully double, and in other
d drier parts of India, where forage is
'•*■ i-£acho8 the high tiguro of .£G or £7.
Saturday Jicoiew.
^
K.
^-X-^
"V.
.^
<^'
>
^z.
>-;
^^:"
(x,f y <*-/ -imunieations,
^^-^hi-uJ. This was at
, ^^the faithful, an
Selected.
dear ancient Friends, be careful
lever forget, nor depart from j-our
nd tenderness; and all _you j^ounger
not so full}' known it, wait diligent-
that 3-0U may know the blessed
it, as the ancients have done, that
the fear of God placed in the heart,
we and dread of offending the Lord,
■ come to say with them : Oh ! that I
'er speak a word, nor do any action
ing vanity; they cannot, as too many do,
[cover, dissemble and lie, to accomjilish self-
j ends ; vain communication is not allowed to
come out of their mouths: hands are limited
from taking briiies, using of viDlencc, or doing
any wrong; the jialhs of rioters they can-
not walk in, but are lovers of righteousness,
and haters of iniiiuity in themselves and
others. And to this estate we might all
come, by denying such motions as the light
of righteousness in our own hearts manifests
to be evil. Ill mi Ti'RI'ord.
/r.
.. - • ly grieve His good Spirit, nor break
^'*^'*-,ce with Him. May 1 never eat nor
0 excess, nor wear any thing in a])parel
—•y to the pui'o Truth ; neither be found
carriage or behavior, in conversation
wherebj' the Truth may
and is the desire and cry
d of those that truly fear
ord. — John Banks.
^^
"--^a!
■moralhatton at Jerusalem. — The London
>pondent of the Jewish Mcssc7iger says,
he is in receipt of a private letter from
isalem, which gives a sad account of the
e of things in the Holj' City. Beggars
many, laborers few. It is, indeed, sad to
these continued descriptions from ini-
htial witnesses, of the miserable beggarly-
sition of the Jews of Jerusalem. A great
al of the present misery of the Jerusalem
iws is directly traced to the misplaced, ill-
advised generosity- of the European Jews, who
think they are discharging a religious duty,
as well as performing a charitable act, by
sending money in the form of Ohehichah to
Jerusalem. Old men, middle aged men, and
even young lads, who can and ought to be
made to work for their living, centre their
whole object in life upon sharing in the funds
obtained I'rom the Jews outside of Jerusalem.
The worst of it is, that the young children
follow, and, in tact, are made to Ibllow the
pernicious example of their parents. There
must eventually come a time when concerted
action will be taken l)y the Jews of Europe
upon this question. Undoubtedly great good
could be done with the money now sent to
Jerusalem, if a better sj'stem of distribution
were organized. As it is, under the present
system, the money does much more harm
than irood.
nveyance are
tion is not essential, of the very
nvenience to residents of the plains.
The owner of an elephant has besides afar
eater guarantee for respectability than the
irner of a gig. It is not to be iniagined,
iwevei-, that elephants cost nothing, or can
osper without care and attendance. A
udent person will guard his elephant from
e deluge of a tropical rain, and to this end
bigh-roofed burn must be eonstiucted, with
en sides large enough to admit something
the size of an ordinary haystack. Then
e bath is as indispensable to the elephant
it was to an old Koman ; and after a daily
iinge and a swim, daring which nothing is
30 of the animal but the tip of his trunk,
lies down on its side at a signal from the
iver, and submits to be oiled, cleaned and
ashed, while thorns or foreign substances
3 extracted from the toes.
When these operations are concluded, a
ain is fastened round one hind leg and made
3ure to a post or tree, and the remainder of
s day is passed bj^ the elephant in oblite-
ing the traces of the bath by showers of
St, or in driving away the tlies with a leafy-
inch. The food generally consists of several
uuds of coarse rice, the stem of a plantain
ie and a whole cartload of tender branches
iently cut off. To procure this latter supply
the daily duty of one of the attendants,
10, in Indian phraseology, is termed " a
vte," the title of "mahout" being reserved jknow nolimit; their ears, e3-es, tongi7es, hands
■ the head keeper. Not every kind of leaf: and feet, are at liberty to hear evil reports
palatable, and whole tracts of country cov- 1 behold vanity, speak proudly, rashly, unad'
id with forest trees are absolutely useless ivisedly and deceitfully, to do violence, take
■ the feeding of elephants. [bribes, and go where they list.
When on a march, or in the jungle.s, ele-l But where a right spirit rules, every mem-
ants will endeavor to feed all da.y, and will ber of the body is under a limit ; the ear is
Itch at anything edible. Formerly in the turned from fables, and the eye from behold-
THE FRIEND.
SFX'OND MOXTII lis. 1S74.
Transforming Wor/i of Grace. — Whence
come pride and haughtiness, contention and
strife, fraud and deceit, oppression and cru-
elty, but from the author of all wickedness?
Where the flesh, with the affections thereof,
is crucified, such things are not to be found :
and, let us pretend to what religion wc will,
whilst such things are practised, we keep
alive what ought to be mortified.
Where an evil spirit is u])permost, men
If v.'o maj' trust the experience of those
who have been the most apt scholars in the
school of Christ, and attained to the pro-
foundcst knowledge of the mysteries of his
Kingdom, we may rest assured that the deep-
est religious feeling arises from the secret
operation of Divine grace on the soul. It
makes but little noise or creaturcly demon-
stration, but fixes the attention anil the ex-
pectation on Christ alone, and manifests its
supernatural origin and power, by producing
compliance with the Divine will, in taking up
the daily cross.
Much is lost where wo arc deceived into
thinking that the life of religion consists in
outward activity. A man's enemies are those
of his own house. To overcome them, to
know the strong natural man hound, and all
his goods spoiled, the unrelenting warfare
must be carried on within, and he who main-
tains the contest victoriously knows how fre-
quent and how great are the fear, the trem-
bling and the suffering he has to undergo,
before his triumph is achieved, through the
power of the Lamb, and he girded with the
whole armor of God, and able to stand against
the wiles of the devil.
For true growth in this religious life, it is
of primary importance to keep the word of
the Lord's patience, so as to know Him to
keep us from the hour of temptation, which
we are assured will come to tiy all that dwell
upon the earth. This p;itience is one of the
most beautiful, and not the least costly, of all
the jewels that adorn the sanctified .soul. It
restrains the flesh and keeps the temper
unrullled under provocation ; it bridles the
tongue, subdues pride, and strengthens the
tried or mourning spirit. Hence the injunc-
tion of our Saviour to his disciples, when
forewarning them of the persecution and suf-
fering they would have to meet, "In your
patience possess ye j-our souls."
In one of the epistles addressed by Edward
Burrough and Francis Howgil, to those in
Loudon who had been recently convinced of
the truth of the jirinciples held by Friends,
and were f-triving to walk comformal)!}' there-
with, they sa}-. •■ Look not out at words, for
that which feeds there, is for famine. But
dwell in the Ijight, joining with the immortal
principle which receives nourishment from
the eternal Fountain, and which the world
knows not of nor comprehends. As you grow
in the Pure, and in the Life, so you are un-
known to the world ; and your growth will
appear by your obedience in the cross of
Christ. -Stumble not at the cross; for such
as do, have no part in the eternal inheritance.
But walk in the cross, which is life to the
222
THE FRIEND.
r
Siberian Dags.
A HARDY AND USEFUL ANIJIeVL.
The Esquimaux, or Siberian dog, is found
nearly all over tlie most rortliern parts of
Nortli America and Siberia, and, although
perhaps he is of more importance to the nu-
merous tribes which inhabit those inhospita-
ble regions than any other breed of dogs is
to any other people on the face of the earth,
yet many naturalists and writers on " The
Dog" only notice this animal in a very cur-
sory manner. The Esquimaux dog, which is
found with verj' little variation in shape, size
or color, on both sides of Bohring's straits, is,
in many respects, to the settled tribes in-
habiting those districts, what the reindeer is
to the Laplander, and the camel to the Arab.
He is their only beast of burden, and is gen-
erally employed in drawing materials in a
sledge over the boundless and dreary deserts
of snow, where the Cold is so intense that no
other domestic animal, except the reindeer,
could exist, and bear the hardships this ani-
mal is called upon to undergo. Messrs. Dall
and Kennan's record of experioncesand travels
over extensive tracts of Arctic soil, on the re-
spective sides of Behring's straits, during their
explorations in the service of the Eusso Ameri-
can Telegraph Company, organized in 1864,
furnished some most interesting evidence of
the iuvaluability of these animals to the Ivo-
raks and other tribes owning them. The
latter gentleman says that these dogs are lit-
tle better than half domestic Arctic wolves,
whose instincts and peculiarities they still re-
tain in a great measure ; but there is proba-
bly no more hardy and enduring animal in the
world. Although he is often compelled to
sleep in the snow, with no covering or pro-
tection of any kind, when the temperature is
70 below zero, to draw heavy loads until his
feet crack open and paint the snow with blood,
and go without food for days, until he is
brought to such a state of starvation as to oat
up his harness, yei his strength and spirits
seem alike unconquerable. " I have driven a
team of nine of these dogs," says Kenuan,
"more than 100 miles in a day and a night,
and have frequently worked them hard 48
hours without beiiig able to give them a par-
ticle of food. In general, thc3' are fed once a
day, their allowance being simply a dried fish,
weighing, perhaps, a pound and a half or two
pounds. This is given to them at night, so
that they begin another day's work with
empty stomachs. The sledge to which they
are harnessed is about ten feet in length and
two feet in width, made with seasoned birch
timber, and combines, to a surprising degree,
the two most desirable qualities of strength
and lightness. It is simply a skeleton frame-
work fastened together with lashings of dried
seal skin and mounted on broad curved run-
ners. No iron whatever is used in the con-
struction, and it does not weigh more than
20 pounds, yet it will sustain a load of 400
to 500 pounds, and endure the severest shocks
of rough mountain travel, occasionallj' ren-
dered more than ordinarily severe by the
erratic behavior of the dogs, who sometimes,
should a deer or fox cross their route, cannot
overcome their wolfish propensities, but give
chase in a most determined manner, heedless
alike of the driver's shouts and the load be-
hind them, dragging the sledge and its con-
tents at lightning speed over blutfs, and down
Steep inclines, often not being brought to a
stand still until submerged several feet in a
snow-drift. The number of dogs harnessed
to the sledges varies from seven to fifteen, a""
cording to the nature of the countrv •■
traversed, and the weight of the Ic
favorable circumstances, 11 dogs
from 40 to 50 miles a day with a i
load of 400 pounds. They are ha;
the sledge in successive couples, h
central thong of seal-skin, to which
is attached by a collar and a she
They are guided and controlled en
the voice, not by the whip, (as stated
writers on the subject,) and by a lea
who is especially trained for that \
The driver carries no whip, but has
a thick stick, about four feet in len|
two inches in diameter, called an cerste
is armed at one end with a long iron
and is used to check the speed of the
in descending hills, and to stop the dog6
they leave the road in pursuit of reinde
foxes. The spiked end is thrust do'
front of one of the knees or uprights c
runners and dragged in that position thi
the snow, the upper end being firmly he
the driver, in whose hands it forms a po
ful lever by which he can check his tea
inclined to be unruly. These animals
though treated very indifferently, are a
lutely essential to the existence of these se
barbarous tribes. The great distance of
settlements one from another, and the absei
of any means of inter-communication in su
mer, make each village dependent on its ov
resources, and prevent any mutual suppo
and assistance, so that should the winter I
e.xtra severe a famine often sets in, and thes,
improvident people never think of stirrin
until the last dried fish in store has been de-
voured, 80 that their only hope lies in their
dog teams, which are often called upon to
commence a journey, on an empty belly, of
150 or 200 miles over deep snow, in search
of some friendly tribe of wandering Koraks,
having been on scanty rations perhaps for a
week or a fortnight previously.
When these tremendous journeys are made
the natives are often compelled to travel all
night as well as all day, and they have a
])ractice of deluding the dogs into the belief
that they have slept all night, by allowing
them to stop and sleep an hour or so before
sunrise, when they wake them to continue
the wearisome journey. This deception, 1
believe, generally answers, and the animals
resume their labors with renewed cheerful-
ness and energy. The sacrifice of these dogs
is considered by the natives as the surest
method of appeasing the anger of the evil
spirits, and twenty or thirty of them maj' be
seen suspended by the hind legs on long poles
over a single encampment. The Siberian
dogs exhibit many of the characteristics of
the dingo and other wild types, they have
the sharp, tapering muzzle, pricked cars,
and bushy tail, of these latter, but are not so
ferocious. Their bodies are long, feet large,
limbs well formed and exceedingly muscular.
The coat is rather coarse, but has an under-
growth of a thick, soft and woolly nature. The
color ranges from grayish red to dark dun,
sometimes brindlo, and usually with black
muzzle. The bark or rather semi-howl, of
these animalrJ, much resembles the long, ftiint,
wailing cry of a human being in the last ex-
tremity of suffering, and, when a hundred or
more dogs join in the chorus, the effect in the
rrar^part, and loses its do
Wn. Though the cross seems foolishnes>i
stand in it; though it seems wea'ic, stand ii
it; though it be a stumbling block to tb(
wise, stand in it; there the dominion, author
ity, and crown are received. This is not foi
you to be exercised in for a time only, as ai
your first convincement, but daily, even t'
the death, as long as a desire, will, or thouglii
remaineth in you, contrary to God's pun
light, and judge it by it; and as you wait ii
the light you will come to know a cross, i;
the use of meat, drink, and apparel, and kec)
to the cross when alone, or in company ; whu;
the pure mind of God stands against in j'oa
that the cross^is against.
So Friends, watch daily to keep Christ't
command, ' Take up your daily cross ;' be noi
at liberty one day, but deny thy own will, thjl
own thoughts, and thy own self Taking ujl
the cross, you feel the power, the strength o
the Lord God, which breaks down all, keeps
in order, in safety, and in peace. This pre
serves from stubbornness, wilfulness, an(
headiness, and brings all to be subject, ai
dear children, unto God, and subject one unt<
another as brethren. In the light and in th(
cross, there are no evil thoughts, no bar(
speeches, no contention, no having pre-emi
nence; but as brethren and sisters, pitiful
tender-hearted, courteous, forgiving, forbear
ing,long-suffering, and supportingone another
Here the power of the cross is known, whicl
brings all to God's praise, and to his hono)
and glory, and to his children's prosperitj
and peace : so let it be. Amen.
Prisoilla Cotton.
And they that^ know thy name, will pu'
their trust in Thee, for thou, Lord 1 hast not
forsaken them that seek thee.
I
THE FRIEND.
223
The Service of Elephants. — In India the pos-
■ssion of an elephant or two is bj' no means
)Dfined to royal or princely families. Lund-
jlders and English gentlemen, engaged in
)mmercial or agricultural pursuits in the in-
Tior of the eoiintry, tind such an animal to
< well worth his keeping in many ways. It
■ings in the coUcetioas of rent from an out-
ation to head quarters. It takes important
tters or supplies right across the country,
will carry lialf a dozen servants, with bed,
iggage and cooking apparatus, to any place
here these adjuncts or necessaries cannot be"
lied on. It enables the native agents of a
ctory to travel about with security against
cidents or robbery. Where roads have not
en constructed, or are impassable for vehi-
js during the rainy season, the elejihant is
(ual to any emergency. To swim rivers, to
irt or wade through swamps, to step clever-
over fences, to fray a jiath through reeds,
(I break down forest trees firmly connected
'•long, trailing creepers, is a comparativel}-
I iay task to this sagacious, powerful and obe-
dient servant. It is true that three or four
I' iles an hour is the average rate of progress,
id that it is hardl}' fair to exact more than
'teen or twentj- miles of a march in a daj-.
must be admitted, too, that practice is
cessary to accustom the traveller to the
otion, and that the paces of all elephants
■e not the same. Some are so smooth as
most to invite slumber ; on others the un-
cky occupant of the cushion rolls about as
sea, and arrives at his journey's end with
re pains in his joints. But the docility of
e beast and the security of this mode of
nveyance are, where ra])idity of eommuni-
tion is not essential, of the verj- greatest
iDvenience to residents of the plains.
The owner of an elephant bus besides afar
■eater guarantee for respectability than the
?ner of a gig. It is not to be imagined,
(wever, that elephants cost nothing, or can
osper without care and attendance. A
adent person will guard his elephant from
e deluge of a tropical rain, and to this end
high-roofed barn must be constiueted, with
len sides large enough to admit something
the size of an ordinary haystack. Then
e bath is as indispensable to the elephant
it was to an old Koman ; and after a daily
ange and a swim, during which nothing is
en of the animal but the tip of his trunk,
lies down on its side at a signal from the
iver, and submits to be oiled, cleaned and
ushed, while thorns or foreign substances
e extracted from the toes.
When these operations are concluded, a
ain is fastened round one hind leg and made
lure to a post or tree, and the remainder of
e day is passed by the elephant in oblite-
ting the traces of the bath by siiowers of
st, or in driving away the tiies with a Icaly
anch. The food generally consists of several
unds of coarse rice, the stem of a plantain
ie and a whole cartload of tender branches
jentlycut otf. To procure this latter supply
the daily dutj- of one of the attendants,
10, in Indian phraseology, is termed " a
ite," the title of " mahout" being reserved
■ the head keeper. Not every kind of loaf
palatable, and whole tracts of country cov-
Jd with forest trees are absolutely useless
• the feeding of elephants.
When on a march, or in the jungle)?, ele-
Jants will endeavor to feed all day, and will
fitch at anything edible. Formerly in the
Gangetia Delta, an elephant, with its two at-
tendants, cost little more than £2 a month.
The amount is now fully doable, and in other
and drier parts of India, where forage is
scarce, it reaches the high tigurc of £6 or £7.
— London Sat unlay Jicriew.
Scleetod.
And my dear ancient Friends, be careful
that you never forget, nor depart from your
first love and tenderness; and all you younger
who have not so fully known it, wait diligent-
ly for it. that j'ou may kno^v the blessed
effects of it, as the ancients have done, that
through the fear of God placed in the heart,
and an awe and dread of offending the Lord,
3'ou may come to say with them: Oh! that I
may never speak a word, nor do any action
that may grieve His good Spirit, nor break
my peace with Him. May I never eat nor
drink to excess, nor wear any thing in apparel
contrary to the pure Truth ; neither be found
in any carriage or behavior, in conversation
or communications, wherebj' the Truth may
suffer. This was and is the desire and cry
of all the faithful, and of those that truly fear
the Lord. — John Banks.
ing vanity; they cannot, as too many do,
cover, dissemble and lie, to accom]ilish self-
j ends ; vain communication is not allowed to
come out of their nioulhs; hands are limited
from taking bribes, using of violence, or doing
any wrong ; the paths of rioters they can-
not walk in, but are lovers of righteousne.'-s,
antl haters of inii|uity in themselves and
others. And to this estate we might all
come, by denying such motions as the light
of righteousness in our own hearts manifests
to be evil. lltirin Turford.
Demoralization at Jerusalem. — The London
corrcf'pondent of the Jewish Messenger says,
that he is in receipt of a private letter from
Jerusalem, which gives a sad account of the
state of things in the Holy City. Beggars
are many, laborers few. It is, indeed, sad to
hear these continued descriptions from im-
partial witnesses, of the miserable beggarly
position of the Jews of Jerusalem. A great
deal of the present misery of the Jerusalem
Jews is directly traced to the misplaced, ill-
advised generosity of the European Jews, who
think they are discharging a religious duty,
as well as performing a charitable act, by
sending money in the form of Cheluehah to
Jerusalem. Old men, middle aged men, and
even young lads, who can and ought to be
made to work for their living, centre their
whole object in life upon sharing in the funds
obtained from the Jew s outside of Jerusalem.
The worst of it is, that the young children
follow, and, in fact, are made to tbllow the
pernicious example of their parents. There
must eventually come a time when concerted
action will be taken by the Jews of Europe
upon this question. Undoubtedly great good
could be done with the money now sent to
Jerusalem, if a better system of distribution
were organized. As it is, under the present
system, the money does much more harm
than n-ood.
THE FRIEND.
SFX'OND MONTH 2S. 1S7-1.
Transforming Work of Grace. — Whence
come pride and haughtiness, contention and
strife, fraud and deceit, oppression and cru-
eltj-, but from the author of all wickedness?
Where the flesh, with the affections thereof,
is crucified, such things are not to be found :
and, let us pretend to what religion we will,
whilst such things are practised, we keep
alive what ought to be raortifieil.
Where an evil spirit is ujjpermost, men
know nolimit; theircars, eyes, tongues, hands
and feet, are at liberty to hear evil reports,
behold vanity, speak proudly, rashly, unad
visedly and deceitfully, to do violence, take
bribes, and go where they list.
But where a right spirit rules, everj- mem-
ber of the body is under a limit ; the ear is
turned from fables, and the eye from behold-
If we may trust the experience of tiioso
who have been the most apt scholars in the
school of Christ, and attained to the pro-
foundest knowledge of the mysteries of his
Kingdom, we may rest assured" that the deep-
est religious feeling arises from the secret
operation of Divine grace on the soul. It
makes but little noise or creatui'cly demon-
stration, but fixes the attention and the ex-
pectation on Christ alone, and manifests its
supernatural origin and power, by producing
compliance with the Divine will, in taking up
the daily cross.
Much is lost where we arc deceived into
thinking that the life of religion consists in
outward activity. A man's enemies arc those
of his own house. To overcome them, to
know the strong natural man bound, and all
his goods spoiled, the unrelenting warfare
must be carried on within, and he who main-
tains the contest victoriously knows how ire-
rjuent and how great are the fear, the trem-
bling and the surtering he has to undergo,
before his triumph is achieved, through the
power of the Lamb, and he girded with the
whole armor of God, and able to stand against
the wiles of the devil.
For true growth in this religious life, it is
of primary importance to keej) the word of
the Lord's patience, so as to know Him to
keep us from the hour of temptation, which
we are assured will come to try all that dwell
upon the earth. Tliis patience is one of the
most beautiful, and not the least costly, of all
the jewels that adorn the sanctified soul. It
restrains the flesh and keeps the temper
unrultled under provocation ; it bridles the
tongue, subdues pride, and strengthens the
tried or mourning spirit. Hence the injunc-
tion of our Saviour to his disciples, when
f(H-ewarning them of the persecution and suf-
fering they would have to meet, ''In your
patience possess ye your souls."
In one of the epistles addressed by Edward
Burrough anci Francis Uowgil, to those in
Loudon who had been recently convinced of
the truth of the ))rinciples held by Friends,
and were i-triving to walk comformably there-
with, they say, ■■ Look not out at words, for
that which feeds there, is for famine. But
dwell in the Light, joining with the immortal
principle which receives nourishment from
the eternal Fountain, and which the world
knows not of nor comprehends. As you grow
in the Pure, and in the Life, so you are un-
known to the worUl ; and your growth will
appear by your obedience in the cross of
Christ. -Stumble not at the cross; for such
as do, have no part in the eternal inheritance.
But walk in the cross, which is life to the
224
THE FRIEND.
now man and death to the old, and so through
death, life is made manifest; and the pure
life of God arisinu; in all, the world will be
trampled upon and denied by you. But such
amongst you that choose the world, wrath
from God, we declare [will be] against you.
And you who know the way and cast off the
truth, and for the love of that which is visible,
turn from the truth, you cannot escape the
damnation of hell."
What an unspeakable favor would it be, if
all the trumpets that are sounding amongst
us in the present daj-, were calling the people
to inward reverential waiting upon Chi-ist, as
Ho reveals himself by his light to the soul.
How surely and truly would it teach those
who accepted it as their guide, of their entire
dependence ou Him as the atoning sacrifice,
by which He purchased for them, foi-giveness
and reconciliation, as the justifier and sancti-
fier of his true born children, and as the wis-
dom of God and the power of God; thus im-
parting to them that knowledge of the only
true God and of Jesus Christ his son which is
life eternal. This is the only way by which
true Q,uakers can be made. To such truly
convinced ones, small as the church m ly be,
" the call goes forth that she gather to the
place of pure, inwai'd jjrayer, and her habita-
tion is safe."
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
FoREi'iN. — The London Times says, the final result
of the elections mav be exactly stated as follows: The
Conservatives returned .351 ; the Liberals and Home-
rulers 302. The total number of votes polled in Great
Britain and Ireland was about 2,500,000, which is a
considerable falling off from the vote at the last general
election, and shows that many persons abstained from
voting.
On the 10th inst. Gladstone waited on the Queen at
Windsor Castle, and formally tendered his resignation
and that of his colleagnes, which was accepted, and
Benjamin Disraeli was invited to form a new Cabinet.
On the 20th it was oliicially announced that the minis-
try was constituted as follows : First Lord of the Trea-
sury, Disraeli ; Chancellor of the Exchequer, Sir vStaf-
ford Northcote ; First Lord of the Admiralty, Ward
Hunt ; Secretary of Slate for the Home Department,
Richard Ascheton Cross ; for the Foreign Department,
Earl of Derby; for the Colonial Department, Earl of
Carnarvon ; for War, Gathorne Hardy ; for India, Mar-
quis of Sal isbiu-y ; Lord High Chancellor, Lord Cairns;
Lord of the Privy Seal, Earl of Malmeslniry ; Lonl
President of the Council, Duke of Richmond. Lord
John Manners is appointed Poslmaster General. The
new ministry is wholly composed of men who have held
oifice in tVu-mer Conservative administrations. The ac-
tion of Disraeli in limiting his cabinet to twelve mem-
bers is generally approved. Gladstone's Cabinet had
fifteen members.
It is represented that Gladstone has determined to
no longer take an active part in Pa-liamentary proceed-
ings.
The Times says a telegraphic dis|iatch was received
at Cape Coast Castle on the 28th nit. from the expedi-
tionary force, announcing that Coomassie, the capital
of Asliantee, had surrendered to the British forces, and
the king and his family were prisoners.
Dr. Beke, the English traveller, reports that he has
discovered the true Mount Sinai. It is situated a day's
journey northest of the village of Akaba, Arabia, at the
altitude of 500 feet above the level of the sea. Dr. Beke
eay.s he found remains of animals that had been sacri-
ficed. He also discovered Sinaitic inscriptions, which
he copied.
The Faraday, a steamship of five thousand tons bur-
den, built for the special purpose of laying telegraph
cables in the Atlantic, has been launched at New Castle.
The Indian government telegraphs that it now has
ample supplies of grain to meet every demand from the
distressed districts. Intelligence has reached Calcutta
that some persons have already died of famine, and
multitudes are distressed from want of food. It is esti-
mated that but for the aid furnished by the govern-
ment, about five hundred thousand persons must have
perished.
1 The total circulation of the United Kingdom at the
'close of 1872, is stated to have been £141,239,000 sterl-
ling, in coin and notes, equivalent in United States gold
icoin to $686,421,540. The gold coin amounted to £84,-
551,000 sterling, and the silver to £15,000,000.
It is said that on the assembling of Parliament it will
he immediately prorouged until the 12th of next month,
so that the members who have accepted office in the
new cabinet, may have an opportunity to go before their
constituents for re-election.
The Queen, at the recommendation of Gladstone, has
granted a pension to the cliildren of Dr. Livingstone.
It is no longer doubted that the report of his death is
true.
A Madrid dispatch of the 22d says: Severe fighting
has been going on in Biscay for several days. The
heights above Soraorostro are held by a Carlist force of
25,000 men. The Republicans have taken the first
height. Their losses were heavy. A Bayonne dispatch
says the Carlists have taken the town of Vinaroz, with
its garrison of 200 men,
A Berlin dispatch of the 18th says ; In the Reichstag
to-day Bishop Metz, who is a member, asked the Pre-
sident for permission to be accompanied by interpreters
during the sittings. His request was refused. A mo-
tion ottered by an Alsatian deputy, that Alsace and
Lorraine be permitted a plebiscitum to decide their
nationality, was rejected by an overwhelming majority.
The Alsatian delegates subsequently withdrew from the
Reichstag and returned to Strasbourg.
A dispatch from Khartoum of 2d mo. 14th says : The
Sultan of Darfur invaded the Egyptian territory, near
the Bahrel (jazi, and captured a number of slaves. The
Egyptian Governor, Zebra Beri, gave battle, and the
lighting resulted in dispersing the Sultan's army, 10,000
strong, capturing four guns and killing the Vizier and
many chiei's.
A formidable insurrection is said to have broken out
in Japan. A dispatch from Nagasauki says, the insur-
rection is .spreading, and the situation is critical. The
insurgents are advancing on that place, and at the last
accounts were so near that the foreign residents were
preparing to leave.
The Emperor of Austria has left St. Petersburg and
proceeded to Moscow.
A Paris dispatch says: The Minister of the Interior
has sent a circular to the prefects, directing them to
keep watch upon the citizens who leave their depart-
ments for Chiselliurst, for the purpose of doing homage
to the Prince Imperial on the occasion of bis becoming
of age.
The Hawaiian King, Lunalillo, died on the 3d inst.
• jeneral Gonzales was installed as President of San
Domingo on the 27th ult. The official declaration of
the vote shows he was elected by a large majority. All
the members of the family of ex-President Baez have
been banished from the country.
There was an earthquake ^at Laguayra on the 6th
inst., the severest since,1812. Much injury was done to
persons and property.
United States. — There were 315 interments in
Philadelphia last week, including 97 children under
two vears. Of the deaths 36 were of consumption and
39 intiammation of the lungs, 11 typhoid fever, and 17
old age. At;the municipal election held in this city
on the 17th inst., 109,251 votes were polled. Tlie can-
didates nominated by the Republican party for Mayor,
City Solicitor and Receiver of Taxes, had majorities
ranging from 10,995 to 13,717. The quantity of gas
made at the city gas works during 1873, was 1,648,587,-
000 cubic feet, being an increase over the year 1872, of
161,018,000 feet. The street mains laid during the
year were a little over twenty miles, making the entire
length 605 miles. The profits of the year were .S305,758,
nearly all of which has been expended in the perma-
nent improvement of the works and laying mains. The
number of consumers of gas increased 4708, and now
amounts to 79,477.
The deaths in New York city last week were 533.
During the past two weeks 1232 applications for
patents were made at the Patent-office, Washington.
This is a number unprecedented, in so short a time, in
the history of that Department.
There have been passed during the present session of
Congress in the House of Representatives, 115 bills, of
which about fifty have become laws. Of this large
number, but few are of general inlerest or importance.
The Congressional committee, to whom was referred
the memorial to recognize God and the Christian re-
ligion in the Constitution of the United States, have
reported at length and pointedly against the proposi-
tion.
The Supreme Court of the Territory of New Mexico
has decided that the Puebla Indians are citizens of the
LTnited States, under the Treaty of Guadaloupe-Hidal I
This decision will add 4000 to the voting population
that territory. '
A temperance movement began recently in Oli
directed especially against the drinking saloons whi
abound in all the villages and towns. The meth
adopted is for companies of women to visit the drinki
places and endeavor to induce the venders of intoxi.
ting drinks to abandon the business. In numtrc
cases the appeal has been successful. From Ohio t
movement has spread into Indiana, Iowa, lUino
Michigan and other States. It is said that more th
one thousand drinking places have been closed
twenty-five towns. The laudable object of the woui
is, however, sometimes eff.;cted by questionable niL;i!
such as singing and praying before the saloons, and I
sieging them until the keepers promise to close then
27(6 Markets, &c. — The following were the quotatic
on the 21st inst. Nexo York. — American gold, 11:
U. S. sixes, 1881, registered, 120, coupon VlVg; diu
1862, 118; ditto, 10-40 5 per cents, registered, 11
coupon, 116. Superfine flour, $5.90 a !?6.25; St:i
extra, S6.65 a S6.S0; finer brands, S7 a Sll. No.
Chicago spring wheat, $1.58; No. 2 do., §1.54. Str
barley, $1.80. Oats, 58 a 63 cts. Western yellow coi
77 a 82 cts.; southern yellow, 78 a 80 cts. ; do. win
SI a 85 cts. PAiWc/p/ii'a.^LIplands and New Orlea
cotton, 16 a 17 cts. Superfine Hour, $5 a S5.50 ; extr,
$5.75 a $6.50; finer brands, ~tl a $10.50. Red whe- ■
$1.60 a $1.72; amber, $1,68 a $1.75; white, $1.80..'
S1.85. Rye, 92 cts. Yellow corn, 74 a 76 cts. Oa
57 a 64 cts. Smoked hams, 12 a 14 cts. Lard, 9}
9:S cts. About 2500 beef cattle sold on the 23J int
extra at 7} a 7^ cts. per lb. gross, and common at 4;
5 cts., a few choice brought 7f a 8 cts. Sheep sold a
a 7i cts. per lb. gross and corn fed hogs at SS.50 a S9 |
100 lb. net. Chieayo. — No. 1 spring wheat, Sl.2'J
No. 2 do., $1.20 ; No. 3 .SI. 16.1. No. 2 mixed com,
cts. St. Louis. — No. 2 spring wheat, $1.20 a SI. '2
No. 2 wiiuer red, $1.51 a $1.58. Oats, 47i cts. C
cinnati. — Wheat, $1.40 a $1.43. Corn, 69 a 62 cUs. Oa
48 a 53 cts. Lard, 83 a 9 cts.
FRIENDS' FREEDMEN'S ASSOCIATION,
With nineteen .schools in N. Carolina and Virgin
in successful operation, and 2193 .scholars in attendan
involving an expense of $1,000 per month for the m
three months, the Association has but a small amoL
in its treasury. We commend the subject to the sei it
attention of Friends.
RicHAED Cadbury, Treasurer
Jajies E. Rhoads, Pre.s't of Executive Board.
Philadelphia, 2d mo. 13th, 1874.
AVESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
As the stations of Superintendent and Matron of tl
Institution are expected to be vacated at the close oft
Vv'inter Session, in the 4th month next. Friends w
may feel drawn to undertake the duties attached
theiu, are requested to communicate thereon witheitl
of the f illowing named members (jf the Committee.
Nathaniel N. Stokes, Cinnaminson Post-offi
Burlington Co., N. J.
Charles Evans, No. 702 Race St., Philadelphi
Debor.ah Rhoads, Haddonfield, N. J.
Rebecca S. Allen, No. 335 S. Fifth St., Philai
FRIENDS' BOARDING SCHOOL FOR INDIA
CHILDREN, TUNESASSA, NEW YORK.
A teacher of the school will be wanted at the co
raencement of the Spring term. Also a Friend to 1
as assistant matron.
Application may be made to
Ebenezer Worth, Marshallton, Chester Co., P:
Joseph Scattergood, 413 Spruce St., Philada.
Aaron Sharpless, Street Road P. O., C!ie>
Co., Pa.
Thomas V^istar, Fox Chase P. O., Philad:'.
FRIENDS' ASYLUJI FOR THE INSANE.
Near Frankford,{Twentii-third Ward,) Philadelphia
Physician and Superintendent — Joshua H. Wobt,
INGTON, M. D.
Applications for the Admission of Patients may
m:»de to the Superintendent, or to any of the Board
Managers.
Died, on Sixth-day, the 17th of lOlh mo. 1873,
the residence of her husband, George Haines, M- i.
Sakah W. Haixes, in the seventy-second year of h
age, a beloved member of LI|>per Evesham Monti
Meeting of Friends, New Jersey. Her relatives h:i
the consoling belief her end was peace.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. XLVII.
SEVENTH-DAY, THIRD MONTH 7, 1874.
NO. 29.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
ice Two Dollars per annum, if paid in advance. Two
dollars and fifty cents, if not paid in advance.
Subscriptions and Payments receiTed by
JOHN S. STOKES,
tT NO. 116 XOBTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS,
PHII<ADEI;FEIA.
latage, when paid quarterly in advance, five cents.
For "The Frifud."
John Heald.
fCoDtinued from page 219.1
« 11th mo. 19th. Crossed the Bay of t^antry
rer rough water, and went to Joseph Ilaz-
ird's to lodge. In the morning before day,
e rode by the light of the moon, and came
time to the Select meeting before the
Monthly Meeting came on, in each of which 1
id some service."
In the latter of these, J. H. revived the
lery, ''How much owest thou to my Lord,"
id called upon those present to consider
hether they could safely keep back any
ing that was due to Him, in order to gratify
eir own desires. He referred to the danger
ere was that such would little by little have
eir attention and affections drawn away
Dtn Heavenly things, and placed on earthly
ings and earthly delights ; and thus their
sarts would become strongly fastened to the
orld, and a foundation laid for lasting heavi-
!8B of heart, for sorrow and sadness.
In the women's meeting he encouraged to
ithfulness, and not to be looking out for ex-
ses, such as " wo are the weaker vessel, our
ethren are stronger than we, let them be
ling." He expressed his belief that the
Iters standing in their allotment would
nd to set up and exalt the standard higher
an it would be by the vigilance of the men
one without the sisters' aid. This aid thej'
Duld be enabled to afford, if they were but
ithful and did not despise the day of small
ings. He exhorted them not to neglect or
spise a little gift, but with careful attention
deavor to do each one her duty.
"2l8t. First-day. The people assembled at
cob Crouk's house. A large upper room was
"Irnished, the best I have seen in a private
luse in all my travels, but rather too small
1" those who attended. I thought we were
jeciously favored together. Some were ten-
ired. At the close of the meeting I met with
religious young woman that appeared rather
ly. On giving her ray hand, she pressed it,
"It was too much affected to speak, the tears
fwing freely.
23d. Had a meeting at Jonathan Bower-
Un's, the largest we have had in Canada.
if mind soon became exercised. I said the
'tigent hand maketh rich. This is true in
1 ation to temporals and spirituals. In out-
ward things, those who begin the world with
their hands, if they are not diligent, we do
not see them come into the possession of much;
nor do we see people advance far in religious
experience without a close application, for
when we begin a religious course, we begin
with a little, and if we advance we must be
industrious. Going on with soft though mov-
ing language, I believe it was a meeting to
profit to manj'. I was thankful for the favor.
2.5th. A meeting was held at Samuel How's
house. A considerable number came, and I
thought we were divinely favored. I sat in
silence near an hour, feeling my mind en-
eatred in solemn, silent adoration. O the pre-
-11.
ciousness ot the enjoyment that some poor
feeble ones do partake of, and that the world
knows not of, but it; is revealed to these poor,
these little ones, even so, Father, for so it
seemed good in thy sight. After being thus
silently engaged, 1 found it to arise in my
mind, and said. In your patience possess ye
your souls. Patiently wait and quietly hope
for the salvation of God, and come to feel the
owning of His love, a foretaste of heavenly
joy, to strengthen and encourage to hold on
the way ; for the}- that wait on the Lord shall
renew their strength. Many have come near
to the enjoyment of precious favor, but for
want of more faithfulness have not entered
into rest, have not known their strength re-
newed, the_ blessing has not been received.
Oh the engagement I felt to labor to interest
the people in their own welfare. I hope it
will not be lost, and that this day's labor will
be remembered to the honor and praise of the
great Preserver of men. May the glory be
ascribed to Him, and the creature remain in
watchful humility, as at the King's gate, so
that the King Immortal may be pleased to
renew His favors again !
12th mo. 1st. A small meeting at Uxhridge.
It was dull and trying. After I believed it
would be my lot to bear testimony, I waited
for clearness, and at length said. Brethren,
my heart's desire and prayer to God for Israel
is, that they might be saved — and not only
saved from the vanity and folly of this world,
but from attempting to serve the living God
with dead works. I was led to treat of the
duty of serving God with a living concern,
not formally, not carelessly. O beware of in-
difference. In the conclusion I endeavored
to encourage a tried though sincere concern
that lived among them, as I believed. I felt
afraid that some, with whom I had been en-
gaged to labor closely, might reject that and
lake this, I therefore added that some might
be willing to receive the encouragement who
were not willing to take the foregoing; and
those for whom it was designed, might think
themselves unworthy to receive it, — but oh
for the encouragement of the honest-hearted.
2d. We rode thirteen miles before we saw
another habitation. We came to Samuel
Lundy's, and dined near White Church, and
then passed into Queen Street. We are now
near David Wilson's, who dissented from
Friends some six years ago, and has made
much distitrbance among them. It is reported
he is guilty of great enormities, scandalous
and shameful. He has a meeting-house a short
distance from Friends', wliere ho preaches to
the jieoplc. Wc are now in the midst of them.
Oil Lord, preserve us and all thy tried chil-
dren !
3rd. We attended the meeting. I believe
there is a precious seed in this place, that is
designed to be dignified with Divine favor.
The fresh feelings of love were felt among us.
4th. We had an appointed meeting at
White Church. I found a concern to show
that the way to please God is to avoid that
which is otlensive to Him, and do that which
He requires. This leads to taking up the daily
cross and following the dear Redeemer. But
this is often avoided, and we give way to that
which is offensive to the Almightj', and here
a disposition is manifested of not much caring
whether He is pleased or not. I felt there
was an unwillingness to give up. My com-
panion mentioned something of brethren dwel-
ling together in unity or love. I soon followed
in a short testimonj- in regard to the excel-
lence of love, as being the most precious en-
joyment that dwells on the mind; but I had
to leave them, as I feared, too much at a dis-
tance from the excellent favor.
Oh, how would the Lord favor the children
of men, if they would obey Him. Thou know-
est, O Lord, how thou hast humbled me, hast
led me in ways that I had not known ; that I
have followed into many trj-ing places, that
I have said in secret. Who is there among all
thy servants of as little use as I am. Oh, thou
knowest how I have followed thco with sin-
cerity, unfeignedly to obey thy requirings,
but still how little do the children of men re-
gard thy invitations through me. Still I de-
sire to serve thee, but, O Lord, be pleased to
deliver me from ways of deviation, and from
those things too hard for me to be engaged
in. But thou knowest what is best for me,
and let thy will bo done.
I have not yet known why religion should
be so low in esteem hereaway. There seems
to bo great indifference in regard to this im-
portant concern. I have thought the most
likel}^ cause was, that the division before men-
tioned is degrading to vital religion, and to
make open profession appears to be mean and
contemptible in the ej-es of the people, and
their minds seem to be discouragid ; while
those who are in the separation are involved
in great absurdities of conduct and practice.
How have I secretly mourned on account of
this declension! How have I lamented the
sad estate of some who have been unhappily
seduced and drawn into defilement and pollu-
tion! Oh, sad blindness and infatuation!
6th. Henry Widdifield got a sleigh to carry
us to Young Street Meeting, about four miles.
On sitting down, exercise of mind attended.
At length 1 said. It affords some consolation
226
THE FRIEND.
to believe that we maybe saved with an ever-
lasting salvation ; but to attain a state of un-
shaken belief, that if we continue faithful we
shall be admitted into the mansions of rest
and peace, is more than a belief that we may
be saved. There is an attainment still further,
■which is [the conviction] that neither heights
nor depths, principalities nor powers, things
present nor to come, shall ever be able to
separate us from the love of God in Christ
Jesus, our Lord. Some were visited in mercy,
but not yielding to the Divine requiring had
reglected to obey in the day of visitation ;
and if it had been renewed, have refused to
yield, though they have felt the love of God,
and known that He loved them before they
loved Him. After awhile such become easy,
and heavenly love ceases to be revived, and
they are left to themselves.
In this meeting I thought Truth came more
into dominion than in any we have lately
had."
As the day was stormy, and many were not
at the meeting on account of the inclemency
of the weather, J. H. consented that another
should be appointed at the same place the
following day. This proved to be large and
favored. In it he was concerned to caution
against mere formality, and to press the
necessity of sincerity in our efforts to serve
and woi'ship the Almighty.
CTo be continned.)
For "The Friend."
Animal Cliaracter.
The following extracts are taken from a
work entitled Chapters on Animals, by P. G.
Hamerton, and, it is believed, will prove ac-
ceptable to those who are interested in the
lower orders of creation, and regard them as
worthy of observation, independently of their
usefulness to man.
" The sportsman thinks that if an animal is
not either good to hunt or be hunled, does
not play the part either of hound or hare,
there can be no sufficient reason against its
total extermination. So the agriculturist has
his way of considering animals, with his two
categories — the beasts that can work for him
and the beasts that can be sold to the butcher.
But there is another wsy besides these, that
of the observer who studies the animal from
some kind of interest in nature without refer-
ence to anything that it can do for him or
produce for him. The selfish pre-occupation
always hinders us from observing in the best
and largest sense. I have seen men who had
not the least insight into the characters of
their own horses or their own dogs. It grates
very unpleasantly on the feelings of any true
lover of animals to see them treated as beings
without any individuality of mental constitu-
tion. There are people to whom a horse is a
horse, just as a penny postage-stamp is a
penny postage-stamp; that is, a thing which
will convey a certain weight for a certain re-
gulated distance. But any one who knows
animals knows that a horse has as much in-
dividuality as a man. And the more we know,
even of inferior animals, the more distinct
does their individuality become for us. It is
only our ignorance and our indifference which
confound them. The two bay horses in your
carriage look exactly alike to the people in
the street, but the coachman and groom could
establish contrasts and comparisons after the
manner of Plutarch. With the varieties of
canine character we are all of us tolerably
familiar, because our dogs are more with us,
happily for us and for them. Yet how diffi-
cult it is to arrive at any tnie conception of
the mind of a lower animal! The truth is,
that animals are both more intelligent and
less intelligent than we fancy. A dog, and
even a horse, notices a good deal that we little
suspect him of noticing, but at the same time
a great deal which we think he sees is per-
fectly invisible to him. The following account
of the behavior of a cow gives a glimpse of
the real nature of the animal! —
" ' These long-tailed cows,' say Messrs. Hue
and Gabet, ' are so restive and difficult to milk,
that, to keep them at all quiet, the herdsman
has to give them a calf to lick meanwhile.
But for this device, not a single drop of milk
could be obtained from them. One day a
Lama herdsman, who lived in the same house
with ourselves, came, with a long dismal face,
to announce that his cow had calved during
the night, and that, unfortunately, the calf
was dying. It died in the course of the daj'.
The Lama forthwith skinned the poor beast,
and stuffed it with hay. This proceeding sur-
prised us at fir^t, for the Lama had by no
means the air of a man likely to give himself
the luxury of a cabinet of natural history.
When the operation was completed we found
that the hay-calf had neither feet nor head ;
whereupon it occurred to us that, after all, it
was perhaps a pillow that the Lama contem-
plated. We were in error ; but the error was
not dissipated till the next morning, when
our herdsman went to milk his cow. Seeing
him issue forth, the pail in. one hand and the
hay-calf under the other arm, the fancy oc-
curred to us to follow him. His first proceed-
ing was to put the hay-calf down before the
cow. He then turned to milk the cow herself
The mamma at first opened enormous eyes at
her beloved infant ; by degrees she stooped
her head towards it, then smelt at it, sneezed
three or four times, and at last proceeded to
lick it with the most delightful tenderness.
This spectacle grated against our sensibilities;
it seemed to us that he who first invented this
parody upon one of the most touching inci-
dents in nature must have been a man with-
out a heart. A somewhat burlesque circum-
stance occurred one day to modify the indig-
nation with which this treachery inspired us.
By dint of caressing and licking her little
calf, the tender parent one fine morning un-
ripped it ; the hay issued from within, and the
cow, manifesting not the slightest surprise nor
agitation, proceeded tranquilly to devour the
unexjjected provender.'
" The last touch entirely paints the brute.
She has recognised her offspring by the smell
chiefly, and never having heard of anatomy
is not surprised when the internal organs are
found to consist simply of hay. And why not
oat the hay ? The absence of surprise at the
discovery, the immediateness of the decision
to eat the hay, are perfectly natural in a cow,
and if they surprise us it is only because we
do not fully realise the state of the bovine
mind. If we reflect, however, we must per-
ceive that a cow can be aware of no reason
why calves should not be constructed inter-
nally of hay. On the other hand, the bovine
.mind cannot be wanting in its own kind of
intelligence, for oxen know their masters, and
when in harness are remarkable for a very
accurate and delicate kind of obedience; in-
deed the horse is light-headed and careless in
comparison with them." '
" None of us can imagine the feelings oi
tiger when his jaws are bathed in blood ;i
he tears the quivering flesh. The passion
the great flesh-eater is as completely uuknc
to civilised men, as the passion of the poti
to the tiger in the jungle. It is far more tl.
merely a good appetite, it is an intense enic
tion. A quite faint and pale shadow of it stil
remains in men with an ardent enthusiasn
tor the chase, who feel a joy in slaughter, bu
this to the tiger's passion is as water to whisky
This impossibility of knowing the real sensa
tions of animals — and the sensations are th
life — stands like an inaccessible and immov
able rock right in the pathway of our studiee
The effort of dramatic power necessary t(
imagine the life of another person is very cod
siderable, and few minds are capable of it, bn
it is much easier to imagine the sensations o
a farmer than those of his horse. The mail
difficulty in conceiving the mental states o
animals is, that the moment we think of then
as human we are lost. Neither are they ma
chines pushed by irresistible instincts. /
human being as ignorant as a horse would b
an idiot, and act with an idiot's lack of sens,
and incapacity for sequence. But the hors
is not an idiot, he has a mind at once quit
clear and sane, and is very observant in hi
own way. Most domestic animals are
keenly alive to their own intei'ests as a mai
of business. They can make bargains, am
slick to them, and make you stick to then
also. I have a little mare who used to requir
six men to catch her in the pasture, but
carried corn to her for a long time withou
trying to take her, leaving the corn on th
ground. Next, I induced her to eat the con
whilst I held it, still leaving her free. Finall;
I persuaded her to follow me, and now sh
will come trotting half-a-mile at my whistk
leaping ditches, fording brooks, in the dark
ness and rain, or in impenetrable fog. Sh
follows me like a dog to the stable, and I ad
minister the corn there. But it is a bargain
she knowingly sells her liberty for the corn
The experiment of reducing the reward hav
ing been tried to test her behavior, she ceasec.
to obey -the whistle and resumed her forme
habits; but the full and due quantity havinj
been restored she yielded her liberty agaii
without resistance, and since then she is no
to be cheated. On the other hand, she is ver
ignorant of much that a man of equal shrewd
ness would easily have picked up by the us^
of language. In our estimates of anima
character we always commit one of two mis
takes,— either wo conclude that the beast
have great knowledge because they seem si
clever, or else wo fancy that they must b
stupid because we have ascertained that thei
are ignorant; so that, on the one hand, W'
constantly see animals severelj^ punished fo
not having known what they could only hav
learned through human language, and, on th
other hand, we find men very frequently un
derrating the wonderful natural intelligenC'
of the brute creation, and treating animal
without the least consideration for their feel
ings, which are often highly sensitive."
" It seems to me, that notwithstanding tb
insuperable difficulties which hinder us fron
a perfect comprehension of the brute naturt
in any of its forms, we may still, by carefa
observation and reflection, aided by a kindlj
sympathj^ and indulgence, arrive at notioni
about animal life not altogether without in
terest. Let us always try to bear in mittt
THE FRIEND.
227
ose great necessities which are irresistibly
elt bj' animals as a consequence of their
pecial organization, and preserve ourselves
rem the error of approving or blaming thera
ecording to human standards. When a tiger
ats a man, the act is not more blameable than
he act of a man who opens and eats an oyster.
V^c have the most absurd prejudices on this
ubject, which have taken root in infancy and
ot been disturbed b}' maturer reflection after-
wards. Wolves and falcons seem cruel be
ause their prey is rather large, but the little
DSect-eating birds are our pets, and cats are
oorally esteemed for catching mice."
Last Words of Sir James Mackintosh. — The
ollowing account of the last illness and death
f this eminent man is given in the ''Life of
r J. Mackintosh," by his son : " On Monday,
lay 22d, he was finally taken ill. During
uesday, Wednesday, and part of Thursday,
nr dear father knew those around him, and
ccasionally spoke to each of us in a way that
roved he did ; and even up to Saturday, the
ay he ceased to speak at all, there was a
raciousncss in his manner, when his medical
piends approached his bedside, that affected
le very much — ho smiled so benignantly on
hem — did what they required of him so wil-
ngly, and once or twice expressed pleasure
seeing thera, with such animation, and in
tone and manner so unusual with him.
here was in all this no anxiety about himself
iaible; no eagerness for their help was ex-
ressed ; it was as hm friends that he seemed
lad to see them. It was some mitigation of
ur sufferings during the succeeding days,
bat he appeared to be free from pain of an}'
ind. Indeed, no word escaped from him by
hich we could have learned that any thing
as the matter with him.
At the same time that he seemed so uncon-
erned about his body, the activity of his mind
as truly amazing. Though all his ideas
rere in confusion, he poured out his accurate
xpressions of deep thought upon the many
ibjects that had been the study of his life
ith an energy, and in a tone and manner
jat reminded us of former years, and was so
eculiar to him when in health and vigor
[e had a look of deep thoughtfulness, spoke
ith a powerful voice, weighed his words, and
)metimes stopped, not satisfied with a word
e had used, and he did not go on until he
mnd the one which pleased him. He watched
s as we moved about him, but he continued
Uking ; and if he asked a question, he waited
)r an answer. At one time he suddenly slop-
ed and said, 'What is the name of that man
ho writes upon decrees and upon election?'
Tone of us could satisfy him; and after re-
eating his question, he paused some time,
Qd then added with a 8a\ile, ' He cannot
■ighten me now.'
On Saturday a great change took place ; he
jeame very silent, and had the appearance
Tone listening; the intelligence of his coun-
snance did not diminish, it only changed its
laracter; a look of peace and dignity was
lingled with it, such as I had never witnessed
that dear face before. Whenever a word
'om the Scriptures was repeated to him. he
ways manifested that he heard it ; and I es-
ecially observed that, at every mention of
le name of Jesus Christ, if his eyes were
osed, he always opened them, and looked at
le person who had spoken. I said to him at
le time, ' Jesus Christ loves you ;' he answer-
ed slowly, and pausing between each word,
Jesus Christ — love — the same thing.' lie
uttered these last words with a most sweet
smile. After a long silence he said, ' I believe'
We said, in a voice of inquiry, 'In God?' He
answered, ' In Jesus.' He spoke but once
more after this. Upon our inquiry how he
felt, he said he was ' happy.'
From that time to Wednesday morning
when he breathed his last, we waited upon
him and watched beside him, but he took no
more notice of us, and judging by his unruffled
brow, his calm though increasingly serious
and solemn countenance, he willingly yielded
up his spirit into the hands of Him whom he
had proved to be indeed a most faithful
Creator."
Mackintosh died in 1S32, at the age of 67.
A Sunbeam. — The greatest of physical para-
doxes is the sunbeam. It is the most potent
and versatile force we have, and yet it be-
haves itself like the gentlest and most accom-
modating. Nothing can fall more softly or
more silently upon the earth than the rays of
our great luminary — not even the feathery
flakes of snow which thread their way through
the atmosphere as if they were too filmy to
yield to the demands of gravity like grosser
things. The most delicate slip of gold leaf,
exposed as a target to the sun's shafts, is not
stirred to the extent of a hair, though an in-
fant's faintest breath would set it in tremu-
lous motion. The tenderest of human organs
— the apple of the eye — though pierced and
buffeted each day by thousands of sunbeams,
suffers no pain during the process, but rejoices
in their sweetness, blesses the useful light.
Yet a few of those I'ays insinuating themselves
into a mass of iron, like the Britannia Tubular
Bridge, will compel the closely-knit particles
to separate, and will move the whole enor-
mous fabric with as much ease as a giant
would a straw. The play of these beams
upon our sheets of water lifts up layer after
layer into the atmosphere, and hoists whole
rivers from their beds, only to drop them
again in snows upon the hills or in fattening
showers upon the plants. Let but the air
drink in a little more sunshine at one place
than another, and it desolates a whole region.
The marvel is that a power which is capable
of assuming such a diversity of forms, and of
producing such stupendous results, should
come to us so gentle, so peaceful, and in so
unpretentious a manner. — British Quarterly
Review.
The Si~e of Whales. — Capt. Scoresby, a very
high authority on this subject, declares that
the common whale seldom exceeds seventy
feet in length, and is much more frequently
under sixty. Out of three hundred and twenty-
two whales which he assisted in capturing, not
one exceeded fifty-eight feet, and the largest
of which he knevv the reported measurement
to be authentic came up to sixty-seven feet.
Two specimens of the razor-back whale have
been observed to be one hundred and five feet
in length. Other specimens have measured
a hundred, and many others from eighty to
ninety feet. One cast on shore at North Ber-
wick, Scotland, and preserved by Dr. Knox,
was eighty-three feet in length. 'The skeleton
of one found in the Columbia river, belonged
to a whale which when alive probably mea-
sured one hundred and twelve feet.
E.rtract from the Diary of Samuel Scott. —
Seventh nionih 30lh, 1780. Pretty early at
the Park Meeting, a degree of solemnity
clothed my mind, not without some presenta-
tions for a public ministry, which, on proving,
appeared immature. How suitably adapted
are the following precepts, not only to me,
but to all who at any time appear in the min-
istry. " Be more ready to hear than to of^er
the sacrifice of fools." " Bo not rash with thy
mouth to utter anj- thing before God." And
when thou speakest, " let thy words be few."
" Bo slow to s]H'ak."
Eighth month Ist. In the week-day meet-
ing at Horsleydown, something opened by
way of ministry ; but waiting under the open-
ing, silence seemed most advisable ; and after
long sitting, the meeting closed lively. I had
rather refrain from speaking, when perhaps
I might have spoken with a degree of profit,
than at anj- time to speak unprofitably. There
are, comparatively speaking, but few ministers
left amongst us; yet frequently many words
are uttered.
[May not the restraint vouchsafed to our
departed Friend be an instructive caution at
the present day?]
• >
Peanut Oil. — The production of peanuts in
this country has increased wonderfully during
the past ten or twelve years. In this city
alone over GOO.OOO bushels are annually sold,
while the entire crop of the country reaches
three times that quantity, or about 2,000,000
bushels, valued at 83,000,000. Previous to
the year 1860, according to the agricultural
report, the total product of the United States
did not amount to more than 150,000 bushels,
of which North Carolina furnished 125,000
bushels. The great portion of the crop now
is raised in Virginia, North Carolina, Ten-
nessee, Georgia and South Carolina.
As an article of food they arc valuable, but
their importance in a commercial point of
view is much greater on account of the oil
thej' contain. The oil is in large demand,
and serves every purpose for which olive or
almond oil is used. It is now being exten-
sively used in place of olive oil, particularly
for table use, it being quite as good, and keeps
a long time without becoming rancid. The
amount of oil contained in the nut varies ac-
cording to latitude and other favorable cir-
cumstances or conditions, and is proportion-
ately large.
All the oil comes from the "meat," the husk
being of no value. The oil is extracted by
pressure, and the pressed cake is not thrown
away, but is used both as food for cattio and
as a manure. Most of the oil used in Europe
is manufactured in the countries of the Medi-
terranean, the French depending principally
upon Algiers, where the plantflourishes great-
ly, for their supply. The production of pea-
nut oil in this country dates back to the war,
when it was used to a large extent for table
purposes in the south, the olive oil not being
easilj' obtained. It was used quite generally
as a substitute for lard. The cake residuum
was made serviceable, too ; after being i-oasted
and ground, it was used in place of coffee and
chocolate, making an excellent beverage. —
Late Paper.
*-♦
The Church. — As to the state of the church,
I cannot say much ; I think she is going into
the wilderness, to the place her Husliand hath
prepared for her there; she is seldom visible
228
THE FRIEND.
about the dwellings of her nominal prof essors ;
many make use of'herntimeforfraudulent pur-
poses and lucrative views, the filthy lucre of
pre-eminence. I know them by this mark —
they aspire to be great, and not by becoming
little, and the servants of all, patient toward
all men. Thej' say they are zealous, some
think them so, but where the eye is not single,
no zeal can be there that is of the right sort.
Samuel Fothergill, 1759.
PRODIGALS.
Again, in the Book of books, to-day
I read of that Prodigal, far away
In the centuries agone,
Who took the portion that to him fell.
And went from friends and home to dwell
In a distant land alone.
And when his riotous living was done,
And his course of foolisli pleasure run.
And a fearful famine rose,
He fain would have fed with the very swine.
And no man gave him bread or wine,
For his friends were changed to foes.
And I thought, when at last his state he knew
What a little thing he had to do,
To win again his place :
Only the madness of sin to learn.
To come to himself, repent, and turn,
And seek his Father's face.
Then I thought however vile we are,
Not one of us hath strayed so far
From the things that are good and pure.
But if to gain his home he tried
He would find the portal open wide.
And find his welcome sure.
My fellow-sinners, though you dwell
In haunts where the feet take hold on hell,
^^'here the downward way is plain ;
Think, who is waiting for you at home,
Eepent, and come to yourself, and come
To your Father's house again I
Say, out of the depths of humility,
" I have lost the claim of a child on Thee,
I would serve Thee with the least 1"
And He will a royal robe prepare,
He will call you son, and call you heir ;
And seat you at the feast.
Yea, fellow-sinner, rise to-day.
And run till He meets you on the way.
Till you hear the glad words said, —
"Let joy through all the heavens resound
For this, my son, who was lost is found.
And he lives, who once was dead."
Phebe Cary.
•9 »
Selected.
OLD AGE AND DEATH.
The seas are quiet when the winds give o'er:
So calm are we when passions are no more.
For then we know how vain it was to boast
Of fleeting things too certain to be lost.
Clouds of affection from our younger eyes
Conceal that emptiness which age descries ;
The soul's dark cottage, batter'd and decay'd,
Lets in new light through chinks that time has made;
Stronger by weakness, wiser, men become
As they draw near to their eternal home:
Leaving the old, both worlds at once they view
That stand upon the threshold of the new.
— Waller.
Eggs of Beptiles. — I here tasted the eggs of
the Iguana, of which the Indians had found
great numbers, as this was the season for lay-
ing ; in flavor they are not unlike ducks' eggs :
two or three dozen were generally found to-
gether. The iguana, alligator and fresh-water
turtle, all lay ihcir eggs at this period, and
bury them (much in the same manner) in the
dry sand on the river's banks ; but I was never
able to conquer my aversion sufficiently to
taste those of the alligator. The eggs are
very artfully concealed, but the natives are
equally clever at discovering them. "When,
from the appearance of the sand, they imagine
it has been disturbed, they cut a long, slight
wand, and thrust it down a considerable depth;
should the point, when withdrawn, have some
moist particles adhering to it, they examine
and smell them, and, having come to a satis-
factory conclusion, immediately turn up the
sand until they find the eggs; as the shell is
exceedingly hard, they are thrown into a heap,
and then taken down to the canoe. In the
latter portion of our journey, we often stop-
ped for this purpose, wherever the quick ej-es
of the Indians discerned a favorable spot. —
Wickham's Journey in Central America.
For "The Friend."
Memoirs and Letters of Sarah Eillman.
tContinued from page 21S.)
To her Moiher.
"Potts Town, 6th mo. 14th, 1834.
My dear Mother, — We* reached here last
evening about 7 o'clock, as well as could be
expected ; and were favored with as much
strength as was needful to bear the journey,
S. P. kindly received us and made every thing
as comfortable for us as she could, as did f.
M. Though we have not many incidents of
interest to note, it does seem pleasant to say
to you we are here.
I do feel, deeply feel the awful embassy,
and nothing but simjjle faith in the blessed
Shepherd, and reliance upon His almighty
power, can sustain any of us. May your
prayers be daily put up for us, and may the
Lord keep you and us, every moment that we
may be permitted to enjoy a precious, peace-
ful meeting when the time comes, and have
to commemorate the mercy which has been
extended unto us, poor and unworthy as we
re.
In tender aflFection your daughter and sister,
Sarah Hillman.
To the same.
Muncy, 6th mo. 21st, 1834,
My dear Mother, — Closely engaged as we
are in this arduous and awful service, there is
ittle time for writing. It is now 9 o'clock,
and we have but just done tea. We rode to-
day 20 miles, and' visited three families; the
two preceding days thirteen families. So thou
may see, poor and feeble as we are and feel,
the great Shepherd does help us with a little
help ; and I can in deep humility acknowledge.
He has been mouth and wisdom, tongue and
utterance, yea sustained thus far, and opened
a way for us, where there seemed to be none.
May praise be on our lips, and in our hearts,
for past mercies so unmerited; and humble
hope and trust and reliance, increased in the
divine Almighty Arm, until on the other side
Jordan, one unending song shall be raised
unto Him who hath redeemed our souls out
of all trouble, and hath granted an entrance
into the Kingdom of Heaven. 'Tis truly a
fearful thing to declare the whole counsel to
such as feel no need of salvation, and who
seem to know not that they are sick. While
there are here, who do love and fear, and de-
sire to serve the Lord with the very best of
the first fruits of their increase; and also a
precious company of dear j'oung people, who
are asking the way to Zion, with their faces
* She had for companions, Regina Shober and Charles
Allen, as will more fully appear in the sequel of this
visit,
set thither, to whom it is sweet to have thi
few crumbs, which may be given for them, ft
the same time there are others cold and har<
and indifferent, who have never suffered thr
gospel plough to break up their fallow ground
and to whom it seems like hard labor indeed
to utter any word; yet it does not belong U
the servant to choose his work, but to di
cheerfully whatsoever the Master bids; ant
thus being faithful, he receives his pay as h^
goes, however small it may be; if no morn
than his life for a prey, it is worth sufferinj.
much to gain ; for as obedience keeps paC'
with the knowledge received, at the end o
the race it is the eternal crown.
Our dear friends here are very kind, and si
mercifully has our kind, compassionate Sai
viour condescended to assure us that we ani
in our right places, that we dare not ' loci
back ;' but feel bound, ' though faint,' to ' put
sue' the 'things that make for peace, ant
things whereb}' one may edify another.' Oh
if all that I have endured before I was mad.
willing to give up to unfold this prospect, ani;
all that in coming and suffering accordin;
to my small measure since, be a means c
thoroughly breaking down and moulding ra;
will to the will of my Heavenly Father,-
making me wholly His, and fully given up t
fulfil that part of the ministry of reeoncilia,
tion, which I humbly believe He has comi
mitted to my trust, — I pray that this end ma.i
be effected, and that the cup may be drun:
even to the dregs.
As to our return, it seems likely we sha'.!
be kept longer than we anticipated. Ther
are many more Friends hereaway than wi
expected, including a large number of youn^ ;
people, evidently under the superintendenc,
of that blessed Heavenly Shepherd, who lai,
down His precious life for the sheep ; an.
whose watchful, compassionate eye sees a
His habitable earth. He visits, and waters;
and keeps every moment, and I believe ha(
preserved to himself a seed here, however olj c
scure their situation and hidden from mortali) :
who are under his special care, and shall by . |
accounted unto Him for a generation. Th
feet of the messengers will, I believe, be turne
thither more than has been the ease; an,
perhaps in a day to come, we may have i I
Quarterly Meeting added to our Yearly Mee''
ing among these mountains.
* * * You all feel dear; but I mustleavi ..
you now to the care of the Great Shephero :
and cleave closer and closer to Him, mi::!
Heavenly Leader, in simple dependence ; d() :-
ing all the little I can, as He calls for the sanv;
rifice ; hoping and believing as I do, that al :-
will help to make the way to the kingdom (jii
Heaven. How sweet is tlie verse, 'The moif .;•
we toil and suffer here, the sweeter rest wij r,
be r Our blessed and Holy Redeemer set vl':
an example, that we shoukl follow his stepsht-.
and His was no life of ease, but a cross-bearinAi:
life, — a life attended with many tribulation) :,
and all the trials attendant upon poor hij-;
manity, in order that be might feel for mi ■
poor dust and ashes as we are ; and moreove): t
has become our adorable High Priest, an! -
Advocate with the Father, and who has an
does, and ever will, I believe, help his po(
children who trust in Him. He has, I ma
say to the praise of His grace, helped me, an
oh I that day by daj- I ma.y feel a little p
newal of strength out of Zion's hill ! That s
my return may be with peace. Not that
am looking for great things, but only to b
THE FRIEND.
229
ind of Him in peace at the last, when be
ikes up His jewels — even seiiled liis forever.
Tours in the nearest affection. Farewell.
ly the Lord's blessing be upon you."
In the preceding letter, accompanied by the
alifying language '' perJuips in a day to
me," &c. our dear friend gives room for her
Q to portra}" one of those prophetical visions
lich the Most High does at times give unto
8 humble, dependent, watchful children.
t to their being verified, the unalterable
iditions must on our part be observed : viz.
Che [Lord is with you while j-e be with
n." " Praw nigh to God, and He will draw
jh to you." " Walk worthy of the vocation
lerewith ye are called — walk worthy of
d, who hath called j^ou unto liis kingdom
d glory." " For we arc made partakers of
irist, if we hold fast the beginning of our
ifidence steadfast unto the end." It is
thfulness herein that draws down Divine
)8siDgs, yea, that opens the windows of
aven to the pouring out tokens of Heavenlj'
70r towards any people. Humility, and
ntrition, and dedication of heart to the
)rd, will now as ever cause such to bud and
)SSom as the rose ; to take root downward
d bear fruit upward, to the praise of the
■eat Husbandman ; so to abide as living
anches in a living vine, as to bring forth
lit to the praise of His ever excellent name,
hile every opposite, lukewarm, or hostile
urse, must end in dwartishncss and unfruit-
ness, in sorrow, and emptiness and bitter-
SB of spirit. It is in knowing the life of
irist inwardly revealed ! It is in bowing
lolly to His yoke, and learning of Him 1 It
the submission of the heart, and allowing
e government thereof to be upon the shoul-
r of the Prince of Peace whose blood was
d for us, that we can realize Him to set up
s kingdom and reign over all within us
to our becoming, after the testimony of the
Dostles, new creatures in Him. " If any
an be in Christ, he is a new creature ; old
ings are passed away ; behold all things are
come new."
To her Mother.
" Muncy, 7th mo. 1st, 1S34.
;My precious Mother, — Heart and flesh
TOugh mercy, at seasons a little revived,
aen almost ready to fail; so deep are the
lals we have to pass through here in many
ices. We have paid thirty-two visits, in-
tiding the Elklands. Dear friend Ellis is
ily like a mother to us, exceeding kind and
'ectionate.
Truly my heart is at this moment so un-
.alified for writing, you must excuse me ;
e prospect of the meeting bears down my
irit. Were it not that I do believe in the
omise which was in great mercy sweetlj-
'plied to my heart before I left home, ' My
ace is sufficient for thee:' I should sometimes
ik ; but it has been verified at seasons to
y humbling admiration. It remains also
be true that there is fullness in emptiness ;
d when the poor soul is ready to conclude
. over, the blessed Master, who sustained
is poor disciples, and spoke peace to the
jnbled ocean, is found to be all in all. Oh,
at we may each know Him to be made
ito us, 'wisdom and righteousness, sanctifi-
m and complete redemption !' And this I
lieve we shall realize, if we hold fast the
'ginning of our confidence steadfast to the
I d.
May the Lord in mercy keep on the right
hand and on the left, guide us by his counsel
through the intricate mazes of this world that
lieth in wickedness, and when our poor pain-
ful pilgrimage on earth shall be ended, grant
us an admission into that glorious, holy city
not made with hands, where the redeemed are
now sui-rounding the throne singing Hallelu-
jah's to Him who liveth and was dead, and
has the keys of death, hell and the grave, saj-s
and prays your ever ti'uly attached, ever
affectionate daughter and sister.
Sar.vh Hii.lman.
(To bo continued.)
A Japayiese Paper Mill. — On the other side
of the house from the garden, in the large
_yard, sat a dozen bo^ys and girls on their heels,
with a pile of twigs and boughs of the paper-
mulberry tree (Broussonetia papyrifera) from
which the great bulk of Japanese paper is
made, and with which the hill and mountain-
sides of the village were covered. The paper-
mulberry grows to be from six to eight feet
high. The boughs, after being cut, are dried
and then macerated in water, until the outer
green bark can be stripped from the inner
white membrane. Engaged in this latter
work, under a series of sheds, and bending
over a stream of slowly-running water, were
several dozen girls and women, who, by alter-
nate picking and washing, separated the dark
and brittle outer bark from the white elastic
strips of inner membrane. Much time and
patience were required to do this completely,
and then the bundles of limp white strips
were boiled until soft in a lye made from the
ashes of rice straw. We next passed into a
room where the boiled and softened bark was
brought to two muscular fellows, who were
dressed only in their loin-cloths, and who sat
before large flat stones. With heavy wooden
clubs they beat the bark nearly to a pulp. In
another room was a man grinding boiled rice
and a girl mixing it with a decoction of bark
from another tree, something like slippery-
elm, until a shiny, glutinous mixture, evi-
dently intended as a size, was prepared. This
size and the mass just taken from the beaters
were thrown into the pulp-vat, which was
about four feet long, three wide, and two high.
At each of these vats, on the most common
.seat in Japan — the heels or ankles — sat a girl
vigorously stirring the pulp, using a single
bamboo stick for an agitator. When she
judged it to be of the proper consistency, she
took a square piece of fine matting, made of
parallel bbres of bamboo, set in a light square
frame of wood, on which folded a '' fly" like
that of a printing press. The closeness of the
bamboo fibres answered the purpose of our
wire-frames. Dipping this by a sliding mo-
tion into the vat, she draws up a sheet of the
pulp, and after waiting for it to drain, during,
which time her nimble fingers picked out
any impurities or lumps, she throws back
the fly, which is furnished with a raised edge,
and spreads the sheet on the pile beside her.
A dexterous girl can dip up about four hun-
ered and fifty sheets per day.
The next process is to dry the sheets. For
this purpose they are spread out flat and firm
on upright boards, slanted in the sun, so that
they dry with little shrinkage, hard and flat.
In wet weather, or when business is pressing,
the drying-boards are transferred to a room
in which a hot charcoal fire is kept burning.
The pressing of the paper is done by an oi'-
dinary wedge or lever press, and a finisliing
gloss is put on, in very much the same man-
ner as leather is polished or ironed in our
country.
All this would be insufl'orably tedious to an
American manufacturer, and would not paj'
in a land of high wages, like ours. My host
listened with mingled delight, and with tho
penumbra of a doubt in his lace, to my descrip-
tion of the machines used on the Wissahickon,
at Cohoes, and at Bath. 1 made inquiries
concerning the wages paid to liis emjjlo^'es
per diem. Tho bark-pounders and di])per8
were paid eight tempos (cents) a day; tlio
strippers and washers six cents. From his
establishment, in which he employed forty
jiorsons in all, after paying wages, ex])enses
for fuel, transportation, taxes, etc., ho was
able to lay up yearly a handsome sum — that
is SIOOO. He was considered a rich mer-
chant.— Overland Monthly.
For "Tho Friend."
It is declared, that the Spirit of Truth, or
that Divine light shed abroad in every heart,
will, if heeded, lead out of all error, into all
truth; and we have ample Scripture grounds
for believing that the apostles and primitive
believers were made what they were through
its humbling, crucifying power; that there
cannot be a doubt they accepted and received
the doctrine of the spirituality of tho New
Dispensation, in all its fullness ; that the holy
manifestation of Life and Truth, Christ by
his Spirit, did live abundantly in their hearts,
a precious gift for their salvation. And are
we not safe in assuming wherever vital Chris-
tianity exists, the presence of this life will be
sensiblj' felt and acknowledged — that in pro-
portion as we turn our faces from it, whether
individually or in the gathered church, shall
we become spiritually lifeless, and formalism
will take the place of heartfelt religion.
" My peace I leave with you, my peace I
give unto you, not as the world giveth, give
I unto you."
This precious assurance of the Saviour of
men, must have awakened in the hearts of those
to whom it was addressed, an earnest desire
after holiness, and to be found worth}- of so
rich a blessing; and the constant zeal and de-
votion that marked the character of the early
churches; the purity to which they attained;
and their close spiritual communion with Him
their glorified Leader, is deeply instructive ;
as is evident from the several epistles of
Paul to tho Corinthians, the Ephesians, and
to other branches of the household of faith,
The child-like trust; simple obedience ; the
unwavering faith, and simplicity of life, that
distinguished Christianity at its dawn, and
brightened that memorable era, in which the
apostles and immediate followers of our Lord
were engaged in spreading a knowledge of
the Truth, furnishes much that we may pro-
fitably dwell upon, and an example worthy to
be followed in after ages. The record of their
constancy, and sufferings in its behalf; and
the labor into which they were called, in heal-
ing the souls and bodies of men, is a legacy
of inestimable value to us. But how sad it is
to remember that in the lapse of a compara-
tively brief period, the Light which had
glowed as a living flame, began to lose in the
hearts of many believers, its Divine signi-
ficance. There were those removed by death
who had been valiant for the Truth ; some in
a natural way, and others by the hands of
230
THE FRIEND.
cruel men. Others unwilling to bear the fierce
persecutions of that idolatrous age, shrunk
from the peril to which a faithful support of
the Truth exposed them, and renouncing their
former faith, walked no more as His followers.
There were then as in every period since,
many adverse influences existing to the growth
of vital religion ; the love of the world, its
honors, titles and riches ; the prizes held
forth to such as should through industry or
preferment, attain to power and influence;
the desire after popularity, the love of flat-
tery, and the glittering charm so often pre-
sented, of realizing, as many vainly imagine
they shall, the fullest measure of enjoyment
by the attainment of all those temporal ad-
vantages they have struggled for. These are
among the many entanglements that allure
the feet of the unwatchful, whereby the king-
dom of this world has been set up in the
hearts of men in this and former generations,
and His rule and peaceful authority denied.
"My kingdom is not of this world," and He
adds, " else would my servants fight ; by
which it is clear the weapons of th^ir war-
fare were not to be carnal, but his servants
were to be clothed from on High with wis-
dom and power, to the pulling down of the
strongholds of sin. He is the life and glory
of His own church, and it is toward Him
in fiiith we are to look for the upbuilding
of His cause, by the effectual working of His
preparing, qualifying power in each and every
heart. Thus it is any are enabled to wield
the sword of the Spirit; and having overcome
the house of Saul in their own souls, are there-
fore enabled to stand for the Truth ; to speak
of that of which their hands have handled,
and thus to invite others into the sheep-fold.
But is it not apparent, that the great body of
Christian professors, do not practicallj' come
up to that indwelling, cross-bearing character,
which is inseparable from the heart-changing
dispensations, and spiritual proving of the re-
ligion to which the early believers were called?
And it is remarkable, and worthy of serious
thoughtfulness, that after the beauty and
glory of the primitive church had passed
away ; having yielded to the lusts of the flesh,
and denied to the Spirit its prerogative to
rule, that a state followed comparable to mid-
night darkness in a moral and religious sense;
and that centuries should have elapsed, before
there was any clear dawning of the life and
vigor of primitive days. In the words of
Wm. Penn, during the long night of apostacy,
" a false church existed and exorcised author-
ity; and though she was lost to purity, she
would keep her good name of being the true
church, and mother of the faithful ; but in
deed and in truth she was mystery Babylon,
which with all her show and outside of re-
ligion, were adulterated and gone from the
Spirit, nature and life of Christ, and has be-
come vain, ambitious, cruel, &c. Then it was
the true church fled as into the wilderness,
from superstition and violence, to a retired
and solitary state; hidden, as it were out of
the sight of men, though in the world, and
known to Him, its life and Head;" and he goes
on to say, " many of her best children in seve-
ral nations, and in the course of centuries fell
by the cruelty of superstition, because they
would not fall from their faithfulness to the
truth." Of this long and gloomy period an
interesting summary is given by the same
valued author ; in which it is shown how en-
tirely the church, bearing the Christian name,
was perverted, and used to subjugate the
Spirit, and to bring all who were animated
and guided thereby under oppression. But
these were few, retired and feeble in their
efforts to bring the established church out of
the formalism into which it had lapsed. Arro-
gating to itself both spiritual and temf)oral
power, in the pride of its ambition, it became
unmindful of the true God. and forgetful of
its dependence. No longer did it represent
the mission with which it had been charged,
the conversion of the world, and the gather-
ing in of that vast family beyond, who were
in heathen darkness. With the precious testi-
mony of the Scriptures at its command, and
the valuable lesson of a most interesting his-
tory, embracing the Christian church in its
early purity, the example of the Saviour him
self, and His supporting power in cheering
on, and helping all His faithful children, the
so called church used its authority to quench
this Divine life wherever shown; pursuing
all who presumed to set up Christ as the
great and only Teacher, with bitter persecu^
tions and cruelty.
Professing Christianity, the church had be
come apostate ; separated from the Divine
harmony, and really idolatrous, worshipping
its own power, and every hurtful lust, and
hence was not in a state effectually to evan-
gelize others. The blood of those who thus
suffered and died, as fi-om one period to another
these were qualified to know the Divine will
as applicable to their own souls, did nourish
the seed of the true church, and by degrees
many were enabled to see clearly the prevail-
ing corruption, and to what an extent the
cause of truth and righteousness had been
prostituted in the name of religion. When
George Fox and others who became united to
him in his public and private labor, were called
to the work of the ministry, the world again
heard the glad tidings of the gospel pro-
claimed in its ancient potver and simplicity ;
and as they were guided in their preaching
by the same authority that had wrought
sanctification in their own hearts, the effects
were marvellously apparent in the awakening-
produced ; the hearts of thousands being ef-
fectually reached ; that it may be said they
were instrumental in reviving in the 17th
century in greater fullness, and more abun-
dant fruit, than is recorded of any other peo-
ple, the work in which the early believers la-
bored so zealously. They were chosen ves-
sels ; men and women appointed to plead for
the restoration of vital truth, and to open the
way in the midst of an arrogant, persecuting
church and people, for the incoming of His
spiritual kingdom and power. And, as they
stood steadfast, and in faithfulness observed
the discoveries of the Light which illumin-
ated them, because they did not reject it, but
received it with joy and thankfulness, as an
infallible Teacher ; their preservation in the
path of safety ; the spread of their principles ;
their growth in saving knowledge, and in the
Christian graces, were indeed remarkable; and
they became as a city set upon a hill — a living
testimony to the all sufficiency of that grace
which came by Christ. Truly they did not
follow any cunningly devised fable, for in them
was brought forth the peaceable fruits of
righteousness.
I have often earnestly desired, that we of
the present generation, their successors, and
in the possession of many external advan-
tages, the result of their abiding faith, labor
and suffering, might be enabled through
renewed extension of Divine favor, to ho!
up in the face of a backsliding world, tl
truth as they presented it, in undiminisb
brightness. We live in a day of great luk"
warmness, and there may be causes of def'
discouragement ; but I believe as we bow i
the dispensations laid upon us, and are mac
willing to give to the fire that which shou
be burned, we shall in due time be fitted ■
stand in our places.
Then shall we realize the truth of the pa
sage : " all thy children shall be taught of tl
Lord, and great shall be the peace of tb
children." P. B.
Philadelphia, 2d mo., 1874.
The Bermnda hlaods.
Within three days' travel from New Yorl'"
it is hardly possible to find so complete
change in government, climate, scenery, an'
vegetation as Bermuda offers. The voyaj'
may or may not be pleasant, but is sure to t'
short. The Gulf Stream, which one is oblige'
to cross, has on many natures a subduing e
feet, and the sight of land is not generall'
unwelcome. The delight is intensified by tb"
beauties which are spread out on every han('
The wonderful transparency of the water, tb'
numerous islands, making new pictures £*
every turn, the shifting lights on the hill'
the flowers, which almost hide houses thf*
peep out here and there from their bowers-
make up a scene as rare as it is beautiful. '
The general direction of the islands is froif
northeast to southwest. They are in th
latitude of Charleston, South Carolina, and tW
nearest point on the continent is Cape Haf
teras, five hundred and eighty miles distant
They are of calcareous formation, "due et
tirely," says Colonel Nelson, " to the actioi
of the wind in blowing up sand made by th
disintegration of coral reefs. They present
but one mass of animal remains in varionf
stages of comminution and disintegratior*
The varieties of rock are irregularly assc)
ciated, and without any order of superpos:'
tion. Nearly every shell now known in th'
surrounding sea may bo found in the rock'
quite perfect except in regard to color. Alonj'
the south shore are sand-hills which illustrat'
the formation of Bermuda. In one instanci'
a cottage had been submerged, trees to thi
height of several feet, and the sand has evei'
travelled up a hill one hundred and eight]'
feet high. Nine miles north of the islandi'
are four needle rocks, apparently the remnant!'
of former islands. They are about ten fee
above high-water mark, and vary from fou;'
to eight feet in diameter. They are of lime'
stone, and are stratified like the mainland.''
There are in all about one hundred island?
though it is usually stated that there are threi'
times as many. Not more than sixteen oi'
twenty are inhabited, and of these the five
largest are St. David's, St. George's, Bei'mudi
proper, sometimes styled the Continent, So
merset and Ireland. ' They are about fifteer
miles in length, and the greatest breadth if'
about five miles. There are no mountains,!
no rivers, and so, while they were withouf'
magnificence of scenery, in a quiet sort of
beauty they are unique.
There are about one hundred and fifty miles;
of good hard roads, which are generally free'
from dust. In many places deep cuttings
have been made, and the rock towers above the
carriage even. The scenery is exceedingly
THE FRIEND.
231
3iturosque, and changes continually. Now
f'n drive through wide stretches of country,
til the landscape bears a striking resem-
)iufc to that of New England ; then through
luiirow road, with high walls of rock on
I \.-r liand, on the sides of which the niaiden-
1 r • rn grows in profusion, and the road is
.,v. I !i(liug that every new view which bursts
,1 d Illy upon you is a surprise; and then
1 vv arc delightful glimpses of the sea, with
tmaiiy islands. Walls of stone extend along
1 iMudside, and over them clamber the
trniiigglory,the prickly-pear, and thenight-
KTmiiig cereus. Great beds of geraniums,
rich mock our hot-houses in their profusion,
; V,- '.vild.
Lr iL^es of oleander line the roads or border
livated patches of land, protecting them
n the high winds which at times sweep
r the islands. Thirteen varieties of it are
id here, and wherever you go it is one
is of pink and white blossoms. The lan-
a also grows wild along all the hedges.
) passion flower peeps out from its covert
rreeu leaves, creeping up the branches of
trees. The profusion of flowers is woii-
ful, and one can always have a bouquet for
gathering. The winter is the regal time
them. About Christmas the roses, magni-
nt in size, and of great variety, are all in
r glory. One gentleman assured me that
iad ujiwai'd of one hundred and fifty va-
ies. No great care seems to be taken to
ivato them. Here and there one sees a
garden, but nothing that even approaches
Lt might be accomplished with such a soil
climate.
Che beauty and variety of flowers are
Y equalled by the excellence and diversity
ruits. Oranges of superior quality are
ed, though their culture is not general.
lemon grows wild. The mango, guava,
aw, pomegranate, fig, arocada pear — whose
rs (for they can be called nothing else)
ime eloquent in its praise — the custard
ie, the banana — the lazy man's delight,
ing its wealth of fruit, and dj'ing as it
ds its single bunch, while the new plants
[Dging up about its dead stalk maintain
supply the year round — all these fruits
N readily, and with due effort would grow
adantly. Apples and pears are raised,
lack the flavor they possess with us.
Ghes, heretofore excellent, have been de-
yed for two years past by an insect. Straw-
ies ripen from November till July. Grapes
V luxuriantly.
he most common tree is the Bermudian
>r, with which nearly all the hill-sides are
ded. Occasionally one sees the moun-
palm, while tamarind, tamarisk, palmetto,
(E-nut, India rubber, mahogany, and cala-
,1 trees are quite common. In gardens
y West Indian trees are found. — Harper's
<azine.
Selected for "The Friend."
On Plainness of Apparel, &c.
he Lord taught me that men generally
too much on external performances, and
guarded my mind against thinking too
h of any thing outward. He opened my
jrstanding to behold my duty in regard
J utvvard plainness; that a plain, decent,
n not costly dress and way of living in all
li./s, was most agreeable to true Christian
r; ity and self-denial ; that rich, showy, or
aly dress, house, food, or furniture, fed and
fostered pride and ostentation, robbed the
poor, pleased the vain, and led into a great
deal of unnecessary care, toil and solicitud
to obtain the means of this way of life and
appearance ; that it could not atford anj' true
and solid satisfaction, but must unavoidably
divert the mind from inward, feeling watch-
fulness, retard the work of morlitication and
true self denial, and facilitate unprofitable as
soeiation and acquaintance with such as would
rather alienate the affections from God than
unite the soul to Him.
Thus instructed, I bowed in reverence; and
as it became from time to time necessary to
procure new clothing, I endeavored to con-
form my outward appearance in this respect
to the dictates of Truth, in which 1 found true
peace and satisfaction. Also he instructed me
to use the plain Scripture language, thou to
one, and you to more than one.
The cross greatly otl\}nded me in regard to
these things. This of language in particular,
looked so trifling and foolish to the worldly
wise part in me, and the fear of the ' world's
dread laugh' so powerfully opposed it, that it
was very hard and trj-ing to my natural will
to give up to this duty. 1 thought if ni}' right
hand would excuse my compliance, I would
gladly sacrifice it, or yield it up rather than
give up to use such a despised language, and
submit to be laughed at; as viewing religion
concerned in such things as these. This may
seem incredible to some, but it is true, and as
fresh with me as almost any past exercise.
This exercise beset me day and night for
some time, during which I shed many sorrow-
ful and bitter tears, pleaded many excuses,
and greatly wished some substitute might be
accepted instead of the thing called for; but
He who called me into the performance of
these foolish things — foolish to this world's
wisdom — was graciously pleased to show me,
with indubitable clearness, that he would
choose his sacrifice himself; and that neither
a right hand nor a right eye, neither thou-
sands of rams, nor ten thousands of rivers of
oil, would by any means answer instead of his
requirings. If he called for so weak or foolish
a thing as the words thou and thee to a single
person, instead oi you, nothing else of my sub-
stituting would do instead of it; for 'the
foolishness of God is wiser than men.'
Let none dispute the ground with Omnipo-
tence, nor confer with flesh and blood, lest
therein, despising the day of small things, they
fall by little and little. For be assured, O thou
called of the Lord I thou canst never become
his chosen, unless thou obey his call, and come
out of all he calls thee from. If thou art not
faithhd in the little, thou wilt not be made
ruler over much.
Perhaps few will believe the fulness of
heavenly joy whi(di sprang in my bosom, as
a well-spring of living waters, after my giving
up in faithfulness to his requisition." — Job
Scott.
Samuel Fothergill, in enlarging upon the
love and unity, which ought to subsist among
brethren, remarks, how cautious ought we to
be of saying any thing detracting, one of an-
other, or saying " Eeport," saj' they, " and we
will report it." And how great ought to be
the care on the minds of Friends, lest at any
time they should be led to speak, in anj' way,
to lessen an elder, minister or overseer, or any
others before their children ; andof what hurt-
ful consequence such conduct might be to the
youth in fixing prejudices in their minds that
could not be easil}' removed; so he would
have Friends keep to that wisdom which is
from above. Ho much desired that all such
feelings might not iiavo anj' place, and that
none might give way to such a spirit, but be
willing to suffer rather than contend, this was
the true way to live in peace.
THE FRIEND.
THIRD MONTH 7. 1874.
Having received several letters witliin a short
time, written by Friends in dilferont parts
of our widely extended Society, in this coun-
try' and in England, expressing the writers'
satislaction with the course pursued in our
journal, for upholding the original piinciples
and practices of Friends, and desiring the en-
couragement of those conducting it, we feel
it right, in this way, to express our gratifica-
tion at these evidences of unity of feeling, and
to assure our friends their communications
arc fully appreciated.
Two, express much concern as to the course
that should be pursued under circumstances
which render it evident that the meetings
they are connected with, have widely departed
from the principles and testimonies of Friends,
and have introduced reading the Scriptures
or singing psalms or hj'mns, when assembled
for divine worship.
While we believe that those who are in the
practice of those things have no valid claim
to the character or name of Friends, 3'et we
apprehend the time has not come, when those
who adhere to the doctrines and testimonies
which Friends have ever held, and who alone
are the true Society of Friends, are prepared to
determine what further the Head of the church
requires at their hands. If all who are groan-
ing under these afflictions are but willing to
bear their testimony against these defections
openly and faithfully, as well as to seek for
ability to suffer patiently, we believe they
may rest assured that in his own time the
Lord will make a way for the relief and up-
building, of the few or the many who dare
not compromise primitive Chrihtianily, as it
was republished by Fox, Barclay and Penn.
He will preserve a seed that shall be counted
unto Him for a generation, and (Quakerism in
its ancient purity will yet be set upon a hill,
so that it cannot be hid ; and those who see
it, and are now saying it has been carried
captive and despoiled of its former gospel
characteristics, will have to acknowledge that
it remains upon the foundation, against which
the gates of hell cannot prevail, and it will
once more prove the blessing it was designed
to be, by Him who raised it up; for, to use
the words of Francis Howgil, " The memorial
of this nation [Friends] which is holy unto
me, shall never be rooted out, but shall live
through ages as a cloud of witnesses in gen-
erations to come."
Some who have kindly sent us contribu-
tions in prose or verse, or made selections for
our columns, may feel disappointed that they
have not been published. But our rule is
positive that the name of the author of an
original article must be communicated. Most
of the selections have been in " The Friend"
before.
232
THE FRIEND.
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
Foreign. — A London dispatch of the 28th ult. .saj's :
The trial of the Ticbborne claimant on the charge of
perjury, committed during tlie trial for the possession
of the estate, wiiich has been in progress for upwards of
one hundred and eighty days, was brought to a close
this morning, and resulted in the conviction of the ac-
cused.
The jury, after being out a short time, brought in a
verdict of guilty on all the charges, and the claimant
was sentenced to fourteen years penal servitude. After
the verdict was announced the claimant expressed a
desire to address the court, but the Lord Chief Justice
refused permission. He was t:iken from the court room
by a seldom used exit, placed in a carriage, and rapidly
driven to Newgate, much to the disappointment of an
immense crowd which had gathered outside to see him
pass.
The first intelligence announcing the success of the
expedition against the Ashantees and the capture of
Coomassie, &c., was incorrect. Reports soon after
reached England of disaster and defeat, causing grave
feara for the safety of the British army, which were not
dispelled until the War Office received the following
dispatch from General Wolseley : " Coomassie, Feb. 5,
1874 — We reached here yesterday after five days' hard
fighting. The troops behaved admirably. Our casual-
ties are under three hundred. The king has left the
town, but is close by. He promises to visit me to-d.ay
and sign a treaty of peace. We hope to start on our
return to the coast to-morrow. The wounded are re-
covering, and the health of the remainder of the army
is good." The Queen and her ministry have sent dis-
patches to General Wolseley congratulating him on his
success.
The Company which issued proposals a few weeks
ago for laying a light telegraph cable between England
and America, has abandoned the enterprise because of
the scanty support, and gives notice that the money de-
posited by the subscribers to its stock will be returned
on demand.
A correspondent of the London News, in a letter to
that paper descriptive of the Indian famine, says : " The
scarcity spreads over a wide tract along the foot of the
Himalaya boundaries of Nepaul, stretching from Oude
to near Darjeeling, remote districts removed from the
railroads and other means of communication, and diffi-
cult of approach. Lord Northbrook informs me that
the most serious distress is threatened in fifteen districts
in addition to the Teras, comprising a total population
of 26,000,000. It is however impossible to ascertain
the exact condition of affairs. The absence of railroads
in the remote districts is a serious disadvantage.
The bark Grace Darling, went ashore on the coast of
Scotland, near Aberdeen, during the late gales, and be-
came a wreck. The crew took to the rigging, but fifteen
of them were washed off and drowned. Four men be-
longing to the life-saving station, who went to the rescue
of the wrecked men, also lost their lives.
A terrific boiler explosion occurred on the 2d inst. at
Blackburn, Lancashire. Twenty persons were instantly
killed and thirty injured, many of them f^itally.
Loudon, .3rd mo. 2d. — Consols 92. U.' S. five per
cents, 103i.
Liverpool. — Uplands cotton, 7|rf. ; Orleans, Sid.
The last advices from Madrid announce the failure
of the attempt to relieve Bilboa, which for some time
has been besieged by the Carlists. The Republican
army under General Moriones, made successive attacks
on the Carlist force before the city, and was repulsed
each time. He informs the WarOtiice that he had been
unable to force the Carlists tVom their entrenchments,
and that his own advance line has been broken by the
insurgents. He asks for reinforcemeuts and the ap-
pointment of his successor.
General Moriones army is said to Lave lost three
thousand men in killed and wounded.
The fall of Bilboa is considered imminent. Typhus
fever and small pox prevail in the city.
The Carlists have captured several small towns in
Biscay.
Marshal Serrano has been declared President of the
Republic of Spain, and General Z ibala President of the
Council of Ministry.
President Serrano and Admiral Topete, Minister of
Marine, have left Madrid for the north. Zabala will
act as President during Serrano's absence.
A Bayonne dispatch of the 2d says, a dispatch has
been received by the Carlist Junta here, reporting that
Bilboa has surrendered to the Royalists. Further
serious defeats of the Republican forces are announced.
Thiers, ex-President of France, in a letter to a Re-
publican candidate for the Assembly, declares that ex-
perience has rendered his conviction invincible that a
republic is the only possible government for France.
This declaration gives great satisfaction to the members
jof the Left, and it was warmly expressed when Thiers
the following day entered the Assembly.
The sale of the Conservative Republican journal, the
Nineteenth Century, has been prohibited, becau.se of
the publication in its columns of an article insulting to
Buffet, the President of the National Assembly.
The Berlin journals publish the result of a census
taken last year of all the live stock in Prussia. There
were in the country 2.970,946 families or private indi-
viduals possessing animUs of some kind. These con-
sisted of 2,278,724 horses, 934 mules, 8774 asses, 8,012,-
1-50 horned cattle, 19,624,758 sheep, 4,278,.531 hog.s,
1,477,33.5 goats, and 1,453,764 hives of bees.
Articles of agreement, which go into efl'ect the 18th
of Fifth mo. next, have been entered into between Swit-
zerland and the United States, providing for an inter-
change of postal cards between the two countrie.s, at the
rate of two cents for the United States, and ten centimes
for Switzerland — postage to be invariably pre-paid.
There was a serious fire in Panama on the 19th ult.,
which con.su med a large part of the city. The loss is
estimated at about one million of dollars, mostly in-
sured in London.
It is stated that there are 30,000 workingmen out of
employ in Vienna. They appeal to the government
for some measures of relief.
According to the Russian Railway Gazette, 287 per-
sons were killed and 356 injured on the railroads of
that country in 1873. Most of the accidents are at-
tributed to the carelessness of the suft'erers.
Ledru RoUin has been elected to the National Assem-
bly, to fill a vacancy, by a large majority.
Dispatches have been received at the Indian office,
London, from the Lieutenant Governor of Bengal,
giving an alarming account of the condition of things
in that presidency. He says fully one million of per-
sons are starving to death, and all the poorer clas,se3 are
beginning to feel the want of food.
United States. — The deaths in New York last
week were 487.
The interments in Philadelphia last week numbered
35S, including 115 under two years.
According to the returns made to the Health Office,
there were 18,702 births in Philadelphia in 1873, viz :
9,845 males and 8,857 females. The number of mar-
riages registered during the year was 7,891. The total
number of interments in the city during the year was
16,736. The record of deaths is believed to be nearly
accurate, but in that of births and marriages there is
probably a considerable deficiency. The principal
causes of death were: Apoplexy, 279; cancer, 268;
cerebro spinal meningitis, 240 : consumption, 2291 ;
cholera infantum, 1114; cholera morbus, 67 ; convul-
sions, 682 ; croup, 200 ; diptheria, 110 ; scarlet fever, 319.
An examination of the various tables appended to the
report shows that during the years of the rebellion —
1862, 1863, 1864 — the deaths exceeded the births, thus
showing the disastrous effects war has upon the natural
increase of the population.
The mean temperature of the Second month, by the
Pennsylvania Hospital record, was 33.75 deg., the
highest during the month 72 deg., and the lowest 12
deg. The amount of rain 2.82 inches.
The average of the mean temperature of the Second
month, for the past 85 year.s, is stated to be 30.85 deg.,
the highest during that entire period was 41.03 deg. in
1857, the lowest 24 deg. in 1815.
The mean temperature of the three winter months of
1873 and 1874, has been 36.38 deg., which is nearly 5
deg. above the average for the preceding 84 years.
A new census of Richmond, Virginia, has just been
taken by the local authorities, and shows the population
of the city to be 60,705, or about 9,000 more than in
1870. Cxalveston, Texas, has now a population of 34,-
350.
During the year 1873, the production of iron and steel
rails in the United States was 850,000 ton.s, and the im-
portations were 185,702 tons, making a total supply of
1,035,702 tons, which is much less than for the preced-
ing year. But railroad construction was not as active
in 1873 as in 1872, because of the difficulty of raising
money for new works, and becau.se of the entire prostra-
tion of railroad interests for the last four months of the
year.
The public debt of the United States on the first inst.,
less cash in the Treasury, was §2,1-54,880,067, having
decreased $2,590,047 during the preceding month.
27je Markets, &c. — The following were tiie quotations
on the 2d inst. New York. — American gold, 112J.
U. S. -sixes, 1881, 119}; ditto, 1868, 118.1; ditto, 10-40,
5 per cents, 112}. Superfine flour, $5.85 a $6.10 ; State
extra, $6.40 a *6.65 ; finer brands, $7 a $10.75. No. 1
Chicago spring wheat, $1.54 ; No. 2 do., $1.48 a $1..5
red western, $1.60 a $1.62; white Michigan, S1.7c
$1.8-5. Oats, 60 a 63 cts. Rye, 95 a $1. Weste
mixed corn, 76 a 79 cts.; yellow, 80 a 81 cts. Phi'
delphia. — Cotton, 16 a 16i cts. for middlings. Superfi
flour, $5 a $5.38 ; extra, $6.50 a $7 ; finer brands, -r-".
a $10.25. Red wheat, $1.60 a $1.65; amber, $1.72
$1.73. Rye, 90 cts. Oats,' 58 a 62 cts. Yellow coi:
74 a 75 cts. About 1600 beef cattle sold at the Aven
Drove-yard, extra at 7} a 7 J cts. per lb. gro.ss; fair
good, 6i a 7 cts., and common, 5 a 5J cts. Sheep so
at 5 a 7 J cts. per lb. gross and hogs at $8.50 a $9 per 1'
lb. net. Chicago. — No. 1 spring wheat, $1.2H; No.
do., Sl.lSi ; No. 3 do., $1.14. Corn, 59 cts' No.
oats, 43 cts. Rye, 85 cts. No. 2 spring barley, $1.4
Lard, $8.45 a $8.70 per 100 lb.
ANNUAL MEETING OF THE CONTRIBUTOI
TO THE ASYLUM.
A Stated Annual Meeting of the "Contributors
the Asylum for the Relief of Persons Deprived of tl
use of their Reason," will be held on Fourth-day, tl
18th of Third month, 1874, at 3 o'clock, p. Ji., at Ar
Street Meeting-house, Philadelphia.
William Bettle, Clerk.
FRIENDS' FREEDMEN'S ASSOCIATION.
With nineteen schools in N. Carolina and Virgin
in successful operation, and 2193 scholars in attendanr
involving an expense of $1,000 per m^nth for the ne'
three months, the Association has but a small amou
in its treasury. We commend the subject to the serio
attention of Friends.
RiCHAKD Cadbury, Treasurer.
James E. Rhoads, Pres't of Executive Board.
Philadelphia, 2d mo. 13th, 1874.
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL. '
As the stations of Superintendent and Matron of tl
Institution are expected to be vacated at the close oft
Winter Session, in the 4th month next. Friends w
may feel drawn to luidertake the duties attached
them, are requested to communicate thereon witheitl
of the following named members of the Committee.
Nathaniel N. Stokes, Cinnaminsou Post-offi
Burlington Co., N. J.
Charles Evans, No. 702 Race St., Philadelpti
Deborah Rhoads, Haddon field, N. J.
Rebecca S. Allen, No. 335 S. Fifth St., Philai
FRIENDS' BOARDING SCHOOL FOR INDIi
CHILDREN, TUNESASSA, NEW YORK.
A teacher of the school will be wanted at the co
mencement of the Spring term. Also a Friend to
as assistant matron.
Application may be made to
Ebenezer Worth, Marshallton, Chester Co., Pit
Joseph Scattergood, 413 Spruce St., Phiiada. ) ;||
Aaron Sharpless, Street Road P. O., Ches, ,,
Co., Pa. ' ',
Thomas Wistar, Fox Chase P. O., Phiiada. 'P'
a:
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE, tl
Near Frankford, (Twenty-lhird Ward,) PhUadelphuh
Physician and Superintendent — Joshua H. Woew
INGTON, M. D. [T"
Applications for the Admission of Patients mayjj''
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Board|'i
Managers. i j
rtk^.
Died, at his father's residence, in Cherokee counh
Kansas, Fifth mo. 10th, 1873, Addison Carter, sorf
Milton and Louisa Ann Carter, aged nearly twenty-tJj
years, a member of Spring River Monthly Meeting
Friends. This young Friend by his many virtues, I
endeared himself to a large circle of relatives and J
quaintances. Endowed with good abilities, he
anxious to improve bis time and talents to the hoil
of his Creator, and willingly imparted to others whl
ever knowledge he obtained by making good u.se of }
spare moments. In the early part of his illness, '
suti'ering at times was very great, but he bore it wi
much patience and Christian resignation. For so*
time ]>revious to, and during his illness, his mi*^
seemed more than usually occupied with Heaven aif"
heavenly things, saying, shortly before his departa»/'l
" I want to go home." He is greatly missed from If
circle in which he moved in a very exemjilary manni
but his friends and relatives have the comforting
ance that his end was peace.
, in this city, on the 24th "of Eighth mo. 18
Joshua P. Edge, in the 66th year of his age, an i!
emplary member of the Monthly Meeting of Fri(
of Philadelphia.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. XLVII.
SEVENTH-DAY, THIRD MONTH H, 1874.
NO. 30.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
ce Two Dollars per annum, if paid in advance. Two
dollars and fifty cents, if not paid in advance.
SubacriptiOQS and Pay menta received by
JOHN S. STOIIES,
.T SO. 116 UOBTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS,
PHIIiADELFEIA.
e, when paid quarterly in advance, five cents.
Herrnhnt and tbe lUoraviaDS.
"The following notices of the first settle-
r!nt of the " Uoited Brethren" at Herrnhut,
::• taken from Walter White's Travels in
rxmij', Bohemia and Silesia.
I When the sanguinary Hussite wars ended
I the triumph of the Jesuits, there remained
Bohemia and Moravia numbers of godly-
nded Protestants, who, as the oppressor
3W in strength, were forbidden the iree ex-
iise of their religion. They worshipped by
(lalth, hiding in caves and thickets, and
Tered frightful persecution ; but remained
itadfast, and formed a union among them-
Bvis for mutual succor, and became the
liited Brethren. Their chief settlements
vre at Fulneck, in Moravia, and Lititz, in
I'hcmia. Though professing the principles
(the earliest Christian church, many of them
e braced the doctrines of Luther and Calvin,
iiereby they subjected themselves to aggra-
vteJ persecutions; and cruelly were they
eitten by the calamities of the thirty year's
v.r.
A.bout 1710 a Roman Catholic carpenter set
Ct from the little Moravian village, Semftle-
li to fulfil his three ''wander-years," and
gin experience in his trade. While work
i ; at Berlin, he frequented the Evangelical
J thcran Church; and afterwards at Gorlitz
ti impression made on his mind bj- a Lu-
tiran preacher was such that he went back
this home a Protestant. He was a bringer
Ogood tidings to some of his relatives who
Tre among the persecuted. He could tell
timof a kingdom beyond the frontier, where
t'y might worship unmolested ; of a youth-
f Count Zinzendorf, who had large estates
iibo hill-country of Saxony, and was alreadj^
kjwn as a benefactor to such as suft'ered for
Ciscience sake.
' X was on Whit-Monday, 1722, that Chris-
tci David — so the carpenter was named —
biught the news. Three da3's later, two
fiiilies, numbering ten persons, abandoned
t ir homes, and under David's guidance came
Siily to Gorlitz, after a nine days journey.
C the 8lh of June the four men travelled to
Innersdorf, the residence of Zinzendorf's
g-ndmother, who placed tbem under charge
0 the land-steward, with instructions that
hises should be built for them. But as the
steward wrote to his master, "the good peo-
ple seek for the present a place only under
which they may creep with wife and children,
until houses be set up." After much considera-
tion it was resolved to build on the Hutberg.
a hill traversed bj' the road from La'ban to
Zitlan, then a misorablo track, in which vehi-
cles sank to their axles. "God will help,"
replied the steward to one of his friends, who
doubted the finding of water on the spot ; and
on the two following mornings he rose before
the sun and went upon the hill to observe the
mists. What he saw led him to believe in the
existence of a spring; whereupon he took
courage, and, as he tells the Count, " I laid
the miseries and desires of these people before
the Lord with tears, and besought Him that
His hand might be with me, and prevent
wherein my intentions were unpleasing to
Him. Further I said, 'On this place will I
build the first house for them in thj- name.' "
A temporary residence was found for the
fugitives, the benevolent grandmother gave a
cow that the children might have milk ; and
on June 17th the first tree was felled by Chris-
tian David. On the 11th of August the house
was erected ; the preacher at Berthelsdorf
took occasion to refer to it as "a light set on
the hill to enlighten the whole land,' and in
October it was taken possession of with prayer
and thanksgiving.
The steward, writing about this time to in-
form the Count of his proceedings, says : "May
God bless the work according to His good-
ness, and procure that your excellency may
build on the hill called the Hutberf<, a city
which not only may stand under the Herni
Uut (Lord's protection), but all dwellers upon
the Lord's watch, so that day and night there
bo no silence among them." Here we have
the origin of the name of the place.
Meanwhile the neighborhood laughed and
joked about the building of a house in so lonely
a spot, where it must soon perish ; and still
more when the digging for the spring was
commenced. The land-steward had much
ado to keep the laborers to their work. Four-
teen days did they dig in vain ; but in the
third week they came to moist gravel, and
soon aften water streamed forth in super-
abundance.
In the next year, Christian David journey-
ed twice into Moravia. The priests, angered
at the departure of the first party, had wor-
ried their relatives, and forbade them to emi-
grate under penalty of imprisonment; they
would not let them live in peace at home, nor
let them go. Aided, however, by the mes-
senger, twentj'-six persons forsook their little
possessions, their all, and stole away by night.
" Goods left behind," says the historian, " but
faith in their Father in the heart." They
reached the asylum, whore, by the spring of
1724 five new houses were ready to receive
them.
In this year came other fugitives, experi-
enced in the church discipline of the old
Moravian Brethren ; and as the number yet
increased, they besought the Count to insti-
tute the same constitution and discipline in
Herrnhut. But ditferenccs of opinion arose,
and for three years the harmony and perma-
nence of thecolonj' were seriously endangered.
The Count, however, was not a man to shrink
from a good work ; he was remarkable for his
power of influencing minds; and on the 12th
of May, 1727, after a three hours' discourse, ho
succeeded in reconciling all differences, and
the Reformed Evangelical United Brother-
hood of the Augsburg Confession was estab-
lished. This day, as well as the 13th of
August of the same year, when the whole
communityrcnewed and confirmed theirunion
in the church at Berthelsdorf, are days never
to be forgotten by the Brethren.
The success of Herrnhut was now secure.
The number of residents had increased to
three hundred, of whom one half were fugi-
tives from Moravia. But they had still to
endure privation ; for they had abandoned all
their worldly substance, and trade and tillago
advanced but slowly ; in the first six months,
all that the two cutlers took from the passers
by was but two pence. Friedrick von Watle-
ville, however, a much beloved friend of Count
Zinzendorf's, took a room in one of the houses
that he might live among the struggling peo-
ple, and help them in their endeavors.
Of the thirty-four small houses which then
stood on both sides of the Zittan road, not
one now remains. In their place large and
handsome houses of brick have risen, which,
though the place be but a village, give it the
appearance of a city. An ample supply of
water is brought in by wooden pipes, and two
engines and eight cisterns in difierent quar-
ters, are always ready against fire. There
are covered stalls for the sale of meat and
vegetables; a common wash-house and wood-
yard and other buildings for the general ac-
commodation. An almoner is appointed to
succor indigent strangers. In 1852 he relieved
3668 tramping journeymen.
Year by year the lierrnhuters improved in
circumstances, though often at hard strife
with penury. However, they preferred hun-
ger, with freedom of conscience, to the tender
mercies of the Jesuits at Olmutz. The seven
years' war, that brought misery to so many
places, worked favorably for Herrnhut. Au8-
trians and Prussians — fierce foes — rode in al-
ternately to buy shoes and other articles pro-
duced by the industrious villagers ; and while
Herrnhut flourished, many erroneous notions
which had prevailed concerning it were re-
moved by what the visitors saw of the simple
life and manners of the brethren. So much
was the shoes and other fabrics of the breth-
ren in request, that it sometimes happened
that from 1500 to 2000 dollars were received
in one day.
To Abraham Diirninger, who established a
manufiactory of linen cloths, and whose skill
and enterprise were only matched by his cease-
234
THE FRIEND.
less activity, the colony owed the main stay
of its commercial prosperity. Brother Diinin-
ger's linen and woven goods were largely ex
ported, particularly to Spain, South America
and the West Indies, and esteemed above all
others in the market for the excellence of
their quality. The trade has since fallen off,
but not the reputation, as gold and silver
medals awarded to the Herrnhuters by the
governments of Prussia and Saxony for honest
workmanship amply testify.
In 1760, notwithstanding that many colo-
nies and missions had been sent out, the popu-
lation numbered 1200. This was the highest.
The number remained stationary until the
end of the century ; since then it has slowly
decreased, owing, as is said, to the decline of
trade. In 1852 it was 925. No new build-
ings have been erected since 1805, so that
Herrnhut has the appearance of a place com-
pletely finished. The streets were paved, and
flagged footways laid down, eighty years ago;
and since 1810, all the roads leading from the
village have been planted and kept in good
condition.
Well-managed elementary schools supply
all that is needful for oi-dinary education.
Pupils who exhibit capabilities for higher
training are sent to the school at Nisky, a
village built bj- Bohemian refugees, near Gor-
litz. Theological students are trained at the
seminary in Gnadenfeld, in the principality
of Oppeln ; and those for the missions at Klein
Welke, a village near Budisson.
Fiftj'-seven Moravian settlements and so-
cieties in different parts of the continent of
Europe, Eussia, Sweden, Holland, Germany,
some founded by emigrants from Herrnhut,
and all taking it for their pattern, mark the
growth of the principles advocated by the
brethren. In England they have eleven set-
tlements, among which Fulneck, in Yorkshire,
renews the name of the old Moravian village;
and Ockbrook, in Derbyshire, is the seat of
the conference which directs the affairs of the
British settlements, but always with respon-
sibility to the Conference of Elders at Berth-
elsdorf. Scotland has one community and
Ireland seven. At the last reckoning in 1S48
the number of real members was 16,000.
Besides these, there are seventy foreign
mission stations, the duties of which are ful-
filled by 297 brethren. The number of per-
sons belonging to the several missions is
70,000. That in North America was com-
menced in 1734, Greenland 1733, Labrador
1770. The others are in the West Indies,
Surinam, South Africa, Australia, &c.
For "The Frii-nd."
John Eeald.
(Contianed from page 227.)
" 12th mo. 17th. In the evening we came
to Isaac Wilson's, and had some notice given
of a meeting at Pelham. We went to bed as
well as usual, but in the night I felt a pain
under my left shoulder-blade, which hurt me
when I drew a long breath. The meeting
began at 2 o'clock. I said. Seek the Lord
while Ho may be found, and call on Him,
while He is near. I think it maj' be inferred
from the passage that there is a time He may
be found if sought after, and a time that lie
is near if called ujion, and if it is neglected the
time may come that He may be far off, and
then not to be found. It does then my friends
become us to make use of the privilege we
are mercifully favored with of calling on the
Lord while He is to be found. If this is ne-
glected, may not a time come, when He maj-
not hear, though we may cry with a loud and
bitter cry. Thus I was concerned to warn
them of neglect and to invite them timely to
attend to their own truest interest ; and after-
wards to comfort the true mourners, and lo
encourage to a continued faithful dedication
of service.
19th. John Taylor took us in a sleigh to
Black Creek. Before we left this place we
proceeded to the great Niagara Falls. We
stopped awhile to view the stupendous 8«ene,
but here I believe description will ever fall
short to give an adequate idea of the prospect,
so vast a quantity of water falling over an
uneven rough rock or rocks, breaking into
white foam, resembling snow in huge banks
falling down into a deep gulf, in a most awful
manner, this being one of the wonders of the
world.
20th. We attended Black Creek Meeting,
which was thronged with Friends and others.
My companion asked the people to consider
what they came to meeting for. I followed,
saying. Take these things hence. It is writ-
ten. My Father's house shall be a house of
prayer for all people, but ye have made it a
den of thieves. I believe there is more simi
laritj' between those our Lord reprimanded
and many of the worshippers of the present
day, than some have apprehended. I then
went on to show how the minds of the people
were taken up ; some with the accumulation
of profits, or amusements, or gratifications and
delights which the world affords, and these
occupy the attention. Is this the acceptable
way to perform worship ? Will it indeed be
pleasing to Him who sees the disposition of
the heart as it really is? for the most secret
disposition thereof is not hid from Him. Know
j'e not that your body is the temple of the
living God, and whoso defileth the temple of
God, him will God destroy. But the heart is
the place of prayer, and no true worship is
performed without the heart and mind being
enn-aged in it ; and if these are otherwise em-
ployed and worldly delights take up the at-
tention, should not these things be taken
home, and should not the most solemn atten-
tion be devoted to the performance of the most
solemn act, that the mind of man' is capable
of being engaged in?
The minds of the people became weighty,
and I secretly thanked God before the meet-
ing closed, which took place soon after I had
requested them not to lay waste the sense of
good on their minds by going into conversa-
tion hastily at the rise of the meeting.
2l8t. We parted with this kind family and
went to the ferry over the Niagara Elver, just
below Lake Erie, but the ice passed down so
plentifully that we could not get over. So
we returned to Black Creek to the house of
Daniel Pound, near the lake. We rode along
side of this great water, and are now where
we can hear the roaring of the water like the
sea"
They succeeded with some difficulty in
crossing into New York State on the 23d, and
on the 25th had an appointed meeting, in
which sincere, heartfelt religion was earnestly
recommended, and those present were press-
ingly entreated not to trust to that which is
insuflScient — the language of our Saviour being
revived, " Whosoever heareth these sayings
of mine and doeth them, I will liken him to
a wise man," &c.
26th. At a meeting called Boston, J. Ij;
felt an exercise on account of some dissipatci ,
practices. He spoke of the great bodily paij
to which we are liable, and that few go oii
of the world without considerable of it. '^
knew not when the painful trial would cotti
to us, and though the pain of the body migl,
be great, yet the distress of the mind migl
be much greater because of our attachmei
to dissipation and folly. These may so f;,
have gained the attention, as even to engaj,
the mind in meeting in laying plans to a
complish our designs. He queried, what kin
of foundation is here being laid up against tl
time to come, if the mind is drawn away n(
after living mercies, but lying vanities at
vain pursuits. Then when pain assails tl
body, the mind looks round for help, and r,
one on earth can deliver. Such often cry fij
help, who in the time of health care but litt
whether the Almighty is pleased ordisplease
But when the time of adversity overtake
they then ask for favor. Such who ha\
slighted the Lord and His cause often fs,
under condemnation and lie down in sorrow
while the mourners mourn for them.
He also encouraged the true mourners
wait on the Lord ; those who txnder a livii| v
concern are brought to mourn on account i ■
their doings ; reviving for their encourageme:) ,
the blessing pronounced by our Lord and S,
viour, " Blessed are they that mourn for the ;
shall be comforted." I ,
" 27th. Being First-day, we set out for Coj ,;
cord, ten miles or more. The Friend who Wi .,
to conduct us not coming in time, we wet .
on several miles before he overtook us, ai :,
with smart riding reached the meeting , ,;
time. M}- lot was in exercised silence, thou|| .-
just at the close I said, I believe if there is ,
anxious a desire in some to improve, as the, .
has been to hear testimony, an amendme, .•
will soon take place. My mind was deepj :,
exercised, and I believed I had best keep it 4
myself, which I did, though pained underLji
sense of a strong carnal desire to hear. | .j^
30th. Was at the Monthly Meeting, in whi^ ^'j
I had some service in the men's meeting, an,,,
a short testimony near the close in womeii,-.
meeting. They conducted their business,; :.
thought, carefully. My companion inform^ ,,
the meeting, near the close of it, that he hi| ..
a prospect of returning peacefully home fro, .;
here ; but I concluded 1 could see nothing jj,
it. If he could go. he might; but 1 could n|,.;
go and leave the concern in the situation),
then was, so I thought I must keep to tlj ..
work, whether he staid or not ; and desiredj ,
Friend to send word to a certain neighbq „■
hood that I intended to meet with them Ij ..
morrow at 11 o'clock, and the day followii;
at Willink.
Slst. My companion did not find himS''
so clear as he thought he was, so he we
with me to the meeting, which was held in
dvvelling-house. It was some time before
found my way open to speak, but when it d
I have seldom known it to flow more likec
I thought it was a good meeting, and said ^
to them; that if they were faithful some
them would be prepared in a more emine, .,
manner to stand for the dignit}^ of the rigl
eons cause, than they now expected.
1st mo. 3d, 1819. Went to Hamburg, n
notice being spread, we had a full, crowd) .
meeting. My companion and several othe) 1^
made short statements, and he three or fO| ,j
times, but I was silent until I thought it w;
THE FRIEND.
235
inrlj'time for tho meeting to end. I had
f under much constant exercise for an hour
( more, and found no way to be released, and
] elt, I believed, the strong and anxious wishes
( tho people to bear words. Though I telt
tu which might have been profitable to
t'ln, had they been inward and not outward
i their views, I waited until the time was far
e -lit. I felt at liberty, and believed I would
I easiest to remark to them, in regard to
t.^ir great earnestness to [hear], and it might
It only to have it to say they had heard such
I one, then perhaps they would be like some
cililren I had seen, who applied to a parent
ttoiid, and even cried for it; and when it
MS turnished to them, though a piece of what
t 'V cried for, because it was not just such as
t.'V chose, they threw it away, and in the
ji'vcrseness of their wills would not have it.
ijnc of the sayings of Solomon occurs to my
1 lul : Seest thou a man wise in his own con-
( t, there is more hope of a fool than of him.
jid again. Better is a poor and wise child,
lun an old and foolish king, that will no
in'o be admonished. Perhaps some are noi
•'lling to have this, though they may have
'inted to have something, and thus are like
i disposition to perverse children, crying for
i and throwing it away and not improving
1 it.-'
J. H. entered into other subjects on this
<casion, and in the conclusion of his account,
imarks: "I felt clear, and I believe the pco-
];■ satisfied." He thus continues his journal:
'■ We dined at David Eddy's, and some
(ends being concerned to visit a family the
My we were going, desired us to call with
leiii. I had no objection. We sat down and
'. elt poor. My companion expressed a few
utences, and two others did the like. The
it mentioned the parable of the ten virgins.
iter him, I took that part concerning the
jlish ones. They appeared to have time as
sll as the others, and a desire too, when the
idegi'oom came, to enter with him into the
amber. While they went to procure oil,
e door was shut, and afterwards they came
ying, Lord, Lord, open unto us, but He said,
jpart from me, I know you not. So they
sre not admitted. Remember death, and do
•t forget judgment. Many in our day and
lie, whose cheeks bear the bloom of health,
e desirous of admittance into rest, but like
e foolish virgins do not prepare, do not get
to readiness, but settle down in supineness
id ease ; and how involved in distress and
rrow some have been because of their inat-
ntion. I found after that Friends were
king this opportunity to reclaim one from
e principles of Universalism, of which I had
it been informed."
(To be continaed.)
For "The Friend."
Animal Character.
(CuDtinued from page 227.)
THE DOG.
When the theory of selection has done its
orst, I still cling to the belief that the relation
tween dog and man was as much foreseen
id intended as that between sun and planet.
an has succeeded in domesticating several
her animals, but where else has he found
is spirit of unconquerable fidelity? It has
it been developed by kind treatment, it has
it even been sought for in itself, or made an
m in breeding. Ladies make pets of their
•gs, but all the shepherds I see around me
pay them in kicks, and curses, and starvation
What docs the obscure member of a pack of
foxhounds know of his master's love? I)
these poor animals had not been made to love
us, wliat excellent reasons they would have
had for hating us! Their love has not been
developed by care and culture, like the nour-
ishing ears of wheat ; but it rises like warm,
natural springs, where man has done nothing
either to obtain them or to deserve them.
There are thousands of anecdotes illustra-
ting the wonderful afi'cction which dogs bear
to their masters, and as the world goes on
thousands of other examples will be recorded,
but no one will ever know the full marvel of
that immense love and devotion. It is inex-
haustible, like the beauty of what is most
beautiful in nature, like the glory of sunset
and the rich abundance of that natural love-
liness which poets and artists can never quite
reveal. We do not know the depth of it even
in the dogs we have always with us. I have
one who is neither so intelligent nor so affec-
tionate as others I have known, and to my
human ignorance it seemed that he did not
love me very much. But once, when I had
been away for weeks, his melancholy longing,
of which he had said nothing to anybody,
burst out in a great passionate crisis. He
howled and clamored for admission into my
dressing-room, pulled down my old things
from their pegs, dragged them into a corner,
and flung himself upon them, wailing long
and wildly where he lay, till a superstitious
fear came on all the house like the forerunner
of evil tidings. Who can tell what long brood-
ings, unexpressed, had preceded this passion-
ate outburst? Many a dark hour had he
passed in silent desolation, wondering at that
inexplicable absence, till at length the need
for me became so urgent that he must touch
some cloth that I had worn.
So great is their power of loving that we
cannot help assigning to dogs — not formally,
but in our inward estimates — a place distinct
from the brute creation generally. They are
not mere animals, like sheep and o.xen, that
may be slaughtered as a matter of ordinary
business without awakening regret. To kill
a dog is always felt to be a sort of murder ;
it is the destruction of a beautiful though not
immortal spirit, and the destruction is the
more lamentable for its very completeness.
When I was a boy I remember crossing a
stream in Lancashire just as a workman came
to the same place followed by a sharp-looking
little brown terrier dog. It went snuffing
about under the roots as such little dogs will,
and then the man whistled and it came to
him at full speed. He caressed it, spoke to it
very kindly but very sadly, and then began
to tie a great stone to its neck. 'What are
you doing that for?' I asked. 'Because I
cannot afford to pay the dog-tax, and nobody
else shall have my little Jip.' Then he threw
it into the stream. The water was not deep,
and it was perfectly clear, so that we saw the
painful struggles of the poor little terrier till
it became insensible, and we were both fixed
to the spot by a sort of fascination. At last
the man turned away with a pale hard face,
suffering, in that moment, more than he cared
to show, and I went my way carrying with
me an impression which is even now as strong
as ever it was.
It is said that every dog is an aristocrat,
because rich men's dogs cannot endure beg-
gars and their rags, and are civil only to well-
dressed visitors. But the truth is that, fi-om
sympathy with his master, the dog alwaj's
sees humanitj- very much from his master's
point of view. The poor man's dog does not
dislike the poor. I may go much farther than
Ibis, and venture to assert that a dog who has
lived with j-ou for j-ears will make tho same
distinction between your visitors that you
make yourself, inwardly, notwithstamling the
apparent uniformity of your outward polite-
ness. My dog is very civil to people I like,
but he is savage to those I dislike, whatever
the tailor may have done to lend them ex-
ternal charms. I know not how ho discovers
these differences in my feelings, except it be
bj' overhearing remarks when the guests are
gone. Without giving the reins to imagina-
tion, it may be presumed that some dogs know
at least the names of different people, and may
take note of tho manner, cordial or otherwise,
in which we pronounce them. Whatever
they may know of spoken language, it is quite
clear that they understand the language of
manner, and have a very delicate apprecia-
tion of human behavior.
Dogs possess, in a much higher degree than
man, the power of storing up energy in times
of repose, and keeping it for future use. A
dog spends his spare time in absolute rest,
and is able to endure great drains of energy
on due occasion. He lies idly by the fire, and
looks so lazy, that it seems as if nothing could
make him stir, yet at a sign from his master
he will get up and go anywhere, without hesi-
tation about the distance. In old age dogs
know that they have not any longer these
great reserves of force, and decline to follow
their masters who go out on horseback, but
will still gladly follow them on any merely
pedestrian excursion, well knowing the nar-
row limits of human strength and endurance.
Dogs in the prime of life accomplish immense
distances, not without fatigue, for these efforts
exhaust them for the moment, but they have
such great recuperative power that they en-
tirely recover by rest. I know a very small
dog that was given by his master to a friend
who lived sixty miles off. His new proprietor
carried him in the inside of a coach ; but the
next morning the little animal was in his old
home again, having found his way across
country, and a most fatiguing and bewilder-
ing country too, covered with dense forests
and steep hills. Has the reader ever observed
how much swifter dogs are than their beha-
vior would lead one to imagine? Here is an
illustration of what I mean. I know a very
rapid coach which is always preceded by a
middling-sized dog of no particular breed.
Well, this dog amuses itself within a yard of
the horses' hoofs, turning round, leaping, look-
ing at other vehicles, snapping at other dogs,
barking at its own and other horses, and lead-
ing, in a word, exactly the same kind of life
as if it were amusing itself in the inn-yard
before starting. Now, consider a little the
amazing perfection of organization, the readi-
ness and firmness of nerve, required for mo-
tions so complicated as these, and the bodily
energy, too, necessary to keep them up, not
for a few yards, but mile after mile as the
coach rattles along the road ! One false step,
one second of delay, and the dog would be
under the hoofs of the horses, yet he plays as
children play on the sea-shore before the
slowly-advancing tide. With the dog's energy,
and a wiser economy of it, a man could run a
hundred miles without an interval of rest.
236
THE FRIEND.
state of intense excitement, following his track
at full speed, never raising its nostrils from
the ground, and then came the joyful meeting
— the scent had been recognised from the be-
ginning, even in a much-frequented street.
Innumerable anecdotes might be collected
to illustrate the reasoning power of dogs. A
certain lawyer, a neighbor of mine, has a dog
that guards his money when clients come into
the office. There are two or three pieces of
furniture, and sometimes it happens that the
lawyer puts money into one or another of these,
temporarily, the dog always watching him,
and guarding that particular piece of furniture
where the money lies. In this instance the
dog had gradually become aware, from his
master's manner, that money was an object
of more than ordinary solicitude ; in fact, he
had been set to guard coin left upon the table.
CTo be continned.)
Selected,
SORROAV."
All are not taken ; there are left beliind
Living Beloveds, tender looks to bring,
And make the day-light still a happy thing.
And tender voices, to make soft the wind.
But if it were not so — if I could find
No love in all the world for comforting,
Nor any path but hollowly did ring,
Where "dust to dust" the love from life disjoined.
And if, before those sepulchres unmoving,
I stood alone (as some forsaken lamb
Goes bleating up the moors, in weary dearth)
loving .'
"We make use of the delicate faculty of scent
possessed by these animals to aid us in the
chase, and are so accustomed to rely upon it
that its marvellousness escapes attention. But
we have no physical faculty so exquisite as
this. It is clear that the dog's opinions about
odors must be widelj' different from ours, for
he endures very strong smells which to us are
simply intolerable, and positively enjoys what
"we abominate; but as for true delicacy of
nerve, which I take to be the power of detect-
ing what is most faint, we cannot presume to
the least comparison with him. Every one
who has gathered wild plants knows what an
immense variety of odors arise from the plants
upon the ground — this is the first complica-
tion ; next upon that (though we cannot de-
tect it) are traced in all directions different
lines of scent laid down by the passage of
animals and men — this is the second compli
cation. Well, across these labyrinths of mis
leading or disturbing odors the dog follows
the one scent he cares for at the time (not-
withstanding its incessant alteration by mix-
ture) as easily as we should follow a scarlet
thread on a green field. If he were only sen-
sitive to the one scent he followed, the niarvel
would be much reduced, but he knows many
different odors, and selects amongst them the
one that interests him at the time.
In speaking of a power of this kind, pos-
sessed by another animal, we are liable to
mistakes which proceed from our constant
reference to our own human perceptions. We
think, for instance, that the odor of thyme is
strong, whilst for us the scent left by an ani-
mal in its passage may be so faint as to be
imperceptible ; but scents that are strong for
us may be faint for dogs, and vice versa.
Odors are not positive but relative, they are
sensations simply, and the same cause does
not produce the same sensation in different
organisms. A dog rolls himself on carrion,
and unreflecting people think this.ii proof of
a disgustingly bad taste on his part; but it is
evident that the carrion gives him a sensation
entirely different from that which it produces
in oui'selves. I know a man who says that
to him the odor of any cheese whatever, even
the freshest and soundest, is disgusting be-
yond the power of language to express : is it
not evident that cheese produces in him a
sensation altogether different from what it
causes in most of us ? The smell and taste of
dogs may be not the less refined and delicate
that they differ widely from our own. The
cause of the most horrible of all smells in my
own experience is a mouse, but the same cause
produces, it is probable, an effect altogether
different upon the olfactory nerves of cats.
These mysteries of sensation, in other beings,
are quite unfathomable, and our human the-
ories about delicacy of taste are not worth a
moment's attention. The dog is quite as good
an authority on these questions as the best
of us.
I cannot think that it is very surprisingthat
dogs should remember odors well, since odors
80 long retain the power of awakening old as-
sociations in ourselves. I distinctly remember
the odor of every house that was familiar to
me in boyhood, and should recognise it at
once. In the same way dogs know the scent
of a well-known footstep, even after long sepa-
ration. An officer returned home after the
Pranco-German war and did not meet his dog. Come on fellow soldiers; come on 1 the
After his arrival he watched for the dog Lamb and His followers will have the vie
through the window. He saw it at last in a I tory I — B. Jordan.
2
Crying " Where are ye, O my loved and
I know a voice would sound, " Daughter, I Am,
Can I suffice for Heaven, and not for earth ?"
E. B. Broimiing.
m m
Selected.
ART THOU A MOTHER?
Art thou a mother? Do thine eyes
With transport overflow.
To see thine olive plants arise.
And round thy table grow ?
It is in truth a lovely sight —
May it thy bosom fill
AVith fond enjoyment and delight,
And cheer thy dwelling still.
Art thou a mother? Ever bear
This solemn truth in mind, —
That thou must for their spirits care.
Which are by nature blind.
'Tis right to tend their mortal frames,
And all their wants supply :
But ah, their souls have stronger claims.
For these shall never die.
Art thou a mother? Early teach
Their infant lips to pray
To Him, who, 'midst their faltering speech.
Knows all they wish to say.
Oh ! bring them to the cross betimes.
For, if the Lord's when young.
Each life shall then be free from crimes.
And from deceit each tongue.
Art thou a mother? Daily draw
(As thou must still impart)
New lessons from God's holy law
To purify thy heart.
Then as they grow in sense and age,
Thy little ones shall see
The precepts of the sacred page
Exemplified in thee.
Art thou a motlier ? Watch and fear
To be thyself deceived ?
An error once committed here
Can never be retrieved.
The seed that's on the billows tost
May on some shore be thrown ;
But if a human soul be lost
It is for ever gone I
Dr. Huie.
For "The rriendfl
The Famine in India.
By mail and telegraph, accounts have fl
some weeks been received concerning d
famine in India, where the drought of 1|
summer and autumn has cut off the rice cr(^
which constitutes almost the sole depended
for food of the dense population of the distrid
under the government of the British. Oj
newspapers of 25th ult., contained the folloi
ing item transmitted by telegraph, the cd
templation of which is sufficient to iraprfit
us with the appalling gravity of the situatioi
A correspondent of the London News, in*
letter to that paper, descriptive of the Indi^
famine, says: "The scarcity spreads ovet"!
wide trac along the foot of the Himalaj^
boundaries of JSepaul, stretching from On^
to near Darjeeling, remote districts removi
from the railroads and other means of coA
munication, and difficult of approach. LdS
Northbrook informs me that the most 8eri(^
distress is threatened in fifteen districts '|
addition to the Teras, comprising a total po^
lation of 26,000,000. «
"This is not all. Twelve other distrieii
with 14,000,000 people, are threatened, afi
are described as almost entirely without road
and water. The coolies and laborers feel ti^
pinch most, owing to the total suspensions
work in the rice fields. The government coi
templated, prior to the outbreak of distresf
certain public works. First, irrigating canals
secondly, the Northern Bengal Railroad; and
lastly, the embankment of the Gunduck rivei
In the first named, 32,600 laborers have beei
employed. Their wages were paid, and mone;
exchanged for food at the adjacent govern
ment store. Lord Northbrook says, the gov
ernment has arranged for sufficient food til
May, with large reserves to meet any contin
THE FRIEND.
237
rersare employed on the new works, besides
086 on the railway and canal. Oecasionall}*
jmen of high caste and children, are forced
work on the roads, in order to earn sufficient
keep alive. The mails from Calcutta, bring
cnews tolst mo. 23d, have particulars which
e of much intcrest,'showing that a population
ual to the tvhole of that of the United Stntes
reduced to starvation, and unable to follow
eir usual avocations of raising crops of rice,
mp, jute, cotton, linseed, indigo, iSc, owing
the ground being so thoroughly baked by
e intense beat of the sun. and the long con-
lued absence of rain, that planting and
Itivation are quite impossible. We can
ve but a faint idea of the magnitude of
e responsibility devolving upon the Bengal
ivernment, which, notwithstanding its ex-
Jent intentions and prompt and far-reaching
re (it having early laid by in store-houses
5,000 tons of rice), cannot possibly prevent
told suffering, especially in the remote and
t-lying districts where transportation is
iw and difficult, even at the best of times.
le evil, however, seems likely to result in
me permanent improvement of the means
travel and transportation in iudirectlj' pro-
ving the building of new roads, canals and
.Iroads, which will be of great use hereafter.
d probably avert to some extent, a repeti-
<D of the famine. A prominent mercantile
use in Calcutta saj'S, under date of 1st mo.
i, " 1874 will be memorable for generations,
a year of scarcity, if not of absolute famine
poughout Bengal ; hard times have yet to
experienced during the next nine months,
aot longer. The present wholesale price of
V grade rice in the districts where the fam-
I is severe is four rupees per borzar maund
3qual to about twenty-two cents for ten
unds (probably the retail price is almost
able this), — the average price for many
ars has been about one and a quarter ru-
3B per maund or about seven cents for ten
iinds.
A.8 rice forms the staple food for about one-
rd the human race, and in the tropica
intries of the Eastern Continent almost the
3 food of the great mass of the population
5 importance of a failure in the crop can
jcely be estimated. The Burmese port of
ngoon alone, not unfrecj^uently receives, at
) time of year the crop is being marketed,
)0 tons per daj', which is sent far and near
lerever is the best market. Calcutta, the
jat shipping port of Eastern India, exports
every heavilj-, the quantity shipped thence
an-aging for the past ten years about 315,000
tis annually, of which about one-eighth goes
t'England. But the hungry millions of China
ai Japan create the largest demand for rice,
^ich their own immense crops are entirely
iidequate to supply. In the present year,
fc: home demand in India changes the usual
Rmnels of trade, and rice is imported by the
logal Government (largely from Burmah) ;
n, less than 50,000 tons having been brought
iiup to the 10th ult., besides a decrease in
tli export of about 45,000 tons for the past
yir compared with the average as given
aive. If there are as has been stated,
a many as forty millions of people (about
Ovfifth of the entire population of India)
ii the districts most seriously atfected by
tl scarcity of food, even the large quan-
ti^ of 225,000 tons of rice, stored by the
a horities, will be a very trifle (only twelve
a I a half pounds to each person), and we
have seen that over seven months must elap.'^e
before the next crop becomes available. The
latest news, by telegrams, dated 2d inst., is
thatone million of the inhabitants arooflicially
reported by the Lieutenant (iovcrnor of Ben-
gal, as starving to death in the districts affect-
ed, and all the poorer classes are beginning to
feel the want of' food.
The Indian Office in London, and the whole
British nation indeed, are becoming aroused
to the alarming aspect of the famine, and to
an appreciation of the fact that they arc in
the presence of one of the most terrible calam-
ities of modern times. No doubt a system
of relief will speediij- be organized in England
headed by the government ; this, however
complete it may be, cannot by any means
cover the whole ground, nor reach many
thousands in the remote country in time to
prevent untold privation and suffering.
Civis.
Philadelphia, 3<1 mo. 3d, 1874.
P. S. 3d mo. 7th. Since the above was
written, the terrible state of affairs in the
famine stricken districts is brought more
within our comprehension, by the receipt of
some statistical particulars by telegraph from
Lord Northbrook, the Governor-General of
India. It is expected the government will be
obliged to maintain 3,000,000 persons for three
months ; which, on an allowance of one pound
per day for each person, will require over
120,000 tons of rice. The expenditures on
account of the famine to the end of Second
month, are estimated at $7,500,000, and the
number of applicants for labor on the govern-
ment works, had increased from 15,000 to
30,000 within a week. The relief organi-
zation at Calcutta, is working excellently, but
it can hardlj' meet the immense demands
which will be made upon the government.
«-»
Death of Polycarp. — The following account
of the last words of this faithful martyr for
the testimony of Jesus, is given in Wadding-
ton's "History of the Church." Polycarp,
bishop of Smyrna, was, it is said, appointed
to that office by the Apostle John, and con-
tinued faithful to his charge, until his aged
limbs were affixed to the stake. "Eight}--
six years have I served Christ, and he hath
never wronged me," was his reply to the in-
quisitorial interrogations of the Roman pro-
consul ; and it will not be out of place here,
to transcribe his striking prayer, which has
reached us from the pen of one who witnessed
his martyrdom.
" Father of thy beloved and blessed Son
Jesus Christ, through whom we have know-
ledge of thee ; God of angels and powers and
of all creation, and of the whole family of the
just who live in thy presence, 1 thank thee
that thou hast thought me worthy of this
day and this hour, that I may take part in
the number of the martyrs in the cross of
Christ for the resurrection of eternal life in
the incorruptibility of the Holy Spirit — among
whom may I be received in thy presence to-
day, in full and acceptable sacrifice, as thou
hast prepared, foreshown, and fulfilled, the
faithful and true God. For this, and for every-
thing, I praise thee, I bless thee, through the
eternal High Priest, Jesus Christ, thy beloved
Son." The martyrdom of Polycarp took place
about 166 A. D.
Custom may lead a man into many errors,
but it justifies none.
For " Tlio FrkMiil."
Memoirs and Letters of Sarnli llillman.
CCoufiluied from page 'I'^iK)
To her Nother and Sisters.
"Muncey, 7th mo. 9tli, 18.34.
My dearMotherand Sisters, — Our Heavenly
Fatiier has cared for us thus far ; has furnished
strength equal to the da}', and at times when
the spring seemed readj- to fail, has, in mercy,
sent a little help from his holy sanctuary, and
renewed our faith and contidence in his suffi-
ciency. How true it is, that His mercy is
everlasting; and that His covenant is sure,
and his righteousness unto all generations.
He numberetb our days, and carcth for the
little sparrows. Then whj- should our leeble
faith distrust His providence I His word is
truth, and he hath said, ' Fear not, little flock,
for it is your Father's good pleasure to give
j'ou the kingdom.'
Our travel through these parts, though
rough, will I humbi}' hope prove one means
of advancing in my own heart the reign of my
blessed Redeemer, if no other good is effected
by it. We dare not doubt that we are in our
right places here, let come of it what may !
The query that was addressed by the poor,
mournful pro])het, ' Seekest thou great things
for thyself?' is oft remembered bj' me, with
the command, not to do this ; and I am almost
ready to add, that to me the promise seems
sealed, 'thy life shall be given thee for a prey;'
and this is enough. Most earnestly and fer-
vently do I often crave to be more thoroughly
cleansed from every defilement of flesh and
spirit, to be more willing to suffer for the
name and the testimony of my divine Lord,
and more worthy to be engaged in advancing
His glorious cause and truth in the earth.
Charles Allen is a tender, affectionate, feel-
ing friend and father, and I do feel quite at-
tached to him. He says he feels well satisfied ;
and thinks if we live to get home, we shall all
be glad we have been. It really seems as if
it could not be, that we are among a people
so ignorant of the law and the testimony, as
many back here are, and at the same time
are within the limits of our Quarterly Meet-
ing. They appear willing to receive all that
apply for admission among u.s, whether they
are convinced of our testimonies or not.
Nevertheless there is a true seed here, which
I believe shall be accounted a generation for
the Lord. Yes, I rejoice in believing there
is a precious company of true mourners, hav-
ing their Father's name written in their fore-
heads; who have been passed by when the
destroying angel was sent forth.
Through mercy this morning at meeting,
the little company met were sweetly refreshed
by the presence of Him who giveth life; and
a little ability was furnished to offer praise,
and to ask heavenly blessings. So that now
again this evening we have renewed cause to
trust in His power for days to come.
I cannot doubt, my beloved mother and
sisters, that your reward will be sure, for hav-
ing so cheerfully resigned poor me to what
seems to be my Heavenly Father's business.
Though nature does keenly feel the separa-
tion, yet sweet will be the reunion when again
permitted, should that be his righteous will.
And then, when the days of our earthly pil-
grimage are ended, what a precious, glorious
prospect is it — how sweet the thought — to
look forward with a secret, humble hope that
we shall be a family in heaven.
238
THE FRIEND.
And now, my dear sisters, it is in my heart
to desire your increased surrender of body,
Boul and spirit to the direction and govern-
ment of the Prince of Peace. He has called
you, I believe, to come and follow Him ; to
enter more fully than has as yet been the case,
into the work of this day, with the remem-
brance that the time is short. Lift up your
eyes and look upon the fields white unto har-
vest; and be willing to come to the Fountain
that is set open, enter and be healed. Fear
not with the fears of the wicked, but attend
to the dear Saviour's direction, Como unto me
all ye that labor and are heavy laden ; take
my yoke upon you ; and ye shall find rest unto
your souls. Ah! His yoke is easy and His
burden is light to the willing and obedient
ones. May the Shepherd of Israel be your
safe convoy through the intricate mazes of
this wilderness world ; support you by His
power; guide you bj" His counsel ; and grant
in the riches of His mercy and tender com-
passion, an abundant entrance into one of
those mansions which He hath prepared for
all those who love our Lord Jesus Christ in
sincerity. That this may be the portion of
every one of us prays your affectionate, in-
terested, attached and trembling sister,
S. HiLLMAN."
The following P. S. on the same sheet, is
from her companion, Regina Shober's hand.
It is no doubt addressed to Sarah Hillman's
mother: " I have been writing until my head
aches, so I can do little more than tell thee,
my dear friend, that thy Sarah is certainly
better than when we left home ; and gets along
I have no doubt altogether — however she may
feel at times — to her own comfort, and the
real comfort and satisfaction of all her friends
here. We travel in sweet unity and harmony
of feeling from place to place ; endeavoring to
do the best we can for each other. She is a
great deal better and more i'aithful than I am.
Love to all. Thine affectionately,
Eegina."
To her Mother.
" Fishing Creek, 7th mo. 15th, 1834.
My dear Mother,— Arrived here pretty well
except my poor back, which last night seemed
almost ready to give out owing to our having
so much travelling over very rough roads.
Nevertheless, through mercy, we have been
favored to get thus far without an accident
of any kind. At noon we leave this place for
Greenwood, and where we had a meeting last
First-day afternoon, to visit four families.
Then to-morrow we go thirty miles to Ber-
wick to visit two fiirailies. Next day return
to Catawissa and Roaring Creek, where are
three families. And from thence expect to
reach Maiden Creek on Seventh-day evening,
should nothing unforeseen occur.
* * * I sometimes think this may be the
finishing work of thy poor, unworthy child ;
and that her pilgrim daj's may be near clos-
ing. However that may be, I desire in all
things to be able to say, ' Thy will be done.'
Full well I know myself to be an unprofitable
servant; and mourn many times my unfaith-
fulness, &c. Yet can humbly acknowledge
the goodness and mercy of my good Master
during this arduous journey, in renewing my
faith from time to time, and granting fresh
supplies of strength from day to day; so that
I dare not but praise Him for past mercies,
and humbly beg for days to come.
Ah I my dear mother and sisters, you know
it is in fear and weakness and trembling, that
every step is taken ; and that every house we
go into is a fresh trial, and requires a fresh
anointing. I do most assuredly feel that I
need the help and prayers of all who are in-
terested in the spread of the gospel, and in
the extension of the reign and government of
the dear Redeemer. My fears are great ; but
I do know the work is not mine; and am
helped to believe that He who promised to
be with His poor disciples to the end of the
world, has never failed to fulfil His promise
to those who trusted in him. ' Fear not, worm
.lacob,' was sweetly revived in my remem-
brance, for I will help thee. This comforts
and consoles, and enables to make the appeal,
'My fears and doubts and cares,
Are known, O Lord, to thee;
Give me but strength to do Thy will,
And that sufEceth me.'
My poor heart desires strength to do as well
as suffer all that is required, however we may
be accounted by the wise of this world ! It
does seem to me there never was any one so
unqualified for such an awful mission ; and
yet I dare not doubt the coming to have been
right, nor that my Heavenly Shepherd has
been near at times. Oh I may He continue
to bo near and support to the end. I feel
this moment that I cannot take one step with-
out Him; and that it is truly in vain that
Paul plants, or Apollos waters, except He,
the great Husbandman, bless the labor, pros
per the work, cause the seed to take deep root
downward, and bless the springing thereof to
the bearing fruit to His own praise.
And now, my dear mother and sisters, with
brother T. and sister R., I do most afi:ection-
ately desire to commend you to the safe keep-
ing of the everlasting Shepherd. May He
preserve you by His power through faith
unto salvation, is the breathing of your sister
in tribulation. S. Hillman."
The language of our dear friend in the just
recorded letter, viz : •' You kno'sv it is in fear
and weakness and trembling that every step
is taken," &c., is very characteristic of the
good old Pilgrim's Progress, rough and slow,
but long-tried and sure way to the kingdom
of heaven. "Work out your own salvation
with fear and trembling," exhorts the apostle.
And thereto take away all boasting or pre-
suming, as though we were any thing, he sub-
joins, " For it is God (as ye are passive)
that worketh in you both to will and to do of
his own good pleasure." Again to the Corin-
thians, saith the same Christ-taught scholar:
" I was with you in weakness, and in fear,
and in much trembling. And my speech and
my preaching was not with enticing words
of man's wisdom, but in demonstration of the
Spirit and of power : that your faith should
not stand in the wisdom of men, but in the
poiver of God." " Truly," as said that gifted
seer, Isaac Penington on another occasion,
" here is man very weak and contemptible (to
the unanointed eye ;) but God veiy glorious
aiid powerful." The Lord's covenant was
with Levi of life and of peace; and He gave
it to him for the fear wherewith he feared
Him and was afraid before His name. Is not
this fear and trembling way, then, the true
waj' to know His covenant to be with us of
life and of peace, and grow in the mysterious
life of a once crucified, but now risen and
glorified Lord Jesus? Is not this the weak-
ness of God that is stronger than men ; and
the foolishness of God that is wiser than men '
Is not this the state that the Saviour's graci
and strength are specially promised and adapt'
ed to — the grace sufficient in every time o
need, and the strength that is made jjerfect ii'
weakness? Then in tlie humbling sense o'
this weakness and nothingness, this childlike
fear and trembling state, let us deeply lay th(
foundation of that quickened, inner life which
unknown to "the scribe," "the disputer o
this world," " the wise and prudent," is re
vealed unto babes, being hid with Christ ii
God. And instead of looking for any changi
in the self denying, flesh-abasing discipline o
the cross unto the heavenly crown, look rat he
for that indispensable transformation and re
newing in ourselves through submission to th(
all-powerful grace of the Lord Jesus, whicl
reconciles the chastened and subdued hear
to the one straight and narrow way tha •
changeth not and leadeth to life. For, cai
the way change when He who is the way ii!
eternal, and whose command is, that w/-
should follow His steps? How imperativi;
moreover to beware, lest the coveted changi'i
be only in our unhallowed imagination an(
effort, without the sanction of the Spirit o
Truth — our alone guide into all truth.
(To be continued.)
Scientific Notes.
A new street pavement has been tried ii
San Francisco. It is called " hydro-carbolisei
brick," and is made of soft, porous bricks boilc'
in coal-tar, which, it is said, renders ther!
tough and hard. A road-bed is made b;
levelling the sand and packing it with watei
A layer of prepared brick is then laid flatwisi
each brick being put in boiling tar as it is pu
down. This is overlaid by a second coure
of prepared bricks, put edgewise, each brie
dipped as before. The interstices are the
filled with boiling tar, and the whole coven?
with a thin laj'er of screened gravel. Th
cost is about 37 cents per squai-e foot.
An elaborate report has recently been mad
by the London City Surveyor on accidents t
horses, in an attempt to settle the question a
to what was the best pavement for carriagi
ways. He had notes taken of the number (
horses fallingon the asphalte, granite and woo(
paved road-ways of the city. The followin
table indicates the average number of mile
travelled by a horse before falling on each (
these three kinds of pavement — both in dr
and wet weather :
Asphalte, . . .223 dry. 192 wet.
Granite, .... 78 " 537 "
Wood, . . . . 646 " 432 "
The advantages as to safety ajjpear to I
very decidedly in favor of wood.
A patent has recently been obtained in Eii;
land for the preparation of "Savory Austr:
lian Meat." The meat is chopped fine, mii
gled with condiments, dried at a temperatui
of about 400° Fahr., and then canned in tb
usual way. The meat thus prepared is sal
to be excellent in every respect.
Richardson, the Geological Surveyor to tt
Dominion of Canada, reports in glowing tera'
of the mineral treasures of Vancouver's Islan
and the neighborhood. Iron, coal, coppe
marble, &c., exist in large quantities. 0
Texada Island, the iron is in the shape of hiij.
mountains, and of fine quality, while limestoi:
and bituminous coal are found in abundance i
the immediate vicinity.
THE FRIEND.
239
A new biscuit, composed of one-third rye
our, one-third beef reduced to powder, and
ne-third pulverised sauerkraut, was used by
he Russian troops in their recent expedition
3 Khiva. It is said to have been much ro-
shed by the soldiers, and to have preserved
tiem in excellent health.
As an illustration of the mildness of the
ast winter in Great Britain, at a meeting of
fie Edinburg Botanical Society, 13S species
f flowers were laid on the table, which were
icked in the Society's garden on the first
ay of the year. Thirty-five of these were
pring-blooming plants, while the remainder
rere summer and autumn bloomers not yet
^ad or killed.
, The planting of cinchona in India is, it is
;ated, proving to bo a profitable speculation,
part from the intrinsic benefits conferred by
16 increased production of the valuable bark.
X a recent sale as much as 5^;. 9d. per pound
ras given for a lot of bark. The experiment
!)8t altogether about £70,000, including the
ixpenses of Markhain's visits to Peru and
adia. The annual sales now realize a profit
f between four and five thousand pounds,
ms yielding a satisfactory interest on the
spendituro.
The committee appointed by the Royal
jgricultural Society on the potato-disease
jaestion, have recommended to the council
the Society, to offer three prizes of £100
ich, for disease-proof potatoes. Competi-
»r8 are to send in a given quantity of their
ibers, which the committee will distribute
) growers in various parts of the kingdom,
id those potatoes which resist the disease the
rst year, will be tried for two years more,
rizes will also be offered for disease-proof
jtatoes raised from seed, to compete in 1879.
It 18 announced from Vienna, that a pro-
IS8 for facilitating the fertilization of plants,
IB proved successful in the botanical gardens
lere. The process consists simply in touch-
g the end of the pistil — that is, the stigma
■in a flower, with a pencil dipped in honey,
■, better, in honey having mixed in it some
)llen of the plant to be operated on. A
'ibiscus vtexicanus, which had never yielded
ait, having undergone this treatment, pro-
iced quite a large quantity of good seeds.
1th several fruit trees the process also suc-
eded. After operating on certain branches
'ily of trees which did not yield fruit, it was
;,und that fruit formed on these, while the
i-anches left in the natural state gave none,
he effect, if real, may be explained by sup-
)8ing that the honey retains the pollen
ains on the stigma, and thus favors the
irmation of a pollen tube, which is indis-
■'.nsable to the fertilization.
Asljestos. — This material, prepared in a
eoial manner for steam-packing, is now
most exclusively used for that purpose by
imc large steam companies in Liverpool,
is manufactured in Glasgow by the " Asbes-
s I'ueking Company," and is in great favor
ith several railway companies for cylinders,
'le raw material is imported from several of
e Western States of America, and also from
aly, where it exists abundantly.
The Birth of an Iceberg. — It would be im-
possible, with mere words alone, to convey
any adequate idea of the action of this new-
born child of the Arctic frosts. Think of a
solid lump of ice, a third of a mile deep, and
more than half a mile in lateral diameter,
hurled, like a mere toy, away into the water,
and set to rolling to and fro bj' the impetus of
the act as if it were nature's merest football;
now down one side, until the huge bulk was
nearly capsized ; then back again ; then down
the other side once more with the same un-
resisting force ; and so on, up and down, and
down and up, swashing to and fro for hours
before it conies finally to rest. Picture this,
and you will have an image of power not to
be seen by the action of any other force upon
the earth. The disturbance of the water was
inconceivable fine. Waves of enormous mag-
nitude were rolled up with great violence
against the glacier, covering it with spray;
billows came tearing down the fiord, their
progress marked by the crackling and crumb-
ling ice, which was everywhere in a stale of
the wildest agitation for the space of several
miles. Over the smaller icebergs the water
broke completely, as if a tempest was piling
up the seas and heaving them fiercely against
the shore. Then to add still further to the
commotion thus occasioned, the great, wal-
lowing iceberg, which was the cause of it all,
was dropping fragments from its sides witli
each oscillation, the reports of the rupture
reaching the ear above the general din and
clamor.
Other bergs were set in motion by the waves,
and these also dropped pieces from their sides ;
and at last, as if it were the grand finale of
the piece — the clash of cymbals and the big
liass drum of nature's grand orchestra — a
monstrous berg near the middle of the fiord
split in two ; and, above the sound of break
ing waters and falling ice, this last disruption
filled the air with a peal that rang among the
liergs and crags, and, echoing from hill to hill,
died away only in the void beyond the moun-
tain tops, while, to the noisy tune, the ice
bergs of the fiord danced their wild, ungainly
dance upon the waters. It was many hours
before this state of wild unrest was succeeded
by the calm which had preceded the com-
mencement of it ; and when, at length, the ice-
berg that had been born came quietly to rest,
and the other icebergs had ceased their dance
upon the troubled sea, and the waves had
ceased their lashing, it seemed to me that, in
beholding this birth of an iceberg, I had be-
held one of the most sublime exhibitions ol
the great forces of nature. It was, in truth,
a convulsion. — Dr. Hat/sLand of Desolation.
A CHEERFUL GIVEK.
' Lay up for yourselves Treasures in Heaven."
Jesus loves the cheerful giver,
And He surely will reward:
Whosoever givelh freely,
Only lendeth to the Lord.
THE FRIEND.
THIRD MONTH 14. 1874.
There is a certain kind of knowledge which
is gained by experience alone ; and the acqui
sition of that experience necessarily requires
time and opportunity. Hence the common pro-
verb, that "old heads are not to be looked for
on young shoulders." The lesson this teaches
or should teach is, that those who have passed
over the " slippery paths" of youth, owe it as
a duty, to make their experience available for
guiding those who are still in those paths, so
as to assist in guarding them from their many
concealed dangers.
Children are soon sensible, and may be early
taught there are two antagonistic' principles
in them ; the one natural, prompting to self-
iidulgenco and sin ; the other s])iritual, re-
straining from wrong-doing, and inciting to
do that which is right. The former, afford-
ing or promising immediate gratification, but
succeeded by discontent if not remcrsc ; the
latter, requiring the denial of self, but when
obeyed, rewarding with lasting peace. The
one speaks as with the wisdom of Solomon,
'Rejoice, O young man, in thy youth, and let
thj- heart cheer thee in the daj's of thj- youth ;
and walk in the waj's of thy heart, and in the
sight of thine eyes;" while the other, with a
wisdom greater than Solomon's, utters the
warning voice, ''But know thou that for all
these things, God will bring thee into judg-
ment. Therefore remove sorrow from thy
heart, and ])ut away evil from thy flesh ; for
childhood and youth are vanity." This im-
plies the doctrine of rewards and punishment,
necessarily, from the condition of things in
this world, not limited to this life, but reacli-
ina: forward to the life that is to come.
The religion of Christ represents not only
love, light and saving mercy, but equally the
crucifi.xion of the evil propensities, safe guid-
ance through the thicklj- strewed dangers of
existence, and support under afflictions of
every kind. The right enjoyment of all these,
is inseparably connected with obedience to the
measure of Divine Grace which He has be-
stowed on all, in order to bring them salva-
tion. It is, therefore, of vital importance that
the minds of children should be early impress-
ed with these truths, if those who have their
training are sincerely concerned they shall
secure the blessing of preservation from evil,
and press towards the mark of christian per-
fection in this life, and the eternal reward of
the righteous in the world to come.
The education of the young, if rightly con-
ducted, must then rest on a solid foundation of
religion and virtue. If it is desired that the after
character, shall approximate to the model of the
):ierfect man portrayed in the New Testament,
there must be clearly recognized and rightly
appreciated, this central governing power of
the Grace of God, to mould the whole man to
the pattern set, by its enlightening, restrain-
ing and transforming influence. The acqui-
sitiion of knoweledge alone, will by no means
suffice, for it ma}' be used in the cause of evil,
as well as in that of good ; and the strength
it affords, unless controlled by this superna-
tural gift, adds, perhaps, as much to the
enormity of crime, as, under that control, it
contributes to the defense and promotion of
virtue.
Were children taught these cardinal chris-
tian principles, not only bj' persuasive precept,
but by the more impressive instruction of ex-
ample, the}' would not bo slow to understand
and embrace them, and our seminaries would
become not merely schools for obtaining know-
ledge, but the nurseries of piety. The power-
ful influence of habit would lend its aid in
implanting and applying the principles and
practices which make up the christian char-
acter ; and so far from there being a disposi-
tion to shrink from acknowledging our self-
denying religion, teachers and pupils would
rejoice in its exhibition, from the heartfelt
conviction that " The fear of the Lord is the
beginning of wisdom, and to depart from evil
a good understanding."
Thuswhile the intellectwas being developed,
240
THE FRIEND.
in the efforts to appropriate the knowledge
embodied in the books of study, it would be
kept healthy and in rightly directed growth,
from the impulse rect-ived by obedience to the
supernatural Source of christian morals, and
the investigations and discoveries of science
and philosophy, would be rectified and applied
under the influence of that light which ema-
nates from Ilini who was with God in the
beginning, and without whom nothing " was
made, that was made."
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
Foreign. — A di.'ipatch has been received at the War
Office, London, from Sir Garnet Wolseley, dated the
7th ull., saying : " Coonjassie has been captured and
burned. The king has tied. The British troops com-
menced their return march unhindered." Another dis-
patch, dated the 9th ult., says: " Ashantee messengers
have just arrived requesting a treaty of peace. I will
remain with the native troops until the 13lh or 14th, to
allow time for negotiations." A transport has arrived
at St. Vincent with the first detachment of troops of the
Ashantee expedition returning to Europe.
Lord Northbrook, Viceroy and Governor General
of India, telegraphs to the Indian Office that it is ex-
pected the government will be obliged to maintain three
millions of people for three months. The expenditures
on account of the famine to the end of the Second
month, are estimated at $7,500,000.
The new British Parliament assembled on the 5th
inst. The opening proceedings in the House of Lords
were formal and uninteresting. In the House of Com-
mons a Conservative member proposed that Brand,
Speaker of the last House, be declared Speaker of the
present House. After eulogistic speeches the motion
was carried by an unanimous vote.
Gladstone was most warmly received by the Liberal
members when he entered the hall and took a seat on
the first opposition bench. The impression that Glad-
stone has declined the active leadership of the opposi-
tion during the coming session is confirmed. The
Marquis of Hartinglon is mentioned as his probable
successor.
The search of tlie cellars of Parliament buildings,
which has been customary since the gunpowder plot,
was made before the assembling of the Lords and Com-
mons.
It is remarkable that the Lord-Mayor of London, the
Lord-Mayor of Dublin, and the Lord-Provost of Edin-
burgh, have all three been returned to serve in the new
Parliament.
Proceedings are about to be instituted against several
prominent persons on the charge of entering into a
conspiracy to get possession of the Tichborne estate.
Charles Orton has made a confession, which is pub-
lished in the Globe, that the claimant is his own brother.
London, 3rd mo. 9th. — Consols 92. U. S. 5 per
cents, 103{.
Liverpool. — Uplands cotton, 7|d. ; Orleans, 8Jd. Red
western spring wheat, lis. 4d. a 12s. per 100 lbs.
The reported capture of Bilboa by the Carlist forces
was premature. At the latest dates it still held out,
and the government was making great eflibrts for its
relief. Marshal Serrano had arrived in the vicinity of
the beseiged city. The total number of Republican
troops operating against the Carlists in the north of
Spain, is stated to be 65,000. Bilboa is subjected to a
constant bombardment from the Carlist batteries.
A Madrid dispatch says : The aggressive movements
of the Carlists has served to arouse a feeling on the part
of the people to aid the government by all the means
in their power to crush the insurrection. Telegrams
have been received from provincial authorities ofi'ering
moral and material support.
The German Federal Council has ordered to be dis-
tributed to the States of the Empire, a further instal-
ment of 42,000,000 dollars of the French indemnity.
A Berlin dispatch says : In the Reichstag the motion
under discussion to deprive the Governor of Alsace of
power to declare a state of siege, Bismarck made a
strong speech against the motion. He declared that he
never expected that Alsace would greet our institutions
with applause, .\lsace shared the responsibility of the
war. The motion was rejected by a vote of 138 to 70.
At Niederplanitz, near Zwickau, in Saxony, a vast
bed of coal has been burning for over three hundred
years. The ground above this subterranean bed of fire
has become thoroughly warmed by this time, and an
ingenious gardener has utilized it by planting upon it
a large nursery garden. Here he raises tropical plants
of all kinds, with exotic fruits, which flourish with a
vigor and luxuriance in the open air that the best forc-
ing-house could not ensure.
A Paris dispatch of the 6th says : An order has been
issued by the Minister of the Interior, prohibiting the
sale of photographs of Count de Chambord.
In the Assembly, to-day, M. Chri.stophle, Radical,
asked why the government tolerated the Figaro news-
paper, which advised President MacMahon to execute
a coup d'etat, and treated with so much rigor the Dix
Nenvieme Siede for its remarks in regard to the Presi-
dent of the Assembly.
The Duke de Broglie replied that tlie Figaro sup-
ported the conservative policy, and had promptly dis-
avowed the objectionable article. In the vote which
followed, the Assembly supported the government by
a vote of 388 to 311.
The French Academy's postponement in the con-
templated reception to Emile Olivier is because he per-
sists in retaining in his inaugural address a eulogy of
Emperor Louis Xapoleon.
A Berlin dispatch of the 9th says: The arrest of the
Bishop of Treves last week caused much excitement
among the Catholic population. It was followed to-day
by the forcible closing of the Seminary attached to the
Bishop's See, in accordance with the decrees of the
courts and orders of the government.
Dispatches from General Wolseley were received in
London on the 9th, in which he says : No means were
left untried to effect a peaceful solution of the cam-
paign. The kings palace was not touched till the last
hour, and the troops left Coomassia without one article
of plunder. The streams and marshes were swollen by
rain, impeding the homeward movement of the troops.
Of 34 officers sent out from England, four were killed,
seven wounded, and three died of fever.
UNiTEr> States. — Miscdlaneous. — The Temperance
agitation which commenced recently in the western
States continues, and in some places has caused many
of the drinking hou.ses to be closed.
In Philadelphia, New York and other cities, where
intemperance is a great curse, the public attention has
been in measure turned to the need of remedies for the
evil. In Philadelphia the law of 18.55 prohibiting the
sale of all intoxicating drinks on the first day of the
week, has for a long time been totally disregarded, the
taverns, liquor saloons, &c , being open as usual, and
the sales on that day being larger than any other. The
number of places where such drinks are sold is very
large, amounting, it is stated, to nearly one for every
hundred inhabitants of the city. In consequence of
earnesc representations made to the Mayor, he issued a
proclamation on the 7th inst., inviting the citizens to
co-operate with the authorities in enforcing the law,
and announcing that orders had been issued to the
police force to aid in bringing violators of its provisions
to justice. On the 8th inst. there was a general observ-
ance of the law, there being no outward indications that
many of the saloon-keepers were violating it as here-
tofore.
In New York city last week there were 488 inter-
ments.
In Philadelphia lasst week there were 311 interments,
including 53 deaths of consumption and 27 inflamma-
tion of the lungs.
.According to the report of the chief engineer of the
Philadelphia water works, there was a daily average of
38,967,667 gallons pumped at all the works throughout
the year 1873. The Fairmount works furnished daily
24,077,029 gallons. The engineer thinks that measures
should be taken immediately for a further enlargement
of the water supply.
The bill which passed the House of Representatives
in relation to the Centennial celebration at Philadel-
phia, met with much opposition in the U. S. Senate.
.\n amendment instructing the committee on appro-
priations to report an appropriation not exceeding
83,000,000 towards defraying the expenses of the Ex-
hibition, was rejected by a decided vote. As amended
and referred the bill simply reads : " Be it enacted, ic.
That the President be requested to extend a respectful
and cordial invitation to the Governors of each one of
the United States to be represented and take part in the
National Exhibition, to be held in Philadelphia under
the auspices of the United States, in the year, 1876."
All references to an International Exposition are omit-
ted, and no aid financially is to be expected from the
government.
During the last six months 259 illicit distilleries have
been suppressed, more than half of which were found
in North Carolina and Tenne.s.see.
Millard Fillmore, ex-President of the United States,
died in Buffalo, N. Y., on the 8th inst., aged 74 years.
Travel on the Central Pacific Railroad has be I
temporarily suspended by a heavy fall of snow. (
the 9th inst. the snow in Summit Valley lay twent
five feet deep on a level. All the freight trains caug
in the snow were of necessity abandoned.
The Markets, &c. — The following were the quotatio
on the 9th inst. New York. — American gold, 11]
U. S. sixes, 1881, 119 a 119J ; ditto, 5-20, 1867, 118^
119; ditto, 10-40, 5 per cents, 113. Superfine flou
$5.75 a $6; State extra, $6.35 a * 6.55 ;. finer branci
$7 a $10.75. No. 1 Chicago spring wheat, $1.58; N
2 do., $1.53; red western, SI. 65 ; amber Penna., $1.7j
white Michigan, $1.80. Oats, 63 a 66 cts. Westei
mixed corn, 85 a 88 cts. for new, 88 a 89 cts. for ol.
yellow 88 a 89 cts. Philadelphia. — Uplands and Ne
Orleans cotton, 16 a 17 cts. Carolina rice, 8 a 8| ct
Superfine flour, $5 a $5.50; extras, $6 a $6..50; fim
brand.s, »7 a $10.25. Red wheat, $1.60 a S1.6.;
amber, $1.70 a $1.73 ; white, $1.78 a S1.85. Rye, 92
94 cts. Yellow corn, 79 a 81 cts. Oats, 58 a 61 ct
Lard, 9^^ a ^ cts. About 2500 beef cattle sold at th
Avenue Drove-yard, extra at 7]^ a 7 J cts. per lb. gross
fair to good, 6 a 7 cts., and common, 4.> a 5i cts. Shec
sold at oh a 7| cts. per lb. gross, and hogs at $8.25
SS.37 per 100 lb. net for corn fed. Baltimore. — Choii
white wheat, $1.80; Penna. red, $1.67 a $1.72; Oh
and Indiana, $1.56; spring, $1.45 a $1..55. Westei
mixed corn, 81 a 83 cts.; yellow, 78 a 80 cts. Oats, {
a 59 cts. CAieai/o.— Spring extra flour, S5.50 a $5.7
No. 1 spring wheat, $1.24; No. 2 do., $1.2U ; No.
do., $1.10. No. 2 mixed corn, 63 cts. No. 2 oats, 43 |
cts. Rye, 86 cts. Spring barley, $1.38 a f 1.52. It-
Louis. — No. 2 winter red wheat,, $1.60 ; No. 3 red fa)
$1.48; No. 2 spring, $1.23. Corn, 60 a 61 cts. No.
oats, 47 cts. No. 2 spring barley, $1.75.
TRACT ASSOCIATION OF FRIENDS.
The Annual Meeting of the Tract Association ,
Friends, will be held in the Committee-room of Arc,
Street Meeting-house, on Fourth-day, the 25th instan
at 8 o'clock, p. M. Friends are cordially invited to 1'
present. Edward Maris,
Third month, 1874. Clerk.
FRIENDS' SELECT SCHOOLS.
A teacher is wanted for the Girls' School on Severn
street, to enter upon her duties in the Ninth mo. nes
Application may be made to
Charles Ellis, 1734 Chestnut street, ' |
Maria B. Taylor, 631 North Seventh street.!'
i I
ANNUAL MEETING OF THE CONTRIBUTOI, ,
TO THE ASYLUM.
A Stated Annual Meeting of tlie " Contributors
the Asylum for the Relief of Persons Deprived of tl
use of their Reason," will be held on Fourth-day, tl (
18th of Third month, 1874, at 3 o'clock, P. M., at An i
Street Meeting-house, Philadelphia. \ i
William Settle, Clerk
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL. '
As the stations of Superintendent and M.atronof th
In.stitution are expected to be vacated at the close of tl
Winter Session, in the 4th month next, Friends wl
may feel drawn to undertake the duties attached
them, are requested to communicate thereon witheith
of the following named members of the Committee.
Nathaniel N. Stokes, Cinnaminson Post-offic
Burlington Co., N. J. ' ;
Charles Evans, No. 702 Race St., Philadelphia
Deborah Rhoads, H;uldonfield, N. J.
Rebecca S. Allen, No. 335 S. Fifth St., PhU,ad
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE.
Near Frank'ford, (Twenty-third Ward,) Philadelphia
Physician and Superintendent — Joshua H. Wort
INGTON, M. D.
Applications for the Admission of Patients may
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Board ,
Managers.
Died, in Scipio, Cayuga Co., New York, 2d mo. lOt,
1874, aged 54 years, Ann H. Cook, wife of Nathi
Cook, a beloved and consistent member of the religio.
Society of Friends. Her relatives and friends have tl
comforting evidence and belief that ber end was peat,
, in Camden, N. J., on the 24th of Second mont^
1874, Rebecca Lewis, in the ninety-second year of h
age, a member of the late Southern District Month.:
Meeting of Friends of Philadelphia. |
" WILLIAM H. PILE, PRINTER. i
No. 422 Walnut Street. ]
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. XLVII.
SEVENTH-DAY, THIRD MONTH 21, 1874.
NO. 31.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
•■ice Two Dollars per annum, if paid in advance. Two
■ dollars and fifty cents, if not paid in advance.
Subacriptiona and Payments receJTed by
JOHN S. STOKES,
iT NO. 116 NORTH FOURTH STREET, UP 3TAIBS,
PHILADELPHIA.
)Btage, when paid quarterly in advance, five cent.s.
For "The Friend."
Joiin Heald.
(Continued front page 235.)
"1st mo. 6th, 1819. Wont to Batavia. In
is place our conductor and three others were
iprisoned ten da}"8 in last month on a raili-
'ry account, in cold weather, where they
ifi'ered more than confinement.
,7th. Attended Batavia Meelinr^; most of
lem were of other societies, and not much
tquainted with silent waiting. I sat a con-
:rierable time, and then said : I find it ueces-
fry for me to avoid speaking in this waj' in
yy i)wn will, and also that my own will does
I't hinder me when I ought to speak; and took
(casion to show that we should learn to know
( r tluty, and to yield obedience to Divine re-
< iring. I put forth my own sheep, said the
l)od Shepherd, and go before them, and my
feep hear mj- voice, but the voice of a
ranger they will not follow. I went on to
Eow, that if we are His disciples, a disciple
ia scholar, and if we are His scholars, then
M should learn of Him ; learn obedience to
].m. Ye are my friends, if ye do whatsoever
Jsommand you. If ye love me, keep my com-
Undments.
After dining at Isaac Shotwell's, in the
<ening, most of the heads of the families of
lis meeting being present, a good opportu-
i-y took place. I repeated the beforesaid
lutence, and told them, I thought much de-
Jnded on them, in regard to the welfare and
josperity of their meeting. I felt ability to
€eourage to faithfulness. Much tenderness
speared, and I felt thankfulness for the
f-or."
A.fter visiting several other meetings in
Western New York, J. Heald saj'S : '-ISth.
^3 attended a meeting in a dwelling-house,
[■;ar the home of Caleb Macomber, who re-
6 ed about sixteen miles from Kochester], It
\,8 to me a dull, heavy, exercising time. I
8d, To our own Master we must stand or fall,
ai went on to show our accountability to our
l.ster; that it was better for us to be severe
al censorious with ourselves than others ;
t it it would tend more to our true interest,
all love would be more our feeling, if we
yre more disposed to forgive injuries. Who
a thou that accusest another's servant to his
nster? Friends, we profess to believe in a
principle of light and truth and grace, which
condemns us in ourselves for wrong doing,
and in doing right we feel no condemnation ;
but profession is one thing, and possession is
another. Each [should be] intent on attend-
ing to his own business, and more exact with
himself than others, knowing that to our own
Master we must either stand or fall. If in
preaching, we are condemned for it in our-
selves, or in withholding we are condemned,
to our own Master we are accountable, and
must everj- one receive our own reward for
our own work. William Hubbard, I after-
wards understood, was at this meeting, he
who wrote what he called the errors of the
(Quakers.
2l8t. The daj' after Farmington Quarterly
Meeting, was a great meeting for worship,
and I thought eminently favored, and in a
distinguished manner overshadowed with
Heavenly regard. In the forepart my feel-
ings were much tried, but in the latter part,
and while dear Phebe Field was bearing tes-
timonj-, I sat and comfortably partook of the
repast, as she with demonstrative clearness
and good language, held out the invitation to
join in to help support the glorious cause,
dignified with the crown of immortality. O !
how precious wa,s the season,. Near the close
I felt it to be my duty to add a little in con-
firmation, and to bind or rivet the testimony.
She then entered into supplication, and thus
sweetly ended this favored meeting.
28th. At Scipio Monthly Meeting, in which
I delivered a testimony, expressing a fear I
felt, that some were in danger of falling into
disgrace, and piercing themselves through
with many sorrows, and bringing reproach
on the precious cause ; and that the deviation
began in a secret indulgence in wrong prac-
tices. O ! the effects of wrong indulgence.
We lodged at Joseph Tallcot's.
29th. Attended North Scipio Meeting, held
at Charles Gifford's. I soon felt my mind
turned to a remembrance of Pharaoh's butler.
I stood up and said, 'I this day remember my
faults ;' and referred to Joseph who was sold
into Egypt ; and in tracing the account several
instructive statements presented, — as Ids obe-
dience when sent, the effect of resentment in
his brethren, and his faithfulness in resisting
temptation after he was sold into servitude.
When we remember our faults, they afford us
no real satisfaction, but contrariwise a certain
secret dissatisfaction. I had a lengthy labor,
but got through in a way to increase the at-
tention of some who needed to be stirred up.
There is an expectation in the reprover, that
such as are reproved are capable of amending;
that they are worthy of notice, and not aban-
doned. I believe it is a wrong idea in some
who take offence at rebuke, as if what was
aimed at was degrading them and making
their character odious. This seems to me to
bo taking the dark and unfavorable side to
view. If they would consider it as a mark of
attention and regard, and lend an ear to hear,
if flu' reprover be a wise one, what a benefit
would be gained; for the re]n'Oofs of instruc-
tion are the way[to^life. 1 was favored to
bring divers important views before the peo-
ple, and the minds of many were brought to
a solemn quiet.
2nd mo. 2nd. Went to Hector. M3- com-
panion had eaten nothing after meeting at
Salmon Creek [the day before] until ho left
me and went back to see a friend. 1 doubted
the propriety of his going back, but he was
resolute to go as well as not to cat, which
caused unpleasant sensations to those we were
among ; and I have had some sensations not
pleasant, since parting with him, as well as
before, when thinking he refused to take ad-
vice, but would take his own way.
3rd. A considerable meeting assembled. I
felt destitute, my companion away, and try-
ing sensations occurred ; but I endeavored to
be quiet, and in a while I felt a renewal of
strength to bear testimony to the all-suffi-
ciency of grace and Truth. My mind was
enabled to rise above the discouragements and
depressions, and I acknowledged the favor
with thankfulness. The minds of the people
seemed to be settled and solemnized, and a
feeling of tenderness was, I believed, wit-
nessed.
7th. Went to Sempronius and attended
their meeting, being First-day. The house was
not large enough, and but few were Friends.
After some time I found my way to engage
in testimony, and 1 entered on it with fear,
and earnest desire for preservation ; but I was
favored in it to my humble admiration, and
many felt the weight. It was a time of re-
membering favors; for I showed how some
endured great trials that we are exempt from,
to have a conscience void of offence toward
God ; and compared their privations with our
favored privileges and en joj'ments. How easy
we are while thus favored, as if our own peace
was of less importance to us than theirs to
them. O! how I am filled with love to the
people, but O ! how kind the Heavenly Father
is to supply this love.
8th. Having Job Kenyon for a conductor,
we rode to Do Ruyter to Benjamin Mitchell's.
9th. I have walked the floor in silent and pen-
sive thinking on tho present situation 1 am
in, waiting a day for the people to tell one
another that we are come and want to see
them, and thinking too how poor a ereatui'o
I am, and how weak an instrument, ^nd
whether I might not have saved a little time
by pressing on ; and in the present case, by
having a meeting to-day. C) ! tho working of
the mind, and esjieciallj' when deeply trying
exercise is drawing on renewedly to labor
through. How shall expression bring to view
the ideas that now and manj' other times press
upon my mind. O Lord, thou knowest my
heart, thou knowest I desire to serve thee,
thou knowest how weak my capacity is, and
how limited, how small, my abilities are to
be engaged in so great a work. Thou hast
242
THE FRIEND.
seen meet to try and humble me too, and now
be pleased to bo with mo through the deeps,
if through the deeps be the way for me to go.
Eemember in gracious kindness, if it please
thee, my beloved wife, whom thou knowest
that I love, and soothe her sad forebodings,
and comfort her with the incomes of thy kind-
ness and love. And O be pleased to bear up
her mind and save it from sinking in discour-
agement. Be pleased graciously to watch over
my dear children for good. Ah thou knowest
how often the secret breathing prayer of my
heart has been to thee for them. But in order
to be given up to follow thee, I have left these
dear objects of my love, and thou knowest the
feeling of my tried mind on their account."
Of the meeting held at De Jtuyter the fol-
lowing day, J. Heald remarks, that he thought
it an instructive opportunity.
CTo be contioned.)
*-»
Animal Cliaracter.
(Coutinued from page ioO.)
THE CAT.
One evening before dinner-time the present
writer had occasion to go into a dining-room
where the cloth was already laid, the glasses
all in their places on the sideboard and table,
and the lamp and candles lighted. A cat,
which was a favorite in the house, finding the
door ajar, entered softly after me, and began
to make a little exploration after liis manner.
I have a fancy for watching animals when
they think thej' are not ob.served, so I affected
to bo entirely absorbed in the occujjation
which detained mo there, but took note of the
cat's proceedings without in any way inter-
rupting them. The first thing ho did was to
jump upon a chair, and thence upon the side-
board. There was a good deal of glass and
plate upon that piece of furniture, but noth-
ing as yet which, in the cat's opinion, was
worth purloining : so he brought all his paws
together on the very edge of the board, the
two forepaws in the middle, the others on
both sides, and sat balancing himself in that
attitude for a minute or two. whilst ho con-
templated thelongglittering vista of the table.
As yet there was not an atom of anything
eatable upon it, but the cat probably thought
he might as well ascertain whether this were
80 or not by a closer inspection, for with a
single spring he cleared the abyss and alighted
noiselessly on the table-cloth. He walked all
over it and left no trace ; he passed amongst
the slender glasses, fragile-stemmed, like air-
bubbles cut in half and balanced on spears of
ice ; yet he disturbed nothing, broke nothing,
anywhere. When his inspection was over he
slipped out of sight, having been perfectly in-
audible from the beginning, so that a blind
person could only have suspected his visit by
that mysterious sense which makes the blind
aware of the presence of another creature.
This little scene reveals one remarkable
characteristic of the feline nature, the innate
and exquisite refinement of its behavior. It
would be infinitely difficult, probably even im-
possible, to communicate a delicacy of this
kind to any animal by teaching. The cat is
a creature of the most i-efined and subtle per-
ceptions natui'ally. Why should she tread so
carefully? It is not from fear of olfending
her master and incurring punishment, but be-
cause to do so is in conformity with her own
ideal of behavior ; exactly as a \a.dy would
feel vexed with herself if she broke anything
in hor own drawing-room, though no one
would blame her maladresse and she would
never feel the loss.
The contrast in this respect between cats
and other animals is very striking. I will not
wrong the noble canine nature so far as to
say that it has no delicacj', but its delicacy is
not of this kind, not in actual touch, as the
cat's is. The motions of the cat, being always
governed by the most refined sense of touch
in the animal world, are typical in quite a per-
fect way of what we call tact in the human
world. And as a man who has tact exercises
it on all occasions for his own satisfaction,
even when there is no positive need for it, so
a cat will walk daintily and observantly
everywhere, whether amongst the glasses on
a dinner-table or the rubbish in a farm-yard.
The quality of extreme caution, which
makes the eat avoid obstacles that a dog
would dash through without a thought, makes
her at the same time somewhat reserved and
suspicious in all the relations of her life. It
a cat has been allowed to run half-wild this
suspicion can never be overcome. There was
a numerous population of cats in this half-
wild state for some years in the garrets of my
house. Some of these were exceedingly fine,
handsome animals, and I very much wished
to get them into the rooms we inhabited, and
so domesticate them; but all my blandish-
ments were useless. The nearest apjjroach
to success was in the case of a superb white-
and-black animal, who, at last, would come to
me occasionally, and permit me to caress his
head, because I scratched him behind the ears.
Encouraged by this measure of confidence, I
went so far on one occasion as to lift him a
few inches from the ground : on which he be-
haved himself very much like a wild cat just
trapped in the woods, and for some daj'S after
it was impossible even to get near him. He
never came down stairs in a regular way, but
communicated with the outer world by means
of roofs and trees, like the other untameable
creatures in the garrets. On returning home
after an absence I sought him vainly, and
have never encountered him since.
All who have written upon cats are unani-
mous in the opinion that their caressing ways
bear reference simply to themselves. My cat
loves the dog and horse exactlj- with the
tender sentiment wo have for foot-warmers
and railway rugs during a journey in the
depth of winter, nor have I ever been able
to detect any worthier feeling towards his
master. Ladies are often fond of cats, and
pleasantly encourage the illusion that they
are affectionate; it is said too that very intel-
lectual men have often a liking for the same
animal. In both those cases the attachment
seems to be due more to certain other quali-
ties of the cat than to any strength of senti-
ment on his part. Of all animals that we can
have in a room with us, the cat is the least
disturbing. Dogs bring so much dirt into
houses that many ladies have a positive horror
of them ; squirrels leap about in a manner
highly dangerous to the ornaments of a draw-
ing-room; whilst monkeys are so incorrigibly
mischievous that it is impossible to tolerate
them, notwithstanding the nearness of the
relationship. But you may have a cat in the
room with you without anxiety about any-
thing except eatables. He will rob a dish if
he can get at it, but he will not, except by
the rarest accident, displace a sheet of paper
or upset an inkstand. The presence of a cat
is positively soothing to a student, as the pre-
sence of a quiet nurse is soothing to the irrita
bility of an invalid. It is agreeable to fee
that you are not absolutely alone, and it seean
to .you, as you work, as if the cat took car(
that all her movements should be noiseless
purely out of consideration for your comfoit
Then, if you have time to caress her, yo>
know that there will be purring responses
and why inquire too closely into the sinccritj
of her gratitude?
All other animals are stiff in comparisoi
with the felines, all other animals have ilis
tinctly bodies supported by legs, reminding
one of the primitive toy-maker's eonceptioi
of a quadruped, a cj^linder on four sticks, witl
a neck and head at one end and a tail at th(
other. But the cat no more recalls this rude
anatomy than does a serpent. From the tipi
of his whiskers to the extremities of tail anc
claws he is so much living india-rubber. Oot
never thinks of muscles and bones whilst look
ing at him, but onlj- of the reserved electric
life that lies waiting under the softness of th'
fur. What bursts of energy the creature ii
capable of! I once shut up a half-wild cat ii
a room and he flew about like a frightenec
bird, or like leaves caught in a whirlwind
He dashed against the window-panes liki
sudden hail, ran up the walls like arrestee
water, and flung himself everywhere witl
such rapidity that he filled as much space
and filled it almost as dangerously, as twenti
flashing swords. And yet this incredibly will
energy is in the creature's quiet habit sut
dued with an exquisite moderation. The ca
always uses precisely the necessary force
other animals roughly employ what strengtl
thej- happen to possess without reference t(
the small occasion. One day I watched i
young cat playing with a daff'odil. She sa
on her hind-legs and patted the flower wit!
her paws, first with one paw and then wit
the other, making the light yellow bell swa;
from side to side, yet not injuring a petal o
a stamen. She took a delight, evidently, ii
the very delicacy of the exercise, whereas
dog or a horse has no enjoyment of delicae;
in his own movements, but acts strongly whei
ho is strong, without calculating whether th
force used may not be in great part supei
fluous.
Cats have the advantage of being ver
highly connected, since the king of beasts i
their blood-relation, and it is certain that
good deal of the interest we take in them i
due to this august relationship. What th
merlin or the sparrow-hawk is to the goldei
eagle, the cat is to the great felines of th
tropics. The difterence between a domcsti
cat and a tiger is scarcely wider than tha
which separates a miniature pet dog from
bloodhound. It is becoming to the dignit
of an African prince, like Theodore of Aby>
sinia, to have lions for his household pel
The true grandeur and majesty of a brav
man are rarely seen in such visible supremac;
as when he sits surrounded by these terribi
creatures, he in his fearlessness, they in thei,
awe ; he in his defenceless weakness, the;
with that mighty strength which they dar
not use against him. One of my friends, dis
tinguishod alike in literature and science, bu
not at all the sort of person, apparently, t
command respect from brutes who canno
estimate intellectual greatness, had one da;
an interesting conversation with a lion-taraei
which ended in a still more interesting ej
periment. The lion-tamer afiirmed that ther-
THE FRIEND.
243
as no secret in his profession, that real coiir-
ore alone was necessary, and that any one
ho had the genuine gift of courage could
vfely eater the cage along with him. " For
sample, you yourself, sir," added the lion-
imer, "if you have the sort of courage I
ean, may go into the cage with me whcn-
rev 3'ou like." On this my friend, who has
fine intellectual coolness and unbounded
iientific curiosity, willinglj' accepted the otter.
id paid a visit to their majesties the lions in
le privacy of their own apartment. Thej-
iceived him with the politeness due to a
■ave man, and after an agreeable interview
several minutes he backed out of the royal
esence with the gratified feelings of a gentle
an who has just been presented at court.
• »
F.>r " The Fric-nd."
Memoirs and Letters of Sarah Hillman.
(Continued from page 229.)
To her Mother and Sisters.
"Baltimore, lOth mo. 1835.
Dear mother and Sisters, — We arrived here
ithout accident about half past three p. m.
hough at French Town just as the cars
opped, having reached their destination, the
heel of the one nest to ours came off. Had
e been going on rapidly as usual, it is likely
would have been attended with much dan-
Thus we were cared for.
Attended this morning the first sitting of
e Yearly Meeting of Ministers and Elders.
he little companj- of Friends met, came to-
ther, I believe, under an humbling sense of
eir stripped and peeled condition ; and like
8 multitude that was fed by the blessed Ee-
lemer with very small provision, they were
inistered unto by Ilis command, I trust,
hose comforting pi'esence seemed, on taking
r seats, to be with us, mercifully sustaining
8 poor, little, humble, trembling disciples,
d fulfilling to them Ills ever gracious pro-
ise : ' Lo ! I am with you always, even to the
d of the world.' My heart felt much, but
thout relief.
Truly there are few of the trees of the
)rd's forest left here, so that a little child
ly write them. Yet if there be but a ' few
rries on the top of some of the outmost
ughs,' that same blessed, heavenly Shepherd
10, through the mouth of His prophet said,
,. vineyard of red wine ; I the Lord do keep
I will water it every moment: lest any hurt
I will keep it night and day,' is very near
bless it, yea, to strengthen the little that
mains that it die not. May He bless and
isper His own work, saith my soul.
jWith dear love to you all, and to all en-
liring friends, your affectionate
Sarah Hillman."
To her Ilother.
"Salem, -5th mo. 31st, 1837.
•ear Mother, — We* arrived here, Clayton
[istar's, last eve about half past seven; hav-
g attended "Woodbury Monthly Meeting on
way down. It was very small, but I was
'id to be at it. Not that there was an
sounding, but a feeling of Divine mercy
larto gather and strengthen still to trust
i our ever-present Helper. Friends seemed
Jiased and thankful for even such a poor
^;it. Anne Tatum at whose house we lodged,
c«red her love to j'ou. She was truly sj-m-
Jthizing. We dined to-day at J. WhitaU's.
S. H. had for companion in this visit, Mary W.
I vis.
6th mo. 1st. This morning I feel swoetl}- think we might adopt the language of the
refreshed under a belief that as I have not poor woman who, when empiired of if she
entered into this warfare on vay own charges
He who knows the sacrifieo, because Himself
prepared it, will condescend to be with and
keep me ; be mouth and wisdom, tongue and
utterance ; and bring me back in peace.
Dear Clayton and Martha Wistar seem dis-
posed to do all they can to further the work.
We purpose dining after meeting at E. W.
Miller's, and then proceed to Greenwich this
evening. We may perhaps visit five families
between here and there on our return.
It is truly no light matter to stand as an
ambassadress for Christ : to be entrusted with
any measure of a gift of the ministrj- or word
of reconciliation ; and while I desire mercy to
be found faithful, I crave to be preserved from
saying one word more than is required, in any
shape or in any place. I cannot do less than
believe that every step taken in simple faith,
tends to strengthen in the christian race, and
adds a little to the preparation and meteness
to associate with the spirits of the redeemed
in our Heavenly Father's kingdom.
Mayest thou, my dear mother, be sustained
in my absence by the Great Shepherd and
Bishop of souls ; and that ray very dear sisters
may be increased in heavenly treasure, and
preserved in quiet peace and in health, is the
sincere desire of yours in the bonds of the
gospel, S. Hillman."
To her Mother.
"Salem, 6th mo. 4th, 1837.
Dear Mother, * * * I think I can say
to the praise of His grace, who never faileth
those who trust in Him, that thus far my
divine Lord and Master has been with me
and strengthened me. There is here a pre-
cious little company, who are, I believe, 'pre-
ferring Jerusalem to their chief joy.' And
under discouragements from the many weak-
nesses of flesh and spirit, arc endeavoring to
follow on to know Him, who hath loved them
and so marvellouslj- delivered them in d,iy.~
that are passed, when the blast of the terrible
one beat as a storm against their wall, and
when they found in Him a sanctuary. To
these my heart is united in the bonds of the
gospel.
"We attended the meetings as anticipated in
the last letter. Lodged at John Sheppard's;
and had a very precious season in his family
before parting. Then rode to Allowaystown,
where we visited J. and W. F. Reese's fami-
lies, and one or two others. We proceeded
yesterdaj' in the engagement allotted us here,
"in fearfulnejs and tremblin
» >
and after meet-
ing to-day expect to visit two or three fami-
lies; desiring to get through as soon as may
be, without improperly making haste ; but
above all desire so to attend to the directions
of our Almighty Helper as to return in peace,
feeling the answer in our hearts of having
done the little we could.
In C. and M. Wistar I find not onlj' truly
kind, but truly sympathizing friends and
helpers. Martha mentioned in the Monthly
Meeting her willingness to join in the work,
such was her unity with it; and her dear hus-
band, not less devoted, has given up himself
to go and take us. Thus banded we travel on
harmoniously together. Xot, it is true, with-
out descending into the deeps again and again,
causing me to feel what I am, and what 1 am
not. Through mercy strength for the day
has been apportioned to the service ; and I
acked any thing, at once responded, 'Noth-
ing, Lord.' May our hearts praise Him; for
trulj', ' I was brought low and he helped me.'
At evening, after the service of the day is
over, I have enjoyed a little the beauties of
the countr}' ai'ound me ; a picture which my
dear sisters would relish very much. The
flowers are abundant; and my ears are en-
gaged very early in the morning with the
notes of the many birds, chanting as it were
their songs of praise to their great Creator.
* * * The da}' of sifting, and trial
of the foundation upon which we have been
building has come, and is coming ; and none
but those who are builded upon the Hock, the
chief cornerstone elect and precious, can
stand. Every mans' work will be tried as btj
fire. May we each then be engaged to repair
to this foundation. Let us be willing to come
under the operation of the sword of the Spirit,
which is all-powerful in dividing between the
precious and the vile, and is a disccrner of the
thoughts and intents of the heart; that thus
we may be prepared to ' discern between the
righteous and the wicked; between him that
serveth God, and him that serveth him not.'
May the Lord in his mercy enable us to stand
in this evil day, and having done all to stand.
That when the awful, undeniable messenger
comes, we may be found ready, having oil in
our lamps, and they trimmed and burning.
With love, your affectionate, tribulated
child and sister,
S. Hillman."
(To be continned.)
Prepare for Spring.
It is a good rule, and applicable to all men,
whatever may be their occupation or pursuit
in life, to take a retrospective glance, at each
closing year, in order to avoid in the future,
if it be possible, errors of judgment and defects
in practice. Let us carefuU}' review the past
year and detect, if we can, the origin of failures
— for failures will occur — and also trace the
causes of success. The farmer who is con-
tent to give the past the go-by, and makes no
effort to profit by the experience it affords,
will make slow progress in his art. He will
always be behind-hand at seed-time and har-
vest ; the season of active labor will find him
impoverished ; while his more thoughtful
neighbor will get along without vexation or
delay.
With the latter evcrj- necessary want has
been anticipated ; the opening spring finds his
implements and machinery in order, the work-
ing stock well cared for and properly prepared
for the toil which awaits them. There is
usually a great deal of weather during Feb-
ruary and March when out door work cannot
be done, and all bad days can be spent to good
advantage in the shop in finishing up some of
the innumerable little jobs which in summer
were deferred until winter. Repair and oil
harness, and get an}' new that is wanted ; see
that the lines, traces, &c., are in good order.
Form some idea of the number of teams to be
worked, and have harness ready for all. Ex-
amine plows carefullj', and replace any broken
or weak parts, tighten the nuts well, and then
give the plow a good painting. Nothing pays
so well as to keep plows, harrows, reapers,
wagons, and all implements which are ex-
posed to the weather at times, well painted.
One day's work at painting during each winter
244
THE FRIEND.
will save many a dollar ia the course of a few
years.
If you Dccd a new reaper, order it now and
set it up, and see that it is all right and ready
for work.
If any new tools are needed it will pay to
buy early, as you generally get a better article,
and then there will be no difficulty in getting
a handsome discount. None but the very best
tools should be used ; they may cost more at
first, but the saving of muscle, to say nothing
about their durability and the diiference in
the work done, will soon pay for them. Oi
the handles of all the small tools, such as hoes,
forks, rakes, &c., with linseed oil ; it will pre-
vent the wood from shrinking, and the more
they are used the smoother they will get.
Just here let mo say that if the mold-board of
plows, and the parts of all other tools that
need to be kept bright, are coated with lin
seed oil as soon as the season's work is over
they will be in good order when wanted for
work again. Get the seeds to be used on the
farm ready. Don't wait until planting and
sowing time to make your selection ; or, if the
seeds are to be obtained from a distance order
them at once.
Now is the time to get a supply of wood
for the balance of the winter, and be sure to
get enough to last all next summer and fall
Have it cut read^- for use, and corded up so it
will keep dry. You will find such a woodpile
a great convenience in hot weather when you
are busy with work. Make gates for every
place on the farm where they are needed, and
don't have any tumbledown affairs, but make
good gates and hang them all, so thoy may
be opened easily. Eepair all the old fences,
and make new ones if needed. There is a
great deal of straw and other things wasted
which would make good manure, and our land
can never be made too rich. Have you an
orchard containing good varieties of fruit,
from the earliest to the latest? If not, don't
let another season pass without planting a
good selection of apricots, cherries, peaches,
plums, quinces, pears, and, best of all, have a
number of different varieties of apples, so you
will never be without them. Of course, every
body plants grapes, raspberries and straw-
berries. They require so little attention, if
rightly managed, and reward us so well for
the labor bestowed on them, that no one
should be without th'em.
The different things that should be attend-
ed to are not too numerous to mention. It is
a good plan to have a pencil and paper in
your pocket, and whenever you think of any-
thing you want write it down at once. This
will assist you very much in getting the little
things about the place attended to in good
time. Your memoranda will be good to refer
to in bad weather, and will remind you of
woi-k in the shop. There is nothing helps a
farmer along with his work so well as to have
everything ready, so that when planting time
comes he has nothing to do but plant and take
care of his crops. Everything seems to work
BO nicely ; there is no vexation or hurry about
the work ; all is done at the right time; the
crops grow better and there is a wonderful
difference in the amount realized for the labor
of the season. We all know that the farmer
works hard for the money he gets; but if
there were more management, and things
were done at the right time and in the right
way, our farmers would make a great deal
more money and make it easier, — 'Rural World.
Selected.
IS THIS THE WAY?
Ho! Christiau pilgrim, ho! and tell,
Is this the way to Zion's liill?
I long to fiml tlie shining road.
That leads to glory and to God,
But fear my 'wildered feet do stray
In sin's deceitful, devions way ;
O, if I'm lost, what shall I do?
Then tell me, pilgrim, tell me true.
I love in Kedar's tents to dwell,
I love the conrts of pleasure well ;
But God's own fury drove me thence,
I started but I knew not whence.
'Twas on a dark and dreadful track.
The burden still upon my back ;
No stop — no stay, for death was there,
But onward, on, in black despair.
jSfo certain way was in ray range,
But many, wild, divergent, strange;
The thorns would pierce my bleeding feet,
My strength be overcome with heat,]
Till weary, fainting, I did cry :
" Save me, O Lord, or else I die !"
'Twas then I heard one sweetly say,
"Come unto me, I am the way."
Methought it was my Saviour's voice
Bidding my weary wandering cease ;
A sweet repose — a holy calm
Came o'er me like delicious balm.
That is God's promised rest, I cried,
I'll pitch my tent and here abide,]
On Pisgah's raptured mount will stand
And gaze into the promised land.
I fondly dreamed my conflicts done.
But ah ! the race was to be won ;
And as toward the goal I hied, •
" Eternal good for me," I cried.
I thought I never more should stray
From out the peaceful, narrow way ;
But ah ! I blush with shame to tell
How oft I wandered — oft I fell.
'Tis true I sometimes catch a view
Of Calvary's hill, and- glory too ;
But dubious clouds will intervene — •
A veil still darkly hangs between,
A dread enwraps me like a pall
Lest I knew not the way at all —
Lest I but idly, vainly dream,
The victim of a fevered brain.
0 Pilgrim, I am lone and chill,
Is this the way to Zion's hill ?
Wilt thou not hold thy lamp on high,
Till I the heavenly road descry?
1 fear lest I mistake the track.
But cannot, dare not turn me back ;
Is this the way thou dost pursue?
Say, Pilgrim, is it thus with you ?
Selected.
THE TREE.
I love thee when thy swelling buds appear,
And one by one their tender leaves unfold.
As if they knew that warmer suns were near,
Xor longer sought to hide from winter's cold ;
And when with darker growth thy leaves are seen
To veil from view the early robin's nest,
I love to lie beneath thy waving screen.
With limbs by summer's heat and toil oppressed;
And when the autumn winds have stript thee bare.
And round thee lies the smooth untrodden snow,
When naught is thine that made thee once so fair,
I love to watch thy shadowy form below,
4nd through thy leafless arms to look above
On stars that brighter beam when most we need their
love. _
For "The Friend."
Farmers' Granges.
These associations have spread with won-
derful rapidity over the land, and the number
of their members is now very great. In the
Western States, where thoy originated, their
attention was at first especially turned to the
question of cheap railroad freights, a question
of great importance to those farmers who have
to send their produce a long distance to mar-
ket. In the Eastern States, the prineips
advantage claimed for them, is that of supplj
ing their members with machinery and otbe
merchandize at a cheaper rate than it can bi
procured through the ordinary channels. Ij
regard to a few articles, this is possible; bol
when we reflect that the margin of profit ol
most things that are bought and sold is notil
the average more than a moderate interest ol
the capital invested, and a fair compensatio'
for the labor bestowed by the merchant; it i'
evident that the inflated hopes of the men
bers of the Grange cannot be realized, in an
large measure. Inevitable disappointmen
awaits them.
It is with regret that the writer has bee
informed that several of the members of th
Society of Friends have joined these assoeir
tions. However innocent their motives, ye
it is inconsistent with their religious profei
sion to become members of a secret organizf
tion, and they are in danger of finding then
selves gradually led into things which the
did not at first anticipate, and which will ma
their usefulness in the church, and expos
them to temptations, which it would be wis
for them to avoid.
In a recent number of the Herald of Trut,
a paper published by the Mennonites in Ii
diana, is an article on this subject, warnin
their members against joining themselves t
these societies. The following extracts froi
it will show the reasons adduced therefor, an
may well cause some of our own members 1
reflect seriously before taking such a step.
" The reason why our brethren should tai
no part with the Granges is simply 1. Becaus
it is a secret organization, and that which
good need not be hid, nor kept secret. 2. Tt
promises or oaths required of them are incoi
sistent with the doctrines of Christ. See Mat
V. 33, 38. 3. In uniting with the organiz
tion we enter into a league with a promiscuoi
class of men, believers and unbelievers, mc
who swear, and drink, and whose lives are i
noway governed by the principles of religio
(We do not say that all men who join tl
Granges are bad men ; but that there ai
enough men of this character among them, i
one can doubt for a moment) and such a unic
with all kinds of irreligious men, is strict!
forbidden, for the christian must have no cor
munion with the unfruitful works of darknes
4. Now these organizations by exciting publ
opinion, holding excitable public meeting
lead step by step to actions, and means whic
are unbecoming to a non-resistant follower ■ '
Christ ; they are led by men who use mor
suasion as long as moral suasion will aceoi
plish their purpose; but when this fails oih'
means will be resorted to, and in this, a co i
scientious follower of Jesus will be led to brir
reproach upon the name of Jesus and cause
to be evil spoken of.
" These organizations as a matter of cours
are laboring to raise public sentiment again
railroad companies and speculators, and wh(
fully organized and established, the princip
means will be political influence. Candidal
for office must be members of Granges, r
members of the society must vote for the;
chosen candidates, and in the legislative a
semblies these must make their influence ft
by adopting measures favorable to the obje
of the associations. Thus the present Grang'' ,
are only laying the foundation of a schemir
political party, similar to several parties
like character which have existed in yea
u
THE FRIEND.
245
one b}-, in tho fountry; and where is tlio
iimble followei- of Jesus that can keep his
oii'^i'ience void of ofienee under the influence
land in confidential union with such parties ?
'■ I'or these reasons we hold that our breth-
en sliould not unite with these organizations,
nd also because our Conferences have passed
esolutions against them. Let us indeed be
lii;-ht in the world, and not a stumbling-
loi'k in the church."
The following letter of Samuel Neale to
wealthy and prominent Friend in Philadel-
Ilia, was written shortly after his return from
irligious visit to this country. The counsel
•hiili it conveys appears worth}' of being
,_'vived at this ilaj".
" Glanmise, the 7th of the 10th mo., 1773.
Beloved Friend : — M5- mind is often looking
owards your land, with a grateful remem-
rance of its inhabitants, and hope that a
eople will be raised up from amongst the
lultitudes resorting thither, that will repjair
0 the ensign of the Lamb set up in Zion.
I Mir people havebeen much favored with the
peiiiugof Light ; the Fountain of everlasting
:iu(lue8s has sent forth its streams imnicdi-
tely and instrumentally to enrich and build
p.'liut it has been too little attended to: much
lains and care have been dispensed by the
Ihcpherd of Israel, to preserve and protect
lis visited; and if thcj- will not have Him to
ule over them. He will send his call and love
ni>ther way, to gather out of the highway
ml hedges, to bring a people to the know-
L'll^c of Him and His beloved Son, that will
taiid in the gap, repair the breaches, atid
iroelaim the day of the Lord. And though
sraol will not be gathered, yet will He be
^I'li'ious bj- tho manifestation of his own
ti'i iigth and power in a people who are now
10 I'cople. AVhat a pity it is that those who
lave been made partakers of the Divine Light,
ml powers of the world to come, should lose
\v: enjoyment, by adhering to visible gloiy,
ind things that will not profit in the Lord,
lut scatter from the Lord's inheritance in
ime and in eternity ? 1 fear the inundation
if temporal prosperity amongst the profes-
.orsof the blessed Truth, will turn them from
-he pursuit of discipleship, vitiate their relish
or l)ivine worship, and urge many to rest in
he shell of barren profession : and though
■ueh may cut a figure"among men, 3'et they
ire destitute of a foundation ; when trial
■omes their works will be burnt up, and
nnurning, lamentation and woe will lie their
tortion: but how beautiful will be the foot-
■teps of those, who with good Joshua can say,
let others do as they will, as for me and my
louse we will serve the Lord.' I believe, dear
i'iend, thy desires often run in that channel,
aid though Heaven has blessed thee vari-
ous ways in the enjoyment of temporal foli-
nty, thou hast often felt the disappointment
ind trial attending the mortal state and the
oilgrimage through time, [which are] per-
3a]is permitted in the wisdom of Him that is
ansearchable,'to balance through the surges
md tossings that are to be met with ; to be
18 ballast in the midst of the great ocean, that
(the vessel may get safe to port. I have and
io sympathize with thee, and thy beloved
honorable partner, in what you have met with
•towards the evening of your day: which I
conclude is best, because it is a dispensation
permitted by Him who knows what is past,
present, and to come, and has often seen meet
to try and prove those Ho loves, to keep
them unto tho end in faith, in greenness, in
tidclity, in hospitality and good works, that
they may lay hold on eternal life ; and if thou
would permit me to drop a hint, which 1
think I have seen in the opening of the door
of light and intelligence, and which ni}- love
for thee and thine emboldens me to drop —
which is, that abounding worldly riches has
made man}- bankrtiiits, if I may use the term
in religion ; it has buoyed them up in an ele-
vated state above the lowly seed, and they
have floated in the spirit of tho world like a
ship without an anchor; and have been tossed
as from one noveltj' to another which 1 com-
pare to rocks, until they have been castaway
as in the dead sea of formal worship and
ease, — very little regardful of the iuquity
approaching, what hast thou done with the
talent? And if this does not always happen,
in the immediate possessor, it frequently does
in the successor, who steps into fulness and
worldly glory, as at one step, by which they
are raised as with a torrent from the little
footing they had, and arc swept into the great
and devouring channel that leads to myste-
ry Babylon, and there sup of the golden cup
that stupefies and keeps in bondage. This,
beloved friend, I have seen many instances of
in many, very many, in our Society ; and what
has been, may be, and a word to the wise may
suffice. I love thy children ; I believe they
will be tried with one of the greatest trials,
worldly riches, and I ardently desire they
maj- be blessed with wisdom and stability to
stem the current that has carried so many by
its rapid course into ease and forgetfulness of
the Lord's doings for their progenitors. There
is nothing more ornamental than the Truth,
it is the strength, riches and wisdom of men,
and as we live in it, we are led to feel the
woes of others, to sympathize with the afflict-
ed, alleviate their sorrows, strengthen the
hands of those whom the Lord has anointed
for His work and service, and be as a prop
unto them in emergencies, when adversity
hangs over them as a cloud ; — then the virtu-
ous rich man may arise as a strong man, as
a bridegroom coming out of his chamber,
shelter such, be as bread and clo hiug to such,
and build them up when almost broken down,
or ready to fall. Some such may be said to
be imprisoned, incapable of service, and the
seed imprisoned in them. Visiting such and
adtniuistering to them, is like visiting the
sick, clothing the naked, feeding tho hungry,
giving drink to the thirsty, and feet to the
lame-" and may multiply the blessing in such
a manner upon his house, that an increase a
hundred fold may be added.
I would not throw out any hint that friend-
ship does not authorize, and a Christian near-
ness dictate, but will just add, where much is
given much is required ; and earnestly desire,
that peace and prosperity in every sense may
attend thee and thine, and that you may be
honorable as your predecessors in the church
militant, and relinquish the world in the part-
ing moment, with the ri.sing_ prospect in the
vision of faith that immortality and glory
await you forever. * * * * *
Thy affectionate and obliged friend,
Samuel Ne.\le."
To mourn without measure is folly, not to
mourn at all insensibility.
Scifiicc in the Cotlagp.
Under tho title of " Where there's a Will
there's a Waj- ; or Science in the Cottage."
James Cash lias furnished us with a most in-
teresting account of tho laliors of several
naturalists in humble life, not exactly un-
known to fame, but known only in the inner
ranks of science. Natural!}' of a retiri ng dis-
position, and jirecludcd b}- their social posi-
tion from taking their rightful status in tho
world of science, the lives of these men, and
even their very names, are unknown to thou-
sands who have profited by their labors.
Nearly all of them workingmon in the true
sense of the term, laboring hard for tho sup-
port of their families, they are examples of
what can be done by indomitable enorg)- and
jicrseverancc. These uatuialists had none of
the leisure which ea.s}- circumstances aflTords,
and which renders the pursuit of knowledge,
comjiaratively so easy; they studied science
while fighting in many cases a hard battle for
life.
George Caley, one of the most zealous of
tho Lancashire botanists of the early part of
the century, was the son of a Yorkshire horse-
dealer who had settled near Manchester. He
seems to have had a longer term of schooling
than most of his contemporaries, but still at
an earlj- age was doing the drudgery of the
farm. The quackeiy and ignorance of the
local farriers did not escape his notice, being
the business of his father, and an odd volume
of farrieiy which ho studied seems to have led
to his botanical researches, which first com-
menced in his looking for tho useful plants
mentioned in the book. Having acquired a
knowledge ofthe plants of his district — though
not a sj-'stematic knowledge — he came into
possession of Dr. Withering's " Botanical Ar-
rangement," and set to work in the winter to
master it. In this he succeeded, and becom-
ing acquainted with some botanical compan-
ions, he explored every hill and plain within
a day's walk of Manchester, till in process of
time the district was exhausted. About this
period of his life, having become acquainted
with Linna?us's "Genera Plantarum," and
"Systema Vegetabilium," he conceived the
idea of travelling to foreign countries, and
took the bold step of writing to Sir Joseph
Banks, the president of the Eoyal Society.
After some time he received a reply oftering
him employment as a working gardener at
Kew, which was not exactly what he desired,
and although he accepted the post, his duties
debarred him from cultivating his mind in
his own way, and it was not long before the
engagement came to an abrupt termination,
after some rather intemperate remonstrances
had been addressed by him to Sir .loseph
Banks. Caley thought, in fact, that he did
not require the training which Sir Joseph
desired him to have, and ho withdrew in dis-
gust to his Lancashire hills. He, however,
soon recovered his equanimity and wrote to
his patron, who, in reply, suggested that the
"gentlemen of Manchester" should make a,
subscription to maintain him whilst search-
ing in the South Seas, oftering himself to sub-
scribe and use his best efforts to induce the
Government to send him out. This proposi-
tion fell through, but a few months after-
wards Caley was summoned to London by
Sir Joseph, who had obtained permission to
send him to New South Wales to collect spe-
cimens for his patron and seeds for the gar-
den at Kew. How well Caley did his work
246
THE FRIEND.
in that then unknown laud is matter of his-
toiy: he did far more than he was sent out
to do, and his extensive collection of animals
was purchased by the Linntean Society, and
for a long time constituted the most splendid
portion of their museum. After a few years
residence in England, he was made superin-
tendent of the Botanic Garden at St. Vincent,
and retired on the breaking ii-p of that estab-
ment, having been altogether twenty-two
years abroad.
Edward Hobson, the correspondent of Sir
W. J. Hooker, W. Wilson, and Br. Greville,
was looked up to by the Lancashire botanists
as their recognized head — an infallible author-
ity to whom they referred their disputes.
The intimate friend of Caley, he survived him
but a few months, dying at the early age of
forty-eight. Hobson's early life is shrouded
in obscuritj-, save \hat he left school when
about eleven years of age, and he was not
known amongst the Lancashire botanists till
he had acquired substantial knowledge of the
subject, which was speedily recognized, for it
was not long before John Dewhurst, growing
feeble, resigned the presidency which ho had
held for a quarter of a century into his hands.
Hobson turned his attention chiefly to cryp-
togamic botany, and became the trusted cor-
respondent of Hooker and Taylor, the authors
of the " Muscologia Britannica," bj'whom he
is often named as an authority, and from
whom he received material aid, in the shape
of rare mosses not to be obtained in his neigh-
borhood, when compiling his "Musci Britiin-
nici." A letter from Sir C. Lyell conveys to
Hobson Dr. Hooker's admiration of his enthu-
siasm and acuteness, accompanied by a pre-
sent of his own copy of the " Museolog'a"
which Sir Charles had borrowed, and a col-
lection of Jungermannia; and other cryptoga-
mia from the New Forest. Hobson was a
journeyman to a Mr. Eveleigh, himself a min-
eralogist and naturalist of local celebrity, and
the nobleness of his nature is seen from the
following anecdote of him told by an intimate
friend. In 1829 Hobson had distinguished
himself in arranging portions of the museum
of the j\lanchester Society for the Promotion
of Natural History, and it was unanimously
resolved to offer him a permanent engage-
ment in that institution with a salary of £100
a year. Well, although such a post was all
that he could have wished for, he preferred to
earn a somewhat precarious living with Mr.
Eveleigh, because that gentleman had been
very kind to him when prosperous, and now,
when circumstances were altered, his services
might be of importance to Mr. Eveleigh, and
he could not think of leaving him.
John Horsefield, of Prestwich, though not
so distinguished as his contemporaries Calcy
and Hobson, was, nevertheless, an accom-
plished botanist. Following the occupation
of a weaver from morning till night, without
possessed. For many years Horsefield was
president of the Prestwich Society, and after-
wards of the United Societies of the district.
To his botanical attainments he added a con-
siderable knowledge of astronomy, algebra,
and mensuration. He died at an old age in 1854.
James Crowther, of ^lanchester, was born
in a cellar, and, like Horsefield, became a
weaver, beginning hisworking life at the age
of nine. He joined the societj' of which Dew-
hurst was president, and assiduous'.j' devoted
all his spare time to botanizing not without
unpleasantadventures with gamekeepers, who
naturally looked upon him with suspicion till
on one occasion he was fortunately arrested.
It seems when in search of aquatic plants he
carried a jointed rod resembling a fishing-rod,
save that it had a pair of hooks at the end,
one of which had a sharp edge for cutting the
stems of the plants beneath water. Once,
when engaged in this quest at Tatton, two
gamekeepers seized him and took him before
Mr. Egerton, who, seeing the tackle was not
adapted for fish poaching, and listening to
Crother's tale, ordered him to be set at liberty
with free permission to roam wherever he
chose on the Tatton estate. Crowther found
the means for following his pursuit by the sale
of specimens, and by earning a shilling or
two after working hours as a porter at the
landing-stages, for he never allowed his fam-
ily to suffer by a deduction from his wages.
On one of these evenings, while looking out
for a passenger who wanted a parcel carried,
he met Sir J. E. Smith, who was in search of
information for one of his botanical works.
Sir James engaged Crowther to carrj' his lug-
gage, and asked if he knew one of the neigh-
boring gentry. "Yes," replied Crowther,
" he's ' ■ '
that?'
a bit in my way." " What way is
— a question the answer to which led
to further inquiry, and Sir James found in
the very man who could supply
Crowther
him with the information he required. Crow-
ther, like most of the Lancashire botanists,
died at an advanced age, but, unfortunately,
during his latter years he had suffered great
privations.
John ifellor, of Eoj'ton, who was regarded
as the father of Lancashire botany, died in
1848, at the age of eighty-two. Like most of
his contemporaries he was a hand-loom wea-
ver, but made excursions far beyond his na-
tive district, having traversed the Highlands
no fewer than six times, ascending all the
principal mountains in search of plants, which
he sold to Mr. Don, Dr. Hooker, and others,
thus earning sufiflcient to supply his modest
wants.
Pichard Buxton, the author of the " Botan-
ical Guide," was another of these worthies,
who, at the age of sixteen, found himself
"unable to read." To thoroughly feel this
defect was speedily to remove it, and at the
^ . ago of eighteen he entered the service of a
books and without instructors, Horsefield's [man who appears to have been an herbalist,
first idea of the uses of wild plants seems to and whilst with him his attention was first
have been derived from " Culpeper's Herbal ;" turned to botany. He went on for years plod-
and until his father joined a workingman's ^ding along in his study of the science, till one
botanical society and brought home Lee's, day, whilst botanizing, he saw another person
"Introduction to Botany," he had no idea of engaged in the same pursuit, who turned out
the science, and even that book was like so to be no other than John Horsefield. An ac-
much Greek to him. He commenced by writ- 'quaintance thus commenced ended in his in-
ing out the names of the twenty-four Linnajan 'troduction to the botanical societies,
classes and pasting them on his loom-post. | John Martin, of Tyldesley, was also a hand-
In this way he acquired by diligent study loom weaver, and a constant correspondent of
much sohd information, and laid the founda- Sir W. Hooker, who calls him an "accurate
tion for the great knowledge ho afterwards botanist."
We have left ourselves but little room m
speak of George Crozier, botanist, entomolo
gist, and ornithologist; of Thomas Towuley
a botanist, and the inseparable friend of Cro
zier, and of the lesser-known Lancashire bO'
tanists, but these are not less worthy of men
tion than their contemporaries.
Of Just and Wilson, Mr. Cash has much oj
interest to say, but they were not in humblf
life, and we pass on to Samuel Gibson, of Heb
den Bridge, botanist and ornithologist, a mai
intimate also with geology and mineralogy
notwithstanding that he had to support u
family of nine children by his labor as £
tvhitesmith. His splendid collection of fossi'
shells from the lower coal measures, now the
property of Owens College, is his best memo-
rial. Gibson was a contributor to the Phy-
tologist and other magazines; he never attend
ed a day school for a single hour, and did nol
commence his studies till he had reached the
age of twenty-five, and yet he could claim the
respect and attention of such men as Profts
sors Sedgwick and Phillips.
Mr. Cash's book closes with a brief notice ol
"Mathematicians in humble life," a race, we
think, more numerous than even botanists and
other lovers of nature, but whose abilities arc.
hidden in greater obscurity. Butterworth, the \
prince of Lancashire geometers, was a fustian-
weaver, earning in his best clays miserable
wages, and ekeing out an existence in old age
by teaching a few children, whose pence
added slightly to the relief allowed him I13- a
society established in Manchester for the pur-
pose of assisting poor scientific men. — English
Mechanic.
Women's Indian Aid Association.
Iliram W. Jones, agent, writes acknow-i
lodging receipt of goods, as follows : '
Quapaw Ind. Agency, Seneca, Mo., i
"3d mo. 10, 1874.
Early on the bright spring morning after
the receipt of the goods, we repaired to the
camp (about two hundred yards from the
agency) accompanied by some of the Modoc
"boys," carrying the goods for the women
and children. 1
We had the chiefs to call uj) and seat upon
the grass (for it is quite green), around us all
the women and children, excejjt three of the
former who were sick. We told them by
whose kindness we were enabled to make
them the presents, and impressed upon them
the desires of their friends that they should
be good, and keep " good hearts." In rejily
to the question, if they would try to keep
good hearts, they replied by a hearty " Aye,"
their customary assent.
We then presented to each woman and child
their share. After this we distributed the
shirts as far, as they would go, to the men,
but the seventeen sent did not go half round.
They (the Modoes) are giving as little trou-
ble as could be expected ; seem very anxioaa
to adapt themselves to their new life. On
First day afternoon, we arranged a meeting
between them and the Seneca chiefs. It was
interesting, to see the attention with which
the Modoes listened to the talk of their more
civilized brethren. One point made by thei
Seneca chief " W'hite-Tree," seemed particu-
larly to impress them, and to meet their fulli:
approval. It was this: "That all men are
brethren, and the Great Spirit loves all alike,
and wishes them to live together in peace."
THE FRIEND.
247
They seem fully to comprehend, that thoir
[i method of living by the chase is now an
possibilit}', and that hereafter they must
pend upon the fruits of their labor.
JTlie two boxes of garden seeds sent from B.
^ for the ilodocs, act as a great stimulus to
!iny Indians, and they are planting early
as, radishes, onions, lettuce, &c. .Alanj-
ricties of the smaller seeds are entirely ex-
busted. There is an increasing disposition
i the part of most of our Indians to enlarge
teir farms. They are making considerable
ijprovement, in the waj' of making and lay-
|t rails in the fence, and breaking fresh land.
(JThe health of this people is very good, con-
leriug their exposed condition.
HiRAJi W. Jones.
[f we are not to take thought what we
ill saj' when we come before worldly
inces, because it shall then be given us; and
t is not we who speak, but the spirit of our
iavenly Father, that speaketh in us; much
8 can our ability be needed, or ought we id
idy to ourselves forms of speech in our ap-
jaches to the great Prince of princes. King
kings and Lord of lords. For if we con-
er his greatness, we ought not by Christ's
nmand : or our relation to him as children,
need not: he will help us, he is our Father:
it is if he bo so indeed. Thus, not only the
uth of the body, but of the soul is shut, till
d opens it. The bodj^ ought never to go
'ore the soul in prayer : his ear is open to
h requests, and his Spirit strongly iuter-
les for those that offer them. — Xo Cross no
mn.
THE FRIEND.
THIRD MONTH 21. 1S74.
Che improvement of education has certainly
de much progress in this country within
last twenty years, and the occupation of
jacher has deservedly risen greatly in the
mation of the public. The elements now
essary to entitle to the character of a good
tractor, are so much more numerous and
irly defined than formerly, that those who
ervedly obtain that character, rank equally
reputation and social standing with any
er professional adepts : but it is to be re-
tted on many accounts that such teachers
not more numerous among those who
e adopted the profession.
n the advance which general school learn-
has achieved, and amid the high enconi-
s 80 commonly passed upon the advantages
)e derived from popular education, there
been great remissness shown, in devising
[ adopting proper means for so applying
science of education, as to rightly and
roughly train those who are, or who aim
If )e the educators of the present generation
Ol'hildren. Such means as would be adapted
tcliscover by practical competition, who do
81. who do not possess, the peculiar talents
n'cssary for excelling in the highest of all
an; that of making use most etficiently of
tl proper methods and instruments for draw-
it out the latent powers of the mind, while
ci; ivating the affections of the heart, and
itilanting the principles and practices of
cHstiaa virtue,
low much depends upon the principles, the
talents and the acquirements of teachers, in
forming the characters of those placed under
their care and tuition ! Their responsibility-
is great ; for they are educating their keen-
sighted disciples, not only when imparting
literary or scientific knowledge, but by the
verj- tones of the voice, and the impressive in-
struction of ever}' day example. In applying
the art of teaching, unless they possess dis-
criminating minds, and are sufficiently on the
watch to detect and comprehend the charac-
teristic traits of their individual pupils, and
to adapt thoir modes of instruction, so as to
counteract hurtful propensities or habits, and
to incite intellectual effort in those who may
seem too dull and obtuse to acquire learning
in the ordinary routine method of imparting
it, they may finally dismiss some who have
been long under their tuition, as ignorant
blockheads; who had their mental peculiari-
ties been properly analyzed, and a different
mode of interesting them in the pursuit of
knowledge adopted, might have made credit-
able scholars.
Mental power is not developed in the same
way, and at the same age in all children ; and
the instances are numerous of pei-sons dis-
tinguised in after life for their acuteness and
learning, who were extremely dull and un-
promising in childhood. It is stated of Isaac
Barrow, who when he was appointed Master
of Trinity College in England, was said to be
one of the best scholars of that time and coun-
try, that in his early school days, he was obsti-
nately opposed to make any effort to learn, per-
sistently devoting himself to rude sports, and
withal so quarrelsome and ill natured, that his
father, despairing of his son's future worthi-
ness, or usefulness, often said if any child was
to be taken from him, he hoped it would bo
his sou Isaac. But under the training and
instruction of one who detoctoil good abilities
under his repulsive and discouraging exterior,
and knew how to adapt the method of educa-
tion so as to counteract the evil, and bring out
the good, Isaac Barrow finally excelled in
the acquisition of knowledge, and became the
pride of his family and a benefactor of man-
kind.
Of the celebrated Adam Clark it is recorded,
that it was with the greatest difficulty he
learned the letters of the alphabet, and though
kept at school and often harshly treated and
upbraided for his stupidity, he was eight years
old before he could spell words of three let-
ters. But, providentially, when between eight
and nine years of age, he was placed under a
teacher, who had the ability and took pains
to make himself acquainted with the mental
capacity and disposition of his pupil; and by
a judicious course of kindness and encourage-
ment, he aroused his dormant energies, and
initiated him fairly into a course of study and
improvemeut which did not cease through
life.
One of our own acquaintance, who for years
before his death, was widely known for his
profound mathematical knowledge, and power
of abstruse calculation, was so dull a bo}-, that
after being long at school, his teacher — tlio
late Enoch Lewis — thought it not worth while
for him to attempt to go beyond arithmetic,
as it would prove only loss of time.
We have no idea that all dull boys or girls
have the capacity to become proficients in
learning, nor that it is always the fault or de-
ficiency of the teacher when they leave school
with little knowledge and stunted intellect.
It however can hardly escape the observation
of those familiar with schools, that the cri-
terion for judging of competencj' in a teacher
requires to be more elevated ; and that the art
of teaching and the capacity to com])rohend
dilferent phases of youthful character, and
meet the requirements of manifest idiosyncra-
sies, is much wanting among the many wiio
aspire to lie the educatorsof children. Parents
are often in fault respecting the time and op-
portunity allowed their children tor olitaining
school education ; and sometimes for interfer-
ing with the course of study pi-escribed by the
teacher, who knows the ability of the child,
and what is the proper order for him or her
to pursue, in the effort to master the usual
branches of a scholastic course. The brains
of some children do not develop equally with
other parts of their ph3'sical system, so that
the size of an adult may bo obtained while
the organ for perception and thought is still
that of a child. A skilful teacher soon ob-
tains a knowledge of any such peculiarity,
and understands how raucli mental labor the
pupil can properly undertake, and what re-
sult may be rightly expected from it. Others
who have not had the opportunity, or have
not made use of the opportunity to acquire
this knowledge, may do great injustice to the
teacher and pupil, by attributing the slow pro-
gress of the latter to want of cajiability, in-
terest or care on the part of the former, and
undertaking to regulate the studies in their
own way.
In our ordinary intercourse and dealing
with children, we are all too apt to forget,
that to them life and the world are new ; that
every thing is almost equally unknown and
unexamined, and that until the freshness of
what is presented to the senses has become
somewhat exhausted, there is nothing that
naturally seems more necessary for happiness
than freedom from restraint. Curiosity is a
prominent feature in their intellectual unfold-
ing, urging to give attention to every new
object that presents; to seek enjoyment from
it for a short time, but impeding long deten-
tion with the same subject of thought. Hence
their ideas, however vivid, are disconnected,
and it requires a considerable effort to enable
them to adopt a system, however simple, or
master a complication of even a few elements.
It is only as renewed observation rectifies
former conclusions, and experience gradually
teaches the roalitj' of order, and the necessity
for rules, that consecutive reasoning, and the
capacity to arrive at definite results thereby,
are to bo expected. First impressions, whether
of natural objects or the themes of education,
are generally the deepest; and therefore con-
tinuing longest, may prove, as they are cor-
rect or erroneous, the means of betraying into
future error, or assisting to guide into truth.
It is therefore of great importance, that in
responding to the natural eagerness in chil-
dren for discursive inquiry, care should bo
taken not to give a false or ambiguous reply,
however small the matter may appear. It
is far better they should remain in ignorance
about it, than receive fiilse impressions, or en-
tertain the erroneous conceptions of others.
In the one case they will know thej' are yet
to learn the truth, in the other they ma}- sup-
pose they have already been sufticii'ntly in-
structed in relation to it.
This is preeminently important as respects
the truths of religion, and the principles and
practices connected with it, inasmuch as the
248
THE FRIEND.
happiness and value of life depend upon their
right reception and application.
" For reason still, unless divinely taught,
Whate'er she learns, learns nothing as she ought,
The light of revelation only, shows
What human wisdom cannot but oppose ;
That man, in nature's richest mantle clad,
And graced with all philosophy can a'dd
Though fair without, and luiuinons within.
Is still the progeny and heir of sin.
And without tiiis, whatever he discuss,
Whether the space between the stars and us;
Whether he measure earth, compute the sea.
Weigh sunbeams, carve a dy, or spit a flea,
The solemn trifler, witli his boasted skill
Toils much, and is a trifler still."
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
Foreign. — Gladstone has issued the customary note
requesting the [iresence of his supporters on the re-
opening of Parliament. At the same time he has
written to Earl tiranville, saying : I desire my political
friends to clearly understand that at my age I must re-
serve my entire freedom to divest myself of the respon-
sibility of leadership at no distant time. The need of
rest will prevent more than my occasional presence in
the House during the present session.
The Times, in a leading article, says so long as Glad-
stone remains in the Hou.se of Commons, he is the only
possible leader of the opposition. Every true Liberal
will accept his leadership on his own terms.
The Daily News .says Gladstone's name is a tower of
strength. "The whole body of Liberals regard him as
their natural liead. Any other person would only be
the leader of a .section.
The Times publishes a long statement signed Charles
Orton, in which the writer confesses that he recognized
the Tichborne claimant as his brother the last time lie
saw him, and his silence was bought with £5 paid
monthly for a year and a promise of a thousand or two
in addition at the conclusion of the trial.
The Daily News and Telegraiih give the following
as a correct account of the treaty of peace with Ashantee:
The king agrees to pay to Great Britain a war indem-
nity of 50,000 ounces of gold ; renounces all claim to
Adansi, Assia. Deukera, Akam and Was.sa; withdraws
his forces from parts of the coast belonging to or under
the protectorate of England ; undertakes to maintain a
good road from Coomassie to the Prah river, and to
protect commerce ; will prohibit human sacrifices, and
promises perpetual peace with England. Cieneral
Wolesley does not expect the entire indemnity will
ever be paid, but regards the other stipulations of vastly
greater importance, and more likely to be adhered to.
A garrison will be kept at Prahsn.
"The Duke of Edinburg and his bride, entered Lon-
don on the 12th inst., in the midst of a blinding snow-
storm. The reception by the people was warm and
enthusiastic, many thou.sands lined the streets and gave
a hearty welcome in the midst of the storm. A stand
at Charing Cro.ss broke down, throwing some fifty per-
sons to tlie ground. During the day four persons were
killed and twenty-four injured iu consequence of the
pressure of the crowd.
A meeting in favor of Fenian amnesty was held in
Hyde Park on the l.>th inst., at which 20,000 persons
were present. A petition for the pardon of the Fenian
convicts will he presented to the Queen in person.
A letter of the Pope to the Koman Catholic bishops
of Austria, exhorting them to combat the pending eccle-
siastical bills in the legislature, has been publislied
The Pope says the measures proposed are calculated to
place the church in ruinous servitude. The Po|ie "
also written to the Emperor of Austria adjuring him to
protect the church within his dominions.
A Madrid dispatch of the 15th says, Serrano with an
army of 30,000 men and 90 guns, is now face to face
with a CarlLst force of 35,500 ; while another army of
5000 men is moving on the Carlist rear. Gen. Moriones
has resigned in consequence of illness, and Marshal
Serrano has assumed supreme command of the Spanish
forces in the north. The Govornor of Bilboa has In-
formed Marshal Serrano that he has provisions suffi-
cient to last until April, and he will continue vigorously
the defence of that city.
In the Committee of the Asseralily on the electoral
law, a proposition has been made by the Kiglit fur the
disfranchisement of the colonies of h'rance. LaboiUaye
made an earnest remonstrance, warning the niembeis
that the British colonies in .\merica had been alienated
by the denial of the right of representation. The
colonial deputies have unanimously demanded the
right.
A Vienna dispatch says: The Emperor Francis
Joseph has authorized his government to as.swme a
strong attitude against the ultramontane opposition to
the ecclesiastical laws.
A Constantinople dispatch says: There is great dis-
tress among the poor here, in consequence of a heavy
snow storm. Private charitable organizations, in addi-
tion to the government, are actively at work to relieve
those who are suflfering.
Advices from Rio Janeiro report that the Bishop of
Pernambuco has been sentenced to five years in jail for
continued resistance to the laws.
A dispatch from Cape Co.ast Castle, of the 22d ult.,
says that all the Briti.sh troops except the Highlanders,
have re-embarked for home. General Wolseley was to
embark on the 7th inst.
The total number of British troops killed and wound-
ed in the invasion was 384.
The .steamship Lacouia while on the voyage from
Alexandria, Egypt, for Algiers, having as passengers
27S pilgrims returning from Mecca, encountered violent
gales. One large wave which struck the vessel washed
from her deck 117 of the pilgrims, and all were drowned.
A great assemblage of French people took place at
Chiselhurst, Engl.and, on the IGth, to celebrate the
eighteenth anniversary of the birth of the son of the
late Emperor Louis Napoleon. Over six thousand
cards of admission were issued, and those to French
persons only. The Duke of Padua addressed the Prince
in the name of the Frenchmen present, congrat\ilating
him upon having attained his majority. The Prince
made a speech in reply thanking his countrymen for
the faithful remembrance of the late emperor. He
thinks there is an irresistible current of public opinion
in France in favor of a plebiscite, and declares himself
ready to accept its verdict. Among the eminent per-
sons present were the Duke de (.irammont and Roulier
and < )llivier, once members of the French Cabinet.
The steamer Queen Elizabeth has been wrecked ofl:'
Tariifu. Estimated loss £.535,000.
London, 3rd mo. 16th. — Consols 928. Bank rate of
discount 3o per cent.
Liverpool. — Uplands cotton, 7 15-16rf.
City of Mexico advices to the 10th inst. have been
received. A fearful outrage had occurred at Jalisco.
A fanatical priest having .advocated the extermination
of Protestants, a mob of his hearers gathered in the
evening and proceeded to the residence of John Stevens,
a minister sent out by the Boston Board of Foreign
Missions. He was seized by the raob, killed, and his
body cliopped into pieces. 'Phey afterwards sacked the
house and carried o3' every thing of value.
The governmeut h.as sent a detachment of troops to
the place, and orders have been issued for the arrest of
all the priests in Ahualulco and the neighboring town
of Teshitan. A mob in Saguago, acting imder similar
religious frenzy, attacked the small garrison of the
town, burned the archives and pillaged the houses of
the authorities.
The Governor of the district of Mexico has issued an
order prohibiting cock-fighting as a practice unworthy
of a civilized people.
United States. — On the 11th inst. Charles .Sumner,
Senator from Massachusetts, died in Washington after
a short and violent attack of angina-pectoris. He had
reached the age of 63 years, having been born 1st mo.
Gth, 1811. For many years he occupied a distinguished
position .as the earnest and able advocate of the ecjual
rights of man.
There were 523 deaths in New York city last week.
The revenues of the Pennsylvania Railroad, in 1873,
from the main line between Philadelphia and Pitts-
burg, were §24,886,009, of which §19,008,555 were
charges on goods transported, $5,008,201 passengers,
mails and e-xpre.sses, and the balance mi,>icellaneous.
The expenses were $15,440,305, leaving net earnings of
tlie year §9,445,704. The gross earning show an in-
crease of $2,297,683 over the preceding year.
The interments in Philadelphia last week numbered
287, including 98 under two years. Of consumption
54, iidlauiraation of the lungs 22, apoplexy 10.
The expenditures of the Paid Fire Department of
Philadelphia during the year 1873, amounted to $473,-
23^. The estimated losses on property destroyed by
fire aggregated *993,480. The smallest loss was in the
3d month $25,046, the largest in the 9th mo. $182,512.
The snow blockade of the Central Pacific Railroad
was for a few days removed and the trains ran regu-
larly, when another heavy fall of snow occurred, bury-
ing the road to a great depth in portions of the route.
The gross earnings of the Union Pacific Railroad in
1873, were $10,266,103, and operating expenses $4,-
974,861, leaving net $5,291,242.
The Markets, <&c. — The following were the quoUrtions
on the 16th inst. New York. — American gold, W.
U. S. sixes, 1881, 1191 a 119 J; ditto, 1862, 117 ; dh
1868, 118i a 119 ; 5 per cents, 113t a 114^ Snperfi
flour, $5.75 a $6.15; State extra, .j6.75 ; finer bran'
S7 a $10.75. No. 1 Chicago spring wheat, $1.55 : >
2 do., $1.51 a $1.53; No. 3 do., $1.46 a $1.48;
western, $1.62; amber do., S1.68 ; white Michigaj
$1.81. No. 3 western barley, $1.80. Oats, 61 a 65 o
Western mixed corn, 86 a 90 cts. ; yellow, 90 ell
southern yellow, 90 cts.; white, 91 a 95 cts. Philad
phia. — LTplands and New Orleans cotton, 16 a 17
Superfine flour, $5.50 a $5.75 ; extras, $6 a §6..50 ; fin
brands, »7 a $10.25. Western red wheat, $1.60 a $1.6
amber, $1.70 a $1.75. Rye, 95 cts. Yellow corn,
83 cts. Oats, 60 a 64 cts. Carolina rice, 8J
Smoked hams, 12 a 14 cts. Lard, 9i a 9J cts. Clov
seed, 8 a 10 cts. About 2000 beef cattle were sold
the Avenue Drove-yard, common at 4^ a 5.V cts. per 1
gross ; fair and extra, 6 a 7if cts.'; a few choice broug
8 cts. Sheep sold at 5i a 6', cts. per lb. gross, for coi
mon, and 7 a 8 cts. for fair to choice. Hogs $8.50 a !
per 100 lb. net. Chicago. — No. 1 spring wheat, $1.21:
No. 2 do., $1.1SJ^ ; No. 3 do., $1.15i. No. 2 mix
corn, 611 cts. Oats, 43} cts. No. 2 spring barley, ll.l
Lard, $8.90 per 100 lb. Baltimore.— choice wh
wheat, $1.85; choice amber, $1.80 a $1.85 ; Penna.ri
$1.75; western do., $1.60 a $1.65. Y'ellow corn, 8(
82 cts. St. Louis. — No. 2 spring wheat,, $1.21 a $1,
No. 3 fall, $1 .40. No. 2 corn, 61 a 62 cts. No. 2 oa
47 a 49 cts.
A young woman Friend, with experience as a teach
desires a situation as assistant in a Friends' School.
Address box 12, Kennett Square, Chester Co., Pa
TRACT ASSOCIATION OF FRIENDS.
The Annual Meeting of the Tract Association
Friends, will be held in the Committee-room of Ai
Street Meeting-house, on Fourth-day, the 25th insta
at 8 o'clock, p. M. Friends are cordially invited to
present. Edward Maris,
Third month, 1874. Clerk
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
As the stations of Superintendent and Matron of t
Institution are expected to be vacated at the close of
Winter Se.ssion, in the 4th month next. Friends
may feel drawn to undertake the duties attache
tliem, are requested to communicate thereon with eit
of the following named members of the Committee.
Nathaniel N. iStokes, Cinnaminson Post-ofl
Burlington Co., IS^. J.
Charles Evans, No. 702 Race St., Philadelph
Deborah Rhoads, Haddontield, N. J.
Rebecca S. Allen, No. 335 S. Fifth St., Phils!
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE.
Near Frankford, {Twenty-third Ward,) Philadelphi
Physician and Superintendent — Joshua H. Wor
INGTON, M. D.
Applications for tlie Admission of Patients ma)
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Boan
Managers.
Died, on the 8th of 12th mo., 1873, at his reside
.\drian, Michigan, JosKni CfiBBONS, a beloved
honored elder, son of the late .Joseph Gibbons, a val
minister of the Southern District Monthly Meet
Our dear friend having improved his faculties
reason of use, dedicated his scientific and other atti
ments to the good of others. His more advanced
was one of varied tisefulness, both in the church an
the community ; manifesting a growth in grace, ai
deepening interest in the spiritual welfare of tl
around him. His sorrowing relatives and friendsi
the consoling assurance that his end was peace.
, 2nd mo. 17th, 1874, at her residence, Uj
Chichester, Delaware Co., Pa., Mary Pensell, n
of Joseph Pennell, in the 79th year of her age, a m
bcr of Concord Monthly Meeting. Her snfierings v
very severe, which she bore with quiet, patient r(
nation, and her friends have the comforting assnr;
that their loss is her everlasting gain. "Gathered
shock of corn fully ripe."
, at the residence of his parents, near Muscat
Iowa, on the morning of the second of Third mo
1874. I'lEN.iAMiN Eedkidge, SOU of Abner and Am^
Eldridge, in the 26th year tif his age.
WILLIAM H. PILE, PRINTER.
No. 422 Walnut Street.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. XLVII.
SEVENTH-DAY, THIRD MONTH 28, 1874.
NO. 32.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
rice Two Dollars per annum, if paid in advance. Two
dollars and fifty cents, if not paid in advance.
Subacriptiona and Paymenta receiTed by
JOHN S. STOKES,
'it no. 116 XORTU FOUBTU STREET, UP STAIRS,
PHILADELPHIA.
ostage, when paid quarterly in advance, five cents.
For " Ibe Friend."
Memoirs and Letters of Sarah Uillman.
(Continued from page 243.)
To Martha Wistar.
"Philadelphi.a, 6th mo. 20th, 1S37.
My Dear Friend : — If afl'ectiouate retnem-
rance be sufficient to prompt us in this w.aj'
hold converse with those we love, then sure
may dip pen in ink and venture on ; other-
ise there seems so many, many cares of one
nd or other pressing upon me, I scarcely
DOW where to begin, or what to say. Sur-
tunded as we are in a city like this, with
lurces of sorrow, the heart that is willing in
tme little degree to lend its syrapatiiies, • to
eep with those who weep,' finds many to
ourn with, as well as many to mourn over;
id is at times permitted too, through unut-
rablo mercj-, to rejoice with those who re-
ice in believing that the Lord sitteth upon
le floods, and that He reigneth, and with the
amb will reign as King forever.
In looking back upon the solemn engage-
ent in which thou and thy dear companion*
ive been so sweetly banded with me, in ex-
cise and in suffering, however feebly and
aworthily I feel mj' very best efforts, to pro-
ote the cause and kingdom of my dear Lord
id Redeemer, I am favored to feel a quiet
aeeful rest, which is truly grateful, and
orthy of heartfelt acknowledgment to our
Imighty Helper.
May you, dear friends, be encouraged and
rengthened in the work of your day, for
nly the fields are white unto harvest ; and
e read that 'He that reapeth receiveth
ages, and gathereth fruit unto like eternal.'
The burden of the church does rest on a
iry few there, and I cannot but believe it
11 be felt to fall with increased and increas-
g weight upon you, my dear friends, as the
w fathers and mothers left, are gathered to
eir heavenlj- home, and their vacant places
QSt be stepped into by the next in the rear,
as no break may be left for the enemj-'s
Dven foot. Ah ! then it is we are made to
3l increasingly an awful responsibility; and
irn for ourselves what the apostle meant by
e expression, ' They watch for our souls as
* Clayton Wistar, afterwards an elder of Salem
gnthly Meeting, N. J.
they that must give account.' This is, and
will be the place in which you, dear friends,
must endeavor to be found faithful. I doubt
not it is your chief concern to bo furnished
from Him, in whom are hid all the treasures
of wisdom and knowledge, with counsel and
strength, and wisdom, that thus j-ou may be
enabled to withstand in the evil d.ay, and
having done all — all the little you can — to
stand.
Oh ! may there be raised up a succession of
fishers, fowlers, and hunters, to seek the pro
cious prey of the souls of men ; that in the
day when inquisitiou will be made, we may
bo found acquitted, and through the mercy of
our adorable Advocate and Redeemer, be per-
mitted on Mount Zion to stand, and forever
celebrate the praises of our God and Saviour.
Dear looks poorlj-, and seems bowed
down ; but I believe there will be a lifting up
in the right time. He who knows us alto-
gether, knows what to do with us ; how to
break us to pieces, and how to make us anew;
and to prepare for the wedding garment — the
righteousness of our dear Saviour.
Man_vdcar friends are very tenderly in daily
remembrance, of which thou may please in-
form with my love very affectionatcl3^ Love
also to your dear children ; for whom I feel
particularly solicitou", that they rynj he- pre-
vailed upon to listen, morning by morning,
to the secret, gentle whisperings of the still
small voice — the pleadings of the Divine Spirit.
That as they grow in years, they may grow
in grace, and become as a field blessed of the
Lord.
And now, dear friends, indebted for many
kindnesses conferred while with j'ou, on poor
unworthy me, demanding my grateful ac-
knowledgment— I, with unfeigned love, sub-
scribe myself your attached friend,
Sarah Hillman."
To Martha Wistar.
" Philadelphia, 2d mo. 25th, 1838.
Dear Friend, — Inclination and leisure, per-
haps thou knowest, seldom combine with such
as like myself, have little talent for writing;
and yet love prompts the effort to say to thee
at this late period, thy letter was not onlj-
duly received, but was truly cordial. Many,
many times has my spirit saluted thee, even
amid new and unthougbt of trials, which have
in these days come upon us. We have heard
it said, 'The signs of the times are fearful!'
And, 'who shall stand in the day that is ap-
proaching?' Some among us have been going
as with our hands upon our loins and our
mouths in the dust, secretlj* bemoaning the!
' hurt of the daughter of Zion.' We have heard
a sound, but not of peace; and have been
ready to say, 'alas for the day!' but now it
comes. May the Lord on high shield his own
sheep and lambs everywhere. May Ho make
himself known amongst them as of old he did '
for Israel; and deliver all that trust in Him.
He is stronger than all. He that delivered ;
his servant from the paw of the lion and tho
bear, who led His chosen Israel through tho
sea; and who his ownself bore our sins, and
carried our sorrows; who trod tho wine-press
alone, and of the people there was none with
him ; He knoweth them that trust in him.
Dear friend, may it be our chief concern to
avail ourselves of tho privilege granted the
Lord's dear children — not only to ' believd in
Ilim, but also to sufter for his sake.' It seems
to me that as many as abide with their dear
Master, as many as dare not make any com-
promise, neither to sa}' with some, 'I am of
Paul ; and I of Apolles , and I of Cephas ;' but
do desire in humility and abasedness of soul
to be bowed in spirit to Christ Jesus, being
willing to suffer reproach for his blessed name
sake, have a great fight of atHietions in store
for them. And oh ! may they be animated to
'hold fast the profession of their faith with-
out wavering,' knowing that He is faithful
that called them. May we, my dear sister, be
found of this number — patient and faithful,
bearing about in tho body the dying of the
Lord Jesus, — that His life may be manifested
in us, and that through the power of His re-
surrection, we may know an overcoming of
this present world which lieth in wickedness ;
and be prepared, through the boundless mercy
^'f our adorable Advo<'-i\tn .inil .Intercessor, to
stand on Mount Zion with that blessed multi-
tude, who in robes of white and with palms
in their hands, forever praise his holy Natne.
* * * It is truly a very critical time
with us as a people. ^Nevertheless I believe
there will be a remnant left or preserved upon
the ancient foundation of true (Quakerism.
There are many ways out, and but one way
or door in to tho sheepfold ; and this way is
Christ: whom to know, with the Father that
sent Him, Ho has expressly said, is life
eternal.
Another object of interest was that of dear
's accepted offering. Ah ! I do believe
he has entered into covenant with his dear
Master by sacrifice. May' he be strengthened
to keep hold of his part of the covenant, and
be made useful and honorable among his
brethren ; j^ea, a blessing to his father's house.
If thou please, remember me affectionately to
him : and tell him to persevere, that the prize
is at the end of the race.
Ah! methinks, though myself the very
least in my Father's house, I can very sin-
cerely crave for you dear friends, thou and
thy husband, with whom, in some little mea-
sure, my spirit has travailed, that, notwith-
standing your feeling of unworthiness and
unfitness for the work of the Lord, the arms
of your hands maj- be strengthened ; that ye
may be clothed upon with the armor of right-
eousness on the right hand and on tho left,
and know a being kept, with my own soul
also, as in the hollow of His hand. That thus
we may move only in and by the appointment
of the great and blessed Head of the church,
who hath said, ' My sheep hear my voice, and
250
THE FRIEND.
I know them, and they follow me : and I give
unto them eternal life ; and they shall never
perish, neither shall any man pluck them out
of my hand.' To His holy care and keeping
I desire to commend us for time and for eter-
nity ; and in the love of the gospel, remain
your attached, sympathizing friend,
S. HiLLJIAN."
(To be continned.)
Animal Cliaracter.
(Continued from page 243.)
HORSE ox ASS.
It happened to me one night during the late
war in France to ride into the court yard of
an inn which was full of French artiller^'mcn.
In the bustle and hurry of the time it was
useless to call for the services of an ostler, so
I set about seeking for stable-room mj'self
In the French country inns there are no stalls,
and the only division between the horses,
when there is any separation at all, is a board
suspended at one end by an iron hook to the
manger, and at the other hanging from the
roof by a knotted cord. In this inn, however,
even the hanging-board was wanting, and
about fifty artillery horses were huddled to-
getherso closely as almost to touch each other,
80 that it was difficult to find an open space
for my mare. At last I found an opening
near a magnificent black animal, which I sup-
posed to he an officer's saddle-horse.
A fine horse is always an attraction forme,
so as soon as I had finished such arrange-
ments as were possible for the comfort of my
own beast, I began to examine her neighbor
rather minutely. He seemed in jjerfect health,
but at last I discovered a fresh wound on the
near foreleg, evidently caused by the fragment
of a shell. (Thoi-e had been a battle at the
place the day before.) Turning to an artillery-
man who was standing by, I asked if the
veterinary surgeon thought he could save the
horse. "No, sir, he is to bo shot to-morrow
rnorning." This decision seemed hard, for the
horse stood well, and was eating his hay tran-
quilly. I felt strongly tempted to bog him,
and see what rest and cai-e could accomplish.
At midnight I came back for my own mare.
There was a great and terrible change in her
neighbor's condition. He lay in the straw,
half under her, the place was so crowded. I
shall never forget his piteous cries and moans.
He could not rise, and the shattered limb was
causing him cruel pain. His noble head lay
at my feet, and I stooped to caress it.
"So this is the reward," I thought, "that
man gives to the best and bravest servant he
has ! A long night of intolerable anguish,
unrelieved by any attempt whatever to soothe
or ease his pain ; in the morning, the delayed
charity of a rifle-bullet !" This single instance,
which moved nie because I had seen it, per-
haps a little also because the animal was
beautiful and gentle, what was it, after all, in
comparison with the incalculable quantity of
animal suffering which the war was causing
in half the provinces of France ? Those re-
flections filled me with pain and sadness as I
rode over the battle-ground in the frosty
moonlight. The dead horses lay there still,
just as they fell, and for them I folt no pity.
Swift death, sudden oblivion, rest absolute,
unconscious, eternal, these are not evils; but
the pain of the torn flesh and the shattered
bone, the long agony in hunger and cold, the
anguish of the poor maimed brutes, who strug-
gle through the last dark passages of existence,
without either the pride of the soldier, the
reason of the philosopher, or the hope of the
Christian — that is evil, pure and unmixed!
Like all who love animals much, I know
and remember them as I know and remember
men.
The powers of afl'ection in the horse are for
the most part latent. Wo see faint signs of
them, and there is a general belief that the
horse has such powers, which is founded partly
on some exceptional examples, and partly on
a subtle satisfaction in believing that wc are
beloved by our slaves. But the plain truth
is, that horses, as they live usually in our ser-
vice, have little to love us for, and most com-
monly regard us either with indifference or
dislike. When we come to the active vices,
the hatred and rebellion of the horse against
his master express themselves very plainly,
much more plainly than equine affection ex-
presses itself ever. Many of these vices are
hereditary in the equine blood, and are a tra-
dition of ill-usage. The way in which they
burst forth in horses, apparently of the most
tranquil character, is one of the mysteries of
nature. Three instances have occurred in my
own stable, of animals becoming suddenlj' and
irremediably vicious, passing in the course of
three or four days from a state like that of
Paris under the Empii'C to the rage and re-
bellion of Paris under the Commune, and
neither in these cases, nor in any other that
has come under my observation, has a real vice
ever been permanently eradicated. Horses
become vicious from many causes; the most
frequent, I think, is idleness, in combination
with confinement and good keep. Out at grass
a horse becomes wild rather than vicious, and
mere wildness is easily curable by gentleness
and patience. Tied up in a stable, with plenty
of hay and corn, his system accumulates the
electricity of irritability which ought to have
been regularly expended in work, and it ex-
plodes in dangerous violence. Four days'
idleness in an inn-stable, during wet weather,
cost me the most valuable horse I ever pos-
sessed. On the fifth day no man could ride
him, and no man was ever able to ride him
afterwards.
Most horses are fairly good, and in some
races almost all of them are docile. In other
races vices of different kinds are very com-
mon. Take the Corsican ponies, for instance,
a hardy little race of much speed and endur-
ance, very useful to drive in pairs in small
phaetons; they are nearly ahvaj's vicious,
though seldom vicious enough to interfere
materially with their usefulness. A tiny pair
were offered me with a pretty carriage, the
whole equipage suspiciously cheap, but I dis-
covered that one of the charming little crea-
tures would kick and the other bit like a wolf
Afterwards, I found that these accomplish-
ments were common to the Corsican breed ;
in fact, that they were generally as energetic,
but as wilful and diflScult to deal with, as their
little human compatriot. Napoleon. On the
other hand, there are breeds where gentle
tempers and amiable manners are hereditary.
The conspicuous merit of the horse, which
has given him the dearly-paid honor of shar-
ing in our wars, is his capacity for being dis-
ciplined,— and a very great capacity it is, a
very noble gift indeed ; nobler than much
cleverness. Several animals are cleverer than
the horse in the way of intelligence; not one
is so amenable to discipline.
The patient oxen ! This is their main vir-
(
tue, patience. And their chief gift or endov
men is strength. No animal known to us i
Western Europe has patience comparable t
that of the ox, and for vast strength, steadil
exerted, he is above rivalry. The dray-hor;
is as strong, but he does not possess the pe
sistent steadiness of trained oxen. The b^
vines have not the horse's irritability; the
temper is very calm, slow to anger, and ofii
finite endurance. They work always upc
nature's grand old principle of unhurried bi
untiring application, pushing on always wit
pressure ccpal to their task, as if life in th
world were infinite for them, and the hour
instead of flying, walked on at their own slo
pace. Better servants man never had, an
notwithstanding their slowness they achiey
enormous results.
The animals which work for us show the
character, as men do, in their work ; and ther
fore, in speaking of the working animals, L
me inquire, first, how they acquit themselvi
in service. The time when these animals a;
grandest is not, I think, their idle time ; n(
the hours they pass in luxurious indolence
summer noontide, under the shade of widel;
spreading trees, but their moments of supren
ettbrt in harness, dragging great wains hon
in the late evening, when the sky is charg(
with thunder and the harvest is hastily gar,
ered.
The difference of custom in the employmei
of oxen cannot be seen in a more strikii
manner than by visiting two old French citie
Sens and Autun, each on a market-day.
the fifteen hundred vehicles that go to tl
market at Sens, not one is drawn by oxei
or if there should be one, it is a chance whi(
may happen twice in a twelvemonth
Autun, on the contrary, you will find perha:
a thousand pairs, all the heavy work beii
given to oxen in that neighborhood, whil
the light work, requiring speed, is reservi
for horses.
In writing about the bovines it seems as
it would be an omission not to speak of tl
most magnificent example of their strengt
the rage and fary of the bull, but in the
papers I intend to confine myself pret
strictly to what I have seen, passing on
with the most rapid allusion what I have ref
of or heard about, else there would be no ei
to the subject. Now, I never saw a bull real
in a rage except once, and then most of tl
time, as the reader will see presently, I neoe
sarily had my back to him, and could obser
vcrj' little. It fell out in this wise. The pr
sent writer was descending a certain mo
lovely trout-stream, in his canoe, on a beau
ful morning in June. In one place thestrea
passed through a great park-like pasture, ai
in the pasture were a herd of oxen with a ve)
fine tawny-colored bull. This bull took oflFe^
at the canoe and became furious. He begi
by galloping alongside and bellowing,
afterwards dashed into the stream. Had 1
been a better strategist, he would have do:
this below me and cut oflT my retreat, but t!
road was open before me and I paddled forli
The bull got on astonishingly fast, though,
8)iite of the rough, stony river-bed. The wat
may have been seven inches deep, the currei
luckily, rapid, but great were my apprehe
sions of grounding, tor had I once stuck fa
my enemy would have been upon me
length we came to a deep pool, with a qua
tity of snags. I slipped through these, b
they stopped the bull, who floundered abo
THE FRIEND.
251
ii- awhile, and by tlio time ho got to shore
,'ain 1 was safe in an impenetrable cover.
A donkey's temper is closclj- connected
ith the barometer; he is comparatively
niable and vivacious when the air is dry,
at he subsides into sullen sluggishness under
le influences of humidity. As to the state
;■ the roads, he is delicate as a prettih'booted
ilv. Mud is his abomination ; he cannot en-
mo to splash himself, and will not trot on
u.My macadam till compelled by the cruelty
;■ his driver.
I have never yet seen the donkey which
3uld be guided easily and safely through an
Ltrii-ate "crowd of carriages or on a really
angerous road. The deficiency of the ass
my be expressed in a single word ; it is de-
ciency of delicacy. You can guide a good
orse as delicately as a sailing- boat ; when the
iilful driver has an inch to spare he is per-
ictly at his ease, and he can twist in and out
mongst the throng of vehicles when a mo-
lentary display of selfwill in the animal
ould bo the cause of an immediate accident.
he ass appears to be incapable of anj- delicate
iscipline of this kind. He may bo strong,
srift, courageous, entirely free from any seri-
ns vice, but he is always in a greater or less
agree unmanageable. When he is reall}-
icious, that is another matter. There is no
ad to his inventions, for he is quite as intel-
jent as the horse, and a thousand times more
different to man's opinion or man's punish-
lent. I have seen a donkey feign death so
erfectly as to take in everybody but his
laster, who had been too often a spectator
f that little comedy. Many asses are danger-
as biters. It is probable that the idea of
sing the ass for service would scarcclj- have
ccurred to any modern nation if it had not
Dme to us from the East. In hot sunshine
38 ass is at his best, and in the drj- atmos-
here of Palestine or Egypt he may display
permanent activity. Besides, in those coun-
ries he has the immense advantage of posses-
,ng a foil to set ofi' such merits as arc really
is. People who are accustomed to the camel,
be most stupid of domesticated brutes, may
dmire the ass by contrast, as Sir Samuel
iaker did. And there are races of Oriental
sees far superior in elegance to ours, and
uperior perhaps in delicacy and docility.
CTo be continued.)
For "The Friend."
Chnrcli Discipline.
A recent number of The Independent con-
ains some remarks on this subject, by W. C.
Vilkinson, which are much in accordance
yith the spirit of our own Discipline, which
eeks the restoration of those who have fallen
nto evil, and the preservation of the Church
,8 an organized body of disciples, exemplily-
ng in their daily lives, the doctrines they
(rofess. The following passages are extracted
i:om the article alluded to.
"The law of church discipline is laid down
>y the Supreme Lawgiver himself of the
jhurch. in the eighteenth chapter of Matthew.
Dhe whole statute is a statute suffused with a
■,ender spirit of love. There is nothing hard
>r harsh in any of its provisions. It enjoins
brbearance and admonition, and onlj^ in the
ast degree of its application commands sever-
ince of a member from the body. It is of
'hurch discipline as conducted according to
;he letter and in the spirit of this law of the
uord that I speak. Church discipline thus
ionducted does no harm to any interest what.
ever. On the contrary, it serves many im-
portant uses, some of which I desire here to
enumerate.
'■ In the first place, church discipline, law-
fully and lovingly conducted, tends to reclaim
the oflending member.
" This is manifestly a leading object had in
view bj- Christ himself in the ordinance ol
church discipline. It is noteworthy that the
ordinance projier is immediately preceded in
the text bj- what it is proper to regard in the
light of a touching and significant parable.
The Lord supposes the case of one sheep lost
out of the flock of a hundred, ' Doth not the
owner,' Christ asks, 'leave the ninety and
nine, and goeth into the mountains and sceketh
that which is gone astray? And if so be that
he find it, verily I say unto you he rejoiceth
more of that sheep than of the ninety and
nine that went not astray. Even so it is not
the will of your Father which is in Heaven
that one of these little ones should perish.'
The provisions of the statute regulating church
discipline immediately follow. That tender,
healing, balsamic expression, 'thou hast gain-
ed thy brother,' is another unmistakable note
of the reclaiming object that was prominent
in the thought of the Divine Lawgiver when
he promulgated the law of his kingdom.
Church discipline is primarily, then, only
brotherly watch-care. It begins when the
transgression is recent, and seeks to close be-
fore the transgressor that hard path on which
he has entered at his very first step in it. It
leads the transgressor to make confession of
his fault — an act of Christian obedience, with
one exception, the most difficult and at the
same time most fruitful that any Christian
can perform.
"In the second place, church discipline,
rightly conducted, tends to promote the moral
and spiritual benefit of those who conduct it.
" I know that precisely the opposite opinion
as to the tendency of church discipline is very
current. But this is because the nature itself
of church discipline is radically misconceived.
It is not a judicial procedure. It is a process
of spontaneous peace-making. It is not official
It is brotherly. And brotherly admonition I
reckon, beyond even the grace of confession
the highest and hardest and rarest office of
Christian obedience toward a fellow-disciple.
ISTo doubt it is fatally easy for a brother ag-
grieved to go in a spirit of anger to the author
member — the law of Christ seems to suppose
that the entire Church, as a body, engage in
it. All the members, then, are active partici-
pants and none are mere spectators of the
procedure. But the initiatory and interme-
diate steps, although these should, in fulfil-
ment of the manifest intention of Christ, be
as private and confidential as possible, will, in
the nature of things, often inevitably be ob-
served by some members that are not them-
selves implicated in the practical responsi-
bility of the measures. There will somehow
be diffused more or less widely through the
body a sense of an unusual activity in the vis
medicatrix which is lodged in the Church,
working toward a particular member where
there is felt to be a wound. The Church is
one body, and it is not possible for any single
member of it to suffer alone. There will bo
a certain indefinable consciousness spread
throughout a considerable part, at least, of
the Church that a rally and muster of the re-
served recuperative forces of the organism is
in progress. As far as this is the case so far
there will be experienced a reflected sense of
circumspection and fear on the part of each
member for himself, lest he, too, in his turn,
prove the occasion of a similar disturbance
and a similar eft'ort at self-recovery to the
body. We are all of us so constituted that
we do not like to have the rebuking and cor-
recting ofliees of others directed toward us.
There is a strange instinct in us all to shrink
from becoming the object of moral reprehen-
sion, however kind anil however healing, with
our fellows. The just dread of this is one of
the most effective deterrents from wrong-
doing that the relations of man to man can
furnish. It was the wise purpose of Christ in
legislating for his Church to provide a system
of means bj' which the .scattered rays of moral
public opinion could be promptly gathered
and brought to a focus upon any member in
the body that needed a concentration of ex-
ternal influence to reduce him to propriety in
behavior. It is a sad loss to the good of all
when this beneficent Divine provision is suf-
fered to fall into neglect and disuse."
"In the exercise of church discipline the
effort is to restore a mutual harmony in some
degree impaired. The remedy is expressly
adapted to the disease. The members them-
selves, between whom the breach of relation
has occurred, are set to repairing the breach.
Sfthcfn-ievanceandratehimroundlyfor his If they fail, then other members are sum-
moned to re-enforce their inettectual eftorts.
Finally, if need arise, the whole body concen-
trates its vital reparative force at the point
of rupture. If the utmost energy of the or-
ganism prove insufficient to restore the offend-
ing member to his place and ofiSce, then, with
onesupremoagony of self-recovery, the offend-
ing; member is cut oftV
fault. But this is crimination, not admoni-
tion. It begets recrimination, not confession.
To admonish a brother, as a brother, for his
sake, rather than for your own, ah I that is
about the last achievement of grace in a hu-
man heart. But this is what the law of church
discipline requires on the part of those who
conduct it. What courage, coupled with what
humility; what firmness, coupled with what
gentleness ; what pureuess, coupled with what
sense of fellow-weakness ; what wisdom, what
patience, what unselfishness, what love does
the proper exercise of church discipline sup-
pose on the part of those who administer it!
To what a pitch of holy endeavor does it re-
quire them to rise !
" In the third place, church discipline pro-
perly administered, has a wholesome admoni-
tory and restraining effect upon those mem-
bers who do not directly participate in ad-
ministering it.
"If discipline undertaken proceeds to its
last degree — the expulsion of the offending
Fifth Tnonth, 1803.— About these days my
situation was that of secret mourning and
lamentation, not for the dead, but for them
that were gone into captivity, and for the
slain of the daughter of my people. O Lord,
by whom shall Jacob's seed arise, seejng it is
so small and oppressed! — Richard Jordan.
How descriptive is the above of the mourn-
ful feelings and plaintive appeals of some in
the present day I The sorrowful language of
whose hearts at times is, ''The ways of Zion
do mourn," &c. ; " her enemies prosper," &c. ;
" how doth the city sit solitary, that was full
of people," &c.
252
THE FRIEND.
What a comment is the following on the
vanity of riches!
Nathan Rothschild, of London. — The high
priest of the exchange was not happy, even
in the midst of his overflowing coffers. Natur-
ally enough, he had few friends and number-
less enemies. In later years he suffered from
constant dread of assassination. He was al-
ways receiving threatening letters, declaring
that his life depended on his sending certain
Bums of money to certain addresses. He
scented murder in every breeze, suspected
poison in eVery cup. In sleep, ho had night-
mare visions of crouching things : in waking
hours, he started at every unexpected noise.
One morning two strangers were announ-
ced as having important business with the
banker, and they were shown into his private
ofBee. He bowed to them, and inquired the
nature of their negotiation. They bowed and
said nothing, but advanced toward him, thrust-
ing their fingers nervously into their pockets.
Kothschild's alarm was excited at once. They
must be searching for concealed weapons :
their bearded faces made it clear to his fright-
ened fanc}' that they were homicidal rufBans.
He retreated in terror behind a large desk,
seized a ponderous ledger, hurled it at their
Leads, and screamed " murder," at the top of
his voice. A small army of clerks poured into
the room, and laid violent hands on the
strangers, who proved to be wealthy Polish
bankers, bringing letters of intioduction to
the (physically timid) lion of loans. Embar-
rassed by his auriferously august presence —
what is there in a breathing money-bag capa-
ble of inspiring awe? — thej- forgot their speech
and their common coolness of conduct. They
■were nearly as much terrified as the renowned
Israelite ; and, as it was their initial visit to
England, they imagined at first that all
foreigners were deemed robbers and despe-
radoes until the contrary was established.
The wretchedly rich Nathan never went
out alone after dark, never entered an un-
lighted room, had servants within call of his
bed chamber, slept with loaded pistols under
his pillow.
A fellow-Prankforter, dining with him one
evening, and, observing the luxury of his
household, remarked: •' You must be happy,
baron, with the power to gratify every wish."
" Happy, indeed 1" was the response. " Do
you think it happiness to be haunted always
with the dread of murder, to have your appe-
tite for breakfast sharpened by a threat to
stab you to the heart unless you enclose a
thousand guineas to some unknown villain ?"
On one occasion, when the great financier
had been to an evening party, and had gotten
into his carriage to go home, a friend, wishing
to make an appointment, stepped out to speak
to him. The timorous banker mistook his
familiar for a highwayman, and thrust a pistol
out of the carriage window, with his favorite
cry of " Murder 1" before he could be acquaint-
ed with the situation.
As Eothschild grew richer and older his
fears increased. Ho became almost a mono-
maniac'on the subject of assassination, and
many of his relatives thought him in serious
danger of insanity through his constant aj)-
prehensions. Most of the menacing messages
"were unquestionably sent by his enemies, with
whom he was plentifully supplied. Conscious
of his weakness, they revenged themselves
upon him by inspiring him with baseless ter-
rors. Ho was repeatedly told so, but he could
not be induced to believe that he did not dwell
in an atmosphere of poisons, poinards and
pistols. — Harpefs Magazine.
MY DARLINGS.
Selected.
When steps are hurrying horaewaril,
And night the world o'erspreads,
And I see at the open windows
The shining of little heads,
I think of you, my darlings,
In your low and lonesome beds.
And when the latch is lifted,
And I hear the voices glad,
I feel my arms more empty,
My heart more widely sad ;
For we measure dearth of blessings
By the blessings we have had.
But sometimes in sweet visions
My faith to sight expands, _
And with my babes in his bosom,
My Loi-d before me stands,
And I feel on my head, bowed lowly
The touches of little hands.
Then pain is lost in patience,
And tears no longer flow ;
They are only de.ad to the sorrow
And sin of life, I know.
Alice Cary.
Selected,
PRAYEE FOE STRENGTH.
Father ! before thy footstool kneeling.
Once more my heart goes up to Thee ;
For aid, for strength, to Thee appealing,
Thou who alone canst succor me.
Hear me ! for heart and flesh are failing —
My spirit yielding in the strife;
And anguish, wild as unavailing.
Sweeps in a flood across my life.
Help me to stem the tide of sorrow ;
Help me to bear Thy chastening rod;
Give me endurance ; let me borrow
Strength from thy promise, O my God!
Not mine the grief which words may lighten ;
Not mine the tears of common woe:
The pang with which my heart-strings tighten,
Only the All-seeing One may know.
And I am weak ; my feeble spirit
Shrinks from life's task in wild dismay :
Yet not that Thou that task wouldst spare it,
My Father, do I dare to pray.
Into my soul Thy might infusing.
Strengthen my spirit by Thine own,
Help me — all other aid refusing —
To cling to Thee, and Thee alone.
And oh ! in my exceeding weakness
Make Thy strength perfect : Thou art strong I
Aid me to do thy will with meekness,
Thou, to whom all my powers belong.
Saviour ! our human form once wearing,
Help, by the memory of that day.
When painfully Thy dark cross bearing.
E'en for a time Thy strength gave way.
Beneath a lighter burden sinking,
Jesus, I cast myself on Thee;
Forgive, forgive this useless shrinking
From trials that I know must be.
Oh ! let me feel that Thou art near me.
Close to Thy side I shall not fear.
Hear me, O strength of Israel ! hear me;
Sustain and aid ! in mercy, hear !
Selected.
Since trifles make the sum of human things.
And half our misery from our foibles springs ;
Since life's best joys consist in peace and ease,
And few can save or serve, but all may please :
Oh ! let th' ungentle spirit learn from hence
A small unkindness is a great offence.
Large bounties to restore we wish in vain,
But all may shun the guilt of giving pain.
Hannah More.
For "The Friend."; ,
Believingthefollowingextractfrom PriendS'
Library, entitled "Institution of the Diseip
line," vol. 1st page 123, may be interesting t^
the readers of " The Priend," it is sent for in
sertion therein.
" In John Burnyeat's Journal, he observe:
thatat the Half- Year's Meeting at Oyster Bay
on Long Island, in the Eighth month, 1671
Priends were much troubled with ' severa
who rose up in a wrong spirit,' against th^ '
blessed order which Priends were gatherei
into and sweetly settling in ; and their env;
and bitterness was chiefly against George Po:
and his papers of wholesome advice, which ii
the love of God, he had sent among Priends,
Those papers were doubtless the Epistle
issued by that eminent man on the subject o
discipline, which were received in this coun ■
iry and noticed on the minutes as authorita
live in the Society. That the Discipline a
instituted by him, was substantially the sam^
as that now existing, at least in its principa
features, the following extracts will illustrate:
Thej^ also evince the comprehensiveness o
his mind, which with no other external guid. ■
than the New Testament, marked out a sys
tem of church government embracing so mam
important points, and so completely adapte(
to the various circumstances of the Society
that, through all the changes which have oc
curred in a period of more than one hundre(
and seventy years, it has been found adequat
to meet the wants of the church. These ex
tracts are rendered more interesting also, bi,
the view which they give of the amiable ano
excellent traits of his character. Love to thi'
brotherhood and to all mankind — a desire t(
promote peace and happiness among his breth
ren ; sympathy for the afflicted ; care for thi
destitute ; liberality to the needy; tendernes;
and forbearance toward the erring, and kind
ness and courtesy to all, are strongly market
throughout the whole.
No man of unprejudiced mind and compe
tent judgment, can peruse the disciplinary
regulations made by George Pox, withou
being struck with the wisdom, moderation
and christian dignity and propriety which dis
tinguished them. 'There is no character it
Christian history since the dtiys of its divine
Founder,' says the Annual Eeview and His
tory of Literature, ' more free from spot oi
stain, than that of George Pox. It is not lest
absurd to pronounce him insane from his writ
ings, than it would be to pronounce Crom
well a fool from his speeches. By their ac
tions they are to be judged. No form of civi
polity so unexceptionable in its means anci
end, so beautiful in all its parts, so perfect at
a whole, has ever been imagined in philosophii
cal romance, or proposed in theory, as thifc
man conceived, established and reduced tc
practice.'
Such is the opinion respecting George Pos
and the Discipline, expressed by persons not
members of the Society of Priends, and con-
sequently not likely to be influenced by seC'
tarian partialities. It is not surprising if those
who enjoy the privileges of membership, and
realize the beneficial and happy effects result-
ing from the institution which he was the
instrument of establishing, should love the
character of the man, and cling with religious
veneration to the principles and practices ol
their forefathers, from which they have de-
rived superior advantages for so many genera-
tions."
THE FRIEND.
253
nthanging Climate of llie Atlantic Coast— Laws
of tlie Weatlicr.
i We have in this city a very skilful and
iareful observer of the weather — Daniel Dra-
per, director of the Meteorological Obscrva-
ory at Central Park. Persons who lounge
lirough the lower room of the Museum build-
!]g at the Park, and notice with curiosity
,ae records of the thermometer and barome-
jr and ancometer, get but a poor idea of the
jal labors of the director. The solid fruits
f his toil appear in his annual reports, where
e classifies and makes instructive use of the
nyriad data thus obtained, and deduces re-
'alts of great value. His last report just
'isued, is rich in philosophical truths. It
ontains not merely what he can pick up at
he Park, but laborious comparisons of obser-
■ations for several points on the Atlantic coast
)r terms of years, and the conclusions justly
ased thereon. D. Draper is the persistent foe
f one popular fallac}- — and in this number he
eems to demolish it altogether. The fallacy
Ij this (it is very prevalent among old people)
-that the temperature of the Atlantic States
'i becoming warmer. This notion, often ex-
iressed in current literature, ought to disap-
lear from print after the severe handling it
eceives from this meteorological expert. This
■ear he confines his investigations to the
months of June, July and August in groups of
ive years, at various points on the coast, and
ve give the general results. For New York
he moan of four groups of five years each for
he months given is 71. S3 degrees, and the
aean of the same months for thirty-three
uccessive years is 72.09. The Philadelphia
ecords for four groups of five years each
Ihow a mean of 73.57 degrees, and the mean
if the same months for fifty-six years is 73.79.
Che Boston observations date back eighty-
'bar years, and the mean for the three months
3 69.43, and that for the four groups, &c., is
19.39. At Charleston, the mean of four groups,
lelectod from observations between 1750 and
'854 is 80.12, and there is no variation worth
nentioning from one end of the scale to the
Hher. The registrations for New Haven
over a period of eighty-six years, and the
nean is 69.76 degrees, and that for the group
elections 69.77. Incidentally, we would no-
ice the difference in the mean temperature
'if all these places as follows, for the longest
arms of the observations : — -Boston, 69.43 ;
!few Haven, 69.76; New York, 72.09 ; Phila-
lelphia, 73.79, and Charleston, 80.12. From
hese tables D. Draper deduces the truth that
here has been no change in the temperature
)f the three hot months of the year in the
Atlantic States, thus strengthening the opin-
on maintained by him last year in his inves-
■igations of the winter months, as far back as
ve have any records. In the report of 1872
le also showed that, taking the i-ainfalls in
iUccessive periods often years each, and com-
)aring them, there is no apparent increase or
liminution in the mean quantity of rain ; also
hat the number of daj's that the Hudson
iliver had remained closed, taken in periods
)f ten years, from 1817 to 1867, was about 91
innually, and that the mean did not vary
luring the entire period of the record. Sta-
:i8tic8 at New Orleans, Cincinnati, St. Paul
ind other places, as far as they go, indicate
4 like stabiHty of climate. Turning from this
lubject the author inquires — Whatis thodirec
ion in which atmospheric fluctuations cross
;he United States ?
sands of persons have unpleasant cause tore-
member, a biting cold wind from the north-
west swept over a vast tract of country, kill
ing deciduous and evergreen trees by the
million. The Central Park alone lost eight
thousand trees by this unseasonable blast.
Our own investigations made at the timo
showed a wide-spread destruction all over
Long Island, New Jer.sey, the New I'lngland
States, and West as far as the Rocky Moun-
tains. D. Draper, studying the histor}' of this
phenomenon, finds that the cold wind made
itself first felt on March 13, in the region be-
tween the Rocky Mountains and the Missis-
sippi. It had a front of at least 1,000 miles,
and a velocity of 500 miles a day, and lowered
the temperature of pices over which it passed
by more than 20 degrees. On the 14th it
traversed the space between the Mississippi
and the Alleghany range; on the 15th it
For "The Friend."
Some of the editorial remarks in the ISlh
number of the " Friend," do not dovetail with
some in the 29th number. After a quotation
from Robert Barclay on the subject of Divine
worship, it is said : " The prearranged read-
ing of the Scriptures, is as much will-worship
and statetl service or ritual, as is reading the
liturgy in the ' Established Church.' Much
has been said, both in this country and in
England, to reconcile Friends to having the
Scriptures read in their meetings, but we can-
not see how any one, understanding and hold-
ing the doctrine of Friends in relation to the
spirituality of Divine worship, and the neces-
sity for the direct influence of the Holy Spirit
for every act of worship, can (/ive countenance
to such an open violation of that fundamental
doctrine, as to assemble with those who practise
it." In the 29th number, it is said : " While
wo believe that those who are in the practice
of those things," (reading the ScriiHurcs or
singingpsalmsorhymns)," have no valid claim
to the character or name of Friends, yet we
apprehend the time has not come, when those
who adhere to the doctrines and testimonies
which Friends have ever held, and who alone
are the true Societ}- of Friends, are prepared
to determine what further the Head of the
church requires at their hands."
Now, it appears clear to me, that the writer
in the 18th number thought the "time had
come," when Friends thus situated (as describ-
ed) should "determine what further the Head
of the church requires at their hands." A
course to be pursued is even pointed out for
them. " We would suppose they would great-
ly prefer to sit down with their families at
their own homes, and there wait reverently
upon the Father of Spirits, than submit to
such a ceremony, such an impediment to the
most solemn act in which their souls can bo
engaged." The views held out in the para-
graph quoted (18th number), are in accord-
ance with those of Robert Barclay, published
nearly two hundred years ago, and to which
the Society of Friends has set its hand and
seal, believing that ho wrote under Divine
direction and guidance, and therefore, the
Head of the church has "determined" for
Friends what they may and ought to do
under such circumstances. So"' that we con-
clude with Robert Barclay, " That where a
people are gathered together into the belief of
the principles and doctrines of the gospel of
Christ, if any of that people shall go from
their principles, and assort things false and
contrary to what they have already received;
such as stand and abide firm in the faith, have
power by the Spirit of God, after they have
used Christian endeavors to convince and re-
claim them, upon their obstinacy, to separate
from such, and to exclude them from their
spiritual fellowship and communion, for other-
ways if this be denied, farewell to all Chris-
tianity, or to the maintaining of any sound
doctrine in the church of Christ." A.
[The ditterence, between those members of a
meeting, where the reading of the Scriptures
has been introduced as part of its 'service,"
worshipping at their own homes, and Friends
as a Society deciding " what further the Head
of the church requires at their hands," is so
clear and decided, that we apprehend few, if
How hard it is for wise people to become any other of our readers do not see and com-
fools ; indeed it seems as though they would prehend it, and therefore that it is not neces-
rather remain fools than become wise through sary to enter into any explanation respecting
In March, 1872, as thou- ' this medium. — Richard Jordan. ' it. — Eds.]
swept on to the Atlantic coast, and thence
out to sea. This terrible wind followed a
course perfectly wcll-dcfinod by barometrical
and thrermometrical records ; and it is the
same course taken by all the great atmosphe-
ric waves, cold or warm, which pass over the
Atlantic slope of the United States. Their
uniform direction is towards the East. Ta-
bles also indicate that while some of the
atmospheric movements ai'e cyclonic, or ar-
ranged round a central point, many are ana-
logous to those exhibited bj- the ocean waves,
long and straight, with maxima and minima
lines. The great rainstorms over the same re-
gion generallj' move in an easterly direction.
D. Draper presents tables of the movements
of storms originating in this countrj'and tra-
versing the Atlantic" Ocean. Within certain
limits the time of their passage may be pre-
dicted. From a comparison of the registers
at the Central Park Observatory and those
of Valentia and Falmouth he obtains this law
— In the case of an easterly wind which is
travelling about 200 miles in 24 hours, find
the exact time of the lowest reading of the
barometer, and ascertain the speed of the
storm for 24 hours before and 24 hours after
that time, and the mean of these two numbers
will give the rate of progress in 24 hours ;
then divide 4.200 by this last number, and
the quotient will express the number of days
required for the storm to cross from New York
to Falmouth or Valentia. D. Draper gives
one example out of many to demonstrate
this. October 4, 1869, there occurred a low
barometer at the Park Observatory. In tbc 24
hours previous, the wind had made 313 miles,
and in the next 24 hours it made 286 miles —
the mean being 299. Dividing 4,200 by this,
the theoretical time of passage across the At-
lantic was 14 days, and the date of its arrival
at Falmouth October 18. TheEnglish weather
reports proved that the actual time of its arri-
val was on the calculated day. D. Draper
notices the curious occasional lact that storms
leaving this side of the Atlantic several days
apart arrive in the British Island on the same
day ; also, that there are instances in which
the last storm overpasses the first by several
days. Out of eighty-six atmospheiic disturb-
ances expected to cross the Atlantic, only
three seemed to have failed. — Journal of Com-
merce.
254
THE FRIEND.
For "The Friend."
John Heald.
(CoDtinned from page 242.)
" 2d mo. 12th, 1819. At Madison I took up
some time in treating on silent worship, show-
ing that it was nowhere commanded by the
Divine Master, that [his disciples] should
preach at all iiieetings they came to. The
fashion or custom ofpreaching as now used may
cause people to think this must be right, and
without examining impartially we are lia-
ble to be imposed on. The Master entered
into a synagogue and stood up to read, and
received the book of the Prophet Isaiah, and,
when he had read a few lines, returned the
book and sat down, and the eyes of all the
people were fixed on Him. Was there not a
sitting in silence then ? I suppose more can
be said in favor of silent waiting than many
are aware of. When there was silence in
Heaven for the space of half an hour, nothing
is said of its being wrong or unacceptable.
We are instructed to pray. Thy kingdom
come, thy will be done in earth as it is in hea-
ven ; and we ought to wait to know what the
will of Heaven is, and then endeavor to do it.
Where two or three are gathered together in
my name, there am I in the midst. Here not
a word is said of preaching to them.
Euth Spencer had notice given of a meet-
ing at a place called Log City, to which we
went. The meeting was in a school-house
which was filled to overflowing. Eiith spoke
a short time, and I followed, and in closing
desired them not to put off the necessarj^ pre-
paration for death, until the things concern-
ing their peace be hid from their ej-es; as did
the people formerly whom our Saviour wept
ovei-, saying, O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, thou
that killest the prophets and stonest them
that are sent unto thee, how often would 1
have gathered thy children, even as a hen
gathereth her chickens under her wings, but
ye would not ; now the things belonging
to your peace are hid from your eyes. This
is a deplorable state for a poor creature to fall
into. A man made some objection to this, and
wished me to explain the last sentence. Some
others called on him not to disturb the meet-
ing now. Euth made some pertinent remarks,
and said that God's spirit would not always
strive with those who would not be gathered ;
that the destruction of such was of them-
selves. The man again retorted, when she
said she wished none might put off till no
way remained for them to be gathered, but
they must be cast off. It was a solemn time
on the minds of the people generally.
18th. We attended the Quarterly Meeting
at Duanesburg. My mind labored under an
exercise in regard to the j-outh. In manj'
places, two or three families live detached
from Society, and sometimes a family alone,
and schools nearly all made up of other peo-
ple. In attending to the answers to the Que-
ries, there appeared to be divers instances of
deviation in dress and address, and in the un-
necessary use of strong drink ; and so far as
I had passed, there were very few children
favored with a guarded education, but were
generally put under the care of other people
to bo taught. Under a sense of the probabilitj'
that they would imbibe some improper views
from their teachers, mj' mind became deepl}-
exercised. When I thought of expressing my
concern to the men, I wanted the women to
hear, and I could find no way more likely [to
yield relief] than to request that the parti-
tions be opened. This was readily acceded
to, and I opened my concern. I moreover
mentioned that I rejoiced in finding so much
tenderness among the dear young people, that
were preserved as well as they were. When
I had cleared myself, Anna M. Thorn of Nine
Partners, followed, and there was much ten-
derness among both old and young.
23d. At Middlefield, my mind soon felt a
concern of a trying kind. I mentioned the
young man who came to our Saviour, saying,
What good thing shall I do that I may in-
herit eternal life. It seemed he had a serious,
inquiring turn of mind, wanted to enjoy feli-
city, but when he heard what was to be parted
with, he went away sorrowful. Thus many
are in degree inquiring, O what shall I do
that I may be happy ! Here with many ends
the concern, and it is often forgotten for a
length of time, though it is so clearly seen
that something should be done. It seemed
to me that I never felt so much indifference
in any meeting, and I labored long to gain a
little sober attention, and in a degree of love
concluded.
24th. Yesterday afternoon and this morn-
ing I felt grieved for the people. Sadness of
heart was my lot, because there seemed to be
no entrance to engage their attention to their
truest interest. Though this was a general
sense, I believe their were some sincere, ten-
der-hearted ones among them.
25th. At Charleston. O how poor I feel
this morning. I do not know but that I have
somehow missed the way that I should go,
and I do not know where it is I have missed,
if I have taken an improper step. It was
dreadful to me to go on toward the meeting,
but we got there in time and sat down.
Some small opening presented to my mind,
and at length it felt as though I must offer
the little, and I said, He that knew his Lord's
will, and did it not, should be beaten with
many stripes. To our own Master, we must
either stand or fall, and He whom we profess
to serve, knows all our weakness or Irailty.
He kno'ws the ability we are furnished with,
and we can hide nothing from Him. Going
on in fear and under a sense of much weak-
ness and some trembling, proceeding carefully
as way and matter opened, I treated of the
attention due from parents to children, and
from children to parents ; and how desirable
to parents, after they have by night and by
day attended to the wants of their dear chil-
dren, that when they require them to do
something, they obey with readiness, doing
as well as they know how. But if perverse
disobedience be the way they practise, how
far this is from being acceptable to the pa-
rents, how far from making a grateful return
for so great care. And should not we j'ield
obedience to the Great Parent ? Is it not
ingratitude to neglect to obey Him ? Shall
we receive many blessings and be desirous of
more, and return feigned, pretended obedi-
ence ? As I proceeded I felt strength to in-
crease, and tenderness and solemnity spread
over the assembly, and it became a season of
fiivor, and my heart breathed thankfulness
and praise to the bountiful Giver. Before
parting I bid them an affectionate farewell,
and commended them to God and the Word
of His Grace. They appeared after meeting
sulemn, not going into light or vain conver-
sation, as in some places I have painfully
witnessed.
27th. We attended Monthly Meeting at
Duanesburg. Before the business came on
had a short testimony which was close, sa]i
ing, that things will not always be in th'
way they are in, that such as are lifted u
will be brought down, and such as areof lol
degree will be exalted, those who are wise i'
their own eyes, and prudent in their own coi
ceit, will be brought down, while the humbl
who are little in their own esteem and of lo"
estate are exalted. It was trying exercisi
but when I had got through I sat down n
leased. This communication had considei
able reach on divers that were present.
Last evening we received letters from on
connections and friends at home, giving a
account of their welfare, which has been re
newed cause of thankfulness to the Father c
mercies, that as ho had been pleased to ei
gage me to leave these dear objects of m;
love. He had preserved them and me too, i
being now near six months since receivin^
any account from them.
28th. Attended a meeting at Duanesburg
I sat tryingly exercised for some time, the
arose and said. The winter is gone, the rai
is over and past, the time of the singing o
birds is come, and the voice of the turtle i
heard in the land. I then intimated that th
description fitly applied to the poor, tried sou
that has been tempted and buffeted, and ha
passed through these difficulties with conflie
and adversity, and begins to feel the genia' ■
warmth of the Sun of righteousness to arise
Ah how pleasing to realize the winter to b
gone, the rain over and past, the time of th|
singing of birds to be come and the voice of th'
turtle to be heard in the land ! How consoling
how rejoicing, to experience what is no doub
intended to be conveyed by this passage! Th
preciousness of it is sufficient to cause th
heart of the widow to sing for joy. But, m;
friends, after all this [how sorrowful it wouk
be if] there should bo a sitting down at ease
a forgetfulness of past favors, and resting sat'
isfied in the time of prosperity, the time o
advorsitj' and of favor too, forgotten. Thi
state of ease is too natural to us, and withou':
watchfulness we are very liable to fall int('
it; and in the times set apart for our solemi
approaches to our Maker to permit the mine
to wander, and to stray away after the de
lights of this world, the amusing gratifica
tions of the things of time. I was favored t(
bring several ideas feelingly to view, and .
believe the minds of many were humblinglj
impressed. I wanted that the humble, care-
ful travellers should be encouraged, and 1 be
lieve they were; and the negligent warned.'
(To be continued.)
The Foot of a Horse. — The human hand ha
often been taken to illustrate Divine wisdon
— and very well. But have you ever examine(
your horse's hoof. It is hardly less euriou
in its way. Its parts are somewhat more com
plicated, yet their design is simple and obvi
ous. The hoof is not, as it appears to thi
careless eye, a mere lump of insensible bone
fastened to the leg bj' a joint. It is made uj
of a series of thin laj'ers, or leaves, of horn
about five hundred in number, and nicely fit
ted to each other, and forming a lining to th(
foot itself Then there are as many mon
layers, belonging to what is called the " coflin
bone," and fitted into this. These are elastic
Take a quire of paper and insert the leavei
one by one into those of another quire, anc
you will get some idea of the arrangement o;
THE FRIEND.
255
he several layers. Now, the weight of the
iiorsc rests on as many elastic springs as there
;,re la3'ers in his four feet — about four thou-
land ; and all this is contrived, not only for
he conveyance of his own bodj', but for what-
ver burdens may be laid on him. — Rural
loine.
For "The Friend."
•■ Would you jiidge of the lawfulness or un-
xwfulness of pleasure? of the innoeency or
lalignitj' of actions? take this rule: What-
ver weakens your reason, impairs the tcnder-
es.s of 3'our conscience, obscures your sense of
rod, or takes off the relish of spiritual things ;
|i short, whatever increases the authority of
iOur body over your mind, that thing is sin
,) you, however innocent it may be in itself."
Thy moustache is quite a pretty one — it
'nits nieelj- the general contour of thy face —
'; imparts to thee a half-military-, and sort of
European style, which, with thy broad,
juare shoulders and good carriage, makes
lec one that may well bo admired. Thy
.lothes, and the selection and arrangement of
ay jewelry, are certain to attract the atten-
on of whoever may bo in thy presence. Thy
lanners are sufficiently polished and are quite
ttractive. Thy acquirements are considera-
le — thou art well posted in Shakespeare,
)ickens, and many of the poets. Thy associ-
tes accord thee much attention and prefer-
nce ; the fact is. thou art really verj- popular,
,nd there is a lustre about thee that impresses.
f thj- friends caution thee about thy tastes,
on't attach too much importance to it, for
aey forget the claims as well as the charms
f youth — -they have had their good time, and
;ave outlived their love for externals ; and if
aou should listen to all their admonitions,
aunsels and warnings, thou might pass thy
^lorning in gloom, and bo shut out from bhu-
iiine the best part of thy day; No, no, don't
3gard them — they will get over it. — And
loro than all this, if thou allows thyself to
ecome too conscientious, thou'lt never get
long in business in the world. Sharp, shrewd
len would pluck thee on everj- side, and leave
lee away in the rear to be pointed at as one
aat couldn't make a living.
' Thus has the devil been instructing thee :
'11 this and more too of a similar nature, has
,ie enemy of thy peace, already persuaded
!iee to believe, is true — thou hast imbibed it
II, and the poison is now working — that
mderness of conscience which preserved thee
I earlier life is waning — the light that was
1 thee is growing less and les.s, darker and
.irker. Gross sins thou wast never guilty
% but, " the little foxes are spoiling the ten-
3r vine." The vanity of thy mind, thy love
,r approbation, thj' forgetfulness of thy Crea-
')r, thy ambitious dreams of the future, thj-
iiame of the Master and His word.s, thy fear
.i'the cross of a crucified Lord, thy dread of
le straight and narrow way, thy refusal to
,3ny thyself objects and idols which thou
^lOlcs to be wrong, are all fast sapping thj-
nritual life, and to-daj' thou art further from
od and His salvation than thou wast a few
aars ago.
There is a way to return which thou art
3t ignorant of: — forgiveness afresh, and re- j
)nciliatiou awaits thee. "Repent, for the}
ingdom of Heaven is at hand." And " boast
rt thyself of to-morrow, for thou knowest
3t what a day may bring forth." Accept
)tu the proffered blessing of divine help : re- 1
turn again to Bethel where God met with
thee in the beginning ; repent, and thy soul
shall yet live. Apply thyself with earnest-
ness to the means appointed in God's mercj-
for thy restoration, until enabled to exchange
thy pleasure building of to-day, which hath
onlj- sand for a foundation, for the substantial
and ever enduring felicity of the redeemed.
I know thee not by name or place — only as a
brother for whom Christ died, and whose
cause ho is even now pleading at the Father's
throne : He loves thee, and wants to save thee
so much, and yet I fear thou " will not."
Se.r in Education. — Dr. Clarke, in his little
volume upon this subject, has pointed out in
a very impressive waj^ the bearings of .science
upon a question which has been hitherto
handled with verj' little refei'ence to scientific
principles. He says that the endurance of
women is not equal to that of men, which
everybody claimed to know before; but ho
says that this inequality of endurance must
shape school policj-, which has not hitherto
been admitted, and he furthermore discloses
the mischiovious and fatal consequences that
follow in our schools from practically disre-
garding the physical differences of sex. The
effects of exjjosing girls to the same school
method and discipline as lioys are injurious
and often fatal to health, but from their na-
ture they are studiously concealed, and in the
present temper of public feeling are often
persistentlj' denied. The doctor, however,
has studied the c]uestion as a physician, and
the book abounds with painful evidences that
he has studied it to some purpose. He shows
what must be the inevitable consequences of
the co-education of the sexes carried out as a
system, and maintains that what science pre-
dicts experience verifies. Ho says : "A phi-
lanthropist and an intelligent observer, who
has for a long time taken an active part in
promoting the best education of the sexes,
and who still holds some sort of official con-
nection with a college occupied with identical
co-education, told the writer a lew months
ago that he hail endeavored to trace the jiost-
eollege history of the female graduates of the
institution he was interested in. His object
was to ascertain how their physique behaved
under the stress — the wear and tear of wo-
man's work in life. The conclusion that re-
sulted from his inquiry he formulated in the
statement that " the coeducation of the sexes
intellectually a success, phj'sically a failure.' "
— Galaxy.
A Voice from the Past.
Extract from an Epistle issued by Philadelphia
Yearly Meeting in 1833.
The present period is remarkable for the
great number of untlcrtakings that have for
their olject the promotion of moral, religious
or benevolent purposes, and in which the co-
operation of Friends is often solicited. We
believe that a frecjuent or familiar association
with the world and with those who do not
conform to our principles or practices, whe-
ther by writing or carrying on stich plans, or
in our common intercourse among men, is
calculated to have a weakening effect on the
mind, to leaven us into the spirit of the world,
and expose us to temptation, to depart from
our religious testimonies. It behoves us all,
and especially the young convinced, to bo-
ware of the great and increasing activity
which prevails at the present day, lest by
running into things which are not convenient
for them, their spiritual strength may bo
dissipated, and their advancement in the work
of true religion oI>structed.
Be on your guard, dear young Friends,
against too readily joining yourselves with
an}- of these associations. You will find your
safety to consist in stillness and a deep in-
dwelling with the Seed of life in your own
hearts, keeping within the bosom of our own
Society, and in your daily walk in the world,
showing forth a good conversation with meek-
ness of wisdom in all lowlinessof mind. Avoid
entering too freely into conversation on re-
ligious topics, ormeddliiig with suljects which
are too high for you ; and rather seek to learn
in the School of Christ, those things which
belong to 3^our own everlasting peace, than
be forward to engage in religious discussion.
Let nothing induce you to slight the pre-
cious testimonies of truth, either in your dress,
language or deportment, but yield yourselves
to the restraining power of the cross, which
will circumscribe your desires and give j-ou
solid peace and contentment in a plain and
moderate way of living. This will preserve
you also from seeking after wealth, or engag-
ing in great trade or business, both of which
are snares that have entangled many visited
minds, been productive of sorrowful conse-
quences to them, and brought reproach on our
religious profession. Finallj-, dear Friends of
every class, may we all press after an increase
of that heaveidy fellowshij) which .stands in
Christ Jesus, our holy head, that, being bap-
tised by one spirit into one body, we may
experience a united and harmonious travail
for the ])reservation of our religious Society
on its original foundation ; fa- the support of
its testimonies, and the i'aithful administration
of its discijiline ; that thus coming unto Christ
as unto a ''living stone, disallowed indeed of
men. but chosen of ( Jod, and jirecious, we also
as livelj- stones, may bo built up a spiritual
house, an holy priesthood, to offer up spirit-
ual sacrifices, acceptable to God by Jesus
Christ."
(Signed,)
William Evans, Clerk of Men's and
Ruth Ely, Clerk of Women's Yearly
Meetinj^.
Remarkable Memories. — Mary Somerville, in
her recollections, gives the following instances
which came under her observation :
"There was an idiot in Edinburg, the son
of a respectable family, who had a remark-
able memory. He never failed to go to the
kirk on Sunday, and on returning home could
repeat the sermon word for word, saying,
Here the minister coughed, Here he stopped
to blow his nose. During the tour we made
in the Highlands, we met with another idiot
who knew the Bible so perfectly that -if j'ou
asked him where such a verse was to be found,
ho could tell without hesitation, and repeat
the chapter. The common people of Scotland
at that time had a kind of serious compassion
for these harmless idiots, because ' the hand
of God was upon them.'
The wise as well as the foolish are some-
times endowed with a powerful memory. Dr.
Gregory, an eminent Edinburg physician,
one of the cleverest and most agreeable men
I ever met with, was a remarkable instance
of this. Ho wrote and spoke Latin fluently,
and Dr. Somerville, who was a good Latinist,
met with a Latin quotation in some book he
256
THE FRIEND.
was reading, but not knowing from whence
it was taken, asked his friend Dr. Gregory.
'It is forty years since I read that author,'
said Dr. Gregory, 'but I think you will find
the passage in the middle of such a page.'
Dr. Somerville went for the book, and at the
place mentioned there it was."
This belief, of the necessity of imperfection,
is not only dangerous but hurtful ; for instead
of inciting to endeavors after holiness, it dis-
couragos all attempts thereto. For what need
a man set forth towards a city, while be be-
lieves ho shall never come there ? — John
Crook.
THE FRIEND.
THIRD MONTH 28. 1874.
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
Foreign. — An analysis of the returns of the recent
parliamentary elections in Great Britain exhibits tlic
remarkable fact that, although the Conservative party
elected the majority of the House of Commons, the
Liberal party had a majority of the popular votes. The
Liberals polled 756,386 votes throughout the kingdom,
and the Conservatives 690,782, a Liberal majority of
65,654, and yet the Conservatives have a majority of
50 in the House.
Parliament reassembled oji the 19th, and the mem-
bers of the House of Commons were summoned to the
Chamber of the Peers to hear the Queen's speech read.
Among the subjects referred to in the speech, are the
marriage of the Queen's son witli a Rn?sinn princess,
which is regarded as a pledge of friendship between
two great empires; the successful result of the Ashantee
war, and the drought which has aflected the most popu-
lous provinces of the Indian Empire. In reference to
the latter the Queen says: "I have directed the Gov-
ernor-General of India to spare no cost in striving to
mitigate this terrible calamity." Attention is called
to the delay and expense attending the transfer of land
in England, which form a serious obstacle to dealings
in real properly, and it is intended to submit measures
for consideration which will, if adopted, remove mucli
of the evil complained of. A bill will also be intro-
duced dealing with such parts of the acts regulating the
sale of intoxicating lirpiors as have given rise to com-
plaints. Several local matters are referred to, includ-
ing the working of the act affecting the relationship be-
tween master and servant : the act dealing witli oflences
connected with trade, and the law of conspiracy. The
Government desires that Parliament before attempting
fresh legislation on these subjects, should be in posses-
sion of all the material facts and know the precise ques-
tions in controversy, to obtain which knowledge a royal
commission of inquiry has been issued in regard to the
state and working of the laws referred to.
Disraeli gave notice that the government would ask
for the adjournment of the House from the 31st inst. to
4th mo. 13th. He promised that the budget would be
ready on the ICth pro.x.
On the 20th a remarkably high tide occurred on the
eastern coast of England. Ipswich, Yarmouth and Hull,
were partially flooded, and the Thames rose so as in
some places to overflow its banks to the damage of ad-
jacent stores and warehouses. Several persons were
drowned.
General Wolseley and part of the troops of the Afri-
can expedition, have returned to England.
A loan of !?50,000,000 is needed for India, of which
$15,000,000 are w.anted immediately.
Disraeli has refused to receive a deputation that came
to ask for the release of the imprisone<l Fenians.
A decree has been promulgated in Madrid establish-
ing a national bank, granting it a monopoly of the
issuing of bank notes, and compulsorily incorporating
with it all other banks in Spain. In return the new
bank is to make large advances to the government.
No important change in the north of Spain is re-
ported. The lirst movement for the relief of Bilboa,
by way of the river, was a failure. It was found im-
possible toeflect a landing, and the expedition returned
to Santander. An ammunition wagon lately exploded
in Serrano's camp, and killed and wounded lifty men.
The Roman Catholic Bishops in the Austrian Legis-
lature threaten to withdraw if the passage of the eccle-
siastical bill is pressed.
The Prussian Reichstag is reluctant to fix the or-
dinary strength of the army at the high number de-
manded by the government, 400,000 men.
On the 22d, the Generals of the army waited in a
body on the Emperor, and congratulated him on the
reaching of his 77th birth day. The Emperor, in the
course of his reply, referred to the army and declared
that he was determined to maintain its strength, and
thereby ensure the peace of Europe.
After a long debate in the French Assembly, the
resolution censuring the government for its action in
reference to the nomination of mayors of cities was de-
feated by a majority of 62.
The Duke of Padua and other distinguished persons
who took part in the recent demonstration at Chisel-
hurst, have been removed from the mayoralties and
other offices held by them under the government.
The Russian Official Messenger publishes a statistical
table which shows that the fires in that country in 1873
were 22,476 in number, the damage done being esti-
mated at forty-four two-tifths millions of roubles. Out
of that total, five thousand nine hundred and eleven
were caused by acts of imprudence, three thousand one
hundred and forty-one are attributed to malevolence,
eight hundred and sixty-four to lightning.
The diamond fields at the Cape of Good Hope are
now nearly deserted, the majority of the seekers after
wealth having concluded to abandon a quest which en-
tailed severe labor and rarely paid more than expenses.
The revenues of the Suez Canal show a steady in-
crease. The receipts of the 2nd mo. 1872 were 1,333,-
040 francs, those of the same month 1873, 1,852,132
francs, and those of the last 2nd month 2,011,000 francs.
The Bishop of Iceland has issued a pastoral ordering
a religious celebration throughout the island on the
2d day of Eighth' mo. next, in commemoration of the
thousandth anniversary of the first settlement of the
island. A new constitution granted by Denmark will
go info efi'ect at the date mentioned.
K City of Mexico dispatch says : A Catholic mob, on
the night of March 7th, attacked a Protestant chapel in
Puebla, broke the windows and furniture, destroyed
bibles and stoned the pastor.
Prince Kalakua has b?en elected King of the Sand-
wich Islands, to succeed King Lunalilo. The new ruler
is said to be a man of good character and better abilities
than his immediate predecessors.
A recent census of Japan shows the entire population
to be 33,100,000. The Emperor has ordered that his
own income shall pay tax equally with that of his sub-
jects. The malcontents in Fizeu demand that an ex-
pedition shall be sent against Corea. The government
is endeavoring to put down the rebellion, but many of
the military refuse to act against their countrymen.
Seventy English journalists have made an excursion
over the Midland Railroad in the Pullman car.s, and
the papers speak in high terms of this improvement of
railway travel. The Times says, now that Pullman's
enterprise has crossed the Atlantic, the improvement
will not be limited to England.
On the 23d, the King of Italy received 3000 persons
from all parts of the kingdom, who came to congratu-
late him on the twenty-fifth anniversary of his acces-
sion to the throne.
A protest has been presented in the French Assem-
bly, from Gambefta and others, demanding the dissolu-
tion of the Chamber.
London, 3rd mo. 23d.— Consols 92.
Liverpool. — Uplands cotton, SJt/.; Orleans, 8 7-16d.
White wheat, 12.s. 4d. a 12s. 6rf. per 100 lbs.; red
western spring, lis. a lis. 8rf.
United States. — The receipts from internal revenue
h.as recently diminished in consequence of the temper-
ance agitation in the West, which has lessened the de-
nuuids on the distillers. While the sale of intoxicating
drinks in large towns has not been much affected, it has
been nearly broken up in many villages and small
towns of Ohio and Indiana.
There were 557 deaths in New York last week.
In PhiUadelphia the interments numbered 293. The
total consumption of anthracite coal in this city for
1873, is given as 1,751,871 tons, and of g:iis and bitu-
minous coal about 375,000 tons, making a total of 2,-
126,871 tons, against 1,988,439 tons in 1872.
Bald Mountain, in the western part of North Caro-
lina, near Tennessee, has for several weeks past given
indications of a volcanic eruption, the ground upon its
slopes trembling, and loud rumbling noises coming
from the mountain.
The New England Freedmen's Aid Society, which
was organized in 1864, has decided to close its opera-
tions. The society has received and disbursed about
$350,000, and supported seventy teachers among |e
freed people of the South.
The whole number of hogs packed in the West, fr i
11th mo. 1st last to 3d mo. 1st, was 5,383,810, averie
weight 268 pounds ; which is a decrease in number tji
weight compared with last year. i
On the 22d a fire broke out in Indianapolis, whjh
consumed a number of valuable buildings. Total re
about $300,000.
On the 23d inst., a large manufactory at New Briti i,
Conn., was burned, and 500 hands were turned oui f
employment. Estimated loss $800,000.
The United States House of Representatives, b;i
vote of 168 to 77, has passed a bill to fix the amoun i
legal-tender notes for general circulation at $400, 0(,-
000, said amount never to be exceeded.
Tlie Markets, &c. — The following were the quolati'S
on the 23d inst. New York. — American gold, 11-.
U. S. sixes, 1881, 1191 a 120; ditto, 1868, 119; dii^
5 per cents, 114|. Superfine flour, $5.75 a $6 ; Ste
extra, .56.25 a S6.50 ; finer brands, $7 a $10.75. Ncl
Chicago spring wheat, $1.-55 ; No. 2 do., $1.50; Ncl
do., $1.45; white Michigan, $1.82. Oats, 61 a 65 i
Western mixed corn, 87 a 91 cts. ; white, 91 a 95
Rye, 98 cts. Philadelphia. — Cotton, 16| a 17J cts.
uplands and New Orleans. Superfine flour, $5 a $5.
extras, $5.75 a $6..50 ; finer brands, $7 a $10.25. Id
wheat, $1.60 a $1.65 ; amber, $1.70 a $1.73; whj,
$1.78 a $1.83. Rye, 94 a 96 cts. Y^ellow corn, 80 j.
Oats, 57 a 63 cts. Sales of 2300 beef cattle. Choictit
6i a 7J cts. per lb. gross, and common 42 a 6 cts. Ship
6 a Sj cts. per lb. gross, and hogs $8.50 a $9 per .6
lb. net. Baliimore. — Choice white wheat, $1.80 a $l.y
fair to prime, $1.60 a $1.75 ; good to prime red, ""
a S1.80. Yellow corn, 78 a 80 cts. Oats, 00 a 64
Chicago. — Spring extra flour, $5.50 a $6.25. N
spring wheat, $1.24} ; No. 2 do., $1.17J ; No. 3 i]
$1.14i. No. 2 mixetl corn, 62 cts. No. 2 spring bar)
S1.41."
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
A Stated Meeting of the Committee having cha
of the Boarding School at Westtown, will be held
Philadelphia on Sixth-day, the 3d of next month]
1 p. M.
The Committees on Instruction and Admission y
meet at 10 A. ji. of the same day.
Samuel Moreis,
Phllada. 3d mo. 24th, 1874. Wen
The Visiting Committee meet at the School li
Second-day evening, the 30th instant. Conveyara
will be at the Street Road Station on that day, to nrt
the trains that leave Philadelphia at 2.30 and 4.40 p i.
A young woman Friend, with experience as a teaclt,
desires a situation as assistant in a Friends' School.
Address box 12, Kennett Square, Che.ster Co., Pf
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
As the stations of Superintendent and Matron of lis
Institution are expected to be vacated at the close of «
Winter Session, in the 4th month next. Friends \o
may feel drawn to undertake the duties attached 0
them, are requested to communicate thereon with eitiir
of tlie following named members of the Committee.
Nathaniel N. Stokes, Cinnaminson Post-oflj,
Burlington Co., N. .1.
Charles Evans, No. 702 Race St., Philadelph.
Deborah Rhoads, Haddonfield, N. J.
Rebecca S. Allen, No. 335 S. Fifth St., Philn.
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE.
Near Frankford, {Twenty-third Ward,) Philadelphi
Physician and Superintendent — Joshua H. Wok i-
INGTON, M. D.
Applications for the Admission of Patients m!ij«
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Boarcrf
Managers.
Died, at his city residence, in Philadelphia, onl
mo. 20th, 1874, Oliver Parry, in the SOth yeaiif
his age, a member of Philadelphia Monthly Meet?
of Friends for the Western District; and was burl
2d mo. 23d, in " Friends' Solebury Burying-groun '
Bucks Co., Pa.
, at West Chester, Pa., on the 2d inst., John •
ToWNSEND, aged near 85 years, a member of Binni -
ham Monthly Meeting of Friends.
WILLIAM H. PILE, PRINTER.
No. 422 Walnut Street.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. XLVII.
SEVENTH-DAY, FOURTH MONTH 4, 1874.
NO. 33.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
rice Two Dollars per annum, if paid in advance. Two
dollars and fifty cents, if not paid in advance.
Subscriptions and Pftyments rocoived by
JOHN S. STOKES,
IT SO. 116 NORTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS,
PHILADZIiFHIA.
'ostage, when paid quarterly in advance, five cents.
Animal Character.
(Concludi.d from page 251.)
THE I'lG — THE WOLB^ — KIDS.
Other charms than gastrouomical ones have
)een discovered in yoiiug pigs by those who
lave occasionallj- made pets of them. The
inimal, though obstinate and self-willed, is
■eally not stupid, and is capable of the warra-
ist attachment, and of great fidelity to those
\e loves. All young animals are iotercsting,
)ut young pigs are more comical in one re
pect than kids, or lambs, or kittens, or pup-
)ies ; I mean, in the ludicrous combination of
leavy structure with immense activity and
)recipitation. They are prudent in an advance,
|int tbey always lose their wits in a retreat,
j.nd on any decided alarm they hurry away
|n a general sauve qui pent. In maturer years
|,n obstinate courage frequently developes
Itself, and they charge with such force that a
lUan cannot resist them without using deadly
iveapons. I remember tiying to get a pig
iver a bridge; we were three men against
iiim, all armed with sticks, but he charged us
!o fiercely, that after an hour's hard work,
j.nd a hundred ineffectual attempts, we were
jompelled to give in at last, and; his owner
jiad to seek a wide bridge higher up the river
ivbich took liim nine miles out of his way.
Jd this occasion the animal displayed splen-
lid courage and indomitable resolution, so
'hat it would have been impossible to thwart
lis purjiose without inflicting some serious
Djury.
t I remember driving one night in France,
n the skirts of a forest, a very lively horse
Qdeed, when suddenly he became livelier
.'till, — so lively, in fact, that it was scarcely
'•ossible to hold hira, and would not have been
.ossible at all had not the road been deeply
overed with snow, that was still silently and
rearily falling. It was between midnight
:'nd one in the morninc:, and nothing was in
ight but the black edge of impenetrable
)rest, with here and there a bit of sedgy
lorass, and, on the other hand, miles of tree-
,!83 land, all white and untrodden, stretching
way till it joined the dark grey sky. Whilst
Endeavoring to restrain the horse's impatience,
• began to have a sort of feeling as if our
iiadows accompanied us on that swift course,
nd yet oar lanterns wei'e not lighted and
there was no moon, nothing but the steady
weird light from the infinite white fields. 1
had a lady with me, a Frenchwoman, not
wanting in courage, and she quickly laid her
hand on my arm, and said "ics Loups .'" Yes,
the two moving shades were a couple of large
wolves cantering silentl}' in the same direc-
tion, and in a lino strictly parallel with our
own course, not pursuing us, but keeping
steadily in the field.s to our left. So we kept
on for about a league, the horse half mad with
fright, and gal loping as fast as the snow would
let him, and still the two black creatures to
the left of us, keeping up with us as it seemed
so easily, with that steady silent canter of
theirs over the thickening snow I Whether
they would attack us or not depended simply
upon the intensity of hunger they might be
enduring, and we watched them for some
minutes with anxiety, but at length we began
to imagine that the lines of our course were
no longer quite parallel, that the space be-
tween us and the wolves was gradually widen-
ing. Soon aftervvards this became a certainty:
the wolves were sointc on a mission of their
own, probably to some sheepfold in the neigh-
borhood, and did not intend to honor us with
their attention. The parallelism of our lines
of route had been merely an accident, and
our companions grew less and less, till at
ength we could onl}' perceive two tiny black
specks that seemed almost motionless in the
distance, and that nobody who had not seen
them nearer would have suspected to be wolves
at all.
Sometimes, however, the wolves are more
to be feared, even in France. It seldom hap-
pens that a man is in much danger from their
direct attacks, but there is great peril of a bad
carriage-accident when j'our carriage is pur-
sued by wolves. Horses have a perfect horror
of these animals, and lose their heads entirely
on such occasions ; so that one has good reason
to dread wolves when driving, especially if
the road is an awkward one.
The character and habits of the wolf have
been carefully studied by many observers,
who agree in admitting his craft and intelli-
gence, though some of them doubt his courage.
Toussenel tells us that he himself saw six full-
grown wolves cro.'Sing the frozen Loire, in
jingle file, in the winter of 1829, that he ex-
amined their track afterwards, and would
have supposed, if he had not seen six wolves,
that only one animal had crossed the river in
that place, so accurately had the five others
placed their paws in the foot-prints of the
first. The wolf is so suspicious that it is al-
most impossible to poison him. If j^ou place
a poisoned carcase near his own residence he
will not touch it, the only way to get him to
eat of it is to drag it a long distance so as to
make a trail, and then seem as if }'0u had been
anxious to hide it. He will follow the trail
at night and find the carcase. A common
way is to lie in wait for him with rifles round
about the spot where the carcase is, and then
pour a converging fire upon him the moment
of his arrival. Notwithstanding the most in-
tense hunger ho will not eat of anything that
seems to him suspicious, he will devour earth
itself first. The same prudence marks his
conduct in all respects ; be will not uselessly
expose himself, yet he is not a coward. Like
all robbers ho enjoys foggy weather. It ia
well known that a farm which is close to the
wolf's private residence is safer than one
situated at a distance of a few miles, as he
thinks it best to avoid scandal in his own
nci:,'hborhood. The wolf knows too, very
well, who are his active enemies, and who are
the people whom, though not friendly, ho can
afford to regard with indifference. An in-
stance is on record of a wolf which, quietly
seated on a little eminence, watched the long
line of peasants' carts going to market along
the highroad close to where he wa". Hundreds
of anecdotes might be collected in proof of the
wolf's exceeding intelligence in all that con-
cerns the preservation of his life, and every
hunt supplies fresh examples. A family of
young wolves, instructed by their mother,
will mislead the hunters artfullj', taking the
dangerous duty by turns for the protection of
the rest. . But when a strong, full-grown
animal gets fairly away, out of the ring of
beaters, ids policy is simple in the extreme,
[le chooses a straight lino, and stick.s to it
across all obstacles with uncompromising rec-
titude, and the worse the ground the safer he
is, for thou the distance rapidly widens be-
tween him and his pursuers. When the
hunters are far behind the wolf relaxes his
pace to a quiet trot, and finally takes a rest,
not troubling himself much if one or two of
the foremost dogs reach him, for he will give
them a sharp bite or two that will deprive
them of any wish to vex him again.
Like all young things, kids are extremely
inquisitive, and whenever one of them thinks
it has made a discovery, the others always
immediately determine to find out all about
the new subject of interest.
Sometimes the experiments made by a set
of inquisitive kids must of necessity be suc-
cessive. For example, if there is a basket in
the place which will hold one of them, and
no more, the others watch him with great
interest; and as soon as ho jumps out (which
he is never veyy long in doing), the others
inevitably jump in and out again by turns.
A game of this kind will last till one of the
kids has a new suggestion to make, which his
brethren are sure to adopt ; for they are always
very ready in adopting any suggestion which
promises a variety in their amusements. It
became the fashion one daj' amongst my kids
to carry a little sprig of green between the
lips; and a veiy pretty fashion it was, from a
painter's point of view, as it supplied a most
refreshing touch of color amongst the blacks
and grejs. There is a certain impudence and
fearlessness about kids which is often both
laughable and charming. One day, whilst I
258
THE FRIEND.
was at work sketching, the kids took it into
their heads to try to upset mj' seat by getting
under it, and lifting me up with their not very
Samson-like shoulders. This they tried in
turn ; but, not being powerful enough to suc-
ceed, turned their attention to my great do^
who lay by me contemplating their gambols
with a sort of half tolerance mingled with
disdain. First one kid came up to Tom, and
brought his tiny visage in contact with Tom's
astonished phj'siognomy ; then another tried
the same experiment; and finally, of course,
the third tried it. At last the dog's dignity
could stand it no longer, and he rushed out of
the place, not trusting himself to refrain from
using his mighty jaws, which would have
crushed a kid's head like a nut-shell.
Most young things (young crocodiles and
some other reptiles excepted) appear to be
reservoirs of pent-up natural energy that finds
vent in irrepressible gambols. Of all active
young creatures intimately known to me, kids
are the most active. When they seem to be
perfectly still and reasonable, a spring is
touched, and they bound straight up as if the
earth had suddenly become elastic and thrown
them towards the sky like projectiles. They
pass from moods of venturesome and reckless
frolic to moods of extreme caution. When in
the latter, they studiously examine some ob-
ject in the place where they are confined, and
the boldest of them approaches it first, ready,
however, to withdraw upon any appearance
of danger. The others follow behind, at regu-
lar intervals. In all this they are doing in
play what they will have to do in earnest in
after life. The gambols prepare them for the
bold leaping amongst rocks and precipices,
whilst the edaireur work prepares them for
the duty of a prudent sentinel when the wolves
are near in the mysterious and deceptive
moonlight.
» m
For " The Friend."
Memoirs and Letters of Sarab Hiilman.
CContinued from page 250.)
To Martha Wistar.
"Philadelphia, 6th mo. 22d, 183S.
My Dear Friend, — Pleasant as it would bo
to greet thee and thy dear husband in your
hospitable mansion, the feeling that I am not
my own, forecloses every prospect at present
of social visiting. When at liberty so to do
can assure thee it would be grateful to me to
enjoy with you the freedom of converse.
I trust there ai-e, as thou sayest, preserved,
even in every place where He has condescend-
ed to place his Name, such as shall cleave to
Him, such as shall speak of the glorious ma-
jesty of his house, such as shall praise him in
the midst of a crooked and perverse genera
tion, yea tell their children of him, and talk
of his greatness. Who will not love their lives
unto the death, but rather strive to bo kept
among the number of the faithful, the chosen,
as well as the called; who shall walk with
their dear Lord, it is written, in white. Ah,
that we may be of this number, let us press
after the attainment, let us strive to be found
worthy. Then shall wo realize indeed to our
comfort, that in every place, and in and under
all our afflictions and trials, incense may be
offered to his glorious, holy Name, and from
the bottom of the heart a 'pure offering' pre-
pared by Himself. Truly, my dear friend, we
need to be girded with the whole armor of
righteousness to stand in this day. We go to
oax meetings poor and empty, and sit them
through sometimes scarcely sensible of any
rising of the spring, whose waters make glad
all the heritage. And can we expect to re
joice when the Master reigns not? Yet I be-
lieve all the sincere hearted, are sustained and
fed ; and in His blessed time, will have to ac-
knowledge that though they walk through
the valley and shadow of death, they are sus-
tained by his rod as well as his staif, and will
rejoice in a coming day, that they have been
brought into suffering — -planted with their
dear Master into the likeness of his death ;
that thus they may be prepared to arise, and
walk in newness of life. To walk, even here,
with him in white is, I believe, the privilege
of the King's children ; and I long for the
blessed attainment. May we, with thy dear
C. also, who seems so interwoven with thy-
self, that when writing I can scarcely do other
than include him, steadily persevere, as I doubt
not is our united, earnest desire, in the way
cast up for us ; accounting reproaches and
afilictions for Christ's sake greater riches than
the treasures in Egypt ; and then, let come
what will, we need not fear, but that our
adorable unconquered Captain will keep us;
yea keep that, which through mercy wo have
been enabled to commit unto Him.
Much depends upon the faithfulness of those
who are engaged in the affairs of the discip
lino of the church. Oh ! that strength may
be furnished to my dear friends in their varied
allotments, to go forth, not in the armor which
is not pi-oved, but being girt about with Truth ;
having on the breast-plate of righteousness
And may we realize our feet to be shod with
the 'preparation of the gospel of peace;' at-
tired also with the shield of faith, with which
we shall be able to quench all the fiery darts
of the wicked. Taking also 'the helmet of
salvation, and the sword of the spirit, which
is the Word of God,' which liveth and abideth
forever. Thus equipped may we not humbly
hope to be enabled to withstand in the evil
day, and having done the little we can, (for
truly it is very little) for the precious cause'
sake, to stand to the end of the race; and
finally through the mercy of Him who loved
US and hath given himself for us, to be ad-
mitted into the company of saints and angels,
and the spirits of the just made perfect, who
with palms in their hands cease not to praise,
and honor, and adore Him, that sitteth on the
throne, and the Lamb forever and ever.
My love awaits your acceptance, and am
thy sincerely attached friend,
S. HiLLMAN."
To her Mother.
" Westchester, 10th mo. 7th, 1S38.
Dear Mother: — Having attended Fallow-
field Meeting by appointment, and ridden 15
miles after dinner, we* reached hero (Benja-
min Cope's) about half past five. The day
before we were at West Grove. Friends seem
glad to have us at all the places; though the
prospect of a succession, especially among the
young is truly hopeless. Yet in almost every
place there is a little suffering few, a remnant
still preserved, bound to the law and the tes-
timony, who feol near to our spirits, and with
whom we have drank in the one cup of spirit-
ual exercise and baptism. There are too,
some among the princes of the people, of the
fathers, who do not unite with any innovation,
* Grace Evans was companion for S. H. in this visit
to the meetings composing Concord and Weatern Quar-
terly Meetings.
and whose eyes are clear sighted to discen
truth from error. We have visited some dea ■)
Friends in affliction ; one with a cancer in ho
face, a very precious Friend, whose daughte
is in very delicate health also ; while her bus
band seems sweetly preparing for that bette
country where thei-e is no more pain, noithe
sorrow nor crying. My time has been so en
tirely occupied, that when at liberty, all
could or can do seems to bo to seek rest; gi
that my letters have been short and pooi
Yours have all been truly acceptable. J
Lippincott came here, a few steps from hi,
brother's, and brought them last eve.
* * * To the praise of His grace, wh(
I believe led me out on this mission, I maj
thankfully say. He has been with me to mi
comfort ; has been mouth and wisdom, tongU'
and utterance, or I had fainted. For truly i
is no easy matter to visit the seed which lie,
under oppression, being imprisoned ; and alsi
when the number of those who are digginj
in meetings for the arising of the well-sprinj
of life is very few. Yet there has been, froti
season to season, strength furnished to pursue
though faint ; and now in looking towards th
conclusion of this little service, quiet, peacefu ,
poverty seems the clothing of my spirit. J;
The finishingof a work is not less importan)|,
than the commencement; and I desire to b i.ji
kept simply attentive to the unfoldings oX
Divine Wisdom every day, and at all timet
that I may leave nothing undone, neither d
more than is required.
Love to dear M. and E. Bacon, of whoi
and their loss I often think. Also R. C. I
and hers, with other friends enquiring afte
me ; and accept the warm feelings, my dea
mother and sisters, of your absent
Sarah, in bonds.
Dear sister R. I had hoped would hav
written again. Love to her and to brothei
with their little ones."
To William Scattergood*
" Philadelphia, 11th mo. 18th, 1838.
, Thy last letter was truly gratefu'j-
as it contained intelligence new to me and de\'
sirable; that for which I trust I may say, '■
have travailed according to my measure, evei
that the living child might be brought forth ;
And now, my dear friend, all that the Lon I
spake to thoe of in early days, will he accom
plish, as thou keepest hold on thy part of th
covenant. Oh ! that thou mayst follow ud
reservedly and faithfully, the leadings of hi
Holy Spirit, counting nothing too near o . '
dear to part with for His blessed name's sake ■
and when ho leadcth again into Jordan, ye; |
the very depths of Jordan, be willing to abid I
there until Ho speaketh the word, 'Come u] i|-
hither.' Ah then, thou wilt bring up th^ i'
stones, living stones of memorial, to the bono; «
and praise of Him who hath called thee ou ij ;
of darkness, and whose love hath been toward J;
thoe, I believe, invariably in the very darkes:|
times thou hast known since 1 knew the£ I
Things hero are truly discouraging as relate ji
to the church, looking with man's unassi8te( |l
sight; nevertheless the eye of faith, fron, I;
Pisgah's mount, beholds at seasons the gooi .
land and better times ahead. Then let ui
struggle on, my dear friend, and cast our car
for time and for eternity on Christ Jesus ; H'
who has in mercy, never to bo forgotten :
visited us in infant years, and kept us in ai
* Soon after his first appearance in the ministry, a
Greenwich, N. J., in 9th mo. 1838,
THE FRIEND.
250
immbling sense of our inability to save our-
elves ; and whose gracious promise, even in
Wr darkest moments, has been realized, 'Lo,
i am with you alway,' else we had long ere
'his fallen a prey to the enemy. Ah, and He
Vill be with His own to the very 'end of the
TOrld.' ' The mountains may depart and the
lills be removed, but my kindness shall not
lepart from thee, neither shall the covenant
if my peace be removed, saith the Lord, that
lath mercy on thee.' Pray for us in this
rre&t city, this tumultuous city, that onrfaitii
'ail not; great are our conflicts, wrestling not
igainst flesh and blood only, but against
Spiritual wickedness in high places. Our
neetinga are very largo (a great assemblage
>f gay people) and often interrupted (I speak
n fear), by offerings whereupon the impress
)f the hand of the High Priest, the great
ipostle of our profession, is not seen ; or any
)f the living virtue, the smell of the ointment
nade after his art, discoverable. May we learn
;o bo content ; where the seed sufl'ers we must
luffer; my heart is full, * * * but I must
ifi'ectionatcly commend us to the keeping of
[srael's Shepherd, and say farewell. Thine
n sincerity, S. Hillman.
! P. S. My dear friend, why wilt thou flee ;
B not spiritual death painfully to be felt in
many places, where the enemy has not spread
ihe net which causes to fall into unbelief? Ah
methinks, ' Woe is me,' may be very properlj'
the language of our spirits, because 'I sojourn
in Mesech and that I dwell in the tents of Ke-
dar.' May our attention be directed unto Him
who died for us; who has in some measure
brought us unto Himself; and made us willing
to enter into covenant with Him. Oh ! let us
steadily follow His leadings, oven though we
may be brought into paths we have not seen.
He leadeth the blind, and He will make dark-
ness light before His own, and crooked things
straight. I am sometimes ready to fear for
myself, while I thus speak, lest 1 shall never
be able to overcome the enemies of my own
house, BO as to come up in the line which has
ibeen marked in my view as the only way for
me, into the kingdom of rest and peace. Pray
for thy feeble friend, that nothing may op-
erate to hinder her from being given up, in
body, soul and spirit, to the guidance and
leadings of the blessed Head of the church.
I think my situation is mournful, something
like poor Jeremiah's when he said, ' Cause me
not to return to Jonathan's house,' &c.
Farewell, in near affection, thy attached
. S. HiLLMAN."
(To be continued.)
A Texas Cattle Farm.
The Baltimore American contains an account
of cattle raising in Texas, furnished by a cor-
respondent, a portion of which we think may
interest some of our readei's. After speaking
of the wild cattle which range unrestrained
in great numbers over the prairies, the writer
! proceeds :
" When ten miles from Eockport we reached
'the gate of the cattle-farm in charge of our
friend Coleman, as the head of the firm of
Coleman, Mathias & Fulton. Within this en
closure, the gate of which we entered, is by
far the largest enclosed field in Texas, the
number of acres being 125,000. On the south
side it is bounded by Neuces and Corpus
Christi bays, on the coast by Puerto and Co-
pano bays, and on the north by Chultepin
river. The amount of fencing required to
complete the enclosure was twenty-five miles,
fifty miles being bounded by the watercourses.
In other words, the boundary of this pasture
is sevent}- five miles— fifty miles of water and
twenty-five miles of board-fence. Some idea
of the extent of this field may be formed from
the fact that from the entrance gate to Mr.
Coleman's house or ranche, the distance is
twenty miles.
The improved appearance of tho cattle as
compared with those ' on the range' was too
marked to escape the attention of the most
inexperienced observer. They looked sleek
and comfortable, and those that were not
lying down were standing in the water of the
pond to escape the hoof fly, which is said to
lie very annoying at this time of the year.
Tho number of cattle in this enclosure at the
present time is 2.5,000 head, which is regarded
as very near its full complement. Five acres
to the animal is the estimated limit to keep
them in good condition throughout the year,
and anything beyond that is regarded as over-
stocking.
During our drive across the pasture animals
were encountered in great numbers, and could
be seen browsing in the distance, but in such
a vast enclosure, the horizon being to the ej-e
its boundary in every direction, no estimate
could be made of the number. They were all,
however, large and well-conditioned. They
had but little of the wild characteristics with
which Texas cattle have been credited, many
of them scarcely deigning to look at us as our
carriages passed within ten feet of them. In-
deed, these Texas cattle seemed to be very
amiable and well behaved animals, their im-
mense expanded horns only making the dif-
ference, and giving them a wild appearance.
The proprietors of this immense pasture do
not make the breeding of cattle any special
part of their business, though from seven to
ten thousand calves are annually added to
their stock. They prefer to buy_cattle rather
than raise them, as an abundance of herds can
be purchased at the average of five dollars per
head, including beeves, cows and calves.
These they place in their pastures to fatten
and improve their condition, and to await the
steamers for shipping to New Orleans. In-
stead of raising the calves that thus come into
their possession they ship their yearlings to
New Orleans, where they command from $8
to 817 per head, according to condition ; and
as three calves cost no more to ship than one
beeve, the profits to the shipper are fully
equal. Beside the number of cattle now held
in the pasture, 25,000, they still have on the
range many more of brands which they have
purchased. Parties of ' cow-boys' are out
gathering these at so much per head, which
is a very difficult work. A drove of some five
hundred head of these roving cattle were
brought in this morning. This firm have also
another pasture of 3000 acres within two miles
of Eockport. This is a kind of storage pas
ture, where they drive their picked cattle pre-
paratory to shipping.
In seasons of drought it is very common
for thousands of these animals ' on the range
to die for want of water. Among the owners
of tho herds thus turned loose, there has never
been any combined movement for their com-
fort ; but they have been allowed to live or
die, as the case might be. What is every-
body's business is nobody's business, and the
water that falls during the rainy season is
allowed to find its way to the Gulf, whilst a
trifling expense would etfoct its storage in
reservoirs scattered over the prairies. The
pasturage system is already producing its
iVuits, in harmonizing tho business; and this
firm have paid great attention to the water
supply of their stock, and have been so suc-
cessful in the formation of lakes, that they
have no fear of drought ; whilst tho cattle do
not have to go any great distance for water.
One lake that wo passed, at tho head of
which is a strong dam lined with stone, is
over two miles in length, tho depth of the
water ranging from five to eight feet. They
have constructed two oiher dams in distant
parts of the pasturage, though not so large as
this one. The water question is regarded as
one of great importance. It is a singular fact
that the accumulations of water even in ponds
on the prairies of Texas, always remain sweet
and pure. Hence the storage of winter rains
for summer use is entirely feasible, and is
being done in all tho pasturages, while tho
animals 'on the range' have to look out for
themselves and stick to tho few water courses,
which soon become so crowded in time of
drought that they are almost starved.
At 4 o'clock we camo in sight of Colonel
Coleman's ranche, the first sign of life visible
being a large windmill which he has erected
on the banks of tho Chultepin river to pump
up water for the purpose of irrigating his
fields. He has several hundred acres here
under cultivation. The land on which the
ranche is located is, however, by no means
level prairie, but rather rolling land, the river
being about forty feet lower than tho embank-
ment upon which his windmill is located.
Tho dew which falls in this country during
the nights supplies in some measure the ab-
sence of rain in summer, the ground this
morning being quite mucky from the effects
of tho dew during the past clear moonlight
night."
From a Testimony of Samuel Scott's, concerning
the iNecessity of Timely Preparation for Death.
It is not a bare professing, or talking of re-
ligion only that will avail; but, how are we
walking and acting, as in the sight of the
Omniscient Lord God? ThusgoodKing Heze-
kiab, had attained to the blessed assurance of
the favor of God when an solemn and hum-
bling message was brought unto him, yet we
read he turned his face to the wall ; ho turned
from all visible objects. They who have the
greatest share of worldly possessions, what
comforts will they administer at such a time?
Nothing will avail but the mercy of God
through Christ, and tho evidence of tho Holy
Spirit bearing witness with our spirits, that
we have been walking in tho fear of God, as
Hezekiah did, who made his address unto the
Lord, and said : " Thou knowost, O Lord ! how
I have walked before Thee in Truth and with
a perfect heart, and have done that which is
good in thy sight."
And we find the Lord owned him therein,
and spared him, he receiving the message
with weeping, and humbling himself before
the Almighty.
O ! this is tho way to find favor with God,
for the lofty ones to come down, and the
proud to be abased ; so that all flesh may be
humbled in the presence of the God of heaven ;
for all flesh is compared to grass, and man, in
his greatest strength and beaut}', to the flower
of the field, which soon withereth and fadeth
away, as we poor mortals do ; but the word
260
THE FRIEND.
of the Lord endurcth forever — this word of
the Lord that is revealed in men's hearts, and
is to be known and ^yitnessed as a fire, a ham-
mer, and sword, to burn up the briers and
thorns — Ihat which hath choked the precious
Seed ; to break the hard heart that hath been
hardened through repeated transgressions,
through pride, arrogancy, and walking in the
evil way ; to cut and hew down all superfluity
of naughtiness, and to separate between the
precious and the vile ; that thereby men's
hearts maj' come to be prepared, and they
may recover health of soul, through the opera-
tions of the Divine Word and Spirit of God,
which in mercj' is come thus nigh unto men,
that they might be prepared thereby to live
to his glory while on earth, and spend their
few uncertain moments in his fear; that when
the solemn message comes, that we are called
hence, to be no longer stewards, but must
give an account of our stewardship before the
tribunal of the Majesty on high, it may be
•with joy.
If we have known the work and operations
of this Divine Word, and have waited on and
submitted thereto,'thcn have we had our fruit
unto holiness, and have been bowing before
the Lord in our meetings. When there has
been no verbal testimony amongst us, we have
had recourse to the inward law written in our
hearts, we have humbled ourselves, and been
BOj'ing, as one did of old : " How shall I come
before the Lord, the great and mighty One?
or how shall I bear myself before the most
high God? So that 1 may be accepted of
Him." ^
O that people had but such considerations I
they would be brought down ; the lofty looks
of men, and pride of all flesh would be abased
and stained, their laughter w'ould be turned
into mourning, and their joj-s into heaviness,
if they were but really concerned to be ac-
cepted of the Lord. What think ye? Will
the Lord accept of men and women in their
pride and vain glory, and gaj' attire and super-
fluity? Such as mine c^'es have beheld with
sorrow, upon some in this meeting. I tell ye,
Day ; for such are spotted and stained xoith the
spots of this iDorld; they are too much taken
up with, and following the vain fashions and
customs of it, which must be repented of and
turned from, if they would find mercy with
the Lord, if they are not totally hardened and
resolved to have their own ways till the last
moment of their time.
O ! therefore come down all you lofty sons
and daughters in Zion. and put away your
pride and arrogancy, that you may bo pre-
pai'ed for this solemn time and message, and
may come before the Lord with true humility,
and not be adorned in such manner as was
spoken against by the apostle, which doth not
become a ■^eo\>\Q professing the self-denying re-
ligion of our Lord Jesus Christ. That none
may be found after such a manner, I must tell
you it is 7iot acceptable to the Lord ; but it is
a contradiction to our Christian profession, if
we hold the Truth in righteousness, and such
a conversation as doth not become the gospel of
Christ; but may our adorning be that of a
vieek and quiet spirit, which in the sight of
God, is said to be jirecious, or of great price.
Exlol not riclies, then; the toil of fools,
The wise man'.s ciimbrance, if not snare, more apt
To slacken virtue, .nnd aback her edge,
Than prompt her to do aught may merit praise.
Milton.
THE TWO ARMIES.
As life's unending column pours,
Two marshall'd hosts are seen, —
Two armies on the trampled shores,
That Death flows black between.
One marches to the drum-beat's roll,
The wide-mouth'd clarion bray,
And bears upon a crimson scroll,
" Our glory is to slay."
One moves in silence by the stream.
With sad yet watchful eyes,
Calm as the patient planets gleam
That walks the clouded skies.
Along its front no sabres sliine,
No blood-red pennons wave;
Its banner bears the single line,
"Our duty is to save."
O. W.Holmes.
Selected.
DREAM OF SUMMER.
Bland as the morning breath of June
The southwest breezes play;
And through its haze, the winter noon
Seems warm as summer's day.
The snow plumed Angel of the North
Has dropped his icy spear ;
Again the mossy earth looks forth,
Again the streams gush clear.
The fox his hill-side cell forsakes,
The muskrat leaves his nook,
The bluebird in the meadow-brakes
Is singing with the brook.
"Bear up, O mother Nature! cry
Bird, breeze and streamlet free;
Our winter voices prophesy
Of summer days to theel"
So in these winters of the soul,
By bitter blasts and drear
O'erswept from Memory's frozen pole,
Will sunny days appear.
Reviving Hope and Faith, they show
The soul its living powers.
And how beneath the winter's snow,
Lie germs of summer flowers.
The Night is mother of the Day,
The Winter of the Spring,
And ever upon old Decay
The greenest mosses cling.
Behind the cloud the starlight lurks.
Through showers the sun-beams fall ;
For God, who loveth all his works,
Has left his Hope with all.
/. G. Whittier.
The Palm Uroves of Elclie.
The English traveller, Augustus J. C. Hare,
who visited Spain in 1872, remarks: Spain is
not a beautiful country. If a traveller ex-
pects to find the soft charm and luxuriant
loveliness of Italy, life in Spain will be a con-
stant disappointment: no hope can possibly
be more misplaced. Spain is not the least
like Italy: it has not even the beauty of the
greater part of France. Beyond the Asturias
and the valleys near] the Pyrenees, there are
few trees in the Peninsula. There is scarcely
any grass, and those who wish to find beauty
must only look for it of an especial kind —
without verdure, or refinement or color. But
the artist will be satisSed without these, and
will exult in the long lines, in the unbroken
expanses of the stonj^, treeless, desolate sier-
ras, while every crevice of the distant hills is
distinctly visible in the transparent atmos-
phere, and the shadows of the clouds fall blue
upon the pale yellow of the tawny desert. *
* ''' Except in the Asturias and some parts
of Galicia, I am only aware of two places
where there is anything that may be called
beautiful country in Spain, and these are
ilonserrat, the noblest, the most gloriousb|
beautiful of rocks, and the palm groves o
Elchc."
Elche is a town of 18,000 inhabitants, in th.
south-east of Spain, about thirteen miles fron
Alicante. Of the groves which surround it
Hare says: "After two hour's drive, a ser
rated line of palms rose upon the horizon, anc
soon we entered their forests. Far in the air
sometimes sixty feet high, rose the beautifu!
fans, with their enormous pendant bunchei
of dates, the golden fruit hanging from stemi
of BO gorgeous an orange, that no mere de '
scription of color can give the faintest ideao
their effect when they are lighted up by the
sun, and backed by a deep blue sky, as we
first saw them. Their variety also is mos'
beautiful ; some of the older trees growins
perfectlj' straight, others bending in the mosi
picturesque attitudes, some buttressed up with
little stone walls, and beside them youngei
palm rising in full youthful vigor, tens upon
tens of thousands, for miles around.
The male palms are often tied up and
blanched to be cut for the Palm-Sunday festi-
vals, and they are also sold to be stuck up in
balconies as a protection against lightning,
being considereti quite asefficacious, and being'
certainly much cheaper than an iron con'
ductor. Ten thousand dollars worth are sold '
annually in Elche for this purpose, and seventy
thousand dollars worth of dates. The latter
were gathered during our visit (January) by .
the clever little hortelanos, who climb the
branchless trunk like cats, a rope being passed
round it and their waists, upon which they
rest their whole weight in a horizontal posi-^
tion, lowering their baskets when filled, and
raising them again by a pulley. The defec-
tive palm leaves are sent to the manufactories
and used as cigarettes. By the road side, be-
fore every cottage door, are quantities of dates
in baskets, no one watching them ; any passer-
by can eat as many as he likes, fill his pockets
and leave his halfpenny in payment. It is!
generally left, for where Spaniards are trusted
they scarcely ever abuse a trust. When we
walked in the groves the hospitable peasants
were only too anxiousto load us with branches
of the best fruit, and would accept no pay-
ment at all. I
We spent three days in Elche, which,
though the Eoman Illica, is completely Moor-
ish in character. There is a humble but decent
posada (inn). Ever-increasing was our de-
light in the enchanting walks ; sometimes
through the thick groves of magnificent date-
palms, where all is richness and splendor of
color; sometimes in the deep brown ravines
of the dried up Vinalapo, which reminded us
of the Vallej' of Jehoshaphat. Elche, entirely
Moorish, rising above like Jerusalem, with
its flat roofed houses, old walls and crowning
mosque; sometimes by the banks of little
streams, bordered with prickly pear and pome-
granates; and sometimes out upon the deso-
late gravelly plain bej'ond all these, which
assumes a wonderful color towards sunset,
and where the extreme clearness of the air
makes the most distant objects, even to the
violet mountains on the horizon appear super-
naturally distinct."
And let this wearing of gold lace, and costly
attire be ended, and clothe the naked, and
feed the hungry with the superfluity. And
turn not your ear from the cry of the poor. —
George Fox.
I
THE FRIEND.
261
For "The Friend."
Jobn ncald.
XoDtiniied fr>'>m page 254.)
{ "3d mo. 4tl), 1819. We had a meeting in a
(Chool-house, near Roxbuij. The people were
ong in coliocting, and they appeared to bo
lOO insensible of the importance of a right re-
ligious concern. I felt an impressive concern
pr myself and them, and mentioned the in-
(Ucement on my mind to come to this part of
he country. That if all was done for us that
lOuld be done, and we might now safely set
own at ease, without any more care, then
his concern was of no use; but if wo arc in
auger to come short, then it ma}' bo well to
lonsider timely and seriously of the loss that
aay be sustained by neglect. The Divine
laster had stated, except a man bo regen-
rated and born again, ho cannot sec the
,:ingdom of Heaven ; and the A])ostlo Paul
jas stated that circumcision is nothing, and
:ncircunicision is nothing. Then it is evident
n entire change must be made, witho\it which
low unsafe are wo, and how dangerous to
ettle down at ease, and care no further. The
Qinds of the people were solemn.
. 3d mo. 6th. Attended the meeting at Oak-
lill, which was large, of Friends and others.
i used encouraging language to the sincere,
loncst-hearted, whose discouragements were
;reat ; but I reprehended the neglect of re-
igious fneetings, and the use of ardent spirits;
yarning the young to avoid tasting them, as
asting and tasting had, I believed, introduced
■nany to the habitual intemperate use of them,
ybo were virtuously disposed, and who would
lot have believed the}' would ever have fallen
inder this baneful influence. In the aftcr-
loon we went on towards New Baltiraoro, and
came to Edward Hallock's, where we lodged
;omfortably.
7th was First day. We had a precious
neeting at this place, in which I was enabled
;o bring forth counsel for most cases present,
ind I pressed it close home ; and particularly
,0 the dear, precious youth, the persuasive in-
vitation flowed sweetly, and they were warned
;o beware of following that which inclined to
jut oft' to a more convenient season.
' In the afternoon we had a meeting as large
>8 in the morning. After my companion had
itood up, his first words were. Too late, too
ate. Tho sense that impressed my mind
ivas alarming to me. After twice repeating,
Too late, I said these words had rested very
solemnly on my mind in this meeting, and I
Delieved if such a situation was present, it
would not be necessary such should be told
■)f it, if there was no opportunity to amend and
3scape. I wished them to consider whether
3ueh a time might not come, that some of
;hem miffht feel tho sensation of too late. I
ihought the exercise laborious and impressive,
ind yet wished it to be more so, for it seemed
CO me to be too little regarded.
' We went to Thomas Lawrence's to lodge.
3th. Attended Dickinson Meeting. I said.
Speak, Lord, for thy servant heareth. This
bad impressed my mind weightily. It seemed
18 if some were ready to conclude, that if they
were informed as intelligibly as Samuel was,
they would attend to the requisition. I asked
whether they bad not known that some
things, they were in the practice of, were
wrong, as clearly as they could know if a
vocal sound were heard to inform them. Not-
withstanding this is so intelligibly known,
yet such is the disposition and inclination to
do wrong, that doing that which is offensive
to tho Author of our existence is continued
in, and very little attention given to please a
kind and gracious God, as if it was no matter
whether lie was pleased or not, and we plead
a want of knowledge too!
Though I thought it to be hard work yes-
terday, "this seeni"cd to exceed all. I spoke
slowly as it presented, but so groat was the
resistance, that it felt to me, though the lan-
guage seemed to bo moving, it had but little
"effect. Though I felt love and compassion for
the people, I would willingly have sat down
and left them to take their own way, but could
not find myself dismissed from labor; so I
laboriously waded on through and found a
resting place. Samuel Fausdick, of New Balti-
more, took up the subject where I left it, and
I thought had heavy labor; but still the life
felt to me to be low, yet a tenderness appeared
to take hold of many.
Wo dined at Moses Quinby's, and set out
for Rensellaerville, and got to Nathan Spen-
cer's late. In tho morning wo went to Richard
Titus' and had notice given of a meeting at
3h o'clock. It became a very precious time.
I first mentioned, in Rama was a voice heard,
lamentation, mourning and a bitter crying,
Rachel weeping for her children and would
not bo comforted. Why should any bring
distress on their own minds, so that when
they are alone the solemn impression is sad-
ness, however the outward appearance may
be? Why should any try to conceal the
anguish of mind and heaviness of heart, by
indulging in tho delights of sense; and feel
lamentation, mourning and bitterness because
of tho inclination to indulge in amusements
and delights, when to refrain would bo fol-
lowed with satisfaction of mind and true
peace? O how strong the inclination after
vain delights, when it [leads] to the desire to
have i-emorse taken away, so that nothing be
left to interrupt the enjoyment I If such were
left without control, to go on in the way they
list without remorse, then such as are con-
cerned for them would feel lamentation and
mourning for the innocent life thus lost and
fled. While I was thus employed, pleading
for the precious innocent life, and pointing to
the sad effects of following delusive gratifica-
tions, and that, for a fancied satisfaction, not
a real one ; many appeai-ed to be much ten-
dered.
3d mo. 10th. With great difficulty we got
through snow-drifts to Middleburgh. I felt
deep discouragement in my mind, but was
easiest to make some remarks on the ministry,
showing that humility was necessarily con-
nected with a right attention to that service.
3d mo. 11th. Attended meeting at Bern.
The exercise previous to engaging in minis-
try not so trying as I commonly have. I
began with : He that kcepeth tho word of my
patience, him will 1 keep in the hour of temp-
tation. It requires a close and faithful atten-
tion in order to obtain the promise of being
kept in the hour of temptation that shall come
on all the world to try them that dwell on
the earth. What a favor it is, and how great
the condescension, so graciously to condescend
to the low, weak state and condition of His
creature, man I I then adverted to the duty
of worship, insisting on sincerity and upright-
ness of intention in performing it. Will it be
acceptable to the Object of worship for us to
say, I never knew anything more about it,
than the outside appearance and sanctified
show ; I never pretended to anything more?
Will this amount to anything more, than for
tho profligate to say at the time of final de-
cision. Lord, I never intended to servo thee,
I intended to indulge and gratify myself in
those delights within my reach ; but now
having done with those, be pleased to receive
me into those ever-blessed mansions of un-
fading delights?
I believo the meeting, as well as myself,
witnessed the overshadowing love of Israel's
Shepherd to comfort and refresh tho souls of
the weary, renewing or strongtheiiing a holy
confidence in redeeming love. And I believe
that many tender hearts rendered undissem-
bled praiso to tho great King and Lord of all,
who is now and everlastingly worthy there-
of"
Those readers of "Tho Friend," who have
perused the simple records which John Heald
has left of his travels and exercises, must
have noticed how often he was concerned to
call his hearers to faithfulness and earnestness
in wailing upon and worshipping our Creator.
Happy will it be for those of us who learn
this great lesson ; who, in our eveiy day walk
through life, habitually turn the heart to God,
seeking to feel His presence and sanction in
all that we do, even in our usual business pur-
suits ! This is in accordance with the apostle's
exhortation : Whether ye eat, or whether ye
drink, or whatsoever yo do, do all to tho glory
of God. Those who arc thus living will often
feel drawn to wait on Him, with the mind
withdrawn from all outward things — endea-
voring to feel themselves as poor, dependent
creatures in His holy presence — so that they
may witness their spirits solemnized, and ten-
dered, if it be His will, by the overshadowing
of His heavenly wing. When such come to
the public assemblies for Divine worship, their
thoughts will not be directed to the ministers
who are present, looking to them to di-aw
water from the well of spiritual consolation,
and idly waiting to be refreshed by their
labors ; but they will feel it to be their duty
on taking their seats, to follow the exhorta-
tion of the Psalmist: My soul, wait thou only
upon God ; for my expectation is from Him.
They will feel the need of keeping a vigilant
watch against that restlessness of mind which
would lead their thoughts away from the Ob-
ject of our devotion, and if through human
infirmity they permit them to wander, they
will feel humbled by a sense of their weak-
ness. When it pleases Him, whom they are
endeavoring to serve, to spread over their
minds a feeling of religious exercise, or a
sense of quiet and solemnity, they will rejoice
in the favor. As they are thus gathered in
spirit, they will be prepared rightly to profit
by such labors in tho public ministry as may
be called forth from commissioned and quali-
fied instruments; and will bo in less danger
of being deceived and injured by that preach-
ing which is in the enticing words of man's
wisdom, and not in the demonstration and
power of the Spirit.
It may seem to some a trifling matter, but
is there not ground to believe, when we see
the members of a meeting sitting in lounging
positions, with tho arms extended on the
backs of the benches, and in other undignified
and careless ways, that such are not in that
frame of mind which exists in a worshipping
assembly? One may behave with the utmost
propriety and dignity in a religious meeting,
and yet the heart be in a worldly state; but
262
THE FRIEND.
where the heart is rightly exercised our wholi
deportment will show it.
CTo be continued.)
Scientific Notes.
Antiquity of Beer. — The use of such fer-
mented liquor is so remote, that we have no
dates by which to fix its origin. When, how-
ever, other arts had become more developed,
and the art of writing discovered, we begin
to obtain some evidence as to its use among
the people of ancient times. Thus we learn
that Osiris (I960 B. C.) is said to have taught
the use offermcnted extract of barle}'. Though
there must be much of vague tradition in this
account of the Egyptian discovery, yet we
know that Pelusium at the moiith of the Nile,
was distinguished long before the Christian
era, for the excellence of its barley-wine. The
Greeks, who derived the greater part of their
civilization from the Egyptians, obtained from
them the art of browing at a very early period.
We find mention, for example, in the writings
of Archilochus, about 630B. C, that the Greeks
of his day were acquainted with this art. The
Eomans, in very earl}' periods of their history,
made use of beer, their " cervisia," prepared
from barley, wheat and other cereals. Taci-
tus, in his work on the manners and customs
of the Germans, mentions their great love for
beer. The ancient Gauls, Britons and Scan-
dinavians were noted for the use of beer in
their festive meetings. At the present time,
it is estimated that from 25 to 30 millions of
barrels of this article are made in Great Bri-
tain alone.
R. A. Proctor, in attempting to give a con-
ception of the Sun's distance from us, makes
the following statements. An Armstrong gun
sends a projectile with an initial velocity of
40O yards per second. If that velocity could
be maintained, in thirteen years such a bullet
might reach the sun. The sound of the can-
non's report would be some half a year later.
Sound travels quite slowly. So, if those hea-
then who pray to the sun could be heard by
it, some thirteen and a half years would pass
before their petitions could reach it. If a
steel rod connected the earth and sun, and
received the pull of the sun, that strain would
reach the earth only in three hundred days.
Feeling travels through the nerves one-tenth
as rapidly as sound through the air. So if
we could imagine a child with an arm 91,-
000,000 miles long, and that arm stretched
out to touch the sun, ho would grow iuto
youth and manhood, pass the allotted three-
Bcore years and ten, and die without knowing
be had burned his fingers. For it would take
135 years for the nerves to give him that in-
formation.
A Swiss society has recently offered a prize
of 1000 francs, for the best essay on the im-
portance of observing one day in the week as
a day of rest, from the hj'gienic point of view.
Koumiss, or milk-beer. — Milk contains a
peculiar kind of sugar, less sweet than cane
sugar, to which the name of milk-sugar is
given. This sugar, when dissolved in the
milk along with the curd and butter, readily
ferments, is transformed into alcohol and car-
bonic acid, and gives to the liquid an intoxi-
cating quality. This fermentation will take
place spontaneously; but it is hastened by the
addition of yeast, or of a little already fer-
mented milk. The fermented liquid is the
Koumiss of the Tartars. Mare's milk is richer
in sugar than that of the cow, and is usually
emploj'cd for the manufacture of milk-beer.
It is prepared as follows: To the new milk,
diluted with one-sixth of its bulk of water, a
quantity of rennet, or what is better, some
koumiss is added, and the whole is covered
up in a warm place for 24 hours. It is then
stirred or churned together till the curd and
whey are intimately mixed, and is again
left at rest for 24 hours. At the end of this
time it is put into a tall vessel, and agitated
till it becomes perfectly homogeneous. It has
now an agreeable, sourish taste, and, in a cool
place, may be preserved several months in
close vessels. It is always shaken up before
it is drunk. This liquid from the cheese and
butter it contains, is a nourishing as well as
exhilarating drink. It has been used as a
wholesome article of diet in cases of dyspepsia
and general debility, and in some other forms
of disease, and it is said with beneficial results.
The London manufacturers, who use cows'
milk, add a portion of sugar to it, before set-
ting it to ferment.
It is reported that a gardener at Tatten-
ham, England, has succeeded in cultivating the
Cockatoo flower of Madagascar. Arigraecum
Ellisii, and that it has recently bloomed. The
flowers are pure white, sweetly scented, and
with tubes or tails six inches in length.
The coral banks of the coast of Algeria ai'C
very rich, and said to produce the most beau-
tiful coral in the world. In the 16th century
France had the privilege of this fishery, and the
coral business flourished greatly at Marseilles.
During the wars of the Empire, however,
England deprived France of the right of the
fisheries, which were then abandoned to the
Greeks and Sicilians. At present the industry
has taken root in Italy, where the low cost of
manual labor makes it very prosperous. The
coral fishery off Algeria was in 1871 done by
220 vessels, each of them manned by 8 or 10
men, and the product was valued at 2,380,050
francs. In 1872 only 131 boats were employ-
ed ; the discovery of new banks on the Sar-
dinian coast being the cause of this diminu-
tion, but, notwithstanding, the fishery was
more productive than the previous year. Di-
vers'jackets and diving-bells have been for-
bidden, as tending to injure the bottom. Each
bank is divided into 10 parts, only one of
which is gone over in each year.
For " The Friend."
A concise account of that eminent and faith-
ful servant ofthe Lord, John Burnyeat, (copied
from the Rise and Progress of Fi-iends in Ire-
land) being his own words.
"In the year 1653, it pleased the Lord to
send his faithful servant George Fox, and
others, into the north of England, and by the
means of their ministry to discover the right
path of life unto thousands that were in error,
seeking the Lord, but not knowing where to
find him, although he was not far from us, viz.,
by directing us unto the true light and appear-
ance of Christ Jesus our Saviour, in our own
hearts, that we might come to knoiv him,
and the glory of the Father through him,
in his appearance, and so come to believe in
him with the heart, and with the mouth con-
fess him unto salvation ; and God by this the
Light of his blessed Son, which he had light-
ed mo withal, let me see the body of death
and power of sin which reigned in me, and
brought me to feel the guilt of it upon my
conscience, so that he made as it were to pos-
sess the sins of my youth, and now all that I
had built for several years ; and particularli
my high profession and conceit of an imput(^i
live righteousness, and that though / lived i\
the act of sin, the guilt of it should not be upo\
me, but imputed to Christ, and his righteousne&
imputed to me; was now, by the shirtings ci
the discovering light, seen to be but a Babei
tower which God brought confusion uponj
a presumption and invention (of man), or bn*
like Adam's fig-leaved apron, in which h'
could not abide God's coming. I then cam
to see the guilt of sin remained, while th
body of death remained, and led into the acta
sin. Then began the warfare of true striv
ing to enter the kingdom ; then Paul's stat
was seen, wherein to will was present, but t
do, many times power was wanting; the;
confusion, amazement, horror and distres
beset me. O the poverty and want that mi
soul saw itself in, through the springing o'
the discovering light, which also manifestec
the exceeding sinfulness of sin, and the loac
and burden of it became exceedingly griev
ous, and all the pleasure of it was taker
away from me and many more in that day
and then we began to mourn for a Saviour
and cry for a helper and healer, for th(
day of the Lord that made desolate had over
taken us, and the fire and sword that Chris
brings upon the earth, by which he take;
away peace, had reached unto us. We ofter
assembled together as the Lord's messenger)
had exhorted us, and minding the Light o:
Christ in our hearts, and what that discov
ered, and through its assistance warred anc
watched against the evil seen therein, andi
according to that understanding receivedl
waited therein upon the Lord, to see whal
he would further manifest, with a holy reso-
lution to obey his will so far as we were able,
whatever it cost us. We valued not the loorld.
nor any glory or pleasure therein, in compari-
son of our souls' redemption from that horror
and terror wo were in, under the indignation
of the Lord, because of the guilt of sin that
was upon us ; and so being given up to beat
the indignation of the Lord, because we had
sinned, we endeavored to wait until it would
be over, and the Lord in mercy would blot
out the guilt which occasioned wrath, and
sprinkle our hearts from an evil conscience
and wash us with pure water, that we might
draw near with a pure heart, in the full assu-'
ranee of faith as the Christians did of old, and
waiting in the way of the Lord's judgment,
we began to learn righteousness, and strongly
desire to walk therein, and could no longer
be satisfied with a talk thereof, and when we
were in our deep fears, and our minds not
well acquainted with either right striving out
of self, in the Light and seed of Life that doth
prevail and give the entrance, or true waiting
or standing still, out of our thought!, willings
and runnings, which do not obtain, the Lord
sent his servants who had learned of him, to
direct us in what to wait, and how to stand
still, out of our own thoughts and self-
strivings, in the Light that did discover and
dwell in the judgment we received therein,
and by them our understandings were in-
formed, and we got to some degree of staid-
ness in our minds, which before had been a8
the troubled sea ; and a hope began to appear
in us, and we met often together and waited
to see the salvation of God which we had
often heard of, that ho would work by his
own power, and after we had met together
for some time as we had opportunities, and
THE FRIEND.
263
Iso sought the Lord with travailing spirits
olh night and day, when we were at our
alliuga and upon our beds, being in our as-
3mblies exercised in the living judgment that
prung in the light of our souls, and looking
)r the salvation of God, the wonderful power
•om on high was revealed amongst us, and
lany hearts reached therewith, and melted
nd broken ; and great dread and trembling
ill upon many, and the very chains of death
■ere broken thereby and the promises of the
lOrd spoken by Isaiah the prophet, xlix. 9,
od xlii. 7, and Ixi. 1, 2, 3, were fulfilled unto
lany, and a heavenly gladness entered the
earts of many, who in the joy of their hearts
roko forth in praises unto the Lord. The
tme Comforter our blessed Lord had pro-
dsed, John xiv. being now come and received,
.d teach us to know the Father and the Son ;
len were our hearts inclined to hearken to
le Lord, and our ears which he had opened
1 hear, were bent to hear what the Spirit's
aching was, and what he said unto the
lurchjWho was the chief Shepherd and Bishop
' the soul, and thus were we gathered into
right gospel exercise and gospel worship ; and
orshipped God who is a Spirit, in the Spirit
iceived from him, according to Christ's ap-
)intment, John iv. 24 ; and then wo came
I see over all the worships in the world,
hich were set up either by imitation, or
■an's invention, and saw it to be in vain to
orship God, and teach for doctrine the com-
andments of men, and therefore we were
instraiued to withdraw from them, and
so many of us to go and bear witness
;ainst them in their invented and traditional
orships, where they were ignorant of the
fe and power of God ; and growing in expe-
ence of the goodness of the Lord, and of the
u^reeluess, glory and excellency of his power,
:■ our assemblies, we grew in strength and
al for our meeiings, more and more, and
Uued the benefit thereof more than any
iOrldly gain : and thus continuing we grew
ore and more into an understanding of di-
ne things, and heavenly mysteries, through
e openings of the power that was daily
laongst us, and wrought sweetly in our
!:arts, which still united us more and more
ito God, and knit us together in the perfect
'dJ of love, of fellowship and membership,
I that we became a body compact, made
ii) of many members, whereof Christ was the
'.'.&d." ■ S. C.
Millville, 3d mo. 13th, 1S74.
For "The Friend."
In the annexed portion of a letter of John
iirclay to Samuel Alexander, there is a close
jessing home of the indispensable need and
iity for all that would attain eternal life, to
)st submitthemselves to Christ Jesus, taking
iis yoke or cross upon them, in order to know
teir calling, or what His will concerning
lem is, and then to abide in the same. If we
le poor and blind and lost creatures, and can
« DOthinj; without the Saviour's grace —
lough all-sufficient, and made perfect in loeak-
iss; if there be neither help, nor hope, nor
1 ppiness out of Him, but in Him all things
•our wisdom, righteousness, sauctification
I d redemption ; if his servants we are whom
■) obey, and that obedience is to be " as the
'68 of servants look unto the hand of their
Usters, and as the ej'es of a maiden unto
le band of her mistress," then surely the Lord
< life and glory should be diligently waited
il
upon, with close, patient watchfulness unto
prayer in all our steppings and goings forth,
that His will may be known, and in our feeble
measure done, which is our sanctification.
'•Dear Friend : — It is pleasant to me to ac-
cept of thy kind invitation to come to Need-
ham and in any way that I can, bo of use t >
thee while there. I make no doubt there will
be little cause for hesitation on my part. I
could not say as much to many: for many
now-a-days press and force themselves and
one another (as thou well knowest) into ser-
vices and pliiusiblo things, that have a show
of good, (and are, it may be good when called
for at their hands) which nevertheless the
Truth in the bottom of their own hearts never
called for, and so will hardly stand them out
in, though the wrong thing in them may ap-
prove of it, and the world of professors, both
such as bear the name of Friend and such as
do not, may mightily applaud.
Our dear friend, Benjamin White, has been
among us as one of the ancient Christians, or as
one of our early Friends, rousing the earlhl3^
minded and lukewarm in such a powerful and
authoritative manner, as we have not been used
to of late years I suppose. Friends seem to
look at one another, half frightened, to hear
such close doctrine, and to be turned inside
out, as he has in some instances to mj' know-
ledge been favored to do. And Friends cannot
entice him to speak smooth things, nor win
him over to prophesy deceits: and those that
run after him or his company are disappointed
in him, for they find nothing attractive or
pleasant to that mind in them which should
be crossed and crucified ; but his habitual
watchfulness reproves that which diverts from
the Truth ; and his silence and reserve (except
when at times otherwise disposed) have been
instructive to me, and seasoning: tending to
lead to self examination and reflection.
Thou wilt not take me to be setting up any
man, nor yet as pleading lor a formal super-
stitious gravity of face and figure. I may tell
thee freelj-, that ever since I have known this
way which used to be 'everywhere spoken
against,' but which now 'all men speak well
of,' I have sought diligentl}' to meet with all
those that lived in the life and power of those
good things and right principles which they
professed in their writings, and which were
once witnessed by a little cloud of witnesses,
and which Truth persuades me still leads into
and preserves in, where it is heeded. And I
have found hut a remnant up and down that
hold the Truth in the life of it; whoso gar-
ments were free from the spots of the world
and its religion, (for the world has taken to
be religious, yet still ' lies in wickedness,') nor
have I ever found of this remnant but ivhat
has sackcloth underneath, and are in mourn-
ing because of the oppression of the encm}' :
the joy of these and the ground of their re-
joicing stand in the real, not in the apparent
prosperity of the cause of Truth; their harps
were hung upon the willows, their heads hung
down, and their eyes were heavy. Among
these I was ready to reckon a Wool man, a
Scott, a Grubb of later years, and I felt as
though I dare not make void their sufferings
for the seed's sake. Having said this much
I am inclined to add, that many things rela-
tive to the state of our Society, past and pre-
sent, seem often to clear up in my view, when
sometimes I have looked least for it ; and I
have more than once remembered the descrip-
tion of Ezekiel's vision, when he was brought
first to the door of the inner gate of Jerusa-
lem, then toward the gate of the altar: after-
wards he had to dig lor a door hid; where-
upon the command was, 'Go in,' &c., and he
was shown 3-et greater and greater abomina-
tions, more and more hidden ones."
THE FRIEND.
FOURTH MONTH 4. 1874.
" Daj- unto da}' uttereth speech, and night
unto night showeth knowledge." This scrip-
ture declaration though when uttered, applied
to the revelation of Divine power in the crea-
tion, ma}' be quoted as descriptive of the pro-
gressive demonstrations of the fruits of the
new religion struggling for complete control
in the religious Society of Friends. Forty
}'ears ago Sarah Lynes Grubb, in one of her
letters said, "In the Quarterly Meeting of
Ministers and Elders [London and Middlesex]
I was enabled to declare plainly ivhat the
fashionable doctrine now preached among us,
would lead to ; and to warn of the danger at-
tached to leaning to our own understanding
in spiritual things." Again in another letter
of the same j'ear, " I cannot close my eyes to
the wide deviations from our ancient testi-
monies, which are, I believe, fast levelling us
with the world at large." From that time to
this, daj' unto day has been uttering the fulfil-
ment of what she, and many other dedicated
servants of the Most High, predicted would
Ibllow the general acceptance of the princi-
ples promulgated by the Beaconites, by J. J.
Gurney and Dr. Ash ; until now the change
that has been etfected is so great, especially
in the character and mode of worship and
prayer, — both essential to cohesion in one re-
ligious Society — that it is incomprehensible
how those devoted to the recently introduced
practices, can at the same time claim to bo
sincere and to bo Friends.
We have just received information of doc-
trines preached and circumstances attending
a series of meetings recentlj' held under pro-
fession of Friend's meetings, altogether incom-
patible with the doctrines and practices which
the Society of Friends has ever professed and
endeavored to carry out. At present we think
it not needful to spread the account on our
pages, as our readers have at different times
found similar statements in our columns.
The grievances and trials of Friends in the
present day, may give rise to a want of right
appreciation of the opinions and feelings of
those who, though in membership, differ wide-
ly from those who adhere to the faith pro-
mulgated by Fox, Penn, and Barclaj- ; but it is
an indisputable cause of just complaint against
thom that the}' show a continuous determina-
tion to enforce, directly or indirectly, their
new principles and practices upon the So-
ciety, which has from its rise, borne an un-
varying testimony to the scriptural faith it
holds, as set forth by the authors we have
mentioned, and the testimonies springingfrom
that faith. This, too, while' knowing that
those members who still hold to that faith
and those testimonies, and endeavor to reduce
them to practice in their daily lives, would
rather suffer any wrong and deprivation than
compromise or give them up.
While all rightly concerned Friends mourn
over the grievous defections and departures
they know have taken and are still taking
264
THE FRIEND.
place within the pale of the Society, they
have no desire to interforo with the right of
liberty of conscience, of each one adopting
the opinions he or she may believe right. Bat
when a continued course of action shows con-
clusively that the original doctrines of Friends
have been abandoned and others adopted,^ it
cannot bo otherwise than that the same in-
consistency that attended a similar abandon-
ment— though in differentpoints — on the part
of the Hicksites, should call forth similar
animadversion.
Where those who are convinced of the
soundness of the principles of Friends, as they
have been set forth by their approved writers,
and sanctioned by the vSocicty ever since their
first publication ; that they are the product
of the Holy Spirit, and that the testimonies
and practices of Friends are an application of
those principles consistent with the will of
the Head of the church, where such find that
the path of duty is continually obstructed by
others, who profess to have found and adopted
something better, they cannot but foci they
are subjected to imposition and intolerance,
and that to comply or compromise with what
is called "modernized Quakerism," is to lay
waste the cause and testimony of Truth.
Such have need, in their efforts to maintain
the right, of patience, long-sufforing and chris-
tian forbearance ; but it must be borne in mind
that while it is very grateful to have the sj'm-
palhy and support of the many, yet the good
opinion of our fellow men is no test of the
value of the cause espoused, or their applause
a criterion of the merit of its supporters.
When the duty of the hour presents, whether
in accordance with our inclination or not, we
are required to perform it, and our eternal in-
terest is connected with obedience to our con-
victions. It is no part of practical wisdom to
waste our energies in unavailing regret that
the circumstances under which wo are placed
are not more propitious, or that others have
not conducted themselves so as not to make
it needful for us to differ from or oppose them.
The cause of truth and righteousness is of
more value than any thing else we can be en-
gaged in, and must not be bartered for any
consideration. It will finally prevail and
triumph over all that may oppose it.
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
FOREION. — Tlie remains of Dr. Livingstone arriveil
at Suez on the '2Slli ult., en route to England. It ap-
pears tliat Livingstone died 5tli mo. 4th, 1873, in the
region bej'ond Liilie liemha, in the Bisa country. He
made tlie last entry in his diary on 4lli mo. 27th. After
Stanley's departure the indefatigable explorer left Un
yamyenilii, rounded the south end of Lake Tanganyika,
travelled south of Lake Bemba, crossed it from south
to north, and then proceeded along the east side return-
ing north through the marshes to Muelsla. All his
papers, sealed and addressed to tlie Secretary of State,
are in charge of a British merchant of Zanzibar.
Siemens Brotliers announce thai their new steamship,
the Faraday, built specially for the purpose of layin^
cables, will commence on the 1.5th of this month to
take on board the cable which is to be laid direct to tl
United States. The Great Eastern will start in the
Eighth month to lay the Portuguese telegraph cable
from St. Vincent, in the Cape de Verde Islands, to Per
narabuco, Brazil.
Disraeli has consented to receive a deputation of
seventy Irish members of Parliament, who come to urge
the release of the Fenian convicts. Dr. Butt and others
will address the premier. The members of the deputa-
tion are very hopeful of receiving a favorable reply.
There are only sixteen Fenians remaining in conline-
mcnt.
The trustees of the London Peabody fund state that
the number of families residing in the trustees' build-
ings is 882, occupying 1875 rooms. The average rent
per room is Is. lOd. per week, and the net income de-
rived from the buildings is about 2i per cent, per
annum upon the outlay. Two more blocks for the ac-
commodation of 4-1 families have been built on the
Blackfriars road estate, which will shortly be opened ;
while 16 blocks, for 352 families, are in cour.se of erec-
tion on the site near Stamford street.
The coal miners of Staffordshire, to the number of
12,000, have struck work. The London papers at-
tribute the prevailing depression in business to the ex-
tensive strikes of the coal and iron miners in various
parts of England. '
London, 3rd mo. 30th. — Consols 92. U. S. sixes,
18(55, 109J ; 5 per cents, 104.
Liverpool. — Uplands cotton, 8|d.; Orleans, S^ a Sid.
Breadstufis rjuiet
The French Assembly has resolved to adjourn from
3d mo. 28th to 5th mo. 12th. A deputation of Koyalists
will soon visit the Count de Chambord, and make a
last eflbrt to effect a restoration of the monarchy. A
Paris dispatch of the 27th says: In the Assembly to-
day M. Dahirel, Monarchist, moved the Assembly take
a vote on the first of July to decide the future form of
government. He urged that it was impossible to adopt
a constitution without first settling the question whether
France was to be a monarchy or a republic.
The motion caused great excitement in the chamber
and a heated debate ensued. M. Kerdre and tlie Duke
de Broglie spoke against the motion and it was rejected.
Rochefort and Pascal Grousset have escaped from the
penal colony of New Caledonia to .\ustralia. They
left in a small open boat, and had been three days at
sea when they were picked up by a British vessel and
taken to Australia.
A Madrid dispatch of the 26th says : A desperate
engagement was fought yesterday before Bilboa. The
Republican army, under the command of Marshal Ser-
rano, attacked the Carlists at G o'clock in the morning,
and met with a stubborn resistance. The battle was
kept up all d.ay, and was only stopped by the approach
of night, when the Republicans encamped on tlie posi-
tions they had captured from the Royalists. The loss
of the national troops was 470 men. The contest was
renewed the following day and closed at night with de-
cided advantages for tlie national forces, who had driven
back the Carlist lines and taken a number of positions
occupied by them.
Dispatches from Carlist sources, on the contrary,
claim success for the insurgents in the two days fight-
ing with Marshal Serrano.
A correspondent of the London Times, at Serrano's
head-quarters, telegraphs that the losses in the battle
before Bilboa were very heavy.
A Vienna dispatch of the 28th says : Several deputies
have prepared a resolution in the lower house of the
Reichstrath, requesting the government to expel from
the country the Jesuits and all orders affiliated there-
with.
The Emperor, Francis Joseph, will visit Naples
where he will meet the King of Italy and accompany
liiiu to Turin.
It is reported that King Victor Emanuel burned the
address sent to him from a number of the citizens of
Trieste, because it contained treasonable sentiments
toward -iustria, and that he will send to the Austrian
government a disavowal of sympathy with the address.
The Carlist Junta at Bayonne, has received dis-
patches from Durango, near Bilboa, claiming that the
Royalists maintain all their positions, and that they
have cut the telegraph wires behind Marshal Serrano's
arm_v. These dispatches state the loss of the Republi-
cans in the recent contest at 4,000 killed and wounded,
while tliat of the Carlists did not exceed 1,000.
A London dispatch of 3d mo. 31st says: There have
been heavy losses on both sides in the battle before
Bilboa. Santander is crowded with wounded from the
Republican ranks. The Carlist besieging force has
partially suspended the bombardment of Bilboa, in
order to turn their guns against Serrano's array.
United States. — There were 525 interments in New
York last week. The annual report of the New York
Chamber of Commerce shows that the imports of New
York, for the year ending 6th mo. 30th, 1873, amounted
to $426,321,427 ; those into all other ports of the United
States $237,295,720. The exports were from New Y'^ork
$313,129,963; other ports 5336,002,600.
In Phil.adelphia last week the interments numbered
300. On the 24th ult. a destructive fire at Cramp and
Sons' ship-yard consumed property valued at $175,000.
The recent proceedings in Congress have been mostly
unimportant. The Senate has .agreed with the House
in fixing the legal tender circulation at $400,000,000.
The House of Representatives, by a vote of 121 to 116,
has passed a bill to regulate commerce by railroad
among the several States. By this bill railroads carrj
ing freight and p.assengers between different States, a;, i
forbidden to charge more than a fair and reasonab;
rate for transportation, such rate to be ascertained ar
fixed by a Board of nine Railroad Commissioners to 1
appointed by the President, with the advice and co
sent of the Senate, and to be residents of each of tl
nine judicial districts of the United States. They a:
to be disinterested persons, and not to have any interei ,
in the stock, bonds, or property of any railroad or othi
transportation company.
The total production of coal in the United States :
1873, according to the Pottsville Miners! Journal, wi
45,413,330 tons, viz: Anthracite 22,828,108 tons, an
Bituminous 22,585,222 tons. The total incre.ase i
1873 over 1872 is 1,962,179 tons.
The towboat Crescent City, with six barges in tov
blew up on the 23d ult. at Montezuma Island, on th
Mississippi river, and sunk immediately. The bargf
were all consumed. Sixteen persons were killed an
others badly injured. Loss of property .about $300,001
A fire at Elmira, N. Y'., last week, destroyed muc
valuable property. Estimated loss $260,000.
The Assistant Treasurer at New York, has bes
directed to sell $5,000,000 gold during the Fourth m
The Massachusetts Legislature has balloted man i
times for U. States Senator to succeed Charles Sumne
without effecting a choice. The votes are chiefly d
vided between Dawes, Hoar and Curtis, the latter beir,
the Democi-atic candidate. The ballot taken on tl
30th ult. resulted as follows: Whole number of vot'
256, neces.sary to a choice 129. Dawes received i
votes, Hoar 73, Curtis 72, scattering 26.
The production of wool in the United States durir
the last four years is thus set down by the Commerci
Bulletin. In 1870, 12-5,000,000 pounds, 1871, 112,.50(
000 pounds, 1872, 13-5,000,000 pounds, in 1873, 14^
500.000 pounds.
T/ie Markets, &c. — The following were the quotatio:
on the 30th ult. New York. — American gold, 113
U. S. sixes, 1881, Reg. 119|; Coupons 120J; ditt
1868, 119i; 5 per cents, 115. Superfine flour, $5.90
$6.20; State extra, J6.35 a $6.60; finer brands, $7
$10.75. No. 1 Chicago spring wheat, $1.57 ; No. 2 d(,
$163; red western, $1.62. Oats, 58 a 64 cts. Sta
rye, $1.03. Yellow corn, 88 cts. ; white, 88 a 92 c
Philadelphia. — Cotton, 17 a 17J cts. for uplands ai
New Orleans. Superfine flour, $5 a $5.50; extrt .
S5.75 a $6.50 ; finer brands, *7 a $10.25. Red whe:
$1.60 a $1.65; amber, $1.70 a $1.75; white, $1.80
$1.90. Rye, 95 cts. Y'ellow corn, 82 cts. Oats, 5S
65 cts. Rice, 8 a 8J cts. Lard, 9.i a OJ cts. Abo
2200 beef cattle .sold at 7 J- a 7| cts. per lb. gross f
extra, a few choice 8 cts. ; 6} a 7 cts. for fair to goo
and 4J a 6 cts. for common. Sheep sold at 6 a 8:j ci
per lb. gro.ss, and corn fed hogs at $8.50 a $9 per H
lbs. net. St. Louis. — No. 2 winter red wheat, $I.-5l|
No. 2 spring, $1.23. No. 2 corn, 63.V cts. No. 2 oat
.50 cts. Spring barley, , $1.28 a $1.45. Chicago.-
Spring extra flour, S5 a J6.75. No. 1 spring whe;
$1.25; No. 2 do., $1.19.V; No. 3 do., $1.17. No.
mixed corn, 63 cts. No. 2 oats, 44^ cts. No. 2 sprir
barley, $1.52 a $1.-54. Lard, 9J cts. Cincinnati.-
Wheat, $1.40 a $-1.43. Corn, 65 a 68 cts. Oats, 50
57 cts. Rye, $1.05. Lard, 9\ a 9i cts.
WESTTOAVN BOARDING SCHOOL.
As the stations of Superintendent and Matron of th
Institution are expected to be vacated at the close of tl
Winter Session, in the 4th month next, Friends wl
may feel drawn to undertake the duties attached ,
them, are requested to communicate thereon witheith
of the following named members of the Committee.
Nathaniel N. Stokes, Cinnaminson Poat-ofEt
Burlington Co., N. J.
Charles Evans, No. 702 Race St., Philadelphi;
Deborah Rhoads, Haddonfield, N. J.
Rebecca S. Allen, No. 335 S. Fifth St., Philad
A young woman Friend, with experience as a teacht
desires a situation as .assistant in a Friends' School. '
Address box 12, Kennett Square, Chester Co., Pa.
Died, at the residence of her son-in-law, Dall
Reeve.s, Harford Co., Md., Third month 3d, 187
Abigail N. Parker, in the 73d year of her age,
member of Birmingham Monthly Meeting of Friendi,
WILLIAM H. PILE, PRINTER.
No. 422 Walnut Street.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. XLVII.
SEVENTH-DAY, FODBTH MONTH 11, 1874.
NO. 34.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
ce Two Dollars per annum, if paid in advance. Two
dollars and fifty cents, if not paid in advance.
Sabacriptions and Paymenta receiTed by
JOHN S. STOKES,
LT NO. 116 NOETH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS,
PHILADELPHIA.
stage, when paid quarterly in advance, five cents.
For " Tho riiend."
Memoirs and Letters of Sarah Ilillman.
(Coutinued from page 259.)
To Martha Wistar.
"Philadelphia, 3d mo. 2nd, 1839.
Dear Friend : — Amid manj^ and varied dis-
uragements and conflicts both of flesh and
irit, m.y mind this morning seems to .salute
ee ; and, in a little renewed feeling of sister-
sympathy and tender affection, desires thy
vn with that of thj' dear companion's en-
uragement and increase in that which is
jifading and which lives through death.
lYoii have had dear E. Eobson from house
house among you, scattering precious seed ;
d I trust in some places, if not many, it will
t only take root but spring up, and bring
fth fruit to the praise of the great Husband-
an. Ah ! hath He not visited and watered,
d sent his servants again and again amongst
? But ivhat are the fruits, and where are
ey ? In this place, things are very discour-
ing. Elders there are who have left their
st love ; and ministers who are teaching the
ople some easier or other waj^ to tho king-
ra of Heaven, than the way of the cross —
e way which ourDivineLordand Redeemer
hnsecrated for us — and who are robbing Him
c his honor by saying. He has not yet come
i Spirit. There is notwithstanding, as thou
fre^t in thy last very precious communica-
1 11. some consolation in the belief, that
£;ong our dear young Friends, there are
tmy attracted by the powerful influences of
Ivine Grace secretly revealed, and are made
filing to wait for Ilim who is the Eesurrec-
t a and the Life, where alone He is to be
(■iiigly known — in the heart; and in this
Siooi are being taught to yield to His all-
Cansing power. Some of these there are,
■v 0 have been of later days constrained to
aiear in tho simple garb of the Friend,
t)Ugh I doubt not much in the cross to the
n.ural will ; but to the realizing of the peace
■v-ich passeth understanding, and does follow
O'dience in the day of small things — the
Oidience of faith. is of this number.
lou knowest him I suppose? His views are
Vy sound and clear. May he be preserved.
'Ve have lost a fixther and a prince in tho
rnoval of dear Jonathan Evans. He who
B'3d as a wall of defence on the right hand
and on the left; and was indeed an elder
worthy of double honor. He was one whom
the archers sorely grirved, and shot at, and
hated ; but whose bow abode in strength, and
tho arms of his hands were made strong by
the hand of the mighty God of Jacob. And
when called to put off mortality, his work ap-
peared finished, so that there seemed to be
nothing more to do. The language of eon-
duct with him was, 'I have fought a good
fnght, 1 have finished my course, I have kept
tho faith : henceforth there is laid up for mo
a crown of righteousness,' &c. Ah! he is
gone. And to some of us to be stripped at
such a season as this of such a prop, such an
unbending pillar, when so many that 'seemed
to be pillars' bend, is at times almost over-
whelming. Yet, dear friend, we have cause
to believe that Ho whose is tho work, and
the power, and tho cause too, will not fail
those who put their trust in Him ; but that
as He has in mercy visited and called and
chosen manj' who have gone before us, and
kept them to a happy conclusion in his favor,
and has also niercit'ull}' visited, and brought
our souls, with many, man_y more, in some
measure acquainted with tho teachings of his
Blessed Spirit, so He will continue, in His
adorable mercy, to work in and for us, as well
as in all who receive him and ohay his teach-
ings. For ivxAj his grace hath appeared to
all men ; and ho hath wrought all that for us
which in early daj-s Ho spoke to us of, when
our souls were first enamored with his love,
and Ho became to us the chiefest among ten
thousand, and altogether lovelj'.
I have found it necessary since thy last, to
leave my home again a little while to at-
tend the Quarterly Meetings of Concord and
Western. Dear Grace Evans accompanied.
Was at Springfield Meeting two First-days,
and was favored to return with the covering
of quiet, peaceful poverty; for which, un-
worthy as I am, I was thankful. My spirit
does not ascend to the heights as some I have
read of and heard of, yet there is a reward
for every act of faith, and labor of lovo I as-
suredly believe, if it be no more than a little
increasing ability to trust in our Heavenly
Father's care, and commit our all into his holy
keeping, as into the hands of a faithful Creator.
The world can afford us no staff to lean upon.
Its friendships are ofttimes very fluctuating,
even when based, wo had hoped, upon religion.
But the foundation which is laid in Zion is
immovable; and if we are only builded on
this sure foundation, we need fear no evil, for
we shall be, as we continue faithful, kept from
tho power of the enemy. May we, saith my
soul, dear friends, be kept each in our lot,
patient and faithful, whatever the permitted
trials of our day may be, and thej' will be
many I doubt not; that thus we may be pre-
pared to be joined with that blessed company,
' who stand on mount Zion, and with palms in
their hands, are ascribing all honor and glory
'and praise, to Him who hath loved them and
washed them from their sins in his own pre-
cious blood.
Thy cousin, H.Oflley, has applied to Friends
of Philadelphia to be received into member-
ship. I called to see her ; she desired her lovo
to th'ee. In which desire m}' dear mother and
sisters unite, with thy riTectiona.ely attached
friend, S. Hillm-IN."
To WUUain Scatfergood.
" Pliiladclphia, 5th mo. 27th, 1839.
* * * * jjy niind is deeply oppressed
under weights and burdens known only to my
(our I should say) Almighty Helper, who
' weigheth tho mountains in scales,' and in
His own way and time bringeth from under
the mountains, reinoveth tho weeds from about
the head, and is afresh felt to bo our Wisdom,
Righteousness and Sanctification. Ah ! there
are none, 1 believe, fully made sensible of
what the poor messengers, who arc sometimes
called upon to blow tho trumpet in Zion, and
sound an alarm in the Lord's holy mountain,
have to pass through while eating tho roll of
prophecy, but thej' who are baptized into tho
same death. Nevertheless the}- have this sure
consolation, they know Ho that is in them is
iCreater than he that is in tho world, and that
He will keep that which we have through
mercy been enabled to commit unto Him to
the great day. Then in seasons of great con-
flict let us retire into the strong tower, and
spread our cause before Him whose we are,
who knoweth us altogether, and whom we
(lesiro to serve in the Gospel of His dear Son.
Surely there is nothing in this world worthy
to be compared with tho joys of His salva-
tion ; not anj' thing worthy the energies of
the immortal mind, but tho pursuit of those
durable riches and righteousness which are at
His right hand. I can truly tell thee, my
dear friend, that since I saw thee very little
relief has been afforded my poor mind ; but
from meeting to meeting I have been wading
in deep waters without any ability to cast
off tho burden, or any part of it. Retiring
last eve under much oppression, I was awak-
ened after a little sleep with this gracious
promise, ' I will strengthen thee, yea I will
help thee, yea I will uphold theo with tho
right hand of mj' righteousness.' Thinking
it might prove a little encouragement to theo
also, 1 freely pen it. Thou art aware that
thy correspondent has long know'n of bap-
tisms and conflicts, and deaths many ; and
still made slow progress towards the promised
land. Yet to the praise of His grace who has
thus far sustained I can say, that when my
heart has been thoroughly reduced into sub-
mission, He has, blessed bo His holy Name,
always showed himself strong. Ho has burst
the bars of iron in sunder. Ho has said to
the prisoner, 'go forth.' Yea, and even out of
darkness has brought into light. Peter's situa-
tion, when sleeping between two soldiers,
bound with two chains, has been much before
me. When the angel of the Divine presence
266
THE FRIEND.
appeared, a light shined in the prison, and. When it was finished, he deserted his capital,
the command was given, 'go, stand and speak |and made it his principal residence, devoting
in the temple to the people all the words of, himself to an eternal penance of fasting and
this life.' Chains could not bind him then, flagellation, but at the same time boasting
The prison doors opened of their own accord ; ' that he governed two worlds from the heights
and we find, that after the augel had conveyed
him through the gate and one street, he de-
parted. Peter was to feel what he was; he
was to go in the strength of Him who had
called him ; as must we also. And now if thy
Heavenlj' Master is preparing to say to thee,
return to thy country and to thy kindred ; if
He bid thee come to labor in this thy native
and poor, yet beloved city, come : there are
hearts here open to receive you in the right
time. The harvest is truly great, the faithful
laborers are very few. Though to the out-
ward eye, many laborers there are, and some
labor much. came yesterday to our
meeting and spoke long; then prayed. To
me there was the savor of death. The spirit
that is gone forth, cries, words! words! help,
help ! chiefly to the servants not to the Master.
'It is splendidly delusive,' as S. Fothergill
said ; and cannot distinguish between that
which serveth God, and that which serveth
* I am thy attached sympa-
S. HlLL.M.lN."
(To be continued.)
him not. * "^
thizing friend
The Escurial and Pliilip II.
A. J. C. Hare, in his " Wanderings in Spain,"
thus notices the gloomy and magnificent build-
ing which occupied so much of the attention
of the bigoted Spanish monarch.
The Escurial may be taken upon the road
northwards, or may form a separate excursion
from Madrid. The station of the name lands
you at the foot of the hill on which this co-
lossus of granite is placed. It is generally
described as standing in a mountain wilder-
ness, but this is not quite true. You ascend
through woods which are pleasant enough,
and w4iere Charles VI. wisely declining to in-
habit the " architectural nightmare," built a
pretty little toy palace of his own. But be-
hind the Escurial all is a bleak solitude, blue
bleak peaks, capped with snow, and furrowed
by dry torrent beds, or sandy deserts sprinkled
over with boulders of granite. There is no
softening feature. The dismal streets of gran-
ite houses, which surround the huge granite
palace and church, have the same lines of
narrow prison-like windows, the same harsh
angular forms everywhere. The main edifice
was thirty-one years in building, and is three
quarters of a mile round, but each wall is just
like the other, they have no distinguishing
features whatever. It has thirt3'six courts,
and eleven thousand windows, but they are
all of the same size, and all exactly alike. The
architect, Herrera, was tied down to the most
hideous of plans, that of a gridiron, because
it was the emblem of St. Lawrence, upon
■whose day, the 10th of August, the building
was begun after the successful siege of St.
Quentin. The whole is justly looked upon as
a stone image of the mind of its founder,
Philip II. And the interest which encircles
this cruel yet religious, this superstitious yet
bravo, character lends a charm even to the
Escurial. Except the extirpation of heretics,
it was the chief object of his earthly ambition.
The seat is shown high among the grey
boulders of the hill-side, whence he used to
watch the progress of the huge fantastic plan,
as court after court was added, each fresh
wing forming another bar of the gridiron.
of his mountain solitude. Hither, when he
felt the approach of death, during an absence
at Madrid, he insisted upon being brought,
borne for six days on a litter upon men's
shoulders, and here, during his last hours, he
was carried round all the halls to take a final
survey of the work of his life.
The main entrance is so featureless as almost
to pass unnoticed. It leads into avast gloomy
courtyard, at the end of which are huge
statues of the kings of Judah. These decorate
the fiicade of the church. Its interior is bare
and dismal, but the proportions are magnifi-
cent, and though the efi'eet is cold and oppres-
sive, it is not without a certain solemnity of
its own. In high open chapels on either side
of the altar, kneel two groups of figures in gilt
robes. On the left are Charles V., his queen,
his daughter, and his two sisters; on the right
are Philip II., three of his wives (the unloved
Mary of England being omitted), and Don
Carlos. Down a long flight of steps you are
led by torchlight to the Panteon, an octagonal
chamber surrounded by twenty-six sepulchres
of kings or mothers of kings, arranged one
above another like berths in a ship. Charles
V. occupies a place in the upper story. Bran-
tome declares that the Inquisition proposed
that his body should be burnt for having
given ear to heretical opinions. It remains,
though curiosity, not heresy, has twice caused
the coffin to be opened ; the last time in 1871,
during the visit of the Emperor of Brazil,
when hundreds of people flocked from Madrid
to look upon the awful lace of the mighty-
dead, which was entire even to the hair and
eyebrows, though perfectly black. Philip II.
fills the niche below, lying in the coffin of gilt
bronze which ho ordered to bo brought to
him, that he might inspect it in his last mo-
ments, and for which he ordered a white satin
lining and a larger supplj' of gilt nails, with
his last breath. Each of the Austrian kings
seems to have loved to pass hours here in
meditation over his future resting-place. * *
The convent stall is still shown which
Philip II. occupied, and where he was kneel-
ing when the messenger arrived breathless
with eager haste from Don John, of Austria,
to announce the victory of Lepanto, but could
obtain no audience till the monarch had
finished his devotions. From hence it is but
a few steps to the low bare rooms which the
bigot king occupied as a dwelling. They are
full of interest. The furniture is the same,
the pictures, the table, the chairs, the high
stool to support his gouty leg. At the bureau,
which still exists, he was sitting writing when
Don Christoval de Moura came in to announce
the total destruction of the Spanish Armada,
the scheme on which he had wasted a hun-
dred million ducats and eighteen years of his
life. Not a muscle of his face moved. He
only said, " I thank God for having given me
the means of bearing such a loss without em-
barrassment, and power to fit out another
fleet of equal size. A stream can aft'ord to
waste some water, when its source is not
dried up."
The inner room opens into the church by a
shutter. At this opening the ghastl}' figure
of the kintr was seen present at the public
with an agonized fervor of devotion. Hei
also, he sate on the morning of the 13th
September, 1598, and having summoned \
children, Philip and Clara Eugenia Isabel
to embrace him, received extreme unctic
and even after the power of speech had c
parted, remained with his hands grasping t
crucifix which his father Charles V. he
when he was dying, and with his eyes fix
upon the altar of the church, till those ej
were closed in death.
Selected for "The Friend.
And, dear Friends and brethren, I entre
you, that the consideration of these great a:
weighty things which God hath wrought
you, and among you, may have that deep a
weighty influence upon your souls, that
may find yourselves engaged to answer
love and mercy of God in your lives and ec
versation, and in all j'ou have to do in tl
world, that ye may show forth the honor
God in all things; that the light which
shined in you, may shine forth through y
unto others, who yet sit in darkness, that
men may know by your innocent and har,
less conversation, and by your close keep:
to the Lord, that ye are a people who are
sisted and helped by a supernatural pow
which governs your wills, and subjects the
to his blessed will, and that guides and ord(
your affections, and sets them upon heaver
and divine objects, and that gives you po\\
to deny your own private interests, wh(
they happen to stand in competition with
interest of Truth. For these, and these on
will be found the true disciples of our Lc
Jesus Christ, who can deny themselves, ta
up a cross daily, and follow him in the gu
ance of his regenerating power, which brin
death upon self, and crucifies the old natu
with its afiections and lusts; and raiseth uj
birth in you, that hath a holy will and des
to serve the Lord, and do his will on
earth ; and such as these are instruments
the hand of God for him to work by, and
do works of righteousness, of justice, of chari
and all other the virtues belonging to a chr
tian life, to the honor of God, and for t
benefit and comfort of his church and peop
— Extract from an Epistle by Stephen Crisp
Friends.
ConfideBce in Animals.
" There are probably few persons famil:
with farm life," says a writer in the N
England Fanner, "who have not observec
marked contrast between the general char;
ter and appearance of the domestic animi
kept on dirterent farms within the circle
their acquaintance.
"On approaching some farm houses, t
first salutation comes from a noisy, growli
dog, who seems to take j'ou for a trespass
The next, from his master, who divides
energies between welcoming you, and scoldi
the dog for not behaving better. You vi
the barn, and as you open the door, a frigl
eued cat scuds across the floor, and with 0
look back at you from her great green ey
disappears through some hole in the floor,
out at a broken window.
" The horses laj' back their eai's, squeal, aC
kick the sides of their stalls, as much as '
say, ' we feel cross, and can't help actinu'
out.' The oxen and cows start back as y
pass before them, as if afraid they should >•
mass during his illness, following the prayci-s hit with a fork, and the young calves al
THE FRIEND.
267
gs scamper to the farthest corners of their
3n8, to be out of your way, and oven the
lickens seem to be bound you shall have all
le room to yourself.
i"Amonrr such animals, you ■will find the
prses balkj' and easily frightened, if a har-
ass or carriage breaks; the oxen run at the
|id of every furrow, either too much gee or
fO much haw; the cows kick and spill the
iilk; and the hens steal their nests; and
;arly all this trouble is caused by a fractious
aster, who controls not his own temper. If
gate 13 carelessly left open, and the cows get
to the garden, the dog and the boys, with
enty of clubs and stones, are sent to drive
lem back. If the oxen are wanted from the
isture, they must be driven into some small
ircer of the yard, before they can be yoked.
a strap breaks in the harness, a runaway,
id a broken carriage is the result ; all for the
ant of confidence between the master and
animals.
'On another farm, the dog welcomes j'ou
ith a dignified but cheerful wag of his tail,
d leads you to the door, or to the presence
his master. The cat keeps her place in the
nny corner, where she has gone for a nap.
je horses whinny as you enter the barn,
d seem glad to see you, while the cattle
ach over to see who has come, or quietly
ew their cuds. The calves and the j'oung
ttle gather around to see what new dis-
veries can be made — and all this because of
e confidence between the master and his
imals. If his horse finds the harness com-
g off, or the wagon running too close to his
els, he quietly stops to have it fixed. All
is difference and more can be seen any day,
a few miles drive in almost any part of our
antry. Wo can find farms where all the
imals seem to be in constant fear of some-
ing; while at other places the animals seem
have a perfect understanding with, and the
llest confidence in their kind ruler.
" Of course there is a difference in the natu-
1 dispositions of our animals. "We should
oose those, for breeding especially, that are
tnrally quiet and peaceable, and then by
ad and reasonable treatment keep them so.
We cannot begin too early to handle and
t the young animals we are raising. It is
mderful how soon they will acquire a feel-
j of confidence, and learn to come to us for
otection and care. And if we would retain
at confidence, we must never, on any ac-
ant, betray it. It is almost impossible to
»ain perfect confidence in any animal that
u have once cheated or deceived.
A horse that has run away once, is gener-
y more ready to run again. And the heifer
at has been once frightened or abused, is
er after on the lookout for danger. If you
mid have your heifers make good cows,
sat them firmly but kindly. Let them not
irn to associate milking with pains and
iks, and loud talking. Milking is, to them,
unnatural performance, and you must have
tience while teaching them to submit to the
eration.
"Horses and oxen should have such confi-
CDce in their drivers, that they will willingly
td repeatedly make all reasonable effort to
<■ as they are bidden. A team should never
1 told the second time to start an unreason-
lle load. We don't believe a horse would
ler become balky, if it were never misused
I over loading and whipping. It is our best
Irses, those that are full of spirit, that get
balky, and not the ' lunkheads' that don't
know enough to know when they are mis-
used.
" What is it but a feeling of confidence that
makes the patient horse stand for hours in
harness, unhitched, waiting the return of his
master to give him the word to go, before ho
will leave his tracks ? And what is it, but this
same confidence in his master, that makes a
well trained horse willing to bo driven over
uncertain places, across shaking dilapidated
bridges, and up to noisj- locomotives, with
their puffing smoke-stacks and screaming
whistles? If it were not so common, we
should think it wonderful to see the thousands
of jobbing horses that are left standing in our
streets every day, without hitching, awaiting
the delivery of bread or meat or groceries, on
their daily routes. Yet accidents and run-
aways are the exception instead of the rule.
" Wo know our domestic animals may be
made to fear us, and probably they may some-
times be partially controlled through fear;
and we presume they may sometimes have
feelings almost akin to love for their masters,
yet wo believe the one great and strong feel-
ing that should be cultivated above all others,
between the animal and his owner, should be
this perfect feeling of confidence. In this lies
the master's power. With it and patience,
the animal can be taught almost anything,
and will do whatever it is trained to do. With
this confidence between the animals and our-
selves, we can mingle with them, use and con-
trol them — without it we are at their mercy.
"How important then, in training our
steers, our heifers or our colts, that we strive
to make this feeling of confidence perfect be-
tween them and us, and how careful should
we bo never to betray that confidence by an
unreasonable word or blow or act. As man
looks up to a Superior Power on which he
can rely in times of trial and doubt, so our
animals seem to look to us as their superior
power, in whose care they are both willing
and glad to trust. If you would govern an
animal well, gain its confidence."
Selected.
Extract from the Memorial of Thos, Evans.
It is a time when many are forsaking some
of those precious testimonies which it pleased
the Lord to load our oai'ly Friends into, and
for the faithful maintenance of which, some
of them suffered deeply. The Scripture lan-
guage of thou and thee to one; the avoidance
of all fashionable compliments and insincere
language ; the disuse of the vain fashions and
customs of the world ; and carefully observ-
ing a plain, simple and inexpensive mode of
living, all of which the ancient Friends were
divinely led into, are now represented bj'manj'
as of little account, as no part of christian
duty, and by some are even derided and con-
demned as sectarian and notional. It is
deeply painful to see those things, and the
fruits to which they lead; many running out
into the ways and fashions of the times, chang-
ing with every change; while the tenderly
visited minds of the young are puzzled and
perplexed, and they are readj' to say, mourn-
ing: " Who shall show us any good." While
sorrow covers mj' heart in view of these
things, which seem like standard-bearers turn-
jing back in the day of battle, and deserting
I their banners, I have had to believe that the
I Lord will take care of his own cause and truth;
and though many of those unfaithful ones
maj- wholly run out and make shipwreck, and
the Society become much reduced in number,
yet the Lord will preserve a remnant true to
himself and to his truth, through all the re-
proach and trials thoj- may have to endure,
and cause them to stand in greater puiitv and
integrity; and they will be as an ensign lifted
up for others to rallj- to, so that in days to
come there will be a gathering to the standard
of ancient Quakerism. For I am firm in the
persuasion, that the precious principles of
Truth will not be permitted to fall, nor stand-
ard bearers be wanting to uphold them before
the nations. Happy will it bo for such mem-
bers, who, in an honest and good heart, main-
tain them in all their integrity, not in word
only, but in their whole lives and conduct.
♦-•
James Yeitch and David Brewster. — Mary
Somerville, in her recollections, thus notices
these talented men :
" When at Jedburgh, I never failed to visit
James Veitch, at Inchbonny, a small property
beautifully situated in the valley of the Jed,
at a short distance from the manse. He was
a plough Wright, a hard-working man, but of
rare genius, who taught himself mathematics
and astronomy in the evenings with wonder-
ful success, for he know the motions of the
planets, calculated eclipses and occultations,
was versed in various scientific subjects, and
made excellent telescopes, of which I bought
a very small one ; it was the only one I ever
possessed. Veitch was handsome, with asingu-
iarlj" fine bald forehead and piercing eyes, that
quite looked through one. He was perfectly
aware of his talents, shrewd, and sarcastic.
His fame had spread, and he had many visits,
of which he was impatient, as it wasted his
time. He complained especially of those from
ladies not much skilled in science, who as he
thought, asked many silly questions. Veitch
was strictly religious and conscientious, ob-
serving the Sabbath day with great solemnitj-;
and I had the impression that ho was stern
to his wife, who seemed to be a person of in-
telligence, for I remember seeing her come
from the washing tub to point out the planet
Venus while it was still daylight.
The return of Halley's comet, in 18-3.5, ex-
actly at the computed time, was a great astro-
nomical event, as it was the first comet of
long period clearly proved to belong to our
system. I was asked by John Jlurray to
write an article on the subject for the Quar-
terly Review. After it was published I received
a letter from James Veitch, reproaching me
for having mentioned that a peasant in Hun-
gary was the first to see Halley's comet, and
for having omitted to say that ' a peasant at
Inchbonny was the first to see the comet of
1811, the greatest that had appeared for a
centurj'. I regretted, on receiving this letter,
that I either had not known, or had forgotten
the circumstance. Veitch has been long dead,
but I avail myself of this opportunity of mak-
ing the amende honorable to a man of groat
mental power and acquirements who had
strugt;led through difficulties, unaided, as I
have done mj-self.
Sir David Brewster was many years j'ounger
than James Veitch ; in his early j'oars ho as-
sisted his father in teaching the parish school
at Jedburgh, and in the evenings he went to
Inchbonny to study astronomy with James
Veitch ; who always called him Davie. They
were as much puzzled about the meaning of
the word 2}arallas as I had been with regard
268
THE FRIEND.
to the word algebra, and only learnt what it
meant when Brewster went to study in Edin-
burgh. They were both very devout men.
Brewster soon turned his attention to science,
and he devoted himself especially to optics,
in which he made so many discoveries. Sir
David was of ordinary height, with fair or
sandy colored hair and blue eyes. He was
by no means good looking, j-et with a very
pleasant, amiable expression ; in conversation
he was cheerful and agreeable when quite at
ease, but of a timid, nervous and irritable
temperament, and often at war with hisfellow-
philosophers upon disjnited subjects. I was
much indebted to Sir David, for he reviewed
my book on the ' Connexion of the Physical
Sciences,' in the April number of the EcUnburg
Review for 183i, and the 'Physical Geogra-
phy,' in the North British Review, both favor-
ably." _
Original.
"WHAT THE FLOWERS SAID.
I went to the woods one morning,
'Twas a snnny A))ril day ;
And laid my ear close to mother earth,
To hear what her pets would say.
I seemed to hear the Arbutus;
"I fear neither cold, nor snow;
I am waiting beneath my green leaflets,
Tlie coming of footsteps I know."
The Blood-Root said, I am ready,
And wailing, dear mother, thy word,
My snow-wliite petals are folded.
And the blood in my veins has stirred.
And the Violet seemed to whisper,
I long for the sun and the dew ;
My cup I have painted with .sky-tints —
My cup of cerulean blue.
The Wind-Flower said, I tremble,
I flutter with joy and hope ;
For the wind — my lover, he comes, he comes,
And he kisses my lids till they ope.
The Columbine said, I hasten,
I climb to my rocky height;
And fling out my bells of coral and gold.
That swing to the breezes light.
Said the May-Apple blossom, I linger
'Till sheltering leaflets I see ;
To thee, mother earth, my homage I give;
I bow my head ever to thee.
The Dandelion said, I tarry,
'Till thy carpet of green be spread ;
I'll stud it all over with stars of gold.
That shall rival the stars o'er head.
Dear mother, the Daisy and Buttercup said.
We'll come when the summer is bright;
Not all of thy children in regal robes,
Can so gladden the youthful sight.
With summer, we come, the Field-Lily said,
Though we toil not by night, nor by day ;
Yet the dear Heavenly Fatlier he careth for us,
And clollies us in beauty — alway.
Qermantown, 4th mo. 1S7.3.
• m
Selected*
TRUST TS GOD.
My Father, the guide of my youth,
To Thee for direction I lly ;
O grant me Thy light and Thy truth,
Nor ever Thy presence deny.
My pillar of cloud and of fire, — ■
While destined to journey below, —
What more can a pilgrim desire
Or Thou in thy goodness bestow?
Raffles.
Oranges and Lemons. — A full-grown orange-
tree yields from 500 to 2,000 fruit annually,
and arrives at the bearing state in three or
five years, as does the lemon-tree ; both grow
luxuriantly in most soils. The plantations
(in the Mediterranean countries) are called
gardens, and vary in size, the smallest con-
taining only a small number of trees, and the
largest many thousands. The fruit is gathered
in baskets, similar to peach baskets, lined
with canvas, the basket being held by a
strap attached and passed around the neck or
shoulders. From the garden the fruit goes to
the repacking magazine, where it is removed
from the boxes, in which it was packed in the
gardens, and repacked for shipment by ex-
perienced female packers, after having been
carefully assorted by women, and wrapped
in separate papers by young girls. As many
as 500 persons (mostly women and children)
are employed by some of the fruit-growers in
their gardens and magazines, in gathering,
sorting, and repacking for shipment, the wages
paid them varying froin nine to sixteen cents
a day. In sorting, every fruit that wants a
stem is rejected. The boxes are then securely
covered, strapped, and marked with the brand
of the grower, when they are ready for ship-
ment. Twenty years ago this trade was
nothing in its commercial characteristics, or
the inducements it offered to capitalists. Now
it is progressing with giant strides into promi-
nence, and is a considerable source of revenue
to the government. — Late Paper.
For "The Friend."
Search the Camp.
It was in coveting an evil covetousness by
Achan and taking a " goodly Babylonish gar-
ment, and two hundred shekles of silver, and
a wedge of gold," and thereby transgressing
the covenant the Lord commanded, that
caused not onlj' his and his family's destruc-
tion, as recorded in the history of the children
of Israel, but thereby also the whole of that
people to be driven back, and to fall before
their enemies; so that their leader, Joshua,
rent his clothes and fell on his face implor-
ingly "before the ark of the Lord until even-
tide, he and the elders of Israel, and put dust
upon their heads."
While the offence or cause may seem small
in proportion to the dire result or punishment,
yet it is good to remember that unconditional
obedience to the voice and will of the Lord is
of paramount obligation ; whether that will
consist in bringing unto Him the tithes of
mint, anise, and cummin, or in the weightier
matters of the law ; whether our sin consist
in committing a trespass in the accursed thing,
as did the son of Zerah, so that wrath fell on
all the congregation of Israel, and that man
perished not alone in his iniquity ; in a word,
whether faithfulness in the dai/ of small things,
or in that of larger things be the Heavenly
requisition or tithe of duty, no progress can
be made in spiritual stature, nor any honor
brought to the treasury of the Holy One, but
through the low portal of obedience to Him
who became the author of eternal salvation
to all them that obey him. The seal of the
covenant of life being cancelled by disobedi-
ence to the law of God inwardly revealed.
The following record, from the life of
Thomas Story, 1698, is corroborative of the
same practical truth. While, is it not to be
feared, that there are too many in this day in
the situation of the dean of Derry ! " Great
was the resort of people of all ranks, qual-
ities and professions, to our meetings, chiefly
on account of William Penn ; who was
ever furnished by the Truth with matter
fully to answer their expectations. Many of
the clergy were there, and the people wit'
one voice, spoke well of what they hearc
Of the clergy, the dean of Derry was one|
who being there several times, was asked b'
his bishop, whether he had heard anythin'
but blasphemy and nonsense ; and whethei
he took off his hat in time of prayer, to joi;
with us? He answered, that he heard n
blasphemy or nonsense, but the everlastin
truth ; and did not only take off his hat i
prayer, but his heart said amen to what hi^
heard. Yet he proved like the stony groan .
and brought forth no fruit. He said, thoug
he could die for the principles of religion th
Quakers professed ; yet to lose his living an
character for S07ne incidents they are tenacini
of, as plain language, plain habits, and othc
distinguishing peculiarities, he did not thin
those of svfficient weight, or reasonable. An
so came no further in the way of Truth, bt
proved unfaithful in the day of small things.
Whether anything after the sin of Achat
already alluded to, is now prevailing in or
midst; whether the "accursed thing" — wha
ever the Lord's controversy is unmistakabl
against — is working weakness and folly in ot
Israel, so that as a Society we cannot as vi
once the case, stand before our enemies
which too is causing sorrow and mournin;
and putting on of sackcloth with some wli
are jealous for the honour of the Great Nam
and His cause, is a C|uestion which shoul
come close home to the heart of each one <
us. It is declared, the Lord " will search Jen
salem with candles" for punishment; " whos
fire is in Zion, and his furnace in Jerusalem,
And we have no doubt that He will sooner c
later institute a search, it may be family b
family, and man by man, all in His own goc
way, after that which now so lets and hindei
progress, as well as dims our brightness as
religious Society. A Society that in the h
ginning was so eminently favored in the rai
ing up of sons for prophets, and young mt
for Nazarites, comparable to fine gold. It
surely no light thing, to turn from the prii
ciples and testimonies solemnly committed I
us to uphold before the world ourselves, c
be the means of inducing others to turn, eithc
in doctrine or in practice, from that, wbic
was so eminentlj' of the Lord, and so influei
tial for good in His hands in the earlj^ da}
of this people I And may all remember thi
it was turning back from the statutes an
ordinances commanded to their fathers, thi
caused Israel to become a reproach and a b_^
word, and an astonishment ; so that in answ(
to the query, " Why hath the Lord done thi ,
unto this land, and unto this house? it sha
be answered. Because they forsook the Lot
God of their fathers, which brought thei
forth out of the land of Egypt, and laid hoi
on other gods, and worshipped them, ar
served them ; therefore hath he brought a
this evil ujion them."
But notwithstanding this Society may 1
shaken and tried to the very foundation b
Him who " hath promised saying, yet om
more I shake not the earth only, but ak'
heaven (that which may seem, in the but pa
tially anointed vision of some, to be stab. •
and true) * * * that those things whic
cannot be shaken may (aloue) remain ;" yet . j
is believed that the Lord God of recompence. \
though of compassion and tender mercies wi,
return unto a remnant who "are afiiictec :
and "in bitterness;" as well as set a mar
upon the foreheads of those " that sigh an
THE FRIEND.
269
]hat cry" saying, "How doth the citj- sit
jolitary that was full of people ;" how has she
'■ecome as a mournful widow, who can see
'Ut little clso in some places than desolation
nd a return by by-ways to Babylon in the
in and bustle, and boast of these imposing,
as\--going times. May these keep inward
111] humble, watchful and prayerful bel'ore
Ik- secret-seeing Holy One ; and though they
aiHiot sing one of the Lord's songs in a strange
.ind— a land of captivity — yet in bis own
[imc, as faith and patience and hope are kept
o, shall nevertheless " have a song as in the
iglit, when a holy solemnity is kept: and
:iailuess of heart" because of '-quiet resting
■ hices," and because of their being brought
ji also out of an horrible pit, out of the mirj"
lay, and the new song put iuto their mouths,
veil praises to His name.
^ Our American Oaks.
\aracteristics of the Different Groups and their
Comparative Value.
BY JOSIAH HOOPES, WEST CHESTER.
In these progressive arboricullural times,
phen almost every agricultural and horticul-
ural periodical in the country is advocating
he ]iopular timber question, it seems incum-
eiu upon us to inquire. What shall we plant
rith a view to profit in the future? Keeping
his specific object prominently before us, we
lay answer truthfully, the one great genus
biive all others in usefulness is that of the
aks. No other in the fiora of the world, per-
ajis, contains so many valuable species in
oint of durabilitj-, hardiness, rapidity of
Towth (for the oaks are rapid growers when
nee fully established), freedom from insects
nd diseases, as well as pecuniary value in the
larket. Another item to bo taken intoac-
ount is their ready propagation from seeds,
bus enabling us to rtproduco them in unlim-
.ted numbers at a comparatively tritiing cost.
The Growing. — The grouping of these trees
3 generally well defined ; so well, indeed, that
,n acquaintance with a single member of most
f the sub-genera, is apt to convey a ver}^
ccurato impression of the character of all
he others belonginir to it. The first of these
3 known as the White Oak grouj), and is
omposed of the well-known and valuable
Vhito Oak (Quercus alba); Post Oak Q. ohtu-
iloba) ; its dwarf southern form (var. parvi-
olia); Burr or Mossy-cup Oak {Q. macrocar-
a) ; its western form (var. olivaform's) ; and
he true Over-cup Oak (Q. lyrata). The
econd is called the Chestnut Oak group, and
a composed of the Swamp White Oak {Q.
icolor) ; Swamp Chestnut Oak (Q. prinus) ;
ts variety, the Eock Chestnut Oak (var.
nonticola) ; another, and well-marked variety,
ihe Yellow Chestnut Oak {var. acuminata) ; a
outhern form var. Michauxii) ; and the Dwarf
Chestnut or Chinquapin Oak (Q. prinoides).
Ve next have what might be termed the Live
*)ak group, although consisting of but one
:rue Southern species and two other well-
lefined dwarf forms. The Live Oak ( Q. vii'ens)
i considered to be the most valuable of the
yhole genus, owing to the indestructibility of
ts timber. The forms alluded to arc the Sea-
ide Oak (var. maritima) and the Tooth-leaved
)ak {var. dentata). All the foregoing are
That is termed annual fruiting species, that
■s, they perfect their acorns during the Au
umn of the first year on the wood of the same
eason. The group which might be termed
the Willow Oaks form the first of the biennial-
fruited section, or those in which the acorns
arrive at perfection during the Autumn of
the second year. This group embraces the
Upland Willow Oak (Q. cineria); its dwarf
form (var. pu7nila) ; the true Willow Oak {Q.
Phellos) ; its two Southern forms (var. lauri-
folia and var. arenaria), the Laurel or Shingle
Oak (Q. imbricaria), a probable hybrid. Lea's
Oak (Q. Leana), and another of the same
character, most likely a sport from the true
Willow Oak, called Bartram's Oak (Q. hclero-
philla. AVe nest arrive at a small grou]i,
having thick, leathery shining leaves, with
from three to five lobes. The first is a true
Southern species, termed the Water Oak (Q.
aquatica); it has also a form with longer leaves
and smaller fruit (var. hybridu), the Black
Jack Oak (Q. nigra) ; also two Western forms
called by Dr. Englemann (var. tridentata and
var. quinqueloha). Lastly, wo have the largest
group of all — the Black and Eed Oaks. Two
species belonging to this are classed by them-
selves, owing to the soft downy character of
the under side of the leaves; these are the
Bear or Scrub Oak (Q. ilicifolia), and the
Spanish Oak (Q. falcata). With smooth
leaves we have the Southern Turkey Oak
[Q. Catesbai), the Scarlet Oak (Q. coccinea) ;
its variety, the well known Black Oak (var.
tinctoria) ; another form, the Cray Oak (var.
ambigiia; the Eed Oak (Q.rubi'a); its west-
ern form with small fruit (var. runcinaia); the
Pin Oak (Q. palustris), and a little shrubby
Southern species, the Georgia Oak (Q. Gcor-
giana), completes the list east of the Missis-
sippi. West of this great division the whole
character of our flora appears to undergo a
complete change, and the species of oak bear
a resemblance to those belonging to foreign
countries.
Useful Species.— First let us consider those
of an undoubted hardiness, such, for example,
as will endure the climate of our Northern
and Western States. Commencing with the
well-known White Oak, it seems almost su-
perfluous to attempt a description, so well is
it known to every one in the country, even
to the school-boy who eagerly gathers its
nuts in lieu of a more palatable fruit. The
timber is of the most durable character, firm
and fine-grained, hence it is largely in demand
for innumerable uses in the mechanic arts, &c.
To the farmer it is invaluable, and enters into
all the routine of his daily duties ; his fencing
material, his implements, his farm buildings,
and indeed almost every article used in his
vocation. In the market, its timber com-
mands a high price, and is always of ready
sale. The bark is also excellent as an astrin-
gent. The Post Oak grows so slowly, and at
best forms only a second class tree, that I am
in doubt about recommending it for cultiva-
tion, and yet its fine, closely-grained, durable
wood is certainly no mean incentive to the
timber-grower, who is looking to the future
for fencing material. It is mostly found on
high dry soils, but like many other species,
will succeed on the opposite extremes, as has
been fully tested. As a general rule, the
dryer the soil the finer grained and more dur-
able we find the wood. The Chestnut Oaks
cannot be recommended as furnishing the
best cjuality of timber, although the Eock
ChestnutOak exceeds them all in this respect,
possibly on account of its higher and dryer
habitat. It is also the best species for fuel.
The form known as the Swamp Chestnut Oak
grows to a large size, and is well worthy of
cultivation. The timber of the Black Oalc,
Scarlet Oak, and true Spanish Oak are neither
of very excellent quality, but the bark of each
is of more or less value for dyes and tanning ;
the latter is said to bo the best of all oaks for
tanning hides. The Pin Oak ranks next to
the White Oak in excellence. It is a rapid
grower, makes a firm wood, which is eagerly
sought alter by mechanics, and thrives satis-
factorily cither on dry or moist lands. The
Gray Oak is a true Northern species, being
frequently found in high latitudes, wliicdi may
add an additional value to it for cultivation.
The wood is reasonably durable, although not
equal to most of the foregoing. ThcShinglo
Oak. as its name implies is used throughout
the West, where it is well known, for sawing
into shingles, although its timber is not of
the best quality. We now reach a species
that is undoubtedly the most valuable of the
genus, but unfortunately it is too tender for
the North and West. \Ve allude to the Live
Oak of the South. The greatest drawback
to its culture is its slowness of growth, hence
the exceeding compactness of its wood. It is
also emphaticallj- a seaside tree, being rarely
found many miles from the coast. Our culti-
vators in the South, where it will succeed,
would bo doing a good work by setting out
young plantations of the Live Oak.
Ornamental Species. — For lawn planting
where sufficient space for perfect develop-
ment, and where the surroundings are exten-
sive enough to warrant the use of our largest
size trees, the oaks are unsurpassed for this
purpose. Nothing can surpass the White
Oak, view it in any light we will, and although
the entire genus are almost uncxcejjtionable
for ornamental ]:)lanting, still this well-known
species must take preference over all others.
The Pin Oak will perhaps come next, having
rapidity of growth, grace of outline, and
beauty of foliage, as leading characteristics.
The foreign writers on horticulture have pro-
nounced this species to be the finest of the
genus, but we prefer the White Oak. The
Scarlet Oak has so many excellencies to re-
commend it that I cannot conceive why it is
not more frequently used. The tree is per-
fection itself, added to which the foliage is
always handsome, whether in the green garb
of Summer or tinted with its scarlet Autum-
nal hue. Its growth is moderately rapid, and
it is well suited for dry locations. The Wil-
low Oak, with its narrow leaves, is at once
curious and attractive. It alwa}"8 forms a
prominent feature in a collection, and maybe
classed as one of the most desirable native
trees for ornament. The Burr Oak is per-
haps more curious than handsome, owing to
the corky bark. It forms a medium-sized
tree, and should be more extensively used.
I have always felt a great partiality to the
Black Jack Oak, rough and rugged-looking
as it is frequentl}- seen its large, wedge-shaped,
shining, dark green leaves contrast well in a
collection. It is a small-sized tree, found
mostly on dry sandy situations. Among the
Chestnut Oaks, I prefer the Yellow Oak, or
as some prefer to call it, the True Chestnut
Oak. Its resemblance to the chestnut tree is
strikingly apparent, in fact to an ordinary
obseryer the two are scarcely distinguishable.
'it also forms a medium sized tree, and looks
well in a group on the lawn. The Eed Oak,
in good soil, grows to a large size, and is one
of our most conspicuous trees during the Au-
270
THE FRIEND.
tnmn months. The deep, almost purplish,
crimson hue, makes an effect that cannot well
be surpassed. It is at all times, however, a
fine tree for ornament, and should receive due
regard from planters. Several other species
might be mentioned, whose claims entitle
them to notice, but the foregoing comprise
the best.
Propagation. — All the species are easily
grown from seeds, provided we give them
sufficient care. Acorns should be gathered as
soon as ripe, which is determined by their
hold on the tree. If readily shaken off, they
must be collected at once, and placed in com-
paratively dry sand ; that is, with a very
slight amount of moisture. They germinate
easier than almost any of our native trees,
and especially in some instances where I have
noticed them sprouting while attached to the
limb of the parent tree. When the latter is
the case they must be cautiously dried some-
what before placing in sand. It does not
matter about the end of the young root being
shriveled or decayed, as the fibers will start
out fresh from the base of the seed leaves all
right. In the Spring prepare level beds, saj'
about four feet wide, and after sowing the
seed thinly over the surface, cover slightl}'
with sand, when a few warm days will bring
the young plants through. They should be
left in these beds for two years, keeping them
meanwhile scrupulously clean. The first year
they make but little top, but plenty of roots,
and afterward the top grows rapidly. The
rare forms not propagated from seed may be
grown by means of grafting, as the oak is not
difficult to work. Side-grafting is preferred
close to the ground and then the soil drawn
up and pressed tightly around the whole,
allowing only the top bud of the graft to be
uncovered. In some of the European collec-
tions every specimen has been so grown, and
they have proved eminently satisfactorj'.
For "The Friend."
Perseverance.
The following, from Thomas i\ Kempis, is
not only excellent advice in itself; but also
shows that he was a believer in the inward
teachings of the Divine Light, which "William
Penn considered to be the distinguishing doc-
trine of Friends. He died, A. D. 1471, about
200 years before the rise of our Society.
" A certain person deeply perplexed about
the state of his soul, and continually fluctua-
ting between hope and fear, came one day to
a church, overwhelmed with grief; and pros-
trating himself before the altar, repeatedly
uttered this wish in his heart: ' O that I cer-
tainly knew I should be able to persevere !'
Immediately the Divine voice speaking with-
in him, answered thus: 'And what wouldst
thou do, if this certain knowledge was be-
stowed upon thee ? Do now that which thou
wouldst then do, and rest secure of thy per-
severance.' Comforted and established by this
answer, ho resigned himself to the Divine dis-
posal, and his perplexity and distress were
soon removed. Instead of indulging anxious
inquiries into the future condition of his soul,
he applied himself wholly to know what was
the good and acceptable, ivill of God, as the only
principle and perfection of every good work.
'Trust in the Lord, and do good,' saith the
royal prophet; 'So shaft thou dwell in the
land, and be fed with the riches of Ilis
Grace.' " — John Payne's Translation of Thomas
d, Kempis, Book 1st, Chap. 25.
For "The Friend."
John Heald.
fContinned from page 262.)
"3d mo. 14th, 1819. First of the week.
The snow drifted terribly. The meeting [near
Albanj'] less on this account. I sat under
some exercise for a considerable time. So,
after humbly abiding under it, I believed the
time [to speak] came. I said : A passage or
two among the sayings of the Apostle have
revived with renewed instruction, that the
Apostle had written to them before, in both
of which said he, I stir up the pure mind by
way of remembrance ; not saying, I do the
work for you, but, stir up to the remembrance.
The Apostle Paul saith. Examine yourselves,
try yourselves, prove yourselves, know ye not
your ownselves, &c. Here was the stirring
up the mind to attention, and here is the great
purpose of gospel ministry. What does it
avail, if it do not stir up the mind, if it does
not induce to an examination ? If such an
examination is entered into, what situation
can we place ourselves in more suitable than
silence? When we consider that we place
ourselves before Him, who sees us as we are,
how solemn ! How suitable is silently ap-
proaching Him, and examining how near we
have come to parting with those things that
we know to be wrong, how near we have
come to giving up our own wills I When we
see our own insufficiency and inability, and
are humbled down into a supplicating condi-
tion, true prayer is breathed forth, either
secretly or vocally."
19th. John Heald mentions that a man
was to be executed that day at Schoharie for
murder, and expresses his sense of the awful-
ness of thus sending a fellow-creature to his
final reckoning, whether prepared or unpre-
pared.
"About two o'clock, the meeting at Pitts-
town gathered. A large number not of our
Society came. I was in much poverty, and
endeavored to reconcile my mind to pass the
meeting in silence, believing I ought to be
silent, where no way opened to communicate,
and not force myself to make an offering.
Many grew restless, and some went out. This
was very trj-ing to endure, the people being
very earnest to hear testimony, but I could
do nothing of myself I felt very poor, but a
sentiment revived with clearness, which was.
He that reapeth receiveth wages, and gather-
eth fruit to everlasting life. I stated it, and
said it must be labor that was acceptable for
which we would receive wages and gather
fruit unto eternal life. To me it appeared,
that as well might we say the branch could
bear fruit of itself without abiding in the vine,
as that we could labor in our own wills and
get wages so as to gather fruit to eternal life.
I was enlarged much, and I believe that not-
withstanding the unsettledness and great stu-.
pidity or deadness, it became a profitable
meeting, and I thankful for it.
21st. We attended the meeting at Troy.
I felt poor and in need of what I think was
represented by the children of Israel gather-
ing manna. 'That was to nourish the outward
body, I wanted an inward supply of susten-
ance, and thought for sometime that such a
labor would be enough for me. But after-
wards this was first to be expressed, and I
then told them this would be good employ for
some of them — to labor for the bread which
perisheth not.
26th. Chatham Monthly Meeting was open. I
ed, and several of the Quarterly Meeting
committee attended. I had some close r^
marks to make, and a testimony to bear, ej
couraging those who were in limited circunj
stances not to neglect attending to their [r^
ligious] duty for the sake of increasing the
property ; and those who were wealthy, not t
neglect their duty [in order] to save more t
add to their possessions; but recommemle
both to be faithful in the little. I endeavore
to arouse to faithfulness those who live loos
from the ties of religion, who do cot justif
themselves in their conduct, yet by selectin
certain parts of the conduct of professors c
religion, which they think exceptionable, tr;
to satisfy themselves that their own conduc
will do, and so keep at a distance and le
others manage that concern, while they amus
themselves with trifling delights.
30th. At Charles Hoag's. To-day is a yea
since I left home, or saw any of my familj
The meeting small and dull. Blessed are th
poor in spirit, I mentioned first, but there i
a poorness does not come under this descrip
tion, and that is indifference and lukewarm
ness. This state is not the one the blessinj
descends to; it is offensive to our Heavenb
Father, and unprofitable to those who settL
down in ease and indifference. It was trying
labor, but it ended to my peace.
4th mo. 2nd. The meeting [near the resi
dence of Stephen E. Smith] was large. As
sat under exercise, faithfulness in little thing
presented to my view. I entered humbly int
the concern to encourage to faithfulness ii
the little. I showed that by attending in hu
mility to the little and not exceeding, the re
ward is peace ; and here the prediction of th(
prophet is verified, The work of righteousnes;
shall bo peace, and the effect, quietness an(
assurance; and the testimony of the Aposth
Peter, I perceive of a truth that God is no re
specter of persons, but they that work right
eousness are accepted of Him. The testimoaj
began with little, and enlarged greatly, an«
0 how the precious feelings were extended
and the sweet ownings of peace were felt t(
flow with joyful sensations, and the powei
extolled that would effect the work, if obe
dience was faithfully attended to in litth
things."
4th mo. 4th. At Nine Partners, John Healc
stated that the Society of Friends had dis
pensed with the use of water baptism, botl
dipping and sprinkling, believing, that it ii
not the putting away the filth of the flesh
but the answer of a good conscience towarc
God, that is necessary to be known and ex
perienced ; and havelaid aside theeating breac
and drinking wine as religious observances
these being outward and reaching only to tht
body, and not essential to salvation. Yet h(
believed that to sit idly in silence in time ol
religious worship, was no better than anj
other form ; if we allow the mind to be en-
gaged in the amusements and gratificatiouE
of the world, it is time misapplied, it is pre-
tending to do a thing and not doing it.
After visiting a few other meetings in the"
State of New York, as the time for holding the
Yearly Meeting in Philadelphia approached,
he felt drawn to bo present on that occasion.
Of the incidents that occurred there, he has
given no particulars, but mentions that Divine
favor was experienced, order and condescen-
sion observed, and that it ended well.
Soon after this, he felt at liberty to turn hia
face homeward, and after attending a few
THE FRIEND.
271
meetings on his way, reached his own habita-,tho whirlwind, when the blast of the terrible
tion on the 22d of 5th mo., after an absence one shall beat against the wall."
fi3f about fourteen months, and a journej^ of
),5G0 miles,
He remained but a short time at home, be-
1 fore he was again drawn forth to visit the
*i'amilics of New Garden Monthlj- Meeting,
" 3hio, about 160 in number, and afterwards
1 ihose of Salena, in the same vieinitj'. Here
1* le paid about 130 visits. He also, with the
ff joncurreace of his Monthly Meeting, held
several public meetings in Western Pennsj'l-
7ania, among those who were not members
Hi )f his own Society. Of these difierent cngage-
'( nents, ho remarks, '' The account given is
inhort, but much exercise was passed through
1! 0 accomplish the labor."
•-♦
For "Tbo Friend."
Sermon.— By Stephen Greilet.
^ We know not through what channel the
, ollowing manuscript has been handed down.
'^iut there is no doubt of its authenticity and
•eneral correctness. It has been in the hands
'Ifth
e compiler at least a score and a half of
ears. It is of stirring import. The follow-
( ag introduction and date accompany it:
' "At Burlington Meeting, 8th mo. 5th, 1829,
^ he subjoined testimony, in effect, was borne
'^ y Stephen Greilet : —
He arose with saying, he was afraid to
^ peak, and dare not, lor his peace, keep
' ilence ; that his feelings had been so pecu-
&r and so awiul, he scarcely knew how
'' 0 convey them. He had remembered that
"t was while men slept that the enemy
owed tares : and while we have been sleep-
' 3g tares have been sown. He then proceed
d to say, that he thought he had seen the
* pproach of a da}" of darkness and gloominess,
1 f treading down and dismay; a day wherein
" be Lord's depending children will be closely
" runed and sifted : adding, we have had some
" eavy trials,* but let not any suppose that
tie bitterness of death is past. 1 believe a
J ay of greater trial will come than any we have
^ xperienced ; but whether it will be suddenly,
' r whether a few days' space may intervene,
'' I not for me to say; — the offence cometh —
I nd though I do not wish exclusively to im-
" licate the present company, I believe some
'ill witness it.
I am afraid to speak, and afraid to hold my
eace ! The weight of suffering will be
eavy on the heads of some ! My feelings
affle description ! O, the distress, the an-
uish, the bitterness that must attend those
iroiigh whom the offence cometh! — through
hom the storm will descend ! But there
still an ark to which the faithful may
jpair ; though these will be deeply proved,
ithatfeiv may stand in the day of storm and
mpest. Yet if there is a very close watch-
ilness unto prayer, and a single eye kept to
le Holy Head, those who are endeavoring
follow the Lord Jesus in the path where
ruth will lead them, will realize the bless
igs and promises contained in the 91st
Balm, which has been brought to mj* re-
.embrance. He recommended the exercised
id tribulated seed to read that Psalm ; say-
g, he believed if they continued faithful,
ley would be enabled, like blessed Noah, to
Je to the safe refuge, to enter the ark of j)re-
iivation, and safely to ride the tempest and
As an instance of the increasing value of
walnut lumber, the Indianapolis Journal notes
that the standing walnut trees on a half sec-
tion of land on Eel liivor, in Miami county,
Ind., were recently sold to a lumber dealer lor
817,000. There is a large amount of other
timber on the tract which is not included,
onl}^ the walnut timber being sold. Walnut
lumber is coming more and more into use
throughout this country and Europe, and at
present a very large business is done in jire-
paring and shipping it from Indiana. The
trees are disappearing rapidly, and no effort
is made to renew the growth, which might
be done with little trouble. — Late Paper.
THE FRIEND.
FOUBTH MONTH 11. 1874.
In the " Private Memoirs of B. and E.
Seebohm," edited by their Sons, we find the
following, on page 196, London Edition. It
is by B. Seebohm :
"20th of 3d month, 1817. The tendency
of the elaborate document, produced and
adopted by the Philadelphia Meeting for
Sufferings, seems to bo, to claim a kind of
infallibility on behalf of our earh^ Friends,
and especially Barclay, not only as it regards
the objective doctrines taught, but also as it
relates to their subjective mode of viewing,
enforcing and defending them ; descending to
minute details as to the interpretation of par-
ticular texts of Scripture; which falls little
short of absolute Popery. Whenever such
views prevail, the very essence of genuine
(Quakerism is gone, Christ is virtually de-
throned ; and whether it be Fox, Barclay,
Penn, or the whole host of those truly hon-
orable men, worthy of double honor, that are
set up as standards, He does not reign in
the unlimited power of His own Spirit, and
the sum and substance of George Fox's
preaching, '' Let nothing come between your
souls and God but Christ," is sacrificed in the
unwise attempt to set up instead, the words
and definitions of fallible man.
Any one acquainted with "An Appeal for
the Ancient Doctrinesof the KeligiousSociety
of Friends," the "elaborate document" alluded
to in the above extract, must, we think, see
that it is either altogether misunderstood
or greatly misrepresented by B. Seebohm.
There is no claim in it, nor any tendency to
claim "a kind of infallibility on behalf of our
early Friends." Having been the instruments,
in the Divine hand, to gather the Society of
Friends, embracing and promulgating certain
doctrines, their writings are referred to as the
proper exponents of what those doctrines are.
The object in view, was not to prove those
Friends and their recorded faith true : that
was not a mooted point on the part of the
Meeting for Sufferings. That bodj-, in com-
mon with Philadelphia Yearly Meeting, was
fully satisfied that the doctrines promulgated,
not only by the early Friends, but by the
Society from their day, is the truth as it is in
Jesus. Though convinced that those spiritu-
from them, but they declared that their doc-
trinal expositions, which the Society had en-
dorsed and published again and again, were
and still remain to bo the Standards of " gen-
uine Quakerism," and those who deny them,
and adopt other doctrines, have deserted the
faith of Friends. This is neither dethroning
Christ, nor putting something beside Him
between the soul arjd God.
Knowing that the Society bad a fixed,
clearly defined and well- understood doctrinal
belief, consistent with the truth as revealed
in the Holy Scriptures, and that sentiments
contrary to and subversive of that belief,
"circulated iu writings put forth by mem-
bers," were producing disunity and division
among the members, an ap]>eai was made for
the ancient doctrines, and to show the difference
between the two, it was necessary to take
extracts from the published expositions of
both.
The motives and objects of the "Philadelphia
Meeting for Sufferings," is thus set forth by
that body, " Under a religious concern for
the restoration of that precious unity which
once characterized us [the Society], and in
discharge of what we apprehend to be a duty
devolving upon us, we have believed it right
to point out some passages in the writings
alUuled to, which do not convey the views of
Friends ; in order that our members may be
on their guard against adopting forms of ex-
pression, and modes of defining and explain-
ing doctrines, which differ from the simple
and scriptural methods used bj- the Society.
By the trequent repetition of such opinions
and modes of expression, the mind may be
gradually led to look upon the differences we
have referred to, as matters of little moment;
and thus by degrees, imperceptible perhaps
to its clouded vi>ion, the way may bo pre-
pared for a departure from a full belief and
acknowledgmentof the truth, as it is in Jesus,
and as it has always been held by our religious
Societ}'."
Tho present state of the Society, is an un-
answerable testimony to the correctness of
the apprehension expressed in the last para-
graph.
Let us now see how far B. Seebohm is him-
self clear of the charges he jjrefers against
tho "Philadelphia Meeting for Sufferings,"
when he is speaking of the works of one who
had said, that his (Quakerism was not that of
Barclay, Penn and Penington. On page
192, same volume, we find, " 16th of 2d mo.,
1847, tho account of the death of a true
Christian, and, I believe, a sound Quaker, in
our dear and valued friend, J. J. Gurney, is
now confirmed. Though here it is dangerous
even to mention his name, lest thereby we in-
crease prejudice, his record is on high : he is
amongst the blessed, that have died in the
Lord, who rest from their labors, and whose
works do follow them. His, I fully believe,
will be appreciated and valued in the future,
far bej'ond what they have been in his life-
time; tho insignificant blemishes or defects
will not be suffered to tarnisb the beauty and
strength of the substantial whole ; honest Qua-
kers of succeeding generations loill appeal, and
will be thankful that they can appeal, to his
works as evidence of the Christianity of Quaker-
ism, as well as the Quakerism of Christianity.
It would bo folly to look for perfection in any
ally taught and deeply experienced servants
of Christ, had his mind in the doctrines they 'man, or to expect to find a faultless writer
•Alluding, no doubt, to the close searchinga of heart, 'set forth, they set them not up as ;)o;jes to bind anywhere. AVould that all who live and
e conflicts and separations of 1827— then just past. |the consciences of any who choose to differ write were equally unblemished in their
272
THE FRIEND.
lives; equally free from inconsistencies and
dereliction of the truth, in their writings."
The italicising is our own. If, as B. See-
bohm here asserts, "honest Quakers of suc-
ceeding generations will be thankful that they
can appeal to the works of J. J. Guruey for
"evidence of the Christianity of Quakerism
and the Quakerism of Christianity," why
should he charge Philadelphia Meeting for
Sufferings, and iadeed Philadelphia Yearly
Meeting, with "virtuallj^ dethroning Christ,"
and sacrificing the doctrine of George Fox,
'Let nothing come between your souls and
God, but Christ,' because they appealed to the
works of the founders of the Society, to show
what "genuine Quakerism" is, and to the
works of J. J. Gurney and Dr. Ash to show,
that in many places they contain sentiments
adverse to it? If it were true, that it "falls
little short of popery" to quote from the works
of Fox, Barclay, Penn and their coadjutors, in
order to exhibit the doctrines the}^ promul-
gated ; which the Society they gathered, fully
and ojienlj' acknowledged ; would it be any
less near to poj)ery to appeal to the works of
that one man, as " evidence of the Christian-
ity of Quakerism, and the (Quakerism of Chris-
tianity?" should " succeding generations of
honest Quakers," become so perverted as, in
good faith, to have adopted his errors as
Quakerism? But thus it has ever been, when
the Society has had to contend for its doctrines
and testimonies: those who have deserted
them, have striven to afSx the charge of
wrong-doing on those who maintain and de-
fend them; sometimes, we doubt not, uncon-
scious of the injustice of their course.
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
Foreign. — A Calcutta dispatch of the -1th inst. says
Keports from tlie famine-stricUen districts show con
tinned improvement in the general situation. The
authorities are now in a condition to liope that the diffi
culties are over, except in the northwestern portion of
Tirhoot, where over tive hundred thousand persons are
yet dependent upon the government for food.
The spring crop has yielded well except in Tirhoot.
The reports from the north of Spain, received from
Carlist sources, represent that the attempt of the govern-
ment forces to raise the siege of Bilboa has failed. The
London Times says, it has authentic advices from the
scene of war to 4th mo. 1st, whicli show that the Ke-
publican troops had taken no jiosition since 3d mo. 25th
A three days armistice, in which Bilboa was not in
eluded, had been agreed upon for the burial of the
dead, and meantime the bombardment of the city con
tinued.
A Bayonne dispatch of the 4th says : Active opera-
tions before Bilboa were resumed by the Republican
forces on the previous day. Serrano is reorganizing
his forces, and the Carlists are doing all they can to
strengthen their positions. Tlie Carlists have surprised
and captured six hundred Republicans, near Calaf,
forty-five miles from Barcelona.
a' Madrid dispatch of the 3d states, that 410 Carlist
oflicers and men had deserted General Sante's com
mand, and come into the Republican lines.
A dispatcli from Melbourn says; Henri Rochefort
and his companions refuse to disclose how they suc-
ceeded in getting aboard the vessel which brought them
from New Caledonia, for fear of implicating friend
The party have, it is stated, left Melbourn for Cal
fornia.
Advices from Cape Coast Castle, to 3d mo. 12th, have
reached London. The embassy from the King of Ash-
antee, numbering with its escort 2.50 men, had arrived.
It is reported that they refused to discontinue human
sacrifices, but paid the amount of indemnity.
The London Times acknowledges the existence of a
financial panic in London, and attributes it to the efTect
of those with wliich New York and Vienna iiave been
visited, combined with the depressing influence of the
famine in India. It says the check to trade is probably
as severe as in any former instance.
Later dispatches from Hong Kong in relation to the
loss of the steamship iS'il, while on a voyage from that
port to Yokohama, say that eighty persons were
drowned.
It is stated that the population of India since it came
under British rule, has increased from 138,000,000 to
206,000,000. The English language is making rapid
progress, and it is anticipated that eventually it will be
spoken throughout that vast empire.
San Domingo advices to tlie 30th ult. state, that the
British Consul-General at Port au Prince, had been
on a tour of observation to Samana Bay, and had after-
wards visited Santa Domingo with propositions from
the Haytien government for a treaty between the two
republics. Among the conditions of the proposed treaty,
it is said, were the cession to Haytiof the disputed ter-
ritory on the frontiers, and the annulment of the
Samana Bay Convention made with citizens of the U.
States. President Gonzales subsequently issued a de-
cree annulling the contract with the Samana Bay Com-
pany, giving as a reason that the annuity due by the
company on the first of the year had not been paid, and
he directs that a commission proceed to Samana at once
to take possession of the district and restore therein the
overnment and laws of the republic before the con-
tract was made. The Samana Bay Company protest
igainst this summary act as arbitrary and illegal, and
leiuand an arbitration upon the matters in dispute, ac-
cording to the terms of the convention.
The Cuban insurgents hold their ground obstinately,
and appear to be as strong now as they were a year
since. General Concha, who has been appointed Gov-
ernor General of Cuba and the other Spanish W. India
islands, landed at Havana on the 6th inst. and assumed
the duties of his command.
LTnited States. — On the first inst. the Public Debt,
less cash in the Treasury, amounted to $2,1.52,690,738,
having been reduced §2,189,338 during the Third
month. The portion of debt on which no interest is
paid reaches $519,944,498. The amount of 6 per cent,
bonds is $1,214,633,150, and of 5 per cents $509,243,
450.
The interments in Philadelphia last week numbered
342, including 70 deaths of consumption, 32 inflamma-
tion of the lungs, and 8 congestion of the lungs.
The mean temperature of the Third month, by thi
Pennsylvania Hospital record, was 41.27 deg., th(
highest during the month 66 deg., and the lowest 20
deg. The amount of rain 1.59 inches. In the first three
months of 1874 the rainfall has been 8.62 inches, against
13.88 inches in the corresponding months of 1873. The
average of the mean temperature of the Third month
for the past So years is stated to be 39.16 deg., the
highest mean during that entire period, 48.70 deg., oc-
curred in 1871, the lowest, 30 deg., was in 1843.
There were 510 interments in New York last week.
In the State of Michigan there were 3,300 miles of
completed railroad at the commencement of the year.
The roads are valued at $115,000,000. Their gross
earnings in 1873 were about $32,000,000.
According to the revenue returns, the production of
distilled spirituous liquors in 1873 amounted to 68,-
236,567 gallons, in the production of which 19,216,045
bushels of corn, rye and wheat were consumed.
The debt of New York city at the beginning of this
year is stated to liave been $106,431,924.
It is probable that New Mexico will soon be admitted
as a State, the House Committee on Territories having
agreed to recommend the pa.ssage of a bill for that
object.
The United States Senate, by a vote of 29 to 24, has
passed a currency bill which fixes the amount of U. S.
notes at $400,000,000, and provides for an additional
national bank circulation to the extent of $40,000,000.
At the election in Connecticut on the 6th inst., the
Democrats elected their candidate for Governor of the
State, together with large m.ijorities in both branches
of the Legislature. This result insures the choice of a
Democratic U. States Senator.
The Massachusetts legislature had not, up to the 6t-h
inst., been able to elect a Senator. The votes con-
tinued divided nearly as when the balloting com-
menced.
The Markets, &c. — The following were the quotations
in the 6th inst. New York. — American gold, 113-!.
U. S. sixes, 1881, Reg. 1195; Coupons 121; ditt8
1867, 1191 a 120 ; 5 per cents, 114| a 115. Superfine
flour, $5.90 a $6.35 ; State extra, 3r6.40 a $6.70; finer
brands, $7 a $10.75. No. 2 Cliicago spring wheat,
$153 a $1.55; No. 1 Milwaukie spring, $1.63; white
State, $1.75. Oats, 60 a 65 cts. Peima. rye, $1.03.
Western mixed corn, 86 a 89 cts. ; southern yellow, 89
aOOct.s. ; white, 90 a 93 cts. Philadelphia.'— V^hm^U
and New Orleans cotton, 17 a 17J cts. Superfine flour,
$5.50 a $5.75; extras, $0 a $6.50; finer brands, $7 a
$10.50. Western red wheat, $1.50 a $1.65 ; Penna.
red, S1.6S a 81.72; amber, 81.72 a $1.76 ; white, $1.8
Rye, 97 a 98 cts. Yellow corn, 82 a 83 cts. Oats, 6C
65 cts. Lard, 9| a 10 cts. Clover seed, 8J a 10 c
Sales of 2300 beef cattle at 1\ a 7| cts. per lb. gro,
for extra, ; 6.^ a 7 cts. for fair to good, and i\ a 6 ci:
for common. Wooled sheep sold at 6J a 8J cts. perl-
gross, and clipped at 5J a 6 cts. Corn fed hogs, 8J
8J cts. per lb. net. Chicago. — No. 1 spring whea
$1.27i ; No. 2 do., $1.26^ ; No. 3 do., Sl.lSi. Cor;
61 o cts. No. 2 oats, 43 cts. No. 2 spring barley, Sl.'|
a$'l.55. Lard, $9.45 per 100 lbs. St. Louis.— No.
spring wheat, ^1.23i; No. 2 winter red, $1.47. No. |
mixed corn, 63 cts. Oats, 49 cts. Cincinnati. — Famil
flour, S6.60 a $6.85. Wheat, $1.35 a *1.3S. Corn, fl
a 67 cts. Oats, 50 a 57 cts. Rye, $1.05. Baltimore.-*
Superfine flour, f4.75aS5; extra, $6 a $6.50; fins
brands, $7 a $10.50. White corn, 84 a So cts. ; yello\
80 a 82 cts. Oats, 61 a 66 cts.
The Committee of the Yearly Meeting to visit tb
Subordinate Meetings, will meet on the 17th inst. i
the Committee-room, Arch St., at 4 o'clock p. m.
Five dollars received from a " Friend," to be appr
priated as most needed for the Freedraen.
Richard Cadbury, Treasurer.
FEEEDMEN'S MEETING.
The Eleventh Annual Meeting of " Friends' Associ,
tion of Philadelphia and its vicinity for the relief i
Colored Freedmen," will be held in Arch Street Mee'
ing-house, on Second-day evening, 20tli inst., at ',
o'clock.
All Friends interested are Invited to attend.
John B. Garrett,
Philada., 4th mo., 1S74. Secretary.
INDIAN AID AS.SOCIATION.
The Annual Meeting of the Indian .\id Associatic
of Friends of Philadelphia Yearly Meeting, will I
held in Arch Street Meeting-house, on Fifth-day, 4l
mo. 23d, 1874, at 7.} o'clock p. M.
Friends generally are invited to attend.
Richard Cadbury, Clerk.
FRIENDS' ASY'LUM FOR THE INSANE.
Near Frankford, {Twenty-third Ward,) Philadelphia.
Physician and Superintendent — Joshua H. Wortj
INQTOS', M. D.
Applications for tlie Admission of Patients may 1
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Board
Managers.
Died, on the 4th of Third month, 1874, after a she'
illness, Rachel S. Craft, wife of Isaac Craft, in th
66th year of her age. a member of Frankford Monthi;
Meeting, Philadelphia. She was the daughter of Naths
and Anna Vail, formerly of Plainfield, N. J. The r
ligious and judicious care of her rightly exercise
parents, was ble.ssed to her, and from early life she w;
strictly conscientious and truthful — loving what w
good, and repudiating insincerity and vice in ever
form. She was marked for a sweet and happy dispos
tion, and possessed of a vigorous and well cultivate
mind. Being a full believer in the doctrines and test'
monies of the Christian religion as held by the Societ
of Friends, her daily walk was consistent therewitf
For more than nine years she had charge of Friend
Asylum for the Insane, near Frankford, as Matron, I
which service she felt closely bound ; and being we
fitted for the position, she f.iithfully applied the talem'
intrusted to her. She was ju-orapt in her judgment ti
to her proper course in sudden emergencies, and h(i
.sympathy with tlie inmates prompted her to a cheerfi
and untiring discharge of her duties araong.st then,
Here, in the midst of her responsibility and u.sefulnes'
she Was cut down. During her illness of less than for'
days, her physical suffering was great, but the care (
the immortal part having been previously attended ti
her condition was not aggravated by mental orspiritui
conflict. Towards the clo.se it was diflicult for her t
converse ; but she was understood to say that she "bi
lieved there was a place of rest prepared for her 0
high," and we reverently trust that she has entered int
the enjoyment of it.
, on the 22d of Third month, 1874, at her lal
residence, near Montrose, Susquehanna Co., Pa., SarAI
M. W.\BKr.R, in the 75tli year of her age, an esteeme
member of the Monthly Meeting of Friends of Phili
delphia for the Western District. '
"" WILLIAM H.' PI LE,' 'PRiNTEK. "
No. 422 Walnut Street.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. XLVII.
SEVKNTII-DAY, FOURTH MONTH 18, 1874.
NO. 35.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
rice Two Dollars per annum, if paid in advance. Two
dollars and fifty cents, if not paid in advance.
£abacrtptiODB itud Pttyments recoivod by
JOHN S. STOKES,
IT NO. 116 NORTU FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS,
PHILADELPHIA.
,33tage, when paid quarterly in advance, five cents.
' Vfsuvins.
When this celebrated volcano was in erup-
ion in 1868, Maiy Soniorville, then 88 years
f age, was residing in Naples. She observes:
We were mucii interested in Vesuvius, which,
, )r several months was in a state of great ae-
ivity. At first, there were only volumes of
moke and some small streams of lava, but
bese were followed hy the most magnitieent
rojections of red hot stones and rocks rising
000 feet above the top of the mountain,
lany fell back again into the crater, but a
irge portion were thrown in fiery showers
own lue sides of the cone. At length these
eautiful eruptions of Z"/p«7/j coased^and the
iva flowed more abundantly, though, being
iterraittent and always from the summit, it
.•as quite harmless; volumes of smoke and
1 apor rose from the i-rater, and were carried
y the wind to a great distance. In sunshine
le contrast was beautiful, between the jet-
lack smoke and the silvery-whiti> clouds of
i apor. At length the mountain returned to
pparent tranquillit}', though the violent de-
jtiations occasionally gave warning that the
^Im might not last long. At last, one even-
ig, in November, 1868, when one of my
; aughtersand I were observing the mountain
arough a very good telescope, lent us by a
•lend, we distincti}- saw a new crater burst
ut at the foot of the cone in the Atrio del
avallo, and bursts of red-hot lapilli and red
noke poured forth in volumes. Early next
lorning we saw a great stream of lava pour-
ig down to the north of the OI)servatory,
D J a column of black smoke issuing from the
ew craters, because there were two, and as-
iming the well known appearance of a pine
■ee. 'I'he trees on the northern edge of the
.va were already on fire. The stream of
.va very soon reached the plain, where it
Terwhelmed fields, vineyards and houses.
. was more than a mile in width, and thirty
«t deep. My daughters went up the motin-
iiin the evening after the new craters were
) 'rmed ; as for me I could not risk the fatigue
:' such an excursion, but I saw it admirably
cm our own windows.
During this year the volcanic forces in the
iterior of the earth were in unusual activitj-,
■r a series of earthquakes shook the west
)ast of South America for more than 2,500
miles, by which many thousands of the in-
habitants perished, and manj- more wei'e
rendered homeless. Slight shocks were felt
in many ])arts of Europe, and even in Eng-
land. Vesuvius was our safet3'-valve. Tbo
pressure must have been very great which
<iliened two new craters in the Atrio del Ca-
vallo and forced out such a mass of matter.
There is no evidence that water had been con-
cerned in the late erujjtion of Vesuvius; but
during the whole of the preceding autumn
the fall of rain had been unusually great and
continuous. There were frequent thunder-
storms; and on one occasion, the quantity of
rain that fell was so great, as to cause a land-
slip in Pizzifalcoiie, b^' which several houses
were overwhelmed; and on another occasion,
the torrent of rain was so violent that the
Hiviera di Chiaja was covered to the depth of
half a metre with mud and stones brought
down b}' the water from the heights above.
This enormous quantity of water pouring on
theslopesofVesuvius, and percolating through
the crust of the earth into the fiery' caverns,
where volcanic forces are generated, being
resolved into steam, and possibly aided by the
expansion of volcanic gases, may have been a
partial agent in propelling the formidable
stream of lava which has caused such destruc-
tion. We observed that when lava abounded,
the projection of rocks and lapilli either ceased
altogether or became of small amount. The
whole eruption ended in a shower of impalpa-
ble ashes, which hid the mountain for many
days, and which were carried to a great dis-
tance by the wind. Sometimes the ashes
were pure white, giving the mountain the ap-
pearance of being covered with snow. Vapor
continued to rise from Vesuvius in beautiful
silvery clouds, which, when it ceased, left the
edge of the crater white with sublimations."
In 1871, when Mary Somerville was 91
years old, she witnessed another eruption
which she thus describes: " Earlj' in the
morning I was disturbed by what 1 thought
loud thunder, and when my maid came at 7
A. M., I remarked that there was a thunder
storm, but she said 'No, no; it is the moun-
tain roaring.' It must have been very loud
for me to hear, considering my deafness, and
the distance Vesuvius is from Naples, yet it
was nothing compared to the noise later in
the day, and for manj' days after. My daugh-
ter, who had gone to Santa Lucia to see the
eruption better, soon came to fetch me, and
we passed the whole day at windows in our
hotel at Santa Lucia, immediately opposite
the mountain. Vesuvius was now in the
fiercest eruption, such as has not occurred in
the memory of this generation, lava overflow-
ing the principal crater and running in all
directions. The fiery^ glow of luva is not veiy
visible by daylight; smoke and steam is sent
off which rises white as snow, or rather as
frosted silver, and the mouth of the great
crater was white with the lava pouring over
it. New craters had burst out the preceding
night, at the very lime I was admiring the
beauty of the eru|)tiiin, little dreaming that,
of man}- jieople who had gone up that night
to the Atrio del (."avallo to see the lava (as
my daughters had done repeatedly, and especi-
ally during the great eruption of 18li8,) somo
forty or fifty had been on the very spot where
the new crater burst out, and perished, scorch-
ed to death by the fiery vapors which eddied
from the fearful chasm. Some were rescued
who had been less near to the chasm, but of
the.se none eventually recovered.
Behind the cone rose an immense column
of dense black smoke to more than four times
the height of the mountain, and spread out at
the summit horizoutall}', like a pine tree,
above the silveiy stream which ])oured forth
in volumes. There were constant bursts of
fiery projottiles, shooting to an immense
height into the black column of smoke and
tinging it with a lurid red color. The fearful
roarintc and ihunderiutj never ceased for one
moment, and the house shook with the con-
cussion of the air. One stream of lava flowed
towards Torre del Greco, but happdj^ stopped
before it reached the cultivated fields ; others,
and the most dangerous ones, since some of
them came from the new craters, poured
down the Atrio del Cavallo, and di\iding be-
fore reaching the Observatory, flowed to the
right and to the left — the stream which flowed
to the north very soon reached the plain, and
before night came had partially' destroyed the
small town of Massa di Somma. One of the
peculiarities of this eruption was the great
fluidity of the lava; another was the never
ceasing thunileriug of the mountain. * * *
On April 28lli 1 was surprised at the extreme
darkness, and on looking out of the window
saw men walking with umbrellas; Vesuvius
was emitting such an enormous quantity of
ashes, or rather fine black sand, that neither
land, sea, nor sky was visible ; the fall was a
little less dense during the day, but at night
it was worse than ever. Strangers seemed to
be more alarmed at this than at the eruption,
and certainly the constant loud roaring of the
volcano was appalling enough amid the dark-
ness and glow of the falling ashes. The
railroad was crowded with both natives
and foreigners, escaping; on the other hand
crowds came from IJome to see the eruption.
We were not at all afraid, for we considered
that the danger was past when so great an
eruption had acted as a kind of safety-valve
to the pent up vapors. But a report got about
that an earthquake was to take place, and
many persons passed the night in driving or
walking about the town, avoiding narrow
streets. The mountain was quite veilc<l for
some days by vapor and ashes, but I could see
the black smoke and silvery mass above it.
While looking at this a magnificent column,
black as jet, darted with inconceivable vio-
lence and velocity to an immense height ; it
gave a grand idea of the power that was still
in action in the fiery caverns below.
274
THE FRIEND.
Immense injury has been lioue by this erup-
tion, and much more would liave been done
had not the lava flowed to a ^reat extent over
that of 1868. Still the streams ran through
Massa di Somma, San Sebastiano, and other
villages scattered about the country, over-
whelming fields, woods, vineyards and houses.
The ashes, too, have not only destroj-ed this
years' crops, but killed both vines and fruit
trees, so that altogether it has been most dis-
astrous. Vesuvius was involved in vapor and
ashes till I'ar on in Mny, and one afternoon at
sunset, when all below was in shade, and only
a few silvery threads of »te;im were visible, a
column of the most beautiful crimson color
I'Ose from the crater, and floated in the air."
For " The Friend."
Memoirs and Letters of Sarah Ilillmaii.
OJoutinued trum paj^e 200.)
To Martha Wistar.
"Philadelphia, 2il rao. 11th, 1840.
My Dear Fi-ien<l, — Thou hast been so much
the companion of my mind for days past, ac-
companied with solicitude on account of the
indisposition of thy dear C. \V., to whom m3-
sjiirit is united in the fellowship of suffering,
tliat I am iinluced, poor as I am, to attempt
some little communication. Wlien I >nw thee
last thou may remember there was some
trouble in the camp, which with others of
more recent date, known to the full only to
Him, who seeth things invisible, have preyed
upon ray mind, until the body ])artaking there-
of, both seemed ready to fad ; but, through the
renewed extension of everlasting mercy, my
heart is afresh animated a little to believe,
that He who called me in very early life, and
enamored my soul as with one chain of his
neck, will never leave his little ones that trust
in Him ; but will yet prove himself to be their
lluck and everlasting foundation ; their Pro-
phet, Priest, and King, who sitteth upon the
flood of trouble, and reigneth King forever;
while of the increase of whose government
and peace, there shall never be an end. Yea,
Ho will give them to understand that he has
now come in Spirit, and they will be able from
living experience, with the apostles of old, to
testify at seasons, when his living virtue is
felt renewing our poor spirits, that He hath
given us an understanding that we may know
him that is true ; and that we are in him that
is true, even his dear Son. Ah! this is the
true God ; and in this knowledge is eternal
life. My precious friends, such have been the
trials I have been wading under, and so few
are they to whoni I dare unbosom any, that
I have longed that it might be put into thy
heart, dear M., to move thy pen for rny
bi-neflt; while at the same time 1 was sensi-
ble thou must have a flowing cup. Well it is
an infinite mercy to be instructed to look to the
Fountain of all sure help and consolation ; and
enabled to believe He doeth all things well;
that the descendings are as necessary for our
advancement in righteousness, as those more
desirable dispensations, in which the turnings
of the Divine Hand are more easily discover-
ed. I have been ready to crave for myself,
that my heavenly Father might please to cut
short the work in righteousness, and take me
to himself: lest through mo might come some
shade or blemish upon the precious cause of
Truth. Nevertheless, it seems to bo my busi-
ness to leave all, as to mysi'lf, in his hands
whoso we are, and whom 1 think I can say I
desire to serve in the Gospel of his dear Son,
in all things. That my dear 0. \V. is favored
with the best of strength, and enabled to take
'hold at seasons of the gracious invitation,
i'Call upon me in the day of trouble,' &c., I
j doubt not; while the secret aspiration of my
[soul is, 'The Lord hear thee in the day of
trouble, send thee help from bis sanctuary, and
strengthen thee out of Ziou,' &c., &c. Ah 1
then, whatever may be the permitted or al-
lotted trials of our day, let us keep our eye
fixed upon the Captain of our salvation, and
commit our cause unto Him. He can make
his little ones as David ; ilo can, as in a mo-
ment, cause light to break forth out of ob-
seurit3' ; can clothe with the garments of sal-
vation ; and pour out upon us of the spirit of
prayer and praise, to his everlastingly worthy
Name.
i wrote this at the time of your Quarterly
Meeting; and queried in my mind. Art thpu
able to leave dear C? Do let me know soon
how you are, body and spirit? how Friends
in that part of the vineyard fare ? Dear J. G
will, 1 suppose, be at meeting. He ministers
with acceptance to the true Israel of God I
believe, and 1 know not that any are offended
at him. But it seems to me there is no door
open for some of us. They will not hear;
and yet there are seasons when, whether they
will hear or forbear, we are constrained to
speak the words of truth and soberness. Oh !
do pray for me that my faith may not fail in
this perilous time. I remember at seasons
with some consolation, how marvellously In-
finite kindness and mercy wi'ought for the
Jews, his peculiar people, when Haman de-
signed their overthrow ; and am persuaded to
believe, that in His own time and way, He will
effect his own blessed work and purpose uj>on
His people. Yes, I believe he has not yet
given us over to death ; but the yearnings of
uis bowels are still towards us; and when He
has siftetl as from sieve to sieve, then will He
bring his suppliants from the east and from
the West, from the north, and from the south,
and his glorious, holy Name, will be exalted
in and amongst this poor people; so that 'from
the rising of the sun to the going down of the
same, his Name shall be praised !'
In that love which I trust flows from the
Father of Mercies, and unites us together in
the unchangeable truth, I salute thee, with
thj' beloved C. W., as companions in tribula-
tion, and remain as ever thine,
S. HiLLMAN.
Dear mother's love awaits your acceptance,
with that of my dear sisters."
To William Scattergood.
" Philadelphia, 3J mo. 19th, 1840.
Dear Friend and Brother: — Thy tender re-
membrancer was received duly and caused a
feeling of thankfulness to arise in my heart,
in which the living children of our Heavenlj^
Father do participate with each other, in suf-
fering or in rejoicing, and are enabled to bear,
according to their dirt'erent degrees of experi-
ence, one another's burdens, and so fulfil the
law of Chi'ist. Ah 1 the burdens of this day
are neither few nor light ; and were it not that
in unutterable mercy, the Divine arm is made
bare from season to season for the help of the
poor, feeble, trembling disciples, as in former
times, some there are, such as thy little sister,
had fainted ere this day. Yea, we had fainted,
unless we had believed to see the goodnessf
the Lord in the land of the living. But t;
truth of the testimony is sealed in the expe
enceof the true Israel of God, that no ' weap
that is formed against them shall prosper, ai
every tongue that shall rise against them
judgment shall be condemned.' This is st
the heritage of the servants of the Lord, I
cause their righteousness is of Him. \V1
then should we fear; why should we base
cast awaj' the shield of faith as though it hi
not been anointed with oil ? Let us sink dei
in the spirit of our minds to the Divine gif'
not looking so much at the diflSculties th
cross our path, as at the glorious end of o
faith, the prize to be won, the crown in stor
then shall we know indeed, the power of i
endless life; yea feel that the name of tl
Lord is a strong tower, and with the ri<;l
eous, run into it and find safety, when ;
around us speaks trouble. Notwiihstaudii
it is a day of treading down and of perplexit
a day in which many of the standard beare ,
have fainted, and the trees of the Lord's fore'
seem few, so that a little child may wri ,
them ; and a day it is very evident where
His command concerning Amalek has n
been fulfilled, but instead thereof Agag, tl .
very king seems to rule at seasons as on h
throne, I nevertheless cannot but believe v
shall live to see a brighter day, wherein £.
who sitteth in the Heavens will arise in tl '
might of His own power, and set His poor:,
safety from him that pufteth at him; yej
turn again our-captivity as the streams in tb
south. For the Lord hath founded Zion, anlj
the poor of His people shall trust in it; the:
shall thi.s song be sung again, 'We have
strong city, salvation hath God appointed ft'
walls and bulwarks; open ye the gates thfi
the righteous nation which keepeth the Trut
may enter in.' Ah! then under all thy di
couragements, and secluded as thou art
mercy in the back side of the desert, keep fa!
bold of thy covenant, and of the preciof
shield of faith, and thou wilt be kept in pe
feet peace. Thy poor correspondent seen
set as a mark for the arrows; nevertheless
murmur not. I know whom I have believei
and to His praise be it spoken, thus far 11
has helped me : covered my head in the da
of battle, and strengthened me with might b
His spirit, so that the adversary has uc
gained the aseendenc}'. To His holy cai
and keeping, I desire to commend thee wit
my own soul, and remain thy aftectionati
sympathizing friend in gospel bonds,
Sarah Hillman."
CTo be continued.)
* Jacob Green, from Ireland.
Yokohama and the Japanese. |.
The streets of Y^okohama are wide an'
straight. Each house is built of wood, witl
out an atom of paint, and is a real toy-housi
a Lilipulian Swiss chalet, built with a tast(
a nicety, and a neatness which are admirabli
The Japanese are wonderful workers in wooc
and it is a pleasure to see the roofs, so ligh
and yet so strong, supported by walls whic
are made like the side-scenes in a theatre, o
thin strips of wood, over which are pastes
sheets of a cottony, transparent paper. I
the evenings, when the lanterns dispense thai
soft light round the insideof these white build
ings, the spectator seems to be looking at
magic-lantern. During the daytime the side
of the house are slipped out, as side-scene
^re, an4 the house becomes only a roof rest
THE FRIEND.
275
in; on the four light corner-posts; the whole
;iUriiir being thus opened to the uir. Ever}-
lart of theliouse is exposed to view, and
\crylhing done in it can be seen, while be-
lind it a]ipear the charming verdure, the cas-
;ade*, and the diminutive jjlantations of the
ittlc gtirdens situated in the rear.
became animated, the Japanese said, 'Let us
put off this niaiter for another da}' ; we can-
not treat with tlioso who are not masters of
themselves.' " — Lippincotfs Magazine.
Friend."
in my
The great luxury of the Japanese consists
t their mats made of jilaited straw. They
ire perfectly rectangular in shape, about three
, nches thick, and soft to the touch. They
ire never stejiped on with shoes, since the
iapanese go about their houses always bare-
outed. Of furniture they have next to noth-
iig; a small furnace in one corner, a closet
u.iiie of side-scenes like the sides of the house,
md intended tocontain the mattresses, a small
;et of shelves, on which are arranged the lac-
piered plates for rice and tish — this is all the
urnishirig for these houses, in which they
ive, as it were, in the open air. In the mid-
He of each house are two articles of general
ise among all classes — the "chitat" and the
' tobacco-bon," that is, a brazier and the box
or tobacco. Being great tea-drinkers, great
imiikers and great'talkers, the Japanese pass
,heir days around the brazier ; there they can
)e seen, in groups of seven or eight, seated on
:heir heels around the tea-kettle.
In every shop our travellers visited they
were received with a distinction and polite-
. ness which surpassed even the proverbial
'manners of their native country. In walking
through the city they passed through the
street of baths. In Japan, where every one
lives as it were in ]iublic, the costume of our
first parents in no way shocks the sentiments
of the people, who in this matter may be con-
sidered as still in the golden age. This street
18 filled with bathhouses, to which the popula-
'tion resort, many of them twice or thrice a
^day. Here all sexes, ages and conditions
'mingle, fifty or sixty at a time, in each bath-
' house. The passer-by sees them crouched
down or dancing on an inclined plane, sur-
rounded bj- p\ramids of small tubs made of
'copper and filled with hot water. Here they
sprinkle and soap each other. Attraeted by
the sight of the travellers, they come to ask
"the noble strangers" politely f'or a cigarette.
A woman s 'Her of dry goods invited the
party to enter her shop and seat themselves
upon the mats. This was for her a great
honor, and as the partj- entered she saluted
them by bowing until her forehead touched
the floor, then offering them tea in small cups,
she brought out tobacco for their pipes, and
presented lighted coals held between two
chopsticks. " I cannot hope," writes the count,
"to express to you all the elegance of this
woman of the people in her slightest move-
ments ; her features expressed the most simple
womanly affability as her habitual condition.
Well, in" whatever house you may enter, j'ou
■will be treated with the same distinction, we
were almost stupefied to find it, and confessed
that this people can rightly call us barbarians.
I have not seen a single fight or dispute in the
streets; all the men, in saluting eath other
with profound bows, wear a smile upOn their
lips ; and when we desire to appear amiable,
we arc awkward and ill-bred, in comparison
with these Japanese, who are gracious with-
out thinking of being so. Among them a man
who gives way to his anger, or shows it in
his tone or words, is avoided by his kind as
unfit for society. Thus, when at first our
For "Thi
The following lines were placed
hands a short time since by a valued member
of Society, and in offering them for publi
cation in ''The Friend," it is not my wish
to hold out discouraging views, by [iresent-
ing a contrast of the life and spiritual vigor
of days gone bj-, with the present low state
of the church »s applied to our beloved
Societ.y ; but rather to bring into view how
liberally the gifts of the Spirit are poured
forth into the hearts of all, wlio nothing doubt-
ing, cheerfully submit themselves to be led
thereby, and into whatever work ma}' be as
signed them ; whether in the field of active
labor, or in the more retired path of an in-
ward, silent walk, speaking the Truth by a
life of humility and faithfulness. Some of
the passages are copied from the writings of
one whose laboi's were eminently owned by
the Lord. As a goodly tree bringeth forth
her fruit in due season, so did the life of this
remarkable man and steward in the house-
hold of faith, yield a double portion of the
fruits of willing obedience; that \Vm. Penn
thought it but just to speak of him as the
"great and blessed apostle of his day."
" At an early day after the rise of the re-
lio-ious Society of Friends, we are informed
that a large number felt themselves con-
strained to declare the truth, as G-'orge Fox
expresses it; or. in other words, they were
called by their Divine Master to proclaim his
gospel to the peo])le; and under the constrain
mg influence of His love, to travel extensively;
visiting many parts of Great Britain and
places beyond, spreading, by their ministry, a
knowledge of the ever blessed Truth. The
number so called, as early as the year 1(154,
was about sixty Friends. John Richardson
who may be said to belong to the next genera
tion after George Fox and his fellow-laborers.
love the Lord and his jiure and blessed Tiuth,
and desire the good and prosperity of Zion.
Mark the prophetic language, 'Strangers
shall stand and feed your flocks, and the sons
of the alien shall be your i)lowmen and your
vinedressers; but ye shall be named the
priests of the Lord; men shall call you the
ministers of our God ;' and in another place,
' 1 have set watchmen upon tli\- walls, O Jeru-
salem, which shall never hold their peace day
nor night ; ye that make meniion of the Lord,
keep n.'t silence, and give Ilim no rest, till Ho
establish and make Jerusalem a jiraise in the
earth.'
About the year 1050, George Fox wrote
the following: 'The Lord is king over all the
ciU-th ; Iherelore, all peojile, praise and glorily
}-our king in true obedience, in ujjrightness,
and in the beauty of holiness. O! consider,
in true obedience, the Lord is known, and an
understanding Irom Him is received. Mark,
and consider in silence, in lowliness of mind,
and thou wilt hear the Lord speak unto theo,
in thy mind. His voice is sweet and pleasant;
his sheep hear his voice, and they will not
hearken to another. When they hear his
voice, they rejnici' and are obedient ; they also
sing for joy. O! their hearts are filled with
eve'i'lasti'ng triumph ! They sing, and praise
the cterna"! God in Zion ; their joy, man shall
never take Iroiu them. Glory to the Lord
God for evermore.'
Again, in the year 1057, in one of his epis-
tles, we find the following: 'And Friends,
quench not the Spirit, nor despise prophesy-
ings. where it moves; neither hinder the babes
froni crying Ilosanna! lor out of their mouths
will God ordain strength. There were some
in Christ's day that were against such, whom^
he reproved; and there were some in Moses'
day who would have slopi)ed the prophets in
the camp, whom Moses repi'oved, and said, by
way of encouragement to them, ' would God,
that all the Lord's people were pro])hets!' So
I say now to you. Therefore ye that stop it
in yourselves, do not quench it in others,
neither in babe nor suckling ; for the Lord
informs us in h'?s Journal, that the number ot| hears the cries of the needy, and the sighs
public Friends in Bridlington Monthly Meet-
ing, to which he belonged, was so consider-
able, that Bridlington was called a school of
prophets.
John Griffith, in his Journal, tells us, that
about the year 1734, there were one hundred
came forth in public testimony in Philada.
Yearly Meeting; and it is stated, th;it about
seventy years ago there were sixteen ministers
belonging to the Northern District Monthly
Meeting'of this city. It is certainly deserving
of serious consideration in this our day, what
can be the cause of the waste and dryness,
and disinclination to serve the Lord. We can
not believe that his gifts have been repented
of, or if they have been withdrawn, it must
be on account of our unfaithfulness, and be-
cause we are preferring our own business and
the cares of this life to His work and service
Our blessed Saviour declared, ' That the cares
of this world, and the deceitfulness of riches
and groans of the poor. Judge not that, nor
the sighs and groans of the Spirit, which can-
not be uttered, least ye judge prayer; for
prayer as well lies in sighs and groans as
otherwise. Let not the sons and daughters,
nor the hand-maidens be stopped in their pro-
phesyings, nor the young men in their visions,
nor the old men in their dreams ; but let the
Lord be glorified in and through all, who is
over all, God blessed forever. So every one
may improve his talents, every one exercise
his gifts, and every one speak as the Spirit
gives him utterance. Thus every one may
minister as he has received grace, as a good
steward to Him that hath given it him; so
that all plants may bud, and bring forth fruit
to the glory of God : ' for the manifestation of
the Spirit is given to every one to profit
withal.' See that every one hath profited in
heavenly things; male and female, looh into
your own vineyards, and see the fruits ye bear
and the lust of other things, choke the good, to God; look into your own hearts, and seii how
seed of the heavenly kingdom, and it becomes' they are decked and trimmed ; see what odors,
unfruitful.' Hence is it not clear that it is myrrh, and frankincense ye have therein, and
man's own fault, and not through any want' what a smell and .savor ye have to ascend to
in Almio-hty power and goodness, that fruit God that he may be -'--'="■' "
is not brought forth to His praise, and to the
riorified.
comfort and edification of his church and
people. Surely we may well consider and lay
P. B,
nnnt tor society, anus, wuen au uii^l v^^i .^^^,..v. _,..._, ii„ i;i,„ mon hn sirontr
plenipotentiaries in the diplomatic conferences these things seriously to heart, if we do really like men, be strong.
Watch ye, stand fast in the faith, quit you
THE FRIEND.
Aq Expected Exodus. land two millions more in reserve. Besides,
A statement has been iroiug the rounds of they could not quit Kiissia without permission
the newspapers to the effect that u com mu- of the Government, and it is this difficulty
nity of religionists, numbering between 40,000 which accounts for the fact of so few Eussians
and 50,000 persons, intend to emigrate to this being found among our population.
continent in a bod}', from Southern Russia.
It is said that they have applied to our Gov-
ernment and to that of Great Britain for in-
forms tion as to the terms on which they can
obtain land, and whether either Government
will advance them luonej'to pay their travel-
ling expenses; also, whether they can have
The religionists above mentioned are usu-
ally called "Mennonites," after their famous
preacher, Menno Simon, who collected their
scattered and divided communities in the
Netherlands and on the coasts of Germany,
after their dispersion at Munster and Leyden,
and for twenty five years acted as their pastor
try and management, said to him, " I supjio
thou art growing rich, Abel." "No!" sa
the old Friend seriously, '• I have been nii
cifuUy blessed with manj' losses."
exemption, for themselves and their descend- [until his death, in 15C1. %heu' proper title,
ants, from military service of every kind. It
is because the Russian Government has re-
cently decreed that the entire mule ]>opulatiou
of the Empire, between certain ages, shall be
however, is " Anabaptists," which was the
name they adopted, in order to denote their
hostility to infant baptism. It is doubtful
whether the sect arose in Switzerland or in
liable to bear arms in case of war, that these German j-. Mosheim gives the following sum
people propose to leave their homes for a dis- 1 mary of their tenets: "That the Church of
tant land. Their case, like their history, is a Christ ought to be exempt from all sin ; that
hard one, and this recent edict of the Czar is, all things ought to be in common among the
as regards them, a violation of the solemn pro
mise of the Empress Catharine II., who in-
vited them into her dominions to escape the
military conscription with which they were
threatened in Prussia, she guaranteed them
protection, freedom of worship, and 190 acres
of land to each family, exemption from all
taxes and imposts for ten years, money for
their journej-, and money and wood where-
faithful ; that all usury, tithes and tribute
ought to be entirely abolished ; that the bap-
tism of infants was an invention of the devil ;
thatevery Christian wasinvestcd withapower
of preaching the gospel, and, consequently,
that the Church stood in no need of ministers
or pastors ; that in the kingdom of Christ civil
magistrates were absolute]}' useless, and that
God still continued to reveal His will to chosen
with to establish themselves, freedom of trade persons by dreams and visions." They also
and manufactures, theadministration of oaths|treated the plan of reformation proposed by
in their own way, and exemption forever from iLutheras beneath the sublimity of their views,
military service. They gratefully accepted
this wise and beneficent offer, rejected everj'
inducement held out Ijy the Prussian Govern-
ment to retain them in Prussia, and settled on
the northern shore of the sea of Azof, in the
neighborhood of the locality where has since
arisen the modern seaport town of Berdiansk,
which owes its existence and its prosperitj-
mainly to them.
As they are distinguished for their moral
worth, thrift, industry and intelligence, thej-
would be cordially welcomed as settlers in
any part of the United States ; but as regards
exemption from military service, the spirit of
our laws since the conscriptions during the
rebellion has not granted this to any one on
account of religious scruples. There are mil-
lions of acres in the West waiting for occu-
pants, who could be accommodated with all
they need, and under the homestead laws,
without cost. The only serious consideration
is their request for raonej' to accomplish their
transit from Russia to their new homes. It
would cost, at the lowest calculation for tra-
velling expenses and food 1150 to convej' each
individual from Berdiansk to Chicago, a dis-
tance of nearly 7000 miles; and this sum mul-
tiplied by say 40,000, would be $6,000,000. It
has not been the custom heretofore to pay
anything out of the United States Treasury
to induce immigration, and such a course could
not in this case be regarded as judicious. In-
dividual States, however, or even associations
of people, anxious to increase the population
of any section, might offer any inducement
they chose to got so thrifty a class, and this
would generally be regarded as commendable.
It is by no means certain, however, that these
people will be allowed to leave Russia. The
present Emperor is too humane and enlight-
ened a man to drive peaceable and profitable
subjects out of his realm for such a trifling
consideration as the loss, or possible loss, of
the military services of two or three thousand
men, when he already has a million under arms
and it is needless to add that they offended
both Lutherans and Catholics by their doc-
trines, and drew down upon themselves the
vengeanceof theeivil magistrates, whom they
declared to be unnecessary. They fell into
lamentable excesses, and created the greatest
confusion by their licentiousness and pi'ofan-
ity. under the leadership of Miinzer and Bock-
holz (better remembered as John of Leyden.)
They were crushed by military force with
merciless severity, and scattered over Ger-
many and the Netherlands in small bands,
after the capture of their stronghold, Munster,
in 1536. But this terrible punishment puri-
fied them of their licentiousness, and modified
their tenets ; and when Menno, a man of pro-
bity and meekness, resigned his rank and
office in the Catholic Church, and publicly
embraced their communion, they willinglj-
accepted him as their leader. He reunited
their congregations, reformed some of their
tenets, and rejected those which justified poly-
gamy and divorce. In short, he converted
them into an orderly, virtuous and industri-
ous community, who were thenceforth per-
mitted to live in peace in Holland and Prussia
for two hundred and fifty years, and would,
perhaps, have remained there to this da}', but
ibr the tyranny of the Prussian Government,
which, in 17S9, compelled them to serve in
the army, and forbade their purchasing landed
property, whereupon they migrated to Russia.
Selected.
It does not always happen that the indus-
trious accumulate much of this world's riches;
sometimes their Heavenly Father sees the
need of crosses even in temporals, and ad-
ministers to them losses of various kinds. But
the Lord's dedicated children can often per-
ceive his hand in these dispensations, and
being therewith content, still find godliness
great gain. Our aged friend, Abel Thomas,
was a man active and prudent in his woildly
business. A Friend who admired his indus-
Maria Eilgeworth and Mary SoviprvUh — ]
S. in her " Recollections" says : " Maria ¥j\'j.
worth came frequently to see us when she w:
in England. She was one of my most ini
mate friends, warm-hearted and kind.acharr
ing companion, with all the liveliness au
originality of an Irish-woman. For seventee
years 1 was in constant correspondence wit
her. The cleverness and animation, as we
as affection of her letters I cannot express
certainly women are superior to men in lette'
writing."
Mary Somerville's daughter gives the fo
lowing extriict from a letter from Maria Edgi
worth to a friend, concerning her mother:
" Beechwood Park, January 17th, 1822.
We have spent two days pleasantly hei
with Dr. WoUasion, our ever dear friend Mn
Marcot, and the Somervilles. Mrs. Somci
ville is the lady who, Laplace says, is th
only woman who undei-siands his worki ■
She draws beautifully, and while her head i
among the stars her feet are firm upon th
earth.
Mrs. Somerville is little, slightly made, fail
ish hair, pink color, small, grey, round, inte
ligent smilingeyes, very pleasing countenane(
remarkably soft voice, strong, but well-bre
Scotch accent; timid, not disqualifyingly limit
but naturally modest, yet with a degree c
self-possession through it which prevents he
being the least awkward, and gives her al
the advantage of her understanding, at th'
same time that it adds a prepossessing charn
to her manner, and takes off all dread of he
superior scientific learning."
Selected f-r "Tbe FrieDil."
On Leaving our Reiiginns Soelety.
I believe with some confidence, that 6)(f/e!(
of those who leave our religious Society, trul}
thrive in a spiritual sense: not that I confino
true religion to our own profession by anj '
means ; but that I believe there is that grace :
and truth to be met with, in a diligent and.
patient waitingfortheteachingsof the heaven
ly Guide, which they who leave us are in grrm
iiieatiure unacquainted ivith, or do not much re-
gard or value. This I have found to be thei
case, even with some of the few who profess
to leave us on conscientious grounds. ButO!
if all left us only for something, which afler
solemn inquiry, they believed to be nearer the
Truth, how few should we have to lament the!
loss of. I am very earnestly desirous for our
dear young Friends, that they may come up,i
in the strength and power of the living Tprinciple
of grace and truth, to the help of the great
cause ; that they might in some measure make
up for the flagrant deficiency of standard-
bearers apparent among us; even by such a
steady, firm, consistent life and conversation,
— by such an abiding in the blessed life and
power and strength of the gospel, as is now too
rarely to be discovered amongst us. — From a
Letter of John Barclay's.
Kot many lives, but onl.v one, have we —
Frail, fleeting man !
How sacred should that one life ever be —
That narrow span !
Day after day till'd up witli blessed toil,
Hour after liour stili bringing in new spoil !
II. Bonar.
THE FRIEND.
2<
For '* The Friend."
Jobn Ilcahl.
(Coutinned from 'Rjrf- 271.1
In a leltcr written to his friend Benjamin
[ite, in the Third month of 1S20, Joiin lleald
Jhuies to his previous labors in Iravolling as
, ministei-, and refers to the danger there is,
rhen quietlj- resting at home, of sliding awaj-
rem that state of watehfulness in which pre-
.rvation is experienced. The letter, some-
.hat condensed, is as follows:
" FnirtieUl, Cohimbiana Co., Ohio,
(ilh luo. lOlh, 1820.
/ iirnte this in the ord month last, but failed of opporlu-
iiii III scii-d it.)
Jlv esteemed friend, Benjamin Kite"; — I
i ave latelj' been reflecting on some of the vari-
as changes of my life, and among these the
itlerence in my employ through the cold
eason of this w"inter, and la-t. Then I was
.imost every day performing something ; and
rhen one thing or service was accomplished,
'could pass on to engage in another, whether
n tempest or calm, "in rain or snow, seldom
lelaying on account of the varied changes of
he weather : but so far of the present, I en-
oy a tolerably tranquil mind at home. Sel-
lom away exposed to the inclemencies of the
eason. But not less danger awaits me while
n this retired retreat, though not so much
•ixposed to the cold of winter; the various
.rials that daily transpire, and which occur
rrquently, are attended with more or less
!"isk of ad^iiilting into practice some improper
ictioD, which might leave compunction on
ho mind, and uneasiness not readily to be
•elieved. When I have passed the interme-
l^iate days between meetings, and have taken
I scat in one, feeling very poor and destitute
)f L;ood, I have been induced to examine all
ht^occiirrences that I have been occupied in,
\n(l the time has frequently seemed long since
I had been a partaker of that which renewed
my strength and confidence. Thus conflicts
;uld besetments are attendant on me : but
how animating to be permitted again to feel
the enlivening spring of undissembling love,
—how cordial ! — what other choice delight is
equal to it ? The thought has past my mind,
that if any were to be removed out of time,
whilst feeling the Divine love shed abroad in
the heart, before an act had past for which
remorse was felt, there is no ground on which
to found a doubt of such entering into the
happy abodes ; how needful is it, that we be
very circumspect, lest having been favored at
one time to partake of the good Word of Life,
•we should comeshort and notfeel our strength
frequently renewed. To deal with a slack
hand in a matter so interesting and important
to ourselves, how dangerous. But if after
beinf' favored the mind becomes easy, uncon-
cerned, like him who dealeth with a slack hand
and becomes poor, how probable is it, that
: when affliction of body comes, a time of dis-i
tress of mind will follow; and though the!
bodily pain may be great, the uneasiness of
the mind may give more suffering; a release
from such a situation may require great re-
duction to humble the mind into contrition.
Thy letter of 2d of Tenth month last I re-
ceived ; and for anything I now remember, it
came in due course. That beloved Friend,
Hannah Fisher [then recently deceased], 1
remember, though my acquaintance with her
was small, or at'leasl made chiefly in a short
time; I accord with thee in giving her a place
among the first raidc in your city, and I think
in an}- part of the world also that 1 know.
Hannah Walton, I do not recollect, though
thou hast characterized her as a minister at
Fallowtield, but it occasions mo to think there
may be many more where I have been a
stranger, that I am ignorant of also. Thou
nast added: 'So the standard bearers in our
Israel, are drojiping off one after another;'
and I maj' also add, and so it is like to be.
Thou and I must go: and sometimes I have
thought, thus it is'likely soon to be with me,
wiieii some of those who knew me may say
to others. Have yiu heard that he has finish-
ed his course in this world? It may be re-
plied, no ! when did it happen ? and these may
have very little sense of what I have ^u(Veil■a,
or what I at that time may be a partaking ot.
Thou added, in the language of intercession,
may the great Qualifier of his people raise up
those who may be able to go in and out be-
fore the Host acceptably. I do believe this
to bo a correct desire, and I do as fully be
lievc, that the great Qualifier of his people
will raise up and qualify, and is raising up
and qualifying many more to stand in digni-
fied places — is calling upon young men and
young women to obey his requirings, and if
"the visited among these prove but faithful to
him, the excellence and dignity of these will
not only equal those of our time, but I be-
lieve exceed."
In the latter part of this letter, John Heald
refers to the discijiline adopted by Ohio Yearly
Meeting, making it a disownable ofifenco, to
become a member of a secret organization,
like that of the Freemasons; and gives rea-
sons, which, in his judgment, justify this pro
vision of the di.scipline. Among other things,
he appeals to the test of experience, which
has shown that as persons become trulj' reli-
gious, they feel it their duty to withdraw
from these associations.
AVe resume the extracts from the journal of
our friend :
"I left home the 20th of the 6th mo., 1820,
to attend to a concern that I had felt, to make a
visit to most of the meetings within our Yearly
Meeting, and as way opened, to have meet-
infs in other places. I parted with mj' fam-
ilj?with feeling desires for their preservation
and welfare, but no vocal expression of that
desire.
22d. Had an appointed mooting of Friends
and others near Thos. Eotch's, in which I
had some close labor, endeavoring to remove
some false dependences, as on imputed righte-
ousness without a change of heart, without
beinij regenerated and born again.
7th mo. 20th. "We attended Sugar-Grove
Meeting, under the shade of the trees. 1
thought a considerable solemnity attended
I the sUent part of the meeting. At length I
felt the waj' open to communication, and be-
Sgan in the little ability, and conveyed some
sentiments to the tender-hearted visited ones;
but soon I was turned to a very hardened
state, and hard to be operated on. Though I
labored until I was weary and spent, it seemed
to me that but little was gained. A good de-
gree of solemnity prevailed, yet I believe but
Tittle entrance was obtained, and feeling my
service in testimony through, I sat down, but
soon felt my mind bowed in supplication, to
I which 1 submitted, though much spent, and
kneeling down, interceded not only for the
'humble, seeking souls, but for the careless,
'disobedient, hardened ones, that they might
become tender and softened into a compliance
with duty.
21st. Attended Spring Meeting, which was
large. I felt for such as sometimes como to
our meetings. Wo are man}- times so desti-
tute of the enjoyment of good, and so po<-r.
Can we expect that [these visitors] will fare
better than we do. "u'hen our unfaithfulness
is the cause of our povorl}-, and they como
and partake with us, I feel for and pity them.
I laid the matter very close, and it was a very
humbling, tendering, favored time, in the
course of w-hich the youth were warned of
the consequences of unfaithfulness, — of the
danger and loss to themselves, and of the dis-
advantage also that it might bo to others.
Oll> iTio. I'-t. Wo ont /-.nt in VVAolfiol.) To
this place notice had been sent, but no care
seemed to have been taken, only a few had
heard that we were coming. My feelings
were much tried from a sense of the neglect.
To me it was a poor, low time, as to the life
of religion. I felt unable to describe my feel-
ings either in the meeting, or now while I
make this note. 1 am now advanced in life.
It is dilficult for me to travel in this new-
country. 1 had a desire to see as many of
the neighbors as could well collect together,
and novv 1 expect never to have the opportu-
nity. I have no way to relieve my mind.
Notice has gone on to Elk for to-morrow.
We must go, but I cannot clear. 1 have en-
deavored to do according to ability, but as I
write, my heart is sorrowful.
13th. 'The day after Miami (,>uarterly Meet-
ing, I had to mention that it was comely to
be'^qniet and still in meetings ; that the con-
trary was a mark of bad manners, and that
good brooding and politeness would teach
better manners, and so would genuine religion.
I have been exceedingly tried in this journey.
One person has got ui)and setoff, and another
followed, and another, till four or five have
gone out, and sometimes more, and after a
time return ; and others going and returning
almost continually. It appears to me, the
greatest want of good manners that I have
witnessed in all my travels, is in the parts
I have lately been in.
(To be continued.)
Selected for "The Fricntl."
Extracts from Letters of James Emien.
" l-ith mo.-J2a., lSf,4.
The decease of , will be a solemn event
in the family, and wo all desire it may bo
turned to their profit, and have the etfect de-
signed. We jnostly find trouble makes us
either better or worse, according as wo aro
exercised by it— according as our minds aro
turned to the Lord, desiring that our afflic-
tions may be sanctified to us, and the end and
design realized.
That we should often feel poor and stripped
and sometimes oppressed, aro events common
to all, oven the best; and it is, no doubt, by
a faithful and patient endurance of such dis-
pensations, that we can adopt the language of
(ieorgo Fox: 'We are nothing, Christ is all.'
Oh I that we may all become more and more
familiar with this experience, ' We are noth-
ing, Christ is all,'— this will teach us to bo
paTient in tribulation, hoping to the end for
the grace that shall bo revealed at His com-
iniT."
" I can say from my heart, I have a very-
friendly foeliiii;, for a brief and lively minis-
try ; and in this view of the subject, no one
278
THE FRIEND.
has any occasion to plead their lack of elo-
quence and their stammering tongue, for it
is not so much the words, how good or how
many, but, how lively, — feeding the hungry,
with the true bread, and not with pictures
and descriptions and dry doctrines; nay, is it
not true, that even 'a word fitly spoken is
like apples of gold, in pictures of silver.' I
have not any doubt, but the time will come,
when a few words, with a right authoritj' and
weight, will be more valued, than much elo-
quence without this. The rehearsal of a text,
with right authority, may have the effect to
gather an assembly unto Christ, the invisible
Teacher, and to settle them upon Him and upon
ifiS teachings, which is allany minister should
desire. So that the callinc. if ri,<rhtly nnrliM-.
stood, is a verj"- simple one, if we are only
careful to suppress every desire, either to ex-
ceed or fall short, of what is given us in the
life."
For "The Friend."
The following was found, among the papers
of Mary Passmore, an elder and member of
Goshen Monthly Meeting, who deceased in
the Fifth month, 1873.
"Some expressions of Sarah Emlen's in the
last Yearly Meeting before her death, 4th mo.
17th, 1849.
"In a very solepm manner, she said: 'I
believe I must deliver what appears a little
message given me for the prisoners of hope :
some of the little humble ones now present.
It seems to me the door has been opened, and
I have been permitted to sit with them a little
in their prison houses. Have long patience
my sisters. The Lord of Hosts is purifj'ing
his people. Earnestly do I crave, that I may
be one with you, in patiently waiting all
the Lord's appointed time, that the church
may be thoroughl}^ purified ; for the King's
daughter is all glorious within, her clothing
is of wrought gold, and pure gold, my friends,
we know cannot sustain any loss by the fire.
And some of the obscure ones, I believe, as
they abide in the patience, will be brought to
show themselves to the people — will become
as the golden pipes, which were to convoy
the golden oil in the sanctuary, that the har-
mony and unity of the spirit in the bond of
peace would once more prevail. It is mj-
firm conviction, that nothing would be per-
mitted to hurt or destroj' in all the Lord's
holy mountain.
"Accept this exhortation of love, from one
who feels herself standing upon the very brink
of an awful eternity. 1 leave it as a little
legacy of love, to you.'
"Sixth-day afternoon, near the close, she
said : ' And now that we are about to sepa-
rate, each one to our own, I have earnestly
coveted for us all, that the good seed that has
been sown in every heart,, may be quickened,
and this praj^er raised in each of our hearts —
Have mercy upon us, (Jh, Lord! have mercy
upon us, lest we should have sorrow upon
sorrow.' "
Ancient Mines. — Recent discoveries upon
Isle Royal, Michigan, an island in Lake Su-
perior, show that an ancient race of men, at
some distant period in the past, have done
very extensive mining work. Traces of this
ancient mining are found all through the Lake
Superior copper region ; but at this special
point, and on a single location of less than
2,000 acres of land, a greater amount of labor
is said to have been performed by these un-
known workmen than has been expended by
a large force of men during twenty years at
one of the largest modern co]iper mines in that
district. Who were these men, and for what
purpose did thej' procure the copper ? It is
a pity that no S3'stematic eftbrts are made to
procure tools and other remains of these mys-
terious workmen, with such facts as might
help to elucidate their history. Antiquarian
research is a vast uncultivated field in America;
and we are fast destroying or obliterating the
relics of our prehistoric races, whose doings
and remains should be of great interest to us.
— Late Paper. •
Selected for " The Friend."'
Mnr|C;arct Pothcrp;ill, hltc Wifeof Johu Foth-
ergill, in Wenslj-dale, Yorkshire, was care-
fully educated, vchen a child, by her parents,
amongst the people called (Quakers ; and while
she was but very j'oung, not only delighted
to go to Friends' meetings, but came under a
concern of heart, that she migiit become ac-
quainted with the Lord for herself, and be
made a partaker of his quickening power and
virtue in her own soul. 'This concern the Lord
was pleased to regard, and graciously came
in upon her heart, by his power and love, and
thereby helped her to draw near Him, and
worship Him knowingly, while she was but
very young.
As she grew up, she continued to delight
in waiting upon God, and feeling after his
goodness secretly, through the pure influence
whereof she came to be clothed with a meek
and quiet spirit, and also helped to show it
forth in a grave, modest and excmpUuy beha-
viour; because whereof, she was much beloved
by most that knew her. Some time before
she was married, being likely to leave her
own country, she came under some exercise
to exhort Friends, in several of their meet-
ings, to a close walking with, and a true de-
pending upon God; and to beware of an uncon-
cerned mind when they appeared before him
in meetings ; which exercise she made men-
tion of, being fresh in her mind, on her dying
bed.
After she was married, she continued a true
lover of meetings, and an humble waiter for
the resurrection of the life of truth, right well
knowing that therein is all ability for the per-
formance of worshi]i acceptable to the Lord.
As she was often attended with fear and care,
lest anything should divert her mind from the
fervent search after the truth itself, which is
absolutely necessary, so she would often ex-
press her sorrow of heart, concerning a dulness
and indifferency which she apprehended to be
growing upon some jieople's miuds, who had
long professed the truth.
Notwithstanding her being often unfit for
attending meetings, as she had a good will to
do, especially Monthly and Quarterly meet-
ings, by reason of having young children,
and sometimes being very tender and weaklj^
as to her constitution of body, yet would she
often express her care, that the affairs of truth
in those meetings, might be managed with
suitable zeal and care for the glory of God ;
sometimes saying she could be glad, and was
not without hopes of living to be a little more
at liberty to attend those services, and to dis-
charge herself more fully amongst Friends,
for righteousness' sake, whereof she was a
pattern in her conversation, being humbly
careful that the Lord's holy name might be
glorified.
At the birth of her last child, she expresfi
much thankfulness to the Lord, saying, iik
reverent mind, "How shall we be thank [
enough for all his help and wonderful gO(|.
ness !" And although she as hopefully goti)'
far as at any other time, that being her eigh;i
child, yet she grew suspicious of herself a [
the third daj- after discovered her apprehc.
sions of being taken away, in these worf;
"1 wonder that I cannot be troubled tlia
am likely to leave my little ones, and my de'
husband."
These expressions nearly affecting her hi.
band, she added, "They (meaning her ch.
dren) will be cared for, and thou will be he,
ed, and there is a place prepared for me
She continued in a steady expectation of bcii
taken away, and spoke of things relatii
thereto, with such cheerfulness and resiijn
tion, as was much admired. She spoke
divers persons in particular, advising them
prize their time, and make a right use of tl
visitation of God to them.
She also expressed herself in a living co
eern that young people, amongst Friend
might not content themselves with baie! .
going to meetings, and said, in a weiglii
manner, "It. will not do; it will not do:" ui
and so spoke of her own concern, and desi
to meet with the Lord in her young yeai
when she went to meetings; and that si
could not be content without bis presence, (
his love ; and humblj- acknowledged his mere
and goodness to her, from her j-outh upwan
She also said, that she had often thought he
self poor and bare, but she followed on att(
him, and could not let him alone ; and humbl
acknowledged, he had often appeared to ht
as a morning without clouds. Her heart hi
ing then filled with the love of God, with ur
speakable joy in the Holy Spirit, she sun
praises and hallelujahs to the Lord God, an
the Lamb, her Saviour, for his loving kindiies
and goodness to her, in many respects, till tha
verj' time.
Another time, one coming in to see her, c
whom she quickly took notice, called her b;
name, and charged her to be careful abou
going to meetings among the Lord's people
and that she did not go in a careless, or un
concerned mind, but to sit down at his foot
stool, and wait to hear his gracious words
She charged her to tell her daughter thereof
and spoke further of the sorrow which hac
seized upon her spirit, because of an uncon
ci'rned mind, and indifferency, with respect t(
waiting for the knowledge of the truth itself
that she had seen coming in among Friends
which that day (or thereabouts), she said she
well remembered, she had to advise Friends
against, the last time she had anything t(
say in meetings, before she left her own coun
try. And with great weight further said, "It
is great or absolute mockery, to go to sit down
before the Lord in meetings in a careless
mind." After some little stillness, in the
strength of the word of life, she said there
was a terrible day of judgment coming, or
hastening upon the backsliders in Zion. After
that she seemed to be easier in her spirit, and
lying sometime more still, her husband softly
asked her how she was ; she replied, "Well,
or prettj- well, my love ; I find nothing but
ease and peace."
Though her weakness had then prevailed
much upon her, and she lay pretty still for
some time, yet her strength was renewed in
the power of truth, wherein she broke forth ^
THE FRIEND.
279
|i gu]iplicatioii, in a veiy humble and fei-vont
'laniier, lor the ehurch in general ; and also
'lentioned her little ones.
' She further t^aid, "Let me be bowed down
'efore the Lord, that the fruit of my body
lay be enriched with the same favor, love
11(1 i,'0odness;" and so went on in praising
ikI i,'lorifyin>i; God, in the aboundings of his
ive and merciful goodness, to the tendering
:ie hearts of most about her.
After some time, she being entreated to
ndeavor after rest or sleep, she answered,
I had a line or easy day yesterday, but this
ill be a hard day ;"for I think I shall rest
ttle more, till t rest for altogether;" that
ring about or before the middle of the day.
he continued in humble acknowledgments to
lie Lord for his goodness and mercy, and in
raises to him whom she often said vvas wor-
hy, worthy of it for evermore, so long as her
•ords were intelligible.
Though she had a hard struggle with death,
et the sting of it being taken awaj', she
lined not to regard it, or complain, her spirit
oiiig borne over it hy the sense of that joy
ml lasting pleasure, she was near to launch
ito the full fruition of; and that evening she
c]i;irted, being the 16th day of the Second
lunth, 1719, ill the forty-second year of her
i;o; and was buried the 18th day, in Friends'
ni-\ing ground, accompanied by a great con-
luise oi' people, amongst whom the testi-
louy of truth was borne, in the power and
ooiiness of the Lord Almighty, to the eom-
n-t and strengthening of man}-.
The Bridle.— ''Don't go without a bridle,
oys," was my grandfather's favorite bit of
dvice.
l>o 3'ou suppose we were all teamsters or
or.-^e jockeys ? No such thing.
If lie heard one cursing and swearing, or
;iven to much vain and foolish talk, " That
lan has lost his bridle," he would say. With-
ut a bridle, the tongue, though a little mem-
.er, " boasteth great things." It is "an unruly
vil, full of deadly poison." Put a bridle on,
,nd it is one of the best servants the body and
oul have. "I will keep my mouth with a
iridic," said kingDavid, and who can do better
ban follow his example?
When my grandfather saw a man drinking
.nd carousing, or a boy spending all his money
or cakes and candj-, " Poor fellow," he would
ay, "he's left off his bridle." The appftite
leeds reining; let it loose, and it will run you
o gluttony, drunkenness, and all sorts of dis-
n-ders. Be sure and keep a bridle on your
ippetite ; don't let it be master. And don't,
leglect to have one for your passions. They
;o mad if they get unmanageable, driving
-oudown a blind and headlong course to ruin,
leep the check-rein tight; don't let it slip;
lold it steady. Never go without your bridle,
)oys.
That was the bridle my grandfather meant,
he bridle of sdf government. Parents try to
•estrain and check their children, and you can
generally tell by their behavior what childreti
lave such wise and faithful parents. But
parents cannot do everything. And some
:hildren have no parents to care for them.
Every boy must have his own bridle, and
svery girl must have hers ; they must learn
-0 check and govern themselves. Self-govern-
nent is the most difficult and the most im-
portant government in the world. It becomes
iasier every day, if you practice it with steady
and resolute will. It is a fountain of excel-
lence. It is the cutting and pruning which
make the noble and vigorous tree of character.
;— Child's Paper.
For " The Frieud."
"The (ireaching of the cross ig to them th.it perish
IbolishiKss, liut iiiUii us which are saved, it is Uie puwer
of God." 1 Cor. i. 18.
How often in the experience of the young,
and to those who have attained to some de-
gree of religious stability, has been felt the
"preaching of the cross" — the cross to the
natural inclination ; it may be in dress, in
language, or in some of th'ise matters which
are" accounted by the world as of little mo-
ment I But it is to those that perish that the
preaching of the cross is foolishness: such,
despising obedience in the day of small things,
fall by little and little, but to those who are
saved it is "the power of God." How re-
markably full is this declaration. Oh ! that
all who have felt the controversy of the Lord
to be against certain things, however trivial
they may appear to some. Oh I that all who
have felt this "preaching of the cross," may
be willing to yield unreserved obedience there-
to, and thus be prejjared to take one step
after another in the way of entire dedication
and holiness to the Lord ! Reason not away
the requisitions of the Lord I
THE FRIEND.
FOURTH MONTH 18, 1874.
"Let thy thummim and thy urim be with
thj- Holy One, whom thou didst prove at
Massah, and with whom thou didst strive at
the waters of Meribah." The allusion thus
made by Moses, when addressing the tribe of
Levi, to which pertained the priesthood, to
these mysterious ornaments in the breast-
plate of judgment, to be worn over the heart
of the Iligb Priest, was doubtless to remind
them of the necessity of dependence on the
guidance and power of Him who had again
and again proved His all-sufficiency, even in
their extremity. As the high priest was to
arrive at his oracular judgment from the mani-
festation of the Divine will through the sacred
breast])late, it was essential therefore that he
should keep it and resort toils revelations, as
he had been commanded, in entire depend-
ence upon the Holy One, who.se direction was
sought.
In this gospel day, when every truly anoint-
ed believer is a member of "an holy priest-
hood to offer up spiritual sacrifices, acceptable
to God by Jesus Christ," it is none the less
essential that his thummim and bis urim shall
be with his Holy One, as He manifests his
glorious presence in the heart, to give him a
knowledge of bis will and the abililj- to con-
form to it in all things. In conducting the
affairs of the church, this cannot be dispensed
with unless the will and wisdom of man are
to be substituted for the government of C!brist,
who is Ileadover all things in his own church.
This we doubt not is a subject of serious
consideration with many to whom the cause
of Truth, as connected with our religious So-
ciety is precious, as our Yearly Meeting draws
nigh. Should it be gathered in the name of
Jesus, and those who are prepared by the
heart-changing baptisms of the Holy Spirit
to know his voice and do his will, be pre-
served in humble waiting upon Him, Ho
doubtless will condescend to preside over the
assembly, and clothe the watchmen and watch-
women with the spirit of discernment, and
with righteous zeal to lead the flock rightly
forward in the promotion of his cause ; or en-
able them to stand with the ark resting on
their shoulders, as in the bottom of Jordan,
until the people have jjassed over.
It need not be concealed that there is much
cause for mourning, and many, from da}- to
daj-, are wearing sackcloth underneath, on
account of the unfriendly spirits around, the
famine and the straitncss of the siege. But
the very gieatness of the departures from
original jirinciplcs and practices, and the in-
creasingly ominous signs of the times, may
well contirm the faith and confidence of those
who feel bound to maintain the testimony of
Truth against the defections and consequent
innovations of the day, and stimulate them to
the performance of their whole duty in un-
tlinching support of the doctrines and testi-
monies of the gospel, as held by Friends from
the beginning.
The apostle says, "Let all your things bo
done with charity," and it should never be
lost sight of But he precedes this exhortation
by another of equal Ibrce, " Watch ye, stand
fast in the faith, quit you like men, be strong."
Love is the fulfilling of the law, but it is
that love which is shown by obeying the com-
mands of Christ. There is a spurious love, or
charity, which fain would cover up and leave
unconderaned the sin with the sinner. The
truth should be spoken with love, but it must
be true love, without partiality and without
hypoeris}-.
The responsibility resting on Philadelphia
Yearly Meeting is great, and in view of the
many valiant standard-bearers that have been,
within a few years, removed from its ranks,
the query ma}- well arise with those who
are leit. Who is suffici. nt for these things?
The best and most gifted are not, unless the
breastplate of righteousness is kept over the
heart, and their thummim and urim are with
the Holy One. "The Lord sitleth upon the
flood, yea the Lord sitteth king forever."
The report of the recent semi-annual exami-
nation at Westtown is a favorable one, to the
effect, that evidence was given of the general
ability and care of the teachers to impart in-
struction, and of a similar willingness and
effort on the part of the pupils, both boys and
girls, to acquire a thorough knowledge of the
difterent branches of a liberal English educa-
tion, and a competent acquaintance with the
Classics.
Great improvements have been made in the
Institution within a few years, and a disposi-
tion prevails in the Committee having charge
of it, to continue adding whatever may be
proved to be effective facilities for imparting
a good education.
Where the training of children has not been
very defective at home, there are very few of
those brought to the school, who do not cheer-
fully comply with the rules adopted for its
government ; all of which are designed, as
they soon discover, to maintain good order,
and promote their advancement not only in
the necessary study of literature and science,
but likewise in good habits and happiness.
In providing for the proper culture of
Friends' children at this seminary, the com-
mittee and officers are desirous to carry out
280
THE FRIEND.
the iuteution of the Yearly Meeting in found- York. She sailed on the 27th ult., and six days after
ingit; that while literary and scientific teach
ing is to be liberally afforded, a religious con
earn shall always bo cherished and exercised,
to imbue the minds of the scholars with the
sound Christian principles of Friends, and to
train them in the practice of their distinguish-
ing testimonies.
It is of great importance that parents and
others sending children to Westtown, should
be careful, in no wise to counteract the rules
adopted by the Yearly Meeting for attaining
the objects proposed, and the labors of those
conducting the school to carry those rules into
effect. Where there is a conscientious care
on the part of all entrusted with the oversight
of children, to cooperate in bringing them
into a love for their Saviour and obedience to
his government, enforced by consistent ex-
ample, it is often blessed with success, and
besides a sure foundation being thus laid for
present and future worth and happiness, it
greatly facilitates intellectual improvement,
and its influence for good is felt throughout
life, redounding to the benefit of Society.
It is no small blessing conferred on our
members to have ready access to such a
healthy and attractive scat of learning, where,
at small cost, a liberal education of their off-
spring may be obtained ; while great pains are
taken to guard them from any immoral taint,
and to create in them a love for vital religion.
It is, therefore, certainly their interest rightly
to estimate and foster Westtown School,
and to give their aid to strengthen the hands
of its watchful caretakers in their arduous
endeavors to keep it up, or to raise it to the
requirement of the times.
"The Bible Association of Friends in
America," has just iesued a medium sized
bible, neatly got up, and well adapted in size
and clear, distinct type, and good paper, for
general use. It is printed from new stereotype
plates, without notes or references, the plates
having cost S3, 150.
AVo think Friends or others would find
themselves well suited by a copy or copies of
this edition, either for their own use or to
give to others. It is to be had at the ofBce
No. 116 North Fourth St., Philadelphia.
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
FoRElON. — Two of the witnesses for the claimant in
the late Tichborne trial have been convicted of perjury
and sentenced to penal servitude. Captain Brown, for
five years, and Jean Lnis for seven years.
The funeral of Dr. Livingstone will take place on the
18lh inst. The remains will be interred in Westmin-
ster Abbey, at the expense of the government. It is
proposed to make a subscription for the children and
two aged sisters of the deceased, who are in straitened
circumstances.
Advices from India state that the famine is every-
where under control. The government has accumu-
lated provisions more than sufficient to meet the defici-
ency, and further subscriptions in England are not
required. There is still great suH'ering in some dis-
tricts.
A boiler in a factory near Glasgow, exploded on the
9th inst. A large part of the boiler went several hun-
dred feet through the air, and fell into a school-house
full of children. Three of the children were killed in-
stantly, and thirty-one were more or less injure<l.
The sovereignty of the Figi Islands has been formal-
ly tendered to Great Britain.
In 18GS the nnndier of deaths in the British coal
mines was 1011; in l.S6<J it was 1110; in 1870 it was
991 ; in 1871 it was 104.5 ; and in 1H72 it was 1060. It
thus appears that every 110,000 or 115,000 tons of coal
raised costs the life of one man.
The French Transatlantic Company's steamship
Europe has been lost in her voyage from 'Havre to New
her passengers and crew were taken off by the English
steamship Greece, the Europe being in a sinking con-
dition. The value of the steamship Europe was about
$1, '2.50,000, and the cargo was estimated at §1,000,000.
It is stated that the six largest steamers in the world
are the Great Eastern, 678 feet long and 77 broad ; the
Liguri.a, 460 feet long and 45 broad ; the Britannia, 455
feet long and 45 broad ; the City of Richmond, 453 feet
long and 43 broad ; the Bothnia, 425 feet long and 42.',
broad ; and the City of Peking, 6000 tons, 423 feet long
and 4S broad.
Intelligence has been received from the Gold Coast
that the king of Ashantee has signed the treaty sent to
him by Sir Cnirnet Wolseley, but has given no guaran-
tee that he will execute its provisions.
Liverpool.— Uplands cotton, SJrf. Sales of the day
9100 bales American.
Advices from the north of Spain report no material
change in the situation. On the 7th Serrano renewed
the attack on the Carlist lines before Bilboa, but made
little impression upon them. It was reported on the
9th that he had made proposals for a settlement which
the Carlist leaders definitely rejected.
A Madrid dispatch states that Marshal Serrano is to
return to that city, and that General Concha will suc-
ceed him in command of the troops operating against
the Carlists.
The French government has received dispatches from
the Governor of New Caledonia confirming the report
of the escape of Ruchefort and his companions, which
was eSected with the connivance of several ot)lonists.
Le Temps, of Paris, publishes the dispatch from the
Austrian Premier, Von Beust, to Prince Metternich,
Austrian Minister at Paris, dated July 1870, saying:
" We consider the cause of France our own, but the
alliance of Russia and Prussia prevents armed inter-
vention of Austria." Von Beust advises Metternich to
sugge,st that tlie good will of Italy may be obtained and
the mediation of that government in the settlement of
the Franco-German difficulty secured if France will
permit the occupation of Rome by the Italians."
A Berlin dispatch says that a compromise has been
efiected on the military bill, by whicli the most serious
obstacles to its passage are removed. The government
has accepted an amendment proposed by the Liberal
members of the Reichstag, limiting the strength of the
army to 401,000 men, and the period of service to seven
years. Bismarck had threatened to resign unless the
military question was settltd.
The mineral pioducts of Nova Scotia the past year
were 1,051,467 tons of coal, 120,000 tons of plaster
3,o00 tons of iron, 2,820 tons of free stone, and 11,852
ounces of gold. There is a prospect of an increased
product the present year.
A letter from Lima says that the .Jesuits who came
to Peru owing to the troubles in Germany, Italy and
Spain, will not be allowed refuge in Peru.
A Vienna dispatch of the 13th says : The Upper
Houseof the Reichstrath to-day passed tlie ecclesias-
tical bills, whereupon the bishops withdrew in a bodv.
The Emperor has sent a conciliatorv reply to tlie
Pope's recent protest against the ecclesiastical bills
United States.— The interments in Philadelphia
last week numbered 331. The liquor licences applied
for in this city thus far in 1874, are 1,205 less than
those applied for in the same [leriod of 1873.
M(jrtality in New York last week 560,
after this it was found the vessel was leaking bad
No lives were lost.
The Markets, &c. — The following were the quotatic
in the 13ih inst. Neio York. — American gold, 113,
113|. U. S. sixes, 1881, Reg. 119, Coupons 12U; dit
1868, 119|; ditto, 10-40 5 per cents, lUJaUo. 'Sup.
tine fiour, $5.90 a $6.35 ; State extra, i6.40 a S6.tj
finer brands, $7 a $10.50. No. 1 Chicago spring whe
S1.62; No. 2 do., S1..58 ; No. 3 do., $1.51 a $l!53 ; r
western, $1.69. State barley, $1.95. Oats, 62 a 68 c
Western mixed corn, 86 a s5l cts. ; yellow, 90 a 91 cts
southern white, 91 a 92 cts. PAJktWpAia.— Uplan
and New Orleans cotton, 17 a 171 cts. Superfine flot
$5.25 a $5.75 ; extras, $6 a $6.50 ; finer brands, f7
$10.50. Western red wheat, §1.60 a $1.70 ; Penn
red, $1.73 a $1.75; amber, $1.75 a $1.82; white, Sl.i
aS1.90. No. Ispring, Sl.4s;a§1..50;No. 2spring,$1.4
Rye, 98 cts. Yellow corn, 85 cts. Oats, 60 a 65 cts. Sali
of 2300 beef cattle at 6] a 7J cts. per lb. gross ft
extr.a, and common 5 a 6 cts. Fair to choice sheep, C
a 84 cts. per lb. gross, and common 6 cts. Hogs, $8..5
a $8.75 per lb. net for corn fed. Chkayo.—No. 1 sprin
wheat, $1.26J; No. 2 do., $1.23J. No. 2 mixed con
62} cts. No. 2 oats, 43.] cts. Rye, 90 a 92 cts. No,
spring barley, $1.65 a $1.70. Lard, $9.65 per 100 lb
Si. Louis. — No. 2 whiter red wheat, $1..50; No. 3 dc
-1.36 ; No. 2 spring, $1.24 a $1.25. No. 2 corn, 64*
6o cts. Oats, 48 a 48i cts. Lard, 91 a 93 cts. Baitimm
—Superfine flour, 5s4.75 a $5.50; extras, $6 a $6.5(
finer brands, $7 a $10.50. White corn, 88 cts.; yellm
83 a 85 cts. Oats, 64 a 70 cts.
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
A Stated Meeting of the Committee having chare
of the Boarding School at Westtown, will be held i
Philadelphia on th«(jl8th inst., at 2.30 p. M.
Samuel Morris,
Philada. 4th mo. loth, 1874. Clerk.
FREEDMEN'S MEETING.
The Eleventh Annual Meeting of "Friends
Asaocii
The production of salt last year in Michigan amount-
ed to 4,117,730 bushels.
It is stated that the popul.ation of New Orleans is
declining, and that there are about six thousand houses
and stores now unoccupied. The wealth and commer-
cial importance of this city were at their height iust
before the outbreak of the rebellion.
According to the report of the Department of Agri-
culture, the tobacco crop of 1873 amounted to 248 950 -
o26 pound.s, valued at $17,698,628 : Pennsylvania re-
turning 14,575,200 pounds, worth $1,778,868.
A dispatch from Si. Johns, N. F., says that the
steamer Tigress of the Polaris expedition, while on the
return from a seal fishing voyage on the coast of Labra-
dor, exploded her boiler, by which twenty-two person
were killed.
tion of Philadelphia and its vicinity for the relief d
Colored Freedmen," will be held in Arch Street Meel|
ing-house, on Second-day evening, 20th inst., at 7
o'clock . ^
All Friends interested are invited to attend.
John B. Garrett,
Philada., 4th mo., 1874. Secretary.
INDIAN AID ASSOCIATION.
The Annual Meeting of the Indian Aid .\ssociatioil!
of Friends of Philadelphia Yearly Meeting, will bj
'leld in Arch Street Meeting-house, ou Fifth-day, 4tl
uo. 23d, 1874, at 7] o'clock p. M.
Friends generally are invited to attend. i
Richard Cadbury, Clerk. \
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE. 1
Near Frankford, (Twenty-third Ward,) Philadelphia.!
Physician and Superintendent— Joshua H. Worth :
INGTON, M. D.
Applications for the Admission of Patients may b(
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Board o I
Managers. '
On the 13th the steamer Greece from Liverpool
which port she left on the 25th ult., arrived at New
lork with 28 cabin and 524 steerage p.a.s.sen<'ers and
.also 37 cabin and 182 steerage passengers, with 160 of
the crew of the wrecked steamer Euroiie. When
abandoned the Europe was in a sinking condition. The
disaster is attributed to disarrangement of the plates
V\ hen coming out of Havre the bottom of the steamer
scraped against rocks, but it was not then believed the
damage, it any, was of a .serious character. Three days
Died, on the 24th of 1st mo. 1874. at the residence ol
his son-in-law, Clayton Lamborn, near Winona, Colum-
biana Co., Ohio, Isaac B. Ti;st, in the 87th vear ol
his age, a valued member of New Garden Monthly and
Particular Meeting. Notwithstanding the many hard-
ships and privations incident to raising a large "family
in a newly settled country, he was always careful that
worldly aiiUirs should not hinder him from the regular
attendance of all our religious meetings. He was much
engaged in the perusal of the Holy Scriptures and the
approved writings of Friends, from which he derived
great satisfaction ; and thought much newspaper read-
ing unprofitable. During his last illne.^s his mind was
much engciged to know a preparation for eternity, often
dwelling in review upon his past life, saving at one
tiuie, "I have nothing to boast of, but if I had lived in
forgetfulness of God as .some appear to do, what would
be my feelings now?" He bore a painful illness with
much patience and resignation, often supjilicating for ,
strength to hold out to the end, saying, " What a happy
release it would be," .adding " no"t my will, but thine,
O Lord, be done." He was favored with remarkable
clearness of intellect during his last moments, and
quietly de^iarled, leaving with his friends the comfort-
able assurance that his end was peace.
W'LLIAM H. PILE, PRINTER.
No. 422 Walnut Street.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. XLVII.
SEVENTH-DAY, FOUKTH MONTH 25, 1874.
NO. 36.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
'rice Two Dollars per aniuini, if paid in advunce. Two
dollars and fifty cents, if not paid in advance.
SabacriptiOQB and Payments receired by
JOHN S. STOKES,
AT NO. 116 NORTH FOURTH STREET, nP STAIRS,
PaiLADISLFHIA.
•ostage, when paid quarterly in advance, five cents.
For "The Friend."
John Heald.
CCoDtiuned from page 277.)
"8th mo. 17th, 1820. At Morcmon Meet-
ng, I be>;an by showing that we do not follow
,he practice of such, who curry the Scriptures
yith them to mceting.s, to take a text out of:
bat I did not observe that Christ or His
ipostles practiced such a usage, but He began
rlis excellent sermou with, ' Blessed are the
)0or in spirit;' and Peter with, '1 perceive
-hat God is no respecter of persons ;' and Paul
it one time quoted some of the heathen poets.
Chey did not sing, or use many of the prac-
ices used uow-a-days b}' the professors of
Jliristianit3\ So 1 think our neighbors, who
ire disposed to follow the common usages,
nay hold us excused, as our practice comes
learer being like that of Christ and His
Ipostles.
24lh. Attended ClearCreek. My testimony
,vas on the internal evidence of the Christian
■eljijion. 1 delivered my belief that, if this
nstructor were duly attended to, Atheism,
Jniversalism, and unconditional Election and
ieprobation, and such like doctrine, would be
lone away to the end of the world.
The Yearly Meeting at Mt. Pleasant was
avored in its several sittings with a good de-
;ree of Divine regard, and among the weighty
concerns attending was the division of the
Learly Meeting. It was then mutually agreed
0 institute a Yearly Meeting at Whitewater,
.ndiana, for that State and the western parts
(f Ohio.
2Sth. At Cross Creek I was concerned to
how that there are two kinds of builders ; and
wo kinds of buildings in a religious sense —
vhosoever heareth these sayings of mine and
ioeth them, and whosoever heareth these say-
ngs of mine and doeth them not. The one
)uilt on the rock, and the other on the sand.
! thought a solemnity prevailed. We went
iter meeting to Joseph Hobson's, and staid
he afternoon. Near sundown I lelt a concern
evive, that had at times been turning on my
aind for several daj's, but not with sufficient
clearness; but now I perceived it was likely
o be followed with condemnation, if delayed
■ny longer. So 1 let my feelings be known,
vhieh was to have a meeting in a village near,
ailed Eichmond. It was soon agreed to and
notice given, and nearly as many as could be
accommodated attended. After a time of
silence 1 felt it to rest on my mind to state,
that if a man bosiin to be reli<;ious and some-
times to exhort or advise people to do right,
all seemed to be agreed, that he himself should
conduct uprightly, and not advise one thing
and do the contrarj' ; but one who does not
make such pretensions will do well enough
though he be not so particular and exact.
Has he who gives counsel need to be more
pure, to be fit for Heaven, than other people?
Maj' such as are making little or no profession
be counted suitable for the happy abodes, yet
not 80 correct in their doings, as be is ex-
pected to be who cautions others? Do not
too many neglect the properattention to duty,
and it is thoujrbt to be all well enough, be-
cause they are making little pretension to re-
ligion? Some have room to fear that they
are too much at ease, and in danger of what
befell the slothful servant who neglected to
improve the talent which he was called on to
occup3^ until his Lord come; but being (may
I not say) careless, eas}' and slothful or negli-
gent, was not disposed to observe the com-
mand. Thus some can neglect the attendance
of religious meetings because they are not
making much pretension to religion. Is it
not time to consider seriously? Shall we not
each one receive our own reward for our own
works? I had to deal plainly with them, and
there was, 1 thought, a solemn owning evi-
dence attending.
29th. Earlj' in the morning we set out,
having about forty miles home. I rode home
in the twilight. Our families we found well,
and glad to see us and we them. In this jour-
ney I travelled 1141 miles by computation."
A few days after his return home, John
Heald wrote to his friend Benjamin Kite,
giving him some particulars of his travels. In
this letter he says;
"Our Yearly Meeting was large, and the
Quarterly Meetings of Blue River, White-
water, West Branch, Miami and Fairtield,
renewed the proposal of dividing the Yearly
Meeting. This they did jointly, and when it
came before the meeting, it resulted in an
agreement that those Quarters should com-
pose a Year)}' Meeting to be known by the
name of Indiana Yearly Meeting, to be opened
at Whitewater, on Second day, after the first
First-day in the 10th mo. 1821, leaving the
three Quarterly Meetings of Redstone, Short
Creek and Salem, to compose Ohio Yearly
Meeting.
"I have renewed cause to believe that there
is still in our Society a number of livingly
concerned Friends; but too generally the
minds of this people appear to be too loose
from the concerns of religion, too lightly es-
teeming the high privileges they might avail
themselves of, to enjoy a comfortable assur-
ance of acceptance with the dear Redeemer.
How trifling are the enjoymetits ot these to
what they might partake of! Yet so great is
the insensibility, that such a]ipear only to
know in part; so that it might be s^iid to
them, ' O ibols and slow of heart to believe.'"
Several of the subsequent letters of John
Heald refer to the concerns of " The Fairtield
Company Store," a co-operative association
which had been organized sometime before in
that neighborhood, and which proved a source
of much trouble and pi'cuniary loss to many
who were interested in it. Many Friends
were share-holders in it, but many others also
took stock ; and when the time came to pay
the indebtedness that had accumulated, some
removed to other States, or proved irrespon-
sible, so that the burthen fell heavily on the
small number of persons who pos-essed pro-
perty and were too honest to evade their re-
sponsibilities. John Heald was not involved
in the ditticulty, but his sympathy with his
neighbors led him to intercede with the
creditors residing in Philadelphia, through
his friend Benjamin Kite, for such leniency,
as might enabie them to discharge their in-
debtedness without excessive loss, and addi-
tional legal expenses. The whole amount to
be paid Was only about $4,000, but the low
price of produce, and the comparative poverty
of the people then residing in Ohio, made the
difficulty of raising this sum greater than we
can easil}' imagine. In a letter written 4th
mo. 17th, 1824, J. H. says: "The Company
Store business continues to bo accompanied
with much calamity, perplexitj' and distress.
I suppose thou hast understood that sixteen
of them were bound in a judgment to pay
near $4,000. Nine of them have paid S26.5
each, and their property lies as liable to bo
seized and sold, as the property of those who
have not paid any. James Boulton [his former
travelling companion] has sold horses and
cows to make up his $2G5, but has no horse
creature left, and still his little piece of land
is liable to go too. While some appear to act
honestly, others practice evasive shifts, and
in adc^tion to this our produce bears a small
price, wheat 50 cents, rj-e and corn 25, oats
12i per bushel, butter 6J^, [maple] sugar 6 i^
per lb. If a map was made to exhibit all the
shades of trouble and comfort, how wide the
spaces of the one, and narrow the limits to
the others, the world affords. To have much
perplexity here, and no comfort hereafter,
how melancholy, what doleful shades !
" Seven members of our meeting are of the
16, and many more are stockholders. It may
be said you should help one another; perhaps
many are willing who have but small means.
I, for one, am paying interest on money I had
the use of to bear my expenses when travel-
ling [as a minister of the gospel] and have
not found means as yet to discharge the debt.
The amount however is small — a few dollars."
This case has been referred to here, on ac-
count of the proof it furnishes of the need of
care as to hovv wo enter into business arrange-
ments with those whose standard of integrity,
or whose views in other respects may not be
282
THE FRIEND.
in unison with our own. For want of this
care, many have been led into serious diffi-
culties, and have been exposed to influences
and temptations from which the3' have not
always escaped without moral injury.
(To be continued.)
•-♦
For " The Friend."
The Heart of Africa, by Dr. Seliweinlurlh.
The explorations recently »iade in the in-
terior of Africa, by George Schweinfurth,
have furnished an important contribution to
our knowledge of that countrj'. This ex
plorer has been from his youth an earnest
student of botany, and led by his zeal for his
favorite science, some ten years ago he spent
two years and a half in collecting plants in
the delta of the Nile, the Highlands of Abys-
sinia, and the Nubian hills and valleys. He
returned to Europe with a splendid herbarium,
but with an exhausted purse. The two years
that iiiteivened before he again entered on
the scenes of his former labors, were spent in
the study and classittcatiou of the specimen.'^
he had gathered. Of the effect of these em-
ployments he thus speaks:
'■AVhoever knows the blameless avarice of
a plant-hunter will understand how these
studies could only arouse in me a craving after
fresh boot}'. I could notforget that the greater
part of the Nile territory, with the mysterious
flora of its most southern affluents, stdl re-
mained a fresh field for botanical investiga-
tions; and no wonder that it presented itself
as an object irresistibly attractive to my de-
sires. But one who has himself, on the virgin
soil of knowledge in unopened lands, been
captivated by the charm of gathering fresh
varieties, and has surrendered himself to the
unreserved enjo3-nient of Nature's freedom,
will be prompted to yet keener eagerness ;
such an one cannot be daunted by any priva-
tion he has undergone, nor deterred by any
alarm for his health: he exaggerates the in-
salubrity of a northern climate; he bewails
the wretched formality of our civilised life,
and so, back to the distant solitudes flies his
recollection, like a dove to the wilderness.
Having received pecuniarj- aid from the
"Humboldt Institution of Natural Philosophy
and Travels," he returned to Africa in 18G8,
on an expedition which lasted three years.
Khartoom is situated near the junction of the
Blue Nile, which drains the Abyssinian Moun
tains; and the White Nile, which flows from
the more southern and western regions, ft
is almost the outpost in that direction of
Egyptian civilization, though the authority
of the Turkish government ixtends consider-
ably beyond it, and the headquarters of a few
wealthy ivory traders, who send out in their
boats armed parties into the remote interior,
in many portions of which they exercise a
controlling authority. On a smaller scale,
they remind one of the operations of the Enfj-.
lish East India Company in the valley of the
Ganges, or of the great Fur Companies in
Canadian regions. With one of these merchant
princes, a Coptic Christian, named Ghattas,
Dr. Schweinfurth entered into a contract, by
which he was to be furnished with the means
of su(38i8tence, and with men to act as bearers
and guards. The voyage commenced in the
Ist mo. 1860. Their course was up the White
Nile. Our author notices the enormous herds
of cattle which were pastured on the shores,
the snorting of the Hippopotamuses which
wore so numerous as greatly to disturb their
night's rest, and the almost unending flocks
of geese which furnished an abundant soui'ce
of food. On an island in the river he found
the water-melon in a wild state, showing that
its original home, as well as that of the do-
mestic cat and of the ass, is Africa. He re-
marks :
'•A rich variety of animal life is developed
in this wilderness; not only did the shore
swarm with hippopotamuses, whose vestiges
were like deep pit-holes, but the ground was
Scooped out in places vacated by rows of croco-
diles, which now basked only thirty paces in
our front. Great iguanas and snakes rustled
in the dry grass. Everywhere under the trees
were snake skins and egg shells ; above in the
branches was heard the commotion of the
mischievous monkej's, whilst birds of many
a species, eagles from giant nests, and hosts
of fluttering waterfowl, gave incessant ani-
mation to the scenery of the shore.
" What, however, most interested me, was
the unliaiited variety in the kinds of water
plants which abounded on the floods, the sport
of the winds and waves. Among them the
llerininiera, known under the native name of
ambatch, has already been the subject of
general remark; it plays so prominent a part
in the upper waters of the Nile, that it might
fairly be designated the most remarkable of
the native plants.
"The ambatch is distinguished for the un
exampled lightness of its wood, if the fungus
like substance of the stem deserves such a
name at all. It shoots up to 15 or 20 feet in
height, and at its base generally attains a
thickness of about 6 inches. The weight ol
this fungus wood is so insigniticant that it
really suggests comparison to a feather. Only
by taking it into his hands could any one be-
lieve that it were possible for one man to lift
on to his shoulders a raft made large enough
to carry eight people on the water. '1 he
plant shoots up with great rapidity by the
quiet places of the shore, and since it roots
merely in the water, whole bushes are easily
broken off by the force of the wind or stream,
and settle themselves afresh in other places.
This is the true origin of the grass-ban iers
so frequently mentioned as blocking up the
waters of the Upper Nile, and in many sea-
sons making navigation utterly impracticable.
Other plants have a share in the formation of
these floating islands, which daily emerge like
the Delos of tradition ; among them, in parti-
cular, the vossia grass, and the famous papy-
rus of antiquity, which at present is nowhere
to be found either in Nubia or in Egypt.
"The 14th of January was the tirst day of
ill-luck, which I was myself the means of
bringing about. liarly in the morning an-
other boat had joined us ; and the people
wished me to allow them to stay awhile that
they might enjoy themselves together. Being,
however, at a spot which seemed to me ex
tremely dull, I urged them to go further, in
order to land on a little island that appeared
more full of interest. The excursion which I
took was attended by a misfortune which be-
fell one of the two men whom I took to ac-
company me. Mohammed Amin, such was
his name, running at my side, had chanced to
come upon a wild biift'alo, that I had not the
least intention of injuring, but which the man,
unhappily, approached too near in the high
grass. The buffalo, it would seem, was taking
his midda}' nap, and disturbed from his siesta,
rose in the vitmost fury. To spring up and
whirl the destroyer of his peace in the a'
was but the work of an instant. There la'
my faithful companion, bleeding all over, an| I
in front of him, tail erect, stood the buffull
roaring, and in a threatening attitude read
to trample down his victim. However ih '
attention of the infuriated brute was attracte<
bj' the other two men, who stood by lookin
on speechless with astonishment. I had n
gun ; Mohammed had been carrying ra
breech-loader in his hand, and there it wy
swinging on the left horn of the buffalo. Tli
other man with me, who carried my rifle, ha
immediately taken aim, but the trigger sua[
ped in vain, and time after time the gu
missed fire. No time now for any consult;
tion ; it was a question of a moment. Th
man grasped at a small iron hatchet an
hurled it straight at the buffalo's head from
distance of about twenty paces; the aim wa
good, and thus was the prey rescued from th
eneni}'. With a wild bound the buffalo thre\ |
itself sidelong into the reeds, tore alon, I
through the rustling stalks with its ponderou
weight, bellowinff and shakiuc; all tli-e icrounc i
Koaring and growling, bounding violeiiti
from side to side, he could be seen in wil
career, and as we presumed that the wliol
herd might be in his train, we seized the gun-
and made our quickest way to a neighboiin
tree. All, however, soon was quiet, and ou
next thought was directed to the unfortunai
sufferer. Mohammed's head lay as thoug, I
nailed to the ground, his ears pierced bj' shari,
reed-stalks, but a moment's inspection coiij
vinced us that the injuries were not fata«
The buftalo's horn had struck his mouth, antj
besides the loss of four teeth in the upper ja\'j
and some minor fractures, he had sustaiuei
no further harm. I left my other compauioi
on the spot to wash Mohammed, and hastenei I
alone to the distant boat to have him fetched'
In three weeks he had recovered, and as ai
equivalent for each of his four teeth he had ;
backsheesh of ten dollars. Tliis liberality oi
my part wonderfully animated the desire fo i
enterprise amongst my companions, and pu
them in great good humor towards me lor thi .
future." J
Shortly after this, they had another proo
of the excitable natui-e of the buffalo. "As
we were sailing in deep water close to the
reedy shore, the roar and rustle of our great
sail started up a herd of wild buftaloes, which j
disappeared from sight, before we had time tc
seize our rifles. When presently wo were
passing the last camp of the Baggara Arabs, I
our attention was attracted to a sceoie of ex-
citement, at once vivid and picturesque. The
entire population, -alarmed by an attack ol i
wild buffaloes on some cattle-drivers, was up
and in hot pursuit. Hundreds of men armed
with lance or sword, some of them mounted,
were furiously hurrying to the scene, urged
on by the frantic shrieks of the excited
women. We could not resist the conclusion
that the buftaloes, which we had disturbed,
had proceeded to attack the neighboring
drivers. An impression seemed to prevail
that we had fired at the Batjiiara, but in the
tumult nobody exactly understood the cir-
cumstances. The gale was in our favor, and
we glided rapidly out of reach without learn-
ing the precise issue of the disorder."
(To be continued.)
He that honoreth not the Son, honoreth
not the Father that sent Him.
THE FRIEND.
283
Substitates for Drinking Suloons.
There are many in ail our large cities who
ire homeless, and others have nothing that
IcBerves that endearing name. Boarding-
lOuses, ustiailj-, are not liomes. These home-
ess ones will have their reports, whore they
nay meet their Icindhearted follows. If we
cake from thorn the drinking saloons, what
.^ubstituteH shall we otl'or them ? Being social
md kind hearted, man}' of them nuist have
i some place where the}' may meet their com-
panions. If safe places, suited to their posi-
tion in life, are not furnished, they will take
nich as they can find. It is not because they
\ro more depraved and vicious than mini}'
ithers, that ttiey spend their evenings where
the}' do. but this want of their social natures
draws them together, and often they can find
[10 better. Their genial natures and love of
joeiety, have proved snares to them and may
iprove their ruin. Thej^ who fall are those
frho are worth saving.
Where shall they meet? Where shall they
have their friendly greetings, and yet free
from danger? A few, a very few can meet
in the public libraries and reading-rooms
which have been opened ; but the groat mass,
and those who need them most, cannot. They
ivcre not provided for the great masses, and
the poor laboring men would not feel free in
them.
At present the poor have few gathering
p1a''os which are safe. No light, warm,
pkasant, social room invites them. Houses
in which there are snares are always open —
"ihvays pleasant and inviting. There they are
iihvuys welcome, and can be free and easy.
Fnr the sake of their dimes they are kind!}'
trvated. Publicans are not all heartless, if
they are in a heartless avocation. In drink-
ing saloons, young men find much that is
agreeable to human nature, and much that is
eiiliciog. Though they know that many have
fallen, they imagine they are strong enough
to stand in those slippery places. Did they
susjirct their own strength, they might not
br ensnared. Their strength is their weak-
ness.
Had such persons pleasant and safe resorts,
which have not the odium attached to them
that is to a drinking saloon, many would
gladly go there. They deeph' feel the re-
pi'oach which is rightly attached to those
places ; but when once entered, that stigma
heljis to bind them there, until their manhood
is gone.
A mere pleasant reading-room in their
vicinit}', kept open during the evening, would
atiraet many. These might be very numer-
ous, and yet cost very little — almost nothing
in comparison with rum's doings. There are
few "churches" in our cities and largo towns,
but are able to sustain one or more reading-
rooms. One of our weak churches having re-
ceived a donation of fifty dollars to aid in
fitting up one of them, promises to sustain
two reading-rooms. What then may not
strong "churches" do? Have they no re-
sponsibilities? Might not a little work of
this kind benefit some of them spiritually.
But there are many who Mrant to develop
their social feelings by the enjoyment of more
than mental food. For such, as well as for
many who are poor, or strangers, there ought
to be, in all our cities, pleasant houses, kept
by pleasant people, in which they can get, as
cheaplj' as possible, something good to eat and
to drink, and nothing to intoxicate — nothing
to harm. We need many houses ))re])ared to
give cheap, good and safe lodging and board-
ing. We have Sailor's Homes. Many of our
cities, in all parts of them, need Homes for
the homeless and the stranger. "Can wo not
have them ! Docs not the God of the stranger
and the homeless require something of that
kind of His wealthy stewards? In connec-
tion with these eating houses or homes, there
ought to be facilities for rrading. With very
little cost, our papers might, well-nigh, meet
this great want. We have many men in our
cities who are abundantly able to purchase
houses for that )nirpose, in proper pluces, and
then place suitable persons in them. They
can retain possession of the house, and, in
some locations, the rise of property will make
them profitable investments. But how many,
independent of profit and loss, ought to do
that much for Jesus' sake?
Manj' manufacturing firms might, in this
way. greatly promote the temporal and spirit-
ual interests of their em])loyes, and thus
greatly advance their own interests. In bene-
fiting others, they would be benefited — in
blessing their dependents, they would be
blessed. Such houses, when rightly establish-
ed, have proved to be self sustaining. There
is no risk about them. Thej- are not an un-
tried^experiment. But even if there were risk,
and possible loss, they ought to esteem it a
privilege, and gladlj' do it, for the sake of
doing good. Perhaps the greatest difficulty
will be to find the right men and women to
keep those houses. They ought to be those
who love to do good, who have great kind-
ness and decision, who can say yes, and it
means 3'os ; and no, and it means no. But cer-
tainly our cities have such, and if any city
has not, the trial will develop them. Trial
makes the men and the women for the occa-
sion. They are made for it, and not it tor
them. God's cause never wants the right
men and women when they are needed.
This is evidently a time of need. The
shadows of coming events are seen. God's
providence seems, manifestly, to indicate the
s]3eedy destruction of drinking saloons. That
fearful vice is soon to be only a part of his
tory. Then, my fellow Christians, where are
your substitutes ? Where can the homeless
meet and receive kind, homelike greetings?
Will we have done our whole duty, when the
last driukiuff house shall have been closed ?
J. B.
nual report of the librarian, M'illiam Kite, has
just been made, and contaiiis the following
suggestive passage :
"'In watching the use of our library as it
is more and more resoitod to by the j'ounger
readers of our community, I have lioon much
interested in its influence in weaning them
from a desire for works of fiction. On first
joining the library, the new-comers often ask
for such l)0(iks; but failing to procure them,
and having their attention turned to works
of interest and irstruction, in almo.st every
instance they settle down to good reading,
and cease asking for novels. 1 am persuaded
that much of this vitiated taste is cultivated
b}' the purveyors to the reading classes, and
that they are responsible for an appetite they
often profess to deplore, but (tontiuue to cater
to under the ])lausilile excuse that the public
will have such works. This furnishing of
unwholesome mental foiid or poison is grad-
ually pervading our litt'rature to an alarming
extent, from the fictitious Sabbath-school lit-
tle story-book, through our serials, to the more
pretentious novel, vitiating the taste aufi giv-
ing false ideas of life wherever found. Could
the directors of pulilic libraries but sec the
evil and aid in checking its sjiread, they would
be conferring a great benefit on the young
people. Our library is doing a good work in
that direction.' " — The Nation.
A correspondent writes us from German-
town, Pa.: "We have here a small public
library, established by the Friends for the
use of their own members, and thrown open
to the public without charge. It is open
twice in the week for delivering and receiv-
ing books, and it is used three evenings in
the week as a reading-room, where the best
scientific and literary periodicals and news-
papei-8 of the day lie upon the tables. This
reading-room is becoming much frequented
by the artisans and working-hands of both
sexes in this manufacturing district of Phila
delphia. The library' now contains more than
four thousand volumes of the best publica
tions — travels, biographies, histories, workt
on morals and religion, and on natural history-
and the physical sciences. It has few works
of imagination, and novels of all kinds are
strictly excluded. It is to the latter circum-
stance that I would call attention. The an
For " The Friornl."
Hints Reliitive tn the Tniining of ('liililren; from
a memoir of Dcborali Backtiouscl
Meeting lately with a Memoir of Deborah
Backhouse of York, England, who died the
lOlh of 12th mo., 1827, aged thirty-four years,
it was thought that some oxtraots from it
would not, perhaps, be unacceptable to the
readers of " The Friend." May it tend to
stir up the pure mind with those in the simi-
larly responsible relation !
As appears in the sequel, her father was
earh" taken from her; but her mother being
a woman of religious experience, and in whoso
heart Truth was precious, she prayerfully
sought to promote the growth of the good
seed of the kingdom in the susceptible mind
of her daughter. Thus it is stated that she
endeavored to train the children with whom
she was left "in the nurture and admonition
of the Lord, not onl}' by example, but also by
carefully directing the attention of their ten-
der minds to the manifestation of the Spirit
of Christ in their own hearts," &c. This,
through mere}' from on high, did not prove
like seed sown by the way-side which tho
fowls of the air devoured; neither like that
which was " choked with cares and riches
and pleasures of this life," and brought no
fruit to perfection ; but, on tho contrarj', be-
ing watered by the tears, and nurtured by tho
parental solicitude and watchful prayers of a
piously concerned mother, was blessed with
the manifold increase that God alone giveth.
Thus endeavoring by consistent example, as
well as loving precept, to train up her child
in the way of life and salvation alter the ex-
hortation, " 1 have taught thee in the way of
wisdom ; I have led thee in right paths;" sho
was rewarded and blessed by that child's tak-
ing "fast hold of instruction," and so walk-
ing in the ways of pleasantness and peace,
that her path became like that of the just
which "shineth more and more unto the per-
fect day."
May all parents, to whom this memoir may
284
THE FRIEND.
come, be encouraged to faitlifiiliiesa in watch-
ing over their respective precious flocks, as be-
comes delegated responsible shepherds of a
jealous Father in heaven ; knowing that "the
ways of man are before the e_yes of the Lord,
and Ho pondereth all his goings." That thus,
duly heeding the testimony ot George Fox to
Christian Barclay, respecting the olive-plants
round about her table, — " Thou must ansioer
the Truih in them all," and first giving their
ownselves to the Lord, parents might, through
the washing of regeneration and the renewing
of the Holy Ghost, be made instrumental in
directing, as of primary importance, their be-
loved offspring, as was the case with D. B.,
to a close inward "attention to the Light, or
manifestation of the Spirit of Christ, in their
own minds; which would very clearly direct
them in all things; and, if obej'ed, produce
that peace which passeth all human under-
standing."
MEMOIR, &C.
" Deborah Backhouse, was the daughter of
Tlichard and Elizabeth Lowe, of "Worcester ;
and was born the 29th of the Sth month, 1793.
She lost her father when between two and
three years of age ; but the pious care of her
mother, to train up the children with whom
she was left, in the nurture and admonition
of the Lord, not only by example, but also by
carefully directing the attention of their ten
der minds, to the manifestation of the Spirit
of Christ in their own hearts ; greatly made
up to them the loss they sustained, by the
removal of a parent sincerelj' concerned for
their spiritual and temporal welfare.
"In her early years, Deborah exhibited a
disposition requiring much of the exercise of
parental restraint; and when further advanced
in life, she often expressed the deep sense she
had of the blessing, which the care of her
mother over h-r, had been to her.
"Whilst diligent in instructing her offspring
in the principles of Christianity, Elizabeth
Lowe was also careful to train them in the
practice of those things, into which true Chris-
tian principles lead ; and, amongst these, a vigi
lance to guard against all such superfluity or
ornament in dress, as should be likely to foster
pride or vanity, and thereby hinder the growth
of religion in the soul, had a prominent place.
This watchfulness against everything that
might be in danger of leading the minds of her
family, from under the influence of the Spirit
of Christ, which leads in the path of self-de-
nial, had a great influence over them; and
Deborah has been heard feelinglj' to mention
the condemnation she experienced, when
but young, in making some small alterations
in her dress, in order to gratify a. disposition to
be less plain than was the wish of her beloved
mother.
" In the early part of the year 1818, Debo-
rah Lowe had an attack of illness, which con-
fined her to the chamber for several months ;
and from which her recovery seemed for some
time doubtful. In the course of it, she evinced
that she had chosen the Lord for her portion,
and the God of Jacob for the lot of her inher-
itance; being frequently engaged in religious
meditation. On one occasion, a hope being
expressed that she was recovering, she sweetly
replied, that she had been thinking, that to
depart and be with Christ would be far better.
Many times after her recovery, she recurred,
with expressions of thankfulness to God, to
tho seasons of Divine favor, which she was
permitted to enjoy in tho lime of her great
weakness.
In the course of the following summer, she
regained her usual health ; and kecjiing her
attention to the teachings of the Spirit of Christ
in her own mind, her religious experience in-
creased ; and submitting patiently to the bap-
tisms of the Holy Ghost and of fire in her own
heart, she became prepared to labor for the
religious edification of others. She first open-
ed her mouth in the ministry, in a meeting at
Tewksbury, when on a visit there in the au-
tumn of the year 1819. Her communications
in this line of labor, were neither frequent nor
long, but were clear and edifying."
CTo be continued.}
LITTLE STREAMS.
Down in valleys green and lowly,
Mnrmuring not and gliding slowly ;
Up in nionntain-hoilows wild,
Fretting like a peevi.-^li child ;
. Through the hamlet, where all day
In their waves the children play;
Running west or running east,
Iioing good to man and beast, —
Always giving, weary never,
Little streams, I love you ever.
Mary Howitt.
Selected.
"THY KINGDOM COME."
Now, in the heat and burden of the day.
Father 'twere faithless of thy child to pray.
That thou sliould'st call me to thyself away ;
Nay, rather I will kneel, and kneeling say,
" Father,—' Thy will be done.'"
Yet the work presses, and the hands hang down,
And in much weeping is the good seed sown ;
Oh ! for the harvest, and the bringing home,
Oh ! for the Master's presence with his own,
Father, — "Thy kingdom come."
The Magnetic Metals. — It is well known
that, besides iron, there are a few other metals
pos'^essing magnetic properties, viz : Nickel
and cobalt in a strong degree ; manganese and
chromium in a feebler one. In the Philo-
sophical Magazine we find a remarkable article
on this subject by W. F. Barrett. F. C. S., in
which he endeavors to point out the simi-
larity of these metals to each other in their
physical and chemical properties. Thus, as
to specific gravity, that of the thirty-eight
known metals range from lithium 0 50 to pla-
tinum 21 5, a difference of nearly 21 ; whereas
those of the three strongly magnetic ones are,
iron, 7 8; nickel, 8.3; cobalt, 8..^, where the
extreme difference is only 0.7. Their specific
heat is nearly identical, their atomatic one is
the same, so also, their conductivity for sound,
heat and electricity. Their dilation hy caloric
and the amount they lengthen by mechanical
strain are also identical. The enormous co-
hesive power of iron, nickel and cobalt in the
solid state signalizes those substances as the
most tenacious of metals, and their melting-
point is only exceeded by the platinum group
of metals. They are not volatile at the tem-
perature of the hottest furnace, but only by
the electric spark, when they yield very simi-
lar spectra. As to their chemical properties,
the combining weight of iron is ,56.0; nickel
58 5, and cobalt the same. Chemists class
these throe metals in the same group from the
iinilarity of their chemical behavior, and also
tho identity of their combining energy or
atomidity. What has been said concerning
the likeness of iron, nickel and cobalt in many
respects holds true of inanganese and chrom-
ium. The former has latterly been used to
replace nickel in the alloy of German silver!
The compounds of all these five metals aril
conspicuous for the brilliancy of their colorsl
This uniform coincidence suggests the practil
cal inference that nickel and cobalt might bd
obtained in a malleable and ductile conditiori'
when submitted to a process similar to thaf
by which wrought iron is produced. — Lati
Paper.
Selected.
Watch to the light, and its discoveries ot
good and evil, that you may not be ignorant
of Satan's devices; so the net will be spread
in vain in the sight of the bird, for watchful-
ness will make you in love with a retired es-
tate; and the more truly and perfectly any
man knows and understands himself, the
better discerning will such have of other men ;
as in the beginning when deep silence of all
flesh was more in use, the spirit of discerning
was more common and quicker, than since it
hath been neglected ; therefore be sure you
spend some time (at convenient seasons) in
waiting upon God in silence, though it be dig-'
pleasing to flesh ; for I have had more com-'
fort and confirmation in the truth, on my in-
ward retiring in silence, than from all words i
I have heard from others, though I have often .
been refreshed by them also. — John Crook's
Advice to his Children.
Curious Will. — In 1796 two English gentle-
men were called upon to act as executors for
a common friend jusi deceased. They found
the will duly executed, but were extremely
puzzled, on comparing the schedule of pro-
perty with the testamentary dispositions, to
perceive there would be a deficit of a consider-
able sum. The executors were so much the
more surprised as they had always known
their friend to be peculiarly accurate, as well
as strictly honorable, and they believed him
quite incapable of bequeathing alarger amount
than he possessed. They sc-trched carefully,
therefore, in every conceivable place, but with-
out finding any clue to the missing amount,
beyond a scrap of paper on which the memo-
randum, "£700 to be taken out of Till." As
this sum corresponded with the amount by
which they were out of their reckoning, they
naturally concluded that the testator must
possess some strong box which he designated
by the word "till," as he was not in business,
and could, therefore, only intend it figu-
ratively ; still, after the most diligent inquiry,
no such reserve appeared. Under these cir-
cumstances, the effects of the testator, furni-
ture, plate, library, &c., were sold and the
proceeds distributed. It was not until some
time after, that, still pondering on the pro-
voking mystor}^, it occurred to one of the par-
ties that the writer of the paper might have
meant some book, the author's name of which
was " Till," the more probably as it was writ-
ten with a capital T, and referring to tho
(catalogue he found there inventoried among
the folios a volume of Bishop Tillotson's ser-
mons, a fact which at once threw a new light
on the difficulty. Having communicated his
discovery to his co-executor, they repaired
together to the'book-seller who had purchased
the library, and inquired whether he had as
yet disposed of the volume in question, " I had
parted with it," replied he, " but, as it hap-
pens, it has been returned on my hands, for
the purchaser to whom I sent it in the coun-
try objected to pay the price, and I shall,
THE FRIEND.
285
lerefore, he glad to dispose of it to you."
he value was agi'eed on and the book carried
jme. where, alter caretVdlj- turniTig it over,
nge by page, bank notes to the amount of
isaotly £70l» were found, as the scrap of paper
ad stated, "in Till," and the intentions of
le testator were carried out.
— London News.
For "The Friend.'
My heart has been drawn to address the
oung people of our religious Society, parti-
ilarfy those who have given way to attend
laces of diversion, believing as I do, that the
tendance thereat, has a tendency to lead the
.uiig into a disesteem for our principles, and
Tid-i"to create a relish for the vain amuse-
eiils of the age; our familiarity with them,
jes not render them the less opposed to a
rowth in grace. The fashionable gather-
igs, such as teaparties, picnics, and many
iher assemblages so common in our day, are
tted to lead those who give way to attend
lem. out of the strait and narrow way, into
le ways and manners of the world that lieth
1 wickedness.
Before indulging in those pastimes, be en-
•eated to consider, if they are not moulding
ou more and more into the ways of the vain
'orld. What good can these things do you?
fill they be astay or a comfort, when sum-
loned before the judge of heaven and earth?
Till it yield any consolation ? nay, verily, it
iiist bring remorse. What can all the enjoy-
lents of time and sense, yield to a soul that
; about to be ushered into the presence of our
U-j^eeing Judge unprepared, when a few more
ays would be of more value than all the trea-
li-es of this world, — when a few of those
■asied moments, could they be recalled to
0 spent imploring forgiveness for the past,
rould be more to you
.'orlds. Oil ! be wise ; i)ui]uci tm-n^; mi.jg.-.
Modern Improvements in the Lands of the
Pharaohs. — Dr. Jkke, when on his way to
Siuai recently, passed through Egj-])t. lie
wrote from Cairo to a trieud at Geneva an ac-
count of his ex))erience in the land of the
Pharaohs, which is published in the iSwiss
Tones. The Doctor says :
"When I came to Cairo from Alexandria,
nothing was more striking to me, who have
visited Egypt several times, than tlio many
great changes for the better that have taken
place throughout Egypt. When once Lake
Marcotisand the dreary waste on the western
side of the Rosetta branch of the Nile are
passed, the country, far and wide, exhibits
unequivocal signs of improved and extended
surrender of all things into his [cultivation. 1 am told that whereas in 1850
than ten thousand
Oh ! be wise ; ponder these thin
nd begin betimes to endeavor to lay a good
-lunda'tion against the time to come, that you
lav lay hold on eternal life: "This is life
tevnal to know Thee the only true God, and
esus Christ whom thou hast sent." If you
rcro but truly concerned to acquaint your-
elves with hini and be at peace, you would
e constrained to forsake the follies and van-
Lies of this present evil world, and to walk in
he strait and narrow way that alone leads to
leace. By submitting yourselves to be gov-
rned and' guided by the unerring Spirit, you
Fill find more true joy than in any of the
vaysof sin, and you will also he found in your
ilotment in the end. Therefore, my beloved
'Oung Friends to whom this may apply, turn
nward, and in the silence of all flesh, implore
trength to stand and to withstand the tomp-
ations of the enemy of your soul's peace ; who
8 ever ready with" his plausible insinuations,
0 mislead and bewilder. There is no place
)f safety but at the footstool of Divine mercy ;
lere we shall witness preservation. As we
lubmit to his government, we will know Him
,0 be Wonderful, Counsellor. May you, with
ny own soul, be thus found seeking at wis-
lom's gate, to know the Divine will. Jf this
8 the "engagement, there will, I believe, be
•aised up amongst you those who will stand
or the law and "the testimony, esteeming the
•eproach of Christ greater riches than the
reasures of this world. Then you will know,
.hat your precious moments should be spent
;o the honor of your Creator ; and you will
count it all Joj- to be reproached foi- the numo
of Christ. Then why should any continue to
hug the chains that bind them, but rather give
up yourselves to his service, who hath called
you with a high and holy calling, and is wait-
ing to assist you on your heavenward jour-
ney. But bo assured, that it is only as we
suhmit to the terms, that we can take one
step towards the promised land. To the will-
ing and obedient soul, the yoke is easy and
the burden light. Nothing that is good for us
to retain (though much may be called for that
flesh delights in, and is loth to part with)
will be lost. The joy of his presence will far
more than compensate for all, if we prefer
Him to our chief joy. Then why hesitate t
make a fu
forming hand, seeing that by it we obtain a
blessed assurance, that the arms of his merc_y
will be underneath, amidst all of the trials of
life, and a well-grounded hope will be ours
in the hour of death. The experience of the
Psalmist, is witnessed by the truly dedii-ated
soul : " Though 1 walk through the valley of
the shadow of death, I will fear no evil."
But, should j'ou choose to seek for pleasure
in the follies and vanities of this life, turning
a deaf ear to the i-eproofs of instruction, whicli
are the way of life, my soul will mourn for
you. The lamentation will be ap])licable :
•'Oh that thou hadst barkened to my com
mandraents, then had thy peace been as a
river." I had fed thee also with the finest
of the wheat, with honey out of the rock
would I have satisfied thee. But instead of
this food, which is the heritage of those that
fear the Lord, your portion will be that of
the prodigal, even the husks that the swine
do eat. But beloved young Friends, I am per-
suaded better things of many of you. And
those of you who feel that 3'ou have wander-
ed from your heavenly Father's house, and
are beginning to be in want, and are failing
to satisfy the longings of your immortal soul
with the husks of an empty jirofession, re-
member, I beseech you, your J'\ither's house,
where there is bread enough, and to spare.
Humble yourselves to him, and He will open
to you the arms of his mercy, and clothe you
with the robes of his own righteousness, re-
joicing over you in his love. Who can with-
stand such unutterable love and boundless con-
descension to poor fallen man, or turn away
from his reproofs. While you have light be-
lieve in the light, that you may be the chil-
dren of light, and not walk in darkness, but
may know the works of darkness made man-
ifest, and your feet safely planted on the im-
mutable rock, Christ Jesus; that when the
tempest beats upon your dwelling, your build-
ing may stand ; for a day of trial is at hand,
and our foundations will be tried; the chaff
will be blown to the wind, and those who are
not safely built on the immutable Eock, will
not stand before the tempest. Youth is the
time for an acceptable sacrifice. Trust not to
a death-bed repentance. Close in with the
offers of redeeming mercy. The visitations
of Divine m&vcy are not at oxir command. Then
if the summons comes in youth, j'ou will be
found ready, and j-our example may incite
others to seek for the same blessed hope,
which will ever jirove as an anchor to the
soul, both sure and steadfast. And if you are
spared to old age, you may be enabled to glo-
rify Him on earth, and be gathered home in
due season, as a shock of corn fully ripe.
Ohio, the 30th of 3d mo., 1874.
there were only two million and a half acres
untier culture, there are now at least five
millions. The peasants are busily employed
in clearing and ploughing the land. In one
instance I saw what I do not remember to
have remarked before — a camel drawing the
plough, (freen crops of various kinds aro
growing luxuriantly, and it is pleasing to see
the animals — -Idack cattle, asses, sheep and
goats — grazing in the rich pasture without
stint. Trees not onl}- line the road on both
sides, hut have been planted so extensively
that many parts of the country have the ap-
pearance of being well wooded. Altogether
the run across the Delta on a lovely, cool but
sunny day, was most delightful ; and I am
not in the least exaggerating when I say that
I was often inclined to doubt whether I could
really be in Egypt. The sight here and there
of tall factory chimneys rising out of the
midst of the villages, or from among the trees,
tended to increase the illusion. The fact is,
that Egypt, though geograpbicall)- forming a
part of Africa, is rapidly a'^similating herself
to Europe, of which she desires to he regard-
ed as a member.
If the changes in the agricultural districts
and in the climate of Egypt have been great,
those in and about the capital of the country
are not less so. The Khedive seems deter-
mined to make Cairo the Paris of the Levant.
The western portion of the city is being al-
most entirely rebuilt, and extensively enlarg-
ed in the direction of the Nile, whilst new
streets are being opened through the other
quarters. But on this subject 1 need not di-
late. It is only to be hoped that in his zeal
to modernize and Europeanize Cairo, the Vice-
roy will not deprive it of its Oriental charac-
ter, which constitutes its great charm and at-
traction."
When quite young, I learned the rules, and
was very fond of what is called Sacred Music,
sparing no pains to attend school for that pur-
pose, and the prayer of my heart to be directed
aright, regarding worship, seemed to receive
the" first intelligible answer by the way of re-
proof. In this exercise, and when at the head
of a choir of singers, words have occurred that
through the enlightening influence of heaven-
ly goodness (which bad long been operating
on my mind) appeared evidently inconsistent
with my own state. I have often, to be un-
observed by the company, kept the tune along,
while I feared that taking the words into my
mouth and uttering them as worship, to Him
who requires worship of his creature man, in
spirit and in truth, could be nothing short of
solemn mockeiy from the mind which had
been so far enlightened as to believe that noth-
286
THE FRIEND.
le siirroundir'!
ing could be acceptable worship to Almighty
God but what came from Him and through
the medium of his own Spirit, breathed out
to Him again as the spirit should dictate,
whether in prayer or in praises to his Great
Name. — Extract from a Testimony of Edward
Cobb.
Artesian Wells.
The province of Artois, France, known in
ancient times as Artesium, gave to artesian
wells their name. But Artois has not this
honor because such wells were first sunk
within its borders. They were known in
very remote times, and some which are now
in active operation, date from far back into
antiquity. The Chinese claim that they were
the first to procure water by this means, and
it is true that such wells are to be found in
extraordinarily large numbers throughout the
Chinese. Empire. It is said that in the pro-
vince of OuTongKiao, which is about thirty
miles long and twelve wide, thousands of ar
tesian woUs exist, sonic of them reaching to
the depth of two thousand feet. They are
found now in all parts of the civilized world;
and since science has been brought into use for
the purpose of determining where they can be
sunk with successful results, a vast amount of
good has been accomplished through their in-
strumentality.
The most striking instance of this is sup-
plied by the operation of French engineers in
Algeria. vSome time after the French govern-
ment had obtained supremacy' in tliat country,
an effort was made to sink wells in the deserts,
with the hope that barren bmds might be
made fruitful and the waste places habitable.
In 1856 operations were begun in a spot in the
Sahara, in the province of Constantine. After
a considerable amount of exertion the engi-
neer in charge succeeded in striking water,
which came to the surface and overflowed at
the rate of one thousand gallons a minute.
The natives considered the feat miraculous,
and they came in troops of thousands to see
the wonderful stream, and to lave in it and
drink of it. The Arab priests performed re-
ligious ceremonies over it and blessed it, and
it was known among the people as the Foun-
tain of Peace.
Other wells were subsequently sunk at dif-
ferent places with equally satisfactory result.
One of these, in the oasis of Sidi Eachid, was
put down to the depth of 54 metres, and gave
a continual flow of nearly twelve hundred
gallons a minute. The inhabitants of the
place had suffered much from want of water,
and they were frantic with joy as they be-
held the abundant stream. They rolled in
the pellucid water, shouting and screaming;
mothers dipping their children in it, and the
aged sheikh of the tribe fell upon his icnees
and returned thanks to Allah and to the men
who had achieved the work. Around these
wells, which were placed in scores of spots in
the desert, villages sprang up ; and the ground
having acquired fertility from the abundant
moisture, wandering Arabs, who never before
tilled the earth, settled down, and became
better and more useful men than they had
ever been. The artesian well in these cases
became a civilizing agent of incalculable im-
portance, and the wise foresight of the French
government was richlj^ rewarded.
These wells abound in England, particularly
in London and the vicinity. In Trafalgar
Square they supply ornamental fountains
from boring 393 feet in depth. In 1871 the
total quantity of water obtained from these
sources in the city, amounted to more than
fifteen million gallons daily. In the neigh-
borhood of Vicuna also wells of this kind are
found in large numbers, and some of them
have been used for centuries. The most
famous one in all Europe, is that of Grenelle,
in the suburbs of Paris.- The water rises
in tubing from a depth of 1798 feet at the
rate of 518 gallons every minute, and is ex-
pelled from the mouth with such violence
that it makes a column thirty-two feet in
heitiht. The water, like that in Trafalgar
Square fountain has a warm temperature. At
Grenelle it reaches 82 degrees Fahrenheit.
There are other celebrated wells in France,
among them one at Lillers, which has been
in operation since the year 1126.
Artesian wells are quite common in this coun-
try, and there are many in the city of Phila-
delphia, where the water is used almost exclu-
sivelj' for manufacturing purposes. There is
one at the Continental Hotel in that city, which
furnishes a constant supply for the boilers, and
in various factories and mills ; others give to
the proprietors as much water as is needed in
their establishments. The deepest well in
the world is in St. Louis. It was sunk by the
owners of a large sugar refinery at an enor-
mous cost, and after several years of labor.
The work was begun in 1849 and completed
in 1854, when water was reached at the depth
of 2,199 feet. The supply is about seventy-
five gallons a minute, and the temperature is
73 degrees. The water, however, is hardlj'
fit for use. as it is so strongly impregnated
with sulphuretted hydrogen as to be ex-
tremely offensive.
In years past an impression prevailed very
generally that water could be procured by
sinking a shaft in the earth at almost any
point. A vast amount of fruitless labor and
useless expense was the result of this belief
But now science has advanced so far that men
are able to tell with almost unerringcertainty
whether water can be obtained in any given
place by such agencies. A peculiar geologi-
cal formation, and a certain relative position
for the well, are the pre-requi.sites for suc-
cess. Water finds its way from the surface
of the earth to the interior, through crevices
and chasms in the rocks, and through the
rocks themselves when they are porous. In
nearly all geological formations there are cer-
tain strata, often far down, which arc water
tight, and these form the beds of subterra-
nean streams. As the water passes down
from above, it forces the streams along, and
they either burst forth in springs or remain
locked in huge reservoirs. When a well is
sunk until it strikes one of these or hits a
rapid current, the pressure drives the water
to the surface, exactly as in our cities the fluid
in the storage reservoirs is forced into our
bathrooms and bed chambers. The geysers
of Iceland and of the Yellowstone Valley are
attributable in part to the same agencies.
They come from natural artesian wells, pro-
bably of vast depth, for the water in man}-
cases is ejected at boiling heat. Steam, as well
as hydrostatic pressure, is often the power
that operates these extraordinary fountains.
The oil wells in the north-western portion of
this Slate are artesian wells sunk into the
subterranean chambers in which the petro-
leum has collected.
An artesian well, to be successful must be
placed in a spot lower than the
country. The elevation may be distant man!
miles ; but if the strata of rocks trend froili:
the higher point to the lower, water almoi'
certainly will be obtained. The supply eom('
from the upland, and finds its channel b'
tween the strata, pouring down until it reachi
the aperture, through which it again rises I
the surface.
There are considerable differences in tli
dimensions of the bores of artesian well;
The diameter of the hole varies in differei
cases from four inches to twenty. The mod
of boring is peculiar and interesting. Tb
process is conducted with augers or drill'f
attached to the end of an iron rod, and thi
connects with screws to another rod, and s
on to any length required. To the upper en
of the rod a transverse handle is attached, b'
which the instruiiient is partly turned roun
by two men each time it is raised and dro}
ped. The cutting edge of the auger or dri
thus chips a fresh line across the bottom t
the hole at each blow. The blow is given b;
the rod falling by its own weight after it i
lifted a few inches. The lifting is done by th '
men at the transverse bar, helped by anothe
man at a higher point, who moves a Ion; '
horizontal pole, one end of which is securei
in a heap of stones, while the rod is coujilci
to the center of the pole by a stout rope or ;
chain. The elastic up-spriugof the pole lif'tr '
the boring rod, the latter is turned half roun(''
by the men at the handle, the pole is pullec
down, and the rod strikes again into the hole
The borer, of course, increases in weigh; i
as additions are made to its length, andsoj
eventually, other machineiy is used to lift it'"
Sometimes there is a windlass with a ropi'
coiled around it. When the rod is lifted it'
this manner, the rope is suddenly loosenec'i
and the borer descends. But even this wil
not do when great depths are reached, and ma
chinery is worked by horse-power for the pui"*
pose. At the well of Grenelle eight horset'
were hardly able to pull out the rod when thi
well was sunk far down into the earth. Ai'
the boring proceeds it is generally necessary
to protect the sides of the well from cavinyl
in, with iron tubes, which are sent down ont'
on another in lengths of half a dozen feet'
one screwing to another, or attached togethei'
by a kind of collar. If it is required to use
a second set of those tubes at a lower depth,,
they must be of smaller diameter, so that thej'
may go through the first set. There is avasi
variety of instruments for enlarging the hole
lifting out the material accumulated by the
cuttings, and removing broken drills, tubes,
i&c, and for breaking up the instruuientf
themselves when they become loose and drop
in. I
The very slow progress of the work is at-i
tributable to the time required for drawing
out the whole length of the rods to discharge
the ground- up fragments which collect in the
bottom of the well. This must be done every
few inches sunk ; and as the work was for-
merly conducted, it was necessary, after draw-
ing out all the rods, to send them down again
with a cylindrical spoon to gather up the fine
fragments. The Chinese have improved upoa
this, and their more simple and easy process
has been adopted to some extent in other
countries. Instead of using rods to sink the
wells, the Chinese suspend the cutting drill,
which is attached to a heavy metallic rod, by
a chain that passes over a wheel. Around
THE FRIEND.
287
e <lrill is a cylindrical cliaiiiber, which by
aiis of simple valves, takes up and holds
f luoken ti-ajfrnenls. As the chain is raised
I (licpped, it gives by its tension a turn to
I' lirill, causing it to vary its position at
• rx stroke. When the cylinder requires to
! ilischarged, it is readily wound up on a
inliass. — Late Paper.
Reputed Site of Babel. — G. M. Gordon, writ-
),' in the Church .Missionarj' Intelligencer,
1US describes the reputed site of the Tower
( JJabel : A high mound is surmounted by a
lined and untinished tower of brick, the
■ iiiiiiit of which is 235 feet above the plain.
,1 ixaminatiou of the mound shows that it
d composed of the same elements as the
II Kinds of Babj-lon — masses of brick and rub-
Idi, interspersed with broken pottery. These
licks are all of them inscribed on one side
Mil cuneiform characters. The cuneiform
ithe ancient Assyrian, and is supposed to be
I.' oldest in the written language in the
\)rld. One side, where excavations have
len made, you may see walls of brick aacend-
i; tier above tier with masterly ambition,
(i another, all is convulsion and disturbance
-hui^e masses of brickwork, rent and over-
Irued, yet so solid in their ruin that it is
i-iiT to pulverize the brick than to separate
jiruni the mortar. One of these blocks has
J led bodily to the foot of the mound. Others
%i vitritied or fused by a process which can
I none other than electricity or tire. Curi
(sly enough the Arabs have a tradition that
i had been destroyed by fire from heaven.
' 10 >ides of the mound are pierced with holes
id ^trewn with bones, which plainly indicate
te lairs of wild beasts. The view from the
emmit at sunrise is distant and varied. The
{ lad sheet of the Euphrates winds for many
•anile, till lost in the distance in a "sea-like
jiiu." It is difficult to resist the conviction
tit Birs Nimrod is the Tower of Babel, the
olest ruin in the world. There are those
^lo (like Mr. Rich) believe it to be the Tower
c Belus, and regard it as a part of the ruin
cBabylon, but I prefer to hold the older tra-
d.ion. And surely it is when standing on
pund like this that the language of Scrip-
t'e acquires a vividness and reality which
rvards the toil of patient investigation, and
iiikes the privations of travel forgotten ; and
SFoice seems to breathe from the resting
jice of the jirophets beside these might rivers
Mich is daily more heard and felt rebuking
t:3 sneer of the scoffer and the skeptic.
An Adventure with a Lion.
The recent confirmation of the death of Dr.
Ivingstone, the distinguished African ex-
jirer, calls to mind his perilous adventure
\th a lion in South Africa. The circum-
8, nee is thus related in his travels:
i' Returning toward Kuruman 1 selected
t) beautiful valley of Mabotsa (lat. 25° 14'
6uth, long. 26^ 30') as the site of a mission-
»'7 Station, and thither I removed in 1843.
lire an occurrence took place concerning
■Viich I have frequently been questioned in
1 gland, and which but for the importunities
c friends, I meant to have kept in store to
tl my children when in my dotage. The
ikatia of the village were much troubled
I lions, which leaped into the cattle pens by
tjht, and destroyed their cows. They even
« acked the herds in open-day. This was so
c usual an occurrence that the people believed
they were bewitched, — 'given,' as they said,
'into the power of the lions by a neigbboring
tribe.' They went once to attack the ani-
mals; but, being a rather cowardly people,
compared to Bechuanas in general on such
occasions, they returned without killing any.
It is well known that if one of a troop of
lions is killed, the others take the hint and
leave that part of the country. So, the next
time the herds were attacked, I wont with I
the people, in order to encourage them to rid
themselves of the annoyance by tlestroj-ing
one of the marauders. Wo found the lions on
a small hill about a quarter of a mile in length,
and covered with trees. A circle of men was
formed round it, and they gradually closed up, j
ascending pretty near to each other. Being
down below in the jjlain with a native school
master, named Mebalwe, a most excellent
man, I saw one of the lions sitting on a piece
of rock within the now closed circle of men.
Mebalwe fired at him before I could, and the
ball struck the rock on which the animal was
sitting. He bit at the spot struck, as a dog
does at a stick or stone thrown at him ; then
bounding awaj', broke through the opening
circle and escaped unhurt. The men were
afraid to attack him, perhaps on account of
their belief in witchcraft. When the circle
was reformed, we saw two other lions in it;
but we were afraii^ to fire lest we should strike
the men, and they allowed the beasts to burst
through also. If the Bakatla had acted ac-
cording to the custom of the country, they
would have speared the lions in their attempt
to get out. Seeing we could not get them to
kill one of the lions, we bent our footsteps
toward the village ; in going round the end of
the hill, however, I saw one of the lions sit-
ting on ajiieceof rock as before, but this time
he had a little bush in front. Being about
thirty yards oft", I took a good aim at his body
through the bush, and fired both barrels in,.o
it. The men then called out, ' He is shot! he
is shot!' Others cried, 'He has been shot by
another man too; let us go to him!' 1 did
not see any one else shoot at him, but I saw
the lion's tail erected in anger behind the butrh,
and turning to the people said, 'Stop a little
and load again.' When in the act of ramming
down the buUetSj I heard a shout. Starting,
and looking half round, I saw the lion just in
the act of springing upon me. I was upon a
little height; he caught my shoulder as he
sprang, and we both came to the ground be-
low together. Growling horribly close to my
ear, he shook me as a terrier dog does a rat.
the shock produced a stupor similar to that
which seems to bo felt by a mouse after the
first shake of the cat. It caused a sort ot
dreaminess, in which there was no sense of
pain nor feeling of terror, though quite con-
scious of all that was happening. It was like
what patients partially under the influence
of chloroform describe, who see all the opera-
tion, but do not feel the knife. This singular
condition was not the result of any mental
process. The shake annihilated fear, and al-
lowed no sense of horror in looking round at
the beast. This peculiar state is probably
produced in all auimals killed by the car-
nivora; and if so, is a merciful provision hy
our benevolent Creator for lessening the pain
of death. Turning round to relieve myself of
the weight, as he had one paw on the back of
my head, I saw his eyes directed to Mebalwe,
who was trying to shoot him at a distance of
ten or fifteen yards. His gun, a flint one
missed fire in both barrels ; the lion imme-
diately left me, and, attacking Mebalwe, bit
his thigh. Another man, whose lile 1 had
saved after he had been tossed by a bult'alo,
attempted to spear the lion while he was
biting Mebalwe. He left Mebalwe ami caught
this man by the shoulder, but at that moment
the bullets ho had received took eflect, and
he fell down dead. The whole was the work
of a few moments, and must have been his
paroxysms of d3Miig rage. In order to take
out the charm from him, the people on the
following daj' made a huge bonfire over the
carcass, which was declared to be that of tho
largest lion they had ever seen. Besides
crunching the bone into splinters, he left
eleven teeth wounds on the upper part of my
arm.
A wound from this animal's tooth resembles
a gun-sliot wound ; it is generall3' followed by
a great deal of sloughing and discharge, and
and pains are felt in the part periodically ever
afterward. I had on a tartan jacket on the
occasion, and I believe that it wiped ofl" all
the virus from the teeth that pierced my
flesh, for my two comiianions in the affray
have both suft'ei'cd from the peculiar pains,
while I have escaped with onl)' the inconveni-
ence of a false joint in my limb."
Selected.
A Friend of Lancashire spoke a few words
in the ministry with which I had unity. He
was formerly sailing master of a frigate, in
the time of the American War, but was now
an acknowledged minister; keeps a school for
a livelihood ; and he and his wife walked up
to the Yearly Meeting, Loudon, nearly three
hundred miles, as did also another minister of
Cumberland, who is in the station of a ser-
vant. Several others walked from fifty to
one hundred and filly miles. — Journal of Wil-
liam Savery. 1798.
Loons Under Water. — Passing up a small
baj' that opened beyond a narrow inlet, we
saw a female loon with a little one hiding be-
hind her, and our curiosity to see more of the
little family induced us to reel in our lines
and paddle toward them. As we slowly ap-
proached them, the anxiety of the mother
was reall}' touching. She swam alertly about,
seeking in vain to hasten the little one to-
ward the concealment of some friendly sedges,
and coaxed and pushed it by turn, becoming
each moment more alarmed. As the distance
between us lessened, she became the victim
of fear herself, and as equally solicitous for her
fondling, expressing it by diving hurriedly
and coming up, rising half upon wing and
dropping again, and with every air of intense
maternal anxiety. We continued neaiing
them, until it was evident that the little con-
voy would not reach the reeds before us,
when, with a desperate plunge, the old bird
went under, and in a moment went by our
boat, seeking the open pond by tho narrow
and shallow outlet we wer^ in. The depth
was not sufficient to conceal her, and for a
few rods her rapid course was plainly discern-
ible. Her form was as straight as possible,
making her as sharp as a cigar steamer, and
her feet did not seem to be used unless for
steering. Her motion, as rapid almost as the
eye could follow, was derived from her wings,
and probably from the upward and downward
stroke, like sculling. 'They were powerful,
indeed, inspired by fear, and in a moment the
288
THE FRIEND.
i, i^
dark form was gone like a shadow, seen only
long enough to impress us with wonder and
surprise at this use of the wings under the
water, and at the result.
The little loony remained like a ball of grey
down, reposing lightly on the water, and was
not at all impressed with instinctive or imita-
tive fear of us. It swam rather to the boat,
and was not unwilling to be closely admired ;
in fact, it so freely accepted our complimen-
tary criticism that when after carefully stu-
dying it, we rowed away, it swam in the eddy
under the stern until it was dislodged and left
behind.
We were not long gone when the fond
mother rejoined it, when her demonstrations
of delight were as unmistakable as her former
distress. — Forest and Stream.
THE FRIEND.
FOURTH MONTH 25. 1874.
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
FOREION. — Sir Stiitfurd Northcote, Chancellor of the
Exchequer, has submitted the annual budget to Parlia-
ment. The total gross revenue of the United Kingdom
for the year ending 3d mo. 31st, 1874, has been £77,-
375,000, and the expenditures for the san)e period
X76,456,000. The expenses include the Geneva award
but not the expenses of the Ashantee war. The Chan-
cellor proposes to reduce the income tax one penny on
the pound, and to abolish the duties on sugar after 5th
mo. 1st.
A resolution for the abolition of the sugar duties was
immediately moved and passed in the House of Comt
mons.
The Queen has sent a message to the House of Com-
mons recommending a grant of £25,000 to General
Wolseley.
A terrific explosion occurred on the 15th, in a coal
mine at Dunkinfield, Lancashire, by which 53 persons
were killed. One hundred men who were left in the
mine alive after the explosion, were all rescued, but
some of them were badjy injured. The disaster is said
to have been caused by the use of naked liglits.
The English navy in commission on the first ult.,
comprised 240 ships, carrying 1737 guns, and manned
by 25,170 officers and men, 5981 marines and 2801 boys.
The Atlantic cable of 1866, ceased working during a
hurricane off the coast of Ireland, the 14th inst. There
are still two cables in good working order. The fault
in the cable is believed to be in shallow water only about
twenty-five miles from Valentia.
The French Transatlantic Steamship Company has
met with another heavy loss. The Ville du Havre
went down last winter, the Euroi)e a few weleks since,
and now the Amerique is lost. The fcist named steamer
is said to have foundered during a storm on the 14th
inst., off' the coast of Brittany, 26 miles from Brest.
The passengers and crew were rescued by English,
Norwegian, and Italian vessels which were in the
vicinity, and only one person, the second officer, was
drowned. The Amerique was 410 feet in length, and
registered 4500 tons. She was insured in France for
$600,000.
Placards are posted up in the agricultural districts of
England, cautioning intended emigrants to the United
States, and stating on the authority of the British con-
sul at New York, that 40,000 hands are ready to return
to England.
A London dispatch of the 17th says, a terrifie gale
has raged in the English channel during the whole of
the last three days. Many ships have been wrecked,
and all on board lost.
A Berlin dispatch of the 14th savs : The Reichstag,
by a majority of 78, has voted in fa'vor of the compro-
mise amendments to the army bill. In the cour.se of
the debate General Moltke said, in consequence of the
threats of revenge it was necessary to keep one hand
on the sword. Disarmament would mean war.
The trial of Archbishop Ledochowski, of Posen, for
a violation of llie ecclesiastical laws, resulted in a con-
viction, and he has been sentenced in contumacium to
dismissal from his see. No appeal from this judgment
will be allowed.
A Vienna dispatch of the 14th says: John Jay, {
American Minister, and his son-in-law, General Schwel- j
nitz, the German Arabasador, will leave here on thei
2Uth inst. for the United States. |
The Austrian bishops have published a manifesto
signed by thirty-two of their number, in which they
deny that the State has tbe right of interfering in re-'
ligious affairs, and describe the new ecclesiastical bills
as tyrannical measures.
The Smyrna Bulletin states that priests belonging to
the order of St. Lazarus and Jesuits, are taking refuge
in Turkey, whither they are emigrating in large num-
bers.
The decision of the International Commission in re-
lation to the tolls on the Suez Canal, was very unsatis-
factory to De Lesseps, and lie threatened in consequence
to close the canal. The French government, however,
advi.ses submission, and the Porte has authorized the
Khedive of Egypt to keep the Suez Canal in working
order, should De Lesseps persist in his unwillingness
to abide by the decision of the Commission.
Dispatches from Plymouth, Eng., of the 19th and
20th inst., report that the French steamship Amerique,
which was considered lost, has been rescued. On the
loth inst. she was discovered by the steamers vSpray
and F. T. Barry, drifting in tbe trough of the sea with
six or eight feet of water in her engine room, stoke hole
and bunkers, the other compartments of the ship were
dry. The pumps on the Amerique were set at work,
and the two steamers towed her into Plymouth harbor.
On the 20th she was free from water, and it wag ex-
pected that nearly all tbe cargo would be saved.
Captain Rousseau, of the Amerique, in his official
report of the disaster, says that his ship sprung a leak
in a gale on the 13th, and despite all efforts the water
continued to gain and extinguished the furnace fires,
one after the other. The following day, when the
danger of her sinking became evident, a consultation of
lier officers was held, and it was decided to abandon
her immediately.
The funeral of Dr. Livingstone took place on the 18th
inst., in Westminster Abbey, and was largely attended.
Dr. Livingstone's grave is near that of Stephenson, the
celebrated engineer.
Dr. Kenealey has applied to the Court of Queen's
Bench for a new trial for Orton, the Tichborne claim-
ant, on the grounds of Lord Chief Justice Cockburn's
instruction to tbe jury and interference with testimony,
and tliat the verdict was contrary to the evidence. The
application was refused as to Lord Chief Justice Cock-
burn's conduct, and a decision on the other points is
held in reserve.
A Madrid dispatch of the 19th says. The army in
the north has been heavily re-inforced, and now num-
bers 40,000 men with 70 pieces of artillery. General
Concha has assumed command of one corps of Serrano's
army. Active operations had been suspended on ac-
count of stormy weather, but were resumed on the 18th
inst.
United States. — Miscdlaneous. — During the quarter
ending 3d mo. 3Lst, 1874, there arrived at the port of
New York 15,726 passengers, of whom 11,813 were im-
migrants, consisting of M05 males and 3,908 females.
Tbe U. S. House of Iwjjresentatives has passed a bill
authorizing the free circulation through the mails of all
newspapers in the county wherein published.
The House has also passed the Senate bill increasing
the issue of U. S. legal tender notes to $400,000,000,
and a currency bill authorizing $46,000,000 extra circu-
lation of National Bank notes. The total action allows
§400,000,000 greenbacks and $400,000,000 bank notes,
exclusive of $47,000,000 fractional currency.
A S30,000,000 mortgage has just been recorded in
New Y'ork, made by the Farmers' Loan and Trust Com-
pany as trustees of the real estate, franchises, etc., of
the Erie Railway, to secure the second mortgage con-
solidated bonds.
The Bangor Whig says that the amount of shipping
under contract to be built in Maine the present year, is
estimated at 130,000 tons, or about 50 per cent, more
than last year, the only drawback being the scarcity of
laborers and increased wages, which may prevent the
fulfilment of some contracts.
Nine thousand five hundred and fifty-seven persons
died in Chicago during the last year — a decrease in the
percentage over the year before.
On the 17th inst. Wm. B. Washburne was elected by
the Legislature of Massachusetts, United States Senator
to fill the vacancy occasioned by the death of Charles
Sumner. On the thirty-third ballot he received 151
votes of 267 cast.
The deaths in New York city last week numbered
010.
The Markets, <fec. — The following were the quotations
in the 18th inst. New York. — American gold,
U. S. sixes, 1881, Beg. llOg ; Coupons 121-]; d
1867, coupons, 120} ; clitto, 5 per cents, 114J
Superfine flour, $5.90 a $6.25; State extra, ;6.6';
$6.58 ; finer brands, $7 a $10.40. No. 1 Chicago spi i
wheat, $1.65; No. 2 do., $1.57 a $1.59; red wesfii]
$1.70; white Michigan, $1.80. Oats, 61 a 66
Western mixed corn, old, 88 a 90 cts. ; new, 86 a 88
white, 90 a 91 cts. Philadelphia. — Uplands and Jj
Orleans, cotton, 17i a 18 cts. Superfine flour, $5.i: i
$5.75 ; extras, $6 a $6..50 ; finer brands, i-7 a $10 ij
Western red wheat, $1.65 a $1.72 ; Penna. red, SI;
a $1.80; white wheat, $1.90 a $1.95; No. 2 sprd
wheat, $1.50. Rye, >;1.03. Yellow corn, 89 a 90
Oats, 00 a 65 cts. Cincinnati. — Wheat, $1.40 ail.
Corn, 68 a 70 cts. Oats, 47 a 56 cts. Rye, $1.
Spring barley, $1.55. Lard, 9j a 10 cts. Chicago
No. 1 spring'wheat, $1.32 ; No. 2 do., $1.26; No. 3 (
$1.21. Corn, 64] cts. No. 2 oats, 45J cts. St. Lo.
—No. 3 red fall wheat, $1.43; No. 2 sp'ring, $1.09.
2 corn, 67 cts. Oats, 49 a 50 cts.
1
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
The Summer Session of the .School will comme
on Second-day the 4th of Fifth month.
Pupils who have been regularly entered and whod
by tbe cars from Philadelphia, can obtain tickets i
the depot of the West Chester and Philadelphia R. ,
road, corner of Thirty-first and Chestnut streets, ti
giving their names to the Ticket-agent there, whca
furnished with a list of the pupils for that purpo.se. i
such case the passage, including the stage fare from e
Railroad Station, will be charged at the School, tod
paid for with tbe other incidental charges at the cl 3
of the term. Tickets can also be procured of the Tr -
surer, 304 Arch St. Conveyances will be at the StrI;I]
Road Station on Second and Third-days, the 4tli : 1
5th of the month, to meet the trains that leave Phi ■
delphia at 7.50 and 10 A. M., and 12.10 and 2.30 p. M
J6fe^ Baggage may be left either at Thirty-first a ]
Chestnut streets or at Eighteenth and Market. If ?'(
at the latter place, it must be put under the cart I
H. Alexander & Sons, who will convey it thencei]
Thirty-first and Chestnut at a charge of 10 cents |
trunk, to be paid to them. Those who prefer can h;e
their baggage sent for to any place in the built-up p ,
of the City, by sending word on the day previd
(through the post-office or otherwise) to H. Alexami
& Sons, N. E. corner of 18th and Market Sts. Th
charge in such case for taking baggage to Thirty-fit
and Chestnut streets, will be 25 cents per trunk. 1 r
the same charge they will also collect baggage from 1 .
other railroad depots, if the checks are left at their ull
corner of 18th and Market Sts. Baggage put niiu
their care, if properly marked, will not require any ■
tention from the owners, either at the West Philad'
phia depot, or at the Street Road Station, but will ;
forwarded direct to the School. It may not always h
on the same train as the owner, but it will go on Ife
8-ime day, provided the notice to H. Alexander & S<6
reaches them in time. 1
During the Session, passengers for the School \i\
be met at the Street Road Station, on the arrival of t*
first train from the City, every day except First-dav)
and small packages for the pupils, if left at Frien.,'
Book Store, No. 304 .•^rch street, will be forwardl
every Sixth -day at 12 o'clock, and the expense charg .
in their bills.
Fourth month 20th, 1874.
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE, j
Near Frankford, ( Twenty-third Ward, ) Philadelphkij
Physician and Superintendent — Joshua H. Wort
inoton, M. D.
Applications for the Admission of Patients may \
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Board'
Managers. I
Died, on the 12th of Second month last, at his rei
dence, West Grove, Chester Co., Pa., Thomas Conab
in the 67th year of his age. The deceased was a I
loved and n.seful member and overseer of New Gardi'
Monthly Meeting, being one of those who desire tb
all the principles and testimonies of our religious S
ciety should be fiithfully maintained. He felt a live
interest in the right education of the youth, and e
deavored in various w.ays to promote the welfitreof li
fellow-creatures. Trusting in the mercy of our B]
deemer, his end was calm and peaceful. '
WILLIAM H. PILE, PRINTE
No. 422 Walnut Street.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. 2LVII.
SEVENTH-DAY, FIFTH MONTH 2, 1874.
NO. 37.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
'rice Two Dollars per anuuoi, if paid in advance. Two
dollars and fifty cents, if not paid in advance.
ISabscriptiooa and Paymente receiTed by
JOHN S. STOKES
AT KO. 116 XORTH POURTU STREET, UP STAIRS,
PHILADSIiFHIA.
I'ostage, when paid quarterly in advance, five cent.s.
For " The Friend."
Earnest Zeal— John Banks.
Truly there is great need in the present
ay, of more earnest zeal in spreading the
:ing'Jom of our Redeemer in the earth. What
luliitude.s there are (and the number appear.s
J be rapidly increasing) who deny, or explain
way as the natural workings of the mind, all
evealed religion. And among the professors
f Christianity, how great a want of so living
8 becomes the self-denying disciples of Christ;
nd how deficientare many in that earnestcon-
ern for thomsidves, and that loving anxiety
)r the salvation of others, which would lead
betn to labor and to pray for those who arc
1 danger of walking in the broad way that
lads to destruction !
"Who are there among us, of whom such a
JSlimony could truly be borne, as was given
f that worthy minister, John Banks, who
as one of the early members of our Society
the north of England? His friends have
jcorded of him that ''he laljored night and
ay for the gathering of people to God, and
ir the settling of those who were gathered."
e was "an incessant laborer in the Lord's
ork, both in body and mind ; rising up early
ad lying down late, and freely given up to
)end and be spent." " Such was his concern
r the Gospel, that he did not spare himself
I promote the truth : be was zeahus against
lukewarm spirit, warning Friends, both by
)ctrine and example, to beware thereof;
ten reminding the young people of that fer-
3nt love which was among the brethren in
le beginning." It is not given to us of this
ly, as it was to him, not oul}- to believe, but
suffer for the testimony of God; in which,
is'stated, "he was preserved firm and true,
■ the strip])ing of his goods by the Con-
'■nticle act, public sale being made of what
i! had; yet the Lord bore him up over all,
at he was as one of the stakes of Zion, that
' uld not be moved. He was afterwards in
vison at Carlisle for his testimony; yet re-j
ined his integrity and stond faithful, and
'e Lord was with him, and gave him courage:
liU to stand firm in his testimony against!
'.hes and hireling priests, not only in word,
I I in deed and in truth."
It may prove instructive and profitable to
Uce the process by which this worthy man
was prepared thus to stand forth as a noble
advocate of the Lord's cause, and to be made
the instrument in his day of turning many to
righteousness. In his journal, he thus de-
scribes his own religious experience: "1 was
put to school when 1 was seven years of age
and kept there until T was fourteen ; in which
time i learned both English and Latin, and
could write well. When I was fourteen years
of age, mj- ftither put me to teach school one
year at Dissington ; and after that at Mosser
Chapel near Pardshaw, where I read the
Scriptures to people who came there on the
first day of the week, and the homily, as it is
Called, and also sung psalms and prayed. I
had no liking to the practice; but my father,
with other people, persuaded me to it.
"For this service my wages from the peo-
ple was to be twelve pence a year from every
house, of those who came there to hear me,
and a fleece of wool, and my table free, be-
sides twelve pence a quarter for every scholar
I had, being twenty-four. This chapel is
called a chapel of ease, the parish steeple-
house being some miles off. Amongst the rest
of the people who were indifferent where they
went for worship, came one John Fletcher, a
great scholar, but a drunken man ; and he
called me aside one day, and said, ' I read
very well for a youth ; but I did not pray in
form, as others used to do,' and that ho would
teach me how to pray; and send it me in a
letter, which he did.
"When it came, I went out of the chapel
and read it ; and when I had done, I was con-
vinced of the evil thereof, by the light of the
Lord Jesus, which immediately opened to me
the words of the apostle Paul concerning the
Gospel he had to preach, that he had it not
from man, neither was he taught it, but by
the revelation of Jesus Christ. In answer to
which it rose in me: 'But thou hast this
prayer from man, and art taught it by man
and he one of the worst of many.' So the
dread of the Lord fell upon me, with which I
was struck to my verj' heart, and I said in
myself, I shall never pray on this wise. It
opened in me, Go to the meeting of the people
in scorn called (Quakers, for they are the peo-
ple of God : and so I did the next First-day
after, which was at Pardshaw.
"This being before the end of the year,
when I was to receive wages of the people for
such service as I did, I could take none of
them, being convinced of the evil thereof; nor
did I ever read any more at the chapel.
" When about sixteen years of ago, in the
Tenth month, lC5i, it pleased the Lord to
reach to my heart and conscience, by his pure
living Spirit, in the blessed appearance thereof
in and through Jesus Christ; whereby I re-
ceived the knowledge of God, and the way of
his blessed truth, by myself alone in the field,
before I ever heard any one called a Quaker,
preach; and before I was at any of their j
meetings. But the first day that I went to
one, which was at Pardshaw, as aforesaid,
the Lord's power so seized upon mo in the
meeting, that I was made to cr3- out in tho
bitterness of ni}- soul, in a true eight and sense
of my sins, which appeared exceeding sinful :
and the same day, as 1 was going to an even-
ing meeting of God's p'^ople, scornfullj' called
Quakers, by the way, I was smitten to the
ground with the weight of God's judgment for
sin and iniquity which fell heavy upon me,
and I was takrn up by two Friends. Oh I the
godly sorrow that took hold of me that night
in the meeting; so that I thought in myself
every one's condition was better than mine."
" I may say, its a true witness for God, and
tho sufficiency of his power and quickening
spirit, I did not only come to be convinced by
the living appearance of the Lord Jesus, of
the vanity, sin, and wickedness which the
world lies in, and that I was partaker thereof;
but by taking heed thereto, through watchful-
ness and fear, I came to be sensible of the
work thereof in my heart, in order to subdue
and bring down the wild nature in me, and to
wash and cleanse me from sin and corruption,
that I might be changed and converted. But
before I came to witness this work effected,
oh the days and ni-ghts of godly sorrow and
spiritual pain I travelled through for some
years!"
" Waiting diligentlj- in the light, and keep-
ing close to the power of God, which is there-
in received, I came to experience the work
thereof in my heart, in order to effect my
freedom from bondage, which by degrees
went on and pro«pered in me, and so I gained
ground more and more against the enemy of
my soul, through faith in tho power of God ;
without which no victory is obtained.
" M3' prosperity in the truth I always found
was by being faithful to the Lord, in what ho
manifested, though but in small things; un-
faithfulness in which, is the cause of loss and
hurt to many in their growth in the truth."
" I came clearly to see that it was not safe
for me to sit down satisfied with vyhat I had
passed through, or the victory I had already
obtained; but to travel on in faith and pa-
tience, and watch diligently in the light of
.Jesus Christ, where tho true power is still re-
ceived. For notwithstanding the many de-
liverances, and strength, and victory, 1 had
experienced, the Lord, according to the great-
ness of his wisdom, was pleased to make me
sensible of my own weakness, and that there
was no strength to stand, nor place of safety
for me to abide in, but in his power, and under
a sense thereof, I was humbled, bowed, and
laid low.
" Wherefore I took up a godly resolution in
his fear, 'I will rely upon the sufficiency of
thy power, O Lord, for ever.' About six
years after I had received the truth, through
great exercise and godly sorrow, I came to
be settled in the power of God, and made
weighty in my spirit thereby; and had some
openings from the Spirit of Truth, in silent
waiting upon the Lord ; which tended to min-
»rt<J '■■J
THE FRIEND.
ister comfort and satisfaction to my soul, in a
renewed experience of the dealings of the
Lord with me ; and the Lord opened my
rnouth with a testimony in the fresh spring of
life, that I was to give forth to his children
and people.
"Oh ! then a great combat I had through
reasoning, that I was but a child, and others
were more tit and able to speak, than J. But
the Lord, by his power, brought me into wil-
lingness, and with fear and trembling I spoke
in our blessed meetings."
Fnr " The Friend."
The Bcsrt of Africa, by Dr. Schwelnfurth,
[Coutinued from page 2S2. ,
An AdveMure with Bees. — "The dreary
steppe in the neighborhood of Kaka contained
nothing that was worth the trouble of collect-
ing. The dried up remains of vegetation had
been completely annihilated by tire. Accord-
ingly I was anxious to proceed fanher the
same day, that I might botanise in some un-
disturbed spot of the primaeval forest ; my
desire was, iiowever, frustrated by an incident
which I do not even now remember without
11 shudder. At the village the shore, as far as
the eye could reach, forms a treeless steppe ;
but at some little distance the river is again
bordered by a dense forest. A place was soon
reached, where the stream takes a remark-
able bend, and proceeds for eight miles in a
north-easterly direction. This place has the
singular name of Dyoorab-el-Esh, or the sack
of corn. Now, as the north-east wind of
course was adverse to any north-east pro-
gress, it was necessary that the boat should
be towed by the crew. As the'rope was being-
drawn along through the grass on the banks
it happened that it disturbed a swarm of bees.
In a moment, like a great cloud, they burst
upon the men who were dragging; every one
of them threw himself headlong into the water
and hurried to regain the boat. The swarm
followed at their heels, and in a few seconds
filled every nook and cranny of the deck.
What a scene of confusion ensued may readily
be imagined.
Without any foreboding of ill, I was arrang
ing my plants in my cabin, when I heard all
around me a scampering which I took at first
to be merely the frolics of my people, as that
was the order of the day. 1 called out to in
quire the meaning of the noise, but only got
excited gestures and reproachful looks in an-
swer. The cry of 'Bees! bees!' soon broke
upon my ear, and I proceeded to light a pipe.
My attempt was entirely in vain ; in an instant
bees in thousands are about me, and I am
mercilessly stung all over raj' face and hands.
To no purpose do I try to protect my fuce
with a handkerchief, and the more violentlj'
I fling my hands about so much the more vio-
lent becomes the impetuosity of the irritated
insects. The maddening pain is now on my
cheek, now in my eye, now in my hair. The
dogs from under my bed burst out frantically,
overturning everything in their way. Losing
well nigh all control over mj'self, 1 fling my-
self in despair into the river; I dive down,
but all in vain, for the stings rain down still
upon my head. Not heeding the warning of
my people, I creep through the reedy grass
to the swampy bank. The grass lacerates
my hands, and I try to gain the mainland,
hoping to find shelter in the woods. All at
once tour powerful arms seize me and drag
me back with such force that I think I must
be choked in the mud. I am compelled to go
back on board, and flight is not to bethought
of
In the cooling moisture I had so far re-
covered my self possession, that it occurred
to me to drag a sheet from my chest, and this
at last I found some protection, but I had first
gradually to crush the bees which I had en-
closed with me within this covering. Mean-
time by great self-denial and courage on the
part of my excellent people, my large dog
was brought on board to me and covered with
cloths ; the other, an animal from Khartoom,
was unfortunately lost. Cowering down con-
vulsively, I lingered out thus three full hours,
whilst the buzzing continued uninterruptedly,
and solitary stings penetrated periodically
through the linen. Everyone by degrees be-
came equally passive as myself; at length a
perfect silence reigned on board; the bees
subsided into quietness. Meanwhile, some
courageous men had crept stealthily to the
bank, and had succeeded in setting fire to the
reeds. The smoke rose to their assistance,
and thus they contrived to scare away the
bees i'rom the boat, and, setting it afloat, they
drove it to the other bank. Had the thought
of the fire occurred at first, our misfortune
would have assumed a much milder character;
but in the suddenness of the attack everyone
lost all presence of mind. Free from further
apprehension, we could now examine our in-
juries. With the help of a looking-glass and
pair of pincers I extracted all the stings from
my face and hands, and inconvenience in those
places soon passed away. But it was impos-
sible to discover the stings in my haii-; manj'
of them had been broken oft'short in the midst
of the fi'ay, and, remaining behind, produced
little ulcers which for two days were acutely
painful. Poor Arslan [his dog] was terribly
punished, especially about the head; but the
stings had clung harmlessly in the long hair
on his back. 1 was really sorry f)r the loss
of my nice little dog, which was never re-
covered, and in all likelihood had been stung
to death. These murderous bees belong to
the striped variety of our own honey-bee. A
mishap like ours has been seldom experienced
in the waters of the White Nile. Consul
Petherick, as his servants informed me, had
once to undergo a similar misfortune. Our
own grievance was not confined to ourselves:
every boat of the sixteen which that day wore
sailing in our track, was p.stered by the same
infliction. No imagination can adequately
depict the confusion which must have spread
in boats where were crowded together from
60 to 80 men. I felt ready, in the evening,
for an encounter with half a score of buff'aloes
or a brace ol' lions rather than have anything
more to do with bees ; and this was a senti-
ment in which all the ship's company heartily
concurred. I took my quinine and awoke
refreshed and cheerful; but several of the ill-
used members of our party were suflering
from violent fever. My own freedom from
fever might perchance in a measure be at-
tributed to mj' involuntary vapor-bath. I had
been sitting muflied up for some hours in my
wet clothes through the heat of the day, and
no vapor bath more effectual could be con-
trived. Among the crews of the boats which
followed us there were two deaths, which en-
sued as the result of the injuries which had
been sustained."
" Our second day of misadventures came to an
end ; on the following morning we were again
passing along banks void of trees. Towardij
midday we made a pause on the right baulj
by a charming grove, where trailing creepen!
{Leptadenia) dropped their pendants perpen'
dicularly down, and bound the spreadint
boughs of the Shubahi acacias (A. verugeni
to the ground, an apparatus adapted to the
gymnastic frolics of ihe little apes.
Warned by our experience we were evei
on the alert against bees, keeping in readines:
a bundle of straw and some faggots, in ordei
to be able to kindle the dry grass immediate!}
we had accomplished our excursion on tin
land. Towards midday we perceived will
horror more bees in the shore-grass, and los
no time in getting across to the left bank
Here we came across numbers of Shillouk^
fishing in their light canoes of ambateh
darling through the water almost as swiltlj
as the fish themselves. This speed does not
however, prevent them from having a wad'
dling movement, something like a duck, ii
their light craft. So light are these canoe
that one man can carry three of them on hi
shoulder, although each canoe is capable o
holding three men. From a few dozen shoot
of ambateh of about three years' growth, i
canoe ol' this kind can be easily produced ; a
about six feet high the stem goes rapidly ot
to a point, so that a bundle of them need
only be tied together at the extreinities, aD(
there is at once attained a curve that woiili
grace a gondola. To use these canoes ad
roitly requires considerable practice, as th:
least shifting of the centre of gravity is madn
at the risk of a capsize. Nevertheless, thej
afforded mo good service by taking me to thi!
bank with dry feet, and by enabling me ti'
make botanical collections from the floatinj'
bushes. When the Shillook has come to thij
end of his voyage, he seizes his gondola likij
an ancient warrior might his shield. Hi
carries it, partly to ensure its safety ant
partly to allow it to dry, because the ambatcr
wood easily imbibes moisture and becomei
saturated."
CTo be contiuned.)
Selected.!
There is no enjoj'ment and no experienci
that the human mind is capable of, which ii
in any way to be compared to an abiding ant
living dependence, every day and every houi
upon a merciful and overruling Providence
To feel that He is watching over us contina
ally, that He will not willingly afiiict us, an(
that all things which He permits to overtat
us, will work for our good, if wo trust in an(
seek Him. Here we are preserved from need
less, and unsettling fears, from tumultuoa
doubts, from comfortless forebodings. W'
trust in His protection, and all is well. Wi
feel his love and it comforts us. " Ob, tha
men would praise the Lord for His goodness
and His wonderful works to the children o
men."
.*-♦
Family Visits. — Dear Friends, be faithful ii
the service of God, and mind the Lord's busi
ness and be diligent, so will the power of th(
Lord be brought over ail those that have gain
sayed it. And all ye that are faithful go visi
them that have been convinced — from hoa8(
to house— that if it be possible, ye may no
leave a hoof in Egj-pt. And so every one gi
and seek the lostsheep and bring him to th'
fold, and there will be more joy over that oni
sheep than the ninety and nine in the fold
1668. il
THE FRIEND.
291
For " Thf Friend."
'Hinis in Rflntioii to Marririgf, and on a Prepa-
ration for the Ministry; from the Memoirs of
Deborah Baelihousr.
Deboraii Lowe was married to James Baclv-
ihouse, of York, in tlie lltb montli, 1822. Tlie
following extracts from letters show, instruc-
tively, her desire to act in accordance with
the Divine will, in taking this important step.
"Tottenham, 18th of l.st rao. 1S22.
I can truly sa}", I have felt the imjiortance
of this subject in a manner that is too power-
ful for description ; so much so, that it seemed
unsafe for me to put a negative upon it, with-
Dut first yielding to the influence of that
Power, which can alone effectually sulijuffafe
the natural icill ; and having experienced, in
some degree, what 1 have believed to he the
operation hereof, though I am fearful of
stamping my feelings too highly, fervent have
been the petitions of my soul, unto Him who
'seeth not as man seeth,' that He would gra-
ciously condescend to work in me, through
the agency of his Holy Spirit, both to will
and to do what is right in bis Divine sight."
"Tottenham, 8th of 2d mo. 1822.
I am at times thankful in feeling, that to
act in accordance with what is right, has been
and continues to be, the primary desire of our
hearts ; and I desire to cherish the recollec-
tion, that I am not my own ; because this
consideration produces that resigned disposi-
tion of mind, wherein a peaceful acquiescence
with the disposal of the Divine will is sought
for; and I may with humble gratitudeacknow-
ledge, that I am enabled at seasons, to believe
that He who remains to be as a Father to the
fatherless, has condescended, in abundant
mercy, to direct our steps aright.
Though I have said thus much, I cannot
but earnestly covet, that we may not relax
in our endeavor to seek after the further un-
foidings of that Light, lohich can alone make
manifest both what to do and leave undone; be-
lieving, as we obey its dictates, we shall hap-
pily experience that blessing to attend us,
which maketh truly rich; and toithoul lohich,
no real enjoyment can be possessed."
Other of her letters, as subjoined, no less
instructively represent the humiliating exer-
cises and preparatory baptisms she passed
through to fit her for engaging in the very
responsible work of the ministry. A voca-
tion so important that perhaps there is no
other in the church so influential for good or
for evil to its members. How careful then
should such be, that the ground and spring
of action be the Holy Spirit of Christ Jesus,
without which we cannot be His, neither can
we do any thing effectually for the cause of
Truth and righteousness in the earth. But
when He who ascended up on high and re-
ceived gifts for men, calls and puts forth into
the dignified station, these being taught and
led and anointed by Him, the Alpha and
Omega and Ruler over all, such are permitted
to know Him to go before and prepare the
way, and being enabled to possess their souls
in patience, are at times made to rejoice in
Him after the experience of the Psalmist: —
"All my springs are in Thee."
It was wisely observed by an ancient ser-
vant of the Lord, that " there never was an
apostasy from the life and purity of religion,
until the ministers and elders gave way."
And, it is a remark of John Gritfith concern-
ing ministers as well as others, that "the only
way to preserve the strength, glory, and dig-
nity of a religious Societj-, is for all who un-
dertake to be active in it certainly to feel the
Lord leading and directing them in all their
services ; and, on the other hand, the sure way
to desolation is, when the active members in
religious things move therein bj^ the strength
of human abilities only."
How inward, watchful and prayerful should
those be who are called to said active duties,
especially such as are delegated shepherds or
mouths for the people! How careful should
they be to wait for the quickening power from
Him, who is the resurrection and the life;
that thus His cause and kingdom maj' be
promoted, be it through sutfering and baptism
and even " deaths oft" to the poor, unworthy
servant, if thereby any may be turned saving-
ly to the light of Christ in the heart, which,
as William Penn writes, "is God's gift for
man's salvation ;" and which, he adds, " grows
upon the obedient."
The letters alluded to are as follows :
"Peckluim, 19th of 3d month, 1822.
I believe it may be interesting to thee to
hear, I am at times enabled to appear as a
fool before men, through the constraining in-
fluence of the love of Christ; but it is very
Seldom I have thus to avow my love to the
cause; and I often think it matters not,
whether we do, or suff'er silently, if but per-
mitted to be with the dear Master. Ah ! 1
believe those who constantly follow Him,
have to experience what it is to be led as to
Calvary's motint, more often than to accom-
pany Him when the triumphant language of
Hosannah! is proclaimed. Let us then en-
deavor to encourage each other, to be willing
to suffer all that is needful, both for ourselves
and the Truth's sake ; that we may happily
bo prepared to inherit that rest which is pre-
pared for the people of God."
"Tottenham, 11th of 4th month, 1822.
I am confident it is highlj' needful that
those, in a peculiar manner, who are called
upon at seasons to proclaim the word of the
Lord ; yea, enabled to tell of his wonders in
the deep ; should be reduced to a state of want,
and total inability to minister, otherwise than
by and through the ability which God giveth.
May it, then, be our endeavor to encourage
each other in the hope, that strength will be
from time to time afforded, to endure with
patience every allotted portion ; remember-
ing, as I consolingly do at the present mo-
ment, the gracious assurance, that those who
keep the word of his patience, shall be kept
in the hour of trial and temptation."
"Tottenham, .5th of 6th month, 1822.
* * * Though encompassed with mani-
fold weaknesses and infirmities, I can and do
rejoice, at times, in the consoling belief, that
our descondings, shall I say as to the very
bottom of Jordan, may enalile us to gather
from thence those stones of memorial which,
in days to come, may be erected as a monu-
ment of the wonderful and merciful dealings
of the Most High. But in these seasons of
proving and desertion, how difficult it is, after
having in measure been equipped with that
armor, whereby we have experienced some
ability even to ' fight the gooil fight' of faith,
to retain this excellent gill ! And assuredly,
it is only by keeping the faith, that we can
expect to oljtain the victory.
Whilst writing, I am favored to see and feel
the abundant necessity there is, for one i-o
liable to err as I am, to stand continually upon
the watch-tower, lest 1 should fall by the hand
of the enemy ; who remains unwearied in his
endeavors to defeat tlio feeble ones. But,
though I am thus sensible of my peculiar
weakness, I desire to be preserved from look-
ing too much at it: for truly the least in the
Lamb's army have nothing to fear; no, verily!
If but standing in our right ranks, ready to
fulfil every command of our Holy Loader, wo
may humbly trust that our all-conquering
Captain, who was never foiled in battle, will
enable us to go on, until the warfare is ac-
complished; when, O animating prospect! wo
may hope to receive a crown of lite."
" Dover, 10th of 7th month, 1S22.
I believe a state of suffering is often merci-
fully dispensed, in order to deepen us in the
life of religion ; yea, in order to effect that
baptism unto death, that entire crucifixion of
the natural will, which must ever precede a
resurrection unto life. And experience loudly
proclaims the necessit}' there is, for poor,
frail, erring man, to witness repeated plunges,
both as regards himself, and to enable him
availingly to enter into suffering with others."
" Dover, 1st of Sth month, 1822.
I humbly yet earnestly desire, ever to be
preserved from placing an undue trust in any
fleshly arm ; knowing assuredly, that nothing
short of the everlasting Arm, will enable to
render that assistance and protecting care,
which are needful to effect a safe and steady
progress, through the wildernessof this world;
wherein the briers and thorns are so thickly
strewn, that the poor traveller sees, that it is
indeed totally impossible to proceed without
injury, when devoid of the guidance and sup-
port of Heavenly Love ; and the wisdom of
Him, who remains to be undiminished both
in power and goodness, making a way for his
little dependent children, where they can see
no way; yea, at times, causing the rough
places to become smooth, and the crooked
paths straight ; thus manifesting, to their un-
speakable consolation, that Ho hath not for-
saken them. May it then be our constant
endeavor, to look unto Him alone! and O!
may the submissive language of our souls ever
bo: 'All that Thou commaudest us we will
do:
and whithersoever Thou sendest us we
will go."
(To be continned.)
Thunder and Lightning. — The length of a
flash of lightning is generally under-estimated.
The longest known was measured by M. F.
Petit, of Toulouse. This flash was ten and a
half miles long. Arago once measured a series
of flashes which averaged from seven to eight
miles in length. The longest interval ever
remarked between a flash and the report was
seventy-two seconds, which would correspond
with a distance of fourteen miles. Direct re-
searches have shown that a thunder storm is
seldom heard at a greater distance than from
seven to ten miles, while the average are
barely heard over four to five miles oft'. This
fact is the more curious as cannon may bo
distinctly heard double or treble that distance,
and in special cases much farther. During
the bombardment of Paris, in the winter of
1870, the Krupp guns were hoard at Dieppe,
a distance of eighty-four miles. Arago states
that the firing at Waterloo was audible at
Creil, one hundred and twenty miles distant
292
THE FRIEND.
Selected.
WHO GIVETH SONGS IN THE NIGHT.
When coiirtinjf slumber,
The hours I number,
The sad cares cumber
i\Jy wearied miud ;
This thought shall cheer me,
That tbon art near me.
Whose ear to hear me
Is still Jnclined.
My soul Thou keepest.
Who never sleepest,
'Alid gloom the deepest.
There's Hglit above.
Thine eyes^behold me;
Thine arms enfold me;
Thy word has told me
That God is love.
BEARING LIFE'S BURDENS.
Oh, there are moments for us here, when seeing
Life's inequalities, and woe, and care.
The burdens laid upon our mortal being
Seem heavier than the human heart can bear.
For there are ills tiiat come without foreboding.
Lightnings that fall before the thunder's roll.
And there are festering cares, that, by corroding,
Eat silently iheir way into the soul.
made alike from the dead, flattcDed cells
crowded to the surface by the process of
growth. — Popular Science Monthly.
And for the evils that our race inherit,
What slreiigih is given us that we may endure!
Surely the God and father of our spirit
Sends not afflictions which^he cannot cure?
No : there is a Physician, there is healing.
And light that beams upon life's dariiest day.
To him whose heart is right'withiGod, revealing
The wisdom and the ju»tice^of his wnv.
Phehe Cary.
Christian Libtrly.
It happened also at other times, that be-
cause of his long hair he [George Fox] was
spokeia to, as I have seen myself; but of this
1 am fully persuaded, that he had not the
least pride in it; but it seems to me not im-
probable, that he, seeing how some would
make it a kind of holiness to wear short hair,
did the contrary to show that, in some things,
there was a christian liberty, for which we
ought not to judge one another. — History of
the People Called Quakers by Wm. Sewel, vol
■ p. 170. Philada. Ed.
[The above has been sent us, We suppose,
as justifying our members in departing from
the use of a plain dress, but the cases are not
analogous, and G. Fox would have counten-
anced nothing that indicated in a member an
unwillingness to be recognized as a Friend.
—Eds.]
The Groicth of a Feather.
bird, where a new feather is to grow, there is
a little pit, and at the bottom of this an eleva-
tion or ])yraraid ; extending up on one side of
this pyramid is a groove, or lurrow, deepest
at the base, and gradually growing shallower
until it disappears near the top; from each
side of this furrow a great many smaller
grooves extend around to the other side of
the pyramid, and these also decrease in depth,
and at last disappear just as thej- are about
to meet on the side opposite the large furrow.
The whole pyramid is covered with skin, and
the surface is made of the same scales, or flat-
tened cells, that are found over the rest of the
surface of the body ; but, instead of falling off
■when they are pushed out by the new ones
below them, they become united or welded
to each other, so as to form a horn coat over
the surface of the pyramid, with ridges on its
lower or inner surface corresponding to the
grooves on the pyramid; and, as new cells
grow at the base, this coat or cast of the sur-
fiiee is pushed upward till it breaks at its
thinnest part, which is, of course, the smooth
part without ridges opposite the large furrow;
and then, as it is pushed onward andflattened,
it assumes the form of a feather, the ridge
formed in the main furrow being the shaft,
while the casts^of the side grooves form the
separate barbs of the vane. When all of the
vane has been formed and pushed forward,
the pyramid loses its grooves and becomes
smooth, and the wall now formed on its sur-
face, being of the same thickness in all parts,
doesuot break, but remains tubular, and forms
the quill, which is attached to what is left of
the pyramid. A finger-nail or a hair is formed
from the same kind of scales in the same v/ay,
the proctss differing only in those features
which give to each organ its special character.
Feathers, scales, hair, claws and nails are all
Great Lava Flood. — At a late meeting of
the California Academy of Sciences, Professor
Joseph LcConte, of the State University, gave
an extended and deeply interesting lecture on
the great lava flood ot the northwest, which
he had studied carefully on several exploring
tours through the lava region. The great
overflow ot lava was one of the most remark-
able convulsions of nature met with on the
face of the earth. The principal point of erup-
tion from the great central cauldron was at
In the skin of a the Cascade mountains, in Oregon, which
were of themselves one solid mass of lava.
From this centre the lava overflowed a great
portion of Oregon, Washington Territory, all
01 northern California, and vast sections of
JSTevava, Montana and Idaho. The lava flood
covered an area of at least 200,000 square
miles, as far as explored, and it would proba-
bly be found to extend over a surface of 300,-
OuO square miles, as its limit northward had
never been determined. The depth of the
lava crust varied from upward of 3000 feet in
the Cascade and Blue Mountain region to one
and two hundred feet, and less at remote
points on the outer edge of the overflow.
Where the tremendous gorge of the Columbia
river cut through the lava bed, it has a depth
of 3500 feet. 'The explorations of Professor
LeConte had determined that the great lava
flood pertained to a comparatively recent geo-
graphical period, and he assigns the eruption
to the latter part of the miocene, possibly ex-
tending to the post tertiary.
In the great canyon of the Columbia river,
beneath this immense layer of lava, he had
discovered the petrified stumps of trees, beds
of leaves, and all the evidences of a great
forest once existing on a level corresponding
with the present surface of the river. Above
this forest came a drift period, and it was
buried in a heavy layer of conglomerate be-
fore the overflow of 3000 feet of lava. In
tracing the collateral streams that had cut
deep gorges through the lava, extending a
mile or two back from the main river, these
conclusions regarding the formation had been
fully verified. Professor LeConte dwelt with
much enthusiasm on the details of his wonder-
ful observations in the Cascade regions, and
For "The Friend."
John Hesld.
'Continned frou] page 2S2.)
" Fairfield, Columbiana County, Ohio,
'Jth mo. 14th, IS2J.
Endeared friend, Benjamin Kite: — thu
Yearly Meeting was not quite so large as in
some former years, but was favored with
something refreshing as well as strengthen-
ing. It was agreed that Short CreekQuar-
terly Meeting be divided, and another Quar-
terly Meeting be instituted by the name ol
"Stillwater Quarterly Meeting."
William Foster attended the Yearly Meet-
ing. I expect some benefits to result from his
labors, both in the Yearly Meeting and in the
lesser meetings. Profitable instructive labdr
was, I think, bestowed with skill. He does
not appear to enjoy such uninterrupted health
as some do, but seems devoted in faithful ser-
vice.
Elizabeth Coggshall and Ann Shipley at-
tended nearly all the Particular Meetinifs
within Ohio Yearly Meeting, and afterwaras
the Yearly Meeting also — -a visit of favor.
They have gone, I suppose, to Indiana. John
Paul was with William Foster here, as com-
panion ; your city loses no credit by him.
Our Y^early Meeting had a minute of advice
drawn up, and ordered 1,000 copies printed
and distributed among its members. Oin.-
part of advice is, that Monthly Meetings each
procure a coilection of books, containing in.
account of the princi])les, rise, and sufferina^
of our Society, to be kept for its members at^d-
others to read, together with a variety of the
journals of Friends, &c. It was apprehended
that many were too much unacquainted in
these respects; or, in other words, very igno-
rant."
"Fau'field, Columbiana County, Ohio,
Sth mo. 13th, 1S22.
Esteemed friend, Benjamin Kite: — I might
have replied to thy acceptable letter of 7th of
4th month last; but I took a journey to Red-
stone of about six weeks, from which I re-
turned less than two ago ; in the time I made
a visit to the families of Westland Monthly
Meeting, it is the same I was a member of
twent}^ years ago. The dysentery began, I
think, near Bedstone, about the 25th of the
6th month, and in the course of the month
many had died of that complaint. I never
knew it to be as common before, and bo spread
over all this western country as far as I can
hear, though I think not so much north of
us, as south. At Ekruu meeting house, less
than three miles from here, more than twenty
persons have been buried within a few weeks,
perhaps a month, mostly children, though
several adults, and more are likely to follow
soon; it seems to me, that five years before
has not produced as many deaths, as one
month past has done.
The summer has been remarkably warm 'h
and dry, and our waters low; and while these m
continue, it seems likely sickness will con- itt
tinuo. We might learn to profit if we were '.".
not too dull, or careless. ■ i
A collector of muster fines came into the ''
neighborhood a few weeks since and exhibited
a list of fines amounting to more than 8400, .
which, if collected, must it seems come off of i )
members of our Monthly Meeting, without >, i
I
\
. ^ - much exception, as I have been told. He took
he considered it one of the most interesting property from three or four and sold it— James
helds for geological study to be found on theiBoulton isone of them; but some altercation or
°^*''''^' I misunderstanding taking place between the
THE FRIEND.
m
•Hector and some on whom he had demands,
1 attorney was applied to, who said lie could
)t collect the tines before the next Court of
iquiry, or Appeal, but afterwards he miijht.
)mc of those fines are of several years
andiui;, and some large demands against
nail estates — one, I hear, is more than S3 i.
hear of nothing going on lately relative to
1086 fines. If those tines are collected now
ben wheat does not bring forty cents the
jshel, in cash, I expect u great waste of pro-
jrtj' to be made at it.
Asenath Hunt, and her companions Lydia
offin and John Stewart, from North Caro-
3a, came here on a religious visit a few
onths since, and are gone on into Indiana.
hey have done virtuously here. Dugan
lark ami Robert McCracken, have since vis-
sd our Meetings, also acceptably. They are
om North Carolina too.
Tbe squirrels are now very numerous, and
a|)pears that they are travelling, as they
e swimming the Ohio river in abundance, I
u told. It is about twelve years since they
d >o before. The scarcity of nuts and mast.
ipears to be the cause of their moving, but
^ ley stop at our Indian corn fields and do
ueh damage to the corn.
Daniel Pucket, was at our Yearly Meeting
cm Indiana, on a religious visit of large
ctent, after getting into Baltimore Yearly
vCeling, the meetings north and east are all
ithin his prospect as expressed in his certi-
;ate. I expect him daily to come into these
irts, and from here to Redstone. I conclude
itli subscribing myself thy friend,
John Heald.
My love to thy wife and family-."
Ill a letter written 9th mo. 25th of the same
ear, J. Heald mentions, that on account of
le muster fines above referred to, Bennett
niistrong's horse, bridle and saddle had been
ikcu from him, for a claim of some twelve or
larieen dollai'S.
"Fairfield, Columbiana Conntv, Ohio.
ITtli of the 1:2th "mo., 1.S22.
Esteemed friend, Benjamin Kite: — -Thine
f 10th mo. 9th came safe to hand. It was
cceptable, as was the intelligence of thy wife
nd daughter's love, — "Sweet is the love that
ames with willingness." Hannah Yarnall,
dou says has deceased. Then she has left a
rorld in which there is much trouble and
erplexity. Rebecca Archer, also. I do not
lemember her. Notwithstanding I write as
hou secst, it is often with difficulty that I
;ed myself, my hands and head shake so
auch ; but with tbe exception of a few infir-
lities, I am favored to enjo}' a comfortable
hare of health : my wife and family also are
Livored with health.
1 have been but little from home since I
,'as at ^Yestland ; and at times I think it likelj'
hat I shall be excused from travelling in
uture, unless some short excursions. I have
:ven thought it might be as well, perhaps, if
1 could remain in obscurity the little space of
ime here to come. It fatigues me now to ride
in horse-back ten or twelve miles, as much as
wice the distance did a few years ago. Some-
imes I think of my distant friends with feel
ngs of aifection, as though I might see them
igain, but I wish to be preserved from at-
empting anything in a childish manner, of
his kind however: thougli I hope I shall not
)rove disobedient, no more than in younger
ife, but be watchful, and endeavor to pa-
tientl}' resign to attend to required duty ;
this, I think, 1 am as fully disposed to do as at
any past time. Tiiere is One who knows
best, what is best for me, and to Him let it
be left ; a little of the world, or a little ease to
the flesh, I trust, will not bo a means of
keeping me from enjoying of that whicdi is
infinitely better; if either should, it will bo
sad indeed.
It is a time of health generally with us now,
and since the sickness subsided that prevailed
last season, when many were sick and some
died; but it seems "That folly prevails and
wisdom pleads in vain." Though there is a
great stir in several neighborhoods about re-
lit;ion, a notion lately started here; thej' at
first assumed the name of " Bible Christians,"
but that title did them only a short time,
when they would be called ''Christians,"
and leave the Bible out of the name of dis-
tinction. They preach, pray and sing in their
meetings, and dip their members in the water,
such as choose; are averse to discipline, only
the New Testament; have an abundance of
preachers among them, male and female, and
meetings, sometimes every night in the week
round the neighborhood, sometimes at one
house and then another, two a night some-
times ; they have frequently disturbed the
meetings of Friends in several places in this
quarter, four or five of them have been taken
out of one meeting, one rising after another
to preach, and conducted out one by one; they
then went round the meeting-house yjreachiug
or singing for some time with loud words. I
did not witness this, I only heard it of such
as did. Some of our members have joined
them, and have been disowned. It ajjpears
the_y have liberty of conscience, and no order
to restrain or restrict ; and if a person had
not been at a meeting before, and asked to be
a tnember, they set him or her down on the
list of mombei-8. I think them to be Ranters.
To perceive people running wild in their im-
aginations, about so solemn and important a
concern, as that of their own future ha])pi-
ness, leaves soi-rowful sensations on my mind.
I remain affectionately thy friend,
John Heald.
Let brotherly love continue."
(To be cuutinaed.)
circles, thoy seem to be brimful of warm, joy-
ous life. They also delight, especially the oKl
ones, in lazily turiiing over and over in the
swell, scratching and rubbing themselves with
their flip])ers, exposing as tlii-y iloat in the
water but a small portion of their bodies : and
they also sleep u])on the surface in the same
short, uneasy slumber so characteristic of
them when on the land. There is nothing
dull or lethargic about the fur seal when
asleep or awake. A healthy seal is never
seen sleeping without an involuntary nervous
muscular twitching and flinching of various
portions of its bod\', usuall}' an uneasy fold-
ing out and back of its flippers, with quick
crawling movements of its skin, the eyes be-
ing, however, always tightly closed.
Arising from these great bands of herding
seals is a peculiar dull, vibrating roar, the
joint efforts of hundreds of thousands of vigi-
lant and angry males, together with the calls
of their harems, a din which never ceases for
an instant, day or night, during the six or
eight weeks of the breeding season ; it can
be heard at sea miles awa}-, and frequently
has warned vessels of the dangerous proxim-
ity of land when searching for the islands in
thick, foggy weather. There also comes with
this sound a most disagreeable smell. The
seals themselves do not emit this odor, although
the}' have a sweetish, oily breath, but they are
constantly stirring up the decaying bodies of
the dead, on and over which thoj' sleep or in-
cessantly flounder. — Harper's 21agazine.
Habits of the Fur Seal. — The fur seal never
sprawls out and flounders when moving on
land, as might be supposed from observing the
progression of the common hair seal ; on the
contrar}', this animal carries its body clear
and free from the ground, with head and neck
erect, stepping forward with its fore-feet, and
bringing the hinder ones up to a fresh position
after every second step forward. When ex-
erting itself it can spring into a lumbering,
shambling gallop, and for a few rods run as
fast as a man, but will sink quickly to the
earth, gasping, panting and palpitating. In
the water all movements when swimming are
quick and swift, the fore flippers propelling,
and the long attenuated hinder ones serving
to guide the course. The animal always in
travelling swims under water, ever and anon
rising, with head and neck clear from the sea,
to snort and survey tbe field. The seals will
frequently, when in play or suddenly startled,
leap from the water like so many dolphins.
The young seals are exceedingly frolic-
some at sea (as also a great jiart of the .time
on land) ; running acrobatic races in the surf,
chasing one another, and whirling in swift
Selected.
We are variously modified in our mental
complexions, habits and dispositions; and our
common Creator and Preserver uses various
means in correcting, reforming, and prepar-
ing us. Sometimes the body is touched, some-
times the mind, and sometimes the outward
substance. Our best way, at all events, ap-
pears to me to make haste to get under the
shelter of the wing of Omnipotence, there
contemplating and meditating that all things,
good and evil, are allotted or permitted to us
by Infinite Wistlom, and resigning all to the
disposal and ordering hand of our great Bene-
factor and best Friend, we settle in a comfort-
able composure and acquiescence in tlie Divine
Will.— i?. Shackelton.
An Automatic Wonder. — A citizen of Lan-
sinburg, N. Y., has completed a remarkable
toy, of which the following description has
appeared : It is intended to represent, in a
measure, the business portion of a small vil-
lage. There are a series of houses or compart-
ments, each devoted to some special branch
of industry, and the whole surmounted by a
tower, on which there is a town clock and
chime of bells. Commencing at the left hand
side of the machine is a lager beer garden,
with figures sitting around a table drinking.
At intervals they raise tbe mugs to their lips,
and a man stands beside a beer keg drawing
the lager. To the right is a shepherd tend-
ing his flock. Beside him is a maiden, at
whom he occasionally " makes eyes;" and he
also performs on a flageolet held in his hand.
The saw mill is a fac simile of such an insti-
tution. The log is in its place, and slides along
to meet the teeth of the saw, which is work-
ing up and down, cutting it in two. The at-
tendants are all bus}- in their several duties.
The grist mill is also going. One man is
tending and feeding the hopper. Every now
294
THE FRIEND.
and then he goes back and forth with a traj-
upon his shoulders, the contents of which he
pours into the mouth of the hopper. The
great water-wheel is moving steadily under
the pressure of the water from above, and the
elevator keeps up its show of relieving a canal-
boat of its load of grain. The oil mill is at
work, and the figures are all busy about it
performing their several missions. A carpen-
ter walks up and down a ladder while at his
work. The scissors grinder is engaged at his
vocation. An artist looks out of the window
of his house and oifers a pinch of snuff to the
miller's boy, while the old miller sits on a
balcony reading books and papers which an
attendant from time to time brings out to
him. A woman in one house hands a man
a fiddle, on which he is expected to play.
Another woman watches for her lover, but is
watched in turn bj' a jealous villager. The
blaeksmithshop is in full operation, the man
at the forge blows the bellows, and the sparks
fly from the fire as natural as life. One man
is engaged in shoeing a horse, and another
welds oil the anvil. One man is entting wood;
a girl is watering plants, which gradually
grow, bud and bloom. Other figures are ac-
tively engagod, but they are too numerous to
mention, there being over fifty in all. There
are two fountains, a music box, bells, &c., all of
which operate naturally. The whole forms
a most wonderful combination of machinery,
and is operated bj' means of weights. When
wound up it will run three hours. — Late Pa-
per.
THE FRIEND.
FIFTH MONTH 2. 1874.
Philadelphia Yearly Meeting concluded its
session on Sixth-day, the 24th ult. It was
large on both the men's and women's side of
the house; the large number of young men
and young women being a striking feature in
the assenibly. Many of these, by their plain
appearance, showed their appreciation of the
self-denying principles of the Society to which
they belong, and by their serious and con-
sistent deportment, their sense of the import-
ance of the business for which the meeting
was convened. It is encouraging to have
reason to believe, that many among our
young people are seeing more clearly, it is a
delusion to sup])ose that those who are asham-
ed to confess by their apjiearance they are
Friends, will be faithful in the support ofi
other testimonies which the Society is called
to uphold, or become qualified to take part in
the important affairs of the church.
Having been furnished with the following
account of the proceedings of the meeting,
drawn up by a Friend every way qualified to
give it correctly, we lay it before our readers
as being accurate and interesting.
Fourth mo. 201 h.-- Second-day. — As the time
for holding the Yearly Meeting approached,
there had been many evidences that the hearts
of the more deeply experienced members were
laden with a sense of the responsil)ility that
attends the right performance of the duties of
such a gathering. Under such a feeling, the
meeting convened this day. There were in
attendancea number of Friends from different
Yearly Meetings. Several of these were mem-
bers ofThe Indian Aid Committee, whose meet-
ings had been held in this city on Fourth and
Fiflhdaj'sof the previous week, and who had
remained to be present on this occasion ; some
others had been drawn by a special feeling of
interest to visit their brethren; and in addi-
tion there were committees of both men and
women Friends who were the bearers of
epistles from the Western Yearly Meeting.
After the opening minute, the calling of the
representatives, and reading the reports from
the Quarterly Meetings. Robert Hodson, one
of the committee from the Western Yearly
Meeting, in a suitable manner informed us
that they were the bearers of an epistle of
love to our meeting; and laid it, and the ac-
companying minute, on the Clerk's table. The
feeling which prevailed towards the meeting
from which the epistle was sent, and towards
the Friends who represented it, was a kind
one, and was freely expressed by many ; but
it was soon evident that the judgment of the
meeting was very clear and decided, that
there were obstructions to the opening of a
correspondence with that body, whichcould
not immediately be removed. These were
clearly expressed by one Friend, who stated,
that we had no official knowledge of the ex-
istence of the body from which the epistle
came, as it had been established by Indiana
Yearly Meeting since its correspondence with
us had been suspengled. He thought that
Fifty-five thousand copies of it had been pal
lished in the English and ten thousand in tl
German language, and nearly all had bee
distributed. The Yearly Meeting fully a|
proved of what had been done, and rcmarf
were made by several Friends from countr
neighborhoods, cautioning their fellow-men
hers against countenancing those Agricultur:
exhibitions, in which the trotting of horst
formed a part of the show.
The distribution of the approved writing
of members of our religious Society, had cor
tinued to receive care. The report of the dm
mittee of the Meeting for Sufferings on tiui
subject called the attention of Friends to th
importance of a lively zeal in availing oursel ve
of this means of spreading our principles, an
of promoting practical piety among nui
The belief was also expressed, that if <n\
members would themselves more frequent!
read them in a serious spirit, they would b
edified and refi'eshed by the clear doctriiu
views, and the livelj' Christian experience
recorded therein. In addilion to the book
sold, the Committee had made donations t
libraries and individuals in various parts c
the United States, and in South Ameiica.
Memorials for Hannah Warner, a Minister;
and Joseph Snowdon, an Elder ; had been re
vised and forwarded to the Yearly Meeting.
The proceedings of the Meetings for Suffer
previous to receiving or sending epistles, we ings were approved, and after the appoint
ought to have from Indiana Yearly Meeting ' "" . . • . „
official notice on which to proceed. He went
on to say, there was no use in disguising the
fact that there were other obstructions that
must first be removed. According to the ac-
counts published, there was evidently a differ-
ence of views entertained bj^ members there
and here, upon the important subject of wor-
ship. What were called general meetings had
been held under the sanction of committees of
that Yearlj- Meeting, in which, however sin-
cere the actors might be, the proceedings were
entirely at variance with the principles of
Friends. In those meetingssinging was prac-
tised, scores of persons were stated to be on
their knees at the same time, and large
numbers were induced to come forward and
place themselves on what were called the
anxious benches. He believed the time would
come in which the sound members in the
different Yearly Meetings would take charge
of them, and put a stop to such proceedings;
but until that did take place, he thought it
was best for our Yearly Meeting to remain in
its present condition as regarded correspond-
ence with them. These vievvs were fully
united with, by a large number of our mem-
bers ; very little of a contrary' sentiment being
expressed, the time of the meeting was not
wasted by tedious remarks, nor its harmony
disturbed bj- a contentious spirit, and it was
soon prepared to pass on to the business next
in order ; which was the reading of the
minutes of the Meeting for Sufferings.
A concern had arisen in that body in regard
to the corrupting effect of Theatrical Arnuse-
ments and Horse-Racing. It had obtained
serious consideration at different times, and
had finally issued in the preparation of an
Address on those subjects. This Address was
especially designed to call the attention of
thoughtful persons of other religious persua-
sions to these evils, so that in their res])ective
ment of a committee to examine the Treasur
er's Account, the Memorial for Joseph Snow
don, above referred to, was read. This was i
brief though full testimony to bis characte
and worth, without entering into the histor
of his life. It pointed out his honest zeal t^i
preserve the church from any departure fron
the doctrines and testimonies which it had be
lieved in and maintained from primitive timesi
his tender, nursing care over the young, whicl
had greatly endeared him to many ; and tha
christian humilitj', which prevented any de
pendence on his own works, and led him a'
the close of life to make the acknowledgmen'
that not by any works of righteousness whiol
he had done, but in great poverty of spirit, h(
believed through the mercy of God in Christ
Jesus, he would be saved. After the papei
had been read, affectionate tributes in a few
words were given to the character of the de
ceased, and especial reference was made to hi;
practice of sending to those in whose welfart
he had become interested, written salutatiouEi
of love and wise counsel.
Thus closed the first session of the meeting
and many felt that it was cause for gratitude
that we had been enabled to transact the busi-
ness before us with the degree of harmony,
united exercise and solemity, that was felt to
exist.
Third-day. — The representatives reported
that they had united in proposing the namesi
of Joseph Scattergood for Clerk, and Clarksoni
Sheppard as Assistant Clerk. These are the|
same Friends who have satisfactorily filledj
those positions for a few years past, and the)
meeting united in their re-appointment. Thai
consideration of the state of Society as showni
by the Queries and the answers thereto, as:
far as the sixth, inclusive, occupied the re-
mainder of this sitting. During this time,;
there was a solid exercise felt and much good
counsel was given ; but there were some com-i
circles of influence they might be encouraged 'munications unprofitable in their character
to labor against these corrupt amusements— 'and burthensome to the meeting. As a cau-:
the fruitful sources of vice and immorality. ' tion, a Friend who had attended these annual)
THE FRIEND.
291
at borings for more than half a century, re-
iveii the counsel which he had heard de-
wi-rd therein many years ago, by the late
aiiiuol Bettle (who as a wise counsellor had
0 superior) to the ettVct, that the proper ob-
■ct ol' the Yearly Meeting was the transaction
t' the business that came before it. That it
•as not a meeting designed for preaching,
nd that those present should therefore be
arrtiil to have their minds gathered into
,'aiiing upon God, so that they might receive
bill tyrightly to attend to its varied concerns.
£e added, that at the time it was delivered,
■e thought it to be salutary advice, and ho
elieved it was no less so now.
The subjects that engaged the attention of
ie meeting most largelj-, were the deficicn-
ies reported in regard to the attendance of
leetings, especially on week-days, the occa-
ional attendance of some of our members ai
hices of worship where hireling ministers
ftieiated, and a departure from our testimony
) ])lainness of dresS and manners.
' When the Query on plainness was being
ODsidtrred, a Friend, whose appearance cor-
3sponded with his remarks, said that he fullj-
dmiitcd the importance of Christian sim-
licity in dress, but not the need of any uni-
)rrn"or distinctive style, which he believed
;as not the practice of Friends in the earlier
ays of the Society. In reply several passages
thejournals of Thomas EUwood and Thomas
lory were referred to, which clearly proved
batin their time Friends were known from
thers by their appearauce. Though there
ave been gradual changes from one genera-
on to another, yet a consistent Friend has
Iways been known from a very early period
y his dress. The judgment of the meeting
1 support of our long-established testimonies
7as unmistakably evident. While ^careful to
ear in mind, that nothing outward is in any
egree a substitute for the heart-changing
'ork of Divine Grace, yet the preservation of
ais hedge which had been placed around us
'as felt to be important.
As on the previous daj", this sitting was
DC in which the church was enabled to main-
lin its ground, and steadily to move forward
1 its business, though there were trials of
atience, and sadness of heart, at the evi-
ences of weakness exhibited.
Fourth-day. — At this sitting, the remaining
(ueries were read. Their consideration did
ot occupy much time. A report was read
om the committee set apart two years ago
J visit subordinate meetings, detailing their
bors, and reviewing the state of society as
, appeared to them after their laborious ser-
ices. They also suggested that Quarterly
leetings, where needtul, should extend help
) their subordidate meetings by committees
) be incorporated with them, or otherwise,
hen such meetings failed rightly to carry
at the provisions of the discipline. The
ibors of this committee have been much ap-
reciated by Friends generally, and the report
tas fully united with, and directed to be sent
own in the extracts, and by minute com-
lended to the observance of inferior meet-
igs and members.
The meeting at different times had been
nsettled by communications from one of the
lembers of that body which separated from
•hio Yearly Meeting, twenty years ago, and
hich our Yearly Meeting had declmed to
-M iignize. Private labor was stated to have
een extended to him by several of the elders.
but without effect. His earnestness seemed to
prevent his seeing the impropriel}' of obtrud-
ing his services ou a meeting which could not
acknowledge him as a fellow-member. The
meeting was infornied that he had been re-
peatedly advised to refrain from doing so.
Notwithstanding this un]jleasant occur-
rence, the meeting was favoreil with strength
to conduct its business in a solid manner, and
some livel}- exercise was felt and expressed ;
especially on the duty that rests upon parents
to restrain as well as counsel their children,
while subject to their control; and reference
was made to the solemn language of the
Almighty towards Eli of old, " The iniquity
of the house of Eli shall not be purged with
sacrifice or offering forever, because his sons
made themselves vile, and he restrained them
not."
Fifth-day. — Meetings for worship were held
as usual in three meeting-houses, at 10 o'clock
in the morning. The first business that came
before us in the afternoon, was the report of
the Committee having charge of the Boarding
School at VVesttown. This showed the school
to be in a prosperous condition. The average
number of scholars during the past year was
188, three more than the year before. In re-
gard to the health of the children, their ad-
vancement in their studies, and the religious
care exercised over them, the report was satis-
factory' and encouraging. The balance sheet
of receipts and expenditures showed a small
gain on the year's operations. The old In-
firmary building had been altered into two
convenient and comlijrtable dwelling houses,
at a cost of rather less than $65U0. These
had been occupied during the winter by two
of the married teachers. The subscription
authorized last year to a fund to increase the
salaries of the teachers, had been responded
to with much liberality by manj' Friends, and
the amount already subscribed was stated at
over 843,000. In addition to this, two dona-
lions of $20,000 each had been received, the
interest of which was to be applied to strictly'
educational purposes, such as the paj'mentof
teachers' salaries, and the purchase of books,
apparatus, &c. The Yearly Meeting fully ap-
proved of the labors of the Committee.
In reference to the individual (not present
at this sitting) whose communications had
given uneasiness the day before, a Friend ex-
plained that he had not taken any part in the
separation which took place in Ohio in 1851,
but that he became connected with what is
called the Binns' Meeting there, as a member
of Alum Creek Quarterly Meeting, which had
been set over to that body by Indiana Yearly
Meeting. This led to some remarks by others,
in which was brought to view the importance
of transacting all our business in the peaceable
spirit recommended by the discipline. The
renewal of our corres])ondence with the Yearly
Meeting of Ohio was also referred to, and the
belief expressed that the time for that step
would soon come; but the meeting was evi-
dently in unison with the sentiment of a
Friend who said, that when that subject was
acted on, it must come before the meeting in
a different manner from that in which it now
claimed attention.
The reports on Education showed the whole
number of children of school age to be 970 —
21 less than the previous year. About two-
thirds of these were receiving instruction
under the care of members of our Society. A
concern sprang up in the meeting, for those
children who were so located that it was difB-
cult for their parents to give them a guarded
education ; and it was thought that the church
had a duly to perform towards this portion
of the flock. It resulted in the appointment
of a committee to procure information as to
what hel)) might be needed, in different jjarts
of the Yearly .Meeting, to jjrovide suitable
schools, and to report next 3'ear.
The rejiorts on spirituous liquors, showed
that 54 of our members had at times used
them as a drink during the past year, but of
these, only four appeared to use them habitu-
allj'. Considerable remark was made as to
the propriety of extending the disciplineof the
Yearly Meeting so as to include, not merely
distilled spirits, but all beverages which caa
intoxicate, and a proposition was read from
Burlington (Quarter to alter the 4th (^>uery by
substituting the words, " intoxicaling drinks"
for '■ spirituous li(iuors." Way did not open
to make the change, but a few lines were
added to the usual minute on this subject,
advising the members to refrain from the un-
necessary use of any drink that would intoxi-
cate. Many felt there was not at that time
in the meeting that degi'ce of settlement and
solemnity, which qualified it lor such an im-
portant step as altering or revising the discip-
line.
A short season of quiet before we separated
was comforting and refreshing.
Si.vth day.— I lie report of the Indian Com-
mittee evidenced the extension of much labor.
The boarding school had been maintained,
and a larger number of scholars instructed
than in the previous year. The measures
affecting the rights of the Indians, which had
been proposed to Congress, had been closely
watched. Additional efforts had been used
to persuade the Indians to divide their lands,
so that each one should hold his own portion
by a separate title, but these efforts had failed
of success. The labors of the Coinmittee were
fully approved, and much encouragement ex-
tended to them. The financial operations of
the past 3'ear showed an excess of expendi-
tures over receipts of about 8850. The Trea-
surer of the Yearly Meeting was directed to
pay this out of the general stock.
The Committee to examine the Treasurer's
account proposed that S4500 bo raised bj' the
Quarterly Mi'ctings for the needs of the com-
ing year. This was approved with the addi-
tion of §850 (making 85850 in all) to meet
the deficiencj' in the Indian Cotnmittee's ac-
counts.
A, valuable and interesting memorial for
Hannah Warner, a deceased minister, was
read ; showing her fidelity to duty from very
early years. The care which she exhibited
■faithfully to occupj- her gift in the ministry,
and to guard against any exercise of it that
[was not in the line of Divine appointment,
was brought to view. It was instructive to
jobserve how she had been safely led through
I many vicissitudes and trials, b}- a close atten-
tion to the leadings and teachings of that
j Divine Light, the Spirit of our Redeemer,
which has been given to guide us in the way
of salvation. He whom she had thus en-
deavored to serve through lite, was with her
in the weakness of declining health, and in
the hour of death. Though clothed with that
humilitj' which is insejiarable from the true
Christian, j-et she was cheered with the belief
that her day's work had been accomplished,
and that her Saviour had prepared for her a
296
THE FRIEND.
mansion in Heaven. Much Bolemnity spread
over the meeting, and under this precious
covering, several short but weighty testi-
monies were borne. The remarlcable language
of George Fox was impressively revived :
'' When the Lord God and his son Jesus Christ
sent me forth into the world to preach His
everlasting gospel and kingdom, I was glad
that I was commanded to turn people to that
inward light, spirit and grace, by which all
might know their salvation and their way to
G.od ; even that Divine Spirit which would
lead them into all truth, and which I infalliblj'
knew would never deceive any." Thanks
were vocall}' i-endered unto our Father in
Heaven for His favors, and petitions offered
for the extension of His saving help.
No business remained, except reading over
the minutes, and the minute for adjournment.
A deep silence prevailed during the intervals,
and under this solemn covering the meeting
concluded its session. It might truly be said
that the best wine was reserved to the last.
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
Foreign. — The steamship Faraday has begun to load
the new Atlantic cable.
The Suez Canal difficulty has been settled by De
Lessep's acceptance of the tonnage rates prescribed by
the International Commission.
The Marquis of Salisbury, Secretary for India, has
stated in the House of Lords that the ne.\t hardest in
India promised to be abundant, and the present pro-
vision against famine was undoubtedly ample.
In the House of Commons a member moved that the
suddenness of the late dissolution of Parliament is de-
serving the censure of the House. He declared that
Gladstone had resorted to a stratagem wliich was un-
generous to his friends, insolent to his opponents, and
barely honest to the nation. Cxladstone replied with
warmth and indignation, defending the act of dissolu-
tion wbich be declared would have been more incon-
venient had it been postponed. The motion was nega-
tived without a division.
Gladstone in a speech on the budget, said he regarded
the reduction in the income tax as an important step
towards its entire abolition. He approved of the re-
moval of the duties on sugar, but opposed the abolition
of house licences and also the method proposed for the
relief of local taxation. The bill abolishing the sugar
duties tinally passed the House of Commons.
The House of Commons has voted the grant of £25,-
000 to General Wolseley, recommended in a special
message of the Queen.
The application of Dr. Kenealy for a new trial for
Arthur Orton, on the ground of want of jurisdiction by
the Court, and that the verdict was not in accordance
with the evidence, has been refused, thus finally dis-
posing of the ajiplication.
The gross receipts of the British railroads have more
than doubled within fourteen years.
The French steamsiiip .Imerique, which was towed
into Plymouth, Eng., after being freed from water was
examined. Her hull was found to be tiglit, but the
valves were opened. Claims for salvage have been fileil
on behalf of the vessels wbich brought the abandoned
steamer into port. The .Vdmiralty Court have fixed
iier bail at £12.5,000, and on this being given she will
be allowed to proceed to Havre.
The total number of paupers in London 4th mo. 4th,
was 104,983, of whom 36,073 were in work houses, and
68,910 received out door relief. For several vears the
number of paupers has steadily diminished, and is now
30,130 less than it was three years ago.
In the House of Commons the Home Secretary has
introduced a bill amending the licensing act. It fi.xes
the closing hour of public houses half an hour later at
night.
A Bayonne dispatch .says: The Carlists in the north
of Spain have organized a government with a regular
Cabinet, in which General Elio is Minister of War;
Admiral Vinalet, Foreign Affairs, and Senor Pinal,
Finance and Interior.
According to Madrid dispatches the Carlists before
Bilboa have been compelled by the heavy fire of the
Republican batteries, to abandon their positions at
Portugalete and San Turco. A rumor was current in
Madrid on the 20th ult., that the Carlists have asked
Serrano for amnesty ; it was also reported that they had
released all their prisoners of war. Three million reals
intended for the Carlists, have been seized in San-
tander.
Castelar has written a letter in which he declares
himself in favor of a federal republic.
On the 20th ult. the Neva was clear of ice at St.
Petersburg, and navigation had been re-opened.
Later advices from Acheen say that the Dutch troops
attacked the Acheenese entrenchments near Traton,
but were repulsed, losing eight men killed and sixty
wounded.
The authorities of San Domingo have removed the
flag of the Samana Bay Company and resumed posses-
sion of the bay and surrounding territory.
Advices from Hayti are to the effect that a revolution
is imminent, and the foreigners were transporting their I
valuables to the various consulates for safety. The
north has its candidate for the Presidency, but it is
alleged that there is a determination that General
Dominique, the southern candidate, shall be made
President whether duly elected or not.
The emancipated peasants of Russia are gradu.ally
availing themselves of the privilege of purcliasing their
homes, with ground attached, secured by the emancipa-
tion acts. On 2d mo. 1st last, among twelve millions
liberated in the western provinces, 7,0S8,010 had un-
dertaken the redemption in question. In the govern-
ment of the east the proportion was still larger.
London 4th mo. 27th. The rate of discount in open
market for three months bills is 3i per cent., which is
the same as the Bank of England. Consols 92| a 92J.
Liverpool. Breadstufis quiet. Middlings cotton, Sjrf.
a 8 7-Wd.
United States. — The bill which passed both
Houses of Congress for increasing the issue of U. S.
legal tender notes and national bank currency, has been
vetoed by President Grant. In his message to the
Senate accompanying the return of the bill, he objects
strongly to any increase of the paper circulation, and
declares that the theory of inflating the currency is a
departure from the true principles of finance, national
interest and national obligation to creditors. The Pre-
sident thinks measures should be taken to enable the
government to redeem its notes in coin at the earliest
practicable moment, and with that view advises that
the revenues of the country should be increased so as
to pay the current expenses, provide for the sinking
fund required by law, and also a surplus to be retained
in the Treasury in gold.
The veto of this measure has disappointed the expec-
tations of many, but appears to meet with pretty general
approval in all the great centres of trade and business.
The interments in Philadelphia for the week ending
4th mo. ISth, numbered 363, and in that ending 4th
mo. 2otb, 349.
The deaths in New York last week w^re 439.
An overflow of the lower Mississippi and its tribu-
taries, has devastated e.xtensive districts and caused
much suffering to the inhabitants, thousands of wliom
have been deprived of the means of subsistence. Sub-
scriptions for their relief have been opened in several
of the nortliern cities. The inundated district has about
178,000 inhabitants, and an area of perhaps 5,000,000
acres.
The National Crop Reporter estimates the number of
sheep to be sheared in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas,
Miruiesota, Missouri, Ohio and Wisconsin, at 11,143,-
000, against 10,016,000 last year.
The principal buildings of the Columbian Flour
Mills, Richmond, Va., have been destroyed by fire, with
the machinery and a large quantity of flour and grain.
Estimated loss §500,000.
The Louisville, Nashville and Great Southern Rail-
road Company, and t(te Pullman Palace Car Company,
have leased the celebrated Mammoth Cave Hotel, and
the grounils attached to it, for a period of twenty years,
for $10,000 per annum. They propose to enlarge the
buildings and to construct a railroad from Gta.sgow
.Junction to the cave.
The Secretary of War asks Congress for an appro-
priation of j90,000 to enable him to affurd relief to the
sufferers by the overflow of the Mississippi. No sup-
plies can be spared from the military stations, and the
rations will have to be purchased. The estimate is
made on the prospect of feeding 20,000 persons for
twenty-five days.
The total exports of wheat and flour from all United
States ports, and Montreal, Canada, from 9th mo. 1st,
1873, to 3d mo. 14th, 1874, were equal to .52,927,935
bushels of wheat, an increase over the corresponding
period 1872—73, of 23,396,799 bushels.
Ulie M(Lrkets, etc. — The following were the quotations
on the 27th ult. New York. — American gold, 113J.
U. S. sixes, 1881, Reg. 119|i Coupons 12U; ditto,
1868, 119} ; ditto, 5 per cents, 114| a 115. Superfjj
flour, $5.60 a 86; State extra, i6.25 a S6.65; finr
brands, §7 a$10.30. No. 1 Chicagospring wheat, SI 'i; ,
No. 2 do., Sl.52; red western, "$1.60 a S1.62; whb
Michigan, S1.80. Oats, 63 a 67 cts. W^estern mis'l
corn, 83 a 87 cts. ; Jersey yellow, 86 cts. ; southcii
white, 90 a 92 cts. Pkiladelpliia. — Middlings cott',
17f a 18} cts. for uplands and New Orleans. SuperKs
flour, S5.25 a $5.75 ; extras, §6 a S6.50 ; finer bran^,
$7 a S10.-50. No. 1 spring wheat, §1.60 a «:i.63; I.
2do.,-Sl.55; western red, S1.05 a S1.70 ; Penna. d,
S1.78 a Sl.SO; western white, $1.85. Rye, Sl.t.
Yellow corn, 85 cts. ; white, 85 cts. Oats, 60 a 64 c.
Lard, 10} a lOi cts. Clover-seed, 9 J a lO-V cts. Abe)
2200 beef cattle sold at
a 7j cts. per lb. gross )•
extra; 6} a 7 for fair to good, and 6 cts. for comiii
Sheep sold at 6 a 9 cts. per lb. gross, and hogs at SS.
per 1 00 lb. net. Baltimore. — Choice white wheat. Si. (
a Sl.88 ; fair to prime do., SI. 65 a $1.80 ; good to prirr
red, $1.75 a $1.80; common to fair do., SI. 60 a .$1.7
Penna red, $1.80 a Sl.82; Ohio and Indiana, $1.55
SI. 65. Yellow corn, 82 a 83 cts. ; white, 83 a 85 c
Oats, 60 a 64 cts. Chicago. — No. 2 spring wheat, SI.'.
No. 3 do., $1.19. No. 2 mixed corn, 64 cts. No.!
oats, 46 cts. No. 2 rye, 92 cts. No. 2 spring barb,
$1.58 a $1.60. St. LoiiU.—'So. 2 winter red whe,
Si. 40; No. 2 spring, S1.26. No. 2 mixed corn, 67 c.
No. 2 oats, 49 a 50 cts. Cincinnati. — Wheat, $1.-.
Corn, 65 a 68 cts. Oats, 48 a 56 cts. Rye, $1.(.
Lard, 10 cts.
AVESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
The Summer Ses.sion of the School will commem
on Second-day the 4th of Fifth month.
Pupils who have been regularly entered and who i
by the cars from Philadelphia, can obtain tick
the depot of the West Chester and Philadelphia
road, corner of Thirty-first and Chestnut street-
giving their names to the Ticket-agent there, v;
furnished with a list of the pupils for that purpose, i
such case the passage, including the stage fare from t!
Railroad Station, will be charged at the School, to.)
paid for with the other incidental ch.arges .at the clc)!
of the term. Tickets can also be procured of the Trij-
surer, 304 Arch St. Conveyances will be at the Stre;
Road St.\tion on Second and Third-days, the 4th a 1
5th of the month, to meet the trains that leave Phi ■
delphia at 7.50 and 10 A. Ji., and 12.10 and 2.30 P. :>[
6®°" Baggage may be left either at Thirty-first a I
Chestnut streets or at Eighteenth and Market. If U
at the latter place, it must be put under the caret
H. Alexander & Sons, who will convey it thence |»
Thirty-first and Chestnut at a charge of 10 cents jlr
trunk, to be paid to them. Those who prefer can ha>.
their l)aggage sent for to any place in the built-up p:ti
of the City, by sending word on the day previct
(through the post-office or otherwise) to H. Alexancr
& Sons, N. E. corner of ISth and Market Sts. Th.:
charge in such case for taking baggage to Thirty-fi*
and Chestnut streets, will be 25 cents per trunk. ?•
the same charge they will also collect baggage fron. i •
other railroad depots, if the checks are left at their i il ■
corner of 18th and Market Sts. Baggage put i:r.i
their care, if properly marked, will not require an/
tention from the owners, either at the West Phiiad-
phia depot, or at the Street Road Station, but will i
forwarded direct to the School. It may not always ■
on the same <ra(?i as the owner, but it will go on t:
same day, provided the notice to H. Alexander & Sci
reaches them in time.
During the Session, passengers for the School wl
be met at the Street Road Station, on the arrival of ti
first train from the City, every day except First-day:
and small packages for the pupils, if left at Friem
Book Store, No. 304 .Jirch street, will be forward 1
every Sixth-day at 12 o'clock, and the expense charg
in their bills.
Fourth month 20th, 1874. 'ii
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE. "
Near Frankford, {Twenty-third Ward,) Philadelphia
Physician and Superintendent — Joshua H. WorT'
INOTON, M. D.
Applications for the Admission of Patients may :
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the l\oardi
Managers,
Died, near Darlington, Harford Co., Maryland,
the 24th of 12ih mo. 1873, Sarah W., wife of Sami
W. Maris, in the 50th year of her age.
WILLIAM H. PILE, PRINTER.
No. 422 Walnut Street.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. XLVII.
SEVENTH-DAY, FIFTH MONTH 9, 1874.
NO. 38.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
Price Two Dollars per annum, if paid in advance. Two
dollars and fifty cents, if not paid in advance.
i Subacriptions and Payments received by
JOHN S. STOKES,
AT NO. 116 NORTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS,
FHILADEIiFHIA.
[Postage, when paid quarterly in advance, five cents.
For "Tlie Friend."
The Heart of Africa, by Dr, Schweiufnrth.
(CoDtinued fi'om page '^0.,
Towards midda}' on the 24th thej^ reached
iFashoda, and thus after a prosperous progress
'arrived at the limit of the Egyptian empire.
iHere the}' were detained nine days, waiting
jfor the arrival of other boats, and our author
took occasion to visit some of the villages of
ithe Shillooks, a tribe of Central Africa, who
'occupied a territory, extending aboiit 200
'miles along the west bank of the Nile. They
.number about 1,200,000 people, and were then
lOnly partially subject to the Egyptian rule —
the southern tribes being quite hoslilo.
Their villages are clusters of huts so closely
.crowded together as to suggest the resem
,blance to a thick mass of mushrooms or
ifungi. The men are entirely naked, excepting
a coating of ashes with which they are smear-
ed to protect them from insects. The women
wuar an apron of calfskin which is bound
round their loins. These people raise oxen,
sheep, goats, and poultiy, and keep dogs which
assist in the chase of wild animals. Their
government is very well developed. Every
village has its overseer, whilst the overseers
of fifty, or seventy, or sometimes of one hun-
'dred villages, are subject to a superintendent,
'who has the control of a district.
Of the natural productions of the country
our author remarks : '■ The acacia groves pro
duce gum in such unlimited quantities uhat,
in the interests of commerce, they are speci-
ally worthy of regard. In the winter time,
■ with the greatest ease in the course of a daj'
ua hundredweight of this valuable article could
be collected by one man. They extend over
an area a hundred miles square, and stretch
along the right bank of the stream. The kind
which is most conspicuous is the A. fistula,
and which is as rich as any other variety in
gummy secretions. I choose this definition
of it from its Arabian appellation ' sottar,'
which signifies a flute or pipe. From the
larvae of insects which have worked a wa}' to
the inside, their ivor3--white shoots are often
■ 'distorted in form and swollen out at their base
with globular bladders measuring about an
inch in diameter. After the mysterious insect
has unaccountably managed to glide out of
t its cii'cular hole, this thorn-like shoot becomes
a sort of musical instrument, upon which the
wind as it plays produces the regular sound
of a flute; on this account, the natives of the
Soudan have named it the whistling-tree. It
yields a portion of the gum known on the ex-
change as gum of Gedaref. It is often found
in lumps as large as the fist ; it is rarely color-
less, and more frequently than otherwise
tinged with the hue of amber.
" Very striking is the sight afforded by the
wood of acacias in the mouths of winter; the
boughs, bare of leaves and white as chalk,
stretch out like ghosts ; they are covered with
the empty pods, which cluster ever3'where
like flakes of snow ; whilst the voices of a
thousand flutes give out their hollow dirge.
Such is the forest of the soffar.
"On the 5lh of February we finally left
the Egyptian encampment, and directed our
course up the stream towards the region of
the papyrus. After sailing all night we stop-
ped just short of the mouth of the Sobat, on
the right bank close to a forest. The progress
of the coming days would lead us through an
insecure territory ; we wanted to make up
our supply of wood, and knew that the hos-
tility of the Shillooks would, in many places,
render any attempt at landing on our part
unadvisable. Of the boats which were bound
for the Gazelle, only one had arrived. In
order to render us assistance, the Mudir had
charged the owner not to leave my party in
the lurch. This circumstance had a very im-
portant effect upon my whole journej^, as it
was the means of introducing me to Moham-
med Aboo Sammat, who was proprietor of
the boat. This magnanimous Nubian was des-
tined to exercise a very considerable influ-
ence on my undertaking, and, indeed, he con-
tributed more to my success than all the
satraps of the Soudan. During my land jour-
ney I had first made his acquaintance, and
now, he invited me to be his guest until he
should have accompanied me to the remotest
tribes, a proposal on his part which made my
blood tingle in my veins. A native of I)ar-
Kenoos, in his way he was a little hero. Sword
in hand he had vanquished various districts
large enough to have formed small states in
Europe. A merchant full of enterprise, he
avoided no danger, and was sparing neither of
trouble nor of sacrifice ; in the words of the
Iloraz, ' he explored the distant Indies, and
compassed sea and land to escape poverty.'
Yet all the while he had the keenestsympathy
with learning, and could travel through the
remotest countries at the bidding of science
to see the wonders of the world.
" We kept quite close to the right bank of
the uninhabited quarter, but on the same day
we found ourselves in full flight before thou-
sands of the native Shillooks, who, with their
light canoesofambatch, hastened to the bank,
and in thick troops prepared to displace us.
As fate would have it, just as we were within
sight of the dreaded Shillooks, our sailyard
broke, and we were compelled to seek the
land. Soon rose the cry, ' They arc coming !
they are coming!' for in fact wo could seo
them dashing over the stream with incredible
celerity, and crowding their canoes as thick
as ants. Hardly had we regained our ci'aft,
and made some speed}' preparations for de-
fence against an attack, when the foremost of
the Shillook men, equipped for war, carrying
Lhcir tufted lances in their hands, showed
themselves by the banks which only now wo
had quitted. Apparently they came to offer
some negotiation with us in the way of traffic ;
l)ut ours was the ancient policy, ' Danaos
limentes,' and we pushed on.
"Although, including Aboo Sammat's party,
we numbered fully eighty armed men, we
could not help suspecting that as soon as the
north-east breeze should drop, by whose aid
we were going along the stream without a
sail, the savages would take advantage of our
bad situation and inadequate fighting force to
make an attack upon us.
" This fear was not without reason ; there
were here, at a guess, at least 10,000 Shillooks
on their legs and 3000 atiibatch canoes in mo-
tion on the river. Accordingly we pushed up
the stream, and had an opportunity, from a
more secure neighborhood, to observe the
Shillooks more accurately. My telescope aided
me in my investigation. I saw crowds of men
violently gesticulating and contending ; I saw
women burdened with baskets loaded with
poultry clapping their wings. After a while
the Shillooks, disappointed, began to vacate
the bank which we had left, and on the river
could be seen a redoubled movement of the
canoes, whilst opposite fresh multitudes pour-
ed in, and gave to the whole scene the appear-
ance of a general emigration of the people.
" Within the last three yeai-s the boats had
been permitted with reluctance, and only
when several were together, to approach tho
shore at this part of the stream, for here tt
had happened in one single season that five
vessels, tho property of Khartoom merchants,
as they were coming down tho river laden
with ivory, were treacherously attacked one
after the other. The stratagem was employed
of diverting the attention of the crews by an
exhibition of attractive merchandise; while
the Nubians were off their guard, at a given
signal the Shillooks fell upon them and butch-
ered them without exception. Gunpowder,
rifles, and valuable ivory, all fell into their
hands ; the vessels they burnt. Ghattas him-
self, the merchant who owned the vessel by
which I was travelling, suffered the loss of a
costly cargo, while eighty men on that occa-
sion met with a violent death. Only the Reis
and one female slave escaped to Fashoda.
Betimes they threw themselves into the water,
and concealing their heads with some water
weeds, floated on till the stream carried them
out of tho reach of harm.
" On tho following morning, after we had
passed the mouth of the Giraffe river, we were
joined by a flotilla of six boats. As we reckon-
298
THE FRIEND.
ed DOW nearly 350 armed men, we felt that
we could venture without risk to enter upon
commercial transactions with the Shillooks.
The disturbed condition of the country had
interfered to prevent them carrying about
their merchandise as usual, and they now
were collected in unusual numbers at the
mart.
"A mile away from the river-bank there
were rows of dome-palms bounding a broad
level, on which was exhibited all the liveli-
ness of ordinary market-clatter. Busy and
bustling, there were thousands congregated to-
gether; but the fear this time was nut on our
side. From fur and near streamed in the na
tives ; many brought baskets full of corn, eggs,
butter, beans, and ostrich feathers ; others
oftered poultry', tied together in bunches, for
sale: there was altogether the bustle of such
a market as onlj' the largest towns could dis-
play. The area was hemmed in by a guard
of armed men, whoso lances, like standing
corn, glittered in the sun. The sense of secu-
rity raised the spirits of the light-hearted
sailors, and their merry Nubian songs rose
cheerfully in the air. Two hours slipped
quickly away, while the necessary purchases
wore being made, the medium of exchange
being white or red glass beads. Soon after-
wards a favorable breeze sprung up. Every-
thing was still active in the market; fresh
loads came teeming from the villages ; the
outcry and gesticulations of the market peo-
ple were as excited as ever, when suddenly-
there boomed the signal to embark. The con-
fusion, the noise, the hurry which ensued
baffle all description; the Shillooks were in a
panic, and, imagining that it must be all up
with them, scampered off and- jostled each
other in every direction."
CTo be continned.)
For "The Friend."
Memoirs and Letters of Sarah llillman.
tCt'iitinut.d from page 274.)
The manuscripts yet remaining of Sarah
Hillman aie confined exclusively to letters to
her friends, it is proposed to make a lew
seleciioiis from these before concluding the
"Memoirs."
" Plulnila. 3(1 mo. 26th, 1840.— Truly the
enemy of all righieousness is seeking to laj-
waste the whole heritage; but I believe He
who is mighty to save will arise and put a
hook in his jaws, and say to his oppressed
little ones, 'Fear not, I am thy salvation.'
Sure I am that our Eedeemer is mighty, the
Lord of hosts is his name; He will yet be
jealous for his land and pity his people, and
when the full time is come, such as have been
seeking to overturn, and to lay waste, and to
pull down, and to set up a worship of their
own making, will be made to feel as the Babel-
builders of old, when they were confounded
in their purpose, and could not understand
each other's language, yea the day cometh
when they shall bo driven, I believe, unless
they repent and return, as a rolling thing be-
fore the whirlwind.
The prospect of a Yearly Meeting under
such circumstances is not without many fears
for the precious cause ; and well knowing my
own unworthiness I can hardly tell thoe how
very low my spirit sinks; but am sometimes
strengthened to desire that I was more wor-
thy to share in the sufferings of this day of
exercise, and more worthy too, at the moving
of the Divine finger, in the might He gives
when He says, 'Go in this thy might,' to follow
Him wheresoever He leads.
Well then, seeing that we have known thai
from Him cometh our salvation, let us not
grow weary of suffering, nor faint in our
minds, for though the mountains may depart
and the hills be removed, we have the un-
shaken assurance, 'ray loving-kindness shall
not depart from thee, neither shall the cove-
nant of my peace be removed, saith the Lord
that hath mercy on thee.'
Ah then, dear friends, lot us gird up the
loins of our minds, be sober, and hope to the
end, for the grace that is to be brought unto
us at the revelation of Jesus Christ. When
he veils his face and seems to be clean gone
for ever we cannot but mourn ; nevertheless
at every renewed revelation of himself in the
secret of our souls, as we thus abide patient
in waiting, we shall be prepared to acknow-
ledge, ' This is He, this is He, whom my soul
loves, the chiel'est of ten thousands, tho alto
gether lovely. This is the Lord, we have
waited for him, and He will save us ; we have
waited lor him, we will bo glad and rejoice in
his salvation.' "
"Philada. 3d mo. I9th, 1841.— Thou hast
certainly judged truly that I find it not easj-
to bear hardness, and yet if I know my own
heart, I do crave mercy to be found faithful,
let tho sufferings be never so many, the re-
proach never so great. The day is coming
when it will bo seen who they are that have
been on the side of Jesse's favored Son, and
who have turned aside alter vanity. Well
will it be for all those who have krpt their
first love, who have retained their greenness,
who receiving theirsapf'rom the [jiving Head,
and abiding in the Vine, are found fruit bear-
ing blanches to his praise.
I apprehend there never was a day when
there was more need to repair to the strong-
hold, the strong Tower, the Fortress, the ever-
lasting Foundation, than in this day; nor of
watching unto prayer, that t^o we may keep
unspotted our garments, yea keep our habita-
tion in the truth; j'et surely 'He who was,
and is, and is to come,' will keep Israel, as the
apple (jf his eye. His promises are yea and
amen forever, and of the increase of his gov-
ernment and peace there shall never be an
end. 'Fear not,' says He, to 'worm Jacob, I
will strengthen thee, yea, I will help thee,
yea, I will uphold thee with the right hand
of my righteousness.'
Poor as is thy friend who now addresses
thee, the very prayer of my spirit is to bo en-
abled more and more to cast all my care upon
this ever living, ever present Helper of his
people, who knoweth our frame, and remem-
bers that we are dust, and therefore in his
unutterable mercy breaks through the clouds
at seasons, in his own time and way, and so
shines upon our otherwise dark and dreary
onely way, as to cheer and animate our poor
souls, still to pursue though faint, the mark
for the prize, the path He marked by his suf-
ferings unto death, and is now by his blessed
Spirit loading his faithful sons and daughters
into his everlastingly glorious kingdom.
Are wo so happy as to bo heirs with those
who have gone before us? The time to some
of us may be very near ; and what a speck at
the longest, life is, compared with the count-
less ages of eternity ! How glorious then will
be tho recompense for years of sorrow here ;
even joy unspeakable and full of glory, world
without end.
* * * Truly I feel the need of the syi
pathy of such as can feel for the trials of th
day of treading down. It seems to me tl
poor servants who have to blosv the trump
on the holy hill, may now if ever, adopt tl
language formerly uttered, ' We are accoiin
ed as the offscouring and refuse in the mill
of the people;' nevertheless there is somethir
within that does keep from sinking, and i
times the blessed assurance is, 'Jerusale
shall be inhabited again as towns witlioi
walls,' &c., and ' my people shall dwell in sui
dwellings, and quiet resting places, when
shall hail, coming down on the forest, and tL
city shall be Jow in a low place.'
W^e had a good Quarterly Meeting ; a frea
evidence was then granted that the glory
not wholly departed, and my faith has bee
and is, that it never will ; but that there wi
be brighter days to this people. I may not liv
to see them, but it seems to me children no
born will ; when there shall come many pe(
pie and strong nations, who under a convii
tionof the blessedness of the Truth itself, an
of the doctrines and testimonies thereof t
held and promulgated by George Fox and h
cotemporaries of that day, and by all the:
faithful successors since up to this day, wb
shall have to saj' as a poor Indian woma
whom C. Healy had visited said, ' What w
have heard this day is the eternal truth (
God.' And as some formerly said, ' We wi
go with 3'ou, for we have seen that God
with you.'
May we each be found faithful at our post
saith my soul, that wo may be favored in th
conclusion of all things here below, to hes
tho welcome salutation, 'Come ye blessed (
inj^ Father, inherit the kingdom prepared fc
}'ou from the foundation of the world.'"
" Philada. 5th mo. 3lst, 1841.— I ventured t
inform my friends on Third-day last, whithe
mj' spirit was pressed to go, which is no les
than to the Yearly Meeting of New England
this thou wilt feel to be no light or < asy ma
ter to me; some ma}' perhaps s:iy it is onl
a made up concern, as dear E. Pittield i
similarly circumstanced, and was by wome
Friends united with before 1 opened my pre
spect, which was without any reference t
her concern at all, not having known tha
she had any such view, until 1 had suffered s
much for my rebellion, as to be made wiUin,
to resign all up if so be hope might agai
spring up.
We went together into the men's meeting
and wore set at liberty. Whilst we stale
tear J. Snowden who knew not, I believe, c
our prospect, expressed a willingness to ac
company us. Very cordial to us was thisoffei!
and which was united with by the meeting
So we three poor pilgrims are banded togethef
and emphatically going forth ' lowing as w
go ;' 3'et under a sensible concern that the arf
of the testimony may not fall into the hand
of the uncircumcised ; and assured in the be
lief that the}' with whom it resteth, whereve
thej' are or however proved, will be blessed.
1 doubt not our lot will be by the bitte:
waters of Marah; but so that we are only ii
our lot, it matters not whether it be a lodgi
in a garden of cucumbers, or as a besiegec
city, if we faint not ; whether sitting in doej
humiliation as Mordecai at tho gate bowailint
our own desolate condition, and tho jeopard}
of our people; or enjoying more sensible ovi
donees of the Divine mercy and lovingkind
ness, all is acceptable to Him who is Lord o
I
THE FRIEND.
299
Ik ords and King of kings, He truly neodeth not
lli8 nor any ol' our poor works to add to hia
«pi jlory or perfections, yet nevertlieless it hath
til pleased him, from very early days to make
M ise of means to work his own ends. Shall the
idi thing formed say to Him, What makest thou?
liii A.h no 1 rather, here am I Lord, do with me as
liseeraeth good unto thee.
lei Trulj' there is no cause to mourn, but rather
onto rejoice in the blessed foretaste of that joy
irjunspeakable and full of glory, which in frui-
lition they who have been faithful in their
tkjgeneration now enjoy. For,
I ' Soon shall close our earthly mission,
;ij Soon shall pass our pilgrim 4a_vs,
• jj Hope shall change to glad fruition,
Faith to sight, and prayer to praise.' "
(To be continaed.)
Commercial Mania.
In 1711, six years before Law's Mississippi
Company was formed, Robert Harley, Earl of
Oxford and Lord Treasurer, procured an Act
of Parliament, appointing that, " to the intent
that the trade to the South Sea be carried on
for the honor, and increase of the wealth and
riches of this realm,", a company should be
formed with the exclusive privilege of trading,
colonising, and fighting in the southern seas,
and along the whole western side of South
America. The members of this South Sea
Company were to be the holders of the Gov-
ernment bonds for the National Debt, then
amounting to nearly £10,000,000, the interest
of which, if not the principal, it was thought
could easily bo paid out of the profits of com-
merce with the gold and silver districts of
Peru and Chili. After the company was
formed, it transpired that the King of Spain
claimed more than a fourth of their profits
for permitting English merchants to deal with
his colonists, and then only sanctioned their
Bending one shipload of negroes every year;
but even with this limitation great benefits
were anticipated, especially as the English
reckoned that, if they were only allowed to
trade at all, they could make the trade as ex
tensive as they liked. The preparations were
tardy, and the first vessel did not leave Eng-
land till 1717 ; then the war with Spain, which
broke out in the following 3'ear, made orderly
commerce with Chili and Peru impossible.
But before this the South Sea stock-holders
discovered that South Sea traflic was an un-
important part of their enterprise. From the
first, the new company was in favor with the
public, and a busy trade was carried on in its
shares. The Mississippi Company, started in
Paris in 1717, showed how this trade might
be augmented. The South Sea Company
offered to increase its capital, and so be able
to lend £2,000,000 to the State, and the Bank
of England, stirred up to rivalry, made a
similar offer. A fierce war was carried on
between the Bank and the Company during
more than two years, and, in their efforts to
outbid one another with the government and
the country, a turmoil of stockjobbing was
engendered, which received no check from
the wretched failure of the Mississippi scheme
in 1719. By the commencement of 1720 the
South Sea stock had risen nearly two hundred
per cent, in value, and all that its holders de-
sired was, by promises that could not possibly
be realized, to raise the value yet more, and
so to sell their shares at great profit. In this
they succeeded for a time. The Company
triumphed over the Bank. In February, 1720,
a bill was brought into Parliament, authoriz-
ing it to take upon itself the whole national
debt, growing rapidly, and then exceeding
£30,000,000, and the bill became a law in
April.
In vain Sir Robert Walpole warned the
country that "the great principle of the pro-
ject was an evil of first-rate magnitude. It
was to raise artificiall}' the value of stock, by
exciting and keeping up a general infatuation ;
and, by promising dividends out of funds
which could never be adequate to the jjurpose,
it would hold out a dangerous line to decoy
the unwary to their ruin, by making them
part with the earnings of their labor for a
prospect of imaginary wealth." The warning
was unheeded. The madness of speculation
that had just ruined France had seized Eng-
land, with nearly equal violence.
The South Sea mania, rampant in February,
1720, increased till August, when each £100
share was worth £1,000. 'Change Alley,
swarmingwith professional andamatcur stock
jobbers of every rank and of both sexes, was
aptly compared by Swift to a gulf in the South
Sea.
" Subscribers here by thousands float,
And jostle one another down,
Each paddling in his leaky boat,
And here they fish for gold, and drown."
Humbler poets described the mania in street
ballads and coffee-house epigrams without
number. One said —
"Then stars and garters did appear
Among the meaner rabble,
To buy and sell, to see and hear
The Jews and Gentiles squabble.
" The greatest ladies thither came,
And plied in chariots daily.
Or pawned their jewels for a sum
To venture in the Alley."
The South Sea bubble wasonly the greatest
among a crowd of great bubbles. The older
companies shared in the brief show of imagin-
ary prosperity. Ea^'t India Stock, worth £100,
rose to bo worth £-i45 ; and African Stock, ad-
vanced in value from £23 to £200. There is
extant a list of nearly two hundred principal
bubble companies started in this year of bub-
bles, their nominal capital varying from £1,-
000,000 to £10,000,000 apiece," and the total
of the whole exceeding £300,000,000. " Any
impudent impostor," says the contemporary
historian, "whilst the delusion was at its
height, needed only to hire a room at some
coffee-house or other house near Exchange
Alley for a few hours, and open a subscrip-
tion-book for somewhat relative to commerce
plantation, or some supposed invention, either'
hatched out of bis own brain or else stolen
from some of the many abortive projects ol
former times, having first advertised it in the
newspapers of the preceding day, and he
might in a few hours find subscribers for one
or two millions, in some cases more, of im-
aginary stock. Many of these very subscribers
were far from believing those projects feasible.
It was enough for their purpose that there
would soon be a premium on the receipts for
those subscriptions, when they generally got
rid of them in the crowded alley's to others
more credulous than themselves." One com-
pany, with a capital of £3,000,000, was "for
insuring to all masters and mistresses the
losses they may sustain by servants;" another
was "for furnishing merchants and others
with watches ;" a third, with a capital of £1,-
000,000, was " for a wheel for perpetual mo-
tion ;" a fourth was for making salt water
fresh ; a fifth wa-< "forplanting niulberrj-trees
and breeding silkworms in Chelsea Park;"
and a si.Kth was designed "to import a num-
ber of large jackasses from Spain, in order to
propagate a larger kind of mule in England" —
as if there were not already jackasses enough
in London. So preposterous were many of
the genuine projects, that it is hard to say
whetiier it was in jest or in earnest that an
advertisement was issued announcing that
" at a certain place, on Tuesda}' next, books
will be ojiencd for a subscription of £2,000,-
000 for the invention of melting sawdust and
chips, and casting them into clean deal boards,
without cracks or knots." Another advertise-
ment invited speculators to pay £2 as a do-
posit on each of five thousand £100 shares in
" a company for carrying on an undertaking
of great atlvantage, but nobody to know what
it is," the remaining £98 for each share being
due in a month's time, when the details of the
scheme were to be published. The name of
the promoter of this secret company was
never known, but his advertisement drew so
many adventurers on the appointed day that
in less than six hours he had received a thou-
sand deposits of £2 each. With that success
ho was satisfied. Instead of waiting for an-
other day, in which his transparent fraud
might be exposed, he pocketed the £2,000,
and decamped the same night.
The South Sea mania lasted a shorter time
and had fewer victims in England than the
Mississippi mania in France ; but it was great
enough to prove a source of ruin to hundreds
of thousands, and of serious national discredit.
Daring eight months every coffee-house was a
stock exchange, subject to no laws of honesty,
and swaj'cd by rampant folly; and the milli-
ner's shops were put to like uses by those
ladies who could not stand the crush of the
men's meeting-places.
Quarrels among the South Sea directors
opened the eyes of the public, and the great
bubble and all the lesser bubbles suddenly
collapsed. Early in August, 1720, the South
Sea shares were bought eagerly for £1,000
apiece; late in September they could not be
sold for £150. George I., then in Hanover,
hurried back to England. Parliament made
a searching inquiry into the slate of affairs.
Many ringleaders of the fraud were severely
punished ; and efforts were made to lessen the
misfortunes of those whom they had beguiled.
In Februaty, 1721, the chief culpt it, Aislabie,
the Chancellor of the Exchequer, who had
used his ofticial position to inflate the bubble,
was committed to the Tower of London, and
a huge bonfire on Tower Hill showed him, on
the first night of his captivity, what sort of
vengeance the London mob would have been
glad to execute on him and his accomplices.
Great injur}- was done to multitudes, and the
commerce of the country was crippled during
many years, — Bourne.
How much we are called to suffer as well
as do — the will of God. When I have bid one
of my children sit down quietly and remain
silent during my pleasure, i enjoin him a
much more difficult task than the most active
service ; and yet 1 expected it to bo done be-
cause I ordered it. How is it, that I have
not yet learned to sit still when I am bid. —
Cecil.
300
THE FRIEND.
For "The Friend."
Although the following was written for
those whose modes of worship differ materi-
ally from that of Friends, yet the latter may
take some useful hints from it, and profit from
them.
" LONG PRAYERS NOT MOST BENEFICIAL.
The Saviour said, When ye pray, use not
vain repetitions; which is often neglected, par-
ticularly in prayer after sermons at funerals,
when the bereft family are remembered. Cer
tain passages are sometimes gone over four
or five times which might be summed up so
that one or two repetitions would be prefer-
able, and answer every purpose, save time,
and not weary the congregation. It is also
often the case in regular church service while
in the act of prayer to step from prayer to an
admonition, and thus speaking to the congre-
gation instead of prayer, thereby taking up
much time, weary the people, and cause them
to speak unfavorable of us.
It is true all conditions of men should be
remembered in our prayers ; but we should
try and sum them up in as few words as pos-
sible, and remember that the Saviour said.
Tour Father knoweth what things ye have
need of before ye ask him. The reason of
writing the above is because we now and then
hear it said, and not without truth, O, he
takes up too much time in prayer, forgets
himself, and falls into preaching. This should
be avoided as much as possible. I am not
speaking of any certain individual, but mean
all.
May God pardon all our shortcomings,
grant us mercy, and receive us in grace for
Jesus' sake." — From the Herald of Truth.
Selected.
SHINING STARS.
Shine, ye stars of heaven,
On a world of pain !
See old Time destroying
All our hoarded grain ;
All our sweetest flower-s,
Every stately slirine,
All our hard-earned glory,
Every dream divine !
Shine, ye stars of heaven,
On the rolling years !
See how Time, consoling,
Dries the saddest tears ;
Bids the darkest storm-clouds
Pass in gentle rain,
While uprise in glory
Flowers and dreams again 1
Adelaide A. Proctor.
Use of Tobacco. — Tobacco belongs to the
class of narcotic and exciting substances, and
has no food value. Stimulation means ab-
stracted, not added force. It involves the
narcotic paralysis of a portion of the func-
tions, the activity of which is essential to
healthy life. It will be said that tobacco
soothes and cheers the weary toiler, and so-
laces the overworked brain. Such may be
its momentary effects, but the sequel cannot
be ignored. All such expedients are falla-
cious. AVhen a certain amount of brain-work
or handwork has been performed, nature must
have space to recuperate, and all devices for
escaping from this necessity will fail. It is a
bad policy to set the house on fire to warm
our hands by the blaze. Let it, then, be clearly
understood that the temporary excitement
produced by tobacco is gained by the destruc-
tion of vital force, that it contains absolute!}'
nothing which can be of use to the tissues of
the body. Tobacco adds no potential strength
to the human frame. It may spur a wearied
brain or feeble arm to undue exertion for a
short time, but its work is destructive, not
constructive. It cannot add one molecule to
the plasm out of which our bodies are daily
built up. On the contrary' it exerts on it a
most deleterious influence. It does notsupply,
but diminishes, vital force. It has been denied
that tobacco leads to organic diseases, but the
evidence is very strong the other way, and it
would be very remarkable if continued func-
tional derangement did not ultimately lead
to chronic derangement of the organs ; that
it causes functional disturbance, no one dreams
of denying; indeed, it has been remarked that
Selected.
SPEAK NO ILL.
Nay, speak no ill ; a kindly word
Can never leave a sting behind ;
And, oh, to breathe each tale we've heard
Is far beneath a noble mind ;
For oft a better seed is sown
By choosing thus a kinder plan ;
For if but little good we've known.
Let's speak of all the good we can.
Give me the heart that fain would hide,
Would fain another's fault efface:
How can it please our human pride
To prove humanity but base?
No ! let it reach a higher mode,
A nobler eslimate of man :
Be earnest in the search of good.
And speak of all the best we can.
Then speak no ill, but lenient be
To others' feelings as your own ;
If you're the first a fault to see,
I5e not the first to make it known.
For life is but a passing flood ;
No lip can tell how brief the stay :
Be earnest in the search of good.
And speak of all the best we may.
Living Words.
» •
Probably the oldest timber in the world
which has been subjected to the use of man,
is that which is found in the ancient temples
of Egypt. It is found in connection with
stone work which is known to be at least four
thousand years old. This wood, and the only
wood used in the construction of the temple,
is in the form of ties, holding the end of one
stone to another in its upper surface. When
two blocks were laid in place, then it appears
that an excavation about an inch deep was
made in each block, into which an hour-glass
shaped tie was driven. It is therefore very
difficult to force any stone from its position.
The ties appear to have been the tamarisk,
or shittim wood, of which the ark was con-
structed, a sacred tree in ancient Egypt, and
now very rarely found in the valley of the
Nile. These dovetailed ties are just as sound
now as on the day of their insertion. Al-
though fuel is extremely scarce in that coun-
try, these bits of wood are not large enough
to make it an object with Arabs to heave off
layer after la3'er of heavy stone for so small a
prize. Had they been of bronze, half the old
temples would have been destroyed ages ago,
so precious would they have been for various
purposes. — E. Post.
Do not err, my beloved brethren, " for the
wrath of man worketh not the righteousness
of God." It is easy to lash vice with an un-
sparing hand, and to speak severe and cutting
things against delinquents; but I question
no habitual smoker can be said to have a' much, if a single soul was ever yet thus driven
day's perfect health. — Popular Sci. Monthly. I into the fold of the good Shepherd.
Fog-Sig7ials. — Prof Joseph Henry, cbairi
man of a committee on fog-signals, has com
municated a number of interesting observa
tions made by him on the phenomena of sounc
as relating to the subject in hand. In study
ing the subject of fog-signals it becomes !
question of importance to ascertain whethei
waves of sound, like those of light, are ab
sorbed or stifled by fog. On this point ob
servers disagree; and to settle this point defi
nitely, the assistance of the pilots of the boats
running between Boston, and St. John, New
Brunswick, has been secured, and they havei
promised to note the actual distance of a body
from a given fog-signal when the sound is first
heard on approaching, and again when it iS;
lost on receding from it. Professor Henry
considers it highly probable that fog doesi
somewhat diminish the penetrating power of
sound, but only to an exceedingly minute de-
gree. Among the principal causes of the
diminution in this penetrating power are enu-
merated, the varying density of the atmos-
phere, the direction of the wind, and the re-
flection ofthe sound wave from the neighboring
objects, such as hill-sides, forests, houses, &c.
According to General Duane, it appears that
although a reflector, in the focus of which a
steam-whistle or ordinary bell is placed, re-
flects the sound a short distance, it produces
little or no effect at the distance of two or
three miles. In the case of signals that were
sounded at the side of a bank with a largo
house directly in the rear, the roof of which
would tend to deflect the sound forward, it
was shown that this sound shadow vanishes
at the distance of a mile and a half or two
miles, and that at the distance of three miles
the sound was quite loud. The fog-signals
have frequently been heard at the distance of
twenty miles, and as frequently cannot bo
heard at the distance of two miles, and this
with no perceptibledifferencein thestateof the
atmosphere. This case, although quite abnor-
mal, seems to be sufficiently well authenticated
to justily its publication under the authority
of the Lighthouse Board. The instruments
employed as fog-signals by this Board are
mainlj^ three, all constructed on a principle
of resounding cavities, in which the air is the
sounding body. These instruments are, first,
the reed trumpet, the air being condensed by
a caloric engine: second, the siren trumpet,
the revolving disk, being driven by steam
from a high-pressure boiler ; third, the or-
dinary locomotive whistle, blown by steam
from a high-pressure body. — Harper's Maga-
For " The Friend."
Hints upon the Influence of the Spirit of Truth in
the near pro.»ipect of Judgment and Eternity, witli
a letter from her Mother ; from a Itteuioir of
Deborah Backhouse.
Solemn are the admonitions ofthe apostle:
" If judgment first begin at us, what must the
end be of them that obey not the gospel of
God ? And if the righteous scarcely be saved,
where shall the ungodi}' and the sinner ap-
pear?" As a deduction from which, W. Pena
in his "No Cross No Crown," says, " The very
righteous must have a trial for it." When
we consider the majesty of that Almighty
Power which created us for the purpose of
His own glory; the blind, sin-prone, and lost
condition which we alike inherited by the fall;
the richness and greatness, and unspeakable
value ofthe price paid for us, whereby " a new
THE FRIEND.
301
ind living way" is consecrated for ns through
;he Kedeemer's flesh ; the sanctifying authori-
;y and power of the Holy Spirit, or the Light
)f Christ manifested in the heart, to teach us
ill things, bring all things needful to our re-
i tnembrance, and to guide into all truth ; and
then the truth that at the awful assize, God
will be no respecter of persons, but that each
ind every must reap what they sow, and all
sects and names be embraced in two classes,
! the wise and the foolish, " him that serveth
iiGod, and him that serveth him not:" it be-
■oomes a matter the most serious and nioment-
3US that can claim our attention, whether wo
lihavo yielded obedience to the light of the
i Lord Jesus, which, says George Fox, is the
' Srst step to peace; whether we have known
ludgment to pass upon the transgressing na-
.ure, through submission to the Saviour's one
iiaving baptism — the washing of regeneration
jmd the renewing of the Holy Ghost; whether
sve have experienced repentance from dead
works to serve the living God; and whether,
Iwith Peter, we have been experimental wit-
aesses of Christ's words, " If 1 wash thee not,
ihou hast no part with me :" whose coming
ilso is i-epresented to be " like a refiner's fire,
ind like fuller's soap."
This waj% or these requisitions may seem
bard and repulsive to flesh and blood ; as well
IS to those captivated by fleshly lusts and
affections; and may no less be striven against,
if not turned from by those who would have
in easy way to peace and heaven ; saying in
jffect, "to the seers. See not ; and to the pro-
Dhets, Prophesy not unto us right things;
ijpeak unto us smooth things, prophesy de-
jeits," &c. But ever true, nevertheless, must
'emain that which is written : " There is a
iDath which no fowl knoweth, and which the
rulture's eye hath not seen," &c. Which ever
straight and narrow path, none can see, or
inow, or understand, neither walk in, except
those who have submitted themselves to the
Saviour, and havingfeltthat they are "wretch-
3d and miserable, and poor, and blind, and
naked," in their natural, unrenewed state, are
3ngaged to buy of Him "gold tried in the
Sre," and white raiment," and the eye-salve
jf the kingdom that they may be rich, and
clothed upon, and enabled to see of the things
that belong to their peace. Christ Jesus be-
came the author of eternal salvation to all
them that obey Him ; and these are they who
take His yoke upon them and learn of Him
who was meek and low of heart, unto His
anchangable kingdom of rest and unfailing
joy.
This was no doubt the experience of the
precious subject of the Memoir now being ex-
tracted from. She was brought to feel that
she was nothing, and could do nothing for the
cause of her Lord and Master, — such was her
sense of her own sinful and lost estate, — with-
out that submission to His convicting, teach-
ing, all-suSicient grace, which He declared to
His apostle is made perfect in our weakness.
Hereby and through His continued help and
blessing, who is the resurrection and the life,
she became strong in the Lord and in the
power of His might ; and qualified not only to
uncover her anointed head in the assemblies
of His people, but to comprehend and faith-
fully to stand for the doctrines and testimonies
of Truth as committed to us to uphold. And
we have no doubt, that when the messenger
of death came, she had her loins so girt and
light burning as to be ready; and received
the end of her faith, even the salvation of her
soul.
The Memoir states that she extended suit-
able advice to the young woman who had the
care of her children ; reminding her of the ne-
cessity of a daily attention to the dictates of
the Spirit of Truth in her own heart, as tite
only means of preparation for rightly doing her
part, in watching over and instructing them.
She then had these dear little lambs brought
in, kissed them, and took an aflfectionate leave
of them ; calmly enquiring of the elder, if she
knew that dear mother was going to leave
her; and expressing a hope that she would be
a good girl, and mind what her dear father
said; and then she would be very comfortable
and happy. She then, in an affecting man-
ner, commended them to Divine protection
and regard ; and to the care of those with
whom they were left.
She again adverted to the important station
of parents ; saj'ing, she had never felt it so
weightily before ; that much, verj- much, de-
pended upon their endeavors to bring up their
children in the fear of the Lord, setting them
a good example ; and not onlj- closely watch-
ing over their minds, but checking and re-
straining them, in every thing that would have
a tendency to injure their minds, or to lead
them from the simplicity of the Truth.
She mentioned, with humble gratitude, the
care of her own dear mother ; and how re-
' markably it had been blessed to all her familj',
and had been a means of great preservation
to herself; she having had strong inclinations
toward many things of a wrong tendency,
1 which would have led her from the Truth:
adding, that she considered the care, counsel
and restraint of her dear parent, had been an
I unspeakable favor to her, and a great hel|) in
turning her to the right way. She appealed
!to her sisters, who stood by, saying: "My
pi'ecious sisters can, I know, add their testi-
monj' to her excellent example, watchful con-
cern, and prayers on our behalf; and that she
desired for us heavenly riches, far before any
thing of a worldly nature.J'
I In an addendum to this little Memoir, we
have an extract from a letter of her mother,
Elizabeth Lowe, to IX B. when about fifteen
years of age, while on a visit to some of her
Jrelations. Its precepts savor of old fashioned
jreligious experience, and old fashioned Qua-
kerism. It is as follows : —
I " My dear Deborah, — As thou art now sepa-
rated from me, I have several times thought
!l would take up my pen, and express to thee
the anxious solicitude I feel, that thou raaj'est
now, in early life, seek to know the inward
revelation of Christ; who assuredly is nigh to
'teach thee, if thou art but attentive to his
'voice ; and who is a swift witness against all
kinds of evil, well knowing the most secret
recesses of our hearts ; therefore, my beloved
child, be attentive to all his reproofs, and re-
[member for thy encouragement, that ' the re-
Iproofs of instruction are the way to life;'
which means endless life.
I now remember, when young, feeling re-
morse for offences committed ; and it came
with consolation into my mind : ' There is joy
in heaven over one sinner that repenteth,
more than over ninety and nine just persons
that need no repentance ;' and as we have 'all
sinned and fallen short of the glory of God,'
80 all must know a repenting and forsaking
of evil, be it of what kind it may, before there
can be a full acceptance into his favor.
The words of the wonian of Samaria are
illustrative of the inward workings of Christ
in the heart, when she expresses hersell' on
this wise : ' He told me all that ever I did ; is
not this the Christ?' so does the revelations
of his Spirit in our hearts, bring bef n-e us all
our wrong thoughts and actions ; and as there
is a giving waj' to this Reprover, it also gives
power to forsake and overcome every thing
that is wrong. Now my dearly- beloved child,
this is worth attending to, therefore do not
put it off; for an early sacrifice is acceptable
to the Almighty. I do long that thou mayest
seek the Lord for thy portion ; for though He
may appear first as a Keprover, yd as thou
suhmittest to his chastening povver. He will
afterwards afford thee a degree of that peace,
which selfgratification can never give.
Mj- pen is not equal to set forth the desire
I feel, that thou mayest seek to know and be
acquainted with, this inward principle of Light
and Life, now in early }-outh ; that thou
maj'cst be taught therebj-, and enabled to take
up thy cross and follow Christ; which is the
only way, remember, to be his disciple, and
thereby, at last, to be made an inheritor of
that kingdom, whereinto nothing that is im-
pure or unholy' can ever enter. It is not a
day to look out at the example of others;
therefore, I entreat thee, turn thj' attention
inward, and wait in our religious meetings, to
feel the actuating of this inward principle
which will teach thee what to do or leave un-
done; and as thou becomcst obedient thereto,
thou wilt be taught by little and little, and have
to acknowledge, in the secret of thy heart,
that the waj-s of the Lord are ways of pleasant-
ness, and all his paths peace ; for by this jneaiis,
his yoke will become easy and his burden
light. Thy very affectionate mother,
E. Lowe."
CTo be concluded.)
The Voracity of Insect life.
Some interesting information relating to
the ravages of insects was given, says the
London Times, by C. O. Groom Napier to the
House of Common's Committee, of last ses-
sion, on the protection of wild birds. In 1782
the caterpillars of the brown tail moth were
so numerous as to defoliate the trees of a very
large part of the south of England. The
alarm was so great that public prayers were
offered in the churches that the calamity
might be stayed. The poor were paid one
shilling per bushel for collecting caterpillars'
webs, to be burned under the inspection of
the overseers of the parish ; and four score
bushels were collected daily in some parishes.
The brown tail moth is a beautiful little white
insect, about an inch in expanse of wings. C.
Napier noticed that in 1853 it defoliated about
twenty foet of a hedge near Parkstone, Poole,
and in 185.J the caterpillars riddled and de-
prived of their leaves two plum trees in his
garden at Lewes, one of which died. The
caterpillar of the gamma moth is one of the
most injurious to garden plants. It princi-
pallj' feeds at night, and concealing itself by
day, is unperceived. The gamma moth over-
ran France about a century ago, and devour-
ed a very large proportion of the crops, but,
fortunately, the corn was not attacked. The
antler moth is sometimes extremely destruc-
tive to grass crops. C. Napier once saw mil-
lions of these on the Wrekin, and in the fol-
lowing summer the grass of that mountain
was in a miserable state. The lackey moth
302
THE FRIEND.
is very destructive to filbert plantations,
cherry orchards and other tree phuitationR
The buff tip, the cabbage moth and the small
ermines are very destructive to the leaves of
fruit trees and garden shrubs.
But, on the other hand, the benefits derived
from the labor of some insects should not be
overlooked; some species feed only on nox-
ious weeds, and others prey on still more
noxious insects. One of the greatest friends
of the agriculturist is the family of the ich-
neumon flies, which lay their eggs in bodies
of living caterpillars, in which they are hatch-
ed, thus destroying them ; although the cater-
pillar, after being "ichneumon," has still a
voracious appetite. The caterpillars which
feed on the cabbage eat twice their weight in
a day; the larv£e of some of the fleck flies eat
a much larger proportion than this. The
productive powers of insects vary very much.
Souie lay only two eixgs ; others, such as the
white ant, 40,000,000, laying them at the rate
of sixty a minute. The queen of the hive bee
is capable of laying 50 000 in a season ; the
female wasp 30,000. 'I'he majority of insects,
however^ lay but about one hundred; in gen-
eral, the larger the insect the fewer eggs it
lays. Most insects have two generations in
the year; some have twentj'; others take seven
years from the time the egg is laid until their
death in a perfect state. i3ut probably not
above five per cent, of the eggs laid become
'perfect insects.
Of its kind the daddy-long-legs is one of the
most destructive, especially in France. It
feeds on the roots of grass, and C. Napier, in
1859, noticed meadows in La Manche devas-
tated b}' it. The starling is a bird most use-
ful in destroj-ing these larvaj, and those of the
horse and cattle flies. The orthopterous in-
sects, of which the locust, grasshopper and
cockchafer are examples, are very destructive.
The numerous species of grasshoppers lessen
the amount of our grass crops. Locusts are
seldom found in England now in sufficient
numbers to do any damage, but they have
done considerable damage here in former
generations. Their greatest enemies are the
starling and the rose-colored pastor, which
follow them in flocks and decapitate them by
hundreds. The beetles are immensely nu-
merous, as regards species. In 157-1 the cock-
chafers gathered in such numbers on the
banks of the Severn as to prevent the work-
ing of the watermills.
On another occasion, in Gahvay, they form-
ed a black cloud that darkened the sky for
the distance of a league, and destroyed the
vegetation so completelj' that summer seemed
turned into winter. They made a noise resem-
bling the sawing of wood. The people threat
ened with famine, were obliged to devour
them. In 1804 they were alarmingly numer-
ous in Switzerland. The female lays about
thirty eggs; in six weeks they are hatched.
They live from three to four years in the
larva; state. The first year they do not do a
great amount of damage ; but in the second
they attack the roots of all plants within their
reach. They often ruin the crops of corn,
lucerne, strawberries, and various plants on
which man depends for food. Our insectivor-
ous birds are diligent in destroying the larvse
of insects, but they will not do all that is re-
quired ; hand labor is also needed.
C. Napier is of opinion that the extensive
diffusion of information on the habits and
means of destroying our more noxious insects
would be the means of saving millions of
pounds' worth of valuable food everj' year.
He saj-s that in the United States the im-
portance of this subject is felt, and almost
every State has a government entomologist,
whose business it is to make inspections and
reports of the ravages of insects, and show
the remedy. In France, government returns
were published, from which it appeared that
the damage done in Normandy by the cock-
chafer alone, amounted to 25,000,000 francs.
A law was passed in France a few years since
for the protection of birds. Not, however,
that all birds are to bo welcomed ; the sparrow
does more harm than good, by feeding so
much on green crops, and the wood pigeon
does much mischief But, on the whole, C.
Napier is certain birds do a great deal more
good than harm. — Late Paper.
For " The Friend."
John Heald.
^Continued from paee 29.3.)
The next letter of J. Heald's to his Philadel-
phia friend, was written 4th mo., 1824, at a
time when the exercised members of our So-
ciety in these parts, were brought into much
trouble by the unsettlement and disunity
which preceded the separation of 1827. The
humility and inwardness of mind which he
advises, are needed now as well as then. The
following passages are extracted from it. Af-
ter alluding to the unsettled state of Society,
he sa5'S :
"How good would it be, if due heed had
been given to the principle of our profession;
how certainly' it would lead into a quiet reli-
ance on the all-sufficiency thereof. There
would be enough found to do in an humble,
attentive, watchful state of mind, to shun the
snare of a crafty adversary, and fulfil required
services in such a manner as not to do too
much, nor yet too little. Those who have
honestly endeavored to fulfil their duty, if it
has fared with them as it has with me, 1 think
must know, that though they have intended
to be watchful and, obedient, yet for want ot
a more devoted, humble care [they] have felt
secret compunctions for doing more than
should have been done at one time, and the
like for doing less than sliould have been done
at another time. 1 greatl}^ fear that some, if
not many, by trusting too much to the powers
of human reason, have left the safe guide, and
attempted to fathom that which to them was
unfathomable, and whatever they might have
been enabled to comprehend, had they been
faithful in their own proper places, laboring
carefully in that they knew. It undoubtedly
requires great care in such as go into great
depths, even where they are rightly led ; and
how very humbling will it be to them, and
how fearful will they be of being exalted.
Witness Paul's petitions for preservation when
through the abundance of revelations, he fear-
ed being exalted above measure, and thrice
interceded that it might depart from him.
But how readily some can enter into abstruse
diificulties, and attempt to comprehend much,
so that they may pass for wise, while they
overlook or neglect that they do (or might)
know, and would profit by doing. To keep a
single eye to the safe guide, I think to be the
great principle of our profession, or, it is keep-
ing to our great and high profession to singly
follow our safe inward guide: this leads into
quietness and stillness, not into bustles and
confusion. Those who keep to this guide find
enough to attend to, and are humbled unde
a sense of the surrounding dangers, and arl i
thereby induced to greater care and watcl :
fulness. As this tends to their safety, so i[
tends to deepen them in true religion, whil' '
thosewho leave the guide, become vain in thei i
imaginations, losing the sense which thejj |
perhaps once had, their hearts become harcji
ened and their understandings darkened. ]
each one had been carefully (and with a
much care as was their duty to take) attenc
ing to the light of Christ in the heart, woul
not his grace have been sufficient to have pre
served them, even all those that gave diligen
heed thereunto, so that none would or coul
have been able to pluck them out of his banc
What tremendous calamities come on us be
cause of our carelessness, which so evidentl;
amount to contempt of his great mercies ami
ottered benefits. ' What could have beeii
done more to my vineyard that I have no
done in it.' But as I am not induced to think
that He hath cast away his people, but suffer
them to be proved, I expect bright and ami
able characters to rise up amidst this grea
gloom, that has so far extended and spreai
abroad, who under such full proof of honest
hearted sincerity, will stand to, and hold fas
sound integrity in faith and practice; ani
thus prepared will stand as on Mount Zion
with the harps of God in their bands, ant
sing the song of Moses and the Lamb, sayiiii;
great and marvellous are thy woi-Us, Lori
God Almighty; just and true are all thy ways
thou King of saints, &c."
" Fairfield, Columbiana Counfv, Ohio.
lOth mo. loth, 1824.
Beloved friend, Benjamin Kile: — Thy ac
ceptable letter of 5th mo. 7th, I received ; bu
it seemed strange to mo when I read in it
that a number of our members have laid dowr
this position, to wit : 'Thatthey are not bourn
to believe what they cannot comprehend.
And as they cannot com])rehend how th(i
Divine and human nature could bo united ii
our blessed Redeemer, ' they endeavor to. ex:
plain it awaj'.' To me the idea abounds witt
fbllj', and, 1 suppose, the supporters of it be
lieve many (I was about to say a thousand
things, which they do not nor cannot compro
bend, and I think they will soon believe ver^
little, if only what they completely' compro
bend is believed by them. I suppose again
that each one of these have been humbled
brought into tenderness, and they have fell
love. Divine love, with its soft influence spread
over their minds, and for a time they were filled
with it; and it was first to the individual, it
afterward was felt to extend to near and deail
connections and acquaintances, but stopped'
not there, it reached to every land, to all the
human family; it was incomprehensible, in
goodness, as well as greatness ; and while'
these feelings prevailed, the desire to compre-'
hend everything was absent, but the continu-
ance of the favored enjoyment, or the renewal
of it again would be more interesting than
the ability to comprehend. I think the apos-
tle said, ' Contend earnestly for the faith once
delivered to the saints.' This, I think, may
be done without a continual prying into every
thing, and seeking and studying to find out
and comprehend every thing; secret things
belong to God ; but those that are revealed
belong to us and to our children. To know
what is our duty to do, and to seek for ability
to do it, seems to be sufficient, if wo are faithful
to do when we do know and have ability to per-
THE FRIEND.
303
orm ; and if in the openings and unfolding of
pivine counsel more than we have known, is
:|)resented to our view, we then can compre
■liend more; but at last it is very little wo do
i:DOw.
I It was an account that was grateful to mo
lo hear, that your Yearly Meeting was a soa-
(OD of favor. I may saj' of Ohio Yearl)' Meet-
'ng, that a solemn feeling attended each sit-
ing. I hope that blessing and glory and
iiionor was and is ascribed to the Head of the
hurch for llie unmerited favor.
It may afford thee or thine some satisfac-
ion to hear, that 1 went on a visit to the
loecting^ and families of Friends in M;irlbo-
oiii,'h Monthl3' Meeting, a few months ago.
t was attended with more difficultj- lor me
0 got about than in lime past; but in such a
all tho inward conflicts and outward trials
that may attend my steps, may I look to and
rely upon Divine assistance and support ; and
for daily favors and preservation, ma}- I be
enabled to return dail^' praise and thanks-
givings. But still how humbling tho conside-
ration, that the return is so small, and tho
blessing groat ; and 3'et with what marks ot
attention is He graciously pleased to accept
tho poor 8U])plianL's little tribute.
Before I conclude, I wish to be remembered
in love to Pjlizuboth Robson and Jane Bettle,
if it can be easily done. So long separated,
and 80 fardistant from domestic ties, detained,
not to gain an earthly crown, but to yield
obedience unto her Lord and Master's call.
While some can scarce spare two or three
hours in a week to devote to their great Cre
.amber of o]iportunilies, so many lively ten- ator's service, Elizabeth devotes whole years
ering seasons, and so few dull and drj' ones,
I have not before been farored to witness; but
believe that the extension of favor was for
bo people's sake, not mine. In the course of
his exercise, I saw Charity Rotch at her late
(welling, loss than three weeks before her
eath ; wo had as solid an opportunity here as,
lerhaps, wo bad at any place ; she was sitting
y the side of a place she had to lay and rest
D ; during the time we wore there, a feeling of
olemnity attended, that evinced to me that
be was divinely cared for. Sho labored
□der (as she expressed it) a complication of
omplaints. I parted with her as not expeet-
Qg to see her face again. I hope she is gone
p rest.
• I observe thy account concerning thy wife
nd daughter Mary, thut they are more weakly
inco thej- recovered of the fever or sickness
'f last 3-ear: I sympathize with them and
bee. Health is a precious gift — a blessing —
i.nd He that gave taketh away, and, I have
thought,' He sometimes gives a better in its
)lace — better than He took awa^'. His mer-
:ies are manifold.
It seems that Mary Hughes is now left fath-
trless and motherless, except Him who is a
i'^ather to the I'atberless and a Judge of the
lyidovv. Thy account that she is doing pretty-
veil was pleasiuif to me. I have often felt a
ivel}- interested feeling for her, because I be-
lieved she submitted to bear tho cross in her
-outh ; maj- she be worthy to bo among them
hat no good thing will be withhold from. If
ovo could be convej'od fioni me to thee, thy
ivife and children, with as much sweetness as
. have sometimes felt it come to me, it would
uit my desire. Farewell.
I remain thy friend,
John Heald.
Joel Woolman was at James Boulton's, and
vas gone on his way near an hour when I
»ot there ; I now expect to send this in care
if Abraham Warrington, who intends going
0 Philadelphia and Jersey soon after this
laj', 20ih of lllh mo., 1824. J. H."
In a letter written in the 12th mo. of 1826,
ohn Heald speaks of the infirmities of ad-
'ancing years, and also of the excitement
ibout canals and turnpike roads, which then
)revuiled in his section of country. He ap-
)ear8to have been somewhat disturbed by the
lemands which these public improvements
nade on him for mono}-, which ho could but
joorlj' atford to spare. His letter then con-
inuos :
" It seems to bo of but little avail to let
)ur heart be troubled. One thins is need-
yiy lovo to thee, thy wife and fumil}'. T. W
has forsaken his Iriends and gone from our
Society, but not to another — he is disowned —
what a pity.
I remain thy friend,
Joii.\ Heald."
The account of his closing daj-s, appended
to his journal, speaks of a decline in John
Heald's health about this time, and also of a
nervous affection in his right hand, which
discouraged him from keeping further me
moranda, though his life was "])rolongod for
several years. He passed through a sov(M-e
illness in 1829, and when attacked by it in the
Third month of that year, ho spoke of the
large number of Fiionds in difteront parts,
whom he was acquainted with and loved, and
the desire he felt that they might know on
what foundation he was endeavoring to stand;
be left for their benefit this testimony- :
" I believe in the Lord Jesus Christ in all
His ofHces, who was conceived b^' tho Hoi}-
Ghost, born of tho blessed Virgin Maty, and
suffered death under Pontius Pilate, without
the gates of Jerusalem, for the sins of all
mankind, and rose again for our justification.
I have gone through munj' close trials and
exercises that I might have avoided, but to
gain His favor, and I believe at this solemn
moment, that nothing but His more}- will save
mo. I believe that those who have gone from
Friends with tho separatists, have gone wrong,
and I hope some of them will be favored to
return. I believe my sins have gone before-
hand to judgment, and [I] hope to be received
into the regions of bliss with Abraham, Isaac
and Jacob in Heaven, and I believe my Sa
viour will never forsake mo for one moment,
but will permit mo to join tho heavenly host
in singing praises to God and the Laiub for
ever and ever."
(To be concluded.)
ul through all the varied changes. Through! Cross iVb Crown.
God often touches our best comforts and
calls for that which we most lovo, and are
least willing to part with, not that He always
takes it utterly away, but to prove the soul's
integrity, to caution us from excesses, and
that we may remember Him the Author of
those blessings we possess, and live loose to
them. I speak my experience : the way to
keep our enjoyments is to resign them, and
though that bo hard, it is sweet to see them re-
turned, as Isaac was to his father, with more
love and blessing than before. O stupid world !
O worldly Christians! not only strangers but
enemies to this excellent faith ! and whilst so
you can never know the reward of it. — No
The Temjile and the Pyrnmids.
Few persons have adequate ideas of the
massive grandeur of the Temple at.Ierusalem.
The great jiyraniid of Egypt has been famed
for its magnitude in all the world ; but the
temple has been su])posed to be specially note-
worthy foritssanctitj'anditsancientsji'lendor,
rather than for tho magnitude of its fabric.
One reason for this is found in the fact that
thep^-ramids, standing amid tho barren sands
of Gheezeh, have been open and aeces-iblo to
all, while tho superstructure of the tom]>lo was
long ago demolished, so that, as Christ pre-
dicted, of all those " goodly- stones," not one
was " loft upon another that was not thrown
down ;" and tho vast substructure, buried bo-
nea'h the ruins of age.s, bus been crowned by
a Mohammedan mosque, and jealously guard-
ed by fanatical Moslems, who have excluded
sight-seor.s and investigators from its sacred
precincts.
Within a few past years, they have relaxed
somewhat tho rigorof their exclusivcness, and
opportunity has been afforded for explora-
tions, excavations and researches, which have
shed great light upon the original confines of
the sacred edifice. Says tho Edinburgh Re-
view:—
Tho skill, tho art, the mightj- toil that has
been devoted to the adornment and to the de-
coration of this most ancient place of worship,
has been of extraordinary magnitude. The
gr'andest legacy of Egyptian antiquity, the
great jjyramid, demanded, indeed, a greater
amount of naked human labor ; but in Moriah
there is a compulsion of tho features of iN'aturo
herself to tho service of the builder. In act-
ual bulk the great pyramid is to the temple
rock as five to nine, if we descend but as far
as tho sills of the five double gates of the
mountain of the house. If we carr^- the com-
|>:irison down to a level at which the lowest
Ibundation of tho walls is inlaid in tho rock
at the angles of the inclosure, the bulk is three
times that of tho groat pyramid. The cubic
contents of tho mason's work may not amount
to a tenth part of that piled up b}' Souphis.
But tho hills have been hone3-combed with
chambers and galleries, und the declining
part to the south covered with vaults and
arches to which Gheezeh can show no paral-
lel. No morel}' artificial structure could have
so successfullj' resisted tho resolute efforts of
the two greatest militar3- nations of tho an-
cient world to destroy its existence and oblit-
erate its memory. No other monument, long
surviving the era of Asiatic and Italian power,
can ever, like tho noble sanctuar3', mark by
its XQTj ruins tho successive periods of its
glory and fall.
If we regard not so much tho evidence of
the labor devoted to the work of tho temple
as tho effect jiroduced on the mind b3' its ap-
)iarent magnitude, wo may then suggest the
following comparisons: The length of the
eastern wall of tho sanctuar3' is rather more
than double that of one side of the pyramid.
Its height, from the foundation rock at the
south, and near the northern angles, was
nearly one-third of thatof the Eg3-ptian struc-
ture. If to this great height of one hundred
and fift3'-two feet of solid wall, be added the
descent of one hundred and fbrt3^-four feet to
the bed of the Kodron, and tho further eleva-
tion of one hundred and sixt}- feet attained
by tho pinnacle of the temple porch, we have
a total height of four hundred and twenty-six
feet, which is only fifty-nine feet less than
304
THE FRIEND.
that of the great pyramid. The area of the
face of the eastern wall is more than double
that of one side of the pyramid. Thus the
magnitude of the noble sanctuary of Jeru-
salem far exceeded that of any other temple
in the world. Two amphitheatres of the size
of the coliseum would have stood within its
colossal girdle, and left room to spare. The
coliseum is said to have seated eighty-seven
thousand spectators, and accommodated twen-
ty-three thousand more in its arena and pas-
sages. For such a number to have been
crammed within its circle, the space of each
person must have been limited to seventeen
by twenty inches. Allowing two cubits or
forty-two inches each way, or four square
cubits for each worshipper in the temple, the
sanctuary would have contained thirty thou-
sand persons, and in the priest's court and the
great court and cloisters, there would have
been room enough to make the total reach
more than two hundred and ten thousand
persons, who might have found entrance into
the courts of the Lord. — The Christian.
THE FRIEND.
FIFTH MONTH 9. 1874.
We know not at whom the essay by " A
Young Member" in northern New York is
aimed, but we apprehend it does not apply to
any within the range of our readers, and as it
does not savor as much of a christian spirit as
the subject demands, we think it better to
omit its publication.
The obituary notice of Addison Carter ap-
pears to be unfinished.
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
Foreign. — The steamship Faraday, with the new-
direct .-Atlantic cable, will sail in about'ten days for New
Hampshire. The cable will be landed in Ireland at a
point fifteen miles south of Valentia.
The Bank of England rate of interest has been ad-
vanced from 3i to 4 per cent. The bullion in the bank
had decreased £584,000 in the week preceding the ad-
vance.
In many parts of England the agricultural laborers
are becorning dissatisfied with their condition, and are
about emigrating to Canada and the United States. They
allege that their wages are in general so small as to
afford only the most meagre subsistence for themselves
and families.
A Berlin dispatch of the 3d says: The Emperor of
Eussia and the Grand Dukes ,\lexis and Constantine,
have arrived here en route for England.
The House of Commons will take a recess from 5th
mo. 12th to 6th mo. loth.
Steerage passengers are now carried from Liverpool
to New York for fifteen dollars.
A great strike of miners in Durham Collieries is in
progress. It is estimated that 50,000 men are out of
employment thereby.
London, 4th mo. 4th.— Consols 93. U. S sixes
1867, 109i ; do. 5 per cents, 104].
Liverpool.— Uplands cotton, 8] a 8id. ; Orleans, Sfrf.
a 8id. Breadstufis quiet.
Intelligence has reached Constantinople that a famine
prevails in Asia Minor, and that many persons are
starving. It i-s stated that in the town of".\ngora alone
one hundred deaths occur daily from starvation. The
River Tigris is again swollen by heavy rains, and
further Hoods are apprehended.
A dispatch from Atcheen dated 4th mo. 25th, says:
In the battle of .Vpril 11th, eight thousand natives made
a general attack on the Dutch positions, but were un-
successful at all points. On the Ititli they attempted to
carry the works at Kraton by assault, biitwere repulsed
with heavy loss. All the Dijtch forces, with the e.voep-
tion of a garrison of 2500 men in the Kraton, will re-
turn to .lava immediately.
before Bilboa on the 29th ult., and that some advanced
positions of the Carlists had been taken by the Repub-
licans. Later advices report further successes of the
government forces, compelling the Carlists to retreat
from before Bilboa. A decree has been issued in
Madrid calling for a levy of all persons liable to mili-
tary service, and over nineteen years of age.
A Madrid dispatch of the 4th announces that Mar-
shal Serrano entered Bilboa on the 2d inst. Small de-
tached parties of Carlists were surrendering in hope of
receiving amnesty, but the main body of their forces
had retreated toward the Pyrenees. The inhabitants
of Bilboa were without bread during the last week of
the siege.
The Republican troops bad defeated bands of Carlist
insurgents in .Indalusia, Valencia and New Castile.
A Lisbon dispatch says that much joy was manifested
by the people of that city when news was received of
the entry into Bilboa of the Spanish Republican troops.
Of the fund collected in England for the sick and
wounded during the war between France and Germany,
an unexpended balance remains of £80,000. This has
been invested and is to be used in the event of another
war.
The French indemnity received by Germany has
been distributed among the various States as follows :
The North German Confederation, 530,118,050 thalers ;
Bavaria, 90,200,411 thalers; Baden, 20,133,132 thalers ;
Hesse, 9,333,074 thalers. Beside this 114,715,810
thalers were taken for the repayment of outlavs incur-
red during the war. The German thaler is eqiial to 75
cents in American coin.
All the French Ministries are once more installed in
Paris, and Versailles can no longer claim to be the seat
of government, although the National Assembly may
convene there.
A serious riot has occurred in the French settlement
at Shanghai, China. A mob of Chinese made an attack
upon the residents of that quarter, and sacked and
burned some of their buildings. Tlie police, in order
to quell the disturbance fired on the rioters, killing
several of them. The Chinese assign as the reason for
their attack, that the French were making a road which
interferred with their cemetery.
It is officially stated that the commission of grave
crimes is every where diminishing in Belgium. The
infliction of capital punishment has been almost en-
tirely relinquished during the past twenty-five years,
and it is a noteworthy circumstance that for nearly
eleven years no execution has taken place in a country
having a population of about five millions.
Intelligence has been received from Fiji that the king
and the people are unanimously iu favor of the cession
of the islands to Great Britain.
United States.— The public debt statement for the
Fourth month shows a decrease of $2,865,451. The
total debt, less cash in the Treasury, amounted on the
first inst. to $2,149,725,977, of which $1,224,234,500
bears 6 percent, interest, $509,802,250 bears 5 per cent
$678,000 4 per cent., $14,000,000 3 per cent., and S515,-
000,000 of legal tender notes, fractional currency, &c.,
bears no interest.
The exports from the United States, according to the
official returns for the six months ending 12th mo. 3Ist,
1873, exceeded the imports by over Sl.5,000,000, while
for the corresponding period of 1872 the imports ex-
ceeded the exports by more than $42,000,000.
The number of interments in Philadelphia for the
week ending 5th mo. 2d, was 267.
Madrid dispatches state that fighting was resumed 1 thirds vote.
The Philadelphia Police and Fire-Alarm Telegraph
transmitted 112,138 messages during the vear 1873, and
was the means of restoring 2,363 lost children to their
friends. The number of messages relating to fires was
8,142; beside these many thousand messages were sent
relating to criminals, stolen property, strayed or stolen
animals, Ac.
There were .550 interments in New York last week.
The accounts from the southwest indicate that the
present inundation afl^ects a wider extent of country
than any which has ever occurred in the United Stales.
A great part of the States of Louisiana and Mississippi
is reported to be under water, while large districts in
Arkansas, Tennessee and Alabama, and the river conn-
ties of Kentucky and Mi.ssouri are sufr<?ring by the over-
flow. In some places the water in the Mississippi river
is so high that from the hills on one side no land can
be seen on the other side as far as the eye can reach.
Opposite Memphis the expanse of water is about forty
miles wide, and the highest lands in that area appear
only as low islands.
When the currency bill came again before the Senate,
34 members voted to pass the bill over the veto and 30
against so doing. The bill falls for want of a two-
The United States have seventy-five thousand mii
of magnetic telegraph in use. Russia has thirty-(
thousand, Germany twenty-six thousand. Great Brit:
and Ireland twenty-four thousand, and France twen
three thousand miles.
Several sailing vessels arrived at Chicago on the
inst., and the Straits of Mackinaw are supposed to
open for the season. The Erie canal is open throu
its entire length.
The U. S- Secretary of the Treasury has directed i
sale of $5,000,00 I in gold during the Fifth month.
The steamer Vusco de Gama, which arrived at S
Francisco the first inst., made the fastest trip on rer.
between Asia and the United States, having left Ch:
on the 4th nil., and Japan on the 14th ult., only 17 d:
and 8 hours from Yokohama to San Francisco.
The average temperature of the Fourth month
Philadelphia, by the record kept at the Pennsylvai
Hospital, was 44.89 deg. The highest during the iiinr
66 deg., and the lowest 24.50 deg. The amount of r:
7.50 inches. The average of the mean temperature
the Fourth month for the past 85 years, is stated to
50.26 deg., the highest mean during that entire peri
was 58.18 deg., in 1871, the lowest 44 deg., was in 17
The rainfall of the first four months of this year ]
been 14.12 inches, against 18.07 inches in 1873.
The Markets, &c. — The following were the quolati.
on the 4th inst. New iVi. — American gold, 11
U. S. sixes, 1881, Reg. 119i; Coupons 121 J; di
1868, reg., 119i ; conpon.s, 120; ditto, 10-40 5 per cei
115. Superfine flour, $5.60 a $5.95 ; State extra, i 6
a $6.80; finer brands, $7 a $10.30. No. 1 Chic:
spring wheat, $1.59; No. 2 do., $1.-54 a $1.56;
western, $1.66; white Michigan, $1.85. Oats, 66 a
cts. Rye, $1.10 a $1.12. Western mixed corn, 84 ;i
cts. ; yellow, 87 a 88 cts. ; white, 89 a 90 cts. PhiL"
phia. — Uplands and New Orleans middlings cotton,
a 18J cts. Superfine flour, $5.25 a $5.75 ; extras, $
S6.50 ; finer brands, i-7 a $10..50. Western white wli,
$1.85; amber, $1.80; western red, $1.50 a $1.65 ; N
spring, $1.55 a $1.60; No. 2 spring, $1.50. Eve,
Corn, yellow and white, 85 a 86 cts. Sales of 2200 b
cattle at 7^ a 7| cts. per lb. gross for extra— a I
choice at 8 cts. ; 6 a 7 cts. for fair to good, and 4.! a 51 (
for common. About 6000 sheep sold at 6| a 9 els.
lb. gross, and 5000 hogs at $8.50 a $8.75 per 100 lb. i
Baltimore. — Choice white wheat, $1.85 a $1.88; fail
prime do., $1.65 a $1.80 ; choice amber, $1.85 a $1 .f
good to prime red, $1.75 a $1.80 ; western spring, SI
a $1.53. Western mixed corn, 86 a 87 cts.'; soutlii
white, 87 a 89 cts. Chicago. — No. 1 spring wheat, SI.
No. 2 do., $1.27 ; No. 3 do., $1.21. No. 2 mixed c
65i cts. No. 2 oats, 46J cts. No. 2 rye, 92 cts. Li
$10.35 per 100 lbs.
fj
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE. '
Near Frankford, {Twenty-third Ward,) Philadelphia
Physician and Superintendent — Joshua H. Wor: •
INGTON,.M. D.
Applications for the Admission of Patients may;!
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Board f
Managers,
Died, at his fiither's residence, in Cherokee coun
Kansas, on the 10th of 5th mo. 1873, Addison Cakti,'
son of Milton and Louisa Ann Carter, aged 21 ve.i
lacking ten days, a member of Spring River Monll
Meeting of Friends, Kan. This young man had gren
endeared himself to a large circle of friends and n-
fives, by his many virtues and upright conversati.
being mild, gentle and unobtrusive in his manners. 1
was_ endowed with good natural abilities, and n
anxious to improve his time and talents to the hoii
of the great Giver, as evinced by his usefully impn
ing his spare moments, and saying, " I had rather h:i
a good education than a large estate of this world, s,
can enjoy it and be useful to others." His bodily si
fering for about six d;iys, was at times very great.
-; , on the 13th of the Second month," 1874, at 1.
residence in Exeter township, Berks Co., Pa., in t
30th year of her age, Rebecca Lee Cheisman, wife
Isaac F. Chrisman, and daughter of James and Lyd
Lee, a member of Exeter Monthly Meeting. She w
of a meek and inoffensive disposition, and bore her 1:
illness with patience and resignation, and passi
quietly away like one going to sleep; leaving h
friends the consoling belief that she was prepared f
an entrance into the mansions of everlasting rest ai
peace.
, Fourth mo. 12th, 1874, Eliza E. Stokes, wi
of Stogdell Stokes, a beloved member of Stroudsbu:
Particular and Frankford Monthly Meeting of Frienc
Pa., in the 77th year of her age.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. ZLVII.
SEVENTH-DAY, FIFTH MONTH 16, 1874.
NO. 39.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
■ice Two Dollars per annum, if paid in advance. Two
dollars and fifty cents, if not paid in advance.
Subscriptions and Payments rocelyed by
JOHN S. STOKES,
iT NO. 116 NORTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS,
FHILADBIiFHIA.
ostage, when paid quarterly in advance, five cents.
For "The Friend."
John Heald.
fConcluded from pige 303.)
The 15th of 11th mo. 1S29, John Heald said
early as follows : I have been looking over
le places where I have travelled, and the
ibor I have been engaged in on Truth's ac-
Dunt, and now my mind seems to be clothed
■ith love to my family, relations and friends,
'he favor is inexpressible, and yet I seem
•illing to leave them all and become united
3 the ever-blessed Eedeemer in whom I have
)ng trusted, and whom I have endeavored to
n-ve faithfully in my generation. And now
ly hope for salvation is in Him, who died for
le. that through His merits and mediation
:iih the Father, I shall be accepted. I feel
0 condemnation, nothing standing in the
7ay between me and eternal felicity. I abhor
he doctrine of E. H., that would not be wil-
ng to accept of salvation on the terms of
'hrist dying for his sins. This seems to pro-
leed from the pride of the human heart. I
vould not be in such a state for all this world
an give me, and I believe if all our meeting
iad imbibed this doctrine, yet the Lord would
otbaveleft himself without a witness; others
vould have been raised up who would not have
lenied Him, but would have stood for His right-
ous cau.se, and would have owned Him as our
acrifice for sin, our atonement, Advocate and
ntercessor. Some of you have had to pass
hrough sore trials in dealing with and testi
ying against that spirit of unbelief. I charge
!'ou before God and His holy angels that you
t brink not from your duty, but be faithful to
he Lord and his Christ in all things. I had
1 prospect sometime past, that I should soon
eave the body, but that prospect soon closed,
hough I had a choice that it should have
)een so, aOd I believe that if I had then been
' aken, I might have had an easy passage, but
n this I submit to Him who knows what is
)e8t for me, and fully resign all, both soul and
i)ody, into His holy hands, to do with mo as
Se shall see best, for I believe He will never
eave me nor forsake me.
' At one time he uttered the following prayer:
3 adorable Majesty, I am unworthy of the
east of thy favors and mercies, but I implore
ihee with tears, praj'ers and strong cries, that
[ may know thee the only true God and Jesus
Christ whom thou hast sent. With regard to
outward circumstances, thy will bo done. If
thou should see meet to diminish those things
I stand in need of in this state of being, or to
increase them, to give many or few days, are
all in thy hand, who knowest bent what is
best for me ; and let thy holj' will be done ;
but O, for thy mercy's sake enable me to know
and do thy holy will, all the days thou shalt
see meet to allow me hero.
The following memoranda have been pre-
served of expressions he made use of at dif-
ferent times.
If it is consistent with the holy will, I
should be willing to be released soon. I do
not find that I am charged with sin or trans-
gression. There is to me no condemnation,
and death has no terror. I do not say it in
a boasting way, but for the sake of others.
O Lord, be merciful to me. Thou hast been
merciful, but my mind desires a continuation
of thy tender mercy. Heaven and earth shall
pass away, but my word shall not pass away,
said the dear Redeemer. His word is more
stayed than Heaven and earth.
1 have seen since I have been on this bed
of sickness, with indubitable clearness, that
there is a great deal of deceit amongst many
who would pass for christians, which will do
them no good, but will one day add to their
condemnation.
I believe that a frequent reading of the
Holy Scriptures in families would be profit-
able.
I have confessed the Lord Jesus before men,
and I believe He will not deny me before His
Father and the holy angels. O, if this was
not impressed on my mind, how painful would
the sensation be. The next day, he said : O
be pleased to release thy poor suffering crea-
ture, nevertheless not my will but thine be
done. May praises be ascribed to thee and
to the Lamb, through the long ages of eter-
nity!
If I have betraj'ed any symptoms of impa-
tience,ihopeit will be passed by; andif Ihave
been preserved, there is nothing due to me
for it, it is all to be ascribed to the great Pre-
server of His people. Every other considera-
tion is of little consequence, if we can indi-
vidually attain to those happy abodes, where
the wicked cease from troubling, and the
weary soul is forever at rest.
To an elder, he said : O that thou may
never leave nor forsake that cause which thou
hast endured so much sorrow and conflict for.
May the Lord often be pleased to fill thy heart
with Bis love and favor. If we should not
meet again, remember this was my prayer for
thee, dear friend.
Being asked how he was, ho answered, my
poor body suffers, but my mind is mercifully
preserved in quiet, which is a great favor. I
have no language to express it to the full. I
have no objection, but rather a choice, in
taking notice of every neighbor who comes
to see me. There are some who are too re-
miss in attending to their duty, and if any-
thing 1 can do would have a tendency to make
them more diligent, I would willingly do it.
How grateful tomy feelings is the language,
'Come ye blessed of my Father, inhci-it the
kinu;dom y>vopared fov you f«om tli^ tuu..Jii-
tion of the world." I never could adopt the
language of the apostle with so much clear-
ness, as 1 now sensibly feel it : "I have fought
a good fight, 1 have kept the faith. Hence-
forth there is laid up for me a crown of right-
eousness, which the Lord, the righteous Judge,
shall give me at that day."
Here end the memoranda appended to the
journal of this worthy man, and laborious
minister of the Gospel. The only further
record of his feelings which has reached the
compiler, is a lettei- addressed to his beloved
friend, Benjamin Kite, bearing date 1st mo.
29th, 1833. Its tremulous and uneven charac-
ters bear evidence of physical decay, and it
was written with evident effort at intervals
during a period of about two weeks from the
time of its commencement; yet it breathes
that spirit of Christian humility and submis-
sion to the divine will, which are the fruits of
true religion. The following passages are
extracted from it.
" You are dear friends, among those that I
look to with aft'ectionato remembrance. The
precious feelings that I am permitted to enjoy,
when remembering some dear friends that I
am no more likely to behold in mutability, is
comfortable to me. It is true I am less capa-
ble of action than I was in time past, but
favors are present, as manj^ or more than I
am sufficiently thankful for. If I have divers
afflictions, there seem to be no more than to
keep me humble.
" When John the Divine, saw a Lamb stand
on Mount Zion, there Avere many with Him
of the thousands of the redeemed, who could
sing the song of Moses and of the Lamb. I
think they had known a preparation to stand
with the harps of God in their hands ; and we
ought to know a preparation as well as they,
that we may stand in the place alloted us,
when many tribulations are passed, that we
may know a being redeemed and bo prepared
to sing that song, ' The redeemed of the Lord
shall come to Zion with songs and everlasting
joy upon their heads.'
"My course draws towards a close, a final
close of time is nigh. Infirmities attend,
bodily ability fails — all indications of a close.
I am not in haste to be awaj', nor craving to
stay long. I desire to leave the whole unto
Him who always does right, and never wrong.
I do not know when the time ma}' come for
me to do the last little; for in my own esti-
mation my employ has been in little things.
Some have been capable of doing much, and
have done more than others could do; but
when my work is done, I shall be permitted
a release, I expect; and when that time comes,
may I be ready, having done, suffered or en-
dured my alloted share or portion of tribula-
306
THE FRIEND.
tion or enjoyments. It is done, or finished.
This when applied to life, how solemn !
" In our Society, how many are as much
defiled as they would have been if they had
had the leprosy. Our blessed Lord once said.
There were many lepers in Israel at a time he
alluded to, but, said he, none of them wore
healed but Naaman the Syrian. There seems
great need of healing in our Society to cause
it to be healthy, comely and clean ; not pollu
ted and unclean. When will our defilements
cease ? We have need to do our first works.
We have need to repent and then do our first
works.
"I would willingly send real, sincere love
and good-will to you, my dear, absent friends.
Anrl, ag T think *!"'» is '^cry likely to be the
last token of love I shall send to you, may
that love that is pure be yours to enjoy. Faro
ye well — and if it should be a long, a last fare
well — the time is far spent — the long home is
at hand. I thought years ago, that I would
have been in another state of being before
now, but still I am here — an uncertain stay —
but sure to go. May the Divine will be done.
I am, affectionately, thy friend
John Heald."
Those of the readers of "The Friend," who
have traced in its pages the course of this
Friend, and observed his labor of love for the
good of others, and his watchful care to per-
form the duties required of him ; how willing
he was to undergo the needful baptisms to
prepare him for religious service, and yet pre-
ferring to disappoint the earnest expectation
of those who longed to hear him preach, rather
than to venture on such an engagement with-
out the sense of Divine requiring; these will
feel that the humble confidence in Divine
mercy with which he was favored in his de-
clining years was a fitting close to such a life.
He is one more added to that cloud of wit-
nesses who testify that the service of the Lord
is indeed a good service, and that the wages
received therein are precious, unspeakably
precious.
How the Eye is Swept and Washed. — For us
to be able to see objects clearly and distinctly,
it is necessary that the eye should be kept
clean. For this purpose it is furnished with
a little gland from which flows a watery fluid
(tears), which is spread over the eye by the
lid, and it is afterward swept oiF by it, and
runs through a hole in the bone to the under
surface of the nose, while the warm air pass-
ing over it while breathing, evaporates it. It
is remarkable that no such gland can be found
in the eyes of fish, as the element in which
they live answers the same purpose.
If the eye had not been furnished with a
liquid to wash it, and a lid to sweep it ofi',
things would appear as they do when you
look through a dusty glass. Along the edges
of the eyelids there is a groat number of little
tubes or glands, from which flows an oily sub-
stance which spreads over the surface of the
skin, and thus prevents the edges from being
sore or irritated, and it also helps to keep
tears within the lid. There are also six little
muscles attached to the eye which enable us
to move it in every direction ; and when we
consider the different motions they are capable
of giving to the eye, we cannot but admire
the goodness of Him who formed them, and
thus saved us the trouble of turning our heads
every time we wished to view an object.
For "The Friend."
The Heart of Africa, by Dr. Schweinfurth.
(Continued from p.'ige 29S.)
"We were not long in leaving the Shillook
villages far behind. The inhabited region
seemed to recede as our boat made its way
along the water-course. The stream divided
itself into a multitude of channels, which
threaded their way amidst a maze of islands.
The distant rows of acacias on eitherside were
the only tokens to indicate the mainland.
This was the day on which we first saw the
papyrus. To me, botanist as I was, the event
elevated the day to a festival. Here at a lati-
tude of 9° 30' N. are we now first able to salute
this sire of immortal thought, which centuries
ago was juet as abundant in Egypt as at pre-
sent it is on the threshold of the central
deserts of Africa. I was quite lost in admira-
tion at the variety of production of the sur-
face of the water, to which the antique papy-
rus gave a noble finish. It strikes the gaze
like the creation of another world, and seems
to inspire a kind of reverence : although for
days and weeks I was environed by the mar-
vellous beauties which enrich the flora of the
Nile, my eye was never weary of the vision
of its graceful form.
" The hindrances to our progress caused by
the excessive vegetation began now to give
us some anxiety. All day long we were be-
wildered not only by the multiplicity of chan-
nels, but by masses of grass, papyrus, and
ambatch, which covered the whole stream
ike a carpet, and even when they opened
gave merely the semblance of being passages
" Thick masses of little weeds float about
the surface of the water, and by forming a
soft pulp, contribute an effectual aid to bind
together the masses of vegetation. Like a
cement this conglomerate of weeds fills up all
the clefts and chasms between the grass and
ambatch islands, which are formed in the back-
water where the position is sheltered from
the winds and free from the influence of the
current.
"On the 8th of Fobruaiy began our actual
conflict with this world of weeds. That en-
tire day was spent in trying to force our boats
along the temporary openings. The pilots
were soon absolutely at a loss to determine
by which channel they ought to proceed. On
this account two vessels were detached from
the flotilla to investigate the possibility of
making a passage in a more northerly dii'oc-
tion. Two hundred of our people, sailors and
soldiers, were obliged to lug with r^pes for
hours together to pull through one boat after
the other, while they walked along the edge
of the floating mass, which would boar whole
herds of oxen, as I subsequently had an op-
portunity of seeing.
" Verjr singular was the spectacle of the
vessels, as though they had grown in the place
where they were, in the midst of this jungle
of papyrus, fifteen feet high ; whilst the
bronzed, swarthy skins of the naked Nubians
contrasted admirably with the bright green
which was everywhere around. The^fihrieks
and shouts with which they sought to cheer
on their work could be heard miles away.
The very hippopotamuses did not seem to like
it ; in their alarm they lifted their heads from
the shallows in which they had stationed
themselves for respiration, and snorted till
the gurgling around was horrible. The sailors,
concerned lest by their bulk these unwieldy
creatures should injure the boats — not an un-
known occurrence — gave vent to the full for ,
of their lungs. This unearthly clamor w
indeed the solitary means of defence at tht
command ; in such a turmoil — men and boa
in every direction — firing a shot was not to i
thought of."
After several days of laborious effort, th(
succeeded in passing this grass barrier. J
other difliculty of much magnitude was e
countered, and on the 22d of the month th«
reached the Meshera, where the boats are pi
up for the season, and the merchants eoi
mence their journeys by land into differei
parts of the interior. The elephants ha'i
been gradually exterminated or driven aws
into remoter regions, by the active pu
suit which the demand for their ivory hi
created, and year by year, the enterprisii
merchants push their explorations further in'
the interior. They purchase of the natii
hunters the ivory which the year's huntir
has enabled them to accumulate. Thoug
the price they pay for it is very small, yet tl
cost of maintaining a large body of soldie
for their protection, and the expense incurn
in other ways are so heavy, that the ultima
profit is not unreasonably large. By force (
arms thoy compel the native tribes, who con
under their influence, to furnish provisioi
and persons to carry their goods from plai
to place, for in this part of Africa, man is tl
only beast of burden. They unscrupulous!
plunder the cattle from those ti-ibes who rail
them, and regularly organize cattle-stealin
expeditions. The number annually seized i
this way amounts to several thousand. Tl
magnitude of the operations may be imagine
from the statement of Dr. Schweinfurth, thj
the expedition which he followed into theiij
terior, numbered about 1000 men. ,
The first part of their journey wasthroug
the territory of the Dinka. This is a nume;
ous tribe occupying a country of some sixt
or seventy thousand square miles in exten
They are eminently a grazing people, and ri
gard their cattle almost with veneration. 1;
them, they are the symbol of wealth. Soir:
of their cattle-pens will contain 10,000 ani
mals, judging from the number of pegs t'
which thoy ^re tethered. They are neve
killed for food, but those that die naturally ci
by accident are eaten. The owner himself i
too much afflicted at the loss to partake of th
feast. They cultivate several varieties of grai
and roots, and are superior to many of thji
African tribes in their skill and cleanlinesi
in cooking. According to Dinka notions c;
propriety, it is becoming for none but wome'
to wear any covering; any attire, even of th'l
most moderate description, is considered ui||
worthy of the men. Our author acquirei
among them the ironical title of " The Turkiaji
lady," from always appearing in a completi
suit of clothes.
Even among these simple people, the influ
once of fashion is apparent. The wives of th
wealthy are often laden with nearly half a
hundred weight of iron rings as ornamenti
These on their wrists and ankles clank lik
the fetters of slaves. The favorite ornament
of the men are massive ivory rings, whicl
they wear round the upper part of the arms.
The next important tribe beyond theDinkaf
is the Bongo nation. They are an agricul
tural people, and have been reduced into com
plete subjection by the ivory merchants, th
whole country being partitioned out amon;
them. This is indeed their head quarters
THE FRIEND.
307
;here they keep throughout the j-ear resident
Irents, and their stores of provisions and
'crchandize; and from their fortified places
illed wSeribas, their trading parties make long
ctursions among the wilder tribes of the in-
lior. Some of these seribas have grown to
le magnitude of small towns, and contain
:ihap8 1000 inhabitants.
The Bongo people are not so pure a black
, the Dinka and more northern tribes, but a
ddish brown shade of color. Their soil
lounds in iron, of which they are skilful
laiiufacturers. With a rude bellows, and a
animer, which often is merely a round ball
(' jiebble stone (though sometimes a little
yramid of iron without a handle) upon an
iivil of stone, with an ordinary chisel and a
air of tongs consisting of a split piece of
reen wood, they produce arms, tools and or-
aments of admirable quality and elegant
■orkmanship. The most important of their
•on manufactures are for articles of trade —
pcur-heads, regular spades, and a rough spade
1 the shape of a flat circle about a foot in
iameter with a short handle. These are the
irculating currency of Central Africa, being
tored up in the treasures of the rich, and
vailable for purchases and for the marriage
lortions which every suitor is obliged to give.
They practice basket making and pottery
aanufacture, and from the vegetable fibres of
ome of the cultivated plants they twist a cord
vhich they use in making fish-nets and snares
or birds. The children weave baskets in the
orm of long tubes, which they lay flat upon the
ground in the immediate neighborhood of the
inouse-holes ; they then commence a regular
battue, when the scared mice, scampering back
JO regain their homes, run through the stub
i)le, and often rush into the open traps, where,
iike fish in a weir-basket, they are easily
secured. In this way the Bongo boys catch
'jonsiderable quantities of meriones, Mus gen-
'His, and M. barbarus, which they tie together
by their tails in clusters of about a dozen, and
barter them to each other as dainty morsels.
' These are our cows,' they would shout to me
with great glee whenever I met them return-
ing after their sport had been successful.
Another use which is made of*the mice which
are captured by this simple artifice is to em-
ploy them for a bait for securing what they
esteem the especial delicacy of roast cat. On
the narrow paths which traverse the steppes
like rifts in the long grass, they construct
diminutive huts out of some twisted reeds ;
by placing the mice inside these they are very
often able to entice the cats into a snare.
"To agriculture men and women alike ap-
ply themselves, devoting their greatest atten-
tion to the culture of their sorghum. The
amount of labor they bestow upon this cereal
is very large. The seed is lavishly broadcast
into trenches which have been carefully pre
pared for its reception, and when it has ger-
minated and made its appearance above the
ground, two or three weeks are spent in thin-
ning the shoots and in transplanting them
away from the spots where they are too thick
a system which experience has shown can
very advantageously be applied to maize.
Very few vegetables are cultivated, but for
these the people find a variety of substitutes
in the wild plants and tubers which abound.
"During the rainy season the country is
very prolific in many varieties of funguses
The Bongo have a great fancy for them ; they
keep them till they are on the verge of decay
and then dry and pound thorn. They use
them for the purpose of flavoring their sauces,
which in consequence are enriched by a luiut
gout, which without depreciation maj' perhaps
be compared to rotten fish. Throughout the
country I never saw anj' funguses but what
were perfectly edible, and some of them I
must confess were very palatable." The
larger species frequentlj' grow to a height of
nine inches, are a foot in diameter, and weigh
nearly fifty pounds.
Our author sa3'8 : " Whenever a halt is made
upon the marches across the wilderness, the
bearers, as soon as they are liberated from
their burdens, set very vigorously to work
and grub up all sorts of roots from the nearest
thickets. I can myself vouch for a fact, which
might fairly be deemed incredible, that thirty
Bongo who accompanied me on my return to
Sabb}', at a time when I had scarcely enough
to keep me from starvation, subsisted for six
consecutive daj-s entirely on these roots, and
although we were hurrying on by forced
marches, they lost neither their strength nor
their spirits. Their constitution was radically
soijnd, and they seemed formed to defy the
treatment of their inhospitable home.
"Already it has been mentioned that there
is an entire deficiency of common salt through-
out the district of the Gazelle. The alkali
that is everywhere its substitute is obtained
by soaking the ashes of the burnt wood of the
Grewia mollis, a shrub common throughout
Bongoland."
(To be continued.)
For "The Friend."
Reflections upoa Philadciphia Yearly Meeting.
As the mind dwells upon the occurrences
and feelings that attended the recent meeting
of this body, some things present, which may
be of interest to those who were not present
on that occasion, and which do not properlj'
belong to a narrative of its proceedings, such
as has already been published in the columns
of " The Friend."
Prominent among these, was the effect pro-
duced by the presence of several friends from
other Yearly Meetings. It has often been the
case that the time of the meeting has been
much wasted, and the patience of those pre-
sent severely tried, by long and unseasonable
discourses, which, however earnest they might
be, were felt to be out of place, and did not
carry with them that evidence of Divine au-
thority which is the accompaniment of trne
GospM ministry. Though we were not free
from some such interruptions in our recent
gatherings on the part of those who were
strangers, yet the dignity, propriety and
weight which marked the demeanor of others
was peculiarly pleasant ; and had a decided
eftect in strengthening the feeling of brotherly
love, and in awakening a renewed interest in
the welfare of different parts of the flock.
These Friends, in their private conversations,
fully confirmed many of the reports which
had reached us of the extent to which a large
number under our name had departed from
the doctrines and practices of the Society of
Friends. They were evidently bowed under
the weight of these things, and were suffering
with the suffering seed, but they were com-
forted by mingliiig with those of like views
with themselves, their faith re-animated, and
they strengthened still \o maintain the de-
fence of those principles which they had long
trusted in, and whose goodness they had
proved. Their company and the unity which
they expressed, produced a similar effect on
many here — remindingof the ancient proverb,
" Iron sharpeneth iron ; so a man sharpeneth
the countenance of his friend." Some among us
were led to realize more clearly, and to enter
more fully into sympathj' with, the trying
position in which they were placed in their
own meetings and neighborlioods ; and to de-
sire with more fervency that the hands of all
such throughout the Societ}' of Friends might
be strengthened, and that the people every-
where, who were wandering from the true
fold, might be brought back, and enabled to
see the delusive nature of that sympathetic
excitement which has to so largo an extent
been mistaken for the true work of grace.
The fact cannot be disguised that there has
been in very many cases such a departure
from our doctrinal views as leads to a radical
change in religious practice.
Our 'early Friends, while they fully recog-
nized the atoning efficacy of the offering of
himself on Calvary, made by the blessed Re-
deemer, steadily directed the attention of
their hearers to the operations in their own
hearts of that Light, Spirit or Grace, which
He purchased for them, and which is the ap-
pointed Guide to lead all to that knowledge
of the only true God, and of Jesus Christ
whom Ho has sent, which is saving. They
taught the world, that it was by submitting
to and uniting with this Holy Spirit in its
leadings and workings, that they would come
to have trtie and saving faith, and experience
the real benefit of the sufferings and death of
the Son of God. This teaching was eminently
practical. It did not merely tell the listeners
to " Come to Jesus," as we have so often heard
of latter times, but it pointed out the way to
become His true disciples, even as He himself
had long before shown in those memorable
words: "If any man will be my disciple, let
him deny himself, take up his daily cross and
follow me." This made them a humble,
watchful, self-denying people, depending from
day to day on the fresh extension of Divine
help for their own preservation, and for all
ability to labor in the cause of righteousness.
Thus their growth in salvation was the efi"ect
of the working within them of that spirit
which was promised as the Leader into all
truth ; and they were willing patiently to wait
and quietly to hope for its perfect accomplish-
ment.
But now we hear much said of immediate
salvation. It is spoken of as a very easy
matter. A large congregation will be told by
one who presumes to preach, that it is in the
power of every one present to be saved before
they leave the room at the close of the meet-
ing. As the saving visitations of Divine grace
are utterly beyond our control, those who
listen to such teaching and believe it to be
true, are in danger of substituting therefor
some intellectual or emotional operation of
the mind, and of relying upon this. Hence
thej- may become putted up with an imaginary
conceit of their own attainments — and such
is often lamentably the case. How often have
we known of such persons confidentlj' pro-
claiming that their names were written in the
Lamb's book of life, when it was painfully
evident to others that they did not exhibit
those Christian graces of humility, meekness
and submission to those in authority, which
would have been present, if their professed
attainments had been real ! Such are greatly
308
THE FRIEND.
to be pitied. If they undertake to teach others,
it is only the blind leading the blind, to the
danger of falling into a ditch together.
The practical effect of this system too often
is to encourage self-righteouaness — the re-
liance really being on something the indi-
vidual does of his own, whatever else he may
suppose. Even where there are real and pre-
cious visitations of Divine love to the soul,
instead of patiently abiding under them, and
permitting them to have their perfect work
such persons are many times led to enter at
once into some public sphere of labor for which
they are not prepared, and thus their own
growth in grace is hindered, and the work
being marred, they never attain to that bright-
ness and usefulness in the church which be
longs to a polished shaft.
The contrast between the sitting of the
Yearly Meeting on Fifth-day afternoon, and
that on Sixth-da}', when it closed its delibera-
tions for this year, furnishes an illustration of
the wisdom of that advice of George Fox :
" Friends, hold all your meetings in the power
of God."
On Fifth-day, the meeting became more
unsettled than was the case at any other time
during the week ; especially while considering
the proposition from Burlington Quarterly
Meeting, to change the language of the Query
respecting the use of spirituous liquors. No
doubt there was much exercise of mind on the
part of many Friends, and an effort to keep
themselves under the iniJuence of that Power,
which alone can enable such a meeting to per-
form its duties to the honor of its Holy Head.
But spiritually, it was alow time; the restrain
ing influence of Divine Grace was not felt to
be in dominion over the meeting, and several
remarks were made on the subject under con-
sideration which were ill-timed, undigested,
injudicious, or defective in other ways. This
tended to encourage others to similar exhibi-
tions; and thus, though the meeting was con-
ducted with decorum, we seemed for a time
in danger of degenerating into the condition
of an ordinary debating assembly. Such is
ever the tendency of that talkative spirit,
which impels Friends to partake in the dis-
cussions of our meetings for business, without
waiting to have the mind seasoned with re-
ligious exercise, so that our words may be
savory.
On Sixth-day, through Divine favor, almost
from beginning to end, a degree of solemnity
was to be felt. This increased as the meetino-
progressed. Those who spoke seemed gener-
ally under this influence, and their weighty
and tender remarks were comforting and edi-
fying. When the sitting was ended, there
■was a general feeling of rejoicing for the mer-
cies vouchsafed. J.
Selected.
By experience I can speak it, that the ways
of holiness afford more true comfort and peace
to the upright soul, than the greatest pleasures
this world can afford ; the former reaches the
heart and soul, while the delights of this world
are but a show, and appearance only, vanish-
ing like a dream ; and whoever believes other-
wise of them, will certainly find them to be
but lying vanities ; therefore the apostle might
boldly put the question to the converted Ro-
mans, viz: "What fruit had you in those
things whereof you are now ashamed ? For
the end of those things is death." — John
Crook.
WHAT IS PRAYER?
What is prayer ? Converse with God,
The breathing forth of strong desire,
The burning of celestial fire;
A message to the courts above,
Borne on the wings of faith and love.
What is prayer? The hidden spring
That rises in the soul from grace ;
It is the spirit's resting-place,
A symptom of the life within —
A wrestling of the soul with sin.
What is prayer ? The suppliant's voice.
Breathed in a sigh, a stifled groan,
That rises to the heavenly throne
As fragrant incense to his ear.
Who first inspires, then answers prayer.
What is prayer ? A refuge where
The stricken mourner seeks repose;
Looks up and finds amid his woes
A Friend enthroned above the skies,
A Friend who well can sympathize.
What is prayer ? A potent power
That brings down blessings from the skies •
It is the channel that supplies
The soul with health and peaceful days,
Till prayer is merged in endless praise.
OirisUan Advocate
• •
Selected .
LIVE FOR SOMETHING.
Live for something, be not idle —
Look about thee for employ!
Sit not down to useless dreaming —
Labor is the sweetest joy.
Folded hands are ever weary,
Selfish hearts are never gay.
Life for thee hath many duties —
Active be, then, while you may.
Scatter blessings in thy pathway !
Gentle words and cheering smiles,
Better are than gold or silver
With their grief dispelling wiles.
As the pleasant sunshine falleth,
Ever on the grateful earth,
So let sympathy and kindness
Gladden well the darkened hearth.
Hearts that are oppressed and weary —
Drop the tear of sympathy ;
Whisper words of hope and comfort.
Give, and thy reward shall be
Joy unto thy soul returning,
From this perfect fountain head,
Freely as thou freely givest,
Shall the grateful light be shed.
The Potato-rot. — This disease first made its
appearance, so far as we know, about thirty
years ago. The most destructive season of
that epidemic in this country was in 1844.
Previously to that time, the annual crop of
potatoes in the United States amounted to
over one hundred million bushels ; but, in con-
sequence of the blight, it was reduced in some
parts of the country to one-half, or even to
one-quarter of the ordinary yield.
In 1845 it showed itself in England, Scot-
land, and Ireland, and spread with great
rapidity. The disease broke out again in"l854
and 18.55, and was destructive in the State of
New York, in Rbode Island, Massachusetts,
Ohio, Illinois, and at various other points, and
about 18C5, or ten years later, it made its
appearance for a third time.
This destructive malady was at last found
to be due to the ravages of a microscopic
fungus, called, from its mode of fructification
and its injurious effects, the Peronospora in-
fest ans.
When the peronospora is placed in contact
with the leaves of a potato-vine, its filaments
penetrate into and through the epidermic cells,
and so reach the intercellular tissue of the
leaf and stem ; and there they continue t
grow producing a rapid withering and blighti
When the parasite has attained a certair
growth, it begins to fructify. Its upright fila
ments burst through the pores of the leave.s
and are crowned with the characteristic chaii
of spores. Each spore, when ripe, if suppliec
with moisture, produces six or seven second-
ary zoospores, armed with long vibratins
cilia, and capable of a rapid spontaneous mo
tion. After moving about for a short time
the zoospore becomes quiescent, throws out
an elongated filament, and germinates afresh.
It is no doubt in this way that the germ oli
the parasite reaches the tuber of the potato:
at the root of the vine. For if sound potatoes:
be placed in the ground, and the surface of
the soil be sprinkled with the spores of per-
onospora, and then watered from time to time,
the potatoes are found to be infested with the
disease in about ten days.
This species aftbrds a good example of the
extreme fecundity of parasitic fungi. It has
been estimated that, on the under surface of
a potato-leaf, one square line is capable of pro-
ducing over three thousand spores. Each
spore supplies at least six zoospores; so that
from one square line we may have nearly
twenty thousand reproductive bodies, each
capable of originating a new mycelium ; and
a square inch of surface may yield nearly three
million such bodies.
The mycelium filaments can penetrate the
cellular tissue of a leaf in twelve hours, and,
when established there, may grow and bear
fruit in eighteen hours longer, while the
spores are perfected and ready to germinate
in twenty-four hours after they have been de-
tached and placed in water. This fully ex-
plains the rapidity with which the disease is
known to spread. — Address on the origin and
propagation of disease, by Dr. J. C. Balton.
For "The Priend."
Memoirs anil Letters of Sarah Hillman.
(Continued from page 299.)
" Philada. 9th mo. 2d, 1842.— Since thy last
visit, again and again has my spirit bended
towards thee in renewed sympathy and affec-
tion : yea, in that fellowship which lives
through death. And earnestly do I desire,
whatever be the trials and probations which
may be permitted or appointed in our passage
through this wilderness, and land of droughts,
of deserts and of pits, and however many
times we may be put as into the furnace heat-
ed 'one seven times hotter than it was wont
to be heated,' we may hold on to the little
grain of living faith, which has in mercy been
gi-anted, and is from time to time renewed;
' that so nothing may ever be able to separate
us from the love of God which is in Christ
Jesus our Lord.'
Ah ! my dear friend, we have realized His
Almighty Power to still the mighty raging
waves, the fiery darts of the wicked one to
quench, and to cause the heart that was
shrouded almost in despair to sing to the
springing up of the well of Life ; then why
should we so often be ready to give over the
hope that wo shall one day be made victori-
ous, yea more than conquerors through Him
who hath loved us and given Himself for us?
His arm is not shortened that He cannot save,
neither His ear grown heavy that He cannot
hear; but with righteousness doth He judge
the poor, and rejirove with equity for the
meek of the earth ; and I believe He will arise
THE FRIEND.
309
,'hen His set time is come ; and not only
|lead the cause of His oppressed people, but
inll set them in safety from him that pufleth
It them, and from all their enemies. So that
ne truth of the declaration will be seen, and
be enquiry go forth, ' How should one chase
thousand and two put ten thousand to flight,
xcept their rock had sold them and the Lord
iad shut them up?'
Ah ! it is a fearful thing to be crushing the
rophets and despising the word through
hem ; as it is a fearful thing to be daring to
ay, the Lord saith it, albeit He hath not
poken, and when He riseth up to plead whose
ight it is; who can withstand Him? No fig-
aaf covering will hide them, neither can any
■f us flee ; He can no more be cheated than
ie will be mocked ; naked and bare must we
.ppear before Him, every covering which is
lOt of His spirit, will be stripped otf: what
yill it signify then to say, ' We have eaten
.nd drunk in thy presence, and thou hast
aught in our streets,' if the heart is not right
vith Him, if any idols have taken the place
jf which He, as the great Shepherd, Prophet,
Priest and King, ought to have entire rule,
)ught to reign and govern.
Oh ! it seems to mo the day is at hand, when
,here will be a great shaking in the midst of
,he land, and if there be but a few berries
eft, a few gleaning grapes, two or three as
)n the outmost fruitful branches, there will, I
im persuaded, be a gathering to these ; there
ivill be a gathering to Shiloh, for unto Him,
ind not to any other, shall the gathering of
the people be. I long for myself, and for us all
who profess the name of Christ, more especi-
illy we who sometimes are engaged and con-
strained by the renewings of His grace, and
the fresh babblings up of the well-spring of
salvation, to speak a word in His name. I
long for our preservation on the immutable
foundation, Jesus Christ the righteous, that
neither divination nor enchantment may pre-
vail against us; that in that awful day when
inquisition will be made, we may be found
clear of the blood of all men. Oh, how awful
it will be to have deceived any, to have
preached any other way or truth, than the
truth as it is in Jesus our holy Head. To have
been gathering the people to ourselves, or set-
ting up forms for substance, or bringing men's
person into admii'ation because of advantage.
The Apostle Paul, who know the terrors of
the Lord (and through His unutterable mercy
He has visited our souls and made us to feel
His terrors for sin,) said, 'Woe is unto me if
I preach not the Gospel,' and it is truly woe
to us if we preach not the Gospel. Oh ! then
let us, my beloved friend, cleave close to the
Light, and walk closely with our dear Master,
not fearing the fears of the heathen, but keep-
ing our eye single to Him, we shall find that
He still keeps that ' man in perfect peace,
whose mind is stayed on Him, because he
trusteth in Him.' "
"Virginia, 5th mo. 18^3. * * * Ah ! how
sorrowful to see the children of this people
scattered as they are, as sheep having no
shepherd. It seems as if there was none that
could break a little bread even if the child
asked it; too many of whom seem content
with the flesh pots of Egypt, and having loved
this present world have little relish for the
things of Jesus, the things of the kingdom;
those things which accompany life and salva-
tion. Oh what will these careless ones do
when God riseth up, and when he appeareth
what will they answer him. I fear it will
be said to some, 'Ye have lived in pleasure
on the earth, and been wanton, &c. ; and even
some who have made a high profession seem
to have grown weary of the way ; thej' have
run with the footmen, and they have wearied
them, how shall they contend with horses,
with the strong and powerful? and if in the
land of ])eace, in a state of carnal security
they wearied them, oh ! how will they do in
the swelling of Jordan? in that day when
refuge fails, when there is no way to look,
nor any think to trust to or in but God that
showeth mercy.
As to health, I am as well as when I left
homo, and desire to be thankful for this favor.
May we all strive to dwell so near our Divine
Lord and Master, as to be preserved from the
snare of the fowler, and to know our life hid
with Him in all our trials and conflicts, and
when the days of our pilgrimage on earth are
finished, be found of him in peace."
" Fhilada. bth mo. 31st, 1843. * * * The
lines of Cowper came sweetly into remem-
brance, 'He is a freeman whom the truth
makes free,' &c., and surely none else are free
indeed. The language seems applicable, ad-
dressed by the prophet speaking in the name
of the Highest to a people formerly, ' I am
pressed under j^ou as a cart is pressed that is
full of sheaves.' Ah! when the great Dasher
in pieces shall come up against them what
will they do? they have lightly esteemed the
sacrifice commanded to be offered in the holy
place, and are yet making high profession of
spiritual attainments, painted as Zion truly,
but where is the life and zeal, and primitive
simplicity for which our forefathers iu the
truth were so conspicuous? where is their de-
votion and devotedness to be seen amongst
these people? Oh how sorrowful is the state
of too many among us who yet are taking
upon them to rule in the church, and lord it
over the heritage ; who have not been livitig
witnesses of the sufferings of Christ, as was
Peter, and also partakers of the glory that
shall be revealed."
(To be continued.)
The subjoined review of the weather for the
past month, is taken from the Philadelphia
Xorth American, and is interesting as it proves
it to have been the coldest Fourth month
since 1798.
Review of the Wentlier, &c.
FOR FOURTH MONTH (AI'UII.).
187
1874.
K;iin during some portion of the
twenty-four lionrs, .
Rain all or nearly all day.
Snow, including very slight falls,
C'londy, without storms,
Clear, as ordinarily accepted,
TEMPERATURES, RAIN,
Mean Temperatnre of Fourth
month, per I'enn.sylvania
Hospital, ....
Highest point during do.
Lowest do. during do., do. .
Rain, during the month, do.
Deaths, during the month,
being/our current weeks for
each year 1278
Average of the mean temperature of Fourth
month for the past eighty-five years.
Highest mean of temperature during that
entire period, 1871, . . . .
Lowest mean of temperature during that
entire period, 1794 and 1798, .
COMPARISON OF RiVIN.
1873.
6.04 inch.
5.60 "
2.24 "
4^19 "
. 14 days
2 '*
U, 4 "
. 10 days.
4 "
3 "
. 4 "
4 "
30 "
30 "
, DEATHS,
1873.
&C.
1874.
51.83 degs.
70.05 "
36.05 "
4.19 inch.
44.89 dega.
66.00 "
24.50 "
7.50 inch.
First month (January),
Second month (February"),
Tldnl month (March), .
I'hurth month (April),
Totals for the first four months
of each year.
. 18.07
1385
50.26 deg.
58.18 "
44.00 "
1874.
4.21 inch.
2.82 "
1.59 "
7.50 "
14.12 "
That the month just closed has been an ex-
ceedingly unpleasant one cannot be denied.
We read from our diary :
Fourth month 3d. — Passengers to the Pacific
by rail breakfast in the Sierras, with twenty
feet of snow around them ; four hours later
they find wheat four inches high, and the next
day see pear and peach trees in blossom.
Fourth month 4th. — Very cold. Ice made
last night, five-eighths of an inch thick by
actual measurement. Yesterday it was re-
ported that " snow from twenty to thirty feet
deep, and solid as ice, is still lying in various
parts of California."
Fourth month 5th. — Snow at Hudson, N.
Y., six inches deep, and still falling. The
same evening three inches fell at Ogdensburg,
N. Y.
Fourth month 9th. — Louisville and Mem-
phis were visited by a severe snow storm, to
the astonishment of their oldest inhabitants,
who could not remember that such a thing
had ever before happened in that latitude in
April. The storm lasted nearly all day at
Louisville, but only two hours at Memphis.
Fourth month iOth. — Snow at Erie, Pa.,
six inches deep.
Fourth month 11th.— We thus note frost
in West Philadelphia this morning. The en-
tire week ending j-esterday has been very
cold. This morning everything stiffened up
with it. Plenty of ice about. Froze all day
in the shade.
Fourth month 13th.— Still very cold. We
know of water having frozen solid in pipes
measuring one inch in diameter in the inside.
Truth, and the discipline of the church. The ! belonging to a steam engine in the lower part
heart should yearn after them in a spirit of jOf the city, splitting said pipes so as to neces-
restoring love and meekness." Isitate now ones.
A great variety of articles, including grain
bags, wagon covers, floor covers, ropes, sails,
&c., are made in Russia from the inner bark
of the bass-wood or linden tree, a million of
trees being destroyed annually in the manu-
facture, and the value of the articles produced
amounting to $2,400,000. The bark is col-
lected by the peasants, in May and June,
when the ascent of the sap renders peeling
easy. That of the lower part of the trunk,
generally employed for rooting, is obtained in
pieces about .5} by 3i feet, and is warmed,
and pressed to prevent its curling. That of the
upper part of the trunk and of the branches
is tied in bundles and rotted under water until
September, when it is dried by aid of heat
and separated into thin, delicate strips, suit-
able for weaving into matting, and varying
in weight according to the use to be made of
it. The heaviest is sold at the Nishni Nov-
gorod fair at about $24 per hundred weight.
— North American.
"The object, in dealing with offenders,
should ever be to convince and restore them,
no less than to maintain the testimonies of
310
THE FRIEND.
Fourth month 16th. — Nashville, Tennessee,
was visited oy a tornado, which is estimated
to have destroyed property to the amount of
$100,000.
Fourth month 17th. — Snow fell at Bing-
hamton, N. T., to the depth of four inches.
Chicago reports that "Easter Sunday was
signalized here and throughout the west by a
violent and long-continued snow storm, which
threatened to interrupt travel."
Fourth month 25th. — Snow storms appear
to have extended over a large surface of
country.
Fourth month 29th and 30th.— New Hamp-
shire was visited by a severe snow storm on
"Wednesday night and yesterday, during which
the snow fell to the depth of over a foot on
the level, and was still snowing heavil}^.
Fourth month 28lh. — Snow in New Yoi-k.
Fourth month 29th. — We hear from Wash-
ington: "For several hours this morning a
severe snow storm prevailed, which is some-
thing unusual for this city at this season of
the year. At 12 o'clock, however, the snow
had almost entirely disappeared."
On the same day it was reported that snow
fell to the depth of nineteen inches at the
Water Gap and on the mountains south of
Wilkesbarre it was eighteen inches deep, and
that there was frost in Alabama, and that the
ice is still firm between Montreal and (Quebec ;
also that a severe storm of snow and rain
visited Delaware, while by private correspond-
ence from Osceola, Penna., we learn that snow
has fallen within a day or two to the depth of
ten and a half inches, and is still falling.
The year 1857 has been referred to by some
from memory as furnishing corresponding
weather with that of the present year for the
month under review. Upon refei-ring to our
diary we find the supposition to be nearly
correct. As we noted on the 6th, " mercury
down to 20 degrees, having fallen thirty de-
grees in one hour, while s«o!t) is noted in various
places between the 5th and 10th, but nothing
so late in the month as those chronicled this
year. The mean temperature of 1857 was
45.29.
It will be seen from the above that cold
weather and late snouis have been very exten-
sive this season in almost every section of
country. Terrible inundations and overflows
have also occurred in the west.
J. M. Ellis.
Philadelphia, Fifth mo. 2d, 1874.
Remarks on silent worship by a person not
belonging to the Society of Friends.
" Whatever others may think of silent wor-
ship, I find it -valuable, and bind it to my
bosom as an unspeakable treasure many can-
not appreciate. How can the soul open itself
before the Searcher of hearts ; how can it be
as clay in His hands, as a Mary at His feet ;
how can it hear the voice which says: ' This
is the way, walk ye in it,' if it be always
listening to or uttering words? The thing is
contrary to nature, and they who condemn
silence as a means, are themselves obliged to
have recourse to it, if they are seeking to be
among the number of those who enter the
strait gate, who follow their Lord whither-
soever he leads."
*"*"
Who is the honest man ?
He that doth still and strongly good pursue,
To God, his neighbor, and himself most true :
Whom neither force nor fawning can
Unpin or wrench from giving all their due.
'"• Herbert.
The Ruins of Troy.
Our readers may remember M. Schliemann
and his excavations in the soil of the ancient
Troad. That gentleman is at the point of
publishing a relation of his discoveries, to-
gether with two hundred photographic plates
representing the principal objects of his col-
lection. An eminent savant, M. Emile Bur-
nouf, Director of the French School at Athens,
addresses to the Temps an interesting notice
of the antiquities brought to light. After
some introductory remarks, he says:
" By his first discoveries M. Schliemann
was led to seek for the site of Troy in the
very spot where antiquity had placed it : that
is to say, at a locality called Hissarlik, not far
from the sea, and this is what he found : A
modern stratum, containing some Roman re
lies and some very important inscriptions,
extends over the hill to a depth of two yards
Besides the Greek antiquities prior to the
Roman epoch, the first layer furnished some
objects in iron, with arms and nails of bronze
but not a single article of pure copper. Among
the specimens of yturely Greek origin and his
torical date was found a slab of white marble
belonging to the Temple of the Italian Mi
nerva, the lower part of which building has
been uncovered.
Below the Hellenic stratum, which was the
remains of a colony which must have lasted
more than a thousand years, and only disap-
peared under Constantine II., lies the Trojan
and pre-liistoric bed, with a depth of as much
as sixteen j-ards. In this accumulation of
rubbish is found neither bronze or iron ; all
the metal objects are in pure copper, silver,
gold or electron (a very tine mixture of the
two latter). At a depth of nine yards a thin
layer of lead ore and cojiper extends nearly
over the whole mound, which was itself for-
tified. M. Schliemann has cleared away the
principal entrance, which is paved and flanked
by solid buildings ; the wall at the side is not
less than thirteen yards in thickness. Near
the spot, in a commanding situation, are the
remains of a large princely edifice, bj^ the side
of which was found the treasure of which I
will presentlj' speak. The ruins of the town
allow at least three strata to be distinguished ;
the upper one about two j^ards thick, leading
to a supposition that the houses were of wood,
and that they had been burned. The second
bed contains many walls formed of stones
cemented with mud, similar to those which
we ourselves found at Santorin under the
pumice stone of the volcano. The third laj^er
contains houses constructed with unbaked
bricks, according to the ancient custom of
Central Asia. All this part shows the traces
of an immense conflagration. The vases and
metals have been calcined or soldered by the
fusion ; the surface of the bricks has been
azed by the flames of a vast furnace.
This last bed is from seven to ten yards in
thickness. Below the depth just mentioned
there existed a still more ancient city where
walls have been found corajjosed of enormous
stones weighing from one to two tons each.
It was the first founded in that place, for it
rests on the virgin soil, which is a calcareous
rock. A whole volume would be required to
describe the objects brought from the Troad
by M. Schliemann, as the number is more
than 15,000. Many of them are vases in
terra cotta, some turned in a lathe and others
modeled with the hand ; none of them are
painted, but most represent a woman with
prominent breasts and the face of an owleti ^
like Minerva of Homer, wearing a sort of hel!
met. The worship of the "Glaecopis Athene)
was manifestly the principal one in the placd I
for a great number of Palladiums in terrj
cotta, stone or bone have been found, rejirei
senting that divinity, sometimes in a ver'
striking manner. The instruments of pur*!
copper, with the molds and crucibles used foi
their manufacture, tools and weapons of flint^
the remains of lyres for seven or four strings
several thousand double cones pierced witl
a hole, and known under the name of fusai
oles, for female ornaments, mortars, mill, &c.
all form an ensemble such as no museum ir
Europe can boast of, and will furnish inex
haustible subjects of study. It is an entir(
feudal civilization now revealed to us.
What we can affirm is, that the race whicb
has left these memorials was unacquaintec
with iron, and was anterior to bronze. It was
therefore, also prior to the Illiad, in which
bronze, tin and iron are frequently mentioned
The inhabitants of the place were shut up it
a citadel ; twenty wells dug outside by M
Schliemann have demonstrated that there
were no dwellings beyond the walls. The
population lived under the rule of a feudal
lord, whose stronghold has now been brought
to light. Therein have been discovered, be-
side a host of minor objects, several vases of,
pure gold, silver or electron, two magnificenti
necklaces composed of a multitude of orna-'
ments and small chains of a primitive but still
advanced manufacture ; several thousand gold
heads, well cut ; eight bracelets and thirty-
six earrings of the same metal. There is nol
doubt that these valuables belonged to the!
proprietors of the chateau, and that the mas-
ter was at the same time the sovereign of the
country. But what was the name of the king?
Was it Priam ? I must be excused from re- '
plying to that question ; for we ought first to
know whether the Illiad is not analogous to
the Ramayana and the Schah-name, in which
the sun, moon, winds and clouds are repre-
sented as ancient heroes, and their cosmo-
gonic contests as human events. M. Schlie-
mann has in any case rendered an important
service to science, and done himself the great-
est honor in employing so nobly a fortune '
acquired by the rude adventures which you
have related." — Galignani's Messenger.
For " The Friend." I
In glancing over the pages of Penn's "Rise J
and Progress," I was struck with a passage, t
where he says, in referring to a class of religi- -
ous professors called " Seekers :" " They were
diligent, plain and serious ; strong in scrip- i
ture and bold in profession ; bearing much
reproach and contradiction. But that which
others fell by, proved their hurt. For worldly
influence spoiled them also, and they rested too
much upon their watery dispensation, instead
of passing on more fully to the fire and Holy
Ghost, which was His baptism, who came
with a fan in his hand, that he might tho-
roughly (and not in part only) purge his floor,
and take away the dross and the tin of his
people, and make a man finer than gold."
When these thoughts were passing through
the sagacious mind of Wm. Penn, quickened
as his perceptions were with heavenly know-
ledge, could he have seen the distant future,
and followed our beloved Society in its un-
equal struggle with the influence of the world,
he would have concluded, under a weight of
THE FRIEND.
311
, , orrow, that the Society of Friends also, whose
nterests he labored so much to promote,
Ivould, in process of time, reproduce the same
painful history in its relation to the effects
jroduced upon it by an ensnaring world,
jarge indeed are the inroads which have
)een made upon the peace and good order,
s'hich otherwise would have prevailed more
eminently among us; for it is obvious much
if the lukewarmness and laxity that exists ;
he prevalent indisposition to support any
estimony not regarded with popular favor ;
he tendency to run after other modes of
forship where gather large and fashionable
I .seemblies ; where the eye and the ear may
le entertained, and little may be heard or
ritnessed, calculated to humble pride, and
reak in pieces the flinty heart, proceed from
n inoi'dinatelove of the pleasures, the honors,
nd the riches of a vain and fawning world,
.'he love of money is declared to be the root
f all evil, which refers, I doubt not, to the
/orld as distinguished from things which be-
ing to one to come ; a more enduring life,
lence, if we would make an}- real progress
piritually, the world must be kept under our
3et ; for '• My kingdom is not of this world."
George Fox very often uses this language :
Mind the Light within ;" and as this comes
D rule in our hearts, other guests which had
re-eminence, and have exercised lordship
ver us, will be denied; and our experience
/ill be as his was, that the path of integrity
68 in the path of separation from the world
nd its spirit. And the watery dispensation
f the " Seekers," upon which they relied, is
omparable to the condition sadly prevalent
rithin our own borders, of substituting for the
lumbling, baptising operations of the Spirit
if Truth, a more superficial religion, cousist-
3g in a literal knowledge of the Scriptures,
nd an historical belief in the one atoning
acrifice upon the cross.
P. B.
Philadelphia, oth mo. 2d, 1S74.
Language of the Clouds. — The colors of the
ky at particular times afford wonderfully
;ood evidence. Not only does a rosy sunset
iresage fair weather and a ruddy sunshine,
mt there are other tints which speak with
'qual clearness or accuracy. A bright yellow-
sh sky in the evening indicates wind, a pale
rellow wet, a neutral gray color constitutes
I favorable sign in the evening, and an un-
avorable one in the morning. The clouds
ire full of meaning in themselves. If their
orms are soft, undefined and feathery, the
veather will be fine. If the edges are hard,
iharp and definite, it will be foul. Generally
.peaking, any deep, unusual lines, betoken
vind and rain, while the more quiet and deli-
;ate tints bespeak fair weather. — Late Paper.
Selected for "The Friend."
What a sweet feeling spreads over the
nind, when through the ever watchful Shep-
lerd, we are enabled to maintain a steadfast
;uard over our own spirits under provocation,
ind to stifle the rising disposition to anger
ind resentment; to suppress even an unkind
remark, and to bear in the meek spirit which
the Lord alone can give, whatever is calcu-
lated to irritate even in the small incidents of
life. "He that ruleth his own spirit, is better
than he that taketh a city."
It is only through humble watchfulness,
and secret breathing for preservation, from
day to day, that wo gain the victory.
THE FRIEND.
FIFTH MONTH 16, 1874.
From the character of the worship wliich
our Lord declared his Father sought from his
dependent creature man, it is evident that to
engage in it, or even to endeavor to perform
it, is an act of faith. There must be not only
a belief that He is, and that He is a rewardcr
of them who diligently seek him, but that the
Holj' Spirit is willing and ready to help our
infirmities, and, if waited on in the obedience
of faith, will prepare and enable the soul to
offer the worship that is in spirit and in
truth.
To know this to be accomplished when
gathered in our religious meetings, there
must be silent waiting, in order that the soul
may be in a condition to savor the things
that be of God ; for flesh and blood can no
more reveal the invisible I Am, than it could
recognize the deity of Christ when He was
bodilj' present with his disciples. They,
therefore, who go to meetings for divine wor-
ship, absorbed with the thoughts of those
things that belong only to the earthly mind,
or who are unbelieving in the necessity of
preparation of heart, through the operation
of a power superior to their own, if they dis-
regard the dutj' to struggle for a state of sol-
emn, reverential silence, and patient waiting
in subjection of spirit before the Lord, are not
likely to rise out of a condition unfit to receive
heavenly treasure, either immediately from
Him who is always in the midst of those
who are gathered in his Name, or mediately
through the ministry of his servants, whom
He has prepared and put forth to speak on
his behalf
It is, therefore, an evidence of sorrowful
declension, when, in a Society like that of
Friends — favored as it has been with a true
sense of the nature of Divine worshijj — hum-
ble, silent waiting before the Lord, loses its
due place or repute, and the notion prevails,
that meetings for worship must be occupied
with preaching or praying, or any other
external service. The currency of such an
opinion, betrays into two great evils — the
waiting of the congregration on those who
are expected to preach or pray; and the
prompting of persons to engage in those sol-
emn services, whom the Head of the Church
has neither commissioned nor prepared for
their performance. The inevitable sequence
of this departure from a practical belief in the
Headship of Christ in his church, and in Him
as the beginning and ending of the saint's faith,
ever has been, and must continue to be a shal-
low, emotional religion, accompanied by dry,
wordy, high sounding declamation by way of
preaching, and long, lifeless discursive prayers.
In this way the danger is incurred of promot-
ing ignorance of, if not disbelief in silently
and reverently feeding at the Lord's table,
where those who truly hunger and thirst after
righteousness are favored to partake of the
bread and water which come down from
heaven, and nourish the soul up unto eter-
nal life.
The age in which Friends arose, was one
of great dispute about forma of religion, and
large profession resjiecting its requirements
and its effects. Among the various sects into
which the visible church was divided and
subdivided, doubtless there were many honest
seekers after truth ; who, as they failed to find
what their souls longed for in one profession,
went to another; until the round of all in
which they thought a hojK' might be indulged
i)f finding the lost piece of silver, was ex-
hausted. But alas ! how many of them had
to confess, that though there was much talk
about Christ, the atonement He had made for
sin, and justification by belief in him and in it;
though the Scriptures were designated the
" word of God-" and regarded as an indubit-
able rule of faith and practice, to be therefore
studied and taught ; and what are called the
sacraments were deemed efticient means of
grace, yet their hearts remained untrans-
formed ; the new birth unto righteousness
was not brought forth, antl bondage to the
strong man armed was not done away ; the
natural result of seeking the living among
the dead.
Most of those who became early promul-
gators of primitive Christianity, as revived by
Friends, came out from among those sincere,
but disappointed seekers, and when they were
favored to see the truth as it is in Jesus, by
the inshining of the Light of Christ on their
darkened hearts, they recognized this as the
divine gift promised by Him, to convict the
world of sin, of righteousness, of judgment,
and to guide his obedient disciples into all
truth. As they became changed men them-
selves, and were prepared for the service
by the Head of the Church, they were com-
missioned by Him to call men to take heed to
this manifestation of the Light of Christ in
the soul, as the only means whereby they
could experience the saving benefits of the
miraculous coming, holy life and meritorious
death of Him who died for them on Calvary.
Thus George Fox, when speaking of the
work he was called to, and the commission
he received, says emphatically :
" When the Lord God and his Son Jesus
Christ, sent me forth into the world to preach
his everlasting gospel and kingdom, I was
glad that 1 icas commanded to turn people to
that inward light, spirit and grace, by which
all might know (heir salvation and their way to
God; even that Divine Spirit which would
lead them into all truth, and which I infallibly
know would never deceive any."
This was the scriptural doctrine that prin-
cipally distinguished Friends from all other
orthodox professors, and from it sprang the
testimonies thej- have been called to maintain
before the world. It no more invalidates or
lowers the doctrine of the atonement, media-
tion of, and salvation by Jesus Christ, than does
the declaration of the Apostle, that "the grace
of God bringeth salvation," and is, therefore,
■sufficient for bringing salvation ; or that it is
the law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus
that sets free from the law of sin and death ;
and is, thei-efore, sufficient to liberate from
the bondage of sin. They are all equally in
accord with the belief and acknowledgment,
that reconciliation with the Father, his for-
giveness of sin, and justification by the faith
He gives, are all in virtue of the meritorious
sacrifice of His Son without the gates of Jeru-
salem. The benefits of that sacrifice, and of
all the other outward offices of Christ, can be
savingly known in no other way than through
the ministration of this light, spirit, or grace.
312
THE FRIEND.
Our Saviour told his disciples that it would be
one of the offices of the Spirit of Truth, when
He was come, to glorify Him, to receive of
mine and show it unto you ; and the things
of Christ can be availingly experienced by
no other means. It is only those who walk
in this holy Light that know the blood of
Jesus Christ to cleanse from all sin.
Alas! how many of those now exercising
the office of preachers or teachers in our So
dety, appear to have seen no farther than
most of the professors from among whom
Friends were originally gathered ; and like
them, are leading their hearers to rest their
hopes of salvation on a self-wrought faith in
the accomplished work of Christ when person-
ally on earth, while knowing little or nothing
of the regenerating, transforming work of his
Spirit on the soul. How often do we hear
them calling their listeners to come to Christ
at once — as though sinners could come in
their own time and way — and to know their
sins to be immediately washed away in the
blood shed on Calvary, like those professors of
whom George Fox tells, who would have the
blood only without them, and not within them.
But by obedience to the inward manifestations
of the Light or Spirit of Christ, he and the other
early Friends were enabled to see the blood
of Christ to " sprinkle the heart and con-
science from dead works to serve the living
God." They preached salvation through
Christ to all to the very ends of the earth, who
would comply with the terms ; repentance
towards God, and faith in our Lord Jesus
Christ, as Ho reveals himself in the soul by
his Light and grace, and as made known in
his several offices through the holy Scriptures,
to those who are blessed with a knowledge of
those sacred records ; and salvation through
Him to those who are not favored with that
knowledge, by obedience to the same Divine
Light bestowed upon all, so far as it and its
requirings are made known.
Friends have al waj's borne testimony against
the doctrine, of men being justified by a faith
in Christ that is not manifested by good works,
and allows them to remain in their sins ; and
have held that unless the regenerating work
of the Holy Spirit is known in the soul, Christ
has died for us in vain. To this transform-
ing work, therefore, have they mainly called
the attention of the people, inasmuch as the
design of Christ's coming in the flesh, was to
save them /roHi their sins, and to destroy the
works of the devil. Yet they fully and grate-
fully acknowledge the mercy of the Father
in giving his dear Son to atone for and ran-
som his fallen creature man, that so, through
grace, the repentant sinner may be justified
freely, by the redemption that is in Christ
Jesus.
Were these scriptural doctrines, as originally
promulgated by Friends, and held by true
Friends ever since, preached to the people by
all, in the demonstration of the Spirit and
power, we should not hear of the excited,
methodistical* scenes, so rife in many places
within the pale of the Society. But the retro-
gression in doctrine and consequent disregard
of testimonies springing from it, is hailed as a
revival, and, unless the Lord had been pleased
to preserve a remnant to uphold Quakerism
in its purity, the whole Society would drift
back into the profession of the different de-
* Thia word is not used disparagingly of the respect-
able Society whose tenets admit of these excited scenes
nominations out of which it was first brought,
and having lost the substance, in the feeling
of unsatisfied want, finally be induced to re-
sort to the shadow, displayed in the beggarly
elements.
SUMMAKY OF EVENTS.
Foreign. — The state of affairs in Spain does not ap-
pear to have changed materially. Althongh the Car-
lists were compelled to raise the siege of Bilboa, their
forces did not move to any great distance and soon re-
turned to the vicinity. Dispatches from Bilboa say that
Generat Concha's troops are throwing up fortifications.
Don Carlos and General Elio are reported to be at
Durango, thirteen miles southeast from Bilboa. Don
Carlos has issued a proclamation announcing that he
will offer strong resistance to the Republican army in
the Biscay provinces. Bilboa has been completely re-
victualled. It is stated that a body of Carlists under
command of Don Alfonso had been defeated by the Ke-
publican troops.
General Manuel Concha has been appointed General-
in-chief of the Republican army of the north.
After the capture of Bilboa the Spanish government
again applied to Germany for the recognition of the
Republic.
In the House of Commons it was stated in reply to
the inquiry of a member that the British government
desires the resumption of diplomatic relations with
Mexico, and is ready to receive overtures to that end.
The coal miners of Durham have yielded to the terms
of (heir employers, and the strike is ended. The prices
of iron and coal have advanced in consequence of the
strikes. Seventy thousand laborers and miners were
recently out of employment and great distress preyailed
among them.
A meeting has been held in London to urge the dis-
establishment of the Church of England. Goldwin
Smith presided. In his address he advocated the ap-
plication of church endowments to the relief of the poor
and the promotion of education.
The steamship Caspian which left Liverpool for
Quebec on the tith inst., took out 350 agricultural
laborers for Canada.
The number of co-operative societies in England and
Wales is 7-16, with 300,587 members.
London, 5th mo. 11th. — Consols 93. U. S. five per
cents, 104}.
Liverpool. — Uplands cotton, 8}d ; Orleans, 8|d
The American Oriental Topographical Corps, now in
the Holy Land, have reached Jerusalem, after making
successful explorations in the vicinity of Mount Sinai.
They report as very remarkable the fact that they were
detained two days by a heavy snow storm about Mount
Sinai. The expedition will leave for Bashan and Moab.
The annual iron product of the world is 276,500,000
cwt. England produces more than one half of the whole
amount. North America about one-fifth, France about
one-twelfth, and Belgium about one-twenty-fourth,
these four constituting the great iron-producing sections
of the globe.
Severe frosts have done great damage to the vines
throughout France. It is estimated that the grape crop
this year will not be above half an average one.
Many cattle are starving in Nova Scotia. The win-
ters supply of fodder is exhausted, and the backward
spring has kept the grass from growing.
The length of the St. Gothard Tunnel will be 9 miles
and 715 yards. The altitude at the northern entrance
at Goeschenen will be 3703 feet above the level of the
sea, and that of the southern entrance 3850 feet. Tli_
highest point in the interior will be 3873 feet above the
sea level.
A Madrid dispatch of the 11th says: The Carlista,
under Don Alfonso lost 500 men in killed and wounded
in their recent defeat.
A special dispatch to the London Time^ says General
Concha began his advance from Bilboa on the 11th.
The Carlists are entrenching themselves in the moun-
tain passes. Genetal Elio has issued a decree that all
persons expressing dissent to the pretensions of Don
Carlos will be shot.
Foreign papers brought by the latest mails, report
unusually warm weather all over Europe. In Paris
and London the temperature was higher at the end of
Fourth month than it usually is in mid summer.
United States. — Miscdlaneom. — The deaths in New
York last week were 488, and in Philadelphia 300.
Disastrous fires are raging in the woods on the line
of the Lake Superior Railroad at North Branch and
Pine City, Minn. Fires are likewise reported in the
forests along the West Wisconsin Railroad, and trains
are delayed in consequence.
A fruit company at Santa Barbara, Cal., have unde
cultivation eighty acres of olive, almond and walnu ]
trees. The olive is cultivated with great success i \
California, some trees yielding twenty gallons of oi
The Gloucester fishing fleet, off Newfoundland, e.^;
perienced very rough weather during last montl
Several vessels were damaged and four men wer
drowned.
The court martial to try the charges preferred again- '
Major General O. O. Howard, has adjourned sine di,
The decision of the tribunal, after review of the Judg '
Advocate General, will be sent to the President fo
executive action. It is understood that General Howan -
is entirely exonerated from all charges.
In Philadelphia there are now 401 public school
with 1633 teachers ; number of names on the list o
registered voters 167,094 ; number of officers in Polic
Department 1092. 'The area of the city, including th
so called rural districts is 129 square miles.
According to a recent statement the number of news I
papers and periodicals in the United States has in I
creased from 4051 in 1860, to 6875 in 1874. Some o •
these publications have quite a limited circulation ■,:
others range between 50,000 and 100,000. Of these 64' ■
are daily papers, 5185 weeklies, and 1053 other inter
vals.
A disgraceful contest has been going on in Arkansa i
for several weeks past between two rival claimants fo,
the office of Governor of the State. No reference ha '
been made to it in the summary because of the impos'F
sibility of giving any clear statement in a few lines c I
the origin and circumstances of the difficulty. Eac
claimant has attempted to support his pretensions b
violence, and several persons have been killed an
wounded in hostile collisions. This state of affairs h,i
induced President Grant to advise that the Legislatur i
of the State shall promptly assemble to determin|(,
whether Baxter or Brooks shall be Governor. He als, ';
urgently requests that all forces on both sides be dif'i;
banded, so that the General Assembly may act freefrot '
any military pressure or influence.
The Markets, &c. — The following were the quotation I
on the 11th inst. New York. — American gold, 112.'
U. S. sixes, 1881, Reg. 1]9|; Coupons 12U; ditti
1868, Reg., 119|; coupons, 120J; U. S. fives, ll-V;
Superfine flour, $5.40 a $5.95; State extra, S6.10
$6.45 ; western shipping, $6 a §6.55 ; finer brands, S7
$10.25. No. 1 Chicago spring wheat, $1-55; No. 2 do
$1.48 a $1.50; red western, $1.63 a $1.64; whit,
Michigan, $1.82. Oats, 64J a 66 cts. Yellow corr't,
85 cts. ; white, 87 a 89 cts. Philadelphia. — Upland
and New Orleans cotton, 18} a 19 cts. for middling^
Superfine flour, $5.25 a $5.75 ; extras, $6 a $6.50
finer brands, $7 a $10.50. Western red wheat, $1.50 |
$1.65; Penna. $1.72; western white, $1.85; No.
spring, $1.50 ; No. 1, $1.55 a $1.60. Rye, 98 cts. Gal: .
60 a 65 cts. Yellow and white corn, 85 a 86 cts. Lart
11 a lU cts. Clover-seed, 9f a lOJ cts. .Sales of 220
beef cattle at 5 a 6 cts. per lb. gross for common, an
6| a 7.| cts. for fair to choice. Wooled sheep sold at 5 ,
a 9} cts. per lb. gross, and clipped, 5j a 7i cts. Abou
6000 hogs sold at $8.75 a $9 per 1 00 lb. net for corn fed
Baltimore. — Choice amber wheat, $1.78; Ohio and In
diana red, $1.55 a $1.57. Yellow corn, 84 cts. ; white
84 a 87 cts. Oats, 63 a 66 cts. Chicago. — No. 1 sprin:
wheat, $1.28 ; No. 2 do., $1.22i ; No. 3, §1.17. No. :
mixed corn, 62 cts. No. 2 oats, 47 cts. No. 2 rye, 91,,
cts. No. 2 spring barley, $1.40. Lard, $10.25 per 10(
lbs. St. Louis.— Fan wheat, $1.50 a $1.52; No. ;l
spring, $1.27. No. 2 oats, 52i cts. No. 2 corn, 67 cts'
Cincinnati. — Wheat, $1.45. Corn, 73 a 76cts. O.ats, 5(ij
a 58 cts. Rye, $1.08. Spring barley, $1.25 a $1.30||
Lard, 10| all cts. j,^
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE.
Near Frankford, (Twenty-third Ward,) Philadelphia.
Physician and Superintendent — Joshua H. Worth
INGTON, M. D. •
Applications for the Admission of Patients may bi
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Board o
Managers. !
Died, at his residence in West Chester, Pa., on the
27th of Third mo. 1874, Davis Reece, aged 72 years
The deceased was for about thirty-four years usefully
and acceptably engaged as teacher and governor in the
boys' department at Westtown Boarding School. In'
this position he maintained a remarkable degree oli
equanimity of temper, blending firmness with kindness,
and manifested such a consideration for the feelings ol
others, as to win the regard of both pupils and pre-
ceptors. He was favored with patience through a'
lingering decline, and his end was peace.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. ZLVII.
SEVENTH-DAY, FIFTH MONTH 23, 1874.
NO. 40.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
ice T(^^)ollars per annum, if paid in advance. Two
dollars and fifty cents, if not paid in advance.
Subscriptiooa and Payments receiTed by
JOHN S. STOKES,
IT NO. 116 NORTH FOOBTH STREET, UP STAIRS,
PHIIiADSLFHIA.
latage, when paid quarterly in advance, five cents.
^port to the Yearly 31eethig made by the Com-
mittee appointed by it in 1872, a7id continued
in 1873.
I.) the Yearly Meeting : — ■
|Tbe Committee coutinued at onr last Yearlj-
[eeting to visit the subordinate meetings,
ibmit the following rejiort : —
During the past year, the different divisions
: the Committee have been pretty steadily
;gnt;ed in visiting the Quarterly, Month!}-
id Particular Meetings; and in several places
le families of Friends, endeavoring with such
iility as has been mercifully afforded, to per-
[■m the duty committed to them, as set forth
i the minute of their appointment, viz.: "To
.■ito Friends to renewed diligence, to show
[■th in their lives and conversation, a con-
stent maintenance of all our Christian Uoc-
t lies and Testimonies, that so they raaj- be-
2me firmly established on our most holj- faith,
ad lie more fully united together in the fel-
I v-:!iip of the gospel." X
We have been made sensible, from time to
tno, of the merciful extension of Divine re-
§rd and help, and introduced into the feeling
c affectionate interest and Christian sym-
ithy with our members in the different meet-
ing, and in the varied circumstances in which
t3y are placed ; and we trust, that the labor
C love, has been productive of good to both
ts visitors and the visited.
We have been repeatedly brought under
Cise exercise, on account of the many defi-
c-ncies apparent, and the lukewarmness, or
siritual deadness, prevailing among many of
cr members ; so that in some places the Ian-
gage is applicable, "The ways of Zion do
Durn, because so few come to the solemn
fists:" "Her gates are desolate."
[t has, however, been felt to be a cause of
gititude, that low as the life of religion is in
flue places, there are those preserved, even
Mere weakness greatly prevails, who are
caply concerned for the salvation of their
CTi souls; are sensible of the weakness and
cpartures around them, and are, at times,
Cabled to labor and to pray acceptably for
ti removal of those things that obstruct the
i.urn of the purity and power which once
Citinguished our religious Society.
We are tenderly concerned for the encour-
sement of these, and for their growth and
^/ablishment on the immutable Kock and
i
foundation, Christ Jesus. It is only on such
shoulders, that a real concern for the welfare
of the church can rest; and it is among such
only, that we can look for rightly qualifiod
members to fill the various important stations
in the Society.
The spirit of the world, by its various de-
lusive presentations, has drawn many awaj'
from submission to the self-denying require-
ments of the gospel of Christ, and prompted
them to devote their time and their talents,
to pursuits which, however lawful in them-
selves, by almost wholly absorbing the atten-
tion, prevent the mind from duly heeding the
reproofs of instruction which are the way of
life, and from being brought under the crucify-
ing power of the cross, so as to lead them to
seek first the kingdom of God and His right-
eousness, trusting to the fulfilment of the
promise, that all things needful shall be added.
As this worldly spirit is allowed to prevail,
it disinclines to that introversion of mind and
retirement before the Lord, which are most
favorable to a sight of our true condition, and
to the experience of being engrafted into
Christ the living Vine, and to our growth in
Him.
When such, in whom the earthly mind pre-
dominates, assemble in our religious meetings,
thej' feel little or no inclination or qualifica-
tion to enter into that spiritual exercise neces-
sary, to offer the worship that is in spirit and
in truth. Thus it is that our meetings are
often dull and unrefreshing ; the spirits of
those who are concerned to labor for the aris-
ing of the well-spring of Divine life, being op-
pressed by others who pass the time, it is to
be feared, in listlessness and unconcern, and
iu some instances even in drowsiness.
In this state of mind, excuses are readilj-
found for omitting this solemn obligation, and
thus it is painfull}' observable, that in most
places there are numerous deficiencies in re-
gard to the attendance of our meetings for
Divine worship, as well as those for discipline.
We earnestly desire the attention of Friends
may be turned to this subject, and that those
who are negligent and careless, may be arous-
ed to consider the danger of continuing in the
course they are pursuing, and its probable
consequences to themselves and to their fami-
lies, thereby sustaining a loss for which no
amount of outward riches can compensate
them.
We have had to mourn over the tendency
evinced by many to under-estimate the value
and importance of the testimonies of the gos-
pel, which Friends are called to uphold before
the world; and the manners, habits, fashions
and customs of it, are so far adopted by them
that scarcely anything is left to indicate that
they are endeavoring to follow in the foot-
steps of the self-denying followers of Christ,
and thus the design of the Lord Almighty in
raising Friends up as witnesses to the purity
and the power of the religion of Jesus, is frus-
trated by them.
We have been brouglit under exercise by
the conviction, that man}' entrusted with tho
care and training of children, are not duly
impressed with the solemn iluty incumbent
upon them, to bring them up in the nurture
and admonition of tho Lord : to use parental
authority to restrain them from iiululgence
in their evil propensities, and by consistent
example and instruction in the truths of the
gospel, to prepare their hearts for the recep-
tion and growth of the incorruptible seed and
word of God. There is too much disposition
on the part of many, to allow the young to
act according to their own inclination, to in-
dulge their childish taste for finery and folly,
and thus parents incur the serious responsi-
bility of being instrumental in initiating their
offspring into the associations, modes of dress,
manners and ways of a vain world. We do
affectionately desire, that heads of families
and others having children under their control,
may be earnestly concerned to seek after a
qualification, rightly to estimate and faith-
fully to discharge the duties that rest upon
them, in the firmness, the meekness and wis-
dom of Him whose heritage children are, and
which He alone can supply.
We have been made sensible that it is a day
ofpeculiar trial and discouragement, especially
to the young and inexperienced. Many of
our dear young people, are often perplexed by
the many voices that are among us, and we
have been brought into near and tender sym-
pathy with them. There are not a few among
them who give evidence that their hearts
have been tendered and contrited by the love
of Christ their Saviour, raising in them an
attachment to His holy cause of truth and
righteousness, accompanied with the desire
tliat the true standard may continue to bo
upheld among us, and our right place in the
visible church be faithfully maintained; we
are, nevertheless, deeply impressed with the
belief, that in regard to many of this class,
there has been a stopping short, a holding
back, a shrinking from tliat full and entire
surrender of the heart to the Lord, and to tho
leading and government of His pure spirit,
whereby they would have been led to show
themselves more conspicuously to be the hum-
ble, dedicated followers of the Lamb. This
halting course admits concessions "to the man-
ners, lantruaso, maxims and customs of the
world, and is an effectual hindrance to their
growth in the Truth, and to their attainment
of that peace and Joy in the Holy Ghost which
we believe many of our beloved young friends
long for, and which is the blessed experience
of the true believer in, and faithful follower of
our Lord Jesus Christ. It is to this cause, in
great measure, must bo attributed the state of
our meetings in many places, and the with-
holding by the blessed Head of the Church,
of those spiritual gifts which He would dis-
pense for the edification ami strengthening of
its members.
It is of the utmost importance, that what-
314
THE FRIEND.
ever turning and overturning the Lord may
permit to come upon us, our young people, as
well as all others, should be settled in the be-
lief, that nothing is so essential for their pre-
sent and eternal welfare, as close attention to
the discoveries of the Light of Christ to their
souls, and unreserved obedience thereto. By
this they will be enabled to distinguish be-
tween the voice of the true Shepherd and the
voice of the stranger. The gate is strait and
the way is narrow, but it is the way of holi-
ness and peace. It is only In' offering unto
the Lord the undivided sacriflco of the heart
when He is pleased to call for it, that our
sons can ever become as "Plants grown up in
their youth, and our daughters as corner
stones, polished after the similitude of a
palace." When this becomes our happy and
favored condition, we shall again see judges
raised up as at the first, and counsellors as at
the beginning — and the Lord will comfort
Zion, and her waste places will be built up.
Unless the government of Christ as the
overliving Head of His church, is not only
acknowledged in word but practically wit-
nessed by our members, the will and the wis-
dom of man take the lead ; and thus the unity
of the spirit, which is the only bond of peace
in all the churches of Christ, cannot be main-
tained. In this state of things, persons may
be induced to appear in our meetings in the
way of ministry, without the accompanying
evidence of right preparation, and the recep-
tion of a gift for that weighty service. Un-
authorized ministry hurts meetings, and it is
a grief and burden to those who are measur-
ably qualified to try words as the mouth
tasteth meat. We are concerned to express
our desire, that a watchful care may be con-
tinued to guard against the increase of a spirit
which, under this prompting, at length runs
quite out — undervalues vital religious distinc-
tions, and abandons the testimonies of truth
in a creaturely zeal, not according to know-
ledge.
While attending the meetings of ministers
and elders, we have been made sensible of the
need of more fervent religious exercise and
humble dwelling with that invisible Power,
which alone can qualify for service in the
church. If this were attained to, it would
bring the members into more harmonious
labor for the honor of Truth, and lead into
more lively zeal and diligence in the religious
oversight of the flock; the language of the
apostle being brought to remembrance : " The
elders which ai'e among you I exhort, who
am also an elder, and a witness of the suffer-
ings of Christ, and also a partaker of the glory
that shall be revealed." " Feed the flock of
God which is among you, taking the oversight
thereof."
The discipline having been established in
Divine wisdom, as a hedge about the mem-
bers, to preserve from the inroads of evil, as
well as to promote Christian care one over
another for good, it requires a measure of the
same wisdom rightly to engage in its admin-
istration. Within the limits of all the Quar-
terly Meetings, there are those preserved con-
sistent in life and conversation, who are con-
cerned for the spiritual welfare of their fellow
members, and to support the discipline and
order of the Society. We feel constrained,
however, J-o acknowledge, that there are meet-
ings wherein, Irorn several causes, the discip
line does not seem to be carried out with that
promptness and impartiality, which are need-
ful to maintain the precious cause of truth,
and to promote the welfare of the body.
While the mere natural wisdom and will of
man have no place in the church of Christ,
we would tenderly encourage the rightly con-
cerned in our Meetings for Discipline, who
may be entrusted with a sentiment on the
business before such meetings, to be simple,
honest and faithful in giving expression to it
in the fear of the Lord, and in the obedience
of faith in Him, yielding themselves up to the
service that may be recjuired at their hands.
This is the way that the talent committed is
to be used and occupied with, and it is the
way to peace and enlargement — being faithful
in a little, we shall be made rulers over more.
Our Yearly Meeting in 1795, declared its
judgment in the following minute of advice :
" We are concerned that the management of
our Christian discipline, be not committed to
hands unclean, particularly of such who allow
undue liberties in their own children and fami-
lies. 'If a man,' said the apostle, 'know not
how to rule his own house, how shall he take
care of the church of God.'" It has been a
cause of sorrow to observe, that in some meet-
ings, those are occasionally appointed to sta-
tions or employed in services, who make no
appearance of being Friends, and whose man-
ner of life is not in accordance with our dis-
tinguishing doctrines and testimonies. Herein
the precious cause we are called to uphold and
promote must suffer.
We apprehend advantage might arise if
Quarterly Meetings would, from time to time,
take into solid consideration the condition of
their subordinate branches, and where from
reduced numbers in some cases, or other
causes in others, meetings appear to need
help or care, separate a few Friends for the
service, who may be incorporated with such
meetings, or otherwise as might appear best
at the time, that thus the hands of faithful
Friends may be strengthened and the cause of
truth upheld. If upon solid consideration in
such cases. Quarterly Meetings should deem it
desirable to have the aid of the Yearly Meet-
ing, they should be encouraged to make ap-
plication for that purpose.
The practice of the frequent reading of the
Holy Scriptures, we trust is general among
our members. The gathering of our children
together, and reverently waiting upon the
Lord for the renewal of our spiritual strength,
is attended with a blessing. The seasoning
virtue and sense of the Divine presence, is
often vouchsafed at such times to be the help
and encouragement of the humble follower of
Christ. We would tenderly commend this
subject to the attention of our dear Friends,
especially to those who may be negligent of
this duty.
In thus reviewing the state of our beloved
Society, and in alluding to some of the weak-
nesses and inconsistencies apparent within our
borders, it is far from our design to produce
discouragement, but rather to incite our mem-
bers in every part of the Yearly Meeting to
increased zeal and diligence iu the faithful dis-
cbarge of their religious duties, in the love
and in the fear of God. We fervently desire
the encouragement of the humble, watchful
traveller towards Zion, — the city of the great
King — however obscure their situation may
be, and hidden from the sight of mortals, as
they keep close to the Captain of their souls'
salvation, " their place of defence shall be the
munitions of Rocks, bread shall be given them;
their water shall be sure." We rejoice alsou
the belief that a renewed and gracious visita r
tion hath been extended to many of our be'!
loved youth. In these evidences of the coni .
tinned extension of Divine regard to us as i'
people, may we be enabled to thank God andr
take fresh courage, and be animated still t('
contend earnestly for the faith, which wa
once delivered to the saints. The Lamb an(|
His followers shall have the victory.
The Committee suggest that they be no\'|
released. [
Signed on behalf of the Committee :
Sarah A. Richie,
Elizabeth Allen,
Phebe W. Roberts,
Elizabeth C. Scattergood,
Jane Gibbons,
Abigail W. Hall,
Hannah F. Wood,
Susan Evans,
Lydia W. Sheppard,
Charles Evans,
William Kite,
John B. Balderston,
John Benington,
Ebenezer Worth,
Morris Cope,
Henry Wood,
David Roberts,
Clarkson Sheppard.
Philadelphia, 4th mo. 17th, 1874.
«
For " The Friend."
The Heart of Africa, by Dr. Sehweinfurth. t]
(Continued from page 307.) [f
"Very few are the people of Central Afric:|
amongst whom the partialitj' for finery an '
ornaments is so strongly shown as with tW-
Bongo. The women wear on their necks ay
accumulation of cords and beads, and not bein '.^
fastidious like their neighbors, will put oW
without regard to shape or color, whatevfP'
the market of Cartoom can provide. Th'''
men do not care much for this particular deccl
ration, but prefer necklaces, on which their;
string some of those remarkable little fraA '
mants of wood which are so constantly founr
in every region of Africa. With the bits <r
wood hang fragments of roots, which are if'
form something like the mandrake, which i9'
Southern Europe, has been the subject of s'y
strange a superstition. Alternating with thr
roots and wood are the talons of owls an| '
eagles, the teeth of dogs, crocodiles, and jack!'
als, little tortoise-shells, the claws of the eartri"'
pig (Orycterpus), and in short any of thosfv
objects which we are accustomed to store W
the cabinets which adorn our salons. Thef'
appear to supply the place of the extraclf''
from the Koran which, wrapped in leathQ''
sheathes, the Nubians wear by dozens abou'j''
their person; anything in the shape of a'"
amulet being eagerly craved by every Africatf
" The Bongo women delight in distinguislr
ing themselves by an adornment which t"
our notions is nothing less than a hideoirj'
mutilation. As soon as a woman is marrie!-\
the operation commences of extending hej
lower lip. This, at first only slightly bored ';
is widened by inserting into the orifice plug'^
of wood gratlually increasing in size, until :
length the entire feature is enlarged to five c
six times its original proportions. The plug|i-'
are cylindrical in form, not less than an incjp;
thick, and are exactly like the pegs of bon^^'
or wood worn by the women of Musgoo. B'j_'
this means the lower lip is extended horizoi'i"
tally till it projects far beyond the uppe:' '^
which is also bored and fitted with a coppe! *
plate or nail, and now and then by a litti; ,■■
ring, and sometimes by a bit of straw abouil;
as thick as a lucifer match. Nor do the' •
leave the nose intact : similar bits of strav
are inserted into the edges of the nostrils, an
I have seen as many as three of these on eithe '
side. A very favorite ornament for the cart
lage between the nostrils is a copper rin^^
THE FRIEND.
315
st like those that are phiced in the noses ot
iffaloes and other beasts of iiurden for the
'ir])ose of rendering; them more tractable,
he greatest coquettes amoni;- the ladies -wear
clasp or clamp at the corners of the mouth,
I thout;h thej^ wanted to contract the orifice,
1(1 literallj- to put a curb upon its capabili-
es. These subsidiary ornaments are not
owcver found at all universally among the
omen, and it is rare to see them all at once
pon a single individual : the plug in the
i\vrr lip of the married women is alone a
«(' ijua non, serving as it does for au artifi-
al distinction of race. According to the
istdin of the people, there need only be a
itiing projection of the skin so as to form a
ip or a fold, to bo at once the excuse for
jring a hole. The ears are perforated more
lan any part, both the outer and the inner
jricle being profusely pierced ; the tip of
le ear alone is frequently made to carry half
dozen little iron ring-". There are women
1 the country whose bodies are pierced in
)me way or other in little short of a hundred
"ifferent places.
•• Besides the ornaments that I have men-
oned, the toilet of a Bongo lady is incom-
lete without the masses of iron and copper
ngs which she is accustomed to wear on her
Tists and arms, and more especially ou her
Qkles. These rings clank like fetters as she
■alks, and even from a distance the two sexes
in be distinguished by the character of the
)nnd that accompanies their movements.
'hat human patience should ever for the sake
r fashion submit to a still greater martyrdom
3em8 almost incredible, though hereafter we
lall have sufficient jiroof when we delineate
le habits of the Mittoo, the neighbors of the
ongo, that such is really the case."
Among the Mittoo, to whom reference is
ere made, it is customary, among the do-
Otees of fashion, to insert in the upper lip
round plate of quartz, ivory or horn, which
xtends it perhaps three-fourths of an inch
eyond its natural size ; and to bore the lower
p and pierce it with a cone of quartz about
ve-eighths of an inch in diameter, and two
ad a half inches long. Strange as such de-
ices may seem, thej- are b}' no means incredi-
le. One who calmly reflects upon the lengths
) which many of the women of civilized com-
innities will follow the dictates of fashion,
'ould expect to see them adorn themselves
dth nose and lip jewels, if such should ever
ecome the custom in the circles in which
ley move.
" The Bongo games are simple in their charac-
jr. One of these games, as forming excellent
raining for the chase, deserves some especial
otice. A number of men are provided with
ointed sticks made of hard wood, which they
■ se as lances. They form a large ring, and
nother man who has a piece of soft wood at-
iched to a long string, runs round and routid
•ithin the circle. The others then endeavor
.•ith their pointed sticks to hit the mark
•hilst it is being carried rapidly round. As
3on as it is struck it falls to the ground, and
le successful marksman is greeted with a
)ud cheer. Another game rec^uires no less
almness and dexterity. A piece of wood
ent into a crescent has a short string at-
iched to the middle; this wood is then hurled
y the one end of it with such violence to the
arth that it goes spinning like a boomerang
trough the air. The players stand face to
ICO at a distance of about twenty feet apart,
and the game consists in catching the wood
by the string, a performance that requires no
little skill, as there is considerable danger ol
receiving a sharji knock.
"Elsewhere, and among other nations with
whom I became acquainted, the number of a
man's wives was dependent on the extent of
his possessions, but amongst the Bongo it
seemed to be limited to the maximum of three.
Here, as in Africa, a wife cannot bo obtained
for nothing, even the vcrj' poorest must pay
a purchase price to the father of the bride in
the form of a number of plates of iron ; un
less a man could provide the premium, he
could only get an old woman for a wife. The
usual price paid for a young girl would be
about ten plates of iron weighing two pounds
each, and twenty lance tips. Divorces, when
necessary, are regulated in the usual way,
and the father is always compelled to make a
restitution of at least a portion of the wedding-
payment.
"In the disposal of their dead, the custom of
the Bongo is very remarkable. Immediately
afterlife is extinct, the corpses are* placed,
like the Peruvian mummies, in what maj' be
described as a crouching posture, with the
knees forced up to the chin, and are then
firmly bound round the head and legs. When
the bodj' has been thus compressed into the
smallest possible compass, it is sewn into a
sack made of skins, and placed in a deep grave.
A shaft is sunk perpendicularly down for
about four feet, and then a niche is hollowed
to the side, so that the sack containing the
corpse should not have to sustain an}- vertical
pressure from the earth which is thrown in
to fill up the grave.
"A genuine and downright belief in witches
has long been and still continues as deepl}'
seated here as in any spot upon the face of
the earth, and nowhere are prosecutions more
continually being instituted against them.
As matter of fact, 1 can affirm that really aged
folks among the Bongo are comparatively
scarce, and that the number of grej'-headed
people is, by contrast, surprisinglj- large
amongst the neighboring race of Dj'oor, who
put no faith at all with any witchcraft. The
Nubians are not only open to superstitions
of their own, but confirm the Bongo in theirs.
In the Eastern Soudan, which is a Moham-
medan country, the conversation will con-
stantly turn upon the ' Sahara,' (i. e., the
witches), and no comparison is more frequent
than that which likens the old women to
hyanas : in fact, many of the people hold
hard and fast to the conviction that the
witches are capable of going out at night, and
taking up their quarters inside the bodies of
these detestable brutes, without any one being
aware of what is happening. It chanced,
during my stay in Gallabat, that I killed one
out of a herd of hya'nas, that was infesting
the district ; mj' fate, in consequence, was to
be loaded with reproaches on the part of the
Sheikh, who informed me that his mother
was a ' hyrona woman,' and that I might, for
all I could tell, have shot her. After this I
was not so surprised as might be expected
when Idrees, the governor of Ghattas's Seriba,
boasted in my presence of his conflicts with
witches, bragging that in one day ho had had
half a dozen of them executed. An occasion
shortlj- afterwards arose, when Idrees was
contemplating putting two old women to
death at the desire of some Bongo, and the
only scheme I could deviso to make him de
sist from his purpose, was by threatening him.
that, in the event of the woman being ex-
ecuted, I would poison his water-springs."
For some months our author remained at
the Seribas, busily engaged in collecting and
preserving the botanical curiosities of the
surrounding country. These when made into
packages of convenient size were sewn up
in hides, coated on the outside with the
milky juice of some plants which hardened
into a varnish, and forwarded to Europe as
opportunit}' oft'ered. He then joined the parly
of Aboo Samniat on a long excursion to the
South among the Niam-niani country, and
through their territory to the Monbuttoo, who
live south of the head waters of the Nile, the
streams in their district flow westward into
the central portion of Africa.
Dr. Schweinfurth makes frequent reference
to the miser}- and decay caused by the oppres-
sion of the Egyptian traders; an effect which
he says is found wherever the Mahominedan
religion penetrates in Africa. The slave-trade
accompanies all their movements, though, in
the case of the ivory merchants, it is rather
an incidental than a prominent object. The
Egyptian government, he thinks, will never
be able to eradicate it, unless they first take
possession of Dartbor, the great nucleus of
the Central Africa slave-trade. The follow-
ing passage from his book shows his feelings
for the natives.
"Every mouthful of food that I swallowed
in this unhappy country was a reproach to the
conscience, but the voice of hunger drowned
every higher emotion ; even the bread that
we ate had been forced from the ver}* poorest
in the season of their harvest, when their joy,
such as it was, was at its height; they ])ro-
bably had neither cow nor goat, and their
little children were in peril of dying of starva-
tion and onlj- dragged out a miserable exist-
ence by scraping up roots. The meat, in the
abundance of which we wei'e revelling, had
been stolen from poor savages, who pay al-
most a divine homage to their beasts, and
who answer with their blood for the stubborn-
ness with which the}' defend their cows,
which they hold dearer than wife or child."
For "The Friend."
Hints Touching the Domestic, Social, and Religions
Relations of a Wife and Mother, and the Dnty of
Resignation under Trials ; from a Memoir of
Deborah Backhouse.
"A cough which Deborah Backhouse had
had from the latter part of 1825, continued so
as to confine hor to the house during part of
the following winter ; but she was in so im-
proved a state of health, as to get to meetings
in the spring of 1827; and her communica-
tions in the ministry were, at this time, more
frequent than had generally been the case at
any former period.
The great delicacy of her health necessarily
secluded her much from the society of her
friends; but seldom entirely prevented her
attending to the state of her own family. She
was a very affectionate wife and parent, and
was exemplary in the management of her
children ; in whom she was careful to sup-
press, from the earliest period, the appear-
ances of self-will. She was of the judgment,
that as soon as children could understand,
they should be taught to distinguish between
right and wrong ; by having their attention
directed, in a familiar way, to the operation
of the Spirit of their lleavenly Father in
316
THE FRIEND.
themselves ; as causing them to feel comfort-
able when they do right, and uncomfortable
■when they do wrong ; and this she frequently
endeavored to impress upon the mind of her
daughter, who was but about four j'cars of
age."
Wo have been ready to query sometimes
when dwelling upon the state of our Society,
in view especially of some of our younger
members, whether parents have been suffi-
ciently watchful and faithful in the great duty
alluded to by D. B. in the foregoing para-
gragh ? Whether the merchandise, the farm,
or the many other relative and social, and
very lawful duties when kept in their proper
place, had not too oft so abstracted or too ex-
clusively engaged the mind, that this very im-
perative and fearfully accountable one had not
been much overlooked!
The influence of parents, and particularly
mothers, over the precious olive plants com-
mitted to them is very great. And in propor-
tion to this influence, whether for good or for
evil, will be their reward or solemn account-
ability in that day for which all other days
were made. If engaged conscientiously to
train them up in the Lord's fear and admoni-
tion, no less by consistent, exemplary walk-
ing in His fear themselves, than by godly
precept coupled with holy restraint, and all
being backed by the heart's earnest, breath-
ing petition to the God of knowledge for their
preservation, then may they confidingly hope
that He will bless their efforts ; will hear and
accept their praj^ers even as incense, and the
lifting up of their hands as the evening sacri-
fice.
Parents herein may, in some cases, have to
labor long; to toil on and on and on without
the encouragement of much fruit ; yea, even
sometimes to sow in tears. But the Lord,
whose eye is on the heart, seeth all. It is
written, " Behold we count them happy which
endure:" And, "The husbandman waiteth
for the precious fruit of the earth, and hath
long patience for it, until he receive the early
and the hitter rain." As the faith of these
religiously concerned parents fails not, and
the sincere, earnest application of their souls
is, through the help of the Holy Spirit, unto
Him who hath all power in heaven and in
earth, He will, in His own time, either give
them the desire of their hearts in seeing their
dear children preserved steadfast in His new
covenant law, or else He will strengthen with
strength in their souls, and proclaim a bless-
ing, in that they have done what they could.
But oh ! that these, in view of the awful retri-
bution, may be aroused to inwardness, watch-
fulness, and prayer ; that feeling the unspeak-
able value of their own immortal souls in the
sight of Him who died to save them, as well
as that of those to so large an extent entrust-
ed to their keeping, they may availingly ask
counsel of Him who "giveih liberally and up-
braideth not," that so, from generation to
generation the hearts of the parents may be
turned to the children, and the hearts of the
children to the parents, to the praise and glory
when yielded to, of the Redeemer's all-suffi-
cient, all-saving, invincible grace.
"Deborah Backhouse was industrious and
orderly in the management of her household
affairs; kind in her manners to her servants ;
but preserved, with firmness, a proper au-
thority over them, and endeavored to promote
their spiritual as well as temporal welfare.
her servants to be careful to waste nothing
that might be useful to them. She retired to
rest as well as rose early: often saying, she
had observed things thrown much out of pro
per order, and much time lost, by the heads
of families sitting up to an unseasonable hour
and rising late.
She was diligent in reading the Holy Scrip
tures ; and careful to have them read daily
in the presence of her family and servants.
About this time she was brought into a
very trying baptism of spirit, under a sense
of the withdrawing of the supporting influ
ence of Him, whom her soul loved ; and with
out whose help, she felt it to be impossible to
be resigned to a separation from the nearest
ties of life; which she apprehended might be
fast approaching. She sometimes remarked,
that she felt as if she could give up to any
thing rather than to die. In this state she
patiently waited upon the Lord for strength
to bow to His holy will ; and He was pleased,
after permitting this season of deep proving,
to enable her cheerfully to adopt the language :
'Not as.I will, but as'Thou wilt.'
From about the middle of the Eleventh
month, her strength declined more rapidly;
an<l toward the latter part of it, she gave up
being carried down stairs; having been for
some time unable to walk down. For several
succeeding days she was brought into the
drawing room, and laid upon the sofa; but
her weakness increasing, she became unequal
to this exertion ; and on the first of the
Twelfth month remained in bed, expressing
her apprehension that she should not have
her clothes on again ; which proved to be the
case."
CTo be continued.)
The Strength of Materials. — Gold may be
hammered so that it is only 1,360,000 of an
inch thick. A grain of iron may be divided
into 4,000,000 parts. Still chemistry tells us
that there are ultimate parts called atoms or
molecules, which are absolutely invisible.
These atoms are attracted to each other b}'
the attraction of cohesion, and repelled b}' the
force of repulsion. By the action of both
these forces the atoms are kept in a state of
pact. The solidity of a solid depends upon
the fact that each pair of atoms are in this
state of equilibrium. These atoms are sup-
posed to be of an oblate spheroidal form. An
iron bar would support its own weight if
stretched out to a length of 3i miles. A bar
of steel was once made which would sustain
its weight if extended to a length of 13J
miles.
Our ideas of great and small are no guide
to be used in judging of what is truly great
and small in nature. The Bunker Hill Monu-
ment might be built over a mile in height
without crushing the stones at its base. When
bars of iron are stretched until the}- break,
those which are the strongest increase in
length less than the weaker ones. A piece of
wood, having a breadth and thickness of three
inches, and a length of four feet, if supported
at its ends, would bo bent one millionth of an
inch by a weight of three pounds placed at its
centre, and a weight of one-tenth of an ounce
would bend it one seven-millionth of an inch.
Professor Norton described a machine for test-
ing the variations of sticks of wood. Tho
machine consists of levers and screws so con-
trived that the amount of weight brought to
She felt much for tho poor; and encouraged 'bear upon tho stick can bo accurately mea-
sured,, and the variation of the stick from
straight line can be measured, even though i
does not exceed one seven-millionth of a
inch. — Late Paper. \
^ ■
Selected.
" REJOICE IN THE LORD ALWAYS."
Their brows ehould wear a holy light,
Who front the heavens serenely bright;
And gladness should their steps attend
Who walk with God as with a friend.
For every footfall of their way
But brings them nearer to the day
That knows no night, and to the joy
Nor grief can mar, nor sin alloy.
Fixed in the path that He hath trod,
Their lives are hid with Christ in God,
And dwell secure from every harm,
Encircled by the Father's arm.
Behind the cloud, above the storm,
His sunlight lingers soft and warm ;
And even through midnight's gloomiest pall
Some beams of mercy gently fall.
However dark the frown of fate,
God will His promise vindicate.
And in His own good time and way,
Bring in the full and perfect day —
In whose glad light shall disappear
All that perplexed and troubled here,
And show the weary path they trod.
As the one path whose end is — God !
TROUBLE.
Selected,
Trouble, dear friend, I know her not. God sent
His angel Sorrow, on my heart to lay
Her hand in benediction, and to say,
Restore, O child, that which the Father lent
(For He doth now recall it) long ago.
His blessed angel Sorrow, she has walked
For years beside me, and we two have talked
As chosen friends together. Thus I know
Trouble and sorrow are not near of kin.
Trouble distrusteth God, and even wears
Upon her brow the seal of many cares ;
But sorrow oft has deepest peace within,
She sits with Patience in perpetual calm,
Waiting till Heaven shall send her healing balm.
• •
For "The Friend.'
Reflections upon Philadelphia Yearly Meeting.
tContinned from page 308.) |
During the exercises of the Yearly Meeting
recently held, as well as on the similar occa
sion last year, there was exhibited on the pari;
of one or two of our members, a desi re to drawi
a distinction between simplicity of dress in th(
abstract, and any peculiar form of dress which
would distinguish our members from othei
people. The propriety of the former was ac-i
knowledged, while objection was made to the;
enforcement of the latter; and it was assertedi
that in tho early days of the Society no suchi
outward mark existed.
There is no reasonable doubt, that at the
rise of our Society, its members dressed aE
sober-minded people of that time did. But
tho tendency, which exists so strongly in
many minds, to follow the changes which!
fashion introduces, without any consideration
of increased comfort or utilitj', was very earlyJ
condemned by them, as being evil in its origin^
and in its effects. Hence but a short timel
elapsed, before they became a peculiar people;
in dress, not because they had adopted anyii
special form, but because they felt restrained;
from imitating the continual changes of thosej
about them. A rigid uniformity never has
existed, even among plain people, nor is it
desirable — but from that time to the present,
consistent members of our Society have been
known by their clothing and language, andi
it is desirable they should.
THE FRIEND.
517
The proof of these positions is abundantly
srattered through the writings of the Society.
As early as 1654, only seven j-ears after he
eiiiiimeneed his public labors as a minister ol
the gospel, (ieorge Fox cautioned Friends
about their apparel, and in an epistle issued
in 1G57, he uses this language, "All Friends,
keep out of the vain fashions of the world in
your apparel, and run not after every new
fashion which the world inventeth and setteth
up. Keep in yonr plain fashion, that j-e may
Judge the world's vanity and spirit, in its vain
fashions, and show a constant spirit in the
truth and plainness."
Samuel Bovvnas, who was horn in 1676,
mentions in his Journal, that he was " brought
up in plaimiess of both halnt and .speech." In
his account of ajourney into Ireland, he says:
" In some places I was led to show that it was
needful to bo good examples in plainness of
speech, as well as apparel, which many had
deviated from ; but nevertheless such there
■were, who, though plain and otherwise strict,
were too much taken up by the world and the
riches of it, making haste to increase their
substance, which was a very great hindrance
to their growth in the life of religion."
John Banks, one of the early ministers of
the Society, of whom some notice appeared
in " The Friend" a few weeks since ; gave
forth a paper against worldly customs, fash-
ions, &c., in which this passage occurs : "The
practice of those who truly fear the Lord, is
to be pAain and decent in their apparel, not
given to change, as they of the world are, nor
to wear anything but what becomes the truth,
and may tend to adorn the Gospel of our Lord
Jesus Christ." And in confirmation of his
concern, he quotes from an epistle of Thomas
Ellwood, who saj'S : '-It hath come to pass
that there is scarce a new fashion comes up,
or a. fantastic cut invented, but some one or
other who professes truth, is ready with the
foremost to run into it. Ah! Friends, the
world sees this and smiles, and points the
tiiiger at it; and this is both a hurt to the
particular, and a reproach to the Society in
general."
William Edmundson, on his death bed, ex-
jirtssed his concern on account of the pride
that some of the young people were gone into,
'tar wide from the humility and plainness
that truth led Friends into in the beginning."
James Gough mentions that when he went
into Ireland, about the j'ear 1737, there were
.still living, " some of the good old stock, both
ministers and elders, who loved God and man-
kind." "Their pious care was like a lence
about the flock, which kept them together in
nearer unity and greater safety, so that the
young people in most parts were generally
trained up in innocence of manners, and in
plainness of habit and speech." lie then la-
inents the degeneracy which followed, one of
the marks of which was, that many " run
back and draw others with them into the
vanities of the times, into a conformity with
the world both in dress and address."
The language of that worthj' elder, Joseph
Pike, is peculiarly explicit and strong, " I bear
my testimonj', that the adorning of the body
with fine apparel and fashionable cuts, as well
as superfluity in household furniture, is utterly
inconsistent with that plainness which the
holy Truth leads into. It led our ancients out
of such things, and to testify against them."
He says in another place, that the people
"followed one another's example, until at
length they came to such fashionable colors
and patterns, that, when I was in some parts
of England, I could not know by their habit,
some women who were called Friends from
those who were not. And with sorrow 1 speak
the same also of some men Friends."
The following passage from his Journal,
states the objections madp to the godly con-
cern of the living members of that day, in
language, which strongly reminds of the ex-
pressions we have heard used among us of
latter times. Would that all, who have in any
degree been misled by such specious reason-
ings, should deeply ponder the remarks of
this wise elder.
"Though there is a form of godliness with-
out the power, j-et the power of Truth leads
into a godly form and order in outward things;
and this is abundantly proved from the Holy
Scriptures, and among the rest, even in out-
ward clothing. Thus, did true religion in the
heart lead our first elders and fathers in the
church, out of the fashions, customs, finer}',
and su])erfluity of apparel, and furniture, and
to testify against it, as not proceeding from
the Spirit of Truth, but from the vain, unset-
tled spirit of this world, as it most certainly
does. But some cavillers have thus arguecl,
' Where is the standard of plainness and sim
plicitj' in apparel, furniture, &c., by which we
are to square ourselves, or who are the proper
Judges to whom we should submit ourselves ?
How many buttons are we to wear, more or
less, on our coats; what exact fashion in length
and breadth are the parts of our clothes to be
of; how high are our hats to be, or how broad
the brims? And do not you, who press upon
us this great plainness, diflTer among j-our-
selves in your practice? And are not some
things you wear, when strictly examined, not
needful? After all, we are each best Judges
for ourselves ; we will see for ourselves, and
do as we list, and not be imposed upon by
j'our injunctions.' These were the arguments
used, to my certain knowledge, by the old
separatists, who in these and various other
respects strongly pleaded for what they called
their Christian liberty; but at last they dwin-
dled away, and came to nothing. And some
from the very same spirit use the same lan-
guage now.
"As to the standard and judge they demand,
I answer, the Spirit of Truth is sufficient to
guide in these and all other things. Thus the
apostles from the Spirit of Truth advised the
believers not to be conformed to this world,
not to fashion themselves according to their
former lusts, not to adorn themselves with
outward adorning, costly array, &c. And
thus the same Spirit led our first elders and
worthies to keep to plainness, and to testify
against running into and following after the
customs, fashions, and finery of this world.
As to that frivolous objection, that plain
Friends do not all go exactly alike in these
respects, they never desired nor pressed a
precise conformity in every trivial thing, pro-
vided there was a care and tenderness pre-
served to keep from edging towards, or copy-
ing vain and foolish fashions ; and if the
objectors diftered only from plainness, so far
as plain Friends differ from each other, and
kept within the bounds of true moderation,
no fault would be found with them. With
regard to the question, Who shall Judge or
decide such things? Certainly not those who
gratify a high, vain spirit, in using such things
as grieve faithful Friends, and who have them-
selves known but little of the work of Truth
upon their hearts. The most proper outward
judges in those things are rather such as arc
spiritual men, whose eyes are single to the
Lord, and whose bodies, as saith Christ, are
full of light ; these, as the apostle writes. Judge
all things, but themselves are Judged of no
man, that is, of no carnal man. Such are good
examples to the flock of (iod,and having noth-
ingin view but his honor and the gootl of souls,
may be safely followed, and we are bound to
submit ourselves to them. As to these objectors
not seeing evil in these things, or being con-
vinced of this or that, it ma}- be said of them,
•They seeing, see not, neither do tliej- under-
stand ;' and it will be long ere the}-, while tliey
continue in this state and spirit, can rightly
see the things that belong to their peace and
safety and growth ; and it is pre]josterou8 in
them to pretend matter of conscience to wear
and use gay clothing," Sic.
For "Thr. Frwud."
Sufferings of a Lo.st Man.
In the "Wonders of the Yellow Stone," a
book published in New York last year, the
following description is given of the region
which Congress has set apart as a National
Park, with the intention that it shall be with-
held from ordinary settlement and preserved
permanently as public property.
In the northwest corner of the Territory of
Wyoming, about half way between the Mis-
sissi])pi Kiver and the Pacific Ocean, and in
the latitude of Northern New York, the grand
Rocky Mountain system culminates in a knot
of peaks and ranges enclosing the most re-
markable lake basin in the world. From this
point radiate the chief mountain ranges, and
three of the longest rivers of the continent —
the Missouri, the Columbia, and the Colorado.
On the south are the Wind Iliver Moun-
tains, a snow-clad barrier which no white man
has ever crossed. On the east is the Snowy
Mountain Kange, and the cluster of volcanic
peaks between it and Yellowstone Lake. On
the west is the main divide of the I'ocky
Mountains. On the north are the bold peaks
of the Gallatin Pange, and the parallel ridges
which give a northward direction to all the
great tributaries of the Missouri from this
region.
Set like a gem in the centre of this snow-
rimmed crown of the continent, is the loveliest
body of fresh water on the globe, its dark-
blue surface at an elevation greater than that
of the highest clouds that fleck the azure sky
of a summer's day, over the tops of the loftiest
mountains of the East. Its waters teem with
trout, and the primeval forests that cover the
surrounding country are crowded with game.
But these are the least of its attractions. It
is the wildness and grandeur of the enclosing
mountain scenery, and still more the curious,
beautiful, wonderful and stupendous natural
phenomena which characterize the region,
that have raised it to sudden fame, and caused
it to be set apart by our national government
as a grand national museum, free to all men
for all time.
Evidences of ancient volcanic action are so
abundant and striking throughout the lake
basin that it has been looked ujion as the re-
mains of a mammoth crater, forty miles across.
It seems, however, to have been rather the
focus of a multitude of craters. " It is pro-
bable," says the United States geologist. Dr.
Ilayden, with his usual caution, "that during
318
THE FRIEND.
the Pliocene period the entire country drained
by the sources of the Yellowstone and the
Columbia, was the scene of volcanic activity
as great as that of any portion of the globe.
It might bo called one vast crater, made up
of a thousand smaller volcanic vents and fis-
sures, out of which the fluid interior of the
earth, fragments of rock and volcanic dust
were poured in unlimited quantities. Hun-
dreds of the nuclei or cones of these volcanic
vents are now remaining, some of them rising
to a height of 10,000 to" 11,000 feet above the
sea. Mounts Doane, Longford, Stevenson,
and more than a hundred other peaks, may
be seen from any high point on either side of
the basin, each of which formed a centre of
effusion."
All that is left of the terrific forces which
threw up these lofty mountains and elevated
the entire region to its present altitude, now
finds issue in occasional earthquake shocks,
and in the innumerable hot springs and gey-
sers which form so remarkable a feature of
the National Park.
The first knowledge of the marvels of this
region was made generally known by an ex-
pedition organized in the summer of ISTO, by
some of the officials and leading citizens of
Montana. This company, led by General
Washburn, the Surveyor-General of the Ter-
ritory, h-ft Fort Ellis toward the latter part
of the Eighth month, and entered the valley
of Yellowstone Eiver on the 23d. During the
next thirty days they explored the caiions of
the Yellowstone, and the shores of Yellow-
stone Lake; then crossing the mountain, to
the head waters of the Madison, they visited
the geyser region of Firehole River, and as-
cended that stream to its junction with the
Madison, along whose valley thej' returned to
Montana. Though their route laj' through a
terrible wilderness, and most of the party
were but amateur explorers, only one, an in-
habitant of Helena, Montana, named Everts,
met with a serious mishap. He became sepa-
rated from his company, was lost and bewil-
dered in the mountain wilderness, and during
thirty-seven days endured perils and suffer-
ings such as very rarely fall to the lot of any
one.
Everts says : " On the day that I found my-
self separated from the companj-, and for
several days previous, our course had been im-
peded by the dense growth of pine forest, and
occasional large tracts of fallen timber, fre-
quently rendering our progress almost impos-
sible. Whenever we came to one of these
great windfalls, each man engaged in the pur-
suit of a passage through it, and it was while
thus employed, and with the belief that I had
found one, that I strayed out of sight and
hearing of mj' comrades. We had had a toil-
some day. It was quite late in the afternoon.
As separations like these had frequently oc-
curred, it gave me no alarm, and I rode on,
fully confident of soon rejoining the company,
or of finding their camp. I came up with the
pack-horse, which ilr. Langford afterwards
recovered, and tried to drive him along. But
failing to do so, and mj" eye-sight being de-
fective, I spurred forward, intending to return
with assistance from the party. This incident
tended to accelerate mj' speed. I rode on in
the direction which I supposed had been taken
until darkness overtook mo in the dense forest.
This was disagreeable enough, but caused me
no alarm. I had no doubt of being with the
party at breakfast the next morning. I se-
lected a spot for comfortable repose, picketed
my horse, built a fire and went to sleep.
The next morning I rose at early dawn,
saddled and mounted my horse, and took my
course in the supposed direction of the camp.
Our ride of the previous day had been up a
peninsula jutting into the lake, for the shore
of which I started with the expectation of
finding my friends camped on the beach. The
forest was quite dark, and the trees so close,
that it was only by a slow process that I could
get through them at all. In searching for the
trail I became somewhat confused. The fall-
ing foliage of the pines had obliterated every
trace of travel. I was obliged frequently to
dismount, and examine the ground for the
faintest indications. Coming to an opening
from which I could see several vistas, I dis-
mounted for the purpose of selecting one lead-
ing in the direction I had chosen, and leaving
my horse unhitched, as had always been my
custom, walked a few rods into the forest.
While surveying the ground my horse took
fright, and I turned around in time to see him
disappearing at full speed among the trees.
This was the last I ever saw of him. My
blankets, gun, pistols, fishing tackle, matches
— every thing except the clothing on my per-
son, a couple of knives and a small opera-glass,
were attached to the saddle.
CTo be continued.)
For "Tlie Friend."
A Word by the Way.
The gradual and increasing tendencj^ which,
for a number of years past, has been apparent,
particularly amongst the young and middle-
aged of ourSocietj'.to pattern after the fashions
and customs of the world in various respects,
has, no doubt, been productive of sadness and
mourning to the rightly exercised, wheresoever
scattered throughout the different parts of the
heritage known by the name of "Friends."
Have not these ofttimesgone heavily on their
way, feeling as pilgrims in a "strange land;"
and while their " harps hanged upon the wil-
lows," have even " wept when they remem-
bered Zion," a fold of simplicity, as in former
days. May the prayers of such be, as "of the
righteous which availeth much;" for surely
there is yet " balm in Gilead," and is there
not a "Ph3'sician there," who is ever able and
willing to " heal the backslidings of Israel"
as of old, if rightly applied to? And is there
not the same necessity that the follies of the
times should be testified against, and that
ability should be diligently sought for to do
so, as in the days of our forefathers when
"the world," as it yet does, "like a briery,
thorny wilderness, swelled, and made a noise
like the great raging waves of the sea," where
the " Lord's mighty power" was proclaimed
in renunciation of its doings. In the numer-
ous and valuable accounts which are handed
down to us, of the convincement and religious
experience of our worthy predecessors in the
truth, I remember no exception to a full con-
viction, that the same Almighty power which
condescended to cleanse their hearts from
"all evil" also required them to abstain from
the ever fluctuating superfluities of the world,
and faithfully maintain their testimonj' to the
plainness and simplicity of the truth in their
outward appearance and intercourse amongst
men. If our worthy forefathers thus felt it
their duty to bear their testimony against the
spirit of the world, what great change has
since taken place that would render us excus-
able for a participation in those things which
they, for conscience sake, dare not indulge in '!
Have we not unmistakable evidence that the
Spirit of Truth has led, and still continues t(;
ad its humble, dependent followers, away
from the seed of pride, and its influences in
the heart, into the meekness, lowliness, and
simplicity of the " Lamb of God," whose gar-
ment was seamless, and who says of himself,
"I am not of this world;" and to his disciples,
" If j'e were of the world, the world would
love its own ; but because ye are not of the
world, but I have chosen j^ou out of the i
world, therefore the world hateth you? How i
strikingly does the language of George Fox,
while yet young in years, and dwelling
under deep inward baptisms, breathe forth |
the same spiritual teaching: "And the Lord
said unto me, thou seest how young people
go together into vanity, and old people into
the earth ; thou must forsake all, young and
old, keep out of all, and be a stranger to all."
And again, a few j'ears later, he writes :
" When the Lord sent me into the world, he ,
forbade me to put off my hat to any, high or. '
low ; and I was required to thee and thou all
men and women, without any respect to rich
or poor, great or small. And as I travelled
up and down, I was not to bid people Good-
morrow, or Good-evening, neither might I bow,
or scrape with my leg to any one." * * *
For, though thou to a single person was ac- <
cording to their accidence and grammar rules,
and according to the Bible, yet they could not
bear to hear it ; and because I could not put
oft' my hat to them, it set them all into a rage.
But the Lord showed me that it was an honor
below, which He would lay in the dust, and
stain ; an honor which proud flesh looked for, j
but sought not the honor which comes from \
God only." And again, in a short epistle
written under on earnest concern for the best
welfare of his friends, but a few months prior
to his death, the same testimony is thus for-
cibly revived : " When the Lord called mo
forth, he let me see that young people grew I
up together in vanity, and the fashions of the
world, and old people went downwards into ,
the earth, raking it together; and to both j
these I was to be a stranger. And now
Friends, I do see too many young people
that profess the truth grow up into the fash-
ions of the world, and too many parents in-
dulge them ; and amongst the eider some are
declining downwards, and raking after the
earth. Therefore, take heed that you are not
making your graves while you are alive out-
wardl}', and loading youi'selves with thick ■
clay. For if you have not power over the
earthly spirit, and that which leadeth into a
vain mind, and the fashions of the world, and
into the earth; though you have often had the
rain fall upon your fields, you will but bring
forth thistles, briers and thorns, which are for
the fire. Such will become brittle, peevish,
fretful spirits, that will not abide the heavenly
doctrine — -the admonitions, exhortations, and
reproofs of the Holy Ghost, or heavenly Spirit
of God ; which would bring you to be con-
formable to the death of Christ, and to his
image, that ye might have fellowship with
him in his resurrection. Therefore it is good
for all to bow to the name of Jesus, their Sa-
viour, that all may confess him to the glory
of God the Father. For I have had a concern
upon me, in a sense of the danger of young
people going into the fashions of the world,
and old people going into the earth, and
THE FRIEND.
319
imany going into a loose and false liberty, till
at last they go quite out into the spirit of the
Iworld as some have done. The house of such
ihath been built upon the sand on the sea shore,
toot upon Christ the Rock, that are so soon in
]the world again under a pretence of liberty of
conscience. But it is not a pure conscience,
nor in the Spirit of God, nor in Christ Jesus ;
for in the liberty in the Spirit there is the
unity which is the bond of peace ; and all are
one in Christ Jesus, in whom is the true
libertj% and this is not of the ivorld, for He is
not of the world." On a serious consideration
if such a testimony as this, which accords
with the New Testament, and that of all
laithful Friends who have written on the
-uliject — how can any reconcile a belief that
'there is nothing in dress?" — or, that "our
.'urly Friends did not change their garb from
he fashion of the times in which they lived,"
18 we sometimes hear alleged? — or, "if the
leart is right, the outside appearance matters
lot?" Learning as we do, from the best au-
I ,hority, that we " cannot serve God and mam-
non," how can a righteous heart, which is
lot of this world, prefer the world's superflu-
tics and customs ? If a " tree is to be known
ly its fruits," can ample returns be relied on
rom the engrafted branch, while the budding
md blooming continues from the natural
■oot? If we are Christ's disciples, and "not
i )f the world," even as " lie is not of the
•.vorld," but redeemed from the spirit thereof
! )y His spirit, how is it possible, that " the
nark of the beast, and the worshippers of his
mage, whose names are not written in the
jamb's Book of Life," can still be retained ?
Ire not these important and practical con-
liderations, and only a few of the many which
itand in close connection with this subject —
Considerations which our early Friends dwelt
yeightily upon, and sought earnestly for a
cnowledge of their duty therein, and for
ibility to perform it faithfully in accordance
vith the IJivine will? They, as a "cloud of
(fitnesses," which have gone before us, were
enabled by the purifying operations of the
Toly Spirit on their hearts, to stand faithful
n their day »nd generation to the principles
nd testimonies which we as a Society yet pro-
ess to bear to the world ; and, notwithstanding
here appears to be much at the present time to
ause the faithful to mourn, yet there is a
aeasure of consolation in the assurance, that
hrough all the trials and besetments which
lave been permitted to overtake us as a people,
he same pure, scriptural doctrines and princi-
iles which George Fox experienced, and pro-
lulgated in the beginning, have been known
nd maintained, by the faithful of every gene-
ation, from that day to the present ; and that
uen now the same power which made him and
is faithful co-workers in the cause of Truth,
?hat they were in their day, still condescends
0 dwell in the hearts of all those who truly
!nd unreservedly seek for it, and receive it
a the way of its coming. Therefore, dear
!Viends, wherever situated, or however cir-
umstaneed — those who are striving after
iithfulness in the cause of truth and righte-
usness in its primitive purity — dwell not too
lueh on the discouraging developments of the
lay, but turn inward to the Life and Power,
hat inspeaking Word, which alone is able to
strengthen the things that I'emain," and re-
' air the " waste places," to create the heart
new, and make it a " fit temple for Christ
lie Lord," " the Saviour of men," to dwell in ;
who remains to be the same " ever pi'csent
helper," the "Alpha and Omega, the begin
ning and the end," the never failing "Ai'm."
both now and forever. F.
Ohio, 5th mo. 12th, 1874.
THE FRIEND.
FIFTH MONTH 23. 1874.
The relation between parents and children,
requires of both the performance of duties
which infJuenco the whole tenor of life, and
the effect of which, whether intended or not,
will be manifest not only in the present, but
extend far into the future.
The command given to the Israelites was,
" Honor thy father and mother," with this
implied promise, " that thy days may be long
in the land which the Lord thy God giveth
thee." It implied the obligation on the part
of the parent, so to conduct in both precept
and example, as to be deserving of the honor
thus enjoined, and springing naturally in the
breast of the child ; and, we apprehend, was
also designed to be so construed, that the
honor should be given by the child not onl}-
in the days of youth, but to impress the course
of life through riper years.
So much has been said and written, of the
importance and the responsibility of the
charge of training the mind, during the years
when man is physically and mentally imma-
ture, that it seems hardly worth while to re-
cur to the subject ; but there is one phase of
the process so lamentably overlooked or dis
regarded, that it can hardly be amiss to recall
attention to it; which is, that whatever it is
the^duty of a child to perform, it is the duty of
the parent to require to be done. This in
eludes the parental duty of restraint as well
as that of prompting.
While there is evil to be shunned, as we"
ag good to be embraced, and the capacity to
form correct judgment is yet deficient in the
child, a responsibility which cannot be escap-
ed, rests on those who exercise parental au-
thority, to restrain from that which is wrong
in itself, or which tends to lead into evil,
and so to train the intellectual faculties, and
the moral or religious feelings, as to fix the
habit of self-denial. How great and sad arc
the consequences, resulting from parents not
exercising the authority with which Provi-
dence has clothed them, to correct youthful
propensities to indulge in things not right in
themselves, or calculated to betray them into
that which will be hurtful, forgetting that in-
difference to, or disregard of the proper exer-
cise of the authority to 'restrain, carries with
it partnership in the wrong committed, and
in the punishment which is sure to follow
sooner or later.
There are two worlds around us; the ma-
terial, appealing continually to our physical
senses, and the sjiiritual, addressing itself to
our inward consciousness; both intJuencing
the tides of feeling, and the currents of pas-
sion, ever ready to assail us as we are passing
down the stream of time, from our first em-
barking on its troubled waters, until landed
at the end of the voyage. Each hour we are
under training for a future state of existence,
and restraint from evil is equally necessary
as doing good, to give a well grounded hope
that the life to come shall be higher and hap-
pier than this.
Cobbett, in his directions to thosi' who write
for publication, uses this langu;ige: " As your
[len moves, bear coiistaiilly in mind, that it is
making strokes which arc to remain forever."
Well would it be for all who are delegatetl to
watch over and guide the young, tiever to for-
get, that the}- are required not onlj- to inscribe
upon their hearts the precepts of Truth, and
impress ihern by the force of exami)le, but to
prevent these heirs of eternit}- from learning
lessons or aciiuiring habits which may blot or
blur the whole page of existence. For want
of due regard to this, there is most lamentable
evidence of the lack of proper maintenance of
true Christian parental dignity and authority,
and declension among our members, from the
simplicity and self-denial which were conspi-
cuous in our predecessors.
Tvvo instances are recorded in the Holy
Scriptures which may bo cited as examplars ;
the one illustrating the results of omittincr
obedience to the duty of jiarents to restrain
their ott'spring from that which is wrong, the
other showing the blessing following its per-
formance, and obedience to the command of a
parent.
Eli was a prophet and the high jiriest of
the Most High. He had light and knowledge
of that which was right and that which was
wrong, and in his general conduct appears to
have been correct, and he evinced his desire
for the reformation of his sons, by his pater-
nal remonstance with them, " W'hy do ye such
things? for I hear of your evil dealings by all
this people. Nay, my sons, for it is no good
report that I hear: ye make the Lord's people
to transgress. If one man sin against another
the Judge shall judge him; but if a man sin
against the Lord, who shall entreat for him."
But, priest as he was, he appears to have
satisfied himself with remonstrance, not heed-
ing that what is the duty of a child to do, is
the duty of a parent to see that it is done.
He used not his authority to restrain, and his
sons honored not his entreaties to desist, and
thus they equally partook of the doom that
followed. "The iniquity of Eli's house shall
not be purged with sacrifice nor offering for-
ever;" and why? "Because his sous made
themselves vile and he reslrai?ied them not."
The other instance is that of the Rechabites,
whom the prophet by command of the Lord
brought into one of the chambers of the tem-
ple and set wine before them to drink, saying,
" Drink ye wine." But they answered, " We
will drink no wine, for Jonadab the son of
Hechab commanded tis, saj-ing. Ye shall drink
no wine, neither ye nor your sons forever."
"Thus have we obeyed the voice of Jonadab
the son of Rechab our father, in all that he
hath charged us, to drink no wine all our
days, we, our wives, our sons nor our daugh-
ters." And the prophet was commissioned
to say unto them, "'Phus sayeth the Lord of
Hosts, the God of Israel, ' Because ye have
obeyed the commandment of Jonadab your
father, and kept all his precepts, and done ac-
cording to all ho hath commanded you ; there-
fore thus sayeth the Lord of Hosts, the God
of Israel, Jonadab the son of Rechab, shall not
want a man to stand before me forever.' "
We have had placed in our hands a pam-
phlet bearing on its title page the following:
" The principles, methods and history of the
Society of Friends: a discourse delivered in
the church of The Disciples in Boston, on
First-day, 2d mo. 8th, 1874, being the eighth
320
THE FRIEND.
of the series upon ' The IjDiversal Church.'
By Augustine Jones, of Lynn, Mass."
We are entirely unacquainted with the
author, and know nothing of his religious con-
nection, but the whole tenor of his attempted
description of the doctrines of Friends, betrays
either a lack of acquaintance with the writ-
ings of Friends, and the repeated declarations
o'tbo faith held by the Society, or a deficiency
of care in presenting them. We think the im-
pression made on the minds of the hearers of
the discourse, must have been, that Friends did
not believe in the proper, underived Divinity
of Jesus Christ, nor in the atonement made
bj^ him on Calvary for the sins of the whole
world ; which is a most serious misrepresen-
tation. While they reject the doctrine of
three persons in the one God, they fully sub-
scribe to the declaration of Holy Scripture,
"There are three that bear record in heaven,
the Father, the Word, and the Holy Ghost, and
these three are one :" a mystery which human
reason cannot comprehend. That the Word
was made flesh and dwelt among men, and
though thus united to humanity, was yet God
over all, blessed forever: not a mere manifes-
tation as Soeinius inculcates, and what we un-
derstand A. Jones to represent Friends as be-
lieving. That the Father so loved 'the world
that He gave his only begotten Son ihat who-
soever believeth on Him may have eternal life;
and the Son — the Word made flesh — with the
same infinite love laid down his life, a propitia-
tory sacrifice, to purchase forgiveness for sin-
ful man, and reconcile him to his Father, and
to obtain for him a greater outpouring of the
Holy Spirit. That while the Light Within
or measure of the Holy Spirit, is given to all,
for the salvation of all who obey its requirings,
yet its work in the salvation of the soul is in
separably connected with what Christ has
done for us without us, and that it is fearful
unbelief in those who have the knowledge of
■what Christ thus did and sufl'ered, and j'et re
fuse to believe in it as essential to salvation.
The doctrine inculcated in the "Discourse'
is that of the Hicksites and not of Friends.
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
Foreign. — The hall of the French National Assem-
bly was crowded on tlie 16th inst., as it was known that
a vote was to be taken on the motion to give priority
of discussion to the electoral law over the municipal
bill, which motion had been made a Cabinet question.
The debate on the motion was continued until a late
hour, and when finally the question was put to the As-
sembly it was found that tlie government had been de-
feated, the vote standing ol7 to 381. The Assembly
then adjourned, and the Ministers soon afterwards
handed their resignations to President MacMahon.
The electoral law proposed by tlie French Ministry, and
which led to their dei'eat, was a bold and daring attempt
to disfranchise a portion of the voters, and thus lessen
the strength of the opposition.
The majority vote included all the Republican mem-
bers 331, twenty Bonapartists and thirty Legitimists.
Ex-President Thiers voted with the majority.
A Paris dispatch of the 17th says : President Mac-
Mahon has accepted the resignation of his Cabinet, and
has entrusted to Goulard the formation of a new Minis-
try. Up to the 18th inst. he had not succeeded in form-
ing a cabinet.
The Assembly has approved the postal convention
between France and the United States, arranged by the
late Ministry.
A Madrid dispatch of the 13th announces the forma-
tion of a new Spanish Ministry, with Zabalo as Presi-
dent of the Council and Minister of War, Sagasta
Minister of the Interior, with Ulloa and others for the
remaining departments.
Tlie Governors of the several provinces, and many
other higli officials, resigned when the change of minis-
ters was made known.
The political situation in Madrid continues critical.
The opposition press violently denounce the new min-
istry.
The large towns show discontent. New ambassadors
have been appointed at Vienna, Lisbon and Berlin.
The government have issued a manifesto, of which
Ulloa, Minister of Foreign Affairs, is the author. They
solicit the support of all sections of the liberal party ;
declare they will only use their powers to repel unjusli-
fiable aggressions ; pledge all their efforts to the extinc-
tion of Carlistism, and promise to make known the true
state of the treasury and to enforce strict integrity and
rigid economy in the administration of the revenues.
General Concha on the loth, was moving his forces
to occupy the passes between Biscay and the Guipuzcon
valley. Don Carlos was at Tolasa with the main body
of his forces. A large Carlist force was said to be
marching upon Estella, on the east side of General
Concha's position.
The Emperor of Russia, and his son the Grand Duke
Alexis, landed at Dover on the 13th inst. The Prince
of Wales, and others, were waiting to receive the dis-
tinguished visitors, and conducted tliem at once to
Windsor Castle.
The London Times of the 16th says : The Czar, at
the reception given by him to the Diplomatic Corps,
declared the policy of Russia is to preserve the peace
of the Continent, and he hoped the principal govern-
ments of Europe would be united in this purpose. The
Czar went to Chiselhurst this morning to see the ex-
Empress Eugenie. Upon his return this afternoon he
will visit the House of Commons.
A collision is reported at Merther Tydvil, Wales, be-
tween a coal and passenger train. Forty persons were
seriously injured.
The steamship Faraday, with the new Atlantic cable,
has sailed from Gravesend.
The British government proposes to unite Logos and
the Gold Coast into one province, under a Governor,
who will reside forty miles inland from Accra. The
Governor's residence will be the nominal capital of the
con.soIidated province, and will be protected by native
troops. The government will retain a monopoly of the
sale of arms and ammunition.
The strike among the coal miners and laborers of
Durham has again broken out. The strikers are tur-
bulent and disorderly, and much distress among them
and their families is already to be seen.
In the treaty for the establishment of a British pro-
tectorate over the Fiji Islands it is stipulated that Great
Britain shall assume all financial liabilities, pay the
king $15,000 per annum, with other pensions to various
native chiefs, and recognize the ruling chief as owner
of the lands, which are to be open to settlement by
foreigners within a year.
According to a recent parliamentary report there are
in Scotland 132,230 land-owners. Of these, seventy-
five proprietors own 9,100,000 acres, nearly one-half the
entire acreage of Scotland. The largest owner is the
Duke of Sutherland, who has 1,176,574 acres, with over
$285,000 a year.
Liverpool, 5th mo. 18th. — Uplands cotton, 8j<Z. ; Or-
leans, 8ijf/. California white wheat, 12s. id. per 100
lbs. ; red, lis. 'Id. a 12s.
Constantinople advices say there is no abatement of
the famine in Anatolia. Reports from all sections of
that country are of the most doleful character, many
persons having starved to death.
Some excitement was occasioned in St. Petersburg by
the arrest of the eldest son of the Cxrand Duke Nicholas,
brother of the Emperor. It was afterwards foiuid that
the circumstance had no political significance, but that
the mother of the unwortj^ young man having missed
her diamonds, communicated the fact to the police, who
discovered that the perpetrator of the theft was her own
son. Intelligence of the affair coming to the Emperor,
he directed legal proceedings should take their course,
notwithstanding personal considerations. It seems the
diamonds were given by the Prince to a well-known
French actress.
The Turkish authorities have prohibited the circula-
tion of the Bible in the native language.
The Swiss Confederation has recently adopted a new
Constitution by the following vote. In favor 321,870
voters and 15 cantons ; against 177,800 voters and 8
cantons. The new organic law makes the Republic a
homogeneous nation, ruled by the same laws all over
the territory. It establishes compulsory secular educa
tion, and the supremacy of the State over the Church.
It establishes civil marriage, and prohibits the creation
of new bishoprics, the founding of new convents or re-
vival of old ones, without the sanction of the govern-
ment. Not only are the Jesuits excluded, but all other
religious orders the conduct of which is dangerous to
the State or disturbs the peace between creeds.
United States. — In accordance with the advice o
President Grant, the Legislature of Arkansas met ai
Little Rock, One of the rival Governors, Baxter, ex
pressed his willingness to comply with the President'.-
wishes, but Brooks declined doing so. This condition o;
affairs imposed upon the President the necessity_ol
making a decision between the parties, and on the 15th
he issued his proclamation to the effect that as Elishn
Baxter had been declared duly elected by the General
Assembly of the State, he ought to be considered as the
lawful Executive thereof. All turbulent and disorderly
persons were commanded to disperse and retire peace-
ably to their respective abodes, and submit themselves
to the lawful authorities of said State. This step was
taken by the President with great reluctance, as he
wished the dispute to be settled by the people of Ar-
kansas for themselves. It however had the desired
effect of restoring quiet. Brook's forces surrendered on
the 16th inst., and Baxter's army will be disbanded a^
quickly as the public peace will permit. Both houses
of the Legislature have passed a bill providing for the
assembling of the Constitutional Convention on the 14th
of Seventh month.
A terrible catastrophe occurred at Haydenville, Mass.
on the 16th inst. The bursting of a great water reser-
voir swept away parts of four villages, and destroyed
property amounting to a million of dollars, and about
one hundred and seventy-five lives. The re-servou;
which was built to afford a reliable supply of water tcj
various industrial works in the vicinity, covered ont
hundred and fifty acres of ground the average depth ol
thirty feet, and was formed by throwing a dam acroai
one end of the valley through which Mill River flowed'
This dam had been repaired, and was known to b<
leaky, but was thought strong enough to stand. Butii'
suddenly gave way and the water burst forth in a re-
sistless flood, sweeping away stores, houses, peoplei
bridges and factories.
The 58th anniversary of the American Bible Soeietjj
was held in Washington the 16th inst. The receiptsoi
the year from all sources were $664,436, and the expen-!
ditures $611,728. Nearly a million volumes wertl
issued during the year, and during the past 58 years,
30,972,786 volumes have been issued.
New York city had 501 deaths last week, and Phila
delphia 321, including 118 children under two years. '
The number of children attending the public schooli'
is 100,749. The Mayor reports the public debt o'
Philadelphia to amount to $-58,364,171. The taxes foi;
the year 1874 aggregate §585,843. \
The U. S. Senate has passed a new Finance bill ill
place of that vetoed. It has been sent to the House oi
Representatives, where it may probably be modified.
'The inundation of the lower Mississippi country ill
subsiding. On the 18th the Signal Office reported thi;
river as having fallen from Cairo to New Orleans. Aj
Cairo the fall for the preceding week had been sixteen
feet, and at Memphis two feet. ^ !
The Markets, &c. — The following were the quotationi
on the ISlh inst. New York. — American gold, 112J'
U. S. sixes, 1881, Registered, 119i ; do. Coupons, 121} '
do. 1868, Reg., 119i ; do. Coupons, 120}; do. 10-40 ■'
per cents, ll-i|. Superfine flour, $5.25 a $5.65 ; Stati
extra, J6 a $6.30 ; finer brands, S7 a $10.25. No. :
Chicago spring wheat, $1.53; No. 2 do., $1.46 a $1.48
red western, $1.54 a $1.56 ; white Canadian, $1.66. Oatsl
63.V a 68 cts. Western mixed corn, 86 a 87 cts. ; yellow«
87 i cts. Philadelphia. — Uplands and New Orleanj
cotton, 19 a 19J cts. Superfine flour, $4.75 a $5.50|
extras, $5.75 a $6.25 ; finer brands, J6.75 a $10.2a
Penna. red wheat, $1.60 a $1.70; No. 1 spring wheat'
$1.50. Rye, 98 cts. Y'ellow corn, 85 cts. Oats, 63
67 cts. The cattle market was dull. Sales of 320(|
beef cattle at 7 a 7^ cts. per lb. gross for extra ; 6} a
6} cts. for fair to good, and 5 a 6 cts. for common
About 8000 sheep sold at 5 a 8-} cts. per lb. gro.ss, anii
5000 hogs at $8.50 a $8.75 per 100 lb. net Ballimore.--
Choice white wheat, $1.80; fair to prime do., $1.50:^
$1.75; good to prime red, $1.65 a $1.72; common ti
f^iir, $1.50 a $1.60. Southern white corn, 88 a 89 cts.
yellow, 85 cts. Oats, 62 a 70 cts. Chicago. — No.
spring wheat, $1.25 ; No. 2 do., $1.21. No. 2 mixei
corn, 61 J cts. No. 2 oats, 47-5 cts. Rye, 99 cts. Lard
$10.60 per 100 lbs. OmcinWfi.— Wheat, $1.37 a $1.4(
Corn, 73 a 75 cts. Oats, 52 a 60 cts. Rye, $1.16. Lard
10| a 11 cts.
Died, at his residence in Lionville, Pa., on 4th mc
1st, 1874, William Harky, a member of Uwchlai
Monthly Meeting, in the 81st year of his age.
WILLIAM H. PILE, PRINTER.
No. 422 Walnut Street.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. XLVII.
SEVENTH-DAY, FIFTH MONTH 30, 187-1.
NO. 41.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
rice Two Dollars per annum, if paid in advance. Two
dollars and fifty cents, if not paid in advance.
Ca>Moriptions and Payraentu receiTed by
JOHN S. STOKES,
4T NO. 116 NORTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS,
PHII.ADSI,FHIA.
'ostage, when paid quarterly in advance, five cent.s.
For "Tlie Friend."
Memoirs and Letters of Sarah UillinaQ.
(CoLtinued from page 309.)
" Salem, Ohio, dth mo. ISth, 1843. * * *
am abundantly satisfied of the truth, that
lotwithstanding we are a poor people and
lave many things amongst us to mourn over
hat are not according to Truth, the church
n Philadelphia is beloved of the Lord, that
le has placed his Name there, and that He
vill bless her and raise up many living wit-
iCRscs in her, who shall have cause to magnify
,nd bless and praise bis glorious, holy Name,
or his mercy and his Truth's sake. Oh then
hat our hearts may be more and more bound
ogether in doing any little service which He
nay bo pleased to call for at our hands indi-
'idually, that in the end wo may be permitted
o hear the welcome salutation of 'Come ye
ilcssed of my Father, inherit the kingdom
injiared for you from the foundation of the
vorld.' "-
" Evesham, 1st mo. 16th, ISU. * * * We
ire getting onward in our arduous service,
.nd 1 trust thus far at least have not done
my thing to hurt the good cause. The hearts
if the people in many of the families seem
ike the thirsty land to rejoice at the sound
)f the gospel ; others there are who have little
i concern, I fear, about their soul's salvation.
Vlany of the precious children I believe have
)een afresh visited, and some I cannot but be
ievo, through faith and faithfulness, will be
( )repared in this place, to stand in their ranks
.0 fill the vacant places of their honored
,'athers, now gathered to their everlasting
labitations, and to uphold the standard of
ruth, magnifying the name and the power of
[srael's unslumbering Shepherd. Oh how
)ften has dear E. Collins been brought to my
•emembrance; surely it cannot be that she
las labored in vain. Some fruits of her labor
md travail will yet be found here, and the
learts of the few living stakes in Zion be glad-
lened thereby. It is probable we shall go to
>opwell on First-day."
"Philada., 2d mo. 9th, 1844.— * * * Thou
last been so often the companion of my
houghts for a few days, I feel inclined to tell
ihee so much at least, though destitute of any
qualification for writing, except a little love
or the brethren, which I trust will never be-
come extinct in my poor mind while life re-
mains; for this is the badge of discipleship
still, and does not forbid the disciples from
talking together of the things which have
happened in our time, any more than in those
days when it is said of the early believers
when going to Emmaus, their Blessed Lord
enquired of them ' what manner of communi-
cations are these which ye have one with an-
other, as ye walk and are sad?' "Wo were
talking together of all things which had hap-
pened ; and we find it recorded in earlier days,
that they who feared the Lord spake often
one to another, and He hearkened and heard
it; were it not that He hears our sad com-
munings and bomoanings, and sometimes con-
descends to appear in secret, speaking peace
to our souls, methinks we should sink when
the waters rise high, when the billows roll
over our heads, when mortal aid is vain, when
lover and friend seem afar oft'. Ah, had not
the Lord then been our help, I bad perished
as Job said, in mine afHiction. How many
times has He made himself known in the days
of our deep humiliation, and will he now for-
sake us? Ah no, I doubt not there will come
again a day of consolation; a day wherein the
singing of birds and the voice of the turtle,
will be heard in our land ; a day wherein we
shall again have our vineyards given us from
the wilderness, and know this valley of Achor
to be a door of hope; yea and have to sing
again of the Lord's mercies and of his judg-
ments, and of bis everlasting loving kindness,
as in the day when we were first delivered
from under the bondage of Pjgypt."
" Philada., dth mo. 3d, 1846. * * * ^ Oh !
if Thou help us not we must perish. There
is however some little glimmerings of light
discoverable as the bow of promise in the
cloud, which keeps the conflicted mind from
sinking in the gulf below; and in mercy, a
secret belief aftbrded that when the end is ac-
complished, which the great and ever blessed
Head of his own church, has designed in thus
permitting the daughter of Zion to be covered
as with a cloud, and sorel}' chastened. Ho will
again clothe her with the beautiful garments
of righteousness, and bring her up out of her
wilderness condition, and say unto her 'Live.'
Ah ! surelj' ' He hath loved her with an ever-
lasting love;' and it seems to me the secret
language will be heard, 'Again I will build
thee and thou shalt be built, O virgin of
Israel I thou shalt again be adorned with thy
tabrets, and shalt go forth rejoicing in him
who hath done great things for thee.' But
then there seems to be a long season of suffer-
ing to be endured b}' the faithful, a great fight
of afflictions and of sorrow to pass through
for them who stand firmly and unflinchingly,
and are valiant for the Truth upon the earth ;
yet oh ! let us not fear this, for whether we
live to see the brighter day or not, we are as-
sured we shall reap the end of our faith, if we
faint not, even the salvation of our poor souls.
I ofttimes remember the Prophet Elijah,
how ho was fed even by the ravens, and when
the brook Cherith dried u]i, he was not left
forsaken, but was directed to arise and go to
Zarepheth, to a widow woman, alike poor
with himself: for when ho came he found her
gathering a few sticks at the gate of the city.
His faith however failed not ; and ho told her
notwithstanding her scanty store, to bake first
a little cako for him, and after bake for her-
self and for her son ; for thus saith the Lord,
the barrel of meal shall not waste, neither
shall tho cruse of oil fail until the day that
Ho sendeth rain upon the earth.' So they
lived by faith: and a good time they had
together."
"Philada., Wth mo. 4th, ISil. * * * I
can truly add that mourning is often, very
often the clothing of my spirit, because of the
desolations that abound.
While some are busily engaged with their
farms and their merchandize, and others are
marrying wives, and therefore they cannot
come to the marriage supper of tho King's
son, many more are using their utmost en-
deavors to root up the outposts that have
stood around us, and to ujiturn the very foun-
dations, while they remodel and raise a super-
structure more congenial to their modern and
liberal views of Christianitj'.
Oh ! for such as are standing in the fore-
ranks amongst us at such a time as this, of
rebuke and of treading down, how my heart
craves deep indwelling of spirit before the
Lord, that neither the smiles nor the frowns,
the applause or tho censure of those who are
seeking to entrap and to ensnare, may prove
availing or in any wise move any of us from
the steadfastness which is in Christ .Tesus our
Lord and Lawgiver, our Prophet, Priest and
King, who trod the winepress before us alone,
and of the people there was none with him.
Truly we have to wrestle, not against flesh
and blood only, but against princi])alitie8,
against powers, against the rulers of this
world, and against spiritual wickedness in
high places. How different would bo the as-
pect of things, as well as the feeling of our
hearts, and the state of our religious assem-
blies, if all those who profess to bo united in
the one great pursuit, did but see oj'O to eye;
methinks then there would bo people coming
as tho prophet testifieth, of all the languages
of the nations, and laying hold of tho skirt of
him that is a Jew, would say, ' We will go
with j-ou, for we have seen that God is with
you.'
But while there is such unsettloment
amongst us, and such a flood of lifeless minis-
try poured forth, how can we hope for any-
thing else than scattering ? It is that that is
of God, which alone gathereth unto him, and
is owned by him, and by his living people.
While that which is of the world, is owned of
the world, and tends only to scatter. Majiy
are running to and fro, but from the fruits it
does not appear that tho knowledge of the
Truth is increased, or Agag slain; but tho
322
THE FRIEND.
bleating of tho sheep and the lowing of the
oxen still sounding in the ears of those who
can hear proclaimed loudly that the command
to destroy Amaleli has not been obeyed. And
until this command is fulfilled we shall not, J
believe, make progress in our journey towards
the Heavenly City, tho new Jerusalem, whieb
Cometh down from God out of Heaven, pre
pared as a bride adorned for her husband.
Ah I surely Agag shall be slain when our Pro
phet taketh unto him his great power and
reigneth, and all that has been saved for sacri-
fice, shall be destroj'ed also.
May we, my dear friend, be found among
the number of the poor and the afflicted peo-
ple of whom it is said, ' they shall trust in the
name of the Lord ;' that when the overflowing
scourge cometh we may be spared, and be
prepared to give all the glory to his holy,
glorious, all-powerful Name."
(To be continued.)
Whirlwinds.
Directly overhead the noonday sun hung
in the hot, hazy skj^ As we moodily toiled
over the plain, my attention was arrested by
a dust W'hirhvind that suddenly sprung up
about fifty yards to our left. The few dry
leaves on the ground began to whirl round
and round, and to ascend ; and in a minute a
spiral column was formed, reaching, perhaps,
to the height of fifty feet, consisting of dust
and dry dead leaves, all whirling round with
the greatest rapidity. The column was only
a few yards in diameter; and it moved slowly
along, nearly parallel with our course, but
only lasting a few minutes; so that before 1
could point it out to Velasquez, who had rid-
den on ahead, it had dissolved away. I had
been very familiar with these air eddies in
Australia, and had hoped to carry on some
investigations concerning them, begun there,
in Central America; but, though common on
the plains of Mexico and South America, this
was the only one I witnessed in Central
America.
The interest with which I regarded these
miniature storms was due to the assistance
that their studj^ was likely to give in the dis-
cussion of the cause of all circular movements
of the atmosphere, including the dreaded
typhoon and cyclone.
Humboldt had long ago ascribed whirlwinds
to the meeting of opposing currents of air.
There is this d3'naraical objection to the
theory. The movements of the air in whirl-
winds is much more ra]iid than in any known
straight current, such as the trade winds ; and
it is impossible that two opposing currenl^
should generate between them one of much
greater force and rapidity. But even if this
fundamental objection to the theory could be
set aside, the small whirlwinds could not thus
arise, as they are most frequent when the air
is nearly or quite motionless.
Then, again, when we turn to Prof Maury's
theory that the cyclones, having been initiated
by the conflict of contrarj- currents, are con-
tinued and intensified by the condensation of
vapor in their vortex forming a vacuum, we
find it negatived by the fact that in the smallei-
whirlwinds the air is dry, and there is conse-
quently no condensation of vapor; and yet, in
comparison with their size, they are of as
great violence as the fiercest typhoon. Tylor
describes tho numerous dust whirlwinds he
saw on the plains of Mexico, Clarke those on
the steppes of Russia, and Bruce those on the
deserts of Africa; and nowhere is there men-
tion made of any condensation of vapor. I
myself have seen scores of whirlwinds in Aus-
tialia, some of them rising to a height of over
one hundred feet ; yet there was never any
perceptible condensation of vapor, though
some of them were of suflicient force to tear
off limbs of trees, and carry up the tents of
gold-diggers into the air. Franklin describes
a whirlwind of greater violence than any of
these. It commenced in Maryland b3- taking
up the dust over a road in the form of an in-
verted sugar-loaf, and soon increased greatly
in size and violence. Franklin followed it on
horseback, and saw it enter a wood, where it
twisted and turned round large trees : leaves
and boughs were carried up so high that they
appeared to the eye like flies. Again there
was no condensation of vapor.
In Australia I had many opportunities of
studying the dust whirlwinds ; and as I looked
upon them as the initial form of a cj'clone, 1
paid much attention to them. On a small
plain, near to Maryborough, in the province
of Victoria, they were of frequent occurrence
in the hot season. This plain was about two
miles across, and was nearly surrounded by
trees. In calm, sultry weather, during the
heat of the day, there were often two at once
in action in different parts of it. They were
only a few yards in diameter, but reached to
a height of over one hundred feet, and were
often, in their higher part, bent out of their per-
pendicular by upper aerial currents. The dust
and leaves they carried up rendered their up-
ward spiral movement very conspicuous. JNo
one who studied these whirlwinds could for a
moment believe that they were caused by con-
flicting currents of air. They occurred most
frequently when there was least wind; and
tbis particular plain seemed to be peculiarly
suitable for their formation, because it -was
nearly surrounded by trees, and currents of
air were prevented. They lasted several
minutes, slowly moving across the plain, like
great pillars of smoke.
When attentively watched from a short
distance, it was seen that as soon as one was
formed, the air immediately next the heated
soil, which was before motionless or quivering,
like over a furnace, was moving in all direc-
tions towards the apex of the dustcolumn.
As these currents approached the whirlwind,
they quickened and carried with them loose
dust and leaves into the spiral whirl. The
movement was similar to that which occurs
when a small opening is made at the bottom
of a wide shallow vessel of water: all the liquid
moves towards it, and assumes a spiral move-
ment as it is drawn off.
The conclusion I arrived at, and which has
since been confirmed by further study of the
question, was, that the particles of air next
the surface did not always rise immediatelj-
they were heated, but that they often re-
mained and formed a stratum of rarefied air
next the surface, which was in a state of un-
stable equilibrium. This continued until the
heated stratum was able, at some point where
the ground favored a comparatively greater
accumulation of heat, to break through the
ovei'lj'ing strata of air, and force its way up-
wards. An opening once made, the whole of
the heated air moved towards it and was
drained oft', the heavier layers sinking down
and pressing it out.
Just as over the little plain at Maryborough,
protected by the surrounding forest from the
action of the wind, the heated air accumulates
over the surface until carried off in dust ed-
dies; so, though on a vastly larger scale, in
that great bight formed by the coasts of north
and south America, having for its apex the
Gulf of Mexico, there is an immense area in
the northern tropics, nearly surrounded by
land, forming a vast oceanic plain, shut off
from the regular action of the trade winds b}-
the great islands of Cuba and Hayti, where
the elements of the hurricane accumulate, and
at last break forth. In this and such like
areas, the lower atmosphere is gradually
heated from week to week by the direct rays
of the sun during the day, by radiation from
tho sea during the night ; and, as in Australia, i
the quivering of the air over the hot ground
foreshadows the whirlwind, and in Africa the
mirage threatens the simoom, so in the West
Indies a continuance of close, sultry weather,
an oppressive calm, precedes the hurricane.
When at last the huge vortex is formed, the
heated atmosphere rushes towards it from all
sides, and is drained upwards in a spiral
column, just as in the dust eddy, on a gigantic-
scale. Unlike the air of the dust-eddy, that
of the hurricane coming from the warm sur-
face of the ocean is nearly saturated with
vapor, and this, as it is carried up and brought
into contact with the colder air on the outside
of the ascending column, is condensed and
falls in torrents of rain, accompanied by
thunder and lightning. — Belt's Naturalist in
Nicaragua.
For "The Friend."
" Part not with these old Works of true experience,
in them our fathers wrapt up wisdom tor their
sons."
Some twenty-five years ago, a neighbori
visiting the city of Penn on business, was
attracted to an auction sale of books. He
purchased a parcel for a few cents apiece, and
said there were a number of Friends' ancient
volumes offered : some of which were among
his package. Not caring for such books, he;
sent me one — -a collection of one hundred and]
Mvy nine Memorials of Friends, the earliest;
settlers of this country. The name of the^
former owner had been carefully blotted out.'
I was told it was not for the want of pennies
or houseroom, the children had thus cast away
what their good father and mother had left —
the books of olden time. I prized the one,
that had thus fallen into my hands. I
In the midst of busy preparation for chang-;
ing home, difficulties abounding, the old butj
nicely bound volume lays before me, claiming!
a place of safety among others worthy to be,
kept. Hastily opening the leaves, a paragraph!
in the testimony concerning Ann Roberts ar-|
rested my attention, profitably so, viz : " Afteri
her return from Great Britain, she met withi
great difficulties in respect to outward circum-
stances, which she sustained with Christian
fortitude. A near friend asking her how she
fl'lt under it, she replied : " While I keep my
ej-e steadily directed to the object of our chief
regard, it seems as if a wall was on each side,
all is calm, and nothing annoys ; but if I suffer
my eye to wander to the right hand or to the 1
left, the enemy breaks in upon me like a tor-
rent, which hurries me away, and it is with
great difficulty I recover myself"
It was profitable to be reminded that such
as were farther advanced in the way of holi-
ness, had sometimes to struggle with the
weakness of the flesh and the power of the
THE FRIEND.
323
Itetnpter, who is permitted to try us, so to re-
liever themselves as to keep the ej'e steadilj-
liirccted to the object of our chief regard ; that
Ibrings the calm, that hushes the disturbing
fears, and causes the wall of defence to seem
to bo on either side.
1 May the children among us not east away
too lightly, nor hide too carefully, the whole-
some writings of expei'ience our forefathers
were ac<iuainted M'ith ; let them have a place
(if but for their jiarent's sake), open them
■lomelime; therein is nianj- a little gem foi-
thought and reflection. Some time they may
be a store of treasure to thee.
" Fling not away
The shell because unpolished and uncouth,
Lest in so doing thou shouldst tling away
The gem whose lustre lies unseen within."
Chester Co., 5th mo. 1874.
For " The Frieud."
Sufferings of a Lost Man,
(Continued from p.ige 31S.j
I did not yet realize the possibility of a
lermanent separation from the compan}-. In-
stead of following up the pursuit of their
!amp, I engaged in an effort to recover my
lorse. Ilalf a day's search convinced mo of
ts impracticability. I wrote and posted in
m open space several notices, which, if my
riends should chance to sec, would inform
;hem of my condition and the route I had
:aken, and then struck out into the forest in
the supposed direction of their camp. As the
iay wore on without any discovery, alarm
took the place of anxiety at the prospect of
another night alone in the wilderness, and
this time without food or fire. But even this
dismal foreboding was cheered by the hope
that I would soon rejoin my companions, who
would laugh at my adventure, and incorporate
it as a thrilling episode into the journal of our
trip. The bright side of a misfortune, as I
found by experience, even under the worst
possible circumstances, always presents some
features of encouragement. When I began to
realize that my condition was one of actual
peril, I banished from my mind all fear of an
unfiivorable result. Seating myself on a log,
I recalled every foot of the way I had travel-
led since the separation from my friends, and
the most probable opinion I could form of their
whereabouts was, that they had, by a course
but little different from mine, passed by the
spot where I had posted the notices, learned
of my disaster, and were waiting for me to
rejoin them there, or searching for me in that
vicinity. A night must be spent amid the
prostrate trunks before my return could be
accomplished. At no time during my period
of exile did I experience so much mental suf-
fering from the cravings of hunger as when,
exhausted with this long day of fruitless
search, I resigned myself to a couch of fine
foliage in the pitchy darkness of a thicket of
small trees. Naturally timid in the night, I
fully realized the exposure of my condition.
I peered upward through the darkness, but all
was blackness and gloom. The wind sighed
mournfully through the pines. The forest
seemed alive with the screeching of night
birds, the angry barking of coyotes, and the
prolonged dismal howl of the gray wolf
These sounds, familiar by their constant oc-
currence throughout the journey, were now
full of terror, and drove slumber from my eye-
lids, but above all this, however, was the hope
that I should be restored to my comrades the
next day.
Early the next morning I rose unrefreslied
and pursued my weary way over the prostrate
trunks. It was noon when I reached the sjiot
where my notices were posted. No one had
been there, ilj* disap])ointmeiit was almost
overwhelming. I'\5r the tli'st time, I rcali/.cd
that I was lost. Then ctime a crushing sense
of destitution. No food, no fire; no means to
|)rocure either; alone in an unexplored wil-
tlerness, one hundred and fifty miles from the
nearest human aliodc, surrounded by wild
beasts, and famishing with hunger. It was
no time for despondency. A moment after-
wards I felt how calamity can elevate the
mind, in the formation of the resolution " not
to perish in that wilderness."
The hope of finding the party still con-
trolled my plans. I thought, b}' traversing
the peninsula centrallj^, I would be enabled
to strike the shore of the lake in advance of
their camp, and near the ])oint of departure
for the Madison. Acting upon this impres-
sion, I rose from a sleepless couch, and pur-
sued my way through the timber-entangled
forest. A feeling of weakness took the place
of hunger. Conscious of the need of food, I
felt no cravings. Occasionally, while scram-
bling over logs and through thickets, a sense
of faintness and exhaustion would come over
me, but I would suppress it with the audible
expression, "This wont do; I must find m}-
company." Despondency would sometimes
strive with resolution for the mastery of my
thoughts. I would think of home^of my
daughter — and of the possible chance of star-
vation, or death in some more terrilde f )rm ;
but as often as these gloomy forebodings
came, I would strive to banish them with re-
flections better adapted to my immediate
necessities. I recollect at this time discus?ing
the question, whether there was not impUinted
by Providence in everj' man a principle of self-
preservation equal to any emergencj' which
did not destroy his reason. I decided this
question affirmativel}' many times afterwards
in my wanderings, and I record this experi-
ence here, thatan}- person who reads it, should
he over find himself in like circumstances,
may not despair. There is life in the thought.
It will revive hope, allay hunger, renew en-
ergy, encourage perseverance, and, as I have
proved in my own case, bring a man out of
difficulty, when nothing else can avail.
It was mid-da}' when I emerged from the
forest into an open space at the foot of the
peninsula. A broad lake of beautiful curva-
ture, with magnificent surroundings, lay be-
fore me, glittering in the sun-beams. It was
full twelve miles in circumference. A wide
belt of sand formed the margin which I was
approaching, directly opposite to which, rising
seemingly from the very depths of the water,
towered the loftiest peak of a range of moun-
tains apparently interminable. The ascend-
ing vapor from innumerable hot springs, and
the sparkling jot of a single geyser added the
feature of novelty to one of the grandest land
scapes I ever beheld. Nor was the life of the
>cene less noticeable than its other attrac-
tions. Large flocks of swans and other water-
fowl were sporting on the quiet surface of the
lake; otters in great numbers performed the
most amusing aquatic evolutions ; mink and
beaver swam around unscared, in most gro-
tesque confusion. Deer, elk, and mountain
sheep stared at me, manifesting more surprise
than fear at ray presence among them. The
adjacent forest was vocal with the songs of
birds, chief of which wore the chattering notes
of a species of mocking-bird. Seen under
favorable circumstances, this assemblage of
grandeur, beauty, and novelty, woidd have
been transjxirting ; but jaded with travel,
famishing with hunger, and distressed with
anxiety, I was in no humor for ecstas}-. My
ttistcs wore subdued and chastened by the
perils which environed me. I longed for food,
friends, and protection. Assotiated with iny
thoughts, however, was the wish that some
of my friends of peculiar tastes, could enjoy
this disjila}' of secluded magnificence, now
probahl}- beheld for the first time by the eyes
of civilized man.
The lake was at least one thousand feet
lower than the highest point of the peninsula,
and several hundred feet below the level of
Yellowstone Lake. I recognized the moun-
tain which overshadowed it as the landmark
which, a few daj's before, had received from
General Washburn the name of Mount Everts;
and as it is associated with some of the most
agreeable and terrible incidents of my exile,
1 feel that I have more than a mere discovery
right to the perpetuity of that naming. The
lake is fed by innumerable small streams from
the mountain, and the countless hot springs
surrounding it. A large river flows from it,
through a cation a thousand feet in height, in
a south-easterly direction, to a distant range
of mountains, which I conjectured to be Snake
River; and with the belief that I had dis-
covered the source of the great southern tribu-
tary of the Columbia River, I gave it the
name of Bessie Lake, after the '-Sole daughter
of m}' house and heart." * * * * While
looking for a spot where I might repose in
safet}-, my attention was attracted to a small
green plant of so livel}' a hue as to form a
striking contrast with the deep pine foliage.
For closer examination I pulled it up liy the
root, which was long and tapering, not unlike
a radish. It was a thistle. I tasted it ; it was
palatable and nutritious. My appetite craved
it, and the first meal in four days was made
on thistle roots.
Oveijoyed at this discovery, with hunger
allayed, I stretched myself under a tree upon
the foliage which had partially filled a space
between contiguous trunks, and fell asleep.
How long I slept I know not; but 1 was sud-
denly roused by a loud, shrill scream, like
that of a human being in distress, poured,
seemingly, into the verj' portals of my ear.
There was no mistaking that fearful voice. I
had been deceived by and answered it a dozen
limes while threading the forest, with the be-
lief that it was a friendly signal. It was the
screech of a mountain lion (the cougar of na-
turalists) 80 near as to cause every nerve to
thrill with terror. To yell in return, seize
with convulsive grasp the limbsof the friendly
tree, and swing m3'self into it, was the work
of a moment. Scrambling hurriedly from
limb to limb, I was soon as near the top as
safety would permit. The savage beast was
snufliing and growling below, apparently on
the very spot I had just abandoned. 1 an-
swered every growl with a responsive scream.
I'errificd at the delay and pawing of the beast,
I increased my voice to its utmost volume,
broke branches from the limbs, and in the im-
potency of fright, madly hurled them at the
spot whence the continued bowlings pro-
ceeded.
(To be continued.)
324
THE FRIEND.
A SONG IN THE NIGHT.
Be still ! and know that I am God,
YoH tread the paths your fathers trod ;
They found no tlow'ry beds of ease —
They sailed through dark and stormy seas.
The hill of Zion — sweet retreat ! —
Is climbed by none but weary feet:
Whom I would raise I first cast down ;
The conflict first — and then, the crown.
Unchastened sin would shame my grace,
And leave thy soul a barren waste;
Wisdom must needs be justified
Of the whole race of Israel's tribe.
Be still ! and know that I am God !
A Father's hand employs the rod :
I reign in righteousness, and prove
My blood-bought seed with chastening love.
For "The Frieod."
Hints Respecting the Ilumbling, Transforming power
of Divine (Jrace wlien nearina; tlie Valley of the
Shadow of Death; from a Memoir of Deborah
Baciihouse.
Selected.
" Let US therefore come boldly unto the throne of grace
that we may obtain mercy, and find grace to helf
in time of need." — Hebrews iv. 16.
The "time of need." Ah ! little know'st thou now,
Thou of the laughing lip and sunny brow;
In the first freshness of thy morning hours.
In the first conscious glow of untried powers,
When such shall be.
No want, no wish, but, soon as felt fulfilled.
No bright hope crushed, no young aspiring chilled.
No trace of tears upon that mantling cheek —
Thou wonderest that the sacred page should speak
Of need to thre!
Yet will it come, thou know'st not whence or when ;
O ! seek betimes the Grace that can sustain thee then.
For unto all it cometh, soon or late,
Slow creeping change, or sudden stroke of fate.
The wakening from sweet childhood's rainbow trance —
The bounding spirits quelled as years advance,
By toil and care;
The sundering of afl'ection's sacred ties ;
The tempest shock when passion's surges rise;
The .syren-voice of pleasure, or the maze
Of folly, with its thousand winding ways;
Each step a snare ;
These will o'ertake, thou know'st not how or when ;
O! seek betimes the Grace that can sustain thee then.
In thine own spirit, in the world around.
By day, by night, thy "time of need" is found;
Perchance when all combine their aid to lend.
Perchance when e'en tliy bosom's dearest friend
Suspects it not :
The heart hath joys and sorrows all its own.
By human sympathy unfell, unknown ;
And oft the sense of need is heavier there,
Than when with outward ills thou .seem'st to share
The common lot.
Then lift thy young heart in its strength and glee.
To seek that grace Divine which then can succor thee.
So shalt thou find, in sorrow's darkest hour,
A guiding Light, a sheltering Arm of power.
In pain and sickness on a Hand unseen
Thine aching head in sweet repose shall lean ;
And in the vigil by the loved one's bed,
A viewless presence from His wings shall shed
The healing balm.
So through each changeful scene of life below.
One place of sure retreat thine heart shall know •
So shall thy faith be steadfast, on the day
When the death-angel on thy brow shall lay
His icy palm.
So in that last and sorest " time of need "
That Rock shall fail thee not — that Grace thy cause
shall plead.
II. Bowden.
• »
For "The Friend."
Look not so much on other men's faults
as on thine own. Thou linowest thine own
faults, but it is difficult to know the true na-
ture and degree of the faults of others. A
disposition to judge others turns the soul from
its true centre in God, brings it outward, and
takes away its rejjose. ''Judge not, that ye
be not judged." D.
Fifth mo. 10th, 1874.
It is of the greatest importance to a growth
in the Truth, and to a solid religious life and
character, that we remember what wo are,
poor, fallen, lost creatures, wholly dependent
upon Divine kindness, and the grace and
mercy of the Eedeemer, —
" In whose favor life is found,
All bliss beside a sh.adow and a sound."
well to remember, " Who made, who marred,
and who has ransomed man." Eemember also,
as says the Prophet, " The rock whence ye
are hewn, and the hole of the pit whence ye
are digged;" that so we maj' not look upon
ourselves with any degree of complacency, or
assume that we have attained immediate sal-
vation either through a self wrought or intel-
lectual belief in the outward sacrifice of the
Saviour and His imputed righteousness, or
through any other unfounded hope of our
own ; and thence that we are prepared for the
eternal state, without first obedience to the
light of the Lord Jesus manifested in the
heart; without submission to the Saviour's
thoroughly cleansing baptism of fire and the
Holy Ghost ; without experiencing repentance
unto newness of life; or without knowing
judgment to pass upon the transgressing na-
ture, and the operation of that omnific Word,
that " is quick and powerful, and sharper than
any two-edged sword, piercing even to the
dividing asunder of soul and spirit, and of the
joints and marrow, and is a discerner of the
thoughts and intents of the heart:" which,
through the life and power of Christ the Door,
effects an entrance by the cherubim and
flaming sword, unto the eternal rest and in-
heritance of the redeemed.
The dear subject of this memoir could not
presume upon any thing more than the chas-
tened, humble feeling that she was a poor,
weak creature, a mere worm ; and that it was
through obedience to Divine grace alone, as
it had been measurably extended to her, that
she could derive any solid satisfaction or true
peace. This Aiitb led, as it ever will, to watch-
fulness and care and restraint, both for her-
self and on account of her children, in what
are termed little things, saying, " I have seen
and found that nothing else will do." She also
spoke of the sanctifying operation of the Holy
Spirit of God, and of the importance of an at-
tention to the Light of Christ; which would
very clearly direct in all things ; and, if obey-
ed, produce that peace which pasaeth all hu-
man understanding.
These solemn testimonies of D. B., suggested
in view of the awful, fast-hastening assize,
are commended to the careful perusal of the
friendly reader.
"In the evening of the 3rd, her mind seemed
sweetly humbled under a sense of her Heaven-
ly Father's love. She said, that she felt her-
self to be a poor, weak creature, nothing but
a poor worm ; and that it was through Divine
Grace alone, as it had been measurably at-
tended to, that she had been made any way
tolerable; earnestly enjoining all around her,
to be very careful not to say one word, that
should possibly attribute anything to her;
and again emphatically saj-ing: 'I am noth-
ing at all but a poor worm. I have not one
scrap of my own, — no ! not one scrap to trust
am permitted to feel such a portion of inex- *
pressible peace. For some time past, I have!
seemed free from condemnation ; and have
felt comfort in having endeavored to servo
the Lord ; and in doing the little I have been
enabled to do, for the cause of Truth.'
After this, she spoke of the deep concern
she was under, that her precious children
might be trained up in the fear of the Lord,
and instructed in Divine things; that their
tender minds might be closely watched; and
every thing withheld from them, which might
encourage pride or any other wrong disposi-
tion. She then remarked that she viewed
children as a very important charge ; and that
a great weight of responsibility attached to
parents to whom they were committed.
She spoke much of the necessity of keeping
to the simplicity of Truth, in reference to
dress, and what may be termed little things,
saying: 'I have seen and found that nothing
else will do. If the cause of Truth bo sup- |
ported, it must be done in the simplicity.'
She said she longed that if her dear children
should live to grow up, they might be made \
as lights in the world ; that she had never
desired much of this world's goods for them; ;
but only a sufficiency to live in a plain way ;L
that she even dreaded the idea of riches, i
knowing they were often a great snare and
temptation. She then committed her chil- ,
dren and her dear partner, to the care and i
keeping of the Lord; expressing her belief
that they would be cared for every way.
She afterwards passed a pretty comfortable
night ; but on the morning of the 4th appeared i
to be very faint, and thought she might bej'
going. After a short time she revived; * *
and in the course of the daj^, she imparted to
those present excellent counsel, instruction,
and warning, adapted to their different states;
endeavoring, in a particular manner, to im-
press upon them the importance of an atten-
tion to the Light, or manifestation of the
Spirit of Christ, in their own minds; whichi
would very clearly direct them in all things ;
and, if obeyed, produce that peace whichi
passeth all human understanding.
To her sister-in-law, Hannah Backhouse,]
she said : ' I do not seem to have much on my
mind to say to thee : knowledge has not been
wanting ; thou hast seen and felt what the
Lord requires of thee.' She, however, extend-
ed encouragement to her, to press forward in
the path of dedication with increased dili-
gence ; urging, that an implicit obedience in one
little thing after another, as manifested to be
our duty by the Light in our hearts, is the
only way to make spiritual progress; and add-
ing : ' Delays are dangerous. There is no time
to spare.'
This solemn address appeared to have its
full effect upon the mind of her sister, who
was taken ill oidy a few days after, viz., on
the 10th of the same month, and died on the
23rd ; having, there is good ground to believe,
submitted her will and affections to the sancti-
fying operation of the Holy Spirit of God,
whom she desired to serve; and who was
pleased to cut short the work in righteousness,
and, wo trust, to grant her a place amongst
all those, who have witnessed their robes to
be washed and made white in the blood of the
Lamb."
CTo be continaed.)
If some have to sit in dust and ashes, it is
not to be marvelled at. Why should we want
to. It is of Divine grace and mercy, that I to be but where the Master is,
THE FRIEND.
325
For "Tim Friend.'
Reflections upon Philadflphia Yearly Meeting.
(Concluiled froui page 317.)
There was, on one occasion, in ttie recent
lathering, an illustration of the unedifyint!;
I laracter of the scones which wo maj- expect,
I the practice of reading Scriptures in our
' leetings for Divine wor.ihip, as a part of the
roceedings thereof, should be introduced and
^talilished amongst us. An effort to etfccl
lis change is now being made in England.
' it should succeed, it would doubtless slimu-
,te some in thiscountr}' to follow the example.
bus in one sense, if one memberof the Church
itfcr, all the members suffer with it.
Suattered through tho journals of our early
limds, are to bo found several instances in
hiih they felt it right to produce in public
lii;ious meetings, a copy of the Bible, and
' refer to its pages in proof of tho assertions
ey made. They were much misrepresented,
id many false charges made against them,
that they rejected or undervalued these
ered writings, &c. ; and they were occasion-
ly led in this way to stop the mouths of
: linsayers. One of the most striking cases
the kind is that recorded in the Life of
imuel Bownas, who, at the funeral of a
fiend in Dorsetshire, England, felt impelled
' address tli^e people with a Bible in his hand,
I • which he referred for proof of his doctrines.
imuel, after the company had dispersed, was
formed that there had been present a Bap-
5t preacher, who in his sermons bad been
.;customed to say that Friends denied the
jriptures, and did not use the Bible to prove
.lyihing. At another time, when travelling
America, he had a public meeting at Now-
ay, Massachusetts. The people wore very
ide in their behavior, and tho assemblage
iry large. Samuel stood up, and took out
8 Bible. This attracted their attention, and
"tor a time, a degree of quiet having been re-
ored, ho said that, "Keligion without right-
insness was useless, and could not profit
lose who possessed it. And going on, 1
ime in the course of my service to recite the
•eat improvement true religion made in the
inds of those who lived in it, by giving them
ower over their lusts and passions ; repeat-
g that text in James i. 26, 'If any man
nong you seem to be religious, and bridleth
)t his tongue, but deceiveth his ovvn heart,
lis man's religion is vain.' One out of the
irong said, ' Sir, j'ou impose upon us, there
no such text.' I made a full stop, and turn-
1 to it; and many Bibles then appeared. 1
:peated chapter and verse, and they turned
t it. Then I asked them, if they had it?
hey replied, they had. Then I read both
le twenty-sixth and twenty-seventh verses,
3d asked if it was so in their Bibles; they
TSwered it was. I then desired them to con-
der, whether I that repeated the text, or he
lat said there was no such text, was most in
le right. I went on with my opening, care-
lUy minding my guide ; and in the course of
le doctrine I had in my view, 1 came to treat
:' faith, and distinguished between true and
Ise faith, showing, that notwithstanding we
light give our assent to the truth of what
as called the apostle's creed, or any other
lade and drawn up by men, and might be
salous to dispute and contend for the truth
"" these creeds, in the wording of them; j^et
T all that, if we did not lead Christian lives,
e were still but unbelievers ; ' for faith with-
it works is dead,' as the text tells us. At
these last words one cried out, '3-00 imjiosc
upon us, there is no such text.' I immediate!}'
stopped and turned to it, and quoted it, and
all who had Bibles made search. There being
a profound silence, 1 read the text, asking, if
it was so in their books? They all re|ilied, it
was. I made the same remai k as before ; and
then I went on, distinguishing between true
and false Aiith, plainly dmonstrating from
Scripture, that faith was very different from
what many took it to be. Truth was emi-
nently preached that day, and there was a
considerable tenderness amongst the people,
and the meeting ended well."
While I believe that Samuel Bownas was
rightlj' directed in these cases, and that in our
days there may be occasions when a similar
course would be proper; yet I am equally cer-
tain, that, in common with the great body of
the Society from its rise, he would have con-
demned the practice of regular!}' reading any-
thing in our meetings for worship, as a part
of their proceedings; as a step backward
towards that formality in worship out of
which our earl}' Friends wore gathered.
Robert Barclay says, that when assembled
for Divine worship, " Tho great work of one
and all ought to be to wait upon God: and
returning out of their own thoughts and im
iginations, to feel the Lord's presence, and
know a gathering into His name indeed, where
He is in the midst, according to His promise."
"And as every one is thus gathered, and so met
together inwardly in their spirits, as well a.'
outwardly in their persons, there tho secret
power and virtue of life is known to refresh
the soul, and the pure motions and breathings
of God's spirit are felt to arise ; from which,
as words of declaration, prayers or praises
arise, the acceptalile worship is known, which
ediHes tho church, and is well pleasing to
God." This is that true and spiritual wor-
ship, practised by those who found " no out-
ward ceremony, no observations, no words,
yea, not the best and purest words, even thf
words of scripture, able to satisfy their weary
and afflicted souls; because where all these
may be, the life, power and virtue, which
make such things effectual, may be wanting.
Such were necessitated to cease from all ex-
ternals, and to bo silent before the Lord."
Curious Phenomena of Taste anil Habit.
Everybody has probably noticed a resem-
blance in the strong, pungent taste and odor
of tho highly esteemed condiments to food,
mustard and horseradish. It is worth notice
that these substances, so dissimilar in their
appearance, contain the same chemical com-
pound, allyle, which imparts to both their
penetrating odor, burning taste and blistering
quality. The chemical compound, allyle, com-
bined with sulphur, imparts the strong dis-
agreeable odor to the onion, garlic, and even
to assafn?tida, though the latter is much
stronger and more disagreeable to Europeans,
owing to its peculiar fetid smell.
In horseradish tho allyle is combined not
only with sulphur, but also with another or-
ganic substance, cyanogen or prussic acid.
Prussic acid is well known as one of the most
virulent poisons in existence, a very small
dose being sufficient to cause death ; but every
one knows that horseradish can bo eaten with
perfect impunity. AVe mention this particu-
larly because we often called tho attention of
our readers to tho fact that many substances
which are poisonous in themselves, when in
combination with other substances become
perfectly harmless.
The ])resence of prussic acid in ilio hoivo-
radish dejirives the volatile oil which may be
distilled from this plant of the fetid odor so
characteristic of tha onion, garlic and assa-
fictida, while at the same time it would ajipear
to impart tho pungent taste. The plants
which may be designated as tho onion family
yield upon distillation the same essential oils
which give off an odor similar to the original
plant in a highly concentrated and conse-
quently in a highly disagreeable form. Tho
intensity of the odor of this oil may be infer-
red from the fact that from thirty to forty
pounds of the most highly Havored garlic are
necessary to produce a single ounce of the oil.
A much larger amount of onion and a smaller
amount of the as-afaHida would be required
to give the same amount of this oil.
Natural instinct seems to have led tho in-
habitants of different countries to eat these
plants more for their medicinal properties
than because they were especially pleasant to
the taste. There are thousands of people in
this country who cannot endure the taste or
smell of onions ; but, on the olh( r hand, a large
number, more particularly of the working
classes, are very fond of them. In England
tho onion is more highly esteemed, as a gen-
eral thing, than in this country; but not one
Englishman in a thousand is fund of garlic.
In Franco a considerable portion of the popu-
lation is fond of garlic, and it is very frequently
used in small quantities to give a mild garlic
flavor to various dishes.
In Spain and Portugal garlic is almost as
common a dish as potatoes are with us; and
in the countries lying on the borders of Asia
the sap of the assalwtida plant is carefully
collected and highly esteemed as a condiment
or flavoring for food. The eastern Asiatics
used assalietida to the entire exclusion of lioth
of the milder forms of onion and garlic. From
the Bible we learn that the ancient Israelites
were fond of onions and garlic ; for in the wil-
derness they murmured, saying, " We remem-
ber the cucumbers and the melons, the leeks,
the onions and the garlic;" while the Egyp-
tians regarded tho onion as a sacred plant
and worshipped it. — Exchange.
Fur "The Friond."
Ministers and Elders,
Since our last Yearly fleeting, the subjoin-
ed has been sent to the writer by a friend.
Though especially addressed to the meeting
of Ministers and Elders, it seems to be of more
general application ; containing suggestions
that may well claim the solid consideration of
our members everywhere. May none within
our own borders, neither elsewhere. Buffer
themselves to become so wise in their own
eyes, as not to be willing to heed the]>recept8
and pleadings^so calculated to stir the pure
mind by way of remembrance — of former and
better days.
While it is most surely believed that no
sincere endeavor to serve the Lord in humil-
ity, contrition and pra} cr will ever bo un-
heeded by Him, we may nevertheless hero
express the conviction, that never was tho
truth more sealed upon the mind than during
the sittings of our late annual assembly, that
what is so much needed amongst us, and es-
pecially with some would-be modern reformers
is, a return to the first principles of this reli-
gious Society; even faithful obedience to the
326
THE FRIEND.
Light of Christ Jesus, manifested in the secret
of the heart, as "God's gift for man's salva-
tion ;" then would all the testimonies proceed-
ing therefrom, and most surel}' committed to
this people, be kept to and upheld in their
ancient purity ; then too, would the power of
the Lord, undiminished and the same that
ever it was, Le afresh felt to overshadow, as
of old, our religious assemblies; then would
" the righteousness thereof go forth as bi-ight-
ness, and the salvation thereof as a lamp that
burneth;" and the shout of a king be again
heard, to the rejoicing and joy of our souls.
The manuscript alluded to, with some
abridgment, is; — "At a Yearly Meeting ot
Ministers and Elders, held in Philadelphia,
for Pennsylvania, New Jersey, &c., in INlnth
month, 1787.
It being the sense of this meeting, that the
revival of these pertinent and weighty ad-
vices, issued by our brethren in Jjondon, in
their Yearly Meeting, 1775, for the especial
use and notice of Ministers and Elders, maj-
tend to our improvement and solid instruc-
tion, it is therefore recommended to our sev-
eral select Quarterly Meetings, to promote
the reading and considering of them at such
proper times and seasons, as may appear to
them most likely to answer the valuable pur-
pose for which they were intended. The
Clerk of this meeting, is desired to furnish
each Quarter with a copy of these advices.
Extracted from the minutes of said meeting,
by Henry Drinker, Clerk.
Against undue and restless behavior under
the ministry of any Friend, whilst in the unity
of the body.
That all be cautious of using unnecessary
preambles, and la}'ing too great a stress on
their tesum(jny, by too positively asserting a
Divine motion, and frequently repeating the
same, seeing no such pretensions will obtain
credit, were it not manifestly so ; and where
it is so, the baptizing power of Truth accom-
panj'ing the words, is the best evidence.
Against misquoting and misapplying the
Holy Scriptures; and it is desired, that all
those concerned (in the ministrj'). be frequent
in reading them.
Against hurtinij meetings toward the con-
elusion, b}' unnecessary additions when the
meeting (subject) was left well before.
Against unbecoming tones, sounds, ges-
tures, and all affectation, which are not agree-
able to Christian gravitj'.
Against undertaking or remaining in em-
ploj-ments thej- have not knowledge of, as
some have done to their own hurt, the injury
of others, and the reproach of their religious
profession : but to employ themselves in busi-
ness they arc acquainted with, and to avoid
an idle life.
Not to speak against persons, or report
things upon hearsay ; but to treat with the
parties concerned, and thereby prevent sow-
ing discord.
That their apparel, and the furniture of
their houses, their tables and way of living
be with decency, moderation and temperance,
that they be therein good examples to others.
That ministering Friends be careful not to
hinder one another's service in public meet-
ings, but every one have a tender regard for
others, that nothing be offered with a view to
po])ularity, but in humilityand thelearof God.
That ministers, when they travel in the
service of Truth, be careful not to make their
visits burdensome, or the gospel chargeable.
That all ministers and elders, be careful to
keep their whole conversation unspotted, be-
ing examples of meekness, temperance, pa-
tience, and charity. And lastly, as supplica-
tion to God, is an especial part of worshi]i, it
must be performed in spirit and in truth, with
a right understanding, seasoned with grace.
Therefore, let ministers be careful how and
what they offer in prayer; avoiding many
words and repetitions, and not to run from
supplication into declaration, as though the
Lord wanted information. And let all be
cautious of too often repeating the high and
holy Name, or His attributes, in a long con-
clusion ; nor let prayer be in a formal and
customar}' way to conclude a meeting, with-
out an awful sense of Divine assistance attend-
ing the mind.
For "Tlie Friend."
The Heart of Africa, by Dr. Schweinfurth.
(Continued from page .315.)
Though our author made frequent use of
his gun as a means of supplying himself and
his attendants with food, yet he does not ap-
pear to have been one of those sportsmen
who wantonly destroy lite. Hence hunting
achievements are but seldom recorded in his
pages. Yet he mentions some incidents that
illustrate the habits of the wild animals, into
whose abodes he penetrated. The formidable
character of the lion, and the terror it inspires
are shown in the following passage of his
book :
"As we were preparing to continue our
march, some people came to meet us with
some dismal intelligence from the neighboring
village of Geegyee. They said that on the
previous night a Nubian soldier, who had laid
himself down at the door of his hut, about five
paces from the thorn hedge, had been seized
by a lion, and before he could raise an alarm
had been dragged off, no one knew whither.
1 now learnt, that this district had for some
years been infested with lions, and that lately
the causalties had been so frequent that the
greater part of the inhabitants of Geegyee had
migrated in consequence. The entire village
would have been transplanted long ago, but
the lions had been always found to follow
every change of position. At seven o'clock in
the morning we reached the ill-omened spot,
the poorest of neglected villages, surrounded
by woods. A thorn hedge formed its enclosure,
but nowhere could we discover an entrance.
Although the sun was now high, the inhabi-
tants, terrified lest the lions should be near,
were still sitting either on the tops of their
roofs or on the piles that supported their gra-
naries. Speechless, and depressed with fear,
my people proceeded on their journey : every
one kept his gun in hand, and the bearers,
listening anxiously at every rustle that broke
the stillness, peered carefully' after auy traces
of the dreaded foe.
On one occasion, I had gone out to hunt,
attended by one of my Nubians, who rode a
donkey, of which the sup])osed office was to
carry home whatever might be the produce of
mj' sport. I left m}' servant and the donkej'
carefully out of sight in a spot where two
rit'ts in the soil represented what, during the
rains, was the course of two connected brooks.
Proceeding to the tall grass, I was not long
in sighting a small Bush-Antelo]3e. I took a
shot, and could entertain no doubt the animal
was struck. I saw it scamper across the
grass, and was every moment expecting to
see it fall, when I heard a sudden bleat of at'
guish, and it was gone. Forcing my wa'
through the rank grass, I made the close,-
serutinj' all around the place, where but a fc\
minutes since, I had seen the wounded anti
lope, but my search was all in vain. [ wy
encumbered in my movements by having t
carry a couple of guns : but knowing that th
area of the ground was bounded by the tw;
rifts that enclosed it, I felt certain that ra'
search would not be without success. A'
length I discovered the antelope almost at m'
feet, but it was fixed immovably ; it was fast
ened to the ground by what seemed to me a'
first the filthy skirt of one of the negroes'
Looking more closely, however, I soon sa^
that the creature had been seized by an in"
mense serpent, that had wound itself thrc
times round its body, leaving its head project
ing and drawn down so as well nigh to touc
the tail. I retreated far enough to take a'
effectual aim, and fired. The huge pj?tho
immediately raised itself bolt upright, an
made a dash in my direction, but it was abl'
only to erect its head ; the hinder parts la;
trailing on the ground, because the vertebri:'
connection was destroyed. Seeing the statj
of things, I loaded and fired repeatedly, tat
ing aim almost at random, for the evolution
of a snake are as difficult to follow as th
flight of the goat sucker. I completed m'
capture; the return to my quarters was mad
in triumph; the double booty formed a doubl'
burden, the snake on one side of the donke'
and the antelope on the other, balancing eac
other admirably. ,
When in the Niara-uiam country, makini
a halt at a hamlet, my two companions drev
my attention to a valuable production of thei"
land. Underneath oneof the granaries, whic
was supported in the usual way upon postf'
was a great pile of firmly pressed clay. O
this an old woman was hammering with th"
.pestle belonging to her mortar, and bavin
[knocked a hole, she drew out some tubers d
ja kind that I did not recognize. I after
wards found that it was the Colocasia, whic
1 is cultivated very freelj' throughout the Nian'
iniam country, and which when boiled make
I a very excellent vegetable. The thick cove
ing of clay is put over them not onlj' t
keep them moist in the dry season, but als
to defend tiiem from the ravages of rat
worms, and white ants. AVhenever any (
the tubers are required it is onlj' needful t'
knock a hole through the clay, which can b
plastered up again with a few handfuls c
fresh mud. The same plan is also adopted i
the rainy season to protect the crops fror'
damp and rot.
The arrangements of the Niam-niam hut^
are much the same throughout the lan(
Two, or at most three, families reside clos'l
together. Generally from eight to twelv I
huts are clustered round one common ope
space, which is kept perfectl}^ clean, and i
the centre of which is reared a post upo; I
which the trophies of the chase are hung '
Skulls of the rarest kind, splendid horns o
antelopes and buffaloes are attached to thi
standard, and, it must be added, skulls of m>-\
and withered hands and feet! Close in tli
rear of the huts, upon the level ground, wen
the magazines for corn ; behind these woulr
be seen a circle of liokko fig-trees, which an
onlj- found in cultivated spots, and the barl
of which is prized, far mora than the hand
somest of skins, as a material to make inti, i
I
i
THE FRIEND.
327
othing. Further in the background might
J noticed a perfect enclosure of paradise figs ;
len in wider circumference the plantations
'manioc and maize ; and, Itistly, the outlying
ilds of eleusiuo extending to the compound
;xt beyond.
The social position of the Niam-niain wo-
en differs materially from what is found
nongst other lieathen negroes in Africa.
he Bongo and other women are on the same
miliar terms with the foreigner as the men,
id the ilonbuttoo ladies are as forward,
quisitive, and prjing as can be imagined ;
It the women of the Niam-niam treat every
ranger with marked reserve. It is one of
.0 fine traits of the Niam-niam that they
splay an affection for their wives which is
iparalleled among natives of so low a grade,
id of whom it might bo expected that they
ould have been brutalized by their hunting
id warlike pursuits. A husband will spare
» sacrifice to redeem an imprisoned wife.
Dr. Sch weinfurth remarks that his personal
ipearanco aroused the most vivid interest
I the part of these people. Their curiosit}-
emed insatiable, and the}- never wearied in
eir inquiries as to his origin. To their minds,
e mystery was as to where be could have
me from ; his hair was the greatest of enig
as to them ; it gave him a supernatui'al look,
id accordingly they asked whether ho had
len dropped from the clouds, or was a visitor
om the moon, and could not believe that
lything like him had been seen before. It
jirdly seemed to be the color of the skin that
:eited their astonishment, for even in the
.motcst regions of Central Africa, tribes
at have no conception of an ocean are
vare of the existence of white men ; but it
as invariably the long straight hair that
used their chief surprise. He had purpo.sely
lowed his hair to grow to an unusual length,
at he might bo identified at once amid all
e countless shades of complexion that were
iund among the Nubians.
His botanical zeal gave him the epithet of
iLeaf-eater," which he retained during the
mainder of his journey, and some marvel-
js accountsof his performances in that line,
came current among the natives. It was
id that he had a habit of getting into a
nse thicket where he imagined he was un-
served, and that then he used in great haste
gather and devour enormous quantities of
ives ; and that he invariablj- came forth
bm the woods with an exhilarated expres-
l)n and quite a satisfied look.
The dominant idea which seemed to be im-
[essed upon the natives by his botanical
idor, concentrated itself upon their convic-
bn as to the character of the country where
le white man has his home. According to
leir belief, this could show neither grass nor
he, and consisted of nothing better than
indy plain and stony flat. Those amongst
lem who had been carried away as slaves
i the ivory expeditions, and had returned
lain from Ivhartoon, had brought strange
leounts of the desolation and drought of the
-Dslem lands over which they had passed ;
id what, they asked, must be the condition
• the still remoter countries of the Frank, of
'lom they only knew that he kept the Turk
(pplied with cotton-stuffs and guns ?
Dissensions, like small streams, are first begun ;
Scarce seen they ri.se, but gather as they run ;
So lines that from their parallel decline,
More tliey proceed the more they still disjoin.
SelocU'd for "The FrleuJ."
[With one ..r Iwu vcrbul changes not affecting tho sonsc]
Dear friends and brethren : — I have some-
thing further in my heart to communicate
unto you in dear and tender love, and in de-
sire of your preservation out of the snare of
3'our adversaiy ; and that is, to exhort j'ou
all to dwell in the pure judgment of the Truth,
which is a defence upon your glory ; and let
none bereave you of this under any pretence
whatsoever. But as 3'ou come to a true feel-
ing of the life in yourselves, to which alone
the certain judgment appertaineth, so let this
life have freedom, and stop it not from judg-
ing all that which is at enmity with the life.
and tends to tho hurting of the true plant of
God. For I have seen a harm hath come to
many who have parted vvith their judgment,
and so have become unarmed, and the enemy
hath prevailed upon them, under a pretended
tenderness to permit or suffer such things as
were hurtful to themselves and others ; and
though tho Lord hath given them judgment
and discerning in the matter, yet were bereaced
of that gift, and so by little and little were
beguiled.
Oh dear Friends! Consider these days are
perilous times, and it is needful for every one
to watch in that same eternal light to which
you were first turned, that by its righteous
judgment ye may be preserved from ever}--
thing in yourselves that appears contrary to
that precious Life of which you have tasted.
All bewareof that afi'ected tenderness that cries
out, be tender to all, and pray for all, and mind
the good in all, and lovo all, and judge none,
but leave judgment to God, etc. I say, heed
not the plausible words of that spirit, which,
to save its own head from a stroke, ivould be-
reave you of a judgment which God hath given
you ; and is truly His judgment, and is to be
administered in His wisdom and power for
the cleansing and keeping clean his sanctu-
ary. Such as have no judgment in their
goings, are they that know not the true way
of peace, but make them crooked paths. He
that goeth in them, shall not know peace : Isa.
lis. 8. But some may say, was not Christ
meek and lowly ? and ought not all to bo like
unto Him ?
It is true, my friends: but there is a dif-
ference between the seed's suftering ami its
reigning, and there are times for them both.
When it doth please God to permit the hour
and power of darkness in the open perse-
cutors, to exalt itself against his seed and peo-
ple by persecution, or such like ; then they
are led by His spirit to appear in meekness
and quietness, as a sheep before the shearer.
But ivhat is this, to suffering those that appear
under pretence of the Truth, and yet are out of the
Truth and really enemies to its prosperity, striv-
ing to exalt and set up another thing instead of the
Truth? Such as these the Lord doth require
you to use not only patience and meekness
towards; but if that will not reclaim them,
they must know the judgment of the Truth,
and you in it must stand over them ; for in
this case the exaltation of Christ is come, and
God is crowning Truth with dominion over
every false spirit, and corrupt practice thereof.
Dear friends, in that which keeps out tho
defiler and the betrayer, all wait upon the
Lord, that you may have your armor on, and
be fortified with the strength, with the might,
and with the judgmentof God. Keep that under
in every place, which under pretence of tenderness
and forbearance, would make void the testimony of
Truth — or make the oft'ence of tho Cross to
cease in an3thing wherein you have been re-
stricted from tho beginning: that the Lord
maj- behold and see judt;ment established and
be pleased : Isa. lix. The I>ord looked, and
thei'c was no judgment, and it displeased him ;
for thereby deceit got up, which with it, is to
be kept down.
So the Lord God of power and wisdom pre-
serve you faithful, fitted for ever}' good word
and work, — tiio strong to watch over tho
weak in singleness, and the weak to be sub-
ject to the strong in the Lord, that so tho
pure plant of righteousness and ti'uth, may
grow in and among you all, to his praise that
hath called you, — to whom be glory and
honor forever. Amen. — Stephen Crisp. 1GG6.
THE FRIEND.
FIFTH MONTH 30. 1874.
Looking over some writings of Friends
within a few daj's, we were struck with tho
following exhortation from the pen of William
Penn, and wo think it deserving of being re-
vived at the present time, as applicable to
manj- among us.
There are man}' in different meetings, who
are morally correct in their lives and conver-
sation, and who not unfrequently ex])ress
themselves as being wellwishers to the truth,
but who appear to think there is no responsi-
bility resting upon them to do, or not to do
anything for its jjromotion or defence. They
are honest and diligent in business, and care-
ful in tho observance of outward religious
duties, but they would hardly expect any one
to suppose they are fervent in spirit, serving
the Lord. These seem not to believe, or at
least not to realize that every member of the
church is called to let his or her light so shine
before men, that others seeing their good
works may glorify our Father who is in
heaven, on their account.
It is not talking a great deal about religion,
or engaging in stated performances as re-
ligious works, that is required, or most eflS-
cient in spreading the Redeemer's kingdom ;
but to show forth his transforming, ]ireserv-
ing and sanctifying power, b}' a constant,
consistent walk in the strait and narrow way
to life eternal.
George Fox records, " The Lord said unto
me, if one man or woman were raised by his
power, to stand and live in the same Spirit
that the prophets and apostles were in who
gave forth the Sci-iptures, that man or woman
should shake all the country' in their profes-
sion for ten miles round." Such an effect was
not to be confined to that day: if our mem-
bers would stand and live in that Spirit, it
might be manifested now, as well as foi-merly.
So soon as anj' one has been brought under
the regenerating power and govei'nment of
Christ, through obedience to the requirements
of his Spirit in the heart, he becomes deeply
interested in the welfare of his church. Ho
feels bound to give his countenance and aid
in maintaining its order; to illustrate the
puritj' of its doctrine by his example ; to bear
witness that Christ's kingdom is not of this
world, and to the sufficiency of his yoke to
restrain from its corrupt spirit, manners and
worships. Thus, without indulging itf irreve-
rent, or flippant speaking of sacred things,
such are loud preachers, and are living wit-
328
THE FRIEND.
nesses that the Son of God is come, and hath
given them an understanding, that they maj^
know Him that is true, and that they are in i
Him that is true, even in his Son Jesus Christ. |
The church is standing greatly in need of
such witnesses for Jesus, and the spirituality
and power of his gospel. The call of William j
Penn may well be addressed to many of our
members, and may it incite each one to in-j
quire honestly how far it is applicable to him-
self or herself
" Wherefore I cannot but cry and call aloud
to you, who have long been professors of the
Truth, and know the Truth in the convincing
power of it, and have a sober conversation
among men ; yet content yourselves only to
know Truth I'or 3"ourselves, to go to meetings,
and exercise an ordinary charity in the church,
and an honest behavior in the world ; and
limit yourselves within these bounds, feeling
little or no concern upon your spirit, for the
glory of the Lord, in the prosperity of his
Truth in the earth, more than to be glad that
others succeed in such service. Arise ye, in
the name and power of the Lord Jesus : be-
hold how white the fields are unto harvest in
this and other nations, and how few able and
faithful laborers there are to work therein.
Your country folks, and neighbors, and kin-
dred, want to know the Lord and his Truth,
and to walk in it. Does nothing lie at your
door upon this account? Search and see, and
lose no time, I beseech you, for the Lord is at
band.
"I do not judge you; there is One that
judgeth all men, and his judgment is true.
You have mightily increased in j-our outward
substance ; may you equally increase in your
inward riches, and do good with both, while
you have a day to do good. Your enemies
would once have taken what you had from
you, for his name sake, in whom you believed ;
wherefore He has given you much of the world,
in the face of your enemies. But, O, let it be
your servant, and not your master! Your
diversion, rather than your business ! Let the
Lord be chiefly in your eye, and ponder your
ways, and see if God has nothing more for
you to do. And if you find yourselves short
in your account with him, then wait for his
prepai-ation, and be ready to receive the word
of command ; and be not weary of well doing,
when you have put your hand to the plough ;
and if you faint not, you shall assuredly reap
the fruit of 3-our heavenly labor, in God's
everlasting kingdom."
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
Foreign. — Kepeated attempts of Goulard to form a
new French Ministry failed, and finally President Mae-
Mahon decided to choose one himself. It now consists
of General Cissy, Minister of War and Vice-President
of the Council; Decases, Minister of Foreign Affairs;
Fourton, Interior; M.agne, Finance; General Caillaux,
Public Works; Louis Gurart, Commerce; Viscount
DeLamont, Public Instruction; Adrian Tailhaud, Jus-
tice. The Marquis of Montaignac is appointed Minister
of Marine. A majority of Assembly appear disposed
to support the new Ministry. Tlie Paris papers gener-
ally think that the Ministry is more of a business one
than representative of any distinct political programme.
On the '23d the new German Ambassador to France,
Prince Hohenlole, presented his credentials to Presi-
dent MacMahon. The usual assurances of friendly
feelings on both sides were given.
A Paris dispatch of the 24th says: Ex-President
Thiers to-day received a deputation from the Depart-
ment of the Gironde, and in reply to their address said
the monarchy which he was overthrown for not estab-
lishing was impossible. A Conservative Republic alone
could reorganize and pacify France. He hoped that
after its recent experience the Assembly would admit
the necessity of making the country the sovereign ar-
biter. If it persisted in sitting while powerless to
attain any definite result it would exceed the bounds of
reason.
At a recent election in the Department of Nievre, to
fill a vacancy in the Assembly, Bourgoing, a Eonapartist,
was elected, receiving .5000 votes more than his Repub-
lican competitor.
In the north of Spain the struggle between the Car-
lists and the government forces is still undecided,
numerous sanguinary conlicts on a small scale are of
almost daily occurrence. In the contest for the posses-
sion of the heights commanding Bilboa, it is claimed
that the Carlists have gained some successes. In other
collisions they appear to have suflfered most. A Madrid
dispatch of the 20th says : There was a severe skirmish
between the Republicans and Carlists yesterday in the
neighborhood of Bilboa. The insurgents were repulsed
with heavy loss. One hundred Republicans were killed
and wounded. Thirty Carlists were taken prisoners.
One of the 2")th says that General Concha was concen-
trating his forces for an attack on the Carlists who were
entrenched in the forest near Estella.
A City of Mexico dispatch of the 18th states that the
Alcalde of Iscolo, in the State of Sinalva, has officially
reported to the Prefect of his district that on the 4th of
last month he arrested, tried and burned alive, Jose
Maria Borulla and his wife, Dioga, for sorcery, it hav-
ing been proved that they had bewitched one Aliestro
Zacarias. The Alcalde says the people were exasperated
against the sorcerers, and demanded that they should
be burned. The sentence was executed with his ap-
proval, and he adds that he has his eye on other sor-
cerers against whom complaints have been made.
The Official Diairo of Mexico confirms the Alcaldes
statement, and says that he has since caused another
old woman and her son to be burned for the same cause.
The general government has taken measures to stop
these atrocities.
A railroad is building from Naples to the crater of
Vesuvius, or as near thereto as possible. The journey
from Naples to the crater can then be made in about an
hour anil a quarter.
The Parliamentary election in Durham has been an-
nulled on account of bribery, and the election in Galway
on account of intimidation of electors.
Opperheim & Schrader, merchants, have failed.
Liabilities estimated at $3,000,000.
The Czar left England on the 2l8t, on his return to
Russia.
The dispute between the agricultural laborers and
their employers in the eastern counties, is reported to
be in the way of adjustment. The protracted " lock
out" of the farm laborers in Lancashire has been ended
by a settlement, which will probably be adopted in the
other agricultural districts of England.
The public debt of Great Britain is said to be in a
satisfactory state. For the first time since the great
French war it stands at less than £780,000,000; and
more than £51,000,000 of this sum represents the value
of a series of temporary annuities, which will expire
chiefly in 1885. The permanent debt of the country,
then, amounts to about £728,000,000.
A violent thunder storm passed over London and
the midland counties of England the 25th inst. Some
lives were lost, and considerable damage was done to
the crops.
The President of Hayti has resigned, and transferred
the government to Dominguez the Vice-President, who
has the support of the army, and insists that the As-
sembly shall declare him Executive of the island.
Intelligence from Calcutta is generally reassuring.
There has been beneficial rain in Tirhoot and part of
Bangulpore; public health is good; local transport
arrangements are working well ; and no fresh deaths
from famine are recorded.
From the census of Japan for the year 1872, just
published, we learn that the total population of the is-
lands is 33,110,825, of whom 16,796,158 are males and
16,314,687 are females.
United States. — The House of Representatives by
a vote of 160 to 54, has passed a bill for the admission
of New Mexico as a State.
The U. S. Senate, after long discussion, has passed
the Civil Rights bill which was so zealously urged by
the late Senator Sumner. The bill enacts: That all
citizens and other persons within the jurisdiction of the
United States, shall be entitled to the full and equal
enjoyment of the accommodations, advantages, facilities
and privileges of inns, public conveyances on land or
water, theatres and other places of public amusement,
and also of common schools and public institutions of
learning or benevolence, supported in whole or in part
by general taxation, and of cemeteries so supported,
and also the institutions known as agricultural collegi
endowed by the United States, subject only to the coi
ditions and limitations established by law, and appl
cable alike to citizens of every race and color, regari
less of any previous condition of servitude.
It is supposed that a majority of the members of tl
House of Representatives are in favor of the bill as
passed the Senate, but it is doubtful whether it can 1,
passed the present session. Congress having agreed li
adjourn on the 22d of Sixth month, and there heir'
many measures which will take precedence in the regi
lar order of business. A motion to suspend the ruli
and take up the bill was lost yeas 153, nays 84 — ni'
two-thirds voting in the affirmative.
The Legislature of Connecticut has elected Wm. V
Eaton as U. S. Senator, to succeed Senator Buckinghan
Later advices respecting the Mill River disaster ri
duces the total number of victims to 138. Of these th
bodies of all but 14 have been recovered. The work (
clearing up the debris and preparing for building h:
been commenced, and the restoration of the desolate
villages is already assured. About 1-50 families wei
left utterly destitute.
The principal importations of sugar and molassi
come from Cuba and Porto Rico. Thus the value
these articles imported in 1873 from the islands name
was $73,503,766, and from all the rest of the wori
$19,072,920.
The interments in Philadelphia for the week endir'
5th mo. 23d, numbered 299, including 100 childri
under two years. There were 43 deaths of consum
tion, 26 inflammation of the lungs, 15 disease of tl
heart, and 14 marasmus. On the afternoon of the 2.5i
inst. a heavy rain and hail storm accompanied by thu,
der and lightning, visited the city. Many sections
the city were flooded where the drainage is insuflicier
especiMlly a portion in one of the northeastern ward
Considerable damage was done to the trees in the Par
Henri Rochefort, who escaped from the penal coloi
of New Caledonia to Australia, has m.ade his way fro
thence to San Francisco, Cal. He expected to reai
New York on the 30th inst.
The Markets, &c. — The following were the quotatio!
on the 25th inst. New York. — American gold, 112
U. S. sixes, 1881, registered, 120|; coupons, 121 i; o'
1868, registered, 119i; coupons, 120i; do. 10-40
per cents, 115. Superfine flour, $5.25"a $5.70; Sta'
extra, 16. 15 a §6.35 ; finer brands, $7 a $10.25. No.
Chicago spring wheat, $1 50; No. 2 do., $1.45 a $1.4
No. 3 do., $1.43; red western, $1.56; white Canadia
$1.63. Canadian barley, $2 a $2.10. Oats, 62 a 65 c
Western mixed corn, 83 a 86 cts. ; yellow, 86 a 87 c
white, 88 a 90 cts. Philadelphia. — Uplands and Ni
Orleans cotton, 18| a 19| cts. for middlings. Superfi
flour, $4.75 a $5.50 ; extras, $5.50 a $6.25 ; finer brani Hi
-6..50 a $10.25. No. 1 spring wheat, $1.43 a 1=1.4
Penna. red wheat, $1.60 a $1.65; western red, $1.4f
$1.65. Rye, $1. Yellow corn, 86 a 88 cts. Oats, 61
69 cts. Smoked hams, 13 a 14i cts. Lard, lU a
cts. Clover seed, 9il a lOJ cts. About 2100 beef'cat
were sold at 7 a 7i cts. per lb. gross for extra ; 6 a
cts. for fair to good, and 5 a 5}- cts. for commc
Sheep, 5 a 8 cts. per lb. gross, and hogs $8.50 a
100 lb. net. Chicago. — No. 1 spring wheat, $1.22 ; j
2 do., $1.19; No. 3 do. $1.13. No. 2 mixed corn,
cts. No. 2 oats, 45J cts. No- 2 rve, $1. No. 2 spri
barley, $1.60. Lard, $10.75 per 100 lbs. St. Louis.
No. 2 spring wheat, $1.20; No. 3 fall, $1.3.5. No.
mixed corn, 56 cts. Cincinnati. — Wheat, $1.33. Mix
corn, 70 cts. ; white, 75 cts. Oats, 54 a 60 cts. R
$1.16. Milwaukie. — No. 2 spring wheat, $1.22. No
oats, 45 cts. Corn, 57 cts. Rye, 96J cts. No. 2 spri
barley, $1 .60.
THEATRICAL AMUSEMENTS AND HORSl
RACING.
A new edition of the above named Address has bt
struck ofi' and is now at Friends' Book Store, No. f
Arch street.
Friends in the country can obtain whatever numl
of copies m.ay be needed for distribution in their resp
five neighborhoods.
Died, at his residence in Westmoreland, Oneida C
N. Y., on the 12th of 4th mo. 1874, Paul C. Macombj
in the 81st year of his age, an esteemed members
elder of Westmoreland Monthly Meeting. He T
through a long life firmly attached to the princip
and testimonies of the religious Society of Friends, a'
was much esteemed by a large circle of friends i^
acquaintance, for his unswerving integrity and the I
riglitness of his life. He passed away like a " shock
corn fully ripe, gathered in in its season."
i
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. XLVII.
SEVENTH-DAY, SIXTH MONTH 6, 1874.
NO. 42.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
rice Two Dollars per annum, if paid in advance. Two
dollars and fifty cents, if not paid in advance.
Subscriptions and Payments receiTed by
JOHN S. STOKES,
AT NO. 116 NORTH FOURTH STREET, DP STAIRS,
PHII.ADBI.FHIA.
'ostage, when paid quarterly in advance, five cents.
Illustrations of Scripture by Means of Ancient
Monuments.
The first great stride made in the path of
Biblical Archseology was in Egyptian re-
search. Egypt was the first ancient land re-
iiscovered in modern times ; its antiquities
ind monuments were the first examined by
scholars and men of letters. No real advance
30uld, however, be made till the ancient lan-
guage of the hieroglyphs was able^to be in-
terpreted. It is here necessary to recollect
;hat philology is the handmaid of histor}-,
ind that the truth of history depends on the
iccuracy of philological inquiries. In the de-
i?.ipherment of an unknown language all de-
ipends upon the standpoint, and tlie care with
Which the induction is made. The language
bnce interpreted, the historical results follow
is a matter of course. In the success which
attended the efforts of the first inquirers to
interpret the hitherto occult monuments of
Egypt lay the liiilure or success of determin-
ing the chronology and hislor}-; the struggle
,wa8 over the hieroglyphy, the spoil was the
solution of the historical problem. It was then
discovered that the Egyptians were not only
a most highl}' civilized and most ancient peo-
ple, but that their history was of the highest
importance for the study of biblical areha3-
olog}'. Thediscovei-iesot CharapoUion proved
that the conquest of the Jews by Shishak had
been recorded in the temples of Thebes, and
:that the names of the towns subjected to his
|arms in Judea had been inscribed on the walls
of the great temple of Amraon. Those of the
school of ChampoUion who have continued
Ithe research have thrown additional light on
the relations between the Jews and the Egyp-
itians, and M. Chabas has discovered, in ilje
hieratic papj'ri of the Museum of Lej-den the
existence of the Hebrews in Egypt in the days
;0f Rameses II, and a subsequent notice of
them under a later monarch of the same line
;of Eamessids on the rocks of El Hamamat.
tit is under the 19lh and 20th dynasties that
Ithe influence of the Aramajan nations is dis-
tinctly marked; and not onlj- by blood and
alliances had the Pharaohs been closely united
with the princes of Palestine and Syria, but
the language of the period abounds in Semitic
words quite different from the Egyptian with
which they were embodied and intermingled.
These points have an important bearing on
the contested point of the period of the exode
of the Hebrews. So important have been
those studies of the synchronistic histoiy of
the two nations, that it will be impossible
hereafter to adequately illustrate the history
of the Old Testament without referring to the
contemporaneous monuments of Egypt; and
not alone the history, but the laws, institu-
tions, and even turns of thought and expres-
sions, have many points of resemblance in the
two nations. It is wonderful, all things con-
sidered, that the Hebrews have not taken
more from Egyptian sources than they did,
not that they were so much imbued with
Egyptian ideas.
Assyria has been still more prolific in monu-
ments having historical and other information
relative to the history of the Old Testament.
Turning to it and the other rivals of Egypt
in the most remote times. Babylonia, the
cradle of Semitic civilization, stands promi-
nent as highly civilized and densely populated
at a period when Egypt was still in its youth-
ful prime. From Babylon are to be drawn
important illustrations of the history of the
Old Testament, and the discoveries of students
and inquirers into the cuneiform have won
valuable information i'rom the evidence of the
inscriptions. The brilliant discoveries of Sir
H. Rawlinson, followed up by those of MM.
Oppert and Menant, Mr. Norris and G. Smith,
have restored much of the early history of
Babylonia. They have discovered the names
of many ancient kings, amongst others the
Chedorlaomer, or his successor, of the days of
Abraham, and been able to identify many of
the sites of ancient cities of Babylonia, the
names of which are household words, such as
Urof the Chaldees, the birthplaceof Abraham
and cradle of the Hebrew race, and Erech,
founded by Nimrod. Babel has, of course,
been discovered, Borsippa, Nineveh, Calah
and other sites identified, and many of the
traditions point to the diluvian and antedi-
luvian records of the two great Semitic races.
If the monuments necessary for the elucida-
tion of the early contemporaneous history of
Babylonia are scanty, such is not the case
with those of Assyria, of which many histori-
cal remains, from their being composed of
terra cotta, have survived the destructive fury
of fire and sword, and the cupidity or malice
of conquerors. Descending the stream of his-
tory, the oldest Assyrian historical monument
has been translated by four different scholars,
which is the cylinder of Tiglath-Pileser, b. c.
1120, published in the Transactions of the
Royal Society of Literature. Subsequent to
that period, and in the reign of Shalmaneser,
the Jewish kings Omri, Ahab, Jehu, and the
Assyrian monarchs Benhadad and Hazael, are
mentioned in the annals of the reign, about
B. c. 850, as conquered or tributary to the
empire of Assyria. Under the successor of
Shalmaneser, Vulnirari, Assyria not only con-
quered the land of Omri, or Samaria and
Edom, but extended its conquests over Syria
and Damascus in the half-century subsequent
to the time of Shalmaneser. Under the next
monarch of Assyria, Tiglath-Pileser It, illus-
trations of the history of the Old Testament
continue to increase, and mention is found in
the inscriptions of A zariah, Menabf^m. Pekah,
Hoshea, and Rezin, king of Daina-icus, with
whom the Assyrian monarch carried on war.
All these, be it recollected, are mentioned on
contemporaneous monuments, b. c, 750. Wo
have thus important illustrations of events
hitherto known from other sources, which
the Assyrian monuments either confirm, or on
which they shed a brighter light by the de-
tails which they give of the wars from the
cuneiform history and archives. As the page
of history is unrolled, the annals of Sargon,
about B. c, 720, record the conquest of Samaria,
and the capture of the city of Ashdod, men-
tioned by the prophet Isaiah. Some remark-
able historical cylinders in the Bi-itish Museum
contain the annals of Sennacherib, his expe-
dition against Jerusalem, and the events of
the reign of Hezekiah, the tribute exacted by
the conqueror from the king of Israel, with
all the details of the troops employed for the
invasion of Palestine. These events bring the
contemporaneous monumental history down
to the seventh century b. c. ; and soon after,
under the reign of his successor, Esarhaddon,
about B. c, 680, the Assyrian inscriptions con-
tain an important notice of Manasseh, king of
Judah. The successor of Esarhaddon was
Asshurbanipal, the Sardanajtalus of the classi-
cal writers, the greatest of the Assyrian mon-
archs, for his conquests extended beyond
Palestine ; he added Egypt to the dependen-
cies of Assyria, and defeated the Ethiopian
monarch Tirhakah. Besides historical results,
some important discoveries have been made
in philology ; for not only have the grammar
and dictionary been eliminated, but the exist-
ence of a second language conteniporaneous
with the Assj'rian, and called, for want of a
more definite nomenclature, the Akkad, has
been discovered. This language has been re-
ferred to the Turanian rather than the Semitic
family, but its affiliation is obscure. Surely
these are astounding results, liberal contribu-
tions to biblical archajology, an ample tribute
to historical truth, won in the last thirty years,
by the genius and industry of Assyrian schol-
ars, from the monuments of Assyria. Could
anything cause the formation of such a So-
ciety as the present, these facts should do so,
dug out of the plains of Mesopotamia, rising
as witnesses to corroborate or enlarge the his-
tory of Central Asia. They ought to rally
round the Society all who take an interest in
the comparative study of biblical history.
To this portion of the subject belongs the
end of the Assj'rian empire under the last
monarch. Assur-ebil-ili, when the scene of
history shifts once more to the monuments of
the revived or second empire of Babylonia.
It is much to be regretted that, although full
330
THE FRIEND.
information has been thus obtained of the
general historyof Assyria, which can be traced
from 1120 to 630 b. c, yet up to the present
moment there is a great deficiency in the con-
temporary history of Babylonia as derived
from the monuments. As the excavations of
MM. Layard, Eassam, Loftus, and Sir H. C.
Eawlinson exhumed the remains of the great
archival library of Asshurbanipal at Kouy-
unjik, consisting of more than 20,000 frag-
ments, many of which have been put together
by archiuologists and scholars, and give a
general idea of the literature and history of
Assyria; so it may be hoped that, at a future
period, the library of Nebuchadnezzar, or
some other monarch of his dynasty, will be
recovered. Then, and not till then, will be
revealed, in its full extent, the more primitive
civilization and the older annals of the Baby
lonians ; for this early nation there are as yet
no contemporaneous annals, although there is
some material for the history of Nebuchad-
nezzar, who comes on the scene about b. c
604, after the fall of Nineveh. Many cylinders
of that renowned monarch, whoso name has
passed into a household word, and is familiar
to all, have indeed been found, yet, notwith-
standing the frequent recurrence of his name
on numerous monuments, no contemporaneous
annals of his reign have been discovered
Nebuchadnezzar was indeed a great religious
restorer, more so even than a conqueror, and
his inscriptions record the endowment of tem-
ples, their repairs, his pious offerings to the
gods, but no historical facts. These are still
to be searched for in the plains of Mesopo-
tamia, and the day is probably not far distant
when the interest excited by these studies in
this country will renew excavations similar to
those already mentioned, which were formerly
made with such success on the sites of the
cities of ancient Assyria. That they may be
continued until they evolve the whole pro-
gramme of the ancient civilization of man-
kind, and resolve the problem whether the
civilization of the East started from the plains
of Assyria or the valley of the Nile, will be
the earnest desire of every student of early
history.
It is true that these results have not been
obtained without difficulties. There has been
some conflict between Assyrian and Jewish
history, and although Assyrian scholars, deal-
ing with the special subject of Assyria, natur-
ally lean with favor to the information the
monuments of Nineveh afford, it is by no
means sure that the Assyrians, especially in
speaking of foreign nations, may not have re-
corded errors. As the research advances the
diflSculty of reconciling the chronology of the
Assyrians and the Jews will melt away before
the additional monuments that may be ob-
tained, or the more correct knowledge that
may be acquired. There is nothing to alarm
the exegetical critic in the slight discrepan-
cies that always present themselves in the
world's history when the same fact is dif-
ferently recorded by the actors in some na-
tional struggle. For truth the whole evidence
is required, and the monuments of antiquity
too often reach our hands as broken pieces of
an imperfect puzzle. Is it, then, wonderful
that the reconstruction should bo embarrass-
ing?— Church of England Magazine.
•-♦
There is great strength in true unity, and
a single desire for each other's religious wel-
fare.
For "The Friend."
Hints concerning the Swift Witness for Trutli in
her closing hours, with an account of that close ;
from a Memoir of Deborah Uackhonse.
Deborah Backhouse, it would seem, was
now nearly ready to be offered, and the time
of her departure at hand ; but the Witness
for Truth again, even at this late period,
brought her under exercise of mind and con-
demnation with regard to "some little things
in her own house and family which were not
enough in the simplicity that (she then saw)
the Truth required." She scrutinized these;
regretted not having been more faithful to
the Light of Christ in the heart, which would
have made manifest the things reprovable.
She, in allusion to them and in addressing her
Father in heaven said, " I do most sincerely
repent, and implore Thy forgiveness."
May none, then, make light of scruples that
have been coexistent with this Society ; or
deem but cunningly devised fables restraints
begotten in the secret of the hearts of those,
who in the smaller or the larger tithe and
sacrifice dare not limit the Holy One of Israel,
in His humbling discipline of self denial and
the cross, for their refinement, and for the
forthcoming of that "ornament of a meek and
quiet spirit, which in the sight of God is of
great price." May none likewise contemn,
either in themselves or others, the day of small
things, which is declared to be the sure way
to fivll by little and little. But rather letting
childlike obedience keep pace with knowledge
in the day thereof, be enabled to grow there-
by in the Truth from stature to stature in its
progressive manifestations — first as babes,
then young men, then strong men, unto pillars
in the Lord's house, which shall go no more
out. The Truth will never fail of application,
neither lack significance in the sight of the
All-seeing: " He that is faithful in that which
is least, is faithful also in much." And again,
to be "fiiithful in a few things," (whatever
called for) is the way to be made " ruler over
many things." Moreover, we presume, if the
beginning of our religious life is not laid here,
— in self-renunciation as with the mouth in
the dust and all laid low, and a willingness
wrought to follow the dear Master in the way
and by the stepping stones of His own direct-
ing and ordering, — we shall never make
straight steps nor speed well toward that
establishment in the Truth as it is in Jesus,
that will bring support and rest in trouble, or
prove an anchor to the soul when the storms
and waves of trial beat.
The Memoir resumed : — " The dear invalid
was led to make thankful acknowledgments
to her gracious Lord, for his goodness, mercy,
and love, so variously manifested; saying, it
was all of his rich, unmerited mercy; and
that she had nothing good of herself ' No !
nothing at all. All is thy goodness, O Lord I
and what shall I render unto Thee for all thy
benefits ! Unto Thee is all the praise and the
glory.'
At another time she made instructive re-
marks in reference to her continuance ; con-
cluding it might be for some purpose which
would yet be manifested. She frequently ex-
pressed a desire, that we would unite with
her, in craving that her patience might be
continued to the end.
Again she said: 'I have a clear view of the
outward sufferings of our blessed and holy
Eedeemer. I see the bleeding cross, and the!
mangled body ; yes ! the mangled limbs : O, I
let me adore ! All this for poor, fallen, loa
man, that ho may be saved.' Another frienc
coming in, silence again ensued ; and afte:
awhile she said, that the view of the outwarc
sufferings had a little returned, but was with
drawn; and her mind turned to the inwarc.
work of Christ, which was a great and necea
sary work. She then spoke of the necessit]
of faithfulness ; repeating: ' Nothing else wil
do — I hope the words will go to those foj
whom they are intended.'
Soon after this, she supplicated thus: 'Now|
Holy Father ! if the work be fully finished
bo pleased to take me to Thyself; — if that b{
fully finished which Thou hast given me t(
do.'
Subsequently, she was brought under con
siderablo exercise of mind ; and expressed i
belief that it was right for her to wait in th(
Light, to discover the cause. After a short
time she said, there were some little thingi
in her own house and family, which were not
enough in the simplicity that Truth requires
which, had she been sufficientlj' attentive tc:
the Light of the Eedeemer, would not havf
been given way to. She appeared closely tc
scrutinize every little thing; and again testi
fied that if the Light of Life was attended
to, it would show clearly what was or was
not, in conformity to the Divine will. She ij
acknowledged, in an humble, affecting man-j
ner, her regret at not having been more faith
ful in these things, saying : ' Yes, Lord ! I see
and if I had paid more attention to the Light
of Christ Jesus, I should have seen long since
and I do most sincerely repent, and implore'
thj- forgiveness.'
Some time after, she remarked to her huS'
band, that though a little shade had been'
permitted, it was all withdrawn; and that
she again felt the showers of heavenly love,
descending as before ; and said, that it wa^
no wonder that she should seem unable tc
enter a state of blessedness, whilst that re-
mained to be done.
In the course of the night, she fervently sup-
plicated thus: ' O, gracious Father! be Thou
pleased to help me in this trj'ing hour; and
be near to support, and preserve me from
bringing any shade upon thy holy Truth;'
adding soon after: 'I believe Thou wilt noti
leave me, nor forsake me, unto the end.'
On another occasion, she said : ' O, my dear
sister! help me to praise the Lord: for He,
has given me the victory over death, hell
and the grave!' And during the remaining
time of her continuance in this state of exis-
tence, it appeared as if all was joy and peace;
not interrupted even by bodily suffering.
Between five and six o'clock of the afternoon
she died, and when so weak that articulation
was difficult, she bore a last and consoling testi
mony to her love to the blessed cause of Truth;
expressing her willingness to give up all things
if it might in any way be promoted thereby,
Then inquiring what time it was, and being
told it was six o'clock, she emphatically said:
Within two hours the end will come.' Soon
afterwards, she seemed to fiiU into a slumber,
from which she did not appear to arouse; but
gradually became weaker, till about a quarter
past seven o'clock, when she ceased to breathe ;
and her redeemed and liberated spirit ascend-
ed, no doubt, to the place prepared for it, in
that glorious kingdom, of the joys of which I
she had been permitted such a precious fore-' (
taste.
Her remains were interred in Friends' bu rial-
THE FRIEND.
331
round, in York, in ihc 16lh of tho 12th mo.,
><2'7, after a lari/o and solemn meetincr. Siio
•as in the 35th year of her age.
For " The Friend."
Sufferings of a Lost Man.
(Cuniinued from page 323.J
"Failing to alarm the animal, which now
egan to make the circuit of the tree, as if to
elect a spot for springing into it, I shook,
?ith a strength increased b}' terror, the slon-
er trunk until every limb rustled with tho
lotion. All in vain. Tho terrible creature
arsued his walk around the tree, lashing tho
round with his tail, and prolonging his howl-
Qgs almost to a roar. It was too dark to see,
ut the movements of the lion kept me ap-
rised of its position. Whenever I heard it
n one side of the tree I speed! 1}' changed to
he opposite — an exercise which in my weak-
ned state, I could onlj' have performed under
he impulse of terror. All my attempts to
Tighten it seemed unavailing. Disheartened
,t its persistenc}', and ex])ecting every mo-
aent it would take the deadl}' leap, I tried to
ollect my thoughts, and prepare for the fatal
neounter which I knew must result. Just at
his moment it occurred to mo that I would
ry silence. Clasping the trunk of the tree
'vith both arms, I sat perfectly still. The lion
it this time ranging round, occasionall}^ snuf-
ing and pausing, and all the while filling the
^voods with the echo of his bowlings, suddenly
raitated my example. This silence was more
rerrible, if possible, than tho clatter and crash
i)f his movements through the brushwood, for
low I did not know from what direction to
sxpect his attack. Moments passed with me
ike hours. After a lapse of time which I
bannot estimate, the boast gave a spring into
i;he thicket and ran screaming into the forest.
\Iy deliverance was eff^'Cted.
, Had strength permitted, I should have kept
uy perch till daylight, but with the conscious-
aess of escape from the jaws of tho ferocious
Druto came a sense of overpowering weakness
which almost palsied me, and made my de-
scent from the tree both ditHcult and danger-
Dus. Incredible as it may seem, I lay down
in my old bed, and was soon lost in a slum-
ber so profound that I did not awake until
after day light. The experience of the night
seemed like a terrible dream ; but the broken
limbs which in the agony of consternation I
had thrown from the tree, and the rifts made
in the fallen leaves by my visitant in his
circumambulations, were too convincing evi-
dences of its realitj-."
On tho day succeeding this night of peril,
one of those dreary storms of mingled snow
and rain which are frequent in that region
set in, and increased greatly the sufferings of
poor Everts. He could find no better shelter
than the spreading branches of a spruce tree,
under which covered with earth and boughs,
he lay for two days, during which tho storm
continued. While thus exposed, and suffering
from cold and hunger, a little benumbed bird,
not larger than a snow-bird hopped within his
reach. He instantly seized and killed it, and
after plucking its feathers ate it raw and
found it a delicious morsel. Tho narrative
continues : "Taking advantage of a lull in the
elements on the morning of tho third day, I
rose early and started in the direction of a
large group of hot springs which were steam-
ing under the shadow of Mount Everts. The
distance I travelled could not have been less
than ten miles. Long before I reached tho
wonderful cluster of natural caldrons, tho
storm had recommonced. Chilled through
with my clothing thoroughly saturated, 1 la}'
down under a tree upon the heated incrus-
tation until completely warmed. My heels
and the sides of my feet were frozen. As soon
as warmth had permeated my system and I
had quieted my ap]ietite with a few thistle-
roots, I took a survej' of mj- surroundings,
and selected a spot between two springs, sufli-
cientl}' asunder, to afford heat at my head and
feet. On this spot I built a bower of pine
branches, spread its incrusted surface with
fallen foliage and small boughs, and stowed
m3'8elf away to await the close of the storm.
Thistles were abundant, and I had fed upon
them long enough to realize that they would,
for a while at least, sustain life. In convenient
proximity to my abode was a small, round,
boiling spring, which I called my dinner pot,
and in which, from time to time, I cooked my
roots.
This establishment, tho best I could impro-
vise with the means at hand, I occupied seven
days — the first three of which were darkened
by one of the most furious storms I ever saw.
The vapor which supplied me warmth satu-
rated my clothing with its condensations. I
was enveloped in a j^erpotual steam-bath. At
first this was barely preferable to the storm,
but I soon become accustomed to it, and be-
fore I left actually enjoyed the steaming.
I had little else to do during my imprison-
ment but cook, think, and sleep. Of the
variety and strangeness of my reflections it
is impossible to give the faintest conception.
Much of my time was given to devising means
for escape. ***;!--
Nothing gave me more concern than the
want of lire. I recalled every thing I had
over read or heard of the means by which fire
could be produced; but none of them were
within my reach. An escape without it was
simply impossible. It was indispensable as a
protection against night attacks from wild
boasts. Exposure to another storm like the
one just over would destroy my life, as this
would have done, but for the warmth derived
from the springs. As I lay in my bower
anxiously awaiting the disappearance of the
snow which had fallen to the depth of a foot
or more, and impressed with the belief that
for want of fire I should be obliged to remain
among the springs, it occurred to mo that I
would erect some sort of monument, which
might at a future day, inform a casual visitor
of the circumstances under which I had per-
ished. A gleam of sunshine lit up the bosom
of the lake, and with it the thought flashed
upon my mind that I could with the lens from
my opera-glasses, get fire from Heaven. Oh,
happy, life-renewing thought! Instantly sub-
jecting it to tho test of experiment, when I
saw the smoke curl from the bit of dry wood
in my fingers, I felt, if tho whole world wore
offered me for it, I would cast it aside before
parting with that little spark. I was now the
happy possessor of food and fire. These would
carry me through. All thoughts of failure
were instantly abandoned. Though the food
was barely adequate to my necessities^a fact
too painfully attested by my attenuated body
— I had forgotten the cravings of hunger, and
had the means of producing firo. I said to
myself, " I will not despair."
My stay at the springs was prolonged
several days by an accident that befel me on
tho third night after my arrival there. An
unlucky movement whiltj asleep broke the
crust on which I reposed, and the hot stream,
pouring upon m}' hip, scalded it severely bo-
i'oro I could escape. This now affliction, added
to my frost bitten feet, already festering, was
the cause of frequent delay and unceasing
pain through all my wanderings. After ob-
taining firo, I set to work making prepara-
tions for as early departure as my condition
would permit. I had lost both knives since
parting from the compan}-, but I now made
a convenient substitute by sharjiening the
tongue of a buckle which I took from my
vest. With this I cut the legs and counters
from my boots, making of them a passable
pair of slippers, which I fastened to my feet
as firmly as I could with strips of bark. With
tho ravellings of a linen handkerchief, aided
by tho use of the buckle-tongue, I mended my
clothing. Of the same material I made a fish-
lino, which, on finding a piece of red tape in
one of my pockets better suited to the pur-
pose, I abandoned as a "bad job." I made
of a pin that I found in my coat a fish-hook,
and, by sewing up tho bottoms of my boot-
legs, constructed a very good pair of pouches
to carry my food in, fastening them to my
belt by the straps.
Thus accoutred, on the morning of the
eighth da}' after my arrival at the springs I
bade them a final farewell, and started on my
course directly across that portion of the neck
of tho ))eninsula between me and the south-
east arm of Yellowstone Lake. It was a beau-
tiful morning. The sun shown bright and.
warm, and there was a freshness in the at-
mosphere truly exhilarating.
As I wandered musingly along, the con-
sciousness of being alone, and having sur-
rendered all hope of finding my friends, re-
turned upon mo with crushing power. I felt
too that those friends, by the necessities of
their condition, had been compelled to aban-
don all efforts for my recovery. Tho thought
was full of bitterness and sorrow. I tried to
realize what their conjectures were concern-
ing my disappearance ; but could derive no
consolation from tho long and dismal train of
circumstances they suggested. Weakened by
a long fast, and the unsatisfying nature of the
only food I could procure, I knew that from
this time onward to tho day of my rescue, my
mind, though unimpaired in those perceptions
needful to self-preservation, was in a condi-
tion to receive impressions akin to insanity.
[ was constantly travelling in dream-land, and
indulging in strange reveries such as I had
never before known. I seemed to possess a
sort of duality of being, which, while con-
stantly reminding me of the necessities of my
condition, fed my imagination with vagaries
of the most extravagant character. * * *
A change in the wind and an overcast sky,
accompanied by cold, brought with them a
need of warmth, I drew out my lens and
touchwood, but alas! there was no sun. I sat
down on a log to await his friendly appear-
ance. Hours passed ; he did not come. Night,
cold freezing night, set in and found me ex-
posed to all its terrors. A bleak hill-side,
sparsely covered with jiincs, af^'orded poor ac-
commodations for a half-clad, famishing man.
I could only keep from freezing by the most
active exertion in walking, rubbing, and strik-
ing my benumbed feet and hands against the
logs. It seemed the longest and most terrible
night of my life, and glad I was when the ap-
332
THE FRIEND.
proaching dawn enabled mo to commence
retracing my steps to Bessie Lake. 1 arrived
there at noon, built my first fire on the beach,
and remained by it recuperating for the suc-
ceeding two daj's."
(To be continued.)
Selected.
FAITH.
We know not what shall be deemed best
While passing through
This life below, for that of rest
We have in view.
The chosen path for man's weak mind,
Too often tends
The thorny way, with fears behind.
Before it ends.
But wisdom shows the better way —
One, only one — •
'Tis faith in God, by night and day.
Through his dear Son.
Yes, faith supplies the inmost soul
With every good.
Direct from Him who makes it whole,
And is its food !
He's sure to feed the hungry child
Who looks above.
And asks of him in accents mild,
And trusts his love.
What though the sky be overcast !
We will not fear;
There often is a stormy blast,
But God can hear.
He loves to hear his children pray,
It has been said,
That he may "give us day by day
Our daily bread."
Should folly come and try to break
Our hold on God,
His love may see it best to take
The chastening rod.
Then, when it comes, we'll bless his name,
Without a fear
That he is still unchanged — the same,
And alwavs near.
Selected,
BE YE ALSO BEADY.
O! to be ready when death shall come,
0 ! to be ready to hasten home !
No earthward clinging, no lingering gaze.
No strife at parting, no sore amaze;
No chains to sever that earth hath twined,
No spell to loosen that love would bind.
No flitting shadows to dim the light
Of the angel pinions winged for flight,
No cloud-like phantoms to fling a gloom
'Twixt Heaven's bright portals, and earth's dark tomb.
But sweetlj', gently, to pass away
From the world's dim twilight into day.
To list to the music of angel lyres,
To catch the rapture of seraph fires.
To lean in trust on the risen One,
Till borne away to a fadeless throne;
01 to be ready when death shall come,
O ! to be ready to hasten home.
Mimetic Forms.
On the leaves of the bushes there were
many curious species of Buprostidaj, and I
struck these and other beetles off with my
net as I rode along. After one such capture
I observed what appeared to be one of the
black stinging ants on the net. It was a small
spider that closely resembled an ant, and so
perfect was the imitation that it was not until
1 killed it that I determined that it was a
spider and that I need not be afraid of it stin"--
ing me. What added greatly to the resem-
blance was, that, unlike other spiders, it held
up its two forelegs like antennse, and moved
them about just like an ant. Other species of
spiders closely resemble stinging ants; in all
of them the body is drawn out long like an
ant, and in some the maxillary palpi are
lengthened and thickened so as to resemble
the head of one.
Ant-like spiders have been noticed through-
out tropical America and also in Africa. The
use that the deceptive resemblance is to them
has been explained to be the facility it affords
them for approaching antson which they prey.
I am convinced that this explanation is incor-
rect so far as the Central America species are
concerned. Ants, and especially the stinging
species are, so far as my experience goes, not
preyed upon by any other insects. No dis-
guise need be adopted to approach them, as
they are so bold that they are more likely to
attack the spider than a spider them. Neither
have they wings to escape by flying, and gen
erally go in large bodies easily found and ap
proached. The real use is, I doubt not, the
protection the disguise affords against small
insectivorous birds. I have found the crops
of some humming birds full of small soft-
bodied spiders, and many other birds feed on
ihem. Stinging ants, like bees and wasps,
are closely resembled by a host of other in
sects; indeed, whenever I found any insect
provided with special means of defence I
looked for imitative forms, and was never dis
appointed in finding them.
Stinging ants are not only closely copied in
form and movements by spiders but by species
of Hemiptera and Coleoptera, and the resem
blance is often wonderfully close. All over
the world wasps are imitated in form and
movements by other insects, and in the tropics
these mimetic forms are endless.
It is to be remarked that the forms imitated
have always some kind of defence against in-
sectivorous birds or mammals ; they are pro
vided with stings or unpleasant odors or
flavors, or are exceedingly swift in flight ; ex-
cepting where inanimate nature is imitated
for concealment. Thus I had an opportunity
of proving in Brazil that some birds, if not all,
reject ihe Ileliconii butterflies, which are
closely resembled by butterflies of other fami
lies and by moths. I observed a pair of birds
that were bringing butterflies and dragon flies
to their young, and although the Heliconii
swarmed in the neighborhood and are of weak
flight so as to be easily caught, the birds never
brought one to their nest. I had a still better
means of testing both these and other insects
that are mimicked in Nicaragua. The tame
white-faced monkey I have already mentioned
was extremely fond of insects, and would
greedily munch up any beetle or butterfly
given to him, and I used to bring to him any
insects that I found imitated by others to see
whether they were distasteful or not. I found
he would never eat the Heliconii. He was
too polite not to take them when they were
offered to him, and would sometimes smell
them, but invariably roll them up in his hand
and drop them quietly again after a few mo-
ments. A large species of spider (JVephila)
also used to drop them out of its web when I
put them into it. Another spider that fre-
quented flowers seemed to be fond of them,
and I have already mentioned a wasji that
caught them to store its nest with. There
could be no doubt, however, from the monkey's
actions, that they were distasteful to him.
Amongst the beetles there is a family that
is just as much mimicked as the Heliconii are
d'
ainongst the butterflies. These are the Lampy-
ridffi, to which the fireflies belong. Many of
the genera are not phosphorescent, but all
appear to be distasteful to insectivorous mam-
mals and birds. I found they were invariably
rejected by the monkey, and my fowls would
not touch them.
The phosphorescent species of Lampyridse,
the fireflies, so numerous in tropical America,
are equally distasteful, and are also much,
mimicked by other insects. I found different
species of cockroaches so much like them in
shape and color that they could not be dis-
tinguished without examination. These cock-
roaches, instead of hiding in crevices and
under logs like their brethren, rest during
the day exposed on the surface of leaves, in] ;
the same manner as the fireflies they mimic.
The movements, as well as the shape and
color of the insect imitated, are mimicked. I
one day observed what appeared to be a
hornet, with brown semi-transparent wingS'
and yellow antennfe. It ran along the ground |i
vibrating its wings and antennas exactly like i.
a hornet, and I caught it in my net, believing
it to be one. On examining it, however, I
found it to belong to a widely different order.:
It was one of the Hemiptera {Spiniger lutei-
cornis, Walk.), and had every part colored like,
the hornet (Priocnemis) that it resembled. la
its vibrating, colored wing cases it departed
greatly from the normal character of the
Hemiptera, and assumed that of the hornets.
All the insects that have special means of
protection, by which they are guarded from
the attacks of insectivorous mammals and
birds, have peculiar forms, or strongly con-
trasted, conspicuous colors, and often make
odd movements that attract attention to them.
iThere is no attempt at concealment, but, on
the contrary, they appear to endeavor to make
their presence known. The long narrow wings
of theHeliconii butterflies, banded with black,
yellow, and red, distinguish them from all
others, excepting the mimetic species. The
banded bodies of many wasps, or the rich me
tallic colors of others, and their constant jerky
motions, make them very conspicuous. Bees
announce their presence by a noisy hummiug.
The beetles of the genus Calopteron have
their wing cases curiously distended, and
move them up and down, so as to attract at-
tention ; and other species of Lampyridas are
phosphorescent, holding out danger signals
that they are not eatable. The reason in all
these cases appears to be the same, as Mr.
Wallace has shown to hold good with banded
and brightly colored caterpillars. These are
distasteful to birds, and, in consequence of
their conspicuous colors, are easily known
and avoided. If they were like other cater-
pillars, they might be seized and injured be-
fore it was known that they were not fit for
food.
Amongst the mammals, I think the skunk '•
is an example of the same kind. Its white
tail, laid back on its black body, makes it very
conspicuous in the dusk when it roams about,
so that it is not likely to be pounced upon by
any of the carnivora mistaking it for other
night-roaming animals. In reptiles, the beau-
tifully banded coral snake (Elaps), whose bite '
is deadly, is marked as conspicuously as any
noxious caterpillar with bright bands of black,
yellow, and red. I only met with one other
example amongst the vertebrata, and it was
also a reptile. In the woods around Saato
Domingo there are many frogs. Some are
THE FRIEND.
333
•een or brown, and imitate green or dead
aves, and live amongst foliage. Others are
rly earth colored, and hide in holes and
iiicr logs. All these come out only at night
] I'cod, and they are all preyed upon by snates
id birds. In contrast with these obscurely
)lored species, another little frog bops about
1 the daytime dressed in a bright livery of
;d and blue. He cannot bo mistaken for any
Lher, and his flaming vest and blue stockings
lOw that ho does not court concealment. Ho
, vory abundant in the damp woods, and 1
as convinced he was uneatable as soon as 1
lado his acquaintance and saw the happy
2use of security with which he hopped about,
took a few specimens homo with mo, and
■icd my fowls and ducks with them ; but
one would touch them. At last, by throw-
ig down pieces of meat, for which there was
great competition amongst them, I managed
jentico a young duck into snatching up one
f the little frogs. Instead of swallowing it,
owever, it instantly threw it out of its mouth,
nd went about jerking its head as if trying
0 throw off some unpleasant taste.
Amongst the insects of Chontales none are
lore worthy of notice than the many curious
pccies of Orthoptera that resemble green and
ided leaves of trees. I have already described
jne species that looks like a green leaf, and
;0 much so that it even deceived the acute
enses of the foraging ants; other species, be-
longing to a closely-related genus {Pleroch-
'*-oza), imitate leaves in every stage of decay,
.ome being faded-green blotched with yellow;
nhers, resemble a brown withered leaf, the
'esemblanco being increased by a transparent
lole through both wings that looks like a
l)iece taken out of the leaf. In many butter-
:lies that resemble leaves on the under side of
'•.heir wings, the wings being raised and closed
iogether when at rest so as to liide the bright
jolors of the up|)er surface, there are similar
transparent spots that imitate holes; and
others again are jagged at the edge, as if
pieces had been taken out of them. Many
chrysalides also have mirror-like spots that
resemble holes; and one that I found hanging
from the under side of a leaf had a real hole
through it, formed by a horn that projected
from the thorax and doubled back to the body,
leaving a space between. Another insect, of
which I only found two specimens, had a
wonderful resemblance to a piece of moss,
amongst which it concealed itself in the day-
time, and was not to be distinguished except
■when accidentally shaken out; it is tho larva
stageof a species oiPhasma. — Belt' s Naturalist
in Nicaragua.
• •
Selected.
Lying on my couch at an interval of ease,
1 form a project for some work : I trace the
good effects which it ought to produce, and
say to myself: Why do wo sit still till wo die ?
I start up to find pen and paper, and at the
moment my painful complaint arrests afresh.
"While I fainting recline again, I seem to hear,
"Know, feeble worm, that oven God's work
must wait." How much activity belongs to
some natures, and that this nature is often
mistaken for grace — for God's call, time and
strensth. — Cecil.
For "Tho Fricnil."
Something more about Animnl Cliarartfr.
The extracts from a work by P. G. llam-
crton, which appeared in '-The Friend" not
long since, under the title of "Animal Char-
actor," were read with interest, though some
of tho views therein given, were at variance
with my own, on the points treated ; which
in the following remarks and incidents, writ-
ten some weeks since, I have ventured to ex-
press. Perhaps, if thought suitable, they may
bo acceptable to thej-ounger readers of " The
Friend," who feel an interest in Natur.al His-
tory, Tho short quotations given, with a few
exceptions are, as will be soon, taken from the
above named article. While uniting with the
writer in the belief that wo often form very
mistaken impressions respecting the intelli-
gence or non-intelligence of tho mere animal
creation — their apparent feelings, the motives
which seem to influence them, &c., it is not
easy for mo to believe that many persons of
refloction, have really supposed the tiger, tho
wolf, the falcon, or a'ny large carnivorous an-
imal,— merely because it has a natural desire
for flesh for food, and is led to destroy life,
consequently to inflict suffering to obtain it, —
to bo any more " cruel or blamablo" than the
smaller animals, " our pets," the bh-ds, &c.,
that feed on worms and insects. We are, it
is true, in the habit of speaking of such ani-
mals as fierce, cruel, savage, &c., — they are
very powerful, and were we to encounter
them unprotected, they viight, tear us in
pieces. But do we reallj' suppose them to be
any more seemingly cruel even, in proportion
to their size and power than our sweet little
songsters. See ono of these little charmers
tearing a locust to pieces ; which while dying,
is suffering agonies in proportion to tho per-
fection of its organization, — and which are
inflicted as pitilesslj' by its voracious mur-
derer,— equal to those endured b}^ the gentle,
graceful door of the forest, when slaughtered
by the "savage" wolf for a similar ])urpose.
But do brutes appreciate, have they any con-
ception whatever of the sufferings they in-
flict? Do wo not all suppose, that even the
man eating tiger of India, makes choice of
him, merely because his flesh is palatable to
him ? Not because he has any dislike to man,
or desire to destroy him. And we are told,
that when not hungry, and not attacked or
provoked by man, the so-called savage animals
will harmlessly pass him by. True they some-
times fiercely "fight each other; and it would
be curious to know by what motives or feel-
ings they are influenced — self-defence? re-
venge?— for surely they can have no enjoy-
ment in it. How wonderful is the endurance
of intense suffering by domesticated animals
rather than yield in acknowledged defeat.
How almost impossible is it to separate two
desperately fighting dogs; or two solf-con-
ceited lords of the poultry yard, though they
may have been fighting — as I have known
them to do — until half dead with suffering
and exhaustion, and the feathers and skin are
torn from their bleeding heads.
It may be well, in mercy possibly to some
poor brutes in future, to recall a case which
was published some years ago, where a most
effectual remedy was" found to suddenly put a
impotency, when he said, " Let me separate
those doifs !
Then
It is not well for us to cherish the habit of
dwelling too much on the faults and short-
comings of those with whom we live. It
makes us more critical than generous.
ojicning his gem of a
snutt"-box with hands " gloved in 3-ellow kids,"
ho tossed tho contents into their faces. All
potent indeed I Instantly they separated,
and ran oft' yel]iing more ])iteouslj' at this
admini.stralion to their eyes and noses, than
they had duiing all the lime they had been
tearing each other's flesh. "Our pets," the
birds, aro in like condemnation. Already this
Spring have I witnessed many a persistent
battle between our little city sparrows, as
fierce as the domestic cock.
But is not man more truJy cruel ? ^Vhat
cares ho for sufferings of which lie has a full
conception, which are inflicted on the numer-
ous varieties of animals that aro slaughtered,
not always for his need, but often merely to
gratify his fastidious taste; and some, how fre-
quently, simply for sport. And alas ! it may be
added,"ho too fights, for the destruction of his
fellow creatures — and ho is a rational being !
Yea, he has an immortal soul I P. G. H., after
speaking of "the impossibility of knowing tho
real sensations of animals," and saying, "None
of us can imagine the feelings of a tiger when
his jaws are bathed in blood, and he tears the
quivering flesh," adds, "The passion of the
great flesh-eater, is as completely unknown
to civilized man, as the passion of the poet is to
the tiger iti the jungle.(\) It is far moro than
merely a good appetite, it is an intense emo-
tion. A quite faint and palo shadow of it still
remains in men with an ardent enthusiasm
for the chase, who feel a joy in slaughter; but
this to the tiger's passion is as water to whis-
key." How does he know all this? Ho has
just said, " it is impossible to know the sensa-
tions of animals." Surely Lis comparisons
just quoted are very extravagant ; and 1 can-
not but hope for the credit of human nature,
that the sentiment convej-ed in the last is not
altogether just. While having always from
my heart adopted tho language of the purest
and sweetest of poets, when he speaks of the
chaso as a
" Detested sport I
That owes? its pleasure to another's pain."
Yet I had never supposed, — neither did I ima-
gine Cowper had, — that the lovers of this
contemptible sport, really felt any "joy in
slaughter." (The slaughter of a poor littlo
frightened fox!) But that the pleasure was
wholly in the excitement, the dash and rival-
ry', the skilful management of horses and
dogs, running at almost lightning speed, and
tho final success ; all which pleasure, neces-
sarily causes "another's pain." As to the
" tiger's passion," I am inclined to believe it
is much the same in kind as man's. Intensi-
fied of course ; just as one man's merely sen-
sual enjoyment exceeds that of another, ac-
cording to their inclination for, and cultiva-
tion of sensual or intellectual pleasures —
doubtless partly due to a natural difference.
The tiger has never been induced to cultivate
his taste for cooked meat, nor the use of a
knife and fork ; consequently he must eat raw,
bleeding flesh, and tear it with his claws and
teeth ill a manner not very refined, to render
it at all available for his food. He is very
large and powerful, and needs a big meal ; and
of course when he is liunirry, he seems to go
lungry
stop to such a battle between two dogs. Every! to his necessary preparations with great en-
effort of strength and water-drenching had , ergy and gusto. But were it not " impossible
been used to no purpose, when a dainty "Ex-|to know" tho enjoyment of each, I think we
quisite" entered the crowd that had gathered, should find that of the Esquimaux, gorman-
exciting a laugh of derision at his seeming jdizing his raw fish blubber, and of the tiger
334
THE FRIEND.
at his dinner, ■n'cre very much alike. And
what shall wo say of tho " civilized" gour
mand, gloating o'er his rich varied repast
from his '-tables groaning \^iih costly pile>
of food?" among wluch ho often finds the
favorite dish, choice rare beef — and which
while feasting upon, '• his jaws" (men have
jaws) "are bathed" in the bright red so-called
juice which is floating in tho dish. Ofttimes
too he indulges in a lunch of raw oysters,
literall}' just '■' quiverinj" from the shell.
How often have I seen refiood gentlemen
standing beside the oyster-cart, luxuriating
in this " delicious treat."
But while thus disposed to stand a little on
tho defensive in behalf of flesh-eating animals,
I think I have yet to learn that I "morally
esteem" cats for catching mice. Though we
have an uncommonly fine one in our family,
who is unquestionably a pet ; and he has some
claim to be so if any one has. Gentle, playful,
very large, very beautiful ; symmetrical in
proportion, with neat little head and ears —
tail as bushy as a grey squirrel's, and such
symmetrj' in the decorations of his rich dark
silky fur, from tho head to the feet and tip of
the tail, as to be a fit typo of the " royal f;\m-
ily;" and withal rejoices in catching mice,
whenever he lias the opportunity; which,
thanks to his watchfulness, does not often
occur, as they generally keep at a safe dis-
tance from tho premises. But in truth while
willing to give him all possible credit for
knowing what a nuisance mice are in our
dwellir)g, and for thinking it is bis duty to tiy
to rid us of them, in gratitude for kindnes.s
received, and to pay a little for his board, I
verily believe that puss io gcDoral, and he as
well, has not often even the excuse of the
tiger, — that of the calls of hunger, — for the
slaughter she commits. But that she catches
mice merely for sport, as she very seldom eats
them. Such at least has been our experience ;
and it is thought, 1 believe, that the best fed
cats are the best " mousers," having more en-
ergy and spirit probably. Our pet is as eager
in the pursuit of his prey as if he were half
famished. But he keeps the panic-stricken
little mouse he may have caught, alive and un-
injured for a long time; watching intently, and
playing with it most graceful 1}' — sitting by it,
and patting it now and then with his big soft
paw as gently as little pussdid the daflFodii, spo-
ken of in tho extracts, — hardly rumpling a
hair. But when the poor wee thing, presuming
upon this tender treatment, ventures to start
for a run, quickly he gives chase, seizes it in his
mouth, and holds it lor awhile, hut as tenderlj-
as mamma puss does her baby kitten ; gently
he releases it again, and wliile the subdued
little prisoner, quietly cuddles up close to the
wall, down he throwshimself at his full length
— no trifle — upon the floor, with outstretch-
ed limbs, and an air the most, thoroughly a
I'abandon, as saucily tossing back his head, he
turns his twinkling eyes — speaking an ecstac}'
of delight — alternately upon his captive and
mo. They sometimes escape from him ; then
soon succeeding his seeming nonchalance,
comes tribulation ; as while running to and fro,
peeping behind doors, under furniture, &c.,
ho has a mournful glance for all whom he
meets, and the scorning appeal in his plaintive
cry of, " what has gone with my mouse !"
Yet while thus casting doubts upon tho mo-
rale, or oven the hunger-promptings in seek-
ing for mice, 1 cannot unite with '-all who
have written upon cats," that the idea of their
being affectionate "is an illusion." Whj-
should we suppose their apparent love for us
"bears reference simply to themselves," any
more than that of other brutes?
(To be coDtinued.)
For "The Friend."
"The Harvest is ready, bnt who is to gather it."
Our late Yearly Meeting was, to many, a
season of profitable instruction ; tho ovdence
having been granted from time to time,
during its several sittings, that He who has
been the Helper of His people in every age,
condescended to unite and comfort tho meet-
ing in many of its weighty deliberations, be-
yond anything of which we are worthy. The
attendance was large on 3rd, 4th and 5th
days; and an increasing interest in the wel-
fare of the body was evinced, by a larger
number of young men, and youths from the
country, being present than had been witness-
ed for several years. Amid the many causes
for discouragement, which in part have their
origin in tho small number of faithful laborers,
so few having submitted themselves to tho
j'oko and discipline of the cross, which can
alone fit them for u.sefulness in the church ;
yet, the order and earnestnessthat marked tho
deportment of this class, caused many to rejoice
in the hope that the number of watchmen and
watch women may bo increased. The com-
pany of Friends, ministers and others, from
most of tho Yearly Meetings professing with
us on this continent, a majority of whom were
exemplary in their appearance, grave and
dignified in manner, was very pleasant, and
in favorable contrast with what has been ob-
served on some former occasions. Though it
is well understood, a number of the strangers
then with us, some of them occupying tho
station of ministers, approved of the irregu-
larities adopted in their respective meetings,
tending, it is to be feared, to a mere conven-
tional belief, yet, I cannot but think, a much
larger number represented those who are en-
deavoring to be faithful in the various meet-
ings to which they belong, and who are strug-
gling according to their measure, to restore
tho beauty and propriety that once character-
ized Friends in those parts. Their presence
among us had tho eftect to bring them and
Friends here, I trust, into greater nearness, and
to awaken heartfelt longing that the number of
such may bo increased, and all in every place
who truly exemplify our testimonies and doc-
trines, enabled to stand fast in their integrity.
Thus would others be attracted to the an-
cient standard ; the former paths would be
sought, and many drawn out of the delusive
snare of substituting for tho work of Divine
grace, tho unsanctificd promptings of the
human heart, acted upon, though it may bo
by the impulses of a warm nature, and a de-
sire to bo doing something as a reformatory
icorker, and not being thoughtful to observe
the injunction that was given to some in an
early ago of the church, to tarry at Jerusalem
until they should be clothed with power from
on high. The practical danger that lies in
the path of these is self-righteousness. When
our own wills are laid in the dust, and every
emotion kept in abeyance, which is born of
the creature; when every thought looking to
our own promotion in the sight of other men
is cast out; then indeed will that infallible
Teacher become the guest of our souls, bring-
ing us into harmony with truth, and direct-
ing us in the right use of the talents commit-
ted to our care. How very many there ar'
even among those upon whom largo gift
have been conferred, and who really desii ■„
their own spiritual advancement, and the tru
welfare of all, who overlook this most esser
tial (]ualification for real usefulness.
The day is one of unusual temptation i
this direction. It is a danger more alarmin
than any other which now threatens us, b(
cause it presents a bright and easy pathwa;
of reconciliation, without coming to the crosf
and suffering His baptism of tire to rene\
our hearts. Herein only are we quickene
and made truly alive; and to such as hav'
chosen to dwell with Him in suffering, for th
perfection of their faith, will He not give unt
them beauty for ashes, and at the end of thi
race a crown of rejoicing? Many of ou
meetings in different parts of the Societ;
have passed very much under the influence o
those in membership there, who have beei
and continue to be, the causeof deep spiritua
exercise and mourning on tho part of the fev
left, a very small company indeed in eomi
places, whose hearts are so united to thai
which is spiritual and vital in religion tha'
they cannot let Quakerism go, but feel it thei
place to stand for its defence. These are t(
be deeplj' felt for, and they have the warn
sympathy and support, as far as it can be ex
tended, of upright Friends every where. Ii
some of these meetings, if not in nearly all o:
them, there may have been no -public disavowa
of tho doctrines of our early Friends; indeec
is it not asserted they occupy the same/uniia-
mental ground ; but where members are led tc
adopt radical changes in religious practice
setting aside some of our most important tea-
monies, is it not clear they have forsaken the
Spirit which wrought conviction upon the
hearts of our predecessors, that it was a ne
cessary part of their Christian duty to observe
them. This is the oft'ence, ''they have for-
saken Me, the Fountain of living waters, and
hewn out to themselves cisterns, broken eiS'
terns, that can hold no water."
Oh ! that Friends, all who bear the name,
could see eye to eye, and thus walk in the
shining footsteps of those humble minded, but
truly dignified men and women in tho 17th
century, who so nobly adorned that era of
church intolerance; when to uphold the uni
versality of the Light of Christ in the heart,|
and the gospel liberty inseparable therefrom,
was by no means an easy thing ; and nothing
short of the Divine Arm, and a sense in their
souls that they were sustained thereby, could
have enabled any to withstand the suffer-
ing, the obloquy, and contradiction the early
Friends underwent in behalf of these primary
religious truths. They knew of a truth, "the
work of righteousness to bo peace, and the
effect quietness and assurance forever." They
could testify when brought under true and
lasting conviction and sorrow for sin, that the
Divino Lawgiver in the heart, was as a ham-
mer there, to break in pieces its stony nature,
and to renew and change it into a heart of
flesh, bringing it as the clay in tho hands of
the potter, into conformitj' and obedience, out
of its former state of alienation and rebellion.
And as they dwelt under this Power, they
were given to see step by step, there were"
many things which their Holy Leader would
have them shun, and testify against. And
thus it is in tho Divine counsel, that some are
chosen to plead His cause, into whose mouths
are placed the gospel message of encourage-
THE FRIEND.
335
lent or warning. May we not forget their
'ise teaching, and the testimony of such as
ave truly represented them throughout our
pentful history; and in nowise embrace the
otion that is in danger of being widely re-
'eived, tliat we of the present generation, may
jDJoy the substance of their faith, without
leing conformed to them in life and practice.
Ye cannot too often recur to their example ;
nd not until wo return as penitent children,
p be formed and fashioned according to His
[rill concerning us individuall3', shall wo as a
ihurch be able to come up out of the wilder-
ess, and revive in our midst, something of
be purity and religious fervor that attended
lar early Friends, in their labor in behalf of
irimitive Christianity.
CTo be concluded.)
For "The Friend.'
The Heart of Africa, by Dr. Sehweinfurth.
(Continued from page -O'J?.)
The Monbuttoo, the most southern of the
.frican people, whom Dr. Sehweinfurth visit-
d, were the most civilized of all. Their
ountry is thickly inhabited and well culti-
ated. The plantain, cassava, sweet-potato,
am, colocasia and earth-nut are the most im-
ortant of the plants they use for food. They
•>ise no domestic animals except poultry and
bgs, but depend for their supply of animal
)od principally on hunting and fishing, and
n plundering expeditions against more south-
en tribes, who are cattle breeders. In intel-
!Ct and judgment, our author regards them
3 superior to most of the African races,
ome years before the Ivory-traders had at-
jmpted to force an entrance into their coun-
ty, but were repulsed with considerable loss,
oon after his accession to power, Munza, the
(jigning sovereign, had invited Aboo-Sammat
0 extend his trading journeys into his do-
linions, and the ivory traffic was thus cora-
Uenced under condiiions of peace, which had
'jmained undisturbed.
The country itself is described in glowing
brms : " The Monbuttoo land greets us as an
llden upon earth. Unnumbered groves of
ilantains bedeck the gentlj'-heaving soil ; oil-
alms, incomparable in beauty, and other
ionarchs of the stately woods, rise up and
pread their glory over the favored scene ;
long the streams there is a bright expanse
f charming verdure, whilst a grateful shadow
ver overhangs the domes of the idyllic huts.
'he general altitude of rtie soil ranges from
'500 to 2800 feet above the level of the sea : it
onsists of alternate depressions, along which
^le rivulets make their way, and gentle eleva-
ions, which gradually rise till they are some
'nndred feet above the beds of the streams
slow."
" This was Mohammed's third visit to the
ountry, and not only interested motives
rompted the king to receive him warmlj-,
ut real attachment; for the two had mutu-
lly pledged their friendship in their blood,
nd called each other by the name of brother.
" The 22d of March, 1870, was the memor-
ble date on which my introduction to the
ing occurred. As we approached the huts,
he drums and trumpets were sounded to their
illest powers, and the crowds of people press-
3g forward on either hand left but a narrow
assage for our procession. We bent our steps
0 one of the largest huts, which formed a
;ind of palatial hall open like a shed at both
nds. Waiting my arrival here was one of
the officers of state, who, I presume, was the
master of the ceremonies, as 1 afterwards ob-
served him jiresiding over the general festivi-
ties. This official took me by the riglit hand,
and without a word conducted mo to the in-
terior of the hall. Here, like the audience at
a concert, wore arranged according to their
rank hundreds of nobles and courtiers, each
occupying his own ornamental bench and
decked out with all his war equipments. At
the other end of the building a space was left
for the royal throne, which differed in no re-
spect from the other benches, except that it
stood upon un outspread mat; behind this
bench was placed a large support of singular
construction, resting as it seemed upon three
legs, and furnished with projections that
served as props for the back and arms of the
sitter: this support was thickly studded with
copper rings and nails. I requested that my
own chair might be placed at a few paces from
the royal bench, and there I took up my posi
tion with my people standing or squatting
behind me, and the Nubian soldiers forming
a guard around.
The hall itself was the chief object that at-
tracted mj' attention. It was at least a hun-
dred feet in length, forty feet high, and fifty
broad. It had been quite recently completed,
and the fresh bright look of the materials
gave it an enlivening aspect, the natural
brown polish of the wood-work looking as
though it were gleaming with the lustre of
new varnish. Close by was a second and
more spacious hall, which in height was only
surpassed by the loftiest of the surrounding
oil-palms; but this, although it had only been
erected five years previously, had already be-
gun to show sj-mptoms of decay, and being
enclosed on all sides was dark, and therefore
less adapted for the gathering at a public
spectacle. Considering the part of Africa in
which these halls were found, one might truly
be justified in calling them wonders of the
world; I hardly know with all our building
resources what material we could have cm-
ployed, except it were whalebone, of sufficient
lightness and durability to erect structures
like these royal halls of Munza, capable of
withstanding the tropical storms and hurri-
canes.
CTo be continued.)
Selected.
Love and Truth, whose light and blessing every reverent
heart may know,
Mercy, .Justice, which are pillars that support this Hfe
below, —
These, in .sorrow and in darknes.s, in the inmost sou
we feel,
As the sure undying impress of the Almighty's burn
ing seal.
THE FRIEND.
SIXTH MONTH 6. 1874.
wo suppose are members of the religious So-
ciet}- of Friends.
As wo entirel}' disapprove of secret socie-
ties, and of our members or others entering
into fellowship with those who are banded
and held together by undivulgcd ])romise8,
oaths or affirmations, we are unwilling to open
our columns for their promotion or defence;
nor yet to afford means for controversy re-
specting the merits of such societies. Never-
theless we do not object to let our readers
know the points upon which the author of
the essay received comments, and as they all
refer to what is contained in the extract from
"The Herald of Truth," that journal is the
ap])ropriate place for tho replj*.
The writer saj'S, ono object of the Granges
is to do away with agents or middlemen, who
come between the producer and tho consumer;
whom he declares are worse than useless, and
stigmatizes them as drones, adding only to
the expenses and burdens of societj' : except-
ing, however, merchants and manufacturers.
Another object is to add dignity to labor,
and thus increase willingness to engage in it.
Another to promote more free and general
social intercourse among farmers and their
families, and as there are high minded and
religious women among the members, to
stimulate and elevate the irreligious and the
depressed by diffusing good sentiments and
reputable association.
In reference to the oaths or affirmations
said to be taken by those who become mem-
bers of Granges, all this writer alleges is, that
bringing forward the command of our Saviour
not to swear, by the writer in "Tho Herald
of Truth," as a barrier against joining these
societies, " proves conclusively that the refer-
ences to the obligation, were made without
one single ray of light, as to its true charac-
ter;" which appears to us rather to confirm
than disprove what that writer objects to. It
is also stated that the teachings of the Bible
arc strictly adhered to in all loell regulated
Granges.
From the whole tenor of tho article wo are
confirmed in the opinion there is nothing
good to be gained by joining tho.'^e Granges,
that is not better attained bj- those who rely
simply upon leading a religious life ; that
being secret societies they are unworthy the
patronage of a christian people; that by sub-
jecting the members to concealed obligations,
whether or not enforced by oaths or affirma-
tions, they destroy free agency and tem])t to
injustice and deceit, and that it is especially
objectionable for members of our religious
Society to be connected with them.
We have received a communication dated
" Hughesville, May tho 16th," referring to an
article that appeared in the 31st number of
the current volume of "The Friend," headed
"Farmer'sGranges,"thegreater part of which
article is taken from "The Herald of Truth,"
published in Indiana by Mennonites; design-
ed to discourage their members from joining
those associations. The communication is ac-
companied by a written recommendation of
its publication, signed by four persons who
It is with sincere regret we find that the
Legislature of Pennsj'ivania has added an-
other to what are termed "legal holidays;"
this last being tho day appointed for decora-
ting the graves of the soldiers who perished
in the late war.
It is a saddening reflection that at this late
period in tho nineteenth century of the chris-
tian dispensation — which is designed to put
an end to all war and bloodshed,— and in a
community professing to believe in the re-
ligion of Jesus Christ, the Prince of Peace,
the representatives of the people should volun-
teer to take such a step; the practical effect
of which must be to cherish and propagate
tho spirit of war, by perpetuating the as-
cription of such an honor, as it is called,—
386
THE FRIEND.
childish though it really is — to the memory
of those who died while engaged in actions
springing from the lusts that war in our mem-
bers, and which are always opposed to the
benign spirit and precepts of the Saviour of
men.
But independent of the object sought to be
attained by this enactment, all experience in
both Europe and this country, demonstrates
that these legal holidays are an injury to the
community. They encourage persons of all
descriptions to break off from the various em-
ployments by which they obtain the means
necessary for the subsistence of themselves
and families, and they add greatly to the fre-
quency and power of the temptation to waste
their time, their health and their money in
idleness or degrading conviviality. Thus
■wasteful and dissipating habits are prompted
or nurtured, often betraying those who have
been steady and industrious, into practices
that mar the happiness of themselves and
families.
When will the people, or the leaders of the
people, learn that strict conformity to the re-
quirements of the gospel of Christ is the alone
way to promote the well-being of communities
as well as of individuals!
SDMMAEY OF EVENTS.
Foreign. — The struggle in Spain between the Car-
lists and Republicans remains undecided. The former
appear to be numerically weaker, but they still prolong
the contest with unyielding firmness. On the 28th nit.
a Carlist army under the immediate command of Don
Carlos, was before Hernani, eight miles south-east of
San Sebastian. Another large Carlist force was near
Estella, in the province of Navarre. The Republican
general Concha, with 25,000 men and 04 guns, was in
the vicinity. On the '24th ult. he attacked the Carlists
with part of his troops, but met with a repulse. Disease
prevails in Concha's army, and many of the men are
incapacitated thereby from service.
Diplomatic relations liave been formally resumed be-
tween Spain and Mexico by the presentation to Marshal
Serrano of the credentials of Gen. Corona as Minister
from the latter country.
The Spanish government forbids the press to attack
its financial schemes.
The French Assembly has settled the following as
the order in which the important business before it is
to be taken up: First, the municipal election bill;
second, the municipal organization bill, and third, the
general electoral bill.
The members of the Left have resolved that the mo-
tion for the dissolution of the Assembly shall be pressed,
and that overtures be made to other sections of the
chamber to secure their co-operation in this movement.
The sale and circulation of the Siecle has been pro-
hibited in several departments.
Increased activity is shown on the part of the Eona-
partists. Prince Napoleon has been nominated for the
Assembly in three Departments.
The Left Centre of the Assembly, at a meeting the
first inst., took action toward an alliance with the Right
Centre. A motion was drawn up declaring in favor of
the establishment of a Republican government which
all the members of the Lett will sign, in hope that the
Right Centre will support it when submitted to the As-
sembly.
The Bank of England rate of discount has been re-
duced to .32 per cent.
The American Pullman Palace cars are being placed
on several of the main lines of travel in England.
An editcjrial of the London Times states that last
year the .TUinunt spent in public houses was no less than
£14t). 000,000, and of this prodigious siuu about £97,-
000,000 came from working people. This expenditure
was principally for beer and alcoholic drinks.
On the 30th ult. Qcieen Victoria's birth-day was cele-
brated by the ringing of bells and military parades, &c.
In the evening London was illuminated.
Dispatches received in London from Calcuttn, state
that there is still ranch distress in India. Nearly three
millions of people were dependent upon the govern-
ment for food. Many are employed on the relief works
and others are supported by advances on sales of grain.
Rain has been general north of the Ganges, and por-
tions of the country south of the river have been visited
with rain.
The Emperor of Brazil opened the Chamber on the
5th ult. with a speech from the throne. He said he
had hopes of the conclusion of a definite treaty of peace
between Paraguay and the Argentine States, which
would put an end to the present complications.
Alluding to the relieious troubles, he declared that
the punishment of the Bishops of Olinda and Para was
necessary because they bad transgressed the laws and
constitution of the Empire. The government, by the
exercise of moderation, and with the support of the
Chambers, would, he believed, be able to terminate the
conflict between Church and State.
A Madrid dispatch of the 1st inst. says: A Spanish
frigate has arrived at Oram, Algiers, to take on board
and bring to this country, the convicts who escaped
from Cartagena at the time of the suppression of the in-
surrection in that city.
A Melbourne, Australia, dispatch of the 30th ult.
says: The ship British Admiral, from Liverpool for
this port, went ashore on King's Island, in Bass Strait,
and became a total wreck. She had on board 44 pas-
sengers and a crew of 38 men, all of whom were lost
except four passengers and five seamen. King's Island
is uninhabited and very dangerous to shipping, several
vessels having gone ashore there and become totally
lost.
London, 6th mo. 1st. — The rate of discount in open
market for three months bills is 3 per cent., which is i
per cent below the Bank of England rate. Consols 921.
Liverpool. — Uplands cotton, 8|d. a 8Jd. ; Orleans,
United States. — Miscellaneous. — The annual report
of the Common Schools of the State of Ohio, shows the
total number of pupils to be 704,017. During the year
542 school houses were built, at a cost of Sl,608,7S(i.
There are 11,094 Public School-houses in the Slate, of
the estimated value of $17,659,276. The number of
teachers employed is 21,899. The expenditures of the
year were $7,431,967.
An act of the Legislature of Oregon makes it unlaw-
ful to kill or ofTer for sale any deer, moose or elk, dur-
ing the five months preceding 7th mo. 1st, and prohibits
the killing of these animals at any time for the sole
purpose of obtaining their horns and skins.
The U. S. Senate has passed the bill from the House
of Representatives requesting the President to extend
an invitation to other nations to be represented and
take part in the International Exposition to be held at
Philadelphia under the auspices of the government of
the United States, in the year 1876, with an amendment
providing that the United States shall not be liable,
either directly or indirectly, for any expenses attend-
ing the said Exposition.
The bill for the reduction of the army, which has
passed the House of Representatives, directs the num-
ber of regiments of cavalry to be reduced to nine, artil-
lery to four, and intantry to twenty. The total number
of enlisted men is to be reduced to 25,000 before the
close of the present year.
On the first inst. the Presidentsent to the United States
Senate for confirmation the nominations of Benjamin
H. Bristow, of Kentucky, to be Secretary of the Trea-
sury, in place of William A. Richardson at the same
time nominated a Judge of the Court of Claims.
The Public Debt statement published the 1st inst.,
shows a decrease during the F'ifih month of 14,456,839.
The total debt, less cash in the Treasury, being $2,145,-
268,438. The balance in the Treasury consisted of
$81,958,979 coin, and 811,177,704 currency.
There were 282 interments in Philadelphia from the
23d to the 30th of Fifth month, including 51 deaths of
consumption, and 19 inflammation of the lungs.
The mean temperature of the Fifth month, according
to the Pennsylvania Hospital record, was 02.08 deg.,
the highest during the month 86 deg., and the lowest
38 deg. Rain during the month 2.69 inches. The
average of the mean temperature of the Fifth month
for the past 85 years, is stated to be 62.76 deg. The
highest mean during that entire period was 71 deg., and
the lowest 51.75 deg. The mean temperature of the
three spring months of 1874 has been 49.41, which is
n deg. below the average of the p.ast 85 years.
A fire in Chicago the first inst., destroyed merchan-
dise and buildings valued at $400,000.
The Markets, dec. — The following were the quotations
on the first inst. New York. — American gold, 112J.
U. S. sixes, registered, 116|i do. coupons, 121|; do.
1868, registered, llOi-; coupons, 120 § ; U. S. 5 per
cents, IIS'J. Superfine flour, $5.10 a $5.45 ; State extra,
$6 a $6.35 ; finer brands, $0.50 a $10.25. No. 1 Chicago
spring wheat, fl.50j No. 2 do., $1.45; red western,
$1.56; white Canadian, $1.02. Oats, 60\ a 66 c].
Western mixed corn, 78 a 80; white, 83 a 85 c,
Philadelphia. — Middlings cotton, 18V a 19 cts. for v.
lands and New Orleans. Superfine flour, $4.75 a $5.5j;
extras, $5.50 a $6.25; finer brands, J6.50 a $10.3.
Penna. amber wheat, $1.57 a $1.60 ; do. red, $1.5(|i
$1.55; No. 1 spring wheat, $1.40. Rye, 93 cts. a t
Western mixed corn, 80 a 82 cts. ; vellow, 82 a 83 6.
Oats, 63 a 66 cts. Sales of 2500 beef cattle at 7 J a -
cts. per lb. gross for extra ; 6} a 7 cts. for fair to goi,
and 5 a 6 cts. for common. About 7000 sheep sold i
5 a 6} cts. per lb. gross, and 5000 hogs at $8.75 a i
per 100 lb. net. Baltimore. — Choice white wheat, Sl.l;
fair to prime do., $1.50 a Si. 60 ; choice amber, Sl.GU
$1.65 ; good to prime red, $1.50 a SI. 60 ; western sprir,
$1.35 a $1.40. Southern white corn, 90 a 93 cts. : v(
low, 76 a 78 cts. Oat.s, 62 a 72 cts. Rye, $1.08 a Sl'.l.
Chicago. — No. 1 spring wheat, $1.21 ; No. 2 do., Sl.l;
No. 3 do. $1.13. No. 2 mixed corn, 56 cts. No.l
oats, 42i cts. Lard, $10.60 per 100 lbs. St. Louii.-
No. 2 winter red wheat, $1.35; No. 2 spring, $1.1.
No. 2 corn, 53 a 54 cts.
THEATRICAL AMUSEMENTS AND HOESI
RACING.
A new edition of the above named Address has bei
struck off and is now at Friends' Book Store, No. 3.
Arch street.
Friends in the country can obtain whatever numt
of copies may be needed for distribution in their reap
five neighborhoods.
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE.
Near Frankford, {Twenty-third Ward,) Philadelpku
Physician and Superintendent — Joshua H. Wom
INGTON, M. D.
Applications for the Admission of Patients may
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Board
Managers.
Died, near St. Louis, Missouri, on the 27th of Th:
mo. 1874, in the 56th year of her age, Caroline II
wife of the late George Filzwater, and daughter if
Richard and Susanna Chambers, a member of Nr
Garden Monthly Meeting, Chester Co., Pa.
, on the 25th of Fifth month, 1874, Maky 1.
wife of John W. Biddle, in the thirty-second year of If
age, a member of the Monthly Meeting of Friends f
Philadelphia for the Northern District. Being oil
cheerful and amiable disposition, she endeared hersf
not only to her immediate family, but also to a hrj
circle of friends, both old and young. Her health h\
been declining for a number of year.s, and for more ihi
twenty months past she was confined to her bed. Durlj
this period her Christian character was fully exernp-
fied by patient, humble resignation to the will of 1 r
Heavenly Father. She was often brought under -
ligious exercise on account of herself and family, dic-
ing her work might keep pace with the day ; remeiiili •
ing that " the night cometh, wherein no man can w ul'
Especially solicitous for the welfare of the lambs en •
mitted to her care, she was concerned to bring them >
in the nurture and admonition of the Lord, and v»
frequently engaged tojcommit them to the keepingt
the unslumbering Shepherd of Isr.ael. She was dos-
ous, above all other things, to realize in her own i-
perience, "the washing of regeneration, and renewij
of the Holy Ghost," and although her faith was closif
tried, she was, from season to season, enabled to trl
in the mercy and loving kindness of her holy Redeem ;
often expressing her thankfulness for the many mores
and favors received from His all-bountiful hand. ."-J
was preserved in a quiet state of mind: never cu-
plaining, or considering her situation a hard one, H
often remarked, it was all right and she would not htl
it otherwise. For some weeks before her death -3
'seemed much redeemed from the world and the thin
: thereof ; frequently expressing a desire to be rele:i~i ;
with the hope that her patience might continue tn i;
end. On the day before her departure, being scnsi i
that the final change was at h.nnd, she said iajpressive,
i" Farewell, farewell," to all who came near her. Shnr'
I before herclose she uttered, in aclear manner, " Hap] 1
j Happy ! Happy!" and soon passed peacefully aw.',
leaving her family and friends the comfortable assi-
ance that through redeeming love and mercy, she hi
been permitted to enter into that rest which is prepart
for the people of God.
WILLIAM H. PILE, PRINTER.
No. 422 Walnut Street.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. XLVII.
SEVENTH-DAY, SIXTH MONTH 13, 1874.
NO. 43.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
rice Two Dollars per annum, if paid in advance. Two
dollars and fifty cents, if not paid in advance.
SabacriptiOQS and PaymentB recelTed by
JOHN S. STOKES,
IT NO. 116 NORTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS,
PHILADELPHIA.
'oBtage, when paid quarterly in advance, five cents.
For " The Friend."
F Sufferings of a Lost Man.
(Continued from page 332.)
■ After considering the difficulties by which
ie was surrounded and the several possible
neans of escape, our explorer determined that
16 would endeavor to reach the settlements
n the Madison Valley by climbing the Madi-
ipn mountain range. This route, if practicable
ilPall, was much the shortest of any. He
lays :
"Filling my pouches with thistle roots, I
;ooli a parting survey of the little solitude
;hat had afforded me food and fire the pre-
;eding ten days, and with something of that
aelaocholy feeling experienced by one who
eaves his home to grapple with untried ad-
ventures, started for the nearest point on
Yellowstone Lake. All that day I travelled
r)ver timber heaps, amid tree tops, and through
•.hickets. At noon I took the precaution to
>btain fire. With a brand which I kept alive
oy frequent blowing, and constant waving
;o and fro, at a late hour in the afternoon,
aint and exhausted, I kindled a fire for the
light on the only vacant spot I could find
imid a dense wilderness of pines. The deep
;loom of the forest, in the spectral light which
f'evealed on all sides of me a compact and un-
i)nding growth of trunks and an impervious
lUanopy of sombre foliage ; the shrieking of
liiight birds ; the unnaturally human scream of
'.he mountain lion, the prolonged howl of the
,*olf, made me insensible to all other forms of
(Suffering."
I The burn on his hip was so inflamed that
he could only sleep in a sitting posture, with
'lis back leaning against a tree. Once during
.he night, in a fitful slumber, he fell forward
nto the fire and inflicted a severe burn on one
)f his hands. The next morning he was
iheered by bright sanshine, reached the shore
>f Yellowstone Lake before evening, kindled
\ fire on its sandy margin and had a night of
■©freshing sleep. On the following day he
•esumed his weary journey along the shore,
md at noon found the camp last occupied by
lis friends on the lake. A thorough search
or food in the ground and trees revealed
lothing, and no notice to apprise him of their
novements could be seen. A dinner fork,
vhich he afterwards found of great service in
digging roots, and a half pint tin can which
he converted into a drinking-cup and dinner-
pot, were the onl3" evidences that the spot had
been visited by civilized man. He selected
for a landmark the lowest notch in the Madi-
son range, and two days of painful effort
brought him near enough to it to discover
that it was utterly impracticable. Nothing
could be seen but an endless succession of in-
accessible peaks and precipices rising thou-
sands of feet sheer and bare above the plain.
No friendly gorge or gully or caiion invited
such an effort as he could make to scale the
rocky barrier.
He turned back sad and discouraged toward
the foot of Yellowstone Lake, and when cold
and hungry on the afternoon of the fourth
day after leaving the Madison range, he gath-
ered the first food he had eaten in nearly five
days (not finding even thistles), and lay down
by a fire near the debouchure of the river, all
hope of escape was nearly abandoned. He
however used all the little strength still re-
maining in renewed efforts to get away by
the route of the Yellowstone River valley.
About this time Everts says: "I lost all sense
of time. Days and nights came and went,
and were numbered only by the growing con-
sciousness that I was gradually starving. I
felt no hunger, did not eat to appease appetite
but to renew strength. I experienced but
little pain. The gaping sores on my feet, the
severe burn on my hip, the festering crevices
at the joints of my fingers, all terrible in ap-
pearance, had ceased to give me the least con-
cern. The roots which supplied my food had
suspended the digestive power of the stomach,
and their fibres were packed in it in a matted,
compact mass. Not so with my hours of
slumber. They were visited by the most
luxurious dreams. I would apparently visit
the most gorgeously decorated saloons of New
York and Washington ; sit down to immense
tables spread with the most appetizing viands;
partake of the richest oyster stews and plump-
est pies ; engage myself in the labor and
preparation of curious dishes, and with them
fill range upon range of elegantly furnished
tables," &c. «
At one time he found part of a gull's wing
which may have been left by some bird of
prey. He plucked the feathers, crushed the
bones, and with the aid of his tin cup suc-
ceeded in making a little soup, which he found
refreshing. At another he caught with his
hands some minnows which were swarming
in a small brook that issued from a hillside
these were eaten raw and highly relished, but
they proved unwholesome, causing sickness
and great pain. He supposed they were
poisoned by some mineral impregnation of the
water in which they lived. As the weak and
weary man persevered in the endeavor to es-
cape, still clinging to the resolve that he would
not perish in the wilderness, and still making
a little progress towards the river, daj' fol-
lowed day and nights of wretchedness suc-
ceeded each other. It was a cold gloomy day
when he arrived in the vicinity of the falls.
He says : "The sky was overcast, and the snow
capped peaks rose chilly and bleak through
the biting atmosphere. The moaning of the
wind through the pines, mingling with the
sullen roar of the falls, was strangely in uni-
son with my own saddened feelings. I had
no heart to gaze upon a scene which a few
weeks before had inspired me with rapture
and awe. One moment of sunshine was of
more value to me than all the marvels amid
which I was famishing, but the sun had hid
his face and denied me all hope of obtaining
fire. The only alternative was to seek shelter
in a thicket. I penetrated the forest a long
distance before finding one that suited me.
Breaking and crowding my way into its very
midst, I cleared a spot large enough to re-
cline upon, interlaced the surrounding brush-
wood, gathered the fallen foliage into a bed,
and lay down with a praj'er for sleep and for-
getfulness. Alas ! neither came. The coldness
increased through the night. Constant fric-
tion with my hands and unceasing beating
with my legs and feet saved me from freez-
ing."
When day began to dawn he found his limbs
so stiffened with cold as to be almost immov-
able. Fearing lest he should become wholly
paralyzed, he dragged himself through the
woods to the river, and seated near the verge
of the great caiion below the falls, anxiously
awaited the appearance of the sun. " That
great luminary," he says, " never looked so
beautiful as when, a few moments afterwards,
he emerged from the clouds and exposed his
glowing beams to the concentrating powers
of my lens. I kindled a mighty flame, fed it
with every dry stick and broken tree-top I
could find, and without motion, and almost
without sense, remained beside it several
hours. The great falls of the Yellowstone
were roaring within three hundred j'ards, and
the awful caiion yawned almost at my feet ;
but they had lost all charm for mo."
At some of the streams on his route, hours
were spent in endeavoring to catch trout, with
a hook fashioned from the rim of his spec-
tacles, but in no instance with success. The
country abounded with game, he saw large
herds of deer, elk, antelope, occasionally a
bear and many smaller animals. Ducks, geese,
swans and pelicans, inhabited the lakes and
rivers, but with no means of securing any of
them for sustenance, their presence was a per-
petual aggravation.
One afternoon he came upon a large hollow
tree which he recognized as the den of a bear.
It was a most inviting place of rest. Gather-
ing the needful supply of wood and brush, he
lighted a circle of piles around the tree,
crawled into it and passed a nightof unbroken
slumber. On rising the next morning he
found that during the night the fires had
communicated with the adjacent woods and
burned a large space in all directions, doubt-
338
THE FRIEND.
less intimidating the rightful proprietor of the
nest, and saving him from another midnight
danger.
(To be concluded.)
For " The Friend."
Memoirs and Letters of Sarali Ilillman.
(Continued from page 3J2.)
••' Cherry Hill, 7th mo. 2,2,1, 1848. * =i= *
I know not that any thing strange has hap-
pened unto us, although so sorely proved.
The disciples of Jesus of old have been ac-
counted 'turners of the world upside down,'
and have been accused of being deceivers
while yet true, they have been a poor and an
afflicted people, and been desolate and tor-
mented, yet through faith ' obtained promises,
wrought righteousness, quenched the violence
of fire, escaped the edge of the sword, waxed
valiant in fight, turned to flight the armies of
the aliens!
Let us then hold on, and hope ever, that
thus we may with those of old, through faith
overcome, and receive the end thereof, even
the salvation of our souls."
" 1849. * * * Are not all these tribula-
tions designed to wean us from sublunary en-
joyments, even those of the higher order,
which yet change ; and to induce us to flee to
the strong Tower, the refuge of the righteous
in all ages of the world ? Ah ! methinks there
are many up and down who have run to this
Tower and are safe there, though the arrows
of the arch enemy are shot thick about them ;
and at seasons these are delivered from the
noise of archers and are constrained to re-
hearse the righteous acts of the Lord in the
places of drawing water, not only towards us.
but to our fathers in days of old. And are
not such as these knit together by that which
every joint supplieth, although outwardly
separated, and enabled to s^-mpathize one
with another, yea and to bear one another's
burdens, thus fulfilling the law of Christ."
"Qthmo. 1852. * * * A stricken deer
1 feel myself, but He of whom Cowper spake,
' who drew the arrows forth from his side, and
healed and bade him live,' has in mercy con-
descended to sustain, and to the rolling wave
has said 'thus far shalt thou come,' else mj
poor soul had sunk into the abj'ss. Can it be
there ever was a time when the enemies of
Truth were more busily employecj in taunting,
and saying 'what do these feeble Jews,' etc.,
methinks not ; but as I dreamed night before
last, so 1 think awake. It matters little what
man's judgment respecting us be, if we can
only in holy confidence look up as Hagar did
to our Father in Heaven, saying, ' Thou, God,
seest me.' Since Yearly Meeting ray mind
has been satisfied that the Good Shepherd
was with us at that season, as a wall of fire
round about, preserving from the jaws of the
devourer ; and at times there has a tribute of
thankfulness arisen, I doubt not, from many
hearts unto him for his goodness to us, poor
unworthy dust as we are, and for his wonder-
ful works to the children of men. And I can-
not but believe, my beloved friend, that in the
turnings and overturnings which have been
permitted us as a people to pass under and
through, his gracious design is to do us good,
and eventually to work for the honor of his
own glorious, holy name. It is written (and
' the gifts and callings of God are without re-
pentance') 'the Lord will have war with
Araalekfrom generation to generation.' There
are many who seem willing to believe that
Amalek ia slain, the bitterness of death is
past ; they are altogether insensible that Agag
still lives and reigns, and the bleating of the
sheep and the lowing of the oxen, is not dis-
cernible by them, because their ears are un-
circumcised and they cannot hearken. Oh, 1
long for m}'self and for all of us, that we may
come down into the littleness, the abasedness
of self, where the voice of the true Shepherd
is clearly distinguished, and that He would
condescend to undertake for us, strip us, and
gird us, yea make us quick of understanding
in his fear? That we might know him as in
the days of our youth, as in the day when in
mercy infinite, ere we asked it of him, he took
us as it were by the hand and' led us up out
of Egypt. Is he not the same that ever he
was? 'The Lord, the Lord God merciful and
gracious, long-suffering, and abundant in good-
ness and truth ; keeping mercy for thousands,
forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin,
and that will by no means clear the guilty :'
yea, surely; and doubtless he will keep that
which we have been enabled to commit unto
Him, though we may have to pass through
the furnace again and again. For acceptable
men are tried in the furnace of adversity ; and
have to drink the bitter water of affliction ;
yet their King and Saviour, their Uock in
whom they trust is with them, and delivereth
them out of all their tribulations, and gives
them in the end to sing the song of victory."
"Philada.,l(ith mo.'lth,\So2. -* * * i
have been thinking some of the bitter trials
we have to pass through, known only to the
full to our dear Father in heaven, are among
the tribulations designed to work out for us a
far more exceeding and eternal weight of
glory. Let us press on, though faint, trusting
in the same Chieftain, who led his people in
days of old through the sea, who conquered
Pharaoh and his mighty host, and gave Israel
to sing on the banks of deliverance ; who sup-
ported David by his rod and by his staff, and
remains to be the King of saints, everlastingly
worth}'.
It seems to me that this people shall he
•purified : much dross and tin an(i reprobate
silver will be purged away, and after that
shall come a time when the watchmen will
hear the command upon mount Ephraim,
'Arise ye,' and have to say unto their fellows
' let us go up to Zion unto the Lord our God.'
Now many seem unwilling to believe the voice
of the Shepherd, and of course believe not his
servants; but sure as the records of Heaven
fail not, there will be a time when all will
have to bow, (may it be in the day of mercy,)
lest the unbelievers should be ground to
powder."
May our hearts cleave to him forever saith
my soul, that we may find a refuge in the day
of trouble, and having endured as seeing him
who is invisible, the storms, the adverse winds,
the deaths manj', appointed the believers in
Jesus, find anchorage ground at last in him,
the Hock immovable, the Rock of Ages, on
whom angels and arch angels, prophets and
apostles, and the martyrs of every age and
generation builded."
" ll/7t mo. 2Gth, 1853. What though many
and great are the trials and conflicts atten-
dant upon us in this day of exercise, let us
remember for our encouragement there has
no new thing happened us. Afflictions have
been the lot of the righteous from generation
to generation ; different in their nature per-
haps from those we have to endure, yet not
less trying to them, for all seem to have had
to pass through the fire and through the
water, who have known a being ' washed anc
sanctified, and justified in the name of the
Lord Jesus, and by the spirit of our God.' I
then this be the blessed effect wrought upor
each of us, my dear cousin, by our close prov
ing conflicts, bereavements and tribulations
we shall have to bless the name of Lord foi
all, for every stroke, even the severe."
No date. * * * "If He who was before
Abraham does not interpose for his people')
sake what will become of our Society? me
thinks there is great occasion for us as abilitj
is furnished to pray without ceasing, thougt
we may not be able in everything to give
thanks; yet possibly as we endeavor to pos
r^ess our souls in patience, even this also maj
be experienced in the Lord's time. And it
that day Jacob shall no more be ashamed
neither shall his face then wax pale ; but wher
he seeth his children, the work of the Lord'i
hand, in the midst, he will magnify the Name
of Israel's unslumbering Shepherd, and trus'
Him for all that is to come. Ah, my deai
friend, were it not that —
'Trials make the promise sweet,
Trials give new life to prayer,
Trials brhig us to his feet,
Lay us low and keep us there ;'
should we not in some of our varied tribula
tions, be ready to saj-, we can struggle ne
longer, and cast away the shield as though ii
had not been anointed with oil? but this
' Faitli in the dark
Pursuing its mark
Through many sharp trials of love,
Is the sorrowful waste
That is to be passed
In the way to the Canaan above,'
dear Sarah Cresson used often to say ; anc;
when I remember her, and her many tribula
tions, with many many more who have en
tered the blissful abodes of the righteous, mj
heart desires to hold fast the shield, and tha
all my dear fellow pilgrims who have come t(
put their trust under the shadow of the wingi
of Immanuel, may persevere in the way anc
work of salvation, assuredly believing we
shall reap in the end, if we faint not, a blessec
recompense."
(To be continued.)
THE FRIEND.
339
The racoon-liko " pieoti" is also fond of them,
)ut cannot so easily catch them. Ho has to
;limb eveiy tree, and then, unless he can sur-
)rise them aslee]), they drop from the branch
,0 the ground and scuttle oft' to another tree,
.once "saw a soWtav j pisoti hunting for igu-
mas amongst some bushes near the lake where
,hey were very numerous, but daring the
quarter of an "hour that I watched him, he
lever caught one. It was like the game of
''puss in the corner." He would ascend a
iraall tree on which there were several ; but
|lown thev would drop when he had nearly
reached them, and rush off to another tree.
'Master "Pisoti," however, seemed to take all
his disappointments with the greatest cool-
ness, and continued the pursuit unflaggingly.
Doubtless experience had taught him that his
perseverance would ultimately be rewarded:
that sooner or later he would surprise a cor-
pulent iguana fast asleep on some branch, or
too late in dropping from his resting place.
In the forest I always saw the " pisoti'' hunt-
ing in large bands, from which an iguana
would have small chance of escape, for some
were searching along the ground whilst others
ranged over the branches of the trees.
Other tree lizards also try to escape their
enemies by dropping from great heights to
the ground. I was once standing near a large
tree, the trunk of which rose fully fifty feet
before it threw off a branch, when a green
Anolis dropped past ray face to the ground,
followed by a long green snake that had been
pursuing it amongst the foliage above, and
had not'hesitated to precipitate itself after its
prey. The lizard alighted on its feet aud hur-
ried away, the snake fell like a coiled-up
watch-spring, and opened out directly to con-
tinue the pursuit; but, on the spur of the mo-
ment, I struck at it with a switch and pre-
vented it. I regretted afterwards not having
allowed the chase to continue and watched
the issue, but I doubt not that the lizard,
active as it was, would have been caught by
the swift-gliding snake, as several specimens
of the latter that I opened contained lizards.
Lizards are also preyed upon by many
birds, and I have taken a largi one from the
stomach of a great white hawk with its wings
aud tail barred with black { Leucopternis ghies-
breghti) that sits up on the trees in the forest
quietly watching for them. Their means of
enced naturalist before believing it, for all my
e.x])orienco has led me to the opinion that any
animal endowed with special means of protec-
tion from its enemies is alwaj-s either con-
spicuously colored, or in other ways attracts
attention, and does not seek concealment. —
Belt's Naturalist in Nicaragua.
defence are small, nor are they rapid enough
in their movements to escape from their ene-
mies by flight, and so they depend principally
for their protection on their means of conceal-
ment. The different species of Anolis can
change their color from a bright green to a
dark brown, and so assimilate themselves in
appearance to the foliage or bark of trees on
which they lie; but another tree-lizard, not
uncommon on the banks of the rivers, is not
only of a beautiful green color, but has folia-
ceous expansions on its limbs and body, so
that even when amongst the long grass it
looks like a leafy shoot that has fallen from
the trees above. I do not know of any lizard
that enjoys impunity from attack by the secre-
tion of any acrid or poisonous fluid from its
skin, like the little red and blue frog that I
have already described ; but I was told of one
that was said to be extremely venomous. As,
however, besides being said to give otf from
the pores of its skin poisonous secretion, it
was described to be of an inconspicuous brown
color, and to hide under logs, I should require
some confirmation of the story by an experi-
For "The Frioiid."
'^The Harvest is ready, but who is to gutiicr it."
(Concludi.-d from page 305.)
It is not there is less for the faithful servant
to do ; it is there are so few who are obedient
to the call, and willing to be prepared for the
work, by such means as are needed to qualif^v
them for the service allotted. And yet, such
is His power and goodness, even toward those
who have wandered far away upon the barren
mountains of an empty profession, or, perhaps,
in paths of open disobedience, that He does
sometimes reveal Himself in mercy or in
judgment with convicting authority to these,
without the intervention of any instrumental
means ; that knowing His power to be over
all the powers of darkness, will Ho not in His
own due and appointed time, open a way in
the hearts of His people, for the extension of
His kingdom and cause.
Truly we are encompassed about with many
infirmities, common to human nature, and not
the least of these, is the desire to be known
as having a part with others in their religious
undertakings; such as are actively at work,
and upon whom the public eye may be rest-
ing with favor. Their work may be within,
or it may be beyond our Society, but if it is not
of His preparing, it cannot prosper; and here-
in is the danger to which their sympathizing
fellow members arc exposed, of being led,
under excitement, to engage with them, or to
embark in something oHheir own, thinking a
blessing could not fail to rest upon a labor so
meritorious in itself It is tho Lord alone
who can appoint and qualify for any work
that is intended to promote His cause, and to
sucli as are worthy to receive His call He will
vei'ify in their experience the ancient promise :
'• Fear thou not, for I am with thee ; I will
strengthen thee, yea I will uphold thee with
the right hand of my righteousness."
Oh! if Friends had been careful in this one
thing, to abide each in his own tent, how
sweet would be our fellowship ; we should
have everywhere, been kept a united people,
and the work which was so well commenced,
of gathering souls that His name might be
maiJ-nified, would have spread. Wo should
have grown to be a spiritual landmark indeed,
one of tho greatest among the cedars of Leba-
non, under whose ample shade many weary,
worn seekers and pilgrims would have contin-
ued to come, as when we were first gathered
from among the formal professors of that da}^
I lonffor such a consummation. That it was
His design to make Friends more eminently
instrumental in carrying forward His work in
the earth, and that He will bring it to pass,
I do not doubt; if not by us, others will be
chosen. We have been abundantly favored
as a people, and blessed beyond anything we
deserve ; light an<l knowledge; a free gospel
ministry, yet upheld in many places; ample
education for all ; liberal institutions of gov-
ernment; and a generous feeling of respect and
.kindness mainiaiuod on the part of other
'professors; that we have great reason to
number our blessings, and to renew our devo-
ition to Him who has followed us in every
temptation, even when we have turned away
and dishonored his cause. Therefore, should
wc not be hopeful; not looking too much to
the sorrowful effects of our own disobedience;
but leaving the things that are behind, press
forward toward the mark for the yrv/.e, know-
ing, as we surely do, that His storehouse is
filk'd with good things, and that Ho stands
ready to dispense them. This Yearly Meet-
ing, and its faithful members, I have no doubt,
wUl always welcome honest-hearted Friends,
from whatever quarter thej' may come, re-
gardless of what may be the prevailing ten-
dency of things in a religious point of view,
in their own meetings at homo, and 1 believe
by thus putting ourselves in the way of know-
ing their trials, wo shall help them and re-
ceTve strength ourselves, and learn the better
how to temper our own spirits to make a
righteous warfare with those of our own
household, who want to be known as (Quakers,
while they would overlook the restraints of
the cross, and by specious argument, strive to
wriggle oat from under its keeping. And it is
not enough, that we should be convinced of
the value of any of our testimonies, that we
are qualified vocally to defend them, or to re-
prove a brother who may have gone astray ^
we must bo drawn thereto by a measure of
the same love wherewith we are loved by
Him who is theLight of the world. "Greater
is ho that ruleth his own spirit, than he that
taketh a city." !'• ^•
Philadelphia, ytli rao. 23rd, 1874.
■» ^
For "Th--" Friend."
Scientific Notes.
The Waves of the Sea.— In a recent lecture
at the Royal Institute, London, the lecturer
pointed out that the advance of the wave was
not necessarily or generally accompanied by
any corresponding advance of the water itself.
Large models of screws were exhibited, and
the Tecturer pointed out that when tho barrel
on which the screw was cut was simply turned
round without advancing, tho screw-thread
appeared to advance like a series of waves.
Bat when the screw worked in a nut, so that
the screw advanced, then the screw-thread re-
mained apparently at rest. In the same way,
in sea-waves which appeared to advance rapid-
ly the water had no sensible motion of ad-
vance ; while in the series of waves which are
often seen below a bridge or shoal in a rapid
river the water did advance, and the waves
stood still. What really constituted a wave
was that each particle of water should go
through the same little dance of itsown, while
the successive particles took up the dance in
regular order. There would then be a wave
or^series of waves, whether there was any
current or general movement of the water or
not.
McFarLane h.as been experimenting upon
the coloring matter used for tapers. The yel-
low and blue are harmless, being colored with
chromato of lead, and ultramarine respectively.
The red and green are highly poisonous, the
former containing vermilion and the latter
arsenious acid, which are dissipated in burn-
inn- and their dangerous fumes liable to bo
inhaled.
A natural deposit of Glauber's salts has re-
cently been discovered in the Caucasus. In
the trial hole that was sunk, tho first foot
furnished marl, then gray moist clay 2i feet,
dark gray bituminous salty clay 9 in., and
pure Glauber's salts bored into 5 feet.
340
THE FRIEND.
E. Matbieu and V. Urbian have found that
when the serum of blood is completely freed
from ga8, an albuminous liquid is obtained
which does not coagulate even at the boiling
point of water. They show that carbonic
acid is the agent which effects the coagula-
tion of albumen under the in^uence of heat.
The stimulating and ton4c effect of coffee
alone is well-known, also the value of milk
alone as an aliment. Moigno states that when
mixed they form an indigestible compound.
He attributes this to the fact that coffee is
rich in tannin, and that its mixture with milk
transforms the albumen and caseine into a
leathery substance similar to that formed by
placing skins of animals in a tan vat.
The Giant Puff-ball (Lycoperdon giganfeum),
is said to be ono of the best of the edible mush-
rooms. It should bo eaten while j'oung and
white — before it has perfected its spores. Re-
cently, some of the spores were accidentally
swallowed, and in an hour and a half after-
wards, a sharp attack of illness with violent
pains, followed, which did not yield till the
ninth day. Medical authorities thought that
the irritation was kept up by the spores.
A writer in the Revue Industrielle, has been
.-making an analytic study of that colossal
literary work (probably the largest in the
world) the Specifications of Patents for Inven-
tions, published by the Eoyal Commission of
English Patents since the year 1617. It con-
tinues increasing at the rate of about 10 blue
covered parts daily. The total number of
specifications from 1617 to 31st 12th mo. 1870,
is 72,586 ; the whole forming 2,533 thick 8vo'.
volumes, with a value of £2,4-48. In 1862
there was a change in the patent law ; patents
must thereafter apply to a single determinate
invention ; previously one patent might have
several applications. During the first period
of 235 j-ears, the number of patents taken out
was 20,669; and in the period 1862-69 it rose
to 138,665 ; giving the enormous total of 159,-
33-1. Some curious facts appear on examin-
ing the classifications. There are some sub-
jects that attract the attention of inventors in
a constant way ; such are apparatuses of pre-
caution against accidents ; they have furnished
1,.347 patents. Improveipents in brushes fur-
nish 1,062; fire-arms, 1,877. The manufac-
ture of needles properly dates from 1650 ; and
the first patent relative to this useful imple-
ment has the date 1755. Notwithstanding
the numerous improvements attested by 212
patents, the polishing (a process which vic-
timises so many), continues to be done in
Sheffield pretty much as in the past. The
manufacture of pins dates from 1543, and the
first patent is in 1795. Aeronautical science
occupies a whole volume of the index; 91
patents refer to it. Artificial arms and legs
date back to a patent of 1700, taken out by
one Mann, of Alsacian origin. Machines for
manufacture of tobacco furnish a contingent
of 393 patents ; lighting, 404 ; printing presses,
1,949; railway carriages 3,254; paper manu-
facture, 1,480; gutta-percha and caoutchouc,
1,927; gas apparatus, 1,091; electric machines,
1,010 ; telegraphy, 1,027 ; wheelwrights' work,
1,207; weaving, 5,009 ; spinning, 4,155 ; smoke
consuming apparatus, 1,733 ; railway signals,
1,283 ; metallurgy, 6,217 ; steam engines, 3,197 ';
boilers, 2,367 ; machines of compressed air, 91 ;
and motor machines in general, 4,233.
Selected,
THE CHILD'S HEART.
The young child's heart ! Oh ! there is nought
So full of Heaven on earth below,
With its clear depths of earnest thought,
Its pure affection's ardent glow;
Its artle,«s trust, its cloudless glee,
Its guileless truth, its fancy free.
* * * *
Fell not the tenderest blessing spoken
By holiest Lips, on childhood's head ?
When to His own the unerring token
Those sacred lips announcing said, —
" Who seeks me not with childlike heart,
Hath in my Heavenly Realm no part."
Childhood, that boasts not to be wise
Beyond its parent's word and will ;
That in its helplessness relies
On stronger strength and higher skill ;
That pillows on its mother's breast.
In its bright present safe and blest.
Childhood, whose love in love confides,
Unreasoning and unquestioning ;
Whose breast no guilty secret hides;
Whose pleasures have no serpent-sting ;
Whose every shade of look and tone,
Is language from the heart alone.
On such Thy blessing? Saviour! yes!
Of such Thy kingdom well may be —
Nought doth this fallen world possess
So near to Heaven, so near to Thee.
And none may share Thy Heaven on earth,
Till thus new-born in second birth.
Not for its free and joyous mien,
Its ringing laugh, its sunny brow —
Oh ! not for the^e, from life's stern scene
Would I return to childhood now;
But for the heart that knew not yet,
Beside the <jood the evil set, —
The heart that in a world of sin.
Kept its first innocence unstained,
Ere yet that traitor-guest within.
By conquest sure his empire gained; —
The conscience at whose lightest word
The spirit's inmost depths were stirred.
And hast thou lost, Oh ! child of toil !
'Mid earlh's low cares, this priceless gem '/
More precious than the jewelled spoil
Of loftiest monarch's diadem, —
Oh ! grudge no cost — no sacrifice
If haply to regain the prize.
And thou, whose young life's flowering spring
Must give to radiant summer place, —
Oh ! cherish well that tender thing.
And bear it onward thro' the race.
A child thou canst not be again —
The childlike heart thou may'st retain.
For 'twas for thk that Christ the Lord,
Himself a little child became;
That from our fallen birth restored,
Thro' faith in His atoning name.
The child's heart, sanctified, subdued,
Made meet his dwelling place to be,
In Christian holiness renewed
Beyond its infant purity;
Kept by His power within us here,
To Him hereafter called to .soar,
Once more that gracious word may hear, —
"Of such my kingdom evermore."
H. Bowden,
When ill reports are spread of you, live so
that nobody may believe them.
For "Die Friend."
The Heart of Afriea, by Dr. Schweinfarth.
(Continoed from page 335.)
" Posts were driven into the ground, and
long poles were fastened horizontally across
them; then against this extemporized scaffold-
ing were laid, or supported crosswise, hun-
dreds of ornamental lances and spears, all of
pure copper, and of eveiy variety of form and
shape. The gleam of the red metal caught
the rays of the tropical noontide sun, and in
the symmetry of their arrangement the rows
of dazzling lance-heads shone with the glow
of flaming torches, making a background t,
the royal throne that was really magnificentj
The display of wealth, which according tc
Central African tradition was incalculable
was truly regal, and surpassed anything o
the kind that I had conceived possible.
A little longer and the weapons are all ar
ranged. The expected king has loft his home
There is a running to and fro of heralds
marshals, and police. The thronging masse:
flock towards the entrance, and silence is pro
claimed. The king is close at hand. Thet
come the trumpeters flourishing away on theii
huge ivory horns; then the ringers swingina
their cumbrous iron bells; and now, with £
long firm stride, looking neither to the right
nor to the left, wild, romantic, picturesque
alike in mien and in attire, comes the tawnj
CtBsar himself! He was followed by a num
ber of his favored wives. Without vouchsafina
me a glance, he flung himself upon his unpre-
tending chair of state, and sat with his eye;
fixed upon his feet.
Agreeably to the national fashion a plumed
hat rested on the top of his chignon, and
soared a foot and a half above his head ; this
hat was a narrow cylinder of closely-plaited
reeds; it was ornamented with three layers
of red parrots' feathers, and crowned with a
plume of the same ; there was no brim, but
the copper crescent projected from the frout
like the vizor of a Norman helmet. The
muscles of Munza's ears were pierced, and
copper bars as thick as the finger inserted in
the cavities. The entire body was smeared
with the native unguent of powdered cam-
wood, which converted the original bright
brown tint of his skin into the color that is so
conspicuous in ancient Pompeian halls. With
the exception of being of an unusually fine
texture, his single garment differed in no re-
spect from what was worn throughout the
country; it consisted of a large piece of fig
bark impregnated with the same dye that
served as his cosmetic, and this, falling in
graceful folds about his body, formed breeches
and waistcoat all in one. Eound thongs ot
buffalo-hide, with heavy copper balls attached
to the ends, were fastened round the waist in
a huge knot, and like a girdle held the coat,
which was neatly-hemmed. The material of
the coat was so carefully manipulated that it
had quite the appearance of a rich moire
antique. Around the king's neck hung a coj)-
per ornament made in little points which
radiated like beams all over his chest; on
his bare arms were strange-looking pendants
which in shape could only be compared to
drumsticks with rings at the end. Halfway
up the lower part of the arms and just below
the knee were three bright, horny-looking
circlets cut out of hippopotamus-hide, like-
wise tipped with copper. As a symbol of his
dignity Munza wielded in his right hand the
sickle-shaped Monbuttoo scimitar, in this case
only an ornamental weapon, and made of
pure copper.
As soon the the king had taken his seat,
two little tables, beautifullj^ carved, were
placed on either side of his throne, and on
these stood the dainties of which he continu-
ally partook, but which were carefully con-
cealed by napkins of fig-bark; in addition to
these tables, some really artistic flasks of por-
ous clay were brought in, full of drinking
water.
Such was Munza, the autocrat of the Mon-
buttoo, with whom I was now brought face
THE FRIEND.
341
0 face. He appeared as the type of those
lall'-mythieal potentates, a species of Mwata
lanvo or Great Makoko, whose names alone
jiave penetrated to Europe, a trul}' savage
inonarch, without a trace of anything Euro-
lean or Oriental in his attire, and witti noth-
ng fictitious or borrowed to be attributed to
lim."'
After some conversation with his European
•isitor, and the reception of presents, the
nonarch entertained the stranger by musical
-lerformances, both instrumental and vocal,
iiul by the tricks of professional jesters, like
.he court fools of the middle ages of European
nistory. He afterwards delivered an oration,
Vhich was loudly applauded by the audience
One of the most remarkable things in the
labits of the Monbuttoo, and especially so
Then we consider the degree of civilization
ibey have attained to, is the prevalence among
hem of cannibalism. Of this, Dr. Schwein-
arth remarks: '' The cannibalism of the Mon-
rattoo is the most pronounced of all the known
lations of Africa. Surrounded as thej' are by
b number of people who are blacker than
iheraselves, and who, being inferior to them
n culture, are consequently held in great con-
empt, they have just the opportunity which
I hey want for carrying on expeditions of war
tr plunder, which result in the acquisition of
k booty, which is especially coveted by them,
'iODsisting of human flesh. The carcases of
ill who fall in battle are distributed upon the
mttle-field, and are prepared by drying for
ransport to the homes of the conquerors.
Incontrovertible tokens and indirect evi-
ienees of the prevalence of cannibalism were
I'.onstantiy turning up at every step we took.
On one occasion Mohammed and myself were
n Munza's company, and Mohammed de-
iiignedly turned the conversation to the topic
';)f human flesh, and put the direct question to
hhe king how it happened that just at this
)recise time while we were in the country
here was no consumption of human food.
Junza expressly said that being aware that
uch a practice was held in aversion by us, he
lad taken care that it should onl}' be carried
m in secret.
The numerous skulls now in the Anatomi-
lal Museum in Berlin are simply the remains
if their repasts which 1 purchased one after
mother for bits of copper, and go far to prove
hat the cannibalism of the Monbuttoo is un-
urpassed by any nation in the world. But
vith it all, the Monbuttoo are a noble race of
aen ; men who display a certain national
)ride, and are endowed with an intellect and
udgment such as few natives of the African
vilderness can boast; men to whom one may
rat a reasonable question, and who will return
I reasonable answer. The Nubians can never
ay enough in praise of their faithfulness in
riendly intercourse and of the order and
lability of their national life. According to
he Nubians, too, the Monbuttoo were their
npcriors in the arts of war, and I often heard
he resident soldiers contending with their
!ompanions and saying, ' Well, perhaps you
ire not afraid of the Monbuttoo, but 1 confess
hat I am ; and I can tell you they are some-
hing to be afraid of.'
To those who brought the skulls, I thought
t expedient to explain that we wanted them,
0 that in our far-oft" country we could learn
ill about the people who dwelt here, and that
ve were able, from the mere shape of the
lead, to tell all about people's tempers and
dispositions, their good qualities and their
bad; and that for this purpose wo gathered
skulls together from ever}' quarter of the
globe. When the Khartoomers saw that the
collection was now going on for a second
year, they were only the more confirmed in
their belief that I submitted them to a certain
process by which I obtained a subtle poison.
From the more dense and stupid natives, the
idea could not be eradicated that 1 wanted
all the bones for my food."
The Niam-Niams who live to the north of
the Monbuttoo, are also addicted to cannibal-
ism, but not to the same extent as their
southern neighbors. The other African tribes
with whom our author came in contact, look
upon the practice with detestation.
For "The Friend."
The Seed of the Kingdom in Man.
There surely cover was a daj^ wherein the
minds of Friends needed more to be turned to
the solid, weighty consideration of the follow-
ing apophthegm by Kobert Barcla}', in refer-
ence to the seed of God and the things of the
kingdom. For while man may put human
reason in the place of heavenly light, and maj-
apprehend in an outward, notional way a
knowledge of God and s])iritual things; it is
at the same time highly important to remem
ber the testimony of Holy Scripture: "The
natural man receiceth not the things of the
Spirit of God: for they are foolishness unto
him : neither can he know them, because they
are spiritually discerned." And, " In that
hour Jesus rejoiced in spirit, and said, I thank
thee, O Father, Lord of heaven and earth,
that thou hast hid these things from the wise
and prudent, and hast revealed them unto
babes: even so, Feather; for so it seemed good
in thy sight." " Indeed," says R. Barcla3' in
his Apology for the Ti'ue Christian Divinity,
" the great cause of the apostacy hath been,
that man hath sought to fathom the things of
God, in and by the natural and rational ])rin-
ciple; and to build up a religion in it, neglect-
ing and overlooking this principle and seed of
God, in the heart : so that herein, in the most
universal and catholic sense, hath anti-Christ
in every inan, set up himself, and sitteth in the
temple of God, as God, and above every thing
that is called God. For man being the temple of
the Holy Ghost, as saith the apostle, 1 Cor.
iii. 16, when the rational princi|ile sets up
itself there above the seed of God, to reign
and rule as a prince in spiritual things, while
the holy seed is bruised and wounded, there
is Aidichrist in every man, or somewhat exalted
above and against Christ."
For "The Friend."
Something more about Animal Character.
(CODtinaed from page 334 )
The dog is acknowledged to be an excep-
tion to all others, in his unmistakable self-
sacrificing love for his master under most cir-
cumstances. Yes, and a noble example is he
often to the master, man himself; but whenever
I have had opportunity of observing, the dog
is the pet, much more than the cat. He is
owned and valued by his master, provided
with comfortable quarters, more carefully fed,
treated with much more respect, and is much
more noticed than the cat ; while poor puss is
much oftener left to shift for herself. And
why it should be taken for granted that a
cat's "caressing ways" are purely selfish is
not very apparent — nor why a dog's may not
be partly so as well ; they show no love for
strangers, generally much the reverse. Who
does not lovo most, where kindness and love
are bestowed ujion them ? And where/ore, wo
would ask, should the cat love a dog or a horse
with "a more tender sentiment than we have
for foot-warmers?" It is ver}' seldom, 1 im-
agine, that she has the chance of loving them
for a similar reason. Woe betide her, indeed,
should she often dare to snuggle up to the
former for cosy comfort; unless in rare cases
where they have been playmates from their
babyhood. And how does the dog show his
love for the cat ? By snarls and growls, snatch-
ing her food from her, and the delight he takes
in chasing and tormenting her? And the
horse — he perfectly ignores her — kindly sees
her not. It is well known that the dog too
delights in "foot-warmer" comforts. 1 have
seen indulged pet dogs twice the size of a cat,
bound unbidden into the lap of their master
or mistress, or any one who would kindly per-
mit it — is it love induces them to do this?
yes, just the same as prompts the cat — the
love of being in a waim, cozy place. And I
believe if he were encouraged he would seek
it as often as the cat; and huge fellows where
the}' are acquainted, will come bumping up
against one to be patted and stroked, just
because it feels good to them. In short I do
believe that puss feels an affection for her
friends. Our pet does not care often to be
taken into the lap; (therefore he does not love
us as " foot-warmers") this may be because he
is seldom indulged in that way, as he would
probably enjoy a soft warm place to lie in as
well as any other cat, or as the dog, and he
gives sufficient evidence in other ways of loving
all who are kind to him. It is not 1 who take
the charge of feeding him, but I have taken
that of chastising him for any misdemeanor,
and have repeatedly switched him pretty
sharply; which he patiently submits to with-
out scolding or scratching, — though I hold
him fast the while, — only uttering a low,
mournful " mou" of entreaty ; and he seems
to love me as well as if I did nothing but pet
him and give him danties. It is true I sel-
dom meet him with(^t giving him a kind
word or two, with often a few strokes or pat
on the head. He follows me about the house,
runs to me when he hears my voice, welcom-
ing me with the low trilling "cur-r-r!" with
which mamma puss greets her kitten when
she frisks into her arms ; loving to be near me
ap|)arenlly, purring softly as he arches his
back and looks dreamily into my face, now
and then, while he walks round close at my
feet ; his demonstrations as expressive as those
of the dog, but different; and wo have yet
to understand wh}- it is to be taken for granted
that one is less sincere than the other.
We have said it is impossible to under-
stand the feelings of animals — the cat as well
as many others. The}^ evincing an intelligence
at times so nearly allied to reason it is diflS-
cult to ascribe it to any other power. For
instance, when I first gave our cat the oppor-
tunitj' of seeing his reflection in a mirror, he
took it for another cat ofcourse — was startled,
first inclined to run off, and then to attack it.
This was the ca^e for a few limes on allowing
him to repeat his visits to the glass. But he
soon appeared to come to the conclusion that
it was a mystery he could not understand,
and though not frightened, it seemed for a
time to make him uneas}' ; he would not look
at either himself or me, and struggled to get
342
THE FRIEND.
away from me. But now one might think it
oifended his dignity, for no longer excited by
it, ho condescends to take one look while
making a quiet effort to get away, with an air
that seems to say — " Oh that is an old story,
now let me get down." (It is probable most
cats may act thus.) Some days since how-
ever, I held him close to the glass until his
face touched his image — perfectly unmoved
by this — but suddenlj', while in this position,
catching a sight of the reflection of the white
draperies hanging on the bed cornice, not seen
at first, he quickly turned his head round
behind, looking brightly over my shoulder at
the real thing with which he was familiar;
then taking a peep back into the mirror, with
a perfectly satisfied air, seemed to put thing
and thing together, and at once wanted quietly
to get down from my arms. AYhat novv are we
to suppose passed through his brain, during the
witnessing of these several mj'sterious appear-
ances in the glass? Why should he not have
continued to thini;, as he natui-ally did at first,
that there was another catsomewhere behind ?
He did not know his own face, but he knew
mine, and could recognize mj- whole person ;
and with the exception of the face, his own
form was familiar enough, with the beautiful
fur coat he had so often curried and polished.
Who knows then but that he had come to
reason thus ?— " That somebody in there, looks
just the same as my mistress — the cat in her
arms has a coat on the very same as mine,
and they both move at the very instant, and
in the same manner that we do — and I do just
believe that they are the images of her and
me." Having thus some time before arrived
at this logical conclusion, when on the last
occasion ho unexpectedly saw so large an ob-
ject as a white curtained bedstead ])recisely
like the one behind him, he quickly' turned
round to look for further confirmation to his
former conclusion ; was then satisfied, ready
to dismiss the matter, and retreat.
A young cat we once had, apparently saw
her own reflection for the first time in a large
black waiter, the bright polished surface of
which made a pretty good mirror. It was
leaning up against tl* wall under a table in
the room where she was capering about. The
instant she saw the kitten in the waiter, she
bounded up to have a good time with the new
come playmate ; but rlefeated and bewildered
for a time, soon she concluded that little puss
was on the other side — and then went, cau-
tiously at first, round behind ; only to be dis-
appointed and come back amazed, on finding
the vision still in the same place ; gazed
awhile, then dashed behind quickly, to make
sure of catching the slippery little sprite —
trying this several times to no purpose until
utterly confounded, she seemed to take the
mysterious matter into grave consideration ;
and who shall say, she may not like a rational
being have reasoned upon it thus — '• If there
is a kitten behind tiiere, I surely can feel her
with my paw, if I can but stand where 1 can
reach her, at the same time that I can see her
face." For after pondering awhile, she de-
liberately walked up and stood bj- the very
edge of the waiter, where by a little stretch-
ing of her neck she brought her face round in
front, and could see the reflection of it, at the
same moment, — which doubtless she knew, —
that she was extending her arm, let it be
called, on the under side far beyond the head
she was so brightly gazing at. it did not take
long to accomplish, and come to a decision '
relative to these explorings in the dark ; but
what conclusions with regard to the mystery,
this little searcher after truth, arrived at, we
shall never be informed. It was evident how-
ever, that her exjaeriment was entirely satis-
factory to herself; for she very soon quietly
withdrew, and never from that time con-
descended to notice the cat in the waiter. It
was to me a most interesting exhibition. And
I believe, could we suppose a child of even
ten years of age to have been so situated, as
never to have seen or heard of such reflec-
tions, we should consider it evidence of a
bright inquiring mind should he act thus, on
first witnessing his own.
We once had a tame canary bird, who was
allowed his liberty in the room W'ilh us, and
seemed much to enjoy amusing himself in
various ways : sitting upon the head, and
pulling at our hair — or picking at a crumb
held towards him in the mouth, while he
rested on our shoulder. But one of his great-
est delights appeared to be the gazing at him-
self in the looking glass. The first time he
saw his reflection, there is no doubt he took
it for another bird. When however this con-
elusion proved unsatisfactor}-, he would often
cling for a long time, to the edge of the lower
part of the frame, and there entertain himself
by " making faces" as children would say —
twisting his ])retty little head back and forth,
right and left, opening his mouth, gaping and
squirming his beak about in a manner ex-
ceedingly droll. Now, was this done "just
for fun ?" Or was it in part to test the mat-
ter, as the kitten did, in some measure to solve
the mystery ?
CTo be contiDUed.]
A .^o^lllern Sun-set.
Far away to the north, almost at the head
of the Gulf of Bothnia, the river Lulea makes
its way from the western or Swedish side
into the gulf. At the mouth of this rugged
stream stands the town of the same name,
Lulea. As it lies nearly as far north as the
arctic circle, the sun does not dip so much
below the horizon in mid-summer as to cause
a deeper darkness than a mild twilight.
Thomas Shairp, who was there in the mid-
dle of the Seventh month, 1871, thus describes
a sun-set he witnessed :
"Mjijlkoberg [a hill near the town] is a
bare rock of red granite, some ninety or a
hundred feet high, rising directly out of a pine
forest, which struggles to climb its inhospit-
able sides, but fails to find much footing in
the hard and sterile stone. A devious and
somewhat uncomfortable path winds from
among the trees to the bald sumit of the hill,
whence may be obtained a glorious view of
the surrounding country. Owing to the pe-
culiar formation of the land on the sea-shore,
which is intersected or indented with creeks
and bays and gulfs in ever}' imaginable man-
ner, the mountain seems to be surrounded by
an infinity of islands, itself forming one of an
archipelago. Such, however, is not absokitelj'
the case, although there are a great number
of islets springing like oases in the desert, out
of the brackish water of the Bothnian Gulf.
Far away to the south you see the restless
sea beating eternally the rock-bound coast;
while on your right hand, over across the bay,
the town seems hiding away from the fury of
the waves, which in a great storm, such as
often visits these shores, would dash almost
over its entire area were it not protected by
higher land ; while to the north you look ov(
the interminable forests of pine which slretc
for miles inland.
The sun has just gone down, dipped, as
were, behind the forest, and great sheets (
effulgent crimson stretch up to the highei
extent of the vast ethereal concavity, the
brightness brilliantlj^ reflected on the spar!
ling water, and even repeated on the far-o
opposite horizon, until earth, sky, and wate
all seem one mass of ruby, bright and lustrou
To appreciate the beauty of sun-sets, such i
one sees up in these northern latitudes, on
must actually witness them — description cai
not convey so vivid a picture to the mind
eye. They have, moreover, this charm — ths
while further in the south a sun-set, howeve
grand, is seen for but half an hour at the mos
here they linger on for one, two, or thre
hours, and are only succeeded by the moi
brilliant, although not so gorgeous effect pn
duced by the rising again of the great lum
nary of day.
Much is thought of the midnight sun, an
travellers who happen to have seen itimagir
that they have beheld one of the most beaut
ful effects that nature can produce. But it
a mistake. There are none of those gran
and glorious tints cast upon the heavens whe
the sun is above the horizon, which appej
when he has descended below. The sun i
midnight is no doubt curious, and a thing we
worth a long journey to see ; but for beautifi
tints and glorious mysterious colorings, sue
as delight an artist, at the same time as the
fill him with wonder, nothing can compai
with a Lapland sun-set." — Up in the North.
Faith. — A late king of Sweden was, it seem
under serious impressions for some time befoi
his death. A peasant being once, on a pa:
ticular occasion, admitted to his presence, th
king, knowing him to be a person of singuh
piety, asked him what he took to be the trc
nature of faith. The peasant entered deep]
into the subject, and much to the king's con
fort and satisfaction. The king at last, lyin
on his death bed, had a return of his doubt
and fears as to the safety of his soul ; and sti
the same question was perpetually in h
mouth to those about him, " What is rei
faith?" His attendants advised him to sen
for Archbishop Upsal ; who, coming to tb
king's bedside, began in a learned, logic
manner to enter into the scholastic definitio
of faith. The prelate's disquisition lasted a
hour. When ho had done, the king said, wit
much energy, "All this is ingenious, but nc
comfortable ; it is not what I want. Nothin;
after all, but the farmer's faith will do fc
me." So true is that observation, that n
ligion is a plain thing ; and indeed it wants n
metaphysical subtleties, no critical disquis
tions, no laborious reasonings, to set it in
clear light. — Buck's Anecdotes.
Birds' nests. — Selection of site. — On leavin
Sontuli, the road led over mountain pasture
and through woods of the evergreen oa
draped from top to bottom with the gre
moss-like Tdlandsia, which hung in long fe.
toons from every branch, and was woun:
around the trunks, like garlands, by the wind
the larger masses, waving in the breeze, huu 1
down for four or five feet below the branche
The small birds build in them, and they fori
excellent hiding-places for their nests, wher
they are tolerably secure from the attacks (,
i
THE FRIEND.
343
numerous enemies. I had often, when
le tropics, to notice the great sarriicit}' or
jtinct of the SDiall birds in choosing places
>r their nests. So manj' animals: monkeys,
ild-cats, racoons, opossums, and tree-rats,
re constantly prowling about, looking out
>r eggs and young birds, that, unless placed
ith great care, their progeny would almpst
rtaiiily bo destroyed. The different species
f Oropendula or Orioles (Iclerid(t') of tropical
merica choose high, smooth-barked trees,
ding apart from others, from which to
g their penflulous nests. Monkeys cannot
. at them from the tops of other trees, and
y predatory mammal attempting to ascend
e smooth trunks would be greatly exposed
) the attacks of the birds armed, as they are.
ith strong sharp pointed beaks. Several
ther birds in the forest suspend their nests
cm the small but tough air roots that hang
own from the epiphytes growing on the
ranches, where thej' often look like a natural
unch of moss growing on them. The vari-
QS prickly bushes are much chosen, especiall}'
36 buU's-horn thorn, which I have alreadj'
escribed. Many birds hang their nests from
36 extremities of the branches, and a safer
lace could hardly be chosen, as with the sharp
aorns and the stinging ants that inhabit them
0 mammal would, I think, dare to attempt
be ascent of the tree. Slinging ants are not
lie only insects whose protection birds secure
J building near their nests. A small parrot
uilds constantly on the plains in a hole made
1 the nests of the termites, and a species of
y-eatcher makes its nest alongside of that of
ne of the wasps. On the savannahs, between
LCoyapo and Nancital, there is a shrub with
harp curved prickles, called Viena paraca,
some here) by the Spaniards, because it is
ifficult to extricate oneself from its hold when
!he dress is caught : as one part is cleared an-
tther will be entangled. A yellow and brown
'y-catcher builds its nest in these bushes, and
';enerally places it alongside that of a banded
vasp, so that with the prickles and the wasps
t is well guarded. I witnessed, however, the
'eath of one of the birds from the very means
fc had chosen for the protection of its j'oung.
)arting hurriedly out of its domed nest as we
yere passing, it was caught just under its bill
ly one of the curved hook-like thorns, and in
rying to extricate itself got further entangled,
ts fluttering disturbed the wasps, who flew
lown upon it, and in less than a minute stung
t to death. We tried in vain to rescue it, for
he wasps attacked us also, and one of our
larty was severely stung by them. We had
o leave it hanging up dead in front of its
lest, whilst its mate flew round and round
creaming out terror and distress. I find that
ither travellers have noted the fact of birds
milding their nests near colonies of wasps for
)rotection. Thus, according to Gosse, the
;rassquit of Jamaica {Spermophila oli.vacea)
iften Selects a shrub on which wasps have
)uilt, and Axes the entrance to its domed nest
ilose to their cells; and Prince Maximilian
^euwied states in his "Travels in Brazil,"
bat he found the curious purse-shaped nest
if one of the Todies constantly placed near
he nests of wasps, and that the natives in-
brmed him that it did so to secure itself from
.ho attacks of its enemies. I should have
bought that when building their nests they
vould be very liable to be attacked by the
vasps. The nests placed io these positions
ippear always to be domed, probably for
security against their unstable friends. — Belt's
Xaturalist in Aicarayua.
Anecdote of Richard Jordan. — In the prose-
cution of a religious visit, it ha)ii)ened that a
minister who entertained a dittiJetvt opinion
of herself, exiiecled to pass through a pari of
the country, in which another who was noted
for his much speaking had Just been holding
large crowtled meetings. She apprehended
that her services would bo regarded with little
esteem by those who measured ministry ac-
cording to the number of words — and felt
some discouragement at the prospect. On
mentioning it to R. Jordan, he remarked, that
a little with the Master's blessing would feed
multitudes, but without that it required wagon
loads.
THE FRIEND.
SIXTH JIONTH 13. 1874.
Desirous of doing no injustice to Augustine
Jones, whose Discourse on the Principles,
Methods, and History of the Society of Friends
we noticed in our fortieth number, we com-
ply with his request to publish the following
from his pen. After reciting a part of our
editorial he says :
"The words in the essay which are sub-
jected to this criticism are these. ' But they
[Friends] admitted three manifestations of
one person. Therefore Jesus Christ, Christ-
within, the Spirit and God, referred to the
same person.'
It was intended to express in those words,
'that the Father, the Word, and the Holy
Spirit are one, in divine being inseparable,
one true, living, and eternal God blessed for-
ever,' 'one essence,' 'one substance,' 'one
nature,' 'one will,' 'ono life,' ' one wisdom,'
'one power.'
Elisha Bates used the word manifestations
in the same connection. He says ' I do not
consider it proper to enter upon an inquiry
into the Divine Nature or how it subsisted
in its different manifestations.' — Doctrines of
Friends, p. 115.
We find in Scripture that the Father, the
Word and the Hol}^ Spirit were and are mani-
fested. 'God was manifested in the fltsh,'
1 Tim. iii. 16. 'For this purpose the Son of
God was manifested that he might destroy
the works of the devil,' 1 John, iii. 8. ' But
the manifestation of the Spirit is given to
every man to profit withal,' 1 Cor. xii. 7.
The same word in the original is used in
each of these texts, and its meaning is to
manifest, bring to light, disclose, show forth,
make known, reveal. The writer means pro-
bably Socinus and not Socinius.
Socinus taught that the Trinity was a pagan
doctrine, and that Christ was a created and in-
ferior being who had no e.xistence before he
was conceived by the Virgin Mary. And the
Hicksites teach substantially the Socinian
doctrines.
But the words of the essay do not admit of
such construction; on the contrary they in-
culcate the doctrine of three revelations of
the same being. The Father, the Word, and
the Holy Spirit, one God blessed forever.
That Christ was ' the Lamb slain from the
foundation of the world,' who has been 'in
every man of every capacity in every age of
the world.'
The ■essay takes issue also with anothei-
error of the Hicksites respecting the author-
it}- of the Scriptures. It says 'the infallible
Scrijjture is not contradicted.' Thoi-eforc,
for these and other reasons / must decline a
place among the Hicksites. I was a littlo sur-
prised at this criticii-m from 'The Friend,'
as only the week befoi'e 1 found my views ex-
cellently vrell stated in what 1 thought to be
an editorial, in the issue of 5th mo. IG, 1874,
pages 311, 312."
Again we oliject to what the author hero
says "the words of the essay" inculcate, as
falling short of declaring what Friends believe
on the points refcri-ed to, viz: "They incul-
cate the doctrine of three revelations of the
same being. The Father, the Word, and the
IIolj- Spirit, one (iod blessed forever. That
Christ was 'the Lamb slain from the founda-
tion of the woi-ld' who has been in every man
of every capacity in every age of the world."
It is true that the three aro one God, blessed
forever ; but Friends never believed the Three
were mere revelations or manifestations of the
triune God. They have alwa3"s believed and
taught there is a distinction between tho
Father, the' Word, and the Holy Spirit, but
have refused to depart from the language of
Scripture in which the Holy Spirit has ex-
pressed that distinction and oneness, because
the hypostatic union is beyond the compre-
hension of tho finite powers of man.
Thus George Fox says " We believe con-
cerning God tho Father, Son and Spirit ac-
cording to tho testimony of Holy Scripture,
which we receive and embrace as the most
authentic and perfect declaration of Christian
faith — being indited by the Holy Spirit of
God that never errs. First, That there is one
God and Father, of whom are all things.
Secondly, That there is one Lord .Jesus Christ,
by whom all things were made; who was glori-
fied with the Father before the world began,
who is God overall blessed forever: that there
is one Holy Spirit, the promise of tho Father
and the Son, tho Loader, and Sanctifier, and
Comforter of his people. And we further
believe, as the H0I3- Scriptures soundly and
sufiicientiy express, tWtit these three are One,
even the Father, tho Word and tho Spirit."
This is very dift'erent from their being merely
three revelations or manifestations. The
latter part of tho paragraph wo have quoted
is true in itself, but it does not set forth the
belief of Friends on the points at issue, viz:
the Atonement and Deity of Christ.
It is true that Christ is "the Lamb slain
from the foundation of the world." That is,
as the Apostle declares, " Who verily was
foreordained before tho foundation of the
world, but was manifest in those last times
for j'ou," the believers, who were redeemed
" with the precious blood of Christ, as of a
Lamb without blemish and without spot."
This ledeeming sacrifice, the propitiation for
tho sins of the whole world. Friends have
always believed was made when Jesus Christ
was crucified without the gates of Jerusalem,
and " bore our sins in his own body on the
tree, that we being dead to sins should live
unto righteousness; by whose stripes wo are
healed." It is true that a measure of the
Holy Spirit, or Spirit of Christ is vouchsafed
to ever}- rational being to profit withal; but
not as it was in Jesus Christ, who was God
himself manifest in tho flesh, having the God-
head dwelling in him bodilj' ; not merely a
manifestation or revelation of the Holy Spirit,
344
THE FRIEND.
as it is mercifully granted unto us. William
Penn thus expresses the faith of Friends on
this point.
"They never said that every divine illumina-
tion or manifestation of Christ in the hearts
of men was whole God, Christ, or the Spirit,
which might render them guilty of that gross
and blasphemous absurdity, some would fasten
upon them : but that God, who is light, or the
Word, Christ, who is light, stj'led the second
Adam, the Lord from Heaven, and thequiok-
ening Spirit, who is God overall, blessed for-
ever, hath enlightened mankind with a meas-
ure of saving light; who said, I am the light
of the world, and they that follow me shall
not abide in darkness, but have the light of
life. So that the illumination is from God, or
Christ the Divine Word ; but not therefore
that whole God or Christ is in every man,
any more than the whole sun or air is in everj'
house or chamber. There are no such harsh
and unscriptural words in their writings. It
is only a frightful perversion of some of their
enemies, to bring an odium upon tiieir holy
faith. Yet in a sense the Scriptures say it;
and that is their sense, in which only they
say the same thing. I will walk in them and
dwell in them. He that dwelleth with you
shall be in you. I will not leave you com-
fortless, I will come to you. I in them and
thou in me. Christ in us the hope of Glory.
Unless Christ be in you, ye are reprobates."
Works, vol. ii, p. 780.
In like manner Eobert Barclay after speak-
ing of " a measure of Divine and glorious Life"
being in all men, as a seed, continues:
"'This is that Christ within which we are
heard so much to speak and declare of, everj-
where preaching him up and exhorting people
to believe in the light and obey it, that they
may come to know C/u-ist in them to deliver
them from all sin.' 'But by this we do not at
all intend to equal ourselves to that holy man,
the Lord Jesus Christ, who was born of the
Virgin Mary, in whom all the fulness of the
Godhead dwelt bodily; so neither do we de-
stroy the reality of his present existence, as
some have falsely caluminated us. For thoucrh
we affirm that Christ dwells in us, yet not im-
mediately but mediately, as He is in that seed
which is in us : whereas He, to wit, the eter-
nal Word which was with God, and was God,
dwelt immediately in that holy man. He
then is as the head, and we as the members.
He the vine, and we the branches.'"— p. 137
139.
On reading over the editorial of 5th mo.
16th, we can discover nothing that conveys
views similar to those we have objected to "in
the "Discourse" as misrepresenting the belief
of Friends.
recounting the fatal hi.story of the imperialist party, will
be thoroughly circulated in Paris and the provinces.
A Paris dispatch of the 8th says: The proposal for
the di.'!solution of the Assembly has been signed by l'2o
Deputies, who have hopes of securing in addition the
signatures of 195 members forming the Left Centre.
The motion for dissolution will be presented in the
Chamber at the earliest opportunity.
A Madrid dispatch of the 7th says: The Gaceta pub-
lishes a circular addressed by the Minister of Foreign
.\ffairs to the diplomatic representatives of Spain. It
promises the re-establishment of peace in Spain and
Cuba, and when the present exceptional condition of
afiairs is terminated, the complete establishment of
representative institutions will become a guarantee of
moral order.
A Bayonne dispatch of the 7th says : Don Carlos has
issued a decree authorizing the provinces now occupied
by his forces to elect members of a council, which is to
personally attend him in Spain. The Carlist troops are
concentrating at Tudela to save Estella, and Concha is
moving to attack them.
The recent military operations in the north of Spain
have not been attended with any iiuportant restilts.
San Sebastian was attacked by the Carlists, but rein-
ircements arrived in time to prevent its capture. San
SUMMAEY OF EVENTS.
Foreign.— Party spirit runs high in France, and the
political situation is considered critical. On the 4th
inst. the electoral bill passed to a second reading by a
vote of 393 to 318, notwithstanding the earnest opposi-
tion of the Republican members.
The Right Centre has issued a programme drawn up
by the Duke de Broglio and others, f\ivoring the imme-
diate organization of the powers of PresidentMacMahon
for the continuance of the term of the President of the
Republic and the maintenance of a political truce until
the end of the present seven years' term ; or in the
event of the occurrence of a vacancy in the Presidency
in the mean time.
The Republicans demand the proclamation of a defi-
nite republic, or a dissolution of the Assembly and the
election of new members. They are also taking mea- ^ „ „... ,,„„.,,„ „, „,^ ,
Bo'nLlHlIu" n^ ''"'•'!^ ''^'''"" ";^ designs of the I in relation to courts and Judicial officers-in Utah, the
iJonapartists. Documents exposing the sophistries and | design of which is to render effective the provisions of
f.
Vicenli Tarragona, was also attacked by them, but the
assailants were repulsed.
Five hundred convicts who were engaged in the re-
bellion at Cartagena, have been embarked on a Spanish
.steamer at Oran, to be taken back to Spain. Over
$200,000 worth of money and other valuables were
found in their possession.
The Bank of England rate of discount has been re-
duced from 3o to 3 per cent. Loans are made at the
Stock Exchange and in open market at still lower rates.
The labor troubles in England continue. The owners
of the Durham colleries are evicting large numbers of
their tenants who were working miners. Many of these
being unable to find other dwelUugs are camping in the
fields with their families.
The House of Commons has adopted the proposition
of the Disraeli ministry that the public houses in Lon-
don shall be kept open on week days from 7 o'clock in
the morning until half an hour after midnight.
The House also, by a vote of 3S2 against 42, approved
the government's proposal that such houses shall be
open on the same days in towns having over 2500 in-
habitants, from 7 A. M. to lip. M., and in towns of a
less numijer of people from 6 A. M. to 10 p. M.
Some anxiety was felt in London on account of the
unexplained disappearance of the Earl of Yarborough,
who had been missing for a number of days. It is
alleged that the Earl makes free use of intoxicating
drinks.
London, 6th mo. 8th.— U. S. six per cent bonds, 108V;
fives, 104'.
Liverpool. — Uplands cotton, S^d.
The Catholic Episcopate of Bohemia has determined
to resist the ecclesiastical laws of the Austrian empire.
A Vienna dispatch reports an extensive inundation
in the province of Banat and elsewhere in Hungary.
Many villages have been swept away.
The Khedive of Egypt has entered upon the negotia-
tion of commercial treaties with foreign powers inde-
pendently of Turkey.
It is expected that the Czar Alexander will visit the
Emperor of Germany, at Ems, the present month.
A dispatch from Bombay says that the wet .season
has fairly set in. The rains are heavy and there is
much rejoicing at their prospective beneficial effect
upon the crops.
An International Conference to discuss measures to
prevent the spread of cholera, and for the regulation of
quarantines, and to study the causes of that disease,
was to meet in Vienna on the 15th inst. All the'
European powers have accepted invitations to send
delegates.
United States.— The nomination of General Bri.s-
tow as Secretary of the Treasury, was promptly and
unanimously confirmed by the Senate. That of the ex-
Secrelary, Judge Richardson, as Associate Justice of
the Court of Claims, was not so well received, but was
finally confirmed by a small majority.
President Grant has distinctly announced his oppo-
sition to any further increase of the paper circulation,
and his desire that early measures should be taken for
the restoration of a sound currency. It is understood
that the new Secretary of the Treasury is in entire
accord with the President's views on this subject.
The House of Representatives, by a vote of 159 to 55,
has pas.sed a bill reported by the Judiciary Committee
the common law against polygamy. Those who pra
tise polygamy or believe in the rightfulness of the sam
are to be excluded from juries in cases arising undi
the operation of the law referred to. The House h:
also passed the bill for the admission of Colorado as
State.
The National Convention of Brewers was recently i
session at Boston. A number of statistical facts wei
put forth to show the great industrial importance of th
brewing business. The number of barrels of fermente
liquors brewed and sold in the United States durin
1873, was 8,910,823, being an increase over 1872 (
910,854 barrels. The capital in breweries was stated I
be about $89,891,000, in malthouses $16,708,000. Lan
under cultivation for barley 1,113,853 acres, and fo
hops 40,099 acres.
'The interments in New York city last week num
bered 489, and in Philadelphia 264, including 55 c
consumption and inflammation of the lungs, 14 maras
mus, and 10 drowned.
The .suffering from the overflow has abated on tht
lower Mississippi, but is still severe in Atchafalays
Lafourche, and Wachita valleys. On the 8th inst. thi
New Orleans relief committee was still issuing 40,00'
daily rations.
l%e Markets, &c. — The following were the quotation
on the 8th inst. New York. — American gold, llOJ
U. S. sixes, 1881, registered, 116; do. coupons, 121; dc
1868, registered, 116J ; coupons, 120; 5 per cents, regis
tered and coupon, 113| a 113J. Superfine flour, $4.&
a $5.45 ; State extra, t6 a $6.30 ; finer brands, $7 .
$10.25. No. 1 Chicago spring wheat, $1 48; No. 2 da
$1.43 ; No. 3, $1.41; red western, $1.56 ; white Michigan
$1.70. Canada barley, $2.10. Oats, 62 a 69 cts. Rye
$1.07. Western mixed corn, 81 a 83 cts. ; white, 87. i
89 cts. Philadelphia. — Cotton, 18i a 19 ct.s. for upland
and New Orleans. Superfine flour,*$4.75 a $5.50;extras
$5.50 a $6 ; finer brands, *6.50 a $10.25. Western ra
wheat, $1.40 a $1.48 ; Pennsylvania do., $1.50 a $1.55
amber, $l.-57 ; white spring, $1.45. Rye, 95 cts. Yel
low corn, 78 cts. Oats, 60 a 64 cts. Lard, lU a 11:
cts. Sales of 2800 beef cattle. Common at 5 a 6 cts. pe
lb. gross; fair and extra, 6 a 7 cts., and a few choice at i
cts. About 8000 sheep sold at 5 a 6J cts. per lb. gross
and 5000 hogs at $8 a $8.50 per 100 lb. net. Saltimore
—Superfine flour, $4.50 a $5.25 ; extra, $5.50 a $6.25
finer brands, $7 a $10. Choice white wheat, $1.64
fair to prime do., $1.50 a $1.60; Penna. red, $1.50 i
$1.60 ; western spring, $1.35 a $1.40. Chicago— 'No. :
spring wheat, $1.20.} ; No. 2 do., $1.19 ; No. 3 do. $1.14
No. 2 mixed corn, 58 cts. No. 2 oats, 45 cts. Eye
85 cts. Lard, $10.90. St. iouM.— No. 3 red wheat
$1.25 ; No. 2 spring, $1.01. No. 2 mixed corn, 57 cts
No. 2 oats, 45J cts. Lard, lOJ cts, Cincinnati.—
Wheat, $1.27 a $1.30. Corn, 65 a 67 cts. Oats, 50 i
51 cts. Rye, 98 cts. a $1.
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
A Stated Meeting of the Committee having chargi
of the Boarding School at AVesttown, will be held theri'
on Fourth-day, the 17th inst., at 9.30 A. M.
The Committee on Admission will meet at 7.30 thf
same morning, and that on Instruction at 7 o'clock thf
preceding evening.
The Visiting Committee attend at the School on'
Seventh-day the 13th inst.
Samuel Mokris,
Philada. 6th mo. 8th, 1874. Clerk.
For the accommodation of the Committee conveyance.'^
will be at the Street Road Station to meet the trainsf
that leave Philadelphia on Seventh-dav, the 13th inst.i
at 2.30 and 4.45 p. M., on Third-day,' the 16th, at IC
A. M., and 2.30 and 4.45 p. m., and on Fourth-day ai
7.25 A. M.
HAVERFORD COLLEGE. (
The next Term will commence on Fourth-day, 9th
mo. 2nd, 1874. Applications for admissions should be
addressed to Samuel J. Gummere, President,
Haverford College, Montgomery Co., Pa.
provisions of
THEATRICAL AMUSEMENTS AND HORSE-
RACING.
A new edition of the above named Address has been
struck off and is now at Friends' Book Store, No. 304
Arch street.
Friends in the country can obtain whatever number
of copies may be needed for distribution in their respec-
tive neighborhoods.
WILLIAM H. PILE7PEtNT£R! " j
No. 422 Walnut Street. I
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. XLVII.
SEVENTH-DAY, SIXTH MONTH 20, 1874.
NO. 44.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
rice Two Dollars per annum, if paid in advance. Two
dollars and fifty cents, if not paid in advance.
Sabscripttona and PaymeDts receiTed by
JOHN S. STOKES,
AT NO. 116 NORTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAtRS,
b PHIIiADELFEIA.
ostage, when paid quarterly in advance, five cents.
For " The Friend."
The Heart of Africa, by Dr. Schweinfurth.
(Continued from page 341.)
PYGMIES.
The ancient Greelc writers refer to a race
f pj'gmies occupying Central Africa; and as
ur author slowly ascended the Nile, his ser-
■ants often conversed about such a race of
Qen as still existing. His curiosity became
auch excited, but it was not till he reached
he court of Munza, that an opportunity pre-
ented of seeing for himself that such a race
fere to be found. He thus describes his in-
ercourse with them: "Several days elapsed
fter my taking up my residence by the palace
f the Monbuttoo kiug without my having a
^hance to get a view of the dwarfs, whose
ime had so keenly excited my curiosity. M}'
leople, however, assured me that they had
een them. I remonstrated with them for not
laving secured me an opportunity of seeing
3r myself, and for not bringing them into
ontact with me. I obtained no other reply
!'Ut that the dwarfs were too timid to come.
Ifter a few mornings my attention was ar-
ested by a shouting in the camp, and I
sarned that Mohammed had surprised one of
ihe Pygmies in attendance upon the king, and
Vas conveying him, in spite of a strenuous
esistance, straight to my tent. I looked up,
:.nd there, sure enough, was the strange little
reature, perched upon Mohammed's right
boulder, nervously hugging his head, and
asting glances of alarm in every direction,
loliammed soon deposited him in the seat of
lonor. A royal interpreter was stationed at
lis side. Thus, at last, was I able veritably
0 feast my eyes upon a living embodiment of
he mj'ths of some thousand years !
Eagerly, and without loss of time, I pre-
ceded to take his portrait. I pressed him
dth innumerable questions, but to a^k for in-
brmation was an easier matter altogether
[ban to get an answer. There was the greatest
'iifficulty in inducing him to remain at rest,
'nd 1 could only succeed by exhibiting a store
f presents. Under the impression that the
opportunity before me might not occur again,
bribed the interpreter to exercise his iuflu-
nce to pacify the little man, to set him at his
ase, and to induce him to lay aside any fear
f me that he might entertain. Altogether
we succeeded so well that in a couple of hours
the Pygmj- had been measured, sketched,
feasted, prisented with a variety of gifts, and
subjected to a minute catechism of searching
questions.
His name was Adimokoo. He was the liead
of a small colony, which was located about
half a league from the roj^al residence. With
bis own lips I heard him assert that the name
of his nation was Akka, and I further learnt
that the}- inhabit large districts to the south
of the Monbuttoo between lat. 2° and 1° N.
A portion of them are subject to the Mon-
buttoo king, who, desirous of enhancing the
splendor of his court by the addition of any
available natural curiosities, had compelled
several families of the Pygmies to settle in
the vicinity.
My Niam-niain servants, sentence by sen-
tence, interpreted to me everything that was
said by Adimokoo to the Monbuttoo inter-
preter, who was acquainted with no dialects
but those of his own land.
In reply to my question put to Adimokoo
as to where his country was situated, point-
ing towards the S.S.E., he said, 'Two days'
journey and you come to the village of Mum-
mery ; on the third day you will reach the
River Nalobe; the fourth day you arrive at
the first of the villages of the Akka.'
What do you call the rivers of your coun-
try?'
' They are the Nalobe, the Namerikoo, and
the Eddoopa.'
' Have you anj- river as large as the Welle ?'
' No ; ours are small rivers, and they all flow
into the Welle.'
' Are you all one people, or are you divided
into separate tribes?'
To this inquiry Adimokoo replied by a sud-
den gi-sture, as if to indicate the vastness of
their extent, and commenced enumerating the
tribes one after another.
'How many kings?' I asked. 'Nine,' he
said.
At length, after having submitted so long
to my curious and persistent questionings,
the patience of Adimokoo was thoroughly
exhausted, and he made a frantic leap in his
endeavor to escape from the tent. Surrounded,
however, by a crowd of inquisitive Bongo and
Nubians, he was unable to effect his purpose,
and vras compelled, against his will, to remain
for a little longer. After a time a gentle per-
suasion was brought to bear, and he was in-
duced to go through some of the characteristic
evolutions of his war-dances. He was dressed,
like the Monbuttoo, in a rokko-coat and
plumed hat, and was armed with a miniature
lance as well as with a bow and arrow. His
height I found to be about 4 feet 10 inches,
and this I reckon to be the average measure-
ment of his race.
Although I had repeatedlj- been astonished
at witnessing the war-dances of the Niam-
niam, I confess that my amazement was
greater than ever when I looked upon the
exhibition which the P^-graj- afforded. Adi-
mokoo's agility was pcrfectlj^ marvellous, and
I could not help wondering whether cranes
would ever be likely to contend with such
creatures. The little man's lea]is and attitudes
were accompanied by such lively and grotesque
varieties of expression that the spectators
shook again and held their sides with hiughter.
Adimokoo returned homo loaded with pre-
sents. I made him understand that I should
be glad to see all his people, and promised
that tliey should lose nothing bj- coming. On
the following day I had the pleasure of a visit
from tvvo of the younger men.
After they had once got over their alarm,
some or other of the Akka came to me almost
every daj'. As exceptional cases, I observed
that some individuals were of a taller stature ;
but upon investigation I always ascertained
that this was the result of intermarriage with
the Monbuttoo amongst whom they resided.
My sudden departure from Munza's abode in-
terrupted me completely in mj' study of this
interesting people, and 1 was compelled to
leave before I had fully mastered the details
of their peculiarities. I regret that I never
chanced to see one of the Akka women, and
still more that my visit to their dwellings was
postponed from day to day until the oppor-
tunit}' was lost altogether.
I am not likely to forget a rencontre which
I had with several hundred Akka warriors,
and could very heartily wish that the circum-
stances had permitted me to give a pictorial
representation of the scene. King Munza's
brother Mummeiy, who was a kind of viceroy
in the southern section of his dominions, and
to whom the Akka were tributary, was just
returning to the court tVom a successful cant-
|iaign against the black Momvoo. Accom-
panied by a large band of soldiers, amongst
whom was included a corps of Pygmies, he was
conveying the bulk of tlJe booty to his royal
master. It happened on the day in question
that I had been making a long excursion with
my Niam-niam servants, and had heard noth-
ing of Mummery's arrival. Towards sunset
I was passing along the extensive village on
my return to my quarters, when, just as 1
reached the wide open space in front of the
roj-al balls, I found myself surrounded by
what I conjectured must be a crowd of impu-
dent boys, who received me with a sort of
bravado fight. They pointed their arrows
towards me, and behaved geuerall}' in a man-
ner at which I could not help teeling some-
what irritated, as it betokened unwarrantable
liberty and intentional disrespect. My mis-
apprehension was soon corrected by the Niara-
niam people about me, ' They are Tikkitikki,'
said they; 'you imagine that tbej' are boys,
but in truth they are men ; nay, men that can
fight.'
A brief account may now be given of the
little Pygmy 'that 1 carried off and kept with
me during the remainder of my wanderings
till I was again in Nubia, who for a year and
346
THE FRIEND.
a half became my companion, thriving under
my care and growing almost as affectionate
as a son.
Nolwithstanding all my assiduity and at-
teniion, 1 am sorry to record that Nsewue
died in Berber, from a prohmged attack ol
dysentery, originating not so much in any
change of climate, or any alteration in his
mode of livicff, as in bis immoderate exces.-
in eating, a propensity which no influence on
my part was sufficient to control.
During the last ten months of his life, mj-
protege did not make any growth at all. I
think I may therefore presume that his height
would never have exceeded 4 feet 7 inches,
which was his measurement at the time of his
death."
The Akka appear to be a branch of a series
of dwarf races, which exhibit all the character
istics of an aboriginal stock, and extend along
'the equator entirely across Africa. They are
probably closely allied to the Bushmen of
South Africa.
For "The Friend."
On Dress.
That devoted and faithful laborer in the
Church of Christ, Sarah Grubb, writes thus:
" From a fear of being instrumental in settling
down 3'oung people especially, in the form of
godliness without the power, and urging them
to an appearance which might create self-
complacence, and reconcile them to an appre-
hension that they are further advanced in the
work of religion than is really the case, 1 have
often forborne to drop such advice upon the
subject of dress amongst those who were in-
consistent in their appearance, as sometimes I
felt the testimony of Truth to dictate ; a depar
ture from true simplicity herein being gener-
ally obvious. At large meetings particularly,
where Friends from distant parts are col-
lected, there is a considerable appearance of in-
consistency in clothing and demeanor ivhich, vnth
many other things, indicate a love of the world
and a fellowship loith it, but though a regulation
herein is only a small part of the good tree, yet
it is as assuredly a part, as the more striking con-
stituents of a Christian." What will our young,
fiery, Arminian Quakers reply to that.
Thos. Shillitoe relates an account of a young
man, a member of the Society, appearing be-
fore a judge, in England, rt-fused the oath,
(as by the laws of England Friends only were
allowed an affirmation), questioned whether
a person fashionably attired could be one,
when being assured thereof, he remarked :
" The time was ivhen those people ivere known by
their dress, but that it appeared no longer to be
so." But alas! it is no longer with us as it
was with Thos. Elwood at his first conviuce-
ment (who as yet had not conformed to the
simple plain dress), being taken at a meeting
of Friends, and having on a fashionable moun-
taineer cap, was more hurt to hear the people
remark, ''They would warrant he was no
Quaker," than he cared about imprisonment;
nevertheless, "the tree is known by its fruit."
O that the spirit of our predecessors mayibe
revived, who were not ashamed of, but gloried
in that cross by which they were crucified to
the world and the world to them, for it is as
we are faithful in these matters, that we shall
grow stronger and stronger; but if we are un-
faithful in small matters we shall not be ac-
counted wortlij' of more. It is only as we
pay attention to the drawings of the Spirit ofi
Christ in our own hearts that we can be I
Christ's, and he will prove us and try us,
and eventually give us to sit with him in the
heavenly places ; yet only so as we are weaned
as from the breast of the world, and our hearts
and affections given up to him, to mould us
and fashion us after his blessed self We can-
not serve two masters, we cannot be of the
world and of Chi ist too ; if we love the world
and the ways of it, we cannot love him who
came to redeem us therefrom. What if the
world hate us, we shall be loved of God. To
be esteemed b}^ the Saviour, and to be per-
mitted to lean on his bosom, is worth more
than this world can give us. Let us be like
Moses, who preferred the reproach of Christ
much bej-ond all the riches and grandeur ol
Egj'pt. JMosi-8 never could have been the de-
liverer of Israel if he had not first refused to
be called the son of Pharoah's daughter, and
cast his lot with the Lord's oppressed jjeople;
neither can any be valiant for Christ now,
only as they thoroughly decide to manifest
by all their actions that they are his ; and 1
am not without hopes that the Lord will pre-
pare a pe<_iple, by whom the truth shall arise
and spreafi, even as the orb of day dispels the
darkness of the night, yet only so as we are
made willing to give up all for his sake, and
to be bj" a vain professing people, accounted
as fools tor Christ's sake ; there is certainly a
shaking in Babylon, she must fall, for the
Lord hath said it. S. C.
Orleans Co., N. Y., 6lh mo. 4th, 1874.
For " The Friend."
Sufferings of a Lost Man.
(Concludtd from page 338.)
The melancholy narrative proceeds: "At
' Town Falls,' I spent the first half of a day
in capturing a grasshopper, and the remainder
in a fruitless effort to catch a mess of trout.
In the agony of disappointment, I resolved to
fish no more. A spirit of rebellion seized me.
' Why is it,' I asked of myself, 'that in the
midst of abundance, every hour meeting with
objects which would restore strength and
vigor and energj', every moment contriving
some device to procure the nourishment my
wasting frame required, I should meet witli
these repeated and discouraging failures ?'
Thoughts of the early teachings of a pious
mother suppressed these feelings. Oh ! how
often have the recollections of a loved New-
England home, and the memories of a happ}-
childhood, cheered my sinking spirits, and
dissipated the gathering gloom of despair!
There were thoughts and feelings and mental
anguishes without number, that visited me
during mj^ period of trial, that never can be
known to any but my God and myself Bitter
as was my experience, it was not unrelieved
by some of the most precious moments 1 have
ever known."
Soon after leaving "Town Falls," Everts
entered the open country. Pine forests and
fallen timber were changed for sage brush and
desolation, with o casional traets of stunteil
verdure, barren hill-sides, and ravines .filled
ivith the rocky debris of the adjacent moun-
tains. Rising one morning he found the
ground white with snow, and the air tilled
with the falling flakes. He became bewil-
dered and lost the course of travel. Nothing
remained for him but to find the river and fol-
low its current. After a few hours of stum-
bling and scrambling among rocks he came
to the side of the deep canon through which
it ran, and with great difficulty descended ti
I he margin. After drinking copiously he su
beside the river a long while, wailing for thii
storm to abate so that he could make a fire-
Finally he concluded to return to the phici
he had spent the previous night, where Ik
ibund a few embers in the ashes, and witl
persevering effort at last kindled a flame
Here, on this bleak mountain side, he think
ho must have passed two nights beside thi
tire in the storm. Many times during eacl
night, he crawled to the little clump of treei
to gather wood and brush, and the broket
limbs of fallen tree-tops. Before leaving th
forest he had filled his pouches with thistle
roots, knowing that he should not find any o
them in the open country, and these formec
the whole of his subsistence during the re
mainder of his wanderings. A few more dayi
of anxiety and extreme suffering succeeded
when at last, on the thirty-seventh day sinc(
he lost the exploring party, he was found bj
two men who were in search of him. Th<
occurrences of the day of rescue must be giver
in Evert's own words. He says : " I resumec
nij- journey the nest morning, with the belie
that I should make no more fires with mj
lens. I must save a brand, or perish. Th(
day was raw and gusty ; an east wind charge(
with storm, penetrated me with irritatinj
keenness. After walking a few miles th
storm came on, and a coldness unlike anj
other I had ever felt seized me. It enterec
all my bones. I attempted to build a fire bu
could not make it burn. Seizing a brand, ]
stumbled blindly on, stopping within thi
shadow of ever}' rock and clump to renew
energy for a final conflict for life. A solemi
conviction that death was near, that at eucl"
pause my limbs would refuse further service'
and that I should sink helpless and dying it
my path, overwhelmed me with terror. Amie
all this tumult of the mind, I felt that I hac
done all that man could do. I knew that it;
two or three days more I could ett'ect my de
liverance, and I derived no little satisfactior
from the thought, that, as I was now in th
broad trail, my remains would be found, anc
my friends relieved of doubt as to my fate
Once only the thought flashed across my mine
that I should be saved, and I seemed to heai'
a whispered command to ' struggle on.' Grop
ing along the side of a hill, I became suddenly
sensible of a sharp reflection, as of burnishec
steel. Looking up, through half closed eyes
two rough but kindly faces met my gaze.
' Are you Mr. Everts ?'
' Yes ; all that is left of him.'
' We have come for you.'
' Who sent you ?'
'Judge Lawrence and other friends.'
' God bless him and them, and you ! I an:
saved!' and with these words, powerless o:
further eftort, I fell forward into the arms o:
my preservers, in a state of unconsciousness
I was saved. On the very brink of the rivei
which divides the known from the unknown
strong arms snatched me from the final plunge,
and kind ministrations wooed me back to life.
Baronet and Pricliette, my two preservers,
by the usual appliances, soon restored me to
consciousness, made a camp on the spot, and
while one went to Fort Ellis, a distance ol
seventy miles, to return with remedies to rS'
store digestion, and an ambulance to convey
me to that post, the other sat by my side, and
with all the care, sympathy, and solicitude ol
a brother, ministered to my frequent necessi-
THE FRIEND.
347
iies. In two daj's 1 was sufficiently recovered
n strenirth to be moved twenty- miles down
;he trail to the cabin of some miners who
jrere prospecting in that vicinit}'. From these
men 1 received every possible attention whicli
heir humane and generous natures could
levise. A good bed was provided, g:ime was
iilled to make broth, and the best stores of
heir larder placed at ni}' command. For
four days, at a time when ever\- day's labor
was invaluable in their pursuit, they aban-
ioned their work to aid in my restoration.
Owing to the protruded inaction of the sys-
tem, and the long jieriod which must transpire
before Prichette's return with remedies, my
friends had serious doubts of my recovery.
The nii^ht after my arrival at the cabin,
while suffering the most excruciating agony,
ind thinking that I had only been saved to
iie among friends, a loud knock was heard at
he cabin door. An old man in mountain eos-
iuine entered — a hunter, whose life was spent
among the mountains. lie was on his waj-
to find a brother. He listened to the storj' of
my sufferings, and tears ra])idly coursed each
other down his rough, weather-beaten face.
Bui when he was told of my present necessity,
brightening in a moment, he exclaimed:
' Why, Lord bless you, if that is all, I have
ithe very i-emedy you need. In two hours'
llinie all shall be well with you.'
[ He left the cabin, returning quickly with a
(Back filled with the fat of a bear which he had
[killed a few hours before. From this ho ren-
idered out a pint measure of oil. I drank the
iwhole of it. It proved to be the needed
iremedy, and the next day, freed from pain,
■with appetite and digestion re-established, I
|felt that good food and plentv' of it were only
ineeessary for an early recoverj-.
In a day or two I took leave of my
to proclaim salvation. Perhaps tlio present
dispensation through which our poor Society
is passing, is as grievous as the time of Israel's
" 7th mo. 2d, 185.S. Oh ! how few there are bond service in Egypt; j-et it is good to ro-
to whom we dare speak unreservedly in thi.s ! member 'Ho (the Lord) brought them out of
For -'The FripnJ."
Memoirs ami Letters of- Sarah Hillmaii.
(Coi timii'ii Irum pai;e SoS.)
lay; really it does sink one's heart to see
those we love, so ready to doubt the motives
by wiiich we are actuated, let us do as we may:
iKJwever, one assurance comforts me, that
•the foundation of tiod standeth sure, having
this seal, the Lord knoweth them that are
his.' Let then our feeble endeav<M-s for the
])ronii>tion of the kingilom of our Blesse<l Ke-
deemer, be judged of by criticizing, cavilling
ones, who liave little conception of the con-
flicts of our spirits, if we can onl}' keej) hold
of the confidence that we have acted faitlifiillj'
as in his sight (however feebly it may have
been) we need not fear but that through
mercy, support will be administered unto us,
and strength according to our day.
Oh, would that everj'thing that brings
death might be purged away from our hearts
individuall}', that we might become united
together in the holy fear of the Lord, having
one blessed point in view, that so the name
of our Father in Heaven might be glorified in
and amongst us ; that that daj- might arive,
spoken of by the prophet, when • Bphraiiu
should not envj- Jiidah, nor Judah vex Eph-
raim;' and nothing be found in all the Lord's
holy mountain to hurt or destroy."
"P/iilada., 2d mo. 1st, 1853. * '* * Another
champion tor the blessed cause of truth and
righteousness has ceased to lift up his voice
among the sons of men. Will not some of the
words spoken to and respecting dear llinch-
man Haines, rise up again in remembrance in
the minds of some, and cause bitter regret
that an aged patriarch, who could say with
Obadiah 'I, thy servant, f.ar the Lord from
_.. .. ^..j -- ... -eave ot my kinc
friends with a feeling of regret at parting, my youth,' should have one .sleepless hour on
and of gratitude for their kin'duess, as endur- laccmint thereof ? Oh, it wouW be well to re-
ing as life.
i Meeting the carriage on my way, I pro-
ice<'ded to Boseman, where I remained among
lold friends who gave me every attention until
.my health was sufficiently restored to allow
ime to retlirn to my home at Helena.
; My heartfelt thanks are due to the mem-
ibers of the expedition, all of whom devoted
.seven, and some of them twelve days to the
jSearch for me before they left Yellowstone
;Lake; and to Juiige Lawrence, of Helena,
and the friends who co-operated with him in
the offer of reward which sent Baronet and
Prichette to my rescue.
My narrative is finished. In the course of
! events the time is not far distant when the
.wonders of the Yellowstone will be made ac-
cessible to all lovers of sublimity, grandeur
and novelty in natural scenery, and its majes-
tic waters become the abode of civilization
' and refinement ; and when that arrives, I hope
member that our Father in Heaven accepts
what is done unto his children and servants,
his poor, as done unto himself; inasmuch as
ye did it, or did it not to one of the least of
these my brethren, ye did or did not to Me.
Sweetly and peacefully lias he finished his
course and joined the angelic throng around
the mercy seat I have no doubt, in celebrating
the praises of that God and Saviour whom he
delighted to serve on earth, and who has
honored him many times in the assemblies of
his people, while he, dear man, could acknovv-
ledge ' 1 am all unworthy,' to thy name be the
glory. He testified on one occasion lately the
faith in which he had lived ho hoped to die
in; it was sufficient for him in life, and it
would be sufficient in death. Oh, how ten-
derly were thy dear parents brought to mj'
remembrance, as I sat and gaz'd upon his clay
cold face. They have poured forth their sliuIs
together as water, thought I, for themselves
in happier mood and under more auspicious and for Jerusalem's progeny, and now their
. circumstances to revisit scenes fraught for me i work is finished, and they are together sing
■ with such thrilling interest; to ramble along [iof^ Alleluia, Alleluia!
the<rlowingheach"ofBes8ieLake;tositdown| The storm, methinks, has not spent its
among the hot springs under the shadow of might, and the champions, valiant for the
Mount Everts; to thread unscared the mazy | Truth, many of them, are called from the field.
forests, retrace the dreary journey to the i What remains for us to do ? Ah, there is little
.Madison Eano-e, and with enraptured fancy ai^y of ""• can do, but endeavor to watch unto ends being secured, an inheritance among
gaze upon thfT mingled crjories and terrors of pi'ayer, and stand in readiness when the sound Sail them that are sanctified being obtained
the great falls and raa^'vellous canon, and of the going is heard in the tops of the mul- [through grace. * * * At seasons when
: to enjoy in happy contrast with the trials berry trees, to answer the call of the holyiit would seem as though f\iith would fail, it is
' they recall, their power to delight elevate. Captain who has a right to dispose of his ser- jgood to bear in mind that 'our Redeemer is
! and overwhelm the mind with their wondrous ■^ants as it pleaseth him, whether to remain as strong, the Lord of Hosts is his tfame ; He
and majestic beauty." | among the pots for a long season, or whether i -will thoroughly plead the cause of his people,
darkness and the shadow of death (when they
cried unto him), and brake their bonds in
sunder.' "
" r/ulada , 1st mo. 2:id, \S^^i. * * * It
seems to me that the rich, and the great, and
the wise of this world, are as much opposed
to the simjilicit}' of the truth as it is in Jesus,
as they were in that day when our blessed
Redeemer thanked his Father that ho had hid
the m^-steries of the kingdom from them, and
revealed them unto babes. Ami they would
fain have a separate altar, and not mingle
with any but the wise and great. Is he
wealthy? Is he intellectual? or learned or
talented, then we must kee]) caste. Well all
this must die the death. The foundation of
God standeth sure, having this seal affixed,
upon it, 'the Lord knoweth them that are
his.' Oh, how precious is this seal. May it
be fixed upon us, my dear friend, that with
the apostle in holy confidence we may be en-
abled to say, 'Who shall separate us from the
love of Christ?' even though we should have
to suffer more than we have ever yet known;
of being kdled, as he said, all the daj' long,
and accounted as sheep for the slaughter; if
haply we may also be qualified to add as did
the great apostle from living experience, 'in
all these things we are more than conquerors
throuLch Him that loved us.'"
" Philadn. 8th mo. Sd, 1854. * * How
solemn are the sermons we daily meet; even
man}' in a day. As Leighton says, the bill of
mortality is truly very large. Though among
our friends there is no sickness that I know
of partaking of the nature of the epidemic.
' Leaves have their time to fall,
And flowers to wither at the north wind's breath.
And stars to set — but all,
Thou bast all seasons for tbine own, O Deatli !'
The poet's description is abundantly evinced
in the experience of each one of us at this
solemn season, when the Lord's voice is cry-
ing unto the city, and the men of wisdom will
see his name. Oh, may we all hear the rod
and Him who hath appointed it, that while his
judgments are abroad in the earth the inhabi-
tants of the world may learn righteousness;
and thus by hearkening to the Lord's voice,
as did the people of Nineveh, the threatening
judgment may in mercy be averted, and many,
many more be prepared to magnify the mercy
of their dear Lord and Saviour, who bought
us with his blood: even He who was spoken
of by the loved disciple as ' the Lamb of God,
who taketh away the sins of the world. Oh,
how great is his goodness, how long-suffering
his mercy ! would that every precious soul
might be brought unto His footstool, that we
might obtain pardon and reconciliation with
God the Father through him, and thus come
to be numbered amongst the ransomed and
redeemed ones, whose names are written in
the Lamb's book of life.
No matter then how soon the tender thread
of existence bo severed, the life that never
348
THE FRIEND.
and execute judgment for them, and although
it may be long in coming, and many dark days
of sorrow may precede, yet my heart is often
comforted in mourning, from a little view of
a better day to come. 1 may not live to see it,
but it seems sealed upon my spirit that there
shall come a time to the Lord's dear children
when their gai'ments of mourning shall be ex-
changed for those of gladness, and they shall
sing with joy in their hearts of the dealings
of the Lord with them, in the daj- when ho
led them as it were into darkness, but not into
light.
It seems to me that dear , in his late
trial, will be favored to see the hand of mercy.
May it bo sealed to his soul's salvation, and
blessed to his house."
CTo be continued.)
For "The Frieuil"
Scientific Notes,
At the border of the Lake of Geneva are
observed occasional risings and sinkings of
the water surface. These have been frequently
studied at Geneva, and Vaucher (more especi-
ally in the beginning of the eenturj-) made a
full investigation of the subject, in which he
was led to the result that these variations are
produced by changes in the air pressure, and
80 must occur in other lakes also. When at
two different parts of the water-surface, the
atmosphere pressure is different — when it di-
minishes at one part, while at another it re-
mains unaltered or rises, the water at the
former will rise, and at the latter it will sink.
The time of the appearance of these changes,
and their coincidence with sudden baromeU-ic
variations harmonized perfectly with this ex-
planation.
Large Tunnels. — The great tunnels in Ger-
many have been all made for mining purposes.
That at Freiberg is 24 miles long; the Ernst-
August and Georg at Clausthal, Vi\ and 10:;
miles, respectively ; the Joseph IL, at Schem-
nitz, 9J miles; the Eathschonberg, at Freiberg,
8 miles; the Mount Cenis, 7j"^miles, which
about completes the European list. In the
United States, the Hoosac, in Massachusetts,
is five miles long. The Sutro, in Nevada, for
opening up the celebrated Comstock lode, al-
though only four miles long, will, \\-ith its
branches to the different mines, prove one of
the most important in America. The Sierra
Madre tunnel, at Black Hawk, commenced
during the present year, will be 12 miles long.
New Rubber Composition for Water-proofing.
John Macintosh, whose name is very familiar
in connection with the use of water-proof
fabrics, has recently patented a compound of
India-rubber with carbon, which promises to
be very useful. He mixes about four parts of
carbon in a fine powder with one of caout-
chouc. The mixture is accomplished by pass-
ing the materials through rollers heated to
about 250°. These rollers are very powerful
and fixed in strong bearings. They are pro-
vided with spiral cutters. The result is that
the rubber will be cut, torn and masticated in
contact with the dry carbon, and expelled
from the delivering end of the machine in a
hot, plastic, homogeneous mass, whence it
may be conveyed to the feeding end, for a
second and more complete treatment. It maj'
then be applied directly to the surface of a
textile fabric, such as canvass, by passing iti
under heavy pressure through heated rollt-rs.'
By this process, the compound is forced intoi
the interstices of the fabric.
prevents the India-rubber from being affected
by the heat of the summer sun, and tends to
preserve it from the ordinary decomposing
effects of the atmosphere.
A new mode of noting the direction of the wind
at any altitude. — Waldner, Professor'of Mathe-
matics at Osthofen, Germany, while engaged
in examining the solar spots some years ago,
had his attention attracted to an immense
number of small white particles, which sud
denly came into view. He found that they
were ice crystals or snow-flakes, floating like
the clouds in aerial currents. In the lower
part of the atmosphere there are suspended
in the air particles of an organic nature, as
may be seen by admitting a beam of sunlight
into a darkened room. It is proposed by
means of these floating matters to determine
the direction and force of the wind at different
altitudes on cloudless days, by simply adjust-
ing a telescope so as to give a distinct vision
at two, three or more thousand feet, and to
note the direction and rapidity of theparticles,
which will then clearly be seen as they cross
the field of view.
The behavior of metals under strain. — Serious
weakness is often found in large masses of
metals by what is termed internal strain. If
a large iron casting is allowed to cool rapidly,
the outer particles quickly become solid, and
the cr3-stallization of the interior particles is
effected under the pressure and restraint of
the solid exterior portions. The result is a
degree of strain which often materially lessens
the strength of the mass, and sometimes pro-
duces cracks in the casting. The same con-
dition of things exists in a less degree even in
wrought iron. Some time ago, steel rods,
several inches in thickness were attempted to
be used in the construction of a large bridge ;
but they were found to possess relatively but
a small portion of the strength of the same
steel cut into smaller bars. This subject has
recently been investigated by Prof. Thurston,
who finds the harder metals more affected by
this source of weakness than the soft and
ductile metals, probably because the particles
of the latter more readily arrange themselves
into such positions as to relieve the strain
upon them. If a bar of metal is placed under
the action of an external force, as the bearing
of a heavy weight, some particles are "more
strained than others. If left in this condition
the particles gradually shift positions, until the
strain is equalized, and thus become capable
of sustaining a pressure, which, if suddenly
applied, would have broken the bar. On the
other hand, serious loss of resistance is often
the result of sudden strain, as that caused by
blows.
Vinegar-producing Polype. — A present was
lately made to the Jardin d'Acclimatisation, in
Fai'is, of a polype. The day afier its intro-
duction into the Aquarium it was found to
have caused the death of all the animals
around it. The explanation was had on ana-
lyzing the water of the vessel. The polype
was one of those rare animals whose bodies,
when immersed in pure water, change it into
a solution of acetic acid.
Selected.
BE OF GOOD CHEER— BE NOT AFEAID.
When the sky is dark and low' ring.
And the tempest raging high,
Billows swelling, breakers roaring,
Christian, fear not — God is nigh.
Tossed amid the wild commotion,
Winds nor waves can thee o'erwhelm ;
Thy frail bark shall stem the ocean —
Christ is sitting at the helm.
What though mighty waves are rolling,
And all human help is vain ?
There is one the storm controlling
Over all thy God doth reign.
Child of God, thou'rt not forsaken ;
Thou art still thy Father's care ;
Let not faith in him be shaken.
He doth hear and answer prayer.
'Tis in love that he doth chasten,
To draw closer to his breast;
Stormy winds thy voyage hasten
To thy bright, eternal rest.
Soon shall end thy tribulation,
Soon shall dawn a brighter day ;
Rest in Christ's sweet consolation,
" Lo, I am with thee alway."
Yes, in safety he will guide thee
Over life's tempestuous sea;
He knows all that doth betide thee,
And will thy sure refuge be.
Even now the coast thou'rt nearing;
Soon thy feet shall touch the .strand ;
See the mountain tops appearing,
Bathed in light — Emmanuel's land.
THE BIRTH RECORD.
Sitting to-night in my old arm-chair,
With my Bible on my knee,
I read from its record page of birth
The names of children three;
And written beneath, in the same strong hand,
While the heart was breaking with pain,
' The Lord hath given and taken away,"
But " blessed be his name."
With two, the record of life was short.
Like a summer's day of joy ;
1 can see them now, with these dim old eyes.
My little girl and boy ;
And I think of them when I read the words
In an old, old book, which saith,
'They were lovely and pleasant in their lives.
And divided not in death."
For the other — " my baby" I call him still —
Though he grew to manhood tall,
When they told me God had taken him,
I felt he had taken my all:
And long I cherished rebellious thoughts,
Before I could learn to say,
"Blessed be the Lord. 'Twas he that gave,
'Tis he that hath taken away."
So when I take this sacred Book
Where God hath writ his will,
I can read in peace my children's names
While I say, " My heart, be still !"
And the dear, dear hand that wrote those names
Grasps mine in trust and love;
" Dear wife, their names are also writ
In the Book of Life above !"
i
I
Friendship, true friendship, is indeed a pre-
cious thing— a rare gem— hard to find. It is
however, to be met with here below. It is
unchangeable as the source from which it
springs. Its value is equally known and ap-
., . , . iiD'l so becomes predated in prosperity and in adversity.—
as it were incorporated with it. The carbon '& i. (?ruW. ' ^ -^ •'
Palm-wine. — On the warmer plains, the
wine-palm (Cocos butyracea) is grown. I saw
many of them near San Ubaldo. The wine
is very simply prepared. The tree is felled,
and an oblong hole cut into it, just below the
crown of leaves. This hole is eight inches
deep, passing nearly through the trunk. It
is about a foot long and four inches broad ;
and in this hollow the juice of the tree im-
mediately begins to collect, scarcely any run-
ning out at the butt where it has been cut
off. This tendency of the sap to ascend is
well shown in another plant, the water liana
THE FRIEND.
349
ro gel the water from this it must bo cut first
i8 high as one can reach ; then about a foot
rem the ground, and out of a length of about
.even feet, a pint of fine cool water will run ;
)ut if cut at the bottom first, the sap will as-
!end so rapidly that very little will be oh-
ained. In three days after cutting the wine-
)alm the hollow will be tilled witii a clear
•ellowish wine, the fermented juice of the
ree ; and this will continue to secrete daily
or twenty days, during which the tree will
lave 3-ielded some gallons of wine. I was
old that a very large grove of the trees was
^t down by the Government near Grenada, on
iccount of the excesses of the Indians, who
ised to assemble there on their festivals, and
ret drunk on the palm wine. The Indians
if Nicaragua, when the Spaniards first came
mongst them, objected to the preaching ot
he padres against intemperance. They said,
'getting drunk did no man any harm." —
Belt's Xaturalist in JS^icaragua.
"Rcfp the Heart Alive."
The longer I live, the more expedient I find
t to endeavor more and more to extend my
ympathies and aftections. The natural ten-
ienc3' of advancing }'ear8 is to narrow and
;ontract these feelings. I do not mean that
! wish to form a new friendship every day, to
Dcrease mj- circle of intimates ; these are very
lifferent affairs. But I find it conduces to
ny mental health and happiness to find out
ill I can which is amialile and lovable in
,hose I come in contact with, and make the
nost of it. It may fall very far short of what
[ was once wont to dream of; it may not sup-
)ly the place of what I have known, felt, and
iastcd, but it is better than nothing. It seems
;o keep the feelings and affections in exercise ;
t keeps the heart alive in its humanity; and
intil we shall all be spiritual this is alike our
iutv and our interest. — Bernard Barton.
For "The Friend."
.Something more about Animal Character.
(Continued from page 342 )
Speaking of cats exhibiting intelligence at
iimes, as marked as other animals, I am re
nainded of one that lived in the family of one
)f my relatives who evinced frequent in
stances of it; and on repeated occasions at
)ne time, she certainly showed remarkable
ihrewdness. They had been again and again
mnoj-ed by having the front door bell rung,
md on its being promptly attended to, find-
ing no one there. Concluding it was pro-
Bably done by some runaway boys, one day
when it had bee^p repeated pretty quickly in
succession, one of the family determined to
watch from the parlor window, to detect, if
he could, the offender. Soon the bell rang
igain, but no one had gone near the door step,
rhe mystery was now to be solved in some
^ther way ; when one of the girls in the
kitchen — which I think was in the basement — •
happened to observe that sometimes as soon
18 she opened the kitchen stair door, to at-
tend to the ringing of the front door bell, puss
would dash through, and up the stairs. They
then feeling satisfied, that she was at least on
the alert for these opportunities, she was
watched; and was soon discovered climbing
up to the top of a high wood pile in the cel-
lar,— which communicated with the kitchen,
the door being often opened, — over which the
bell-wire passed ; and jumping on it, or work-
ing at it in some way until the bell rang ;
then she would quickly spring down, and be and roof of his house, certainly exhibited al-
ready to run up the stairs, when the doorat the together, a most remarkable train of appar-
foot of them was opened. Here then seemed |ent reasoning and decision, which would bo
to be reasoning and drawing conclusions. She no discredit to human intellect.
The account fjiven in the first extracts from
P. G. 11. on animal character, of the cow who
was so restive her owner could not milk her
without letting her have a calf to lick, was
pened to ring the bell by bending the wire !somewhat curious. But there did not seem to
while walking on the top of the wood pile, [me anything very remarkable about it, nor
she observed cause and effect; and soon my ]calculated to "grate on our sensibilities,"
lady availed herselfof her acquired knowledge I that the cow, when she accidentall}- ri]iped
and ability to ])rotit by it, and rang the bell [open the bag made of the skin of her calf that
had observed that when the bell in the kitt'hen
was rung, the door was opened ; and when
on some occasion, indulging the cat ]iropen-
sity for climbing on high ]>laces, she had hap
when she wished some one to wait upon, and
open the door for her.
Though numerous instances are recorded of
the intelligence of the dog, some so extra-
ordinary, that they would be considered, had
man been the actor, as no small evidence of
the brightness of his intellect; — some indeed
too much 80 to be attributed to his reasoning
powers at all, but rather, to the immediate
had died, — which had been filled with ha}-, by
her master, and given her to lick to keep her
quiet, — should immediately eat the hay — the
provender she was in the habit of feeding
upon ; the delicious fragrance of which would
at once 8])eak for its identit}', though it was
found in so queer a place ; for I do not believe
she took it for her calf at all. It died so
soon — on the daj^ of its birth — she could
nfluence of an overruling Providence, — 3-01, hardly have known it as her calf, certainly
many more might doubtless be added to the! not long enough to be expected to love it.
list. 1 remember one instance which was re- And just supposing the unnatural dismal look-
lated b3- the owner of the dog to a member, ing lump, " without head or feet," had hap-
of our famil}', which was certainl3- ver}' re- pened to have ndled towards her, it is most
markable. The dog one evening had been
lying quietlj- before an open fire-place — ap-
parentl}- asleep. When he suddenly started
up and stood tor a short time as if listening.
He then went to the door and seemed anxious
to get out ; on its being opened heimmediatel}-
went through, and ran rapidl3- up the stairs
all the wa}^ to the garret door. It being sin-
gular, and so rare for him to act thus, and
being a ver3' intelligent dog, he was followed ;
on opening the door, for which he was eagerl3'
waiting, he went in paused awhile as if listen-
ing or dissatisfied, then soon came back, and
dashed down the stairs again to the front
door. Appearing impatient to go out, his
master promptly opened it ; when outside,
he waited on the neighbor's step which
joined that of his master, and seemed to en-
treat to have their door opened. His whole
conduct was so unaccountable, that they at
once rang the neighbor's bell — when he darted
in without ceremon}', running up their stairs
as he had done up his master's, and was fol-
lowed. I do not now remember what were
bis demonstrations when he was admitted into
their garret room : but they were such as in-
duced them to open the window ; when the
cause of his excitement and anxiet3'was soon
made manifest, b3' the discover}- of a man
who was hiding behind the stack of chimneys
between the two houses, where he had gone
with the intention of entering one, or both of
them for the purpose of robbery. How little
could the robber have imagined, that the
small noise he might make as he ensconced
himself closely to the chimney, would be com- Extract from a Testimony of Miami Quar-
municated by the flue to the parlor where \.\\ti<^terly Meeting concerning John Si7npson. — A few
famil}- sat. But that this dog should not only jdays before his decease, he desired the follow-
hear it, but should so promptly decide whence ling testimony to be taken down in writing,
itproceeded — thatthere wussomething wrongiand spread among his friends, as bis last
connected with it — and then immediately, upon legacy. Ho then observed, that "the nearer
probable she would have been so startled, she
would have attacke(i it with her horns. It is
no wonder "mamma first opened enormous
63*68, " and slouiij stooped her head towards
it. But seeing tiiat it laid still, and the 'juite
probat/ly familiar smell, bringing it home to
her as it were, she with the enjoyment that
cows seem to feel in licking each other, which
we so often see, soon began to indulge hor
propensity with just the "delightful tender-
ne-<s" she would feel in licking an3- calf not
her own, or another cow — nothing more :
(love apparentl3', often having nothing to do
with it, though where love exists it may en-
hance the pleasure.) And she having taken
such special delight in this soothing indul-
gence that, " a calf" not it would seem ne-
cessarily her own, had to be brought to keep
her quiet when being milked. And why
should she manifest " surprise" on finding the
hay ? The surprise was experienced, and
manifested, when she first saw the strange look-
ing ma«s — having a recognized smell, which
mav have influenced her rather sooner, under
such odd circumstances, to indulge her in-
clination for licking her kind; but not because
she really took it for a living calf, much less
for her own offspring ; and doubtless she was
the more inclined to continue so doing from
day to day, because she perceived the refresh-
ing odor of the ha3- from the carelessly made
bag, with the promise, or an indefinite hope
of the coming feast from within.
CTo be continued.)
the readiest, yes the only wa3' to detect it —
that he should seem to know that by going
up the stairs they might get out upon the
he drew to the close of life, the plainer he
saw, and the clearer evidence he had, that the
greatest deception Satan practiced upon man-
roof to do this — and, finding when there the kind was, he persuaded them that they could
object of his search could not bo reached, that be Christians without haptism, that is, spiritual
he should forthwith infer from appearances, : baptism, but it was his express desire, that
that the neighbor's chimney was attached to they might not be deceived; but be willing
his master's, and without any dela3^ come to to endure that baptism, which Christ was
the conclusion that the only way to accomplish baptised with," frequently repeating, "there
his purpose was to proceed to the stair way, is no other way — there is no other way."
350
THE FRIEND.
cessively towards different parts of the heavens,
he counted the number of stars which were visi-
ble at any single view. The field of view of
this reflector was 15' in diameter, so that the
portion of the sliy inchided in any one view
selected and offered for insertion in " The was less than one-fourth of that covered by
For "The Friend."
From a new English work on " The Uni-
verse," by Eichard A. Proctei-, " recently con-
firmed by the chief astronomers of Great
Britain," the following portions have been
Friend." In selecting what is believed will
most interest the general reader, it has been
found necessary occasionally to change a few
words in order to make suitable connection
of different parts ; but it is believed that in no
case has sxny change of idea resulted. Many
ideas and theories entirely new, are pro-
pounded respecting the construction of the
starrj' heavens; and these are illustrated in
80 clear and forcible a manner, and withal in
such strict accordance with recent discoveries,
as cannot fail to render the work from which
these selections are made, of great interest
and value to those who are at all interested in
the grand and noble science of astronomj-.
Star Streams.
To those who rightly appreciate its mean-
ing, the Milky Way is the most magnificent
of all astronomical phenomena. However
opinions may vary as to the configuration of,
the moon. He found the number of stars
visible in different parts of the heavens, in a
field of view of this size to be very variable.
Sometimes there were but two or three stars
in the field ; indeed, on one occasion hecountcd
onlj- three stars in fuur fields. In other parts
of the heavens the whole field was crowded
with stars. In the richer parts of the gala.xy
as many as 400 or 500 stars would be visible
at once, and on one occasion he saw as mani-
as 588. He calculated that in one quarter of
an hour, 116,000 stars traversed the field of
his telescope, when the richest part of the
galaxy was under observation. Now, on the
assumption above named, the number of stars
visible when the telescope was pointed in
any given direction was a criterion of the
depth of the bed of stars in that direction.
Thus, by combining a large number of ob-
servations, a conception — rough, indeed, but
instructive — might be formed of the figure of
the star-streams composing this object, no i that stratum of stars within which our sun is
doubt now exists among astronomers that situated.
the Milky Way consists really of suns, s ime Herschel had noticed, so early as 1785, that
doubless falling short of our own sun in bril-
liancy, but many probably surpassing it.
Around these suns, we may fairly conceive,
there is a tendency in the Milky Way to clus-
ter around definite regions of the heavens
and he saw that the fact of such clusterin;
there revolve systems of dependent orbs, each' was sufticient to account for many irregulari-
supporting its myriads of living creatures.,! ties of its figure, quite irrespectively of the
We have afforded to us a noble theme for con-] absolute extent of the Milky Way in space,
templation, in the consideration of the endless|If we are looking from a height at the lights
diver.sities of structure, and of arrangement, I of a large town, we may fairly assume that a
which must prevail throughout this immeu- row of "many lights very closely ranged, lies
sity of systems.
I propose to examine what is known of
this marvellous object, and to j^resent some
considerations which appear to me to have
an important bearing on the views we should
form of its structure.
Galileo was the first to prove, though earlier
astronomers had entertained the notion, that
the Milky Way is composed of a vast num-
ber of stars, crowded closely together. But
no attempt was made to offer a theorj- of its
structure until, in 175-t, Thomas Wright, in
his ' Theory of the Universe,' propounded
vievs-s closely according with those entertained
later b^- Sir. AV. Herschel. Wright, having
examined a portion of the galaxy with a re-
flecting telescope, only one foot in focal length,
came to the conclusion that our sun is in the
midst of a vast stratum of stars; that it is
when we look along the direction in which
this stratum extends, that we see the zone of
light constituting the Milky Way; and that
as the line of sight is inclined at a greater
and greater angTe to the mean plane of the
stratum, the ap|)arent density of the star-
grouping gradually diminishes.
But it is to Sir. W. Herschel, and the sup-
plementary labors of Sir. J. Her.schd, that we
owe the more di-fiiiite views now commonly
entertained respecting the Via Lactea. The
elder Herschel, whose nobly speculative views
of nature were accompanied by practical com-
mon sense, and a wonderful power of patient
observation, applied to the heavens his cele-
brated method of gauging. He assumed as a
first principle, to be modified by the results
of observation, that there is a tolerable uni-
formity in the distribution of stars through
space. Directing his twenty feet reflector suc-
sult agreeing, in a most remarkable mannc
with those obtained by Sir William Hersch^
It appeared, however, that the southern hen
sphere is somewhat richer in stars than il
northern, a result which has been aceepii
as indicating that our sj-stem is probub
somewhat nearer the southern than the nort
ern part of the galactic nebula. Moreove
Sir J. Herschel was led to believe that tl
sidereal system forms a cloven flat ring rath(
than a disc.
Combining the results obtained by the t^
Herschels, we should assign to the stratum
stars a figure somewhat resembling that ut
solid cloven disc.
The main ditticulties in attempting to for
an estimate of the real configuration of i
galactic system are those which have be, ,
already mentioned. Have we evidence coi |
firming or disproving (1) the tendenc}' i i
clustering suggested tjy the elder Herschi
(2) the possible variability among star-mu: |
nitudes, and (3j the action of influences e;
erted by large stars in guiding or swaj-in
others? It appears to me that there are ii
dications of a very obvious and importui
character, which have been either altogetln
unnoticed, or much less noticed than they d
serve.
If any connection should appear betwcc
the configuration of our galax}', and the :i
rangement of stars which are assumed to I
much nearer to us than the Milky Way,
will be obvious that we must somewhat modil
the views held by the two Herschels respeui
ing the sidereal .system.
Now, I think one can trace a connectio
between the stars readily visible to the nake
eye, and that stream of nebulous light whie
the view we are examining teaches us to c(ii
sider as at an enormous distance beyond thus
stars. In the northern portion, perhaps, tli
connection is not very remarkable. We se
at a greater distance from us than another
row containing lights more widely dispersed,
if we have reason to suppose that throughout
all the streets of the town the lights are
separated by distances approximately equal. I that a large number of the brighter stars ii
But if we have reason to suspect that there j on or near the Milky Way, but the rclati -
are some streets lighted more fully than i is not so marked that we can regard this :ii
others, the inference would be no longer valid, jrangement as po-itive evidence "of aggrc-':
And again, Herschel suspected that there arejtion. However, I think no one who "has a i
stars so large as to bear a sort of sway among jtentively examined the glories of Orion, ih '
other stars by superior attractive influence. richly-Jeweled Taurus, the singular festoon l.
Here, then, was another element of difficulty, stars in Perseus, and the closely set stars c^
since it becomes clear (Ij that the brilliancy Ca.ssiopeia, but must have felt that the assc
of a star is no po.sitive evidence of proximity ; 'elation of splendor along this streak of th
and (2) that there may be (besides the obvious j heavens is not wholly accidental. The star
clusterings already considered) laws of sys- here seem to form a system, and a .systen
tematic distribution, which might largely I which one can hardly conceive to be wholl;
modify the evidence aftbrded by sUir-gauging. ! unconnected with the neighboring stream 6
For instance, returning to the illustration 'the Milky Way. But in the southern poi
given above, if we have reason to suspect ,'tion the arrangement is yet more remarkabi
that there are many lights of superior bril- and significant. From ScoriTio, over the fee
liancy, in some parts of a town, and that of the Centaur, over the keel of Argo, to Cani
further there are in some streets laws of ar- Major, there is a clustering of brilliant stars
rangement among the lights, or that there are ^vhich it seems wholly impossible not to con
irregularities of surface-contour, which pro-jnect with the background of nebulous light
duce here and there a greater or less fore- 1 It is noteworthy, also, that this stream of stan
shorteningthan would result on a levelground, 'merges into the stream commencing with thi
we should have to make allowance for these 'group of Orion already noticed. Nor is thii
points in attempting to form an estimate of all. It is impossible not to be struck by th(
the distances at which the different parts of marked absence of bright stars in the regio
the town are removed from us. j of the heavens between Algol, Crux, and'Coi
Still, the results obtained by Sir. W. Her-jvus. One has the impression that the stai
schel have very properly been accepted as
affording general evidence of high value.
Sir J. Herschel, during his residence at the
Cape of Good Hope, carried out an extensive
series of observations of the southern heavens.
Applying his father's method of gauging, with i God will never fail those who truly rel^
a telescope of equal power, he obtained a re- • and depend on Him to the end.
have been attracted towards the region i>
the stream indicated, so as to leave thisspaei
comparatively bare.
(To be continued.)
THE FRIEND.
351
Fur "Tile Frii-u.l."
Tho following remarks upon the testiiiion}'
' the earlv ^Methodists against a conformity
it!i
the spiiit of the world, are taken irom golf u])on it.
tifteen hundred feet in the direction of a |over six feet in height, and weighs now 209
grave, he had strength enough remaining to
enable him to climb the rock and to seat him-
number of the Christian Aii vacate
■ It was especially in the departments of
iiiiisrments and of dress, that 'old-fashioned
Ifthndism' made its protests against the
lirii and fashions of the world. Tothesuper-
lial this maj- seem to indicate a narrowness
I' \ icw, and capriciouaness of selection, but
ii-<'r observation will detect a deep religious
,lhiliiso|ihy in it. The temptations that most
lerlainl\- lead Christians astray are those that
Dme in tho form of allurements to pleasure —
le lusts of the tiesh,.the lusls of the ej-e, and
e ])ride of life^and these all find their grati-
cations in amusements, and gay equipage.
'be de|)th of religious convictions, and the
arnestness of purpose to lay hold on eternal
fe, which especially characterized the ori-
inal Methodists, impelled them to get as far
possible out of the way of temptations bj^
voiding whatever might draw them toward
tie world.
It was not, therefore, merely a blind su-
erstitiou and asceticism that impelled them
3 the singularities that distinguished them,
'hey dreaded the very appearance of evil,
nd carefully avoided its forms ; and recoguiz
ag themselves as leading a life hid with Christ
1 God, the}' were not ashamed to appear as
ilgrims and strangers in the sight of those
?ho knew them not. The earnest desire,
ften amounting to a passion, manifested for
ostly array, and for fashionalile amusements,
fpith some professed christians, are infallible
Indications of the decay of all deep religious
ionvietion and earnest impulses toward the
S'hristian life. It is only when the heart is
ipithout the rich consolations of religion that
it hungers and thirsts after the pleasures of
Lhe world. * * * We are not of those who
iontemplate without painful alarm the preva
ence of the spii it and the practices of worldly
:onformity among our people."
The Hero of Magara.
The following detailed account of the re-
cent accident at Niagara, and the gallant
(■escue of the victim, is given by the Buftalo
Courier: William McCullough, a painter by
■.rude, aged about sixty years, and a respected
[iitizen of Niagara Falls, was engaged in paint-
fng the middle bridge which spans the torrent
,hat rushes between the first and second of
;^.he Three Sister Islands. He occupied a
oosition, with a companion, on a scaffold
.vhich had been swung down on the lower
iide of the bridge. Approaching his fellow-
ivorkman, he asked him for some putty, and,
•eceiving the same, he stepped back just a
'ittle too far, and in an instant was on his
Jack at the bottom of the torrent. The other
woikraan and George E. Curtis, who wit-
lessed the accident, and who were puralyzed
Tiy what seemed to be tho inevitable fate of
MtcCullough, watched the disappearing form
till it was swept out of the more rapid current
nto a small edd}-, from the midst of which
rose a rock. Against this rock, which is
fairly submerged, McCullough was thrown,
having been rolled over on his face just before
reaching it, and, with the instinct of a drown-
ing man, he clung to it. At the rock the water
is between four and five feet deep, and, al-
though stunned by the fall and exhausted by
the angry waters which had borne him about ' heroic qualities,
The plan of a rescue was not easy to solve,
and the question of the power of endurance
remaining to the old man was a serious one.
Fortunately Mv. Pettibone had informed the
people at the Cave of the Winds that a man
had fallen from the bridge, and Thomas Con-
ro}', one of the guitles, heard the remark, lie
knevv he was the only man that could save
McCullough. Some distance above tho rock
he found awaiting use a coil of rope, about an
inch in thickness, and passed it into the bands
of about a dozen or fifteen men. He con-
sulted nobody — he asked no one's advice ; but,
with as much coolness as if he were proceed-
ing to his dinner, he took one end of the rope in
his left hand, told them to play it out to liim,
descended tho bank, and proceeded into the
river, onlj- taking the precaution to divest
himself of his boots.
About forty feet from the shore he discov-
ered that the rocks over which he picked his
way were too slippery in the strong current,
and he returned. He sent to the Cave of the
Winds for his felt shoes, and these were
brought to him with the utmost despatch.
These donned he again started on his perilous
journey from a point about two hundred feet
above the rock on which sat McCullough.
Cautiously, but with imperturbable coolness,
be moved out in an oblique direction till lie had
reached a point beyond the line of the rock,
the waters at every step threatening to sweep
him out of sight. Carefully he picked his
way, now in shallow water and now in deep,
and down with the angry tide ho went till he
reached the rock, and found awaiting his
coming a man shivering, exhausted, and al-
most incapable of utterance.
He tied the ro])e about McCullough's waist,
took hold of it himself with his left hand sim-
ply, and both started for the shore. For a
luindred feet or so Conroj^ had not oidy to
look out for himself, but for the enfeebled old
man in his charge. It was hard work, but
thiy made this distance without accident.
The end was not yet, however, for as they
entered the torrent which ran between the
shore and the rock both were swept off their
feet and buried in the mad waters. The men
on shore pulled the rope as rapidly as was
safe, and McCullough and his rescuer were
dragged ashore. The paper mill whistle blew
the hour of noon just as Conroy and McCul-
lough reached the bank, and simultaneously
with this huzzas rent the air and ecstasy
usurped the place of dread anxiety. The
crowd, wishing to testify promptly and sub-
stantially to their appreciation of Conroy's
heroism, took up a collection for him, and
about $200 were handed to him.
W. McCullough's condition was found to
be quite serious, partial delirium having set
in, but no fatal consequences are anticipated.
The hero was born in Ottawa, Canada,
twenty-five years of age, of Irish parentage,
but spent his early boyhood in Montreal. For
seven years he was a sailor along the New-
foundland coast, and only about seven years
have elapsed since he first became a citizen
of Niagara Falls. In the fall of 1872 he made
an excursion with Professor Tyndall under
the Falls, in a report of which the eminent
scientist showed his appreciation of Conroy's
He is a quarter of an inch
pounds, althougli bis full avoirdupois is 220.
Ho has a powerful li-ame, a quiet pair of eyes,
brown hair and sandy mustache.
He has enormous strength and unfailing
courage, and seems unwitting of the posses-
sion of any great (jualitios of body, mind or
heart, all of which are pre-eminentl}' his. He
has a wife and three children, of whom he is
proud, and works hard as a guide at the Cave
o{' tho Wiiuls for their maintenance. — Late
Paper.
Selected.
I well remember, said an eminent minister
in I^orth Wales, that when the Sjiirit of God
first convinced me of my sin and danger, and
of the many difficulties and enemies I must
encounter, if ever I intended reaching heaven,
I was often to tho last degree in fear ; the
prospect of tho many strong temptations and
allurements, to which my youthful years
would unavoidably expose me, greatly dis-
couraged me. I often used to tell an aged
soldier of Christ, that I wished I had borne
the burden and heat of the day like him. His
usual reply was, that so long as I feared and
was humbly dependent upon God, I should
never fall, but certainly prevail. I have found
it so. O, blessed be the Lord, that 1 can now
raise up my Ebenezer, and say, "Hitherto
hath the Lord helped me." — Ittmarkable Provi-
dences.
Antiquarian Discovery in the Crimea. — The
Cologne Gazette says: "Last .year, near
Kertch, three catacombs were discovered.
One of them is situated on the northern slope
of the Mithridates Mount, and its interior is
decorated with stucco work and pictures in
fresco, in which various animals and hunting
scenes are represented. At tho entrance there
are visible on the side walls, where the stucco
has fallen oft', symbols, monograms, and figures
of animals, cut with sharp tools. Mr. Ijucenko,
the director of the Kertch Museum, has since
opened two catacombs, which, however, have
proved less interesting. In the opinion of an-
tiquaries, the paintings found in the catacombs
belong to an Oriental people. As evidence of
this are pointed out the high headdresses and
helmets of the warriors, and the short manes
of the horses, which are represented as they
are on the Assyrian monuments. As the
bright colors of the pictures were becoming
dimmed through contact with the damp at-
mosphere, the entrance to the catacombs has
for a time been closed in order to protect the
pictures from entire destruction. In the re-
presentations of battles, fighting men of two
difterent nationalities are clearly distinguish-
able. One class have round beardless faces,
and wear armor which covers the whole body
and extends down to the ankles. Their arms
consist of two lances and a round shield. The
other class, their opponents, have beards and
thick long hair. Thoy are armed with bows,
lances and square shields. The bearded men
appear to bo besieged, whence it may be con-
cluded that these frescoes are tho productions
of their beardless assailants. On other pic-
tures are represented bears, wild boars, stags,
birds of various kinds, and plants with large
broad leaves. Especially remarkable is a pic-
ture which represents an animal resembling
a lion, and behind in the air a winged Cupid
in a sort of Roman drapery. Besides these
frescoes there have been found two small
statuettes of clay, one of which represents the
352
THE FRIEND.
sitting figure of a woman, who holds in her
right hand aflat, cup shaped vessel, and wears
a high three-cornered head dress. This figure
has a remarkable resemblance to the stone
figures of women found in the grave mounds
of the steppes. The other statuette, also that
of a woman, likewise wears a remarkable
three-parted head dress."
Ticks. — No one who has not lived and moved
about amongst the bush of the trojiics can
appreciate what a torment the different para-
sitical species of acnrus or ticks are. On mj
first journey in northern Brazil, I had my
legs inflamed and ulcerated from the ankles
to the knees, from the irritation produced by
a minute red tick that is brushed oft" the low
shrubs, and attaches itself to the passer-by.
This little insect is called the " Moeim" by
the Brazilians, and is a great torment. It is
so minute that except by careful searching it
cannot be perceived, and it causes an intolera-
ble itching. If the skin wore thickly covered
with hair, it would be next to impossible to
get rid of it. Through all tropical America,
during the dry season, a brown tick (Ixodes
bovis), varying in size from a pin's head to a
pea, is very abundant. In Nicaragua, in April,
they are very small, and swarm upon the
plains, so that the traveller often gets covered
with them. They get up on the tips of the
leaves, and shoots of low shrubs, and stand
with their hind legs stretched out. Each foot
has two hooks or claws, and with these it
lays hold of any animal brushing past. All
large land animals seem subject to their at-
tacks. I have seen them on snakes and igu-
anas, on many of the large birds, especially'on
the curassows, and the3' abound on all the
larger mammals, together with some of the
small ones. Sick and weak animals are par-
ticularly infested with them, probably because
they have not t he strength to rub and pick them
off, and they must often hasten, if they do not
cause their death. The herdsmen or " vac-
queros," keep a ball of soft wax at their houses,
which they rub over their skin when they
come in from the plains, the small "garra-
patos" sticking to it, whilst the larger ones
are picked off.—Bdfs Naturalist in Nicaragua.
To pass through life without sorrow, would
naturally speaking be good ; but patiently to
bear sorrow, and profit by it, is still better;
the former is a temporary good, the latter
eternal.
THE FRIEND.
SIXTH MONTH 20. 1874.
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
Foreign.— It h reported thai the steamer Queen
lilizabeth, recently lost near Gibraltar, had on hoard
one of the most valuable cargoes ever shipped from
4o^'.o'oAn'^'"','"J.^"'''„™''"'°'""'^<^'^'"g° '« estimated at
S!2,.')40,000, including $1,0.50,000 worth of indigo S'^50 -
000 worth of tea, and $11.5,000 of silk, shellac and
other articles. The vessel was valued at S135 000
making the aggregate loss $2,77-5,000. The vessel and
cargo were insured for nearly $2,000,000.
The authorities of London, after careful scientific in-
vestigation, have concluded to pave the streets with
wood and asphalt exclusively.
In the House of Commons, Gladstone has presented
_a petition to Parliament, signed by 86,000 laborers, ask-
ing lor the assimilation of county and borough fran-
chises. °
In the House of Commons, Bourke, Under-Secretary
lor I'oreign Afikirs, in reply to a question from John
Simon, said the draft of a code sent by the government
of Russia for consideration by the Congress upon Inter-
national Law, soon to assemble at Brussels, relates to
the e.vercise of military authority in an enemy's coun-
try, the distinction between combatants and non-com-
batants, various modes of warfare, reprisals, &c. Bourke
added that the British government had not yet decided
whether it would send delegates to the C'ongres.s.
An e.xcellent registration system of births, marriages
and deaths in the British isles enables the Registrar
General to make an annual estimate of the population
that is nearly as accurate as the regular census. For
the year 1874 the estimate is 32,412,010, an increase of
928,319 since the last census in 1871. There is an in-
crease of 936,363 in England and Wales, and 102,898
in Scotland, and a decrease of 111,093 in Ireland. The
largest cities are London, with 3,400,700 inhabitants-
Liverpool, .510,640; Glasgow, 508,109; Birmingham
360,892; Manchester, 35.5,339; Dublin, 314,666; Leeds'
278,798; Sheffield, 261,029; Edinburg, 211,691 ■ Bri.stol
192,889. B, , , ,
A Calcutta dispatch of the 9th says: Advices from
the famine-stricken districts are more favorable. Cases
of actual starvation are now rare. Numbers of persons
employed at various relief works are leaving in conse-
quence of rains, which prevail evervwbere.
The purchase of livings in the Established Church of
England is once more the subject of much attention in
that country. As at present, any man who has taken
the necessary degree at the University, and has money
enough, may buy a living, the conse(|uenceis that many
men unfit for the position, obtain them in this manner.
The population of Sweden at the end of 1867 was
4,195,000 ; in 1869, only 4,158,000 ; 1870, 4,168,000, and
in 1872, again 4,250,000.
London, 6th mo. 15th.— Consols 921. U. S. sixes
186.5, 108}.
Liverpool.— Uplands cotton, 8 5-16d
A Vienna dispatch of the 11th says: The Inter-
national Sanitary Congress has been postponed until
January 9, 1875.
The Spiinish government has authorized its generals
commanding the national forces in the north, to grant
pardons to Carlists who give in their submission to the
government.
A dispatch from the Spanish frontier says that numer-
ous bands of the Basque provinces have revolted against
Don Carlos, demanding peace. Don Carlos has ordered
that upon capture they shall be shot.
A special to the Times from Spain says. General
Concha and staff have left Logrono for Tisdela. Thirty
thousand rational troops are marching to the Comescras
valley. The Carlist army under Dorregarav numbers
24,000 men.
It is reported that eighteen Carlist officers have been
shot at Toloza, by order of Don Carlo.s, for mutiny.
The French National .Assembly continues violently
excited. The feeling is especially bitter between the
Bonapartists and Radical Republicans. It was neces-
sary to place a strong guard on the train which con-
veyed the deputies from Versailles to Paris, the even-
ing of the lOih inst., to protect the Bonapartists from
Gambelta's supporters. The Imperialist journals con-
tain violent attacks on the Left. On the return of the
Deputies from Versailles, Count St. Croix struck Gam-
betta across the face with a stick, for which he was
promptly arrested. For this outrage the Count was
fined and sentenced to six month's imprisonment.
The Left claims 330 members, pledged to vote for the
dissolution of the Assembly, and they only require 30
more to carry the motion, which they intend to intro-
duce at an early day.
On the 10th the Assembly, by a vote of 348 to 337,
adopted an amendment to the municipal electoral bill'
fixing the age of electors at twenty-one instead of twenty-
five years as proposed by the government, which was
thus defeated on a vital provision of the bill.
On the loth a constitutional bill prepared by the Left
Centre was introduced by (;asimer Perier, who moved
Its consideration be declared "urgent." He said the
country demanded the termination of the provisional
state. He urged union against Bonapartism and dema-
gogues. Laboulaye supported the motion for" urgency."
He said recent events had shown the dangers of a pro-
visional condition. A monarchy was impo.ssible, and
the I^mpire would only lead to the invasion and op-
pression of France. The Republic was the government
ot all for all, and its establishment would inspire the
country with confidence. The vote was then taken on
the motion for urgency and it was agreed to, ye.as 345,
nays 341, all the ministers voting against it, but in their
capacity as members of the A.ssembly only, the motion
not being made a cabinet question.
After this vote a resolution from the extreme Right
was read amid profound silence. It declares that th
government of France is a monarchy ; the throne be
longs to the head of the house of France ; Marsha
MacMahon may assume the title of Lieutenant of th
kingdom, and the national constitution be determinei
by agreement between the king and national represen
tatives. A motion that the resolution should bereferrec
to a committee was defeated by a large majority.
United States.— The House of Representative
has pas.sed the bill appropriating $500,000 for the re
lief of the sufferers by the floods in the Mississippi
Alabama and Tombigbee rivers.
The Senate and House have been unable to agree oi
the currency bill. It seems to be well understood tha
any measure increasing the paper circulation will b(
vetoed by the President. The majority of Congress
seems bent on infl.ation, while the President is fiillj
committed against that cour.se, and favors contraetior
as one of the steps toward a resumption of specie pay-
ments.
A recent law of Mississippi requires that no person
shall be licensed to retail spirituous liquors until he
has first secured the recommendation of more than hall
the men over twenty-one years of age, and more than
half the women over eighteen years of age in the cor-
poration or township where he desires the license.
There were 480 deaths in New York city last week,
and 314 in Philadelphia. ' '
The " Day Express" train on the Peniisvlvania RailJ
road now leaves Pittsburg at 7.45 A. M., and arrives in.
Philadelphia at 6.40 p. m. There are two stops made
at which the engines are changed, at Altoona and Har-
risburg, the former being five minutes and the latter
twenty minutes, so that the train actually runs this dis-
tance, 354 miles, in KU hours.
Hie Market.% <£c.— The following were the quotations
on the L5th inst. New Tori.— American gold, llOf.
U. S. sixes, 1881, registered, 116 J; coupons, 121; do.
1868, registered, 116j ; coupons, 120} ; U. S 5 per cents,
113.}. Superfine flour, $4.85 a $5.30 ; State extra, *5.80
a $6.25 ; finer brands, $6.-50 a $10.25. No. 1 Chica.'o
spring wheat, $1,46; No. 2 do., $1.40; No. 3, $1.39; red
western, t.l..50 a $1.-52; white Ohio, $1.-58. Oats, 64 a
71 cts. Western mixed corn, 84 a 86 cts. ; yellow, 85i
a 86J cts. ; white, 90 a 92 cts. Carolina rice, 8i cts. ;i
Rangoon, 6 J a 7 J cts. Philadelphia.— Vphndsi and New,
Orleans cotton, 18} a 1S| cts. Superfine flour, $4.75 a,
$0.50 ; extras, $5.50 a $6 ; finer brands, *6.50 a $10 25
Penna. red wheat, $1.50 a $1.53; amber, $1.57 ; western
red *1.40 a $1.48 ; white spring, $1.45; No. 1 spring,
*1.35. Rye, 95 cts. Y'ellow corn, 80 a82 cts. Oats, -59 a
63 cts. Lard, Hi a 11| cts. Clover-seed, 9^ a lOi cts.
About 2600 beef cattle were sold at 7} a 7| cts. per lb.,
gross for extra, 6] a 7 cts. for fair to good^ and 5 a 6
cts. for common. Sheep .sold at 5 a 6] cts. per lb. gross.
Receipts 8000 head. Corn fed hogs $8.25 a $8.50 per
I001b.net. Receipts 4000 head. i?a/(™ore.— Western
superfine flour, $4.-50 a $5.25 ; family flour, $6.50 a $8 ;
finer brands, $8 a $11. Western red wheat, $140 a
$1.46; western spring, $1.30 a $1.37. Southern white
corn, 90 a 91 cts.; yellow, 81 a 82 cts. Oat.s, 66 a 72
cts. CAjcajjo.— No. 1 spring wheat, $1.20 ; No. 2 do.,
$1.18. No. 2 mixed corn, 62 cts. Oats, 47 cts. No.2
rye, 84 cts. St. Louis.— ^o. 3 fall wheat, $1.20 ; No. 2
spring, $1,081. No. 2 mixed corn, 60 a 61 cts. Oats
47 a 48 cts. Rye, 75 cts. Cleveland "
$1.3S;No. 2do., $1.30. Corn, 70
55 cts.
nd. — No. 1 red wheat,]
• a 71 cts. Oats, 53 a'
RASPBERRY STREET COLORED SCHOOL
FOR GIRLS.
Wanted, an energetic competent Teacher for the
above School, to commence 9th month 1st. Apply to
Eliza B. Edwards, 516 Spruce street,
Rachel S. Maris, 127 South Fifth street,
Sarah E. Smith, 1110 Pine street.
HAVERFORD COLLEGE.
The next Term will commence on Fourth-day, 9th
mo 2nd, 1874. Applications for admissions should be
addressed to Samuel J. Gummere, President,
Haverford College, Montgomery Co., Pa.
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE.
Near Frankford, (Twenty-third Ward,) Philadelphia.
Physician and Superintendent— Joshua H. Worth-
INGTON, M. D.
Applications for the Admission of Patients may be
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Board of
Managers.
WILLIAM H. PILE, PRINTER.
No. 422 Walnut Street.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. ZLVir.
SEVEXTH-DAY, SIXTH MONTH 27, 1874.
NO. 45.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
ice Two Dollars per annum, if paid in advance. Two
dollar.s and fifty cents, if not paid in advance.
Subscriptions and Payments locctved bj
JOHN S. STOKES,
IT NO. 116 NORTH POnRTH STREET, UP STAIRS,
PHILADELPHIA.
stage, when paid quarterly in advance, five cents.
Star Streams.
(Coutinued from page 3o0.)
Now, this last circumstance would appear
38 remarkable if the paucity of stars here
)ticed were common also in parts of the
?aven8 far removed from the Milky AVay.
ut this is not the case. Beyond this very
gioii, which we find so bare of stars, we
ime upon a region in which stars are clus-
ired in considerable density, a region includ-
,g Crater, Corvus, and Virgo, with the eon-
licuous stars Algores, Alkes, and .Spica. But
hat is very remarkable, while we can trace
connection between the stream of bright
ars over the Milkj' Way, and the stream of
ibulons light in the background, it is obvious
at the two streams are not absolutely coin-
fient in direction. The stream lies on one
lie of the ^Milk)- Way near Scorpio, crosses
in the neighborhood of Crux, and passes to
e other side along Canis Major, Orion, and
iurus. Does the stream return to the Milky
ay? It seems to me that there is clear evi-
nce of a separation near Aldebaran, one
aneh curving through Auriga, Perseus, and
issiopeia, the other proceeding (more nearly
the direction originally observed) through
•ies (throwing out an outlier along the band
Pisces), over the square of Pegasus, and
Dng the streams which the ancients com-
red to water from the urn of Aquarius (but
lich in our modern maps are divided between
inarius and Grus). The stream-formation
re is very marked, as is evident from the
enomenon having attracted the notice of
tronomers so long ago. But modern travels
ve brought within our ken the continuation
the stream over Toucan, Hydrus, and Reti-
lum (the two latter names being doubtless
^gested by the convolutions of the stream
this neighborhood). Here the stream seems
end in a sort of double loop, and it is not
ittle remarkable that the Nubecula Major
Is within one loop, the Nubecula Minor with-
i the other. It is also noteworthy that from
t J foot of Orion there is another remarkable
6eam of stars, recognised by the ancients
Tder the name of the River Eridanus, which
]3ceeds in a sinuous course towards this
fue region of the Nubecuke.
Having thus met with evidence — striking
i least, if not decisive, — of a tendency to
aggregation into streams, let us consider if, in
other parts of the heavens, similar traces may
not be ob.servable. We traced a stream from
Scorpio towards Orion, and so round in a
spiral to the Nuliecul;e. l-~* "'-■ nr-- --..„
to Scorpio, and trace tui. Atvoam (if any ap-
pear) in the contrary direction. Now although
over the northern hemisphere star streams
are not nearly so marked as over the southern,
yet there appears a decided indication of
stream-formation along Serpens and Corona
over the group on the left hand of Bootes to
the Great Bear. A branch of this stream,
starting from Corona, traverses the body ol
Bootes, Berenice's Hair, the Sickle in Leo,
the Beehive in Cancer, passing over Castor
and Pollux in Gemini, towards Capella. A
branch from the feet of Gemini passes over
Canis Minor, along Hydra (so named doubt-
less from the obvious tendency to stream-
formation along the length of this constella-
tion), and so to the right claw of Scorpio.
One other remarkable congeries of stars is
to be mentioned. From the northern part of
the Milky Way there will be noticed a pro-
jection towards the north pole from the head
of Cepheus. This projection seems to merge
itself in a complex convolution of stars form-
ing the ancient constellation Draco, which
doubtless included the ancient (but probably
less ancient) constellation Ursa Minor. After
following the convolutions of Draco, we reach
the bright stars Alwaid and Etanin of this
constellation, and thence the stream passes
to L}-ra, where it seems to divide into two,
one passing through Hercules, the other along
Aquila, curving into the remarkable group
Delphinus.
The streams here considered, include everj'
conspicuous star in the heavens. But the
question will at once suggest itself, whether
we have not been following a merel}' fanciful
scheme, whether all these apparent streams
might not very well be supposed to result
from mere accident. Now, from experiments
I have made, I am inclined to believe that in
any chance distribution of points over a sur-
face, the chance against the occurrence of a
single stream as marked as that which lies
(in partj along the back of Grus, or as the
curved stream of bright stars along Scorpio,
is very great indeed. I am certain that the
occurrence of maiiij such streams is altogether
improbable. And wherever one observes a
tendency to stream-formation in objects ap-
parently distributed wholly by chance, one is
led to suspect, and thence olten to detect the
operation otlaw. 1 will take an illustration,
very homely perhaps, but which will serve
admirably to explain my meaning. In soapy
water, left in a basin alter washing, there will
often be noticed a tendency to the formation
'of spiral whorls on the surface. In other cases
there may be no definite spirality, but still a
'tendency to stream formation. Now, in this
'case, it is easy to see that the curved bottom
of the basin has assisted to generate streams
in the water, either circulating in one direc-
tion, or oppoMing and modifviiig each other's
effects, ai-cording to the accidental character
of thojJisturbance given to the water in the
"ca?i" oe no doubt of the'causcnf. r:ourso, tlij^jcV
phenomena; and I believe tha^ in everj^'case
in which even a single marked stream is seen
in any congeries of spots or points, a little
consideration will su<;gcst a regulating cause
to which the peculiarity may be referred.
It is hardly necessary to say that, if the
stream-formation I have indicated is con-
sidered to be really referable to systematic
distribution, the theory of a stratum of stars
distributed with any approach to uniformity,
either as respects magnitude or distance, must
be abandoned. It seems to mo to be also quite
clear that the immense extent of the galaxy
as compared with the distances of the 'lucid'
stars from us, could no longer be maintained.
On this last point we have other evidence,
which I will briefly consider.
First, there is the evidence afforded by clus-
terings in the Milky VV^ay. I will select one
which is well known to every telescopist,
numelv, the magnificent cluster on the sword-
hand of Perseus. No doubt can be entertained
that this cluster belongs to the galtctic sys-
tem, that is, that it is not an e.r^ern'i/ cluster:
the evidence from the configuration of the
spot and from the position it occupies, is con-
clusive on this point. Now, within thi-* spot,
which shows no stars to the naked eye, a
telescope of moderate power reveals a multi-
tude of brilliant stars, the brightest of which
are of about the seventh magnitude. Around
these there still appears a milky unresolved
litcht. If a telescope of higher power be ap-
plied, more stars are seen, and around these
there still remains a nebulous light. Increase
power until the whole fifid blazes with almost
unbearable light, j'et still there remains an
unresolved background. ' The illu^tri<iUH Her-
schel,' says Professor Nichol, 'penetrated, on
one occasion, into this spot, until he found
himself among the depths, whose light could
not have rea(;heil him in much less than 4,000
3'ears ; no marvel that he withdrew from the
pursuit, conceiving that such abysses must be
endless,' It is precisely this view that I wish
to controvert. And I think it is no difficult
matter to show at least a probability against
the supposition that the milky light in the
spot is removed at a vast distance behind the
stars of the seventh magnitude seen in the
same field.
The supposition amounts, in fact, to the
highly impr(jbable view that we are looking
here at a range of stars extending in a cylin-
drical stratum directly from the eye — a stra-
tum whose section is so very minute in com-
parison with its breadth, that, whereas the
whole field within which the spot is included
is but small, the distance separating the near-
est parts of the group from the farthest, is
equivalent to the immense distance supposed
354
THE FRIEND.
to separate the sphere of seventh magnitude
stars from the extreme limits of our galaxy.
And the great improbability of this view is
yet further increased, when it is observed that
within this spot there is to be seen a very
marked tendency to the formation of minor
streams, around which the milky light seems
to cling. It seems, therefore, wholly impro-
bable that the cluster really has that indefi
nite longitudinal extension suggested by Pro-
fessor Nichol. In fact, it becomes practically
certain that the milky light comes from orbs
really smaller than the seventh magnitude
stars in the same field, and clustering round
these stars in reality as well as in appearance.
The observations applie,d^t:"t^iteur;rr"k '"'''>;
a^jt'^tend'^d ijraster is not globular in form,
but exhibits, Su examination, either (1) any
tendency within its bounds to stream-forma-
tion, or (2) a uniform increase in density as
we proceed from any part of the circumference
towards the centre, it appears wholly incon-
ceivable that the apparent cluster is, not really
a cluster, but a long range of stars extending
to an enormous distance directly from the eye
of the observer. When, in such a case, many
stars of the higher magnitudes appear within
the cluster, we seem compelled to admit the
probability that they belong to it ; and, in any
case, we cannot assign to the farthest parts
of the cluster a distance greatly exceeding
(proportionally) that of the nearest parts.
Of a like character is the evidence afforded
by narrow streams and necks within the
galaxy itself. If we consider the convolutions
over Scorpio, it will seem highly improbable
that in each of these we see, not a real convo-
lution or stream but the edge of a roll of stars.
For instance, if a spiral roll of paper be viewed
from any point taken at random, the chances
are thousands to one against its appearing as
a spiral curve, and of course the chance against
several such rolls so appearing is very much
greater. The fact that we are assumed to be
not very far from the supposed mean plane
of the Milky Way would partly remove the
difficulty hero considered, if it were not that
the thickness and extent of the stratum, >as
compared with the distances of the lucid stars,
must necessarily be supposed very great, on
the assumption of any approach to uniformity
of distribution.
Evidence pointing the same way is aftorded
by circular apertures in the galaxy, or indeed
by apertures of other forms, since a moment's
reflection will show the improbability of any
tunnelling (so to speak) through the star
stratum, being so situate as to be discernible
from the centre. Another peculiarity of these
cavities is also noticeable ; whereas on the
borders of every one there are many lucid
stars, or in some cases two or three very bright
stars, within the cavity there is a marked
paucity of stars. This phenomenon seems to
indicate a much closer connection between the
brighter stars, and the milky light beyond,
than is supposed on the stratum theory. One
can hardly conceive the phenomenon to bo
wholly accidental.
(To be continued.)
♦-♦
Being an acknowledged minister amongst
Friends, and frequently engaged in Gospel
labors for the good of others, Peter Yarnall
found it needful to watch against his natural
eloquence and the fervor of his own spirit in
the Lord's cause.
For "Tbe Friend."
Something more about Animal Character.
(Concloded from page 349.)
Wo have in truth I believe, many sufticient
evidences of the genuine affection of the cow,
as well as most other animals of whose charac-
ter we can form any estimate, not only for
their offspring, but also for companions with
whom they have been intimately associated ;
and it is cause of regret that any doubts
should be suggested. Why does the cow,
when her calf has been taken from her for
slaughter, bewail her loss for many days, in
tones so mournful as to sadden the human
hearts of all the household who hear her ; not
only all the day long, but even through the
^t.w nya^-^, vv(]gp ^+L---j ai -.^ at j^v/ot, iT ft is
not love for her offspring? Why does the
hippopotamus stand still in the water, steadily
opposing her huge body as a wall of de-
fence for her young when i^ttacked by the
merciless hunter, man, until her sides are
pierced all over with cruel bristling darts, if
it is not love for her offspring ? Patient, self
sacrificing love and endurance to save her
child, which we should deem most touching
and noble in a human mother. And the cat
that discovered her four young kittens lying
by the pond, where they had been drowned,
what, if it was not love for her oftspring,
could have prompted her in her then weak
state, to carry them one by one to her hom
quite a long distance off, thus travelling eight
times back and forth ; so that when her pain-
ful task was done, she laid down by them, and
died from suffering and exhaustion ? Both
well authenticated cases, and many more such
might be related.
We had atone time a pair of canary birds,
who appeared to be a very loving little couple,
building their first nest in much harmony,
the happy wife doing her part as faithfully,
and showing herself as capable as her spouse;
and ere long they reared a family of fine
children. In due time, after harmoniously
clearing out the old nest from their nurse
basket, they proceeded to build a new one.
But soon the little dame, for some unaccounta-
ble reason, began tossing out their building
materials as soon as they had begun to re-ar-
range them. Her mate bearing this strange
behavior, and helping her to begin anew to
build, again and again, with a patience that
we thought was truly commendable, — -for her
conduct seemed entirely inexcusable, — until
finally it seemed to become past patient en-
durance any longer ; and this little lord of his
creation deemed it his right to exercise some
authority ; attempting by chastisement to
compel her to do her work properly ; and he
pecked her several times pretty severely.
Before she had time however to profit much
by his corrections, evening came on, and they
both went quietly to their perches to sleep
for the night. But alas, when I first went to
the cage the next morning, the poor little
wife was crouching on the floor of it, the top
of her head bare of feathers and bathed in
blood, and her companion sitting mournfully
on his perch. I immediately took her out,
hoping she might not be seriously injured,
and that some healing application might re-
store her. But before I could do anything
for her, she made a sudden convulsive move-
ment and died on my hand. I then took her
back and put her into the cage. Her mate
gazed at her a little while, then came down
from his perch and first pecked gently at her
feathers — then took hold of her and pulled
her a little, back and forth ; but no, he could
not arouse her ; then he began running around
her, while singing incessantly, until finding;
all his ott'orts were vain, he returned to hii
perch : from that time, all through the day
he refused nourishment of any kind, and re
mained almost immovably with bowed heac
on his lonely resting place. The following
morning 1 found him stretched out lifeless oi
his cage floor. Some, perhaps may say, thi
is not a very telling instance in support of i
faith in true aflection between animals. Eu
I believe it is. This canary bird had been i
kind, loving partner to his beautiful littl
mate ; but her strange conduct about so im
jjortant a. business, was enough to wear ou
the patience of the best of husbands. An
though I was sorely grieved, that he shoul
have taken her life, I felt he was not to be cor
demned as unmerciful or unloving. He kne\
of but the one way to endeavor to convince he
of her error — if she was demented, ho was n
judge of that — he " knew nothing of the ac
atomy" of the head, that pecking would brin,
out feathers, make the blood flow, &c. — an
he was not aware that it would cause pair
much less death, as ho had never experienced i
nor even witnessed it before. So that whe
he became conscious of bis bereavement, — an
possibly — that he had brought it upon bin
self, — he was overwhelmed with grief, refuse
to be comforted, and died of a broken hear
So many instances have been known wher
it would appear that the peculiar conduct c
animals could be attributed alone to the e:
istenco of strong affection for each other, it i;
not ea.sy to understand why any should bi
willing to question it, merely because of som
occasional apparent inconsistencies ; at one
drawing the inference therefrom, that thei
"entirely paint the brute;" instead of endei
voring to account for them in some othe
equally, if not more natural manner, and on
that would not "grate upon our sensibilitie8.i
Seeing, as P. G. H. observes, "the imposs
bility of knowing the real sensations of an
mals," let us rather encourage the belief, tha
the All-wise, Beneficent Creator, having s!
constituted the nervous sj-stem of the bruv
animal, that he is not only alive to physicj,
suftering, but also to painful feelings ver
nearly allied to mental sorrow — as is ver
often apparent — while conferring upon th
human, in addition to the unspeakable blessin.
of spiritual consolation and joy, the swec
soothing happiness arising from our warr
affections for each other, has also in his ur
bounded goodness, bestowed this last preciou
boon, this merciful compensation, upon a
the higher orders of the brute creation. Tha
He has not so nearly limited their enjoymen
to the grosser sensual pleasures of eatinf
&c. Let us never believe otherwise than tha
they really knoio of the happiness of lov«.
That the endearing tenderness always come
to the mother's heart, on the occurrence c
"one of the most touching incidents in na
ture" ; and it becomes a special source o
happiness to her. That she knows, and lovei
her own because it is her own — though unde
some circumstances she may adopt anothei
fondling — which, with many known cases, d
even dift'erent species of animals becomin,-.
strongly attached to each other, where the;
have been closely associated, is added ev
dence, that as their existence will terminati
here, the merciful author of it has desigQ&
9- '
tj«:
1
THE FRIEND.
355
that while they live — as far as their nature
;-will admit — this world shall be to them a
happy world.
Selected for "The Frien.l."
Fourth day, 4th of Third month, [1S07.] We
have now been nearl}' two weeks very closely
engaged in our arduous service of visiting the
families of Friends in Grace-Church-Stroel
^jiinthly Meeting, and m}' beloved and hoiior-
:iMe companion [Mary Pryor] and myself,
have hitherto been enabled to move along in
much harmony and concord. I feel it very
relieving to mj" exercised, and often deeply
.tried mind, to have the companj' and help of
one whoso religious experience has been much
larger than my own. One who, after so long
a warfare under the banner of the Captain of
salvation, can frequently testify that he is
worthy to be obe3-ed to the utmost of our
ability; that verily his "yoke is easy, and his
burden light." Mat. xi. 30. I think I never
could more feelingly subscribe to the same
gracious truth, than since the commencement
of the present engagement ; for though, at
times, the faithful laborer must be brought
into a state of bondage, when and where the
pure seed is kept in captivity ; 3'et it is a favor
to be found worth}^ to suifer with a suffering
Lord. I believe all the exercises which dedi-
cated minds maj* be jiermitted to pass through,
for themselves and I'or others, are not so great
as those which are often imposed, by the
enemy of all good, upon such as are pursuing
the vain and delusive pleasures of the world.
— 3Iary Alexander, Friends' Library, vol. xiii
page 88.
Scientific Notes,
ITow colds are caught. — There are several
■well-known processes by which a cold niaj' be
caught. As a disease, there is nothing so com-
mon ; and yet it is only very recently that
anything like an approach to a knowledge of
its pathology has been attained. There is
now, however, a large accumulation of evi-
dence which points very strongly in the direc-
tion that "taking cold" is actually "being
cold."
Rosenthal has verj' carefully investigated
the relations of the body-heat, and has de-
monstrated the existence of a central heat-
producing area, and an external heat-radia-
ting surface. A rise in temperature is due to
the disturbance of the balance normally ex
isting betwixt these two antagonistic areas.
An excessive heat-production may produce
fever; or this may be due to an impairment
in the cooling processes, so that heat accumu-
lates. Precisely the opposite of this leads to
a lowering of the body-temperature: if the
heat be lost more rapidly than it is produced,
then a "chill" results.
Let us see how this applies to colds, so fre-
quently caught from a wetting. The clothes
we wear are good non-conductors of heat, and
so prevent the loss of body-heat which would
occur without them. But let them become
moist or saturated with water, and then they
become heat-conductors of a much more active
character, and a rapid and excessive loss of
body-heat follows. Nothing is more certain,
however, than that prolonged exposure in
wet clothes is commonlj' followed by no evil
results; that is, so long as there is also active
exercise. The loss of heat is then met by in
creased production of heat, and no harm re
suits. But let the urchin who has
drenched on his way to school sit in his wet
clothes during school-hours, and a cold follows.
No matter how inured to exposure the person
may be who, when drenched, remains quiet
and inert in his wet clothes, he takes a cold.
Here there is an increased loss without a cor-
res])onding production of heat, and the tem-
perature of the body is lowered, or the person
"catches cold."
The effect of exercise in producing heat is
well known. Unless the surrounding air be
of a low temperature and the clothes light,
the skin soon glows with the warm blood cir-
culating in it, and then comes perspiration
with its cooling action. Here there is a direct
loss of heat induced to meet the increased
production of heat. Exercise, then, in wet
clothes, produces more or less a new balance,
and obviates the evil consequences which
would otherwise result.
The loss of -heat is more certainly induced
if the skin be previously glowing and the cir-
culation through the skin, the cooling area,
bo active. Thus a person leaves a ball-room
with his cutaneous vessels dilated, and a rapid
loss of body-heat follows, unless there bo a
thick great coat or a brisk walk ; if the clothes
become moistened by rain or be saturated
with perspiration, the radiation of beat is still
more marked. Such is the causation of the
cold commonly caught after leaving a heated
ball-room. It is probable that exhaustion is
not without its effect in lowering the tonicity
of the vessels, and so those of the skin do not
readily contract and arrest the loss of heat.
Rosenthal found that a rabbit exposed to a
temperature of 100 deg. Kahr., for some time
had a lowering of the body-temperature of no
less than 2 deg. for two or three days after-
wards. The dilated cutaneous vessels had not
sutfieiently recovered their tone to contract
and arrest the loss of heat. Those who live
in superheated rooms readily take cold on
exposure. There exists a condition of the
cutaneous vessels which gives a tendency to
lose heat, and less e.xciting causes will induce
a cold.
A damp bed gives a cold, because the moist
bed-clothes are much better conductors of
heat than are the same clothes when dry.
The temperature of the body is lowered, and
a cold results. Long exposure in bathing
leads to similar consequences. The second
feeling of cold in bathing tells that the body
is becoming chilled, and that the production
of heat is insufficient to meet the loss. A run
on the river-bank, or a brisk walk after dress-
ing, commonly restores the lost balance.
The plan of permitting the wet clothes to
dry on the wearer is very objectionable. The
abstraction of heat from the body by the
evaporation of moisture in the clothes pro-
duces a marked depression of the body-tem-
perature, and a severe cold. This is most
strikingly seen in the effects of a wetting in
the Tropics. The smart shower or downpour
is quickly followed by a hot sun and a breeze,
and the loss of heat under these circumstances
is considerable. The person is "chilled to the
bone," and the effects are felt for a long time
afterwards. The effects, of the evaporation
under these circumstances is illustrated by
the Tropical plan of placing water in a vessel
of porous clay, wrapping a wet cloth round
it, and exposing it to a breeze. The water
becomes distinctly cold.
The effect of a strong impression is equiva
So a sudden sharp cooling, and a longer and
slower process, alike produce those lowered
temperatures which lead to severe and often
fatal consequences.
But if " taking cold" is " being cold," how,
it ma}' bo asked, does a feverish condition re-
sult? It is the normal course of a cold to
cause a high temperature and then to do-
fervesce. This is due to a want of prompt-
ness in the regulatory arrangements.
Where there are an increased loss and an
increased production of heat simultaneously,
they neutralise each other. When there is
much muscular exercise, there is perspiration ;
where there is much loss of heat, there is in-
creased production of heat. In those inured
to exposure, an immediate increase in the pro-
duction of heat probably exists. In others, a
lack of promptness in the heat-producing ]iro-
cesses occurs, a delay indeed, and then the chill
and lowered temperature are followed by a
time of increased production of heat, and a
feverish condition results. Instead of the
evolution of heat being instituted at the time
of the excessive loss of heat, it comes on
slowly and forms a reactionary disturbance —
an oscillation of the balance; being much do-
pressed, it rocks to an equal extent in the op-
posite direction. Habit endows the system
with an educated power of maintaining the
balance ; disuse lessens the power. Tho more
people take care, in the common way, against
cold, tho more susceptible they become, and
the less exposure is sufficient to disturb their
more mobile body-balance.
The practical considerations which are tho
out-comes of this review of the pathology of
cold are these. Never to wear wot clothes
after active muscular exertion has ceased, but
to change them at once ; to meet the loss of
the body-heat by warm fluids and dry clothes;
to avoid long sustained loss of heat which is
not met bj- increased production of heat ; to
been I lent to a longer action which is not so marked
ncrease the tonicity of tho vessels of the skin
by cold baths, &c., so educating them to con-
tract readily on exposure — by a partial adop-
tion, indeed, of the "hardening" plan; to
avoid too warm and debilitating rooms and
temperatures; to take especial care against
too great a loss of heat when the skin is glow-
Gentle Words. — Who has not felt the in-
fluence of a gentle word? what person have
they not overcome with a greater power than
harsh words or taunting remarks? Yet how
few are in tho habit of using them. Per.sons
of the most trying dispositions, breaking forth
in loud exclamations of anger, without any
regard for tho feelings of the individual for
whom they were intended, become as calm as
asummer's day, when the answerin return was
all gentleness; they become ashamed and hum-
bled before their victim. Again, wo see thoso
who have met with others like themselves,
answering each other tauntingly, and so keep
up tho controversy for hours, when a gentle
word would have settled all diffieulties. What
worlds of luxury do they afford the weary
culprit ; he receives with heartfelt gratitude
one little word in kindness spoken ; they re-
vive the better feelings of his heart. To tho
old they are a balm of consolation that will
light up the aged features with a smile beau-
tiful to behold. Thoy bind the links of affec-
tion wo h.ive for our children nearer to our
hearts, and cause their little breasts to pal-
pitate with joy ; so it is with every one, even
356
THE FRIEND.
the most depraved. Why, then, should we
not endeavor to smile sweetlj- upon all, and
ever strive to use gentle words to those that
surround us? They are little words that re-
quire neither wealth nor exertion upon our
part to bestow.
NOT ALONE.
Not alone, however dreary,
Sad and cruel seems my fate,
Angels yet may hover near me,
Spirits from the lieavenly gate;
And the cry which rose in sorrow
From my heart, "I am alone,"
Shall be stifled, if the morrow
Give me wisdom to atone.
"Not alone," the flowers tell me;
" Not alone," the birds declare,
As with music they o'erwhelm me,
Warbling in the perfumed air.
Forest, mountain, glade and river,
Studded firmament above.
Whisper to my soul, "Ah ! never
Doubt thy Heavenly Father's love !"
Thus no more I'll sadly ponder
On my short-lived earthly wrongs.
But with faith, and love, and wonder.
Seek that which to Heaven belongs.
Man's oppression cannot hurt me;
Jesus' love arrests my fear ;
Not alone, though men desert me;
"Not alone," for God is near.
Selected
Selected.
TEACH ME PATIENCE, LORD TO WAIT.
When beneath Thy chastening rod.
Let me feel Thy love so great;
Subject only to Thy will,
Teach me patience, Lord, to wait.
Cxive me of Thy richest grace ;
Teach me all my sins to hate ;
Let my life be wrapt in Thee :
Teach me patience. Lord, to wait.
When, forgetful of Thy care.
Trial seemeth long and great ;
Teach me then. Thy time is best.
Teach me patience. Lord, to wait.
Lord, for me Thy suffijrings were;
Without Thy trials, what my fate?
A heaven, a crown is ofl^ered now ;
Teach me patience. Lord, to wait.
When at last Thy will is wrought,
Open wide the golden gate ;
For rest, celestial joy and peace.
Then .shall I no longer wait.
Tie Acacia and its Ants.
One low tree, very characteristic of the
dry savannahs, I have only incidentally men-
tioned before. It is a species of acacia, belong-
ing to the section Gummiferw, witb bi-pinnate
leaves, growing to a height of fifteen or twenty
feet. The brandies and trunk are covered
with strong curved .spines, set in ])airs, from
which it receives the name of the biiU's-horii
thorn, they having a very strong resemblance
to the horns of that quadruped. These thorns
are hollow, and are tenanteil by ants, that
make a small hole for their entrance and exit
near one end of the thorn, and also burrow
through the partition that separates the two
horns ; so that the one entrance serves for
both. Here they retir their young, and i n the
wet season every one of the thorns is tenanted;
and hundrc'ls of ants are to be seen runnimr
about, especially over the j'oung leaves. It'
one of these be touched, or a branch shaken,
the little ants (Psnidomyrma bicolor, Guer.)
swarm out from the hollow thorns, and attack
the aggressor with jaws and sting. They
Bting severely, raising a little white lump that
does not disappear in less than twenty-four
hours.
These ants form a most efficient standing
txrmy for the plant, which prevents not only
the mammalia from browsing on the leaves,
but delivers it from the attacks of a much
more dangerous enemy — the leaf-cutting ants.
For these services the ants are not only se-
curely housed by the plant, but are provided
with a bountiful supply of food ; and to secure
their attendance at the right time and place,
this food is 80 arranged and distributed as to
effect that object with wonderful perfection.
The leaves are bi-pinnate. At the base of
each pair of leaflets, on the mid-rib, is a crater
formed gland, which, when the leaves are
young, secretes a honey-like liquid. Of this
the ants are very fond; and they are con-
stantly running about from one gland to an-
other to sip up the honey ;xs it is secreted.
But this is not all ; there is a .still more wonder-
ful provision of more solid food. At the end
of each of the small divisions of the compound
leaflet, there is, when the leaf first unfolds, a
little yellow fruit-like body united by a point
at its base to the end of the pinnule. Ex-
amined through a microscope, this little ap-
pendtxge looks like a golden pear. When the
leaf first unfolds, the little pears are not quite
ripe, and the ants are continually employed
going from one to another, examining them.
When an ant finds one sufficiently advanced,
it bites the small point of attachment; then,
bending down the fruit-like body, it breaks
it oft' and bears it away in triumph to the
nest. All the fruit-like bodies do not ripen
at once, but successively, so that the ants are
kept about the young leaf for some time after
it unfolds. Thus the young leaf is txlways
guarded by the ants ; and no caterpillar or
larger animal could attempt to injure them
without being attacked by the little warriors.
The fruit-like bodies are about one-twelfth of
tin inch long, and are about one-third of the
size of the ants; so that the ant bearing one
away is as hetxvily laden as a man beai-ing a
large bunch of plantains.
Both in Brazil and Nicaragua I paid much
attention to the relation between the presence
of honey-secreting glands on plants, and the
protection the latter secured by the attend-
ance of ants attracted by the honey. I found
many plants so protected; the glands being
specially developed on the young leaves, and
on the sepals of the flowers. Besides the bull's
horn acacias, I, however, only met with two
other genera of plants that furnished the ants
with houses, namely, the Cecropiw and some
of the Jlelastoime ; but I have no doubt that
there are many others. The stem of the
Cecropia, or trumpet-tree, is hollow, and di-
vided into cells by partitions that extend
across the interior of the hollow trunk. The
ants gain access by making a hole from the
outside, and then burrow through the parti-
tions, thus getting the run of the whole stem.
They do not obtain their food directly from
the tree, but keep brown scale-insects (Coft'((/(c)
in the cells, which suck the juices from the
tree, and secrete a honey-like fluid that exudes
from a pore on the back, and is lapped up by
the ants. In one cell eggs will be found, in
another grubs, and in a third pupa), all lying
loosely. In another cell, by itself, a queen
ant will bo found, surrounded by walls made
of a brown wtxxy-looking substance, along
\yith about a dozen coccidw to supply her with
food. I suppose the eggs are removed as soon
as laid, for I never found any along with the
queen-ant. If the tree be shaken, the ants
rush out in myriads, and search about for the
molester. This case is not like the last one,
where the tree has provided food and shelter
for the ants, but rather one where the ant has
taken possession of the tree, and brought with
it the coccidce ; but I believe that its presence
must be benefieitil. I have cut into some
dozens of the cecropia trees, and never could
find one that was not tenanted by ants. I
noticed three different species, all, as far as I
know, confined to the cecropia, and all farm-
ing scale-insects. As in the buir.s-horn thorn,
there is never more than one species of ant on
the same tree.
In some species of Melastomte there is a
direct provision of houses for the ants. la
each leaf, at the base of the laminse, the petiole,
or sttxik, is furnished with a couple of pouches,
divided from etxch other by the midrib. Into
each of these pouches there is an entrance
from the lower side of the leaf. I noticed
them first in Northern Brazil, in the province
of Maranham ; and afterwards at Para. Every
pouch was occupied by a nest of small black
ants ; and if the leaf was shaken ever so little,
they would rush out and scour all over it in
search of the aggressor. I must have tested
some hundreds of leaves, and never shook one
without the ants coming out, excepting one
sickly-looking plant at Para.
Amongst the numerous plants that do not
provide houses, but attract ants to their leaves
and flower-buds by means of glands secreting
a honey-like liquid, are many epiphytal or-
chids, and I think all the species of Passiflora.
I had the common red passion-flower growing
over the front of my verandah, where it was
continually under my notice. It had honey-
secreting glands on its young leaves and on
the sepals of the flower-buds. For two years
I noticed that the glands were constantly at-
tended by a small ant (Pheidole), and, night
and day, every young leaf and every flower-
bud had a few on them. They did not sting,
but attacked and bit my finger when I touched
the plant. I have no doubt that the primary
object of these honey-glands was to attract
the ants, and keep them about the most tender
and vulnerable parts of the plant, to prevent
them being injured ; and I further believe that
one of the principal enemies that they serve
to guard against in tropical America is the
leaf-cutting ant, as I have noticed that the
latter are very much afraid of the small black
ants.
If the facts I have described are suflScient
to show that some plants are benefited by
supplying ants with bonej' from glands on
their leaves and flower-buds, I shall not have
much difiiculty in proving that many plant-
lice, scale-insects, and leafhoppers, that also
attract ants by furnishing them with honey-
like food, arc similarly benefited. My pine-
apples were greatly stibject to the tittixcks of
a small, soft-bodied, brown coccus, that was
alwtiys guarded by a little, bhxek, stinging ant
(iSolenopsIs). This ant took great care of' the
scale-insects, and attacked savagely anyone
interfering with them, as I oftenfound to my
cost, when trying to clear my pines, by being
stung severely by them. Not content with
watching over their cattle, the ants brought
up grains of damp earth, and built domed
galleries over them, in which, under the vigi-
lant guard of their savage little attendants,
the scale-insects must, I think, htxvo been
THE FRIEND.
357
Isecure from the attacks of all enemies.
>]S'aturalist in Xicaragua.
-Belt's
Chinese Eliquette.
The Flowery Land, as the inhabitants love
Itocall it, gives to Europeans the idea of a
I colossal petrification; it is as unchanged in
lils customs and in its maxims as when the
ports were first opened to our mercliandise,
and looks upon the barbarians with incredi-
ble scorn, very trying to an Englishman's
self-esteem. It seems to have conquered
space by the extent of its empire, and time
by its duration, and to have been far above us
in many inventions as well as in bringing its
rules of social life to a highbred standard.
Some of the peculiarities in their manners
shall be described for the amusement of our
readers in the following papers.
The dinners given by the higher classes
are verj^ grand afl:airs, and consist of an in-
credible number of dishes. Such a feast must
be preceded by three invitations, consisting
of notes written to each invited guest. The
first is sent the evening before, the second
on the morning of the day of the repast, to
remind the guests of the request made to
them, and begging them not to fail ; the third
arrives whcnall is ready, and the master ex-
presses his extreme impatience to receive
them. Following their ancient customs the
place of honor is given to strangers, the one
from the greatest distance taking precedence,
whilst the head of the house accepts the hum-
blest position. He introduces his guests into
the dining room, salutes them one after
another, and, pouring wine into a china cup,
makes a low bow to the highest in rank, and
offers it to him. Bat the guest must, in all
politeness, prevent his doing so, and, taking
another cup of wine, try to carry it to the
place occupied by the host, who in his turn
hinders him with the usual terms of civility.
"When they sit down everything is reversed
from our European fashion. A splendid des-
sert is handed round, all the beautiful fruits
thatgrow in that warm climate, pines, oranges,
apricots, plums, almonds, peaches, and many
unknown to us. The steward, kneeling on
one knee, begs everyone to enjoy themselves.
At his request each one takes his cup of wine
with both hands, and first raising it as high
as his head, then lowering it below the table,
afterwards drinks it slowly, the master finish-
ing first, and showing them that his cup is
empty, every one following his example. The
courses of meat which succeed are indescriba-
ble ; but as the Chinese generally excel in
cooking, they are by no means objectionable
to an English palate. There are birds' nests,
worms of all kinds, fishes, entrail.s, lichens.
Such are the simplest of the dishes ; others
are so minced and changed in character, that
M. Ude himself would have been perplexed
how to define them. At the beginning of the
second course each guest has a small red
paper bag brought to him by his own servant,
which contains a little silver money as a fee
for the cook, the steward, the comedians, and
those who wait at table. More or less is
given, according to the rank of the entertainer,
but it is not expected unless the feast is ac-
companied by a comedy. Of course the host
makes many objections to accepting the offer-
ing; but this is only one of the shams of social
, life, and never listened to. When all is over
lasts some two hours, large quantities of hot
tea are drunk, and the fingers are wiped on
pieces of paper instead of napkins.
These rules of politeness are all regulated
at Pekin by the tribunal of rites, who watch
over their observance with as much jealous
anxiety as a political body in Europe does
over the maintenance of a constitution. In
case you wish to pay a visit to a mandarin,
the proper thing to do is to send in your card.
This is a small "piece of red paper on which
your name is inscribed, followed by a polite
sentence such as this: -The tender and sin-
cere friend of your lordship, and the perpetual
disciple of your doctrine, thus presents him-
self to pay his respects and to bow before you
to the earth." If the mandarin is willing to
receive you, he goes forward and asks you to
pass befoi-e him. You are expected to make
the humble reply "I dare not ;" and after an
infinity of gestures, which are all arranged,
and obligatory phrases, the master of the
house bows to a chair, and slightly dusts it
with the corner of his robe, upon which you
are at length seated. The difiiculties are
much increased when ten or a dozen man-
darins call upon an Englishman at once, and,
according to custom, tea is offered, begin-
ning at the one of the highest rank. He pre-
tends to off'er it to the next, then to the third,
and so on to the last. All having politely re-
fused, he permits himself to drink it. The
second, in his turn, has to offer his cup to the
others, and thus the farce proceeds, until all
have gone through the wearisome task. The
whole scene passes with imperturbable grav-
ity, and it requires the greatest self-command
not to smile at such etiquette.
(To be concluded. )
For "The Friend."
The Culture of a Slrawberry-bed.
In my garden is a strawberr^'-bed which
yields a bountiful supply of fruit. But it has
furnished a full illustration of the truth of the
common remark, that nothing valuable is to
be obtained without corresponding labor and
pains. The proper preparation of the ground,
the selection and setting out of the plants,
and their subsequent cultivation till thej- had
overspread the plot assigned them, and had
obtained the age and vigor requisite to enable
them to produce a large amount of luscious
berries, are not the only things that experi-
ence has shown to be needful. After the first
full crop was borne, and the plants were left
to throw out their runners, and renew their
strength for the production of fruit in the fol-
lowing year, it soon became ajjparent that
various unwelcome intruders had established
themselves in the bed, and if not removed
would overshadow the rightful occupants of
the soil, hinder their growth, and rob them
of their proper nourishment. The slender
spears of grass of several varieties, the heads
of clover, and the stems of weeds of many
kinds, were to be seen thickly projecting
above the leaves of the strawberry plants.
Some of these were easily removed ; others
clung so tenaciously to the earth, and were so
deeply rooted, that unskilful force merely de-
tached the part above ground and left^ the
subterranean portions still alive. One of the
most troublesome was the common sheep-
sorrel {Rumex acetoselln), which throws out,
just under the suriiice of the earth, long roots
soup is handed round as a conclusion, and These wander over the bed,
during the whole course of the dinner, which intervals leaves and stems.
While removing these hurtful weeds, and
thus assisting in thedevelopmont ol'the future
cro]), the mind found some relief from the
tediousness of the labor, by reflecting on the
lessons which it naturally suggested. The
sacred writings often compare the church and
its members to outward and visible things —
" A garden enclosed is my sister, my spouse."
'• The daughter of Zion is left as a cottage in
a vineyard, as a lodge in a garden of cucum-
bers." "Thou shalt be like a watered gar-
den." The Prophet Isaiah in figurative lan-
guage speaks of the church as a vineyard, of
which he says, '• I the Lord do keep it ; 1 will
water it every moment: lest anj' hurt it, I
will keep it night and day," and continuing
the same metaphor he adds, " He shall cause
them that come of Jacob to take root: Israel
shall blossom and bud, and fill the face ol'the
world with fruit."
My strawberry-bed might be compared to
a church (or to an individual member of it,)
which had experienced the operations of the
Lord's hand, by which it had in measure been
reclaimed from its former neglected condition.
The fallow-ground has been broken up ; the
rampant growth of evil proijcnsilies, words
and actions, has been cut down, and good
seed has been sown in the heart, which under
the fostering care of the Heavenly (iardener
has taken root and grown. Through the aid
of His Holy Spirit and the renewed visitations
thereof, wiiich descend on the soul as the dew
and the rain, the plant of Ileaveidy origin
has borne fruit, it may be of humility as shown
in a meek and humble behavior, of kindness
to all, of quiet submission to severe trials, or
of more conspicuous, because public, labor for
the religious welfare of others. Those who
are thus exercised, especially those engaged
in the great work of jiroclairaing the gospel
of light and salvation, are exposed to some
trials of a peculiar nature — and it is wise for
such to pi-ize and improve the intervals of rest
from active service which are granted by the
Lord of the vineyard. Let them, as well as
all others, examine the gardens of their own
hearts. They M'ill find young weeds coming
into view hero and there among the good
plants, which must be removed or they will
soon grow and destroy the beauty, and lessen
the fruitfulness of their fruit beds. They maj-
discover that the kindness and sympathy of
their friends, and the favor with which their
ministrations have been received, have nour-
ished a disposition to appropriate to them-
selves the honor which belongs only to the
Giver of all our gifts ; and that, like the sorrel,
this hurtful weed has been secretly insinua-
ting its fibres into their hearts, until it has so
developed that its acid leaves are being shot
\\]i into sight. They may find that they have
relaxed in that tenderness of conscience and
watchful care to avoid the first approach to
evil, into which they were led in the day of
their espousals; when, yielding themselves
fully into the Divine hand, they followed Him
into the wilderness, and "Israel was holiness
unto the Lord, and the first-fruits of his in-
crease." From this neglect may have followed
too much indulgence to the appetites of the
body, too much latituile in the range of the
thoughts, and too little restraint on the ex-
pressions of the tongue. The danger of this
is especially great, if in earlier years they have
yielded to corrupting influences. Through
ana send up at submission to Grace, they may have beenen-
labled to remove all visible signs, and faith-
358
THE FRIEND.
fully to reject all temptations to indulge in
the sins, which at one time so easiij- beset
them. But their roots remain long in the
ground, and in an unguarded hour often mani-
fest their presence. What sad examples have
we seen of persons who for a series of years
had maintained an unblemished reputation,
and yet have afterwards yielded to tempta-
tions, which at onetime they probablj- thought
they had fully mastered! Let him that
thinketh he standeth, take heed lest he fall;
and let us all feel the importance of the apos-
tolic injunction, to work out our salvation
with fear and trembling — a fear lest hy anj-
means we should come short of that heavenly
rest which has been set before us.
The evil seeds which grow in the heart of
man are as multifold in number and form, as
the weeds which spring up in our gardens.
Some make their appearance in the earl}'
springtime of life, others flourish more luxuri-
antly in the meridian of our strength and
vigor, and others again find a congenial
climate in the autumnal period. There is no
way in which our gardens can be kept clean,
but by heeding the injunction which our Sa-
viour has so emphatically given, as of uni-
versal application, "What I say unto you, I
say unto all, Watch." As this holy watch is
maintained, our eyes will be anointed to see,
and strength will be given to remove those
things which are of evil tendency. J.
For "Thp FrinuJ."
The Heart of Africa, by Dr, Schweinfurtii.
(CoDtinneci from paze 040.)
In the return of our travellers from the ter-
ritories of the Monbutto, they passed through
the country of the Niam-niam, and designed
gathering up the ivory which they had pur-
chased on their outward journey, and left in
store to await their return. Wando, the chief
in whose dominions the ivory had been de-
posited, determined to keep the ivorj-, and if
possible destroy Aboo Samniat's party and
possess himself of all their treasures. As the
Nubians approached his dominions they found
suspended over their pathway, a stalk of
maize, a feather and an arrow, emblems of
defiance, and an official declaration of war.
Soon after entering the country- they were met
by some of his men, who professed that they
could give them a safe conduct, and offered
their services as guides. The result Dr.
Schweinfurth thus describes.
Starting afresh, Mohammed led the way.
He was himself unarmed, but he was attended
by his young armor-bearers, and followed by
a detachment of his black body guard. Next
in order and close behind were the men whose
mediation and offers of guidance had yester-
day been accepted. Somehow or other I could
not get rid of my presentiment that these fel-
lows were not to be trusted, and accordingly,
contrary to my custom, I took good care' to
keep my trusty rifle in my hand. It struck
me as very remarkable that in the villages
which we passed the men, women, and child-
ren were all assembled in crowds, and calmly
watched our progress, just as though there
was no rumor or thought of war.
After about half a league, I was at the head
of a column of bearers, but I had fallen some
hundred paces behind Mohammed. All at
once several shots fired in rapid succession
made mo aware that something unusual had
happened in front. Looking to the right
1 saw some natives rushing away at full speed
across the steppes; a hasty fire was opened
upon the fugitives, and their savage yells of
pain betrayed that some of them were wounded
although they contrived to make good their
escape. Another moment and I caught sight
of Mohammed being carried back towards us
with a broad streak of blood across his white
sash, and close beside were the two little
armor-bearers writhing with their faces to
the ground, their backs pierced by the native
lances. It was a ghastly sight, "bashing up
to Mohammed I ripped up his clothes, and
discovered at a glance that my poor friend
had received a deep spear-cut in his thigh. I
did not lose an instant in adopting what
measures I could. I had a box of insect
needles in my pocket. AVater, of which we
were always careful to have a supply, was
close at hand. Mohammed's own muslin
scarf was just the thing for a bandage. Hav-
ing carefully been washed, and then bound
together with half-a-dozen of the strongest of
the pins, and finally enveloped in the scarf
and tied with j-arn, the gaping wound was
completel}- dressed, and began to heal almost
as soon as it was closed.
The sad event had occurred in this way.
One of the pretended guides forced his way
between Mohammed and his young shield
bearers, and brandishing his lance cried out,
'• The people of Yuroo are for peace, we are
for war." Mohammed instinctively made a
sidelong movement to escape the falling blow,
and thus probably saved his life. Meanwhile
the other natives attacked the boys and
stabbed them between the shoulders. Al-
though Mohammed had escaped the direct
blow that was designed, the huge lance, with
its head a foot and'a half in length, had sunk
deep into his flesh. With the fortitude of
desperation he dragged the murderous weapon
from the wound, hurled it after the fugitive
assassin, and then fell senseless to the earth.
Theinjury caused by the barbs of the spear
(which were an inch long) was miserably ag-
gravated by the impetuous fury with whitdi
the weapon was extracted. The wound was
broad and deep enough to admit my whole
hand, and had only just escaped the kidney,
which was visible through the open flesh.
In their first surprise at the sudden attack,
Mohammed's personal retinue had fired almost
at random after the fugitive traitors ; but as
their guns were only loaded with deershot,
they for the most part hit the enemy without
killing them. Immediately upon this there
ensued a general chase, and during the time
that I was engaged in binding up Moham-
med's wound, L could hear the report of fire-
arms along the whole line of our procession.
And now again a halt was ordered, the col-
umns of bearers were collected, their loads were
deposited in piles upon the ground, and the sig-
nal was given for a general plunder. Joy-
fully enough was the order hailed ; it was
especially welcome to the hungry Bongo after
their scanty fare on the previous days.
By sundown the whole region about was
clear of the enemjr, and as darkness came on
the bearers returned within the shelter of
our abittis, laden richly with spoils that they
had secured in the adjacent villages. Sentries
and watch-fires were established, and the
night was pa,ssed in a stillness that was rarely
broken by a stray and distant shot. With
the exception of a few Bongo bearers, who,
yielding to their marauding propensities'
had pushed too far into the hamlets, wo had
suffered no loss. Two of the Nubians, how
ever, had received severe lance-wounds, anc
had to be carried back to the camp on littersji
It was currently reported among the nativef '
that Mohammed was mortally wounded. En
couraged by the accession of fresh contingenti
during the night, they once again made tlu
woods re-echo with their savage war-cries
amidst which could be heard the vilest anc
most abusive Arabic invectives that thej
seemed to have learnt for the mere purpose
of vituperating their enemies. Mbahlv't
death, however, was the burden of theii
chorus. "Mbahly! Mbahly! Give us Mbahlj-.
We want meat." Mohammed would not sub-
rait to these taunts. In spite of his weakness
he insisted upon showing himself. With his
wound firmly bandaged, ho was convej-od
beyond the camp to a white ant-hill, from
whence he could be seen far around. Fori
nearly a quarter of an hour he stood upon
this elevation swinging his scimitar, and '
shouting with the full strength of his voice,
"Here I am, Mbahly is not dead yet." He |
then challenged them to come with a hundred
lances if they dare, and retorted upon them
in jeering scorn their cry of, " Pushyo ! /
pushyo I" (meat, meat), always using the '
Niam-niam dialect, in which he was tolerably
fluent. ,
The. tribe who had attacked them were
the A-Bango. They had been instigated bv
Wando, and waited for his arrival with re-
inforcements. But Wando had had an uu-
propitious auguTy at the beginning of the I
fray, and had "abandoned his scheme. The '
A-Bango therefore withdrew, and the Nubian
party thus made their escape from the dan-
ger which had been so threatening, but much
of their ivory remained in the hands of their
enemies.
Another portion of Mohammed's men fell
into an ambush in the Niam-niam country,
and it was with difficulty that they made
their escape alter losing several of their num-
ber, and nearly all of their ivory, and having
many wounded. Di-. Schweinfurth says:
It was while they were crossing one of
the brooks overhung with the dense forests
which now for so long I have designated as
galleries that the fatal attack took place; the
consternation of the defenceless bearers, and
consequently the confusion of the whole party,
would seem to have been very terrible. The
first discharge of Niam-niam lances had strewn
the ground with dead and wounded, the col-
umn of the unfortunate bearers furnishing
the larger proportion of the victims. Pre-
vious to the attack not a native had been seen.
Nothing could be more crafty than their am-
bush. Some of them had taken up their posi-
tion behind the larger trees; some had con-
cealed themselves in the middle of the bushes;
whilst others, in order to get an aim from
above, had ensconced themselves high up, con-
triving to lie full length upon the overhanging
boughs where the network of creepers con-
cealed them from the keenest vision. Badry's
recital brought vividly to my mind the bat-
tles with the Indians in the "primeval forests
of America, where similar stratagems have
been continually resorted to.
The soldiers kept up their fire with ener-
getic vigor; they are accustomed to carry a
number of cartridges arranged like a girdle
right round their waist, and having their am-
munition thus conveniently at hand they kept
up their discharges unintermittingly until
THE FRIEND.
359
luv bad collected their -n-ounded ; but the
uniies of those who ha"-' been actually killed
ill loll into the han-is of the assailants and
vcre carried otf without delay, all altemjits
It locoverinx; them being utterly unavailing,
leruuse the" irregularit}' of the ground pre-
eiitcd any organized plan of attack.
The bearers, meanwhile, had flung away
heir heavy loads, anil in wild flight had re-
reated to an adjacent hill that rose above the
;te|i]ie; here they were in a short time joined
)y the Nubians, who sought the eminence
IS commanding a view whence they might
lurvey their position and concert measures for
heir future protection. Most of the deserted
vory, of course, had become the prey of the
be, but some of the Nubians had taken the
Drecaution of burying the burdens in a swamp
within the gallery, under the hope that they
night recover it in the following year. Thus
leprived of their proper occupation, the bear-
jrs were at liberty to carry the wounded, and
'i treaty was concluded with the enemy so
:hat the party ventured to quit their quarters.
Jhe natives, however, were utterly treacher-
'jus; they were bent upon the annihilation
3f the intruders, and so, reinforced from the
'aeighboring district, they made a fresh and
5avage attack. In consequence of this the
Nubians were compelled to come to a stand
in the open plain, and lost no time in collecting
whatever faggots they could get to make an
ibattis.
Behind this abattis they had to hold out
rorthree entire days. The excited Niam-niam
persevered in harassing them with unwearied
assaults; and as three independent chieftains
had summoned their entire forces for the at-
tack, the combined action was unusually for-
midable ; not until the store of lances and
arrows was all used up were the furious sal-
.ies brought to an end and the Nubians per-
mitted to go upon their way. The enemy, it
was said displayed such unabated energy that
when all their ordinary lances had been spent
they procured a supply of pointed sticks,
which they proceeded to hurl with all their
might against the Nubian band ; it was, more-
over, asserted that the quantity of shields
and lances was so large that the besieged used
no other fuel for their camp fires during the
ientire period of their detention. Besides the
weapons that were burnt, the negroes attached
to the caravan brought away a considerable
number of lance-heads, which they had tied
up in bundles of nearly a hundred and de-
signed for trophies to decorate their own huts.
As one cause for the unusual hostility ex-
hibited by the Niam-niam towards the ivory
dealers, our author mentions the fact that the
soldiers had carried off as slaves some of their
women. This aroused them to the highest
degree of exasperation, for the aifection these
people exhibit for their wives is most un-
bounded.
CTo be coDtinned.)
Other writings, we doubt not that good men
and women who lived in obedience to the
government of their Divine Master, have been
rnttucnccd liy Him at times to pen descrip
lions of their religious experiences, and to
give instructions in righteousness, which have
been made instrumental in throwing light on
the path of the newly enlisted and unprac-
tised traveller in the way towards the city of
the great King, in confirming the faith ot the
sincere but doubting believer, and in comfort
ing and strengthening those who were weary,
and sorely tried with Uie ditliculties and subtle
temptations that beset their spiritual pro-
gress.
It is thus that the records of the lives and
varied exercises of those servants of the Lord,
who have felt themselves called to narrate in
simplicity and faithfulness the dealings of the
THE FRIEND.
SIXTH MONTH 27. 1874.
We are not among those who believe, that
since, what is called the canon of the Scrip-
tures has been completed, there has nothing
been written under the immediate inspiration
of the Holy Spirit that dictated the7n ; but
■while giving them the pre-eminence over all
Lord with them in the great work of regenera-
tion and sanctification, are often made useful
to those who come after them, bj' giving them
to see, when under suttering, stripping and
manifold temptations, that no strange thing
has happened to them, but that the fiery trial
the_y have to endure has been the common lot
of all who submit to Christ's baptism, and are
thus made to partake of his sufl'erings; and
thus incite them to persevere in the strait
and narrow way, with the blessed hope that,
like those who have gone before, they too shall
experience, when his glory is revealed they
will be glad also with exceeding joy.
Those who are familiar with the writings
.eft by mail}' of the men and women in our
own religious Society, who attained to a firm
establishment in the unchangeable Truth,
must have observed as a striking feature in
them, the uniform testimony they bear to the
indispensable necessity of giving up every
thing that springs from or ministers to the
corrupt spirit of the world ; which spirit fallen
human nature is prone to worship and take
delight in, as it and its products are congenial
with its own carnal propensities and lusts. Thus
the lessons given them in the school of Christ,
though taught perhaps in ways dilfering ac-
cording to their individual character, had the
same object ; to learn them to deny themselves
— their own natural will and inclination — to
take up the daily cross, and thus become as
strangers and pilgrims, shunning the fashions
and friendships of the world, which are at
enmity with Him they desired to serve.
The fervent love with which their hearts
_,lowed to Him who visited them with his Day-
spring i'rom on high, convinced them of sin,
brought them under condemnation and heart-
felt repentance therefor, and for His own
mercy's sake forgave their past transgres-
sions, made them willing to sell all and follow
Him away from the forms and pi-actices of
religion, which unregenerate men have con-
trived as a substitute for the crucifying, heart-
changing religion of Christ. Thus their state
at times was analogous to that of the church
when the Most High speaks of her in these
%vords: "I will allure her, and bring her into
the wilderness, and speak comfortably unto
her. And I will give her her vineyards from
thence, and the valley of Achor for a door of
hope; and she shall sing there as in the days
of her youth, and as in the day when she
came up out of the land of Egypt."
It was to such as these, and often when
under these dispensations, that the blessed
Head of the church, not only gave a clear
sight of their own condition and the service
He required of them, but revealed to them the
condition of the church, and in times of ad-
versity, the causes for which He covered the
daughter of Zion with a cloud, and cast down
from heaven unto the earth the beauty of
Israel, and remembered not his footstool, in
the day of his anger.
We have been instructed in reading some
of the letters of that wise woman and deeply
experienced handmaiden of the Lord, Deborah
Bell, wriUen near the beginning of the eigh-
teenth century; showing the sense given her
of the causes which were betraying the So-
ciety of Friends in England into the low state
that marked its history a little later. Solo-
mon truly says there is nothing new under
the sun; the same causes, if allowed to act,
produce the same efl'ects, and perhaps some
of our readers may be able to draw similar
instruction as ourselves from the following
extracts, and applying them to the state of
things in the Society in our day.
" I think I do daily see more and more need
to cry out, O! this inwardness, this inward-
ness, is what has been too much wanting in a
•i-eneral way, and is still wanting. For it seems
to me, that many are in the high road to ruin for
want of Ibis true inward waiting to know the
Spirit of Truth to leaven and subdue their own
spirits, and also to open in them such things
as might be serviceable and beneficial in the
churches of Christ, both with respect to doc-
trine and discipline." " It is but a few in com-
parison, who have an ear open to hear what
the Spirit doth say to the churches: but when
the Spirit doth speak through any, O how do
they kick, and even make a mock at it, and
at such as are led and guided by the dictates
thereof. So that things are in a lamentable
condition, and it seems to me the true church
is returning into the wilderness again, where
she sits solitary and mournful. Yet the
Lord sees her in her disconsolate state; and
my faith is firm, that the time will come,
in which He will bring her back, and she shall
be seen to lean upon the breast of her be-
loved ; for in him is all her hope and tru.st.
Many who once were members of her have
forsaken the Lord, and trusted to and leaned
upon the arm of flesh ; so that it may be
said, with the prophet in former days, one
has budded a wall, and another has daubed
it with untempered mortar. And I believe
the day is coming, in which the wall, which
men have in their own wisdom and strength
been building for a shelter to them, shall tall,
and the foundation thereof shall be discovered ;
and both the builders and the daubers shall
be confounded in that day. For the Lord will
overturn all that is not upon the right foun-
dation, in the day when He will arise in his
power to cleanse his churches and purify his
temple." * * * * *
"The church is in my judgment in a poor
condition, and many of her living membera
are almost overborne and crushed by those
who are in such a state as renders them in-
capable of membership in that body which has
a holy Head, and is made all holy by the vir-
tue and power which flows from Him and cir-
culates through every member. r>ut such is
the declension of this age, that I fear too many
who are accounting themselves members of
this holy body, know very little what holiness
is, at least as to the practice of it. It is as if
some now-a-days did not believe that text,
' Without holiness none shall see the Lord,'
except they think holiness consists in talking
360
THE FRIEND.
of good things now and then. Indeed, talk-
ing is the highest attainment some are come
to, and by their fair speeches and feigned
words they deceive the simple, but cannot de-
ceive such as have a true discerning, and are
minding more how they walk than how they
talk." * * * *
"According to my sense and judgment, she
[the church] is in a very mournful state, and
is rather going into than returning out of the
wilderness. And that which most deeply
affects my heart, is, that too many who pre-
tend to be watchmen upon her walls are ex-
ceedingly ignorant of her condition, and in-
stead of giving a faithful warning of ap-
proaching danger, and seeking to make up
the breach and stand in the gap, are with
might and main seeking to make the breach
wider. By this means a door is opened to
let in a flood of wickedness, which if the Lord
God of Zion do not, by a mighty hand, put a
stop to, I am afraid will prove a flood of utter
ruin to abundance [of persons.]" " The cross
is very little borne now-a-days, except by a
small remnant, and these are by the others
accounted a narrow-spirited people, who say
they make the way more narrow than there
is need for. But sometimes I am ready to fear,
such have either never entered in at the strait
gate, or else after sometime have returned
back into the broad way again. Such may
well be numbered among some of old, whom
the apostle calls foolish, because thej' did not
obey the Truth after it was revealed, but
having begun in the Spirit, sought to be made
perfect by the flesh. This seems to be the
state of manj' in our day; and what will be
the consequence of these things is known unto
Him that knows all."
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
Foreign.— The 20th iiipt. being the thirty-.seventh
anniversary of Queen Victoria's accession to the throne
of Great Britain, the day was observed by the usnal
noisy demonstrations, stich as ringing of bells, firing of
cannon, &c.
The success of the Congress of International Law,
called to meet at Bru.ssels, is said to be very doubtful.
The governments of England, France and Austria, raise
objections to the scheme, and Switzerland extends to it
but feeble support.
_ The London Observer publishes the text of a resolu-
tion which Dr. Isaac Butt, M. P., for Limerick, pro-
poses to move in the House of Commons on the oOlh
inst., in substance as follows : That in the opinion of
the House it is expedient and just to restore to the Irish
nation the power of managing exclusively Irish .iflkirs
in an Irish Parliament, provision being made at the
same time fur maintaining the integrity of the empire
by leaving to the Imperial Parliament control of Im-
perial affairs.
The strike in which more than 10,000 miners were
engaged in Cleveland, Yorkshire, has ended by the men
accepting the raa.ster's terms, which impose a "reduction
of 12J per cent, in wages.
The House of Commons has passed a licensing act
by a vote of 328 to 39.
The British Ministry have decided to defer the re-
cognition of the Spanish government until its reorg.ani-
zation has the appearance of greater permanency.
Liverpool, 6th mo. 22d.— Uplands cotton, 8J a S'id.
Breadstuff's firmer.
Eecent votes in the French Assembly have encour-
aged the hopes of the Republican members, and pro-
bably the motion fur a dissolution of the Assembly will
not be urged at present. On the 19th an amendment
to the municipal organization bill was adopted by a
vote of 379 to 3-H, which completes the defeat of "the
measure. The amendment in effect maintains the ex-
isting system of municipal elections. This vote was
unexpected and caused great surpri.se. A Paris dispatch
says: _" The Right" is deeply discouraged by the recent
votes in the Assembly. It feels that its power is gone,
and the majority which it was hitherto able to com-
mand is broken up.
Oil the 20th the municipal organization bill was again
before the Assembly, and the Alinister of the Interior
announced thatthe government had accepted theamend-
ment proposed to the bill, which extends for two years
the operation of the present law providing that nomina-
tions for mayors shall be made by the government.
The amendment was thereupon adopted by a vote of
3-58 to 329.
A Calcutta dispatch says, that the prospects for the
future crops are greatly improved by copious rains now
falling throughout the country. Three hundred thou-
sand persons are still being fed by the government.
The steamer Africa has returned, after successfully
submerging her section of the Brazilian cable. The
line has been tested and found to work well. Tele-
graphic communication is now complete to the Cape
Verde Islands, and thence to Brazil.
Advices from Rio Janeiro to the 6th inst., state that
the^ yellow fever had broken out in Bahia, and was
raging with great violence.
l\Iilitary operations in the north of Spain have been
temporarily suspended on account of inclement weather
and sickness in the army of General Concha.
The frontier town of Fliqueras, in Gerona, is closely
invested by the Carlists. They still hold Estalla with
a strong force.
The Pope has delivered an address to the Cardinals,
HI which he renews his protest against the annexation
of the Papal States by Italy, the abolition of religious
corporations, and other usurpations. He says he has
received overtures of reconciliation, but declares that
he cannot make peace with enemies of the church. He
exhorts the cardinals to imitate the conduct of foreign
bishops, especially tho.se of Germany and Brazil.
The Turkish vessel, Kars, was run into on the 19th,
the sea of Marmora, by an Egyptian vessel, the
Behra, and sunk in a few minutes. There were 340
persons on board the Kars, only 20 of whom were saved.
On the 21st inst. a great water-spout formed in the
harbor of Havana, and passed through the shipping
causing much damage. The Russian bark Jenny was
capsized, and several small boats were sunk. The
column was dissolved by the firing of a ship of war.
A slave-ship, with 22.5 negroes aboard, from Mozam-
bique bound for Madagascar, has been captured by an
English man-of-war. The slaves were put abo.ard with
only two days' provisions. The voyage was prolonged
to eight days, and tlieir sufferings were indescribable.
Many died before they returned to Africa.
It appears that in the ten days ending the lOtb inst.,
forty-five ships of the aggregate burden of seventy
thousand tons, passed through the Suez Canal. The
transit revenue collected in the same period amounted
to $171,200.
_ The Porte has prohibited the circulation of the Bible
in Turkey.
United States.— The two Houses of Congress have
passed another bill in relation to the currency. The
vote in the Senate was 43 to 19, and in the House of
Representatives 221 to 40. The bill fixes the maximum
U. States on terms ot oquality with British vesseU.
It IS understood that the President will call no extr
session for the consideration «f this treaty at presenr
but that he will by^proclamation, convene the Senat]
for that purpose about ten days before the meetiu" o^
Congress in the Twelfth'montii next. ° [
Tlie Markets, &c. — The following were the quotation
on the 22d inst. New Fori.— American gold. 111;
U. S. sixes, 1881, registered, 116f ; do. coupons, 121 J; di
5-20, registered, 1868, 117 ; do. coupons, 121;.5 perceiit-
114. Superfine flour, $.5 a $.5.5.5 ; State extra, *5 s,
a S6.40; finer brands, S7 a $10.25. Xo. 1 Chica-,
spring wheat, SI. 47; No. 2 do., $1.42; red we^^Wn,
$1.45 a $1..52 ; white Indiana'$1.62. Oats, 62 a 67 rl^
Western mixed corn, 81 a 82J cts. ; white, 90 i ts
Philadelphia.— Middlings cotton, 17| a 18} cts. for ii|.
lands and New Orleans. Superfine flour, $4.75 a $5..'.ii
extras, $5.50 a $6; finer brands, Jf6.50 a $10.25. Aiiilji-i
wheat, $1.58 a $1.60; Penna. red S1..50 a$1..53; westt-ii
red $1.40 a $1.45. Rye, 95 cts. Y'ellow corn, 80 d^
Oats, 58 a 63 cts. Sales of about 2500 beef cattle at 7 j
a 7§ cts. per lb. gross for extra, 8 cts. for a few choice,
61 a 7 cts. for fair to good, and 5 a 6 cts. for common
About 8000 sheep sold at 41a 6J cts. per lb. gross anc
4000 hogs at $8.50 a $8.75 per 100 I'os. net. Chieago.-
No. 1 spring wheat, $1.28 ; No. 2 do., $1.22.5 ; No. ;
do., $1.17i. No. 2 mixed corn, 60i cts. No. 2 oats
46 cts. No. 2 rye, 85 cts. Lard, 10 l"l0 cts. Si. Louis
—No. 2 winter red wheat, $1.32 ; No. 2 spring, $1.09
No. 2 corn, 59 cts. Oats, 45 cts. Cincinnati .—Uix&i
corn, 62 a 64 cts. Oats, 50 a .57 cts. Rye, 90 cts
Lard, lOi cts. .Ba^^i'more.- Western red wheat, $1.3f
a $1.45; western spring, $1.30 a $1.37. White corn.
87 a 90 cts. Oats, 65 a 67 cts.
RASPBERRY STREET COLORED SCHOOL
FOR GIRLS.
Wanted, an energetic competent Teacher for the
above School, to commence 9th month 1st. Apply to
Eliza B. Edwards, 516 Spruce street,
Rachel S. Maris, 127 South Fifth street,
Sarah E. Smith, 1110 Pine street.
AVANTED.
An unmarried Friend to take the position of Governor
at Westtown Boarding School, on or before the close ot
the present session, in the 10th month next.
Apply to
Clark.son Sheppard, Greenwich, New Jersey,
Joseph Walton, Moorstown, "
Charles Evan.s, 702 Race street, Philadelphia.
WANTED
A young man of energy and perseverance, to takei
charge and oversight of the farm belonging to the
Wyandott Mission, situated near Teneca, in the State
of Missouri ; also a woman well qualified to fill the^
place of Matron in J_he Boarding School. Friends'
would be preferred.
issue of .reenhicks it ^■>.^9Mincm(<'V,^A"~ ""• ";!;"; I "'",""'_"'^ preierreo. For further information apply to
amomu to'bf ^ept t ^itcuffir iTfoZrhmhe" t^" S'.^if ^"^^ ^"^^^ °^ " ^'^ ^-"'^'" F^"'' ^"^ -
- --- - er
uicrease of the National Bank currency, and provides
for the redistribution of $55,000,000 of 'said cnrrencv to
be taken from States having more than their fair pro-
portion, and given to those which have less than their
share.
Married, on the 27th of Fifth mo. 1874, at Friends'
Meeting-hou.se, Flushing, Ohio, Ulysses A. McGrew,
The bill makes no reference to a resumption of "'^ t'edar Co., Iowa, to Susan, daughter of Aaron and
specie payments, or for the retirement under any cir- Frances Branson, of Barnesville, Ohio,
cumstances of any portion of the government issues.
The bill has been signed by the President.
Among the acts of the recent session was one to ad-
auopiea, leaves out the insurance companies entirely nie and conversation were
and provides only for the payment of undisputed claims 'sion he made, and though
of ship owners, less the amount they have received for ! 'uuuication by speech, his 1
insurance. The provisions of this bill will not take lief tliat through the mer
Died, on the 12th of the First month, 1874, agedl
,. - . , ., ..-,„..„ seventy-two years, N.viHAN Hall, a member and elder
mit free of duty, _articles intended for the International , of Short Creek Monthlv Meeting, Ohio. He was firmlv
hxhibition of 18(6. The Senate and House disagreed ' attached to the doctrines and testimonies of the Gospel
on the Genev.a award bill, and a committee of confer- j as held by Friends, and felt constrained to bear his
ence w.as appointed. The report of the committee as ! testimony against the modern innovations thereon. His
adopted, leaves ou^t the insurance companies entirely j life and conversation were consistent with the profes-
j^ paralysis prevented com- i
friends have a con.soling be-
,, . -.,,. „ - -" ~, - o mercy of his Redeemer his end
more tlian tour millions out of the fifteen awarded by |Was peace.
the Geneva arbitrators and paid by England. The | , at the residence of his son, Chester A. Weaver
claims of the insurance companies must go over till Smyrna, Chenango Co., N. Y John H Weaver'
""n 'fr' oo, ■ ,,-,... I '■'"■'"'^'■ly "f Hopkinton, R. I., on the 3rd of Fifth month,'
Un the 22d inst., which had been fixed as the day of 1874, being his ninety-fourth birth-day. He liad long
adj(jurnment, much busine.ss was hurried through, but home a testimony against the many innovations in our
so much still remained that it was found necessary to religious Society, often remarking "thereon He was a
extend the session another day. [steady attender of meeting through nearly all his lon^
there were 399 deaths in New York city last week, [life; though during the last two vears he was able to
and 2/ 0 in Philadelphia. meet with Friends but seldom. He spent much of his
President Grant has laid before the U. S. Senate for time in reading the Holy Scriptures and the Journals
con.sideration : "A treaty for the reciprocal regulations of Friends. One of his relatives remarking she was
of the commerce and trade between the United States glad to .see him so quiet and peaceful, he answered, "I
and Canada, with provisions for the enlargement of the have long tried to get into a lamb-like state." His
Canadian canals, and for their use by the vessels of the | friends have the consoling belief that his end was peace.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOSi. XLVII.
SEVENTH-DAY, SEVENTH MONTH 4, 1874.
NO. 46.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
•rice Two Dollars per annum, if paid in advance. Two
dollars and fifty cents, if not paid in advance.
Sabscriptions and Payments received by
JOHN S. STOKES,
IT NO. 116 NORTH PODRTH STREET, DP STAIRS,
PHILADELPHIA.
jPoatage, when paid quarterly in advance, five cents.
Star 'Streams.
(Continued from page 3r>4.)
The stellar heavens present iis with a pro-
blem of vast difficulty — the problem of deter-
mining the laws according to which those
myriads of orbs whicii the unaided eyes can
see, or which the telescope reveals, are dis-
tributed throughout space.
My purpose in the present paper is to pur-
iBuo an inquiry (commenced by me some five
■years ago) into a certain peculiarity of the
|,arrangeraent of objects within the star-depths,
■which appears to promise some insight into
ithe real laws of stellar aggregation. I refer
to the circumstance that there may be ob-
served among the stars a tendency to arrange
ment in streams, of greater or less length, and
more or less distinctly recognizable. We re-
cognize so clearly within our solar system
such motions and such laws of distribution as
suggest a process of evolution, that the mind
is led to inquire whether the motion of the
stars and their arrangement throughout space
may not indicate the action of a yet higher
order of evolution. If the genesis of a solar
system has been or is being revealed to us,
may not the genesis of a galaxy be one day
revealed in like manner?
Let us now turn to the discussion of those
observed facts, simply, which seem to show
that the stars in certain regions have been
gathered into streams.
The reader is aware that the six stars which
ordinary powers of sight recognize in the
Pleiades are but a few among a very large
number which are seemingly collected towards
one particular region of ihe heavens in this
place. Now, if we consider only two stars of
the Pleiades, considerably unequal in magni-
tude, it must be regarded as not only possible,
but (on (( priori considerations) highly pro-
bable, that these two orbs lie at very different
distances from the earth, and are not physi-
cally associated. But we are not tree to ex-
tend this reasoning, which is admissible in the
case of two stars, to the whole group of the
Pleiades, and to argue that, because we have
no means whatever of determining the actual
distances of the orbs in that group, we are not
at liberty to assume that they form a real
clustering aggregation of stars. In so doing,
we should undoubtedly be losing sight of evi-
dence which absolutelj- demonstrates the clus-
tering nature of the Pleiades. We have onlj-
to consider the mathematical jirobabilit}* that
so manj' orbs would be gathered together
within a certain portion of the heavens in the
Pleiades, when the total number of stars be-
tween the same limits of magnitude is such
and such, to see that we have not to do with
an accidental phenomenon due merely to the
apparent association of stars of many orders
of distance in nearly the same direction, but
with a real aggregation of stars into a definite
cluster, surrounded on all sides by compara-
tively vacant regions. We know that William
Mitchell, more than a hundred years ago, by
simply considering the six brighter stars of
the Pleiades, was able to show that the odds
are about half a million to one against the
association of these stars being apparent only.
Now it is worthy of notice that, even among
titars of the first three or four orders of magni-
tude, signs of aggregation are discernible,
which appear too marked to be due to" mere
chance distribution. For instance, if we take
an equal surface (isogrnphic) chart of the
northern heavens, showing all stars down to,
the fourth magnitude inclusive, we are struck
by the singular vacancy Ij'ing where modern
astronomers place the constellation of the
Cantelopard. Within an oval space, having
Polaris and Castor as the ends of its longer
diameter, Dubhe and 6 Aurigiv as the ends of
its shorter diameter, there are but three stars
above the fifth magnitude, although this re-
gion extends over some fifty-eight degrees in
length and about thirteen degrees in breadth.
But it is when we consider the stars down
to the fifth magnitude inclusive that we first
begin to recognize the existence of a marked
tendency to stream-formation. It is among
these stars, in fact, that we find those streams
which the ancients recognized when they
gave to certain star-groupings such names as
Hydra, Draco, Serpi-ns, the Eiver Eridanus,
and when they marked down among the
constellation-pictures two streams from the
water can of Aquarius and a band connecting
together the two fishes. The prolongations
of some of these streams of lucid stars have
been recognized by those modern astronomers
who gave to certain southern star-groupiugs
the names Hydrus, Reticulum, and the like.
Now, the chief question which has to be
answered, in considering the evidences of
stream-formation, is whether the streams are
apparent only or real ; and, in order to answer
this question, we have to inquire what form
or degree of streaminess (so to speak) might
be expected among the 1,50(1 stars, down to
the filth magnitude inclusive, if these were
really spread at random over the celestial
sphere. In another of these esstys I have in-
dicated the means whereby I have tested this
matter, and the conclusion to which 1 have
been led — this namely, that although among
1 500 or 2,000 points distributed at random
over a surface of any kind, certain groups re-
sembling streams might bo recocrni/.od, such
streams would not be nearly so well marked
as the streams actually oliserved among the
stars down to the fifth magnitude. But, on
the other hand, it is not to be exjiected that
the star streams aetuallj' recognized should
be so exceedingly well marked and regular,
or should be trace:ilile over such great dis-
tances, that the reality of the stream-forma-
tion would be obvious at once. Had this been
the case, indeed, the reasoning by which I
have endeavored to establish the reality of
the phenomenon would not have been re-
quired. The first astronomers would have
recognized the phenomenon as clearly as we
can do. Therefore I do not consider the argu-
ments which have been chiefly urged against
these streams of lucid stars, regar<lod as hav-
ing a real existence, as needing refutation.
It has been urged that the streams can only
bo traced over such and such dist:inces; that
they can be carried this way or that, accord-
ing to fancy, and so on. This, however, was
to be expected ; if it were otherwise, the reality
of the streams would long since have been re-
cognized : and apart from this, rememliering
that we are looking into the depths of space,
and that, supposing star streams really to
exist, we must see them foreshortened — in
many instances projected on a background of
stars less systematically distributed, and in
other cases mixed up seemingly with other
streams, eithernearer or farther off — the won-
der rather is that any well-marked portion of
any stream should be recognizable, than that
no stream should be traceable over very large
areas on the heavens, and still less from its
beginning to its end. That the reader may
form his own opinion as to the reality of the
streams traceable among stars down to the
fifth magnitude, I give the case of the stars
forming the connecting band of Pisces, a star-
group which is certainly not the most remark-
able for streaminess, but chances to be more
convenient for the purposes of illustration
than most others. We have certain lines
along which the stars are plentifully strewn,
while the adjacent spaces are relatively vacant.
This feature, recogtiizable not only in this
case, but in others,and even more markinil}' in
several instances, is one which cannot reason-
ably be ascribed to mere coincidence. Let it
bo noted, moreover, that whatever significance
we attach to it, when considering the stars of
the first five orders of magnitude, must be en-
hanced if, as we proceed, we recognize a simi-
lar feature, (on a different scale, however)
among stars of lower orders of magnitude.
Before leavintr the connectincr band of
Pisces, however, I would invite special atten-
tion to the manner in which the two star
streams are conjoined. We see these streams
converging upon a single star brighter than
those which form the streams themselves ;
and we may also trace, not indistinctly, a cer-
tain general equality of distribution among
the stars of the two streams. The former
362
THE FRIEND.
feature is, however, the only one I care at
present to dwell upon; and it is to this parti-
cular arrangement of streams — two or more
(but usually two) proceeditig from a single
star — or of branches proceeding, as it were,
from a single stem, that I have given the title
of star spraj's. In searching among the star-
depths revealed by telescopes of considerable
power, many cases raaj' be noticed in which
such star sprays exhibit a singular uniformity
of structure. The stars of the leading magni
tudes are too few in number to afford many
well-marked instances. I may note, however,
the arrangement of the stars in Coma Bere
uices as one illustration of this sort; the stars
y, 14 and 13, foi'ming the stalk of the spray.
Another illustration may be recognized in the
stars forming the poop of Argo and the hind-
•juarters of Canis Major. The streams from
the water can of Aquarius form a more exten-
sive, but perhaps less satisfactory, illustration
of the Same peculiarity.
I may say with confidence that it is wholly
impossible to regard them as accidental ; they
indicate beyond all possibility of question the
existence of some real cause which has led to
a drifting of the stars towards certain regions.
(To be continued.)
The Tiro Hoses. — Being with my friend in
a garden, we gathered each of us a rose. He
handled his tenderly; smelt to it but seldom,
and sparingly. I always kept mine to my
no.se, or squeezed it in my hand ; whereby, in
a very short time it lost both its color and its
sweetness ; but his still remained as sweet and
fragrant as if it had been growing upon its
own root. These roses, said I, are the true
eniblems of the best and sweetest creature-
enjoyments in the world — which, being moder-
ately and cautiously used and enjoyed, may
for a long, time yield sweetness to the pos-
sessor of them ; but if once the affections seize
too greedily upon them, and squeeze them too
hard, they quickly wither in our hands, and
we lose the comfort of them ; and that, either
through the soul surfeiting upon them, or the
Lord's righteous and just removal of them,
because of the excess of our affections to them.
It is a point of excellent wisdom, to keep the
golden bridle of moderation upon all the affec-
tions we exercise on earthly things; and never
to let slip the reins of the affections, unless
they move towards God, in the love of whom
there is no danger of excess. — Flavel.
"No More Than You Can Avoid."'
Some observations on the utility of a " not."
1 have noticed for years that careful gram-
Kiarians and good writers use this absurd ex
pression, as thus: "Stay no longer than you
can avoid," " Saj' no more than you can help,"
&c. A recent editorial article in one of the
(;ity morning papers wound up with advice to
the sea-sick to " be as little below as you can
possibly help."
The absurdity is ])erfectly evident on ex-
amination. One "can avoid" staying a life-
time, and he " can help" saying a great deal
or being below deck the whole passage. The
correct expression required by the meanini'-
is "than you cannot avoid." This will be
seen by sub-tituting " than you are compelled
to," to which the latter expression is equiva-
lent. Or analyze the sentence into two parts,
and it will bo plain that, for instance, " I re-
mained no longer than I could not avoid," is
correct, because the moaning is that I could
not avoid remaining (say) ten minutes, and I
remained no longer than that time.
I have thought it worth while to call atten-
tion to this universal error because all with
whom I have discussed it begin by ridiculing,
and end by admitting it. — Evening Post.
For ■' The Friend."
Memoirs and Letters of Sarali Hillman.
tCoDtinued from page 348.)
"Philada.,8th7no.Gth,185i. *** Gladly
would I sit awhile with and his sick
daughter, were it practicable, feeling tender
sympathy with him in his alBictions, which
doubtless are in mercy designed for his further-
ance in the way of life and salvation; and
may they be blessed to his beloved companion,
and to his tender offspring. I cannot but be
lieve there is a blessing in it. There is but
one way to the kingdom of Heaven, and that
is the way of the -weeping cross.' Oh, then,
that his precious mind may be brought into
holy resignation to the Divine will ; may he
be enabled to take the cup which his heaven-
ly Father giveth him, that he may experience
the peace ot God which passeth all understand-
ing to keep his heart and mind, and thus ex-
emplify the blessed fruits of the religion of
his dear Lord and Saviour, who 'came that
we might have life, and that we might have
it more abundantly.'
* * * Surely it is good for us to be afflicted,
if we may only be brought nearer to our
Father in Heaven through this medium, and
instead of trusting for consolation to creature
comforts, which are mutable and will soon be
removed, come to look to the Lord Jesus, the
everlasting fountain of light and life and bliss.
Very often do I remember some lines of
Heber, where he says;
' Oh ! help us Lord each hour of need,
Thy heavenly succor give;
Help us in thought and word and deed,
Each hour on earth we live.
Oh ! help us when our spirits bleed,
By conlrite anguish sore ;
And when our hearts are cold and dead,
Oh ! help us Lord the more.
Oh ! help us through the prayer of faith
More tirinly to believe ;
For still the more the servant hath,
The more shall he receive.
If strangers to thy fold we call.
Imploring at thy feet,
The crumbs which from thy table fall,
'Tis all we dare entreat.
Yet be it Lord of Mercy all,
So thou wilt grant but this.
The crumbs which from thy table fall.
Are light and life and bli.ss.
Oh ! help us Jesus from on high,
We know no help but thee.
Oh ! help us so to live and die,
As thine in Heaven to be.'
This is th
are rejoicing, while it seems more accordan
with the feelings of my poor spirit to ci-}
'Tell it not in Gath, publish it not in th
streets of Askelon, lest the daughters of th
Philistines rejoice, lest the children of the qri
circumcised triumph!' Truly there is of thii
class among us uiicireumcised in heart an
ear, to whom the word of the Lord is a i\
proach, and they have no delight in ii: wh
are laying wait for and watching for our halt
ing. ' What will these do when God risetl
up, and when he appeareth what will thei
answer him?' How we shall be affected by i
is a question I cannot fathom ; neither whi
will unite! Still my faith remains firm ii
Israel's unslumbering Shepherd, and surd'
he will sustain us if we cleave close to hiin
sometimes He hides his face from us when w.
can but mourn; and again he condescends ti
come as the clear shining after the rain, whei
His poor feeble, trembling, afflicted little one
can sing praise to the springing up of tin
well spring of the waters of life."
"Phildda., 1st mo. Wth, 18.55. * * * Oh! hov
low and insignificant do all mundane thingi
appear, in comparison of winning Chris
Jesus, and being tbund oi Him in peace. Hov
I long to be able in my measure, small as it is
to say 'The work which thou gavest me t(
do I have finished, through Christ strengthen
ing me ;' and yet, dear , my faith is si
reduced I hardly dare believe it will be. ^h
only hope is in the mercy of my dear Loii
and Saviour, who I know can make up in>
deficiencies, and blot out of his book of re
membrance all my sins of omission and
commission, as well
ultimatum of our wishes. Let
us then so run, so fight, so persevere in faith,
that we may through mercy obtain the prize
at the end of the race."
" Philada., 9th mo. 10th, 1854. * * Well,
we have to know another separation in Ohio
Yearly Meeting! Where these separations
will end, or where land us all, is beyond the
limits of my finite vision. One thing is cer-
tain, if the Lord do not help us, we shall find
other helpers will fail. May He in his mercy
arise and turn again our captivity. The cir-
cumstances and manner of it, are as yet so
indefinitely known here, it is vain to make
any attempt at delineation.* Some perhaps
* For a full and explicit account of this lamented
separation, see "The Friend," Vol. XXVIII., pp. 7-8,
30—2, and 41—3.
omission anil o
as lead me in the path;
of righteousness, for his holy name's sake.
May we all, my dear friend, be brought int(
entire reliance upon his almighty Arm, wlu
still worketh wonders for his people who trusi
in Him. Then I trust He will in his unutter
able mercy make a waj' through the sea, ant
a path through the mighty waters, and saj
unto the proud waves ' Cease from your
raging,' and Israel shall go over the sea dry
shod."
''Philada., 3d mo. 15th, 1855. * * * As I
lie upon my sofa, my mind embraces a vast
variety of concerns relative to the state of oui
Society, and the plaintive language arises
'If the Lord do not help us, whence shall an
other do it?' Oh ! were it not for the mercy
of having access through our ble.ssed Saviour
to the Father of mercies in such times ot
treading down and perplexity, what shouM
we do? Methinks the door is open wide for
all the suppliants to come and plead and plead
again for themselves and for their people : ami
Jesus the Saviour, the Sent, the Anointed, the
Exalted One, is near to support all who cry
unto him in faith, and the day is coming when
such as have continued with Him, who have
had to partake of vinegar mingled with myrrh,
will have to sing of his everlasting loving-
kindness to their poor souls ; for the voice of
rejoicing and salvation will be heard in the
tabernacles of the righteous, while the City
Shushan will be perplexed. * * May all
the counsel of Ahithophel be turned into fool-
ishness, and that work only stand which is
wrought bj^ the appointment of the supreme
Euler of the universe, who saith, 'Hearken'
unto me my people,' etc., etc. '
The approach of Yearly Meeting brings
deep concern upon every truly sensible mind'
doubtless, and sleeping or waking, many are
the aspirations of even the junior members
THE FRIEND.
363
with the elder ones, that Jerusalem may be
known to be a quiet habitation, and the taber-
nacles of robbers may not prosper: and it
seems to me that some, of whom it mii^ht bo
said, ' Strangers have devoured his strength,
and he knew it not,' begin to feel that it is so,
and are desiring to t3nd a resting place while
the flood of waters is upon the earth. Oh,
may they return to the ark where alone is
safety. May each one of us bo brought clearly ,
,to discover our i-eal situation, and in humility [
and godlj- sincerity apply to the Physician of
value for a remedy. There is but one sure
wa}' to the kingdom, one blessed Shepherd,
and one true sheepfold."
"(IfA Hio. 5fA, 1855. * * * Oh, to be en-
abled to keep the faith, and to fight the good
fight thereof to the end of the race, let come
what may, and at the conclusion of all ter-
restrial things, to be fouml of Ilim who is the
King eternal, immortnl, invisible in peace,
what an unspeakable blessing; what a mercy
will it be! Let us, my dear friend, press on-
ward, and still onward ; let us venture on his
Mighty Name, who bath cut Rahab and
wounded the dragon. He is able to deliver,
and his love is still the same.
Samuel Leeds, I hear, is very poorly ; so
that we maj' perhaps never hear the sound
of his voice again in our religious assemblies.
But I trust his spirit will be centred forever
with the myriads of the redeemed around the
throne, uniting in the one unceasing siiug of
praise to him who loved them, and hath
washed them from their sins in his own pre-
cious blood, and hath made them kings and
priests unto God and his Father. This is
worth living for, and worth suffering for, and
unto this glorious end are we called."
CTo be concluded.)
Chinfse Etiqnettp.
(Concluded from page 357.)
In case 3'ou wish to write to a person of
some rank, white paper must be used, folded
tenor twelve times like a f;in ; the letter is
begun on the second fold, and the signature
is placed on the last. The smaller the charac-
ter in which it is wrilten, the more respect-
ful is it considered. AVhen finished, it is put
in a small paper bag, outside which is writ-
ten, " The letter is within." If it be a busi-
ness paper sent to court, a feather is fastened
to the paper; a symbol indic:iting to the mes-
senger that he must have wings. Such min-
ute formalism makes Europeans seem to these
refined mandarins a people of very vulgar
manners and incongruous mode of life. What
astonishment they experience, for example,
when we take off our hats to salute them !
as the mere fact of uncovering the head the}-
deem a serious impertinence. In order to
conform to this usage, the Roman Catholic
missionaries thought it necessary to send to
the Pope for permission to adopt, whilst cele-
brating mass, a peculiar kind of cap, resem-
bling the state head dress of the mandarins.
Amidst the general shipwreck of all kinds
of belief that has taken place in China, obedi-
ence to parents, and the high value the child-
dren attach to preserving their remains, is
very remarkable. The horrible crime of par-
ricide is considered a public misfortune, and
the flourishing town of Loujtcheou has become
deserted and the home ot bandits, owing to
this having occurred there. Not only do they
throw down the cities which are polluted by
it, but they go so far as to put to death the
mandarins for not having prevented it. These
unfortunate beings are declared culpable for
having allowed the hearts of the people to
become depraved bj- their bad administration.
A son who raises his hand against his father
does more than outrage nature ; ho shakes
with the same blow the political system, which
stands on the double base of filial submission
and of paternal authority. There arises from
it, on the one side, the strictest dependence,
and on the other, limitless and uncontrolled
power, the consequences of which are almost
insupportable in the familj' cii'cle ; but the
doctrine is as dear to a Chinese as the idea of
divine right was to our kings of old.
If it should happen that a man die at a dis-
tance from his home, a son would be dis-
graced, especially in his family, if he failed
to bring the body to the tomb of his ances-
tors, and refused to place his name in the hall
where tbey honor them. Thus it often oc-
curs that j-ou meet solemn convoj-s crossing
various parts of the empire, and weighing
with heavy burdens on the people, as they are
compelled to oftcr the manadrins who accom-
pany them gifts suitable to the rank of the
corpse they are taking to its last resting place.
I)uring life it is the duty of each to prepare
the coftin for the time of death, and the
poor receive, with the warmest expressions
of gratitude, a small present to go towards its
purchase, which, if it bear the name of a
celebrated maker, is a very costly luxury.
Not unfrequently you will see the coffin al-
ready tenanted and placed in the outhouse
where the pit;s live, and close to the cooking
apparatus, awaiting its Inirial. After the
harvest is over, and time is more plentiful, as
well as money to spend in the obsequies, the
children will think about burying the father.
Travi'lling in China is not verj' agreeable,
owing to the extremely dirty state of the
inns; men and animals share the same filthy
floor in miserable proximity. The manure
heap charms the eye of this agricultural peo-
ple without annoying their sense of smell;
and they are too utilitarian in their ideas of
its value to banish it to a reasonable distance.
The Chinese themselves only stop at a hotel
to sleep or to smoke opium ; through the half-
'Ipsed doors you may see, by the light of the
little lamp from which the lover of the noxious
drug never separates himself, men lying on a
mat breathing the white vapor, which by its
faint perfume seems almost to intoxicate the
looker-on. Happy indeed is he who does not
give way tf) the seductive vice ; once begun,
it seems as if it could not be conquered, and
the wretched votaries entreat the European
physicians to give them something which will
help them to refuse it, but in vain. Some-
times the only beds in the hotels are couches
of granite with sculptured pillows, on which
travellers spread their own mattress, sheet,
and eiderdown covering, which they manage
to pack on their horses. The inn-keeper
sometimes furnishes a straw mattress, which
is a miserable substitute, as every traveller
leaves his tribute of insects ; these harbor and
increase to such a degree that the clothes of
the unfortunate occupier have to bo boiled
and his limbs rubbed with rice brandy, in
which tobacco has been soaked, before he can
continue his journey at his ease.
In ordinary cases the room for travellers is
but a dark den. where a light must be burned
at mid-day, and having no opening but into
the stable. But occasionally something bet-
ter is found, when the rooms look on to a
gallery running round an interior court. On
one occasion the miseries and fatigues of the
day were forgotten in such a comfortable
resting place, and some one suggested that a
bowl of punch should lie atteni])ted with the
wretched brand}- of the country. Setting it
on fire the flame was blown about by the
wind entering the cracks in the walls, and the
passers by looking through the torn paj)or
which coverc<l the windows, and seeing a man
with a long red beard stirring uji a fantastic
fire, which seemed to run over the table, took
us for a party of sorcererscoinpnsing a iihiltro,
and fled away in alarm. The innkeeper,
hoping to gain the favor of strangers versed
in the occult sciences, immediately began a
serenade which is used in honor of the man-
darins, and in which an old drum and iron
pan were the chief instruments.
In the town of Ilocli-teheou the peoplo
were still celebrating the New Year, though
ten days had already passed. It is a great
festival with the Chinese. Triumjihal arches
of painted wood crossed the streets, rising at
short intervals in the midst of a gaping crowd.
The small low houses, the wooden fronts of
which were decorated with many colored
lanterns, had the appearance of booths hastily
put up for a fair. An acrobat, with his face
concealed by a grotesque mask, exhausted
himself with contortions on a pyramid of tres-
tles, but notwithstanding his efforts to retain
his admirers, they all followed the more won-
derf^ul exhibition of real Europeans. Only
too frequently they stone strangers, making
it unsafe to traverse an inland town. The
military mandarins and the soldiers do not
show the same pride and disgust to foreigners
as the literary ranks. Though the former
have rude manners, they are ordinarily more
humble, and not being familiar with the
classics, they do not worship the past. They
recognize fully our superiority in war, as vvell
as in the excellence of our arms. It has cost
them much to accede to this, and abandon
the errors which their natural vanity led them
into ; but they console themselves by tho
thought that they still preserve an intellectual
superiority. Yet those maiidarins who have
grown gray over their books, and have pain-
fully arrived at the end of their career by
writing and deciphering all the eighty thou-
sand characters of their written language,
guess that in scientific knowledge, and, above
all, in our method of writing, we are far before
them, and that if we were to substitute a sys-
tem of phonetic writing, so that the young
men in our schools could read English, French,
and Chinese in the same characters, their in-
fluence would have passed away forever.
In a country like China, where an emperor
has burned all the libraries, and thrown tho
learned men into the fire, it may be possible
to hope that a wiser ruler may take under his
protection a European alphabet, without con-
sulting or caring for the desperate resistance
of the learned men. Although this scarcely
seems probable at present, tbey evidently an-
ticipate it, hating us by instinct, and covertly
encouraging the populace to break out in vio-
lent attacks on strangers. — Church of England
Magazine.
* »
A farmer was walking with a friend through
a beautiful meadow, when he chanced to ob-
serve a thistle growing thriftily on the oppo-
site side of the fence. Immediately ho sprang
364
THE FRIEND.
over and cut it off close to the ground. " Is
that your field ?" asked the other. " O, no ;
but bad weeds don't care mui-h for fences.
If I should leave that thistle to blossom in
my neighbor's field I should soon have plenty
in my own." His answer may serve as a hint
to fathers and mothers. It is of importance
to them how their neighbor's children turn
out. Heart weeds care less than thistles for
boundary fences. Boys and girls who go to
the same school, or who live in the same
neighborhood, catch many a trait from each
other. It is our duty as well as our interest
to do what we can for the benefit of our neigh-
bors' children. — Late Paper.
«-<»
The Nitrate of Soda District of Pern.
It very rarely rains at any point on the
Peruvian coast, the nearest approach to it
being a heavy mist, and there is in conse-
(|uence scarcely a spot near the sea, awaj'
from the immediate banks of the few streams,
that would not be, without irrigation, practi-
cally a desert. The soil is generally very
prolific, and only needs irrigation to produce
abundantly, but the lack of water supply con-
fines the cultivated portion of the countrj'
west of the Cordilleras to narrow limits. Jn
the province of Tarapaca, however, in which
the nitrate of soda is now worked, the soil is
apparently utterly barren, and the configura-
tion of the country so peculiar, that it is hard
to conceive of vegetation being possible, even
with abundant irrigation or regular rain fall.
Between the ocean and the great pampa of
Tamariigal, a distance of nearly thirty miles
in a direct line, the country is very broken,
consisting of small pampas with hills and
mountains tossed up in endless confusion.
The less elevated places and pampas are more
pits than valleys. In former ages, as the sea
subsided, it would appear that these pits
formed a series of salt water lakes, pools, and
juarshes, in which the saline constituents of
the sea accumulated, from which the nitrate
of soda is supposed to have been derived
through the agency of carbonate of lime and
decomposing vegetable matters. No vegeta-
tion is met with in this region, with the ex-
ception of a few cacti which derive their sup-
port from the heavy fogs, which in the winter
season hang for a large portion of the time at
the top of high clitls facing the sea. Its ap-
pearance is indescribably dreary and desolate,
but there are spots nevertheless where the
scenery is fine— even grand — and with certain
lights, the mountains, barren as they are,
with their many colored tints have a beauty
of their own.
The western limits of the district on which
the nitrate of soda is worked is generally ten
miles from the coast, and extends for about
twenty miles in width to the edge of the great
pampa of Tamarugal. Its northern limit is
about fifty miles north of Iquique, and its
southern limit about thirty miles to the south
of this point, which is the chief port through
which it enters commerce. The deposits of
the salt are supposed to extend stili further
south to the border of Bolivia; and a large
district in the latter country is also known to
contain it.
The excessive dryness of the atmosphere in
this region is extraordinary; the days are al-
most invariably clear and very warm, timber
and plank become warped in an astonishingly
short space of time, and books, even with
heavy covers, cannot be left exposed for
twenty-four hours on a table without their
covers warping. This feature is also observed
in the adjoining pampa of Tamarugal, which
is in several respects quite remarkable. This
plain is over 3000 feet above the sea level, is
-ome thirty miles in width and over two hnn
dred in length, and to the eye is as level as
the ocean. It is bounded on the east by the
Cordilleras, which rise abruptly to a height of
10,000 feet above the plain. The view on
coming in sight of this pampa is very strik-
ing; the immense height of this long range
of mountains, and the distinctness with which
on a clear day, they can be seen, even in their
minute details, make it difficult for one to be
lieve that they can be over five or six miles
distant instead of thirty. Until the Cordillera
are approached this pampa is as destitute of
rain as the region nearer the coast, and parts
of it are covered for miles in extent with a
coating of common salt, so rough and angular
in its surface, that it is almost impossible to
take a horse or mule through it without
laming them. In some spots, however, where
the upper crust to a depth of one or two feet
has been removed, a very rich and fertile soil
has been found, capable with irrigation, of
raising vegetables and fruits.
The deposits of nitrate of soda are by no
means continuous over this large district of
1500 square miles, in which it is now worked.
It is generally obtained from the covering of
earth, upon the bottoms or edges of the val-
leys or pits, or at the foot of the hills skirting
the pampa of Tamarugal. But the deposit is
very irregular, being more in a series of
pockets than a continuous stratum.
Almost every where in the valleys, where
the actual rock does not reach the surface, is
found a laj'er of indurated gravel. Beneath
this gravel is found the nitrate of soda stra-
tum, which varies in thickness from the thin-
nest layers to beds of 12 feet deep. The
amount of the salt contained in it differs
greatly, being sometimes as much as seventy-
five percent., but the average quantity would
probably not exceed fifty per cent. Its ex-
traction is performed on the spot, by boiling
the crude material for several hours, with
water obtained from the deep wells sunk in the
neighborhood of the factories. The turbid
liquid is then run out to settle, and after the
mud has been deposited the solution is drawn
off into shallow crystallizers. After the nitrate
of soda has been collected from these vessels,
it is packed in bags, and transported to Iquique
for shipment. — Condensed from a paper by T.
F. Flagg.
Be Careful in Old Age. — An old man is like
an old wagon ; with light loading and careful
usage it will last for years, but one heavy load
or sudden strain will break it, and ruin it for-
ever. Many people reach the age of fifty,
sixty or even seventy, measurably free from
most of the pains and infirmities of age, cheery
in heart and sound in health, ripe in wisdom
and experience, with sympathies mellowed b}'
age, and with reasonable prospects and op-
portunities for continued usefulness in the
world for a considerable time. Let such per-
sons be thankful, but let them also be careful.
An old constitution is like an old bone — broken
with ease, mended with difficulty. A young
tree bends to the gale, an old one snaps and
falls before the blast. A single hard lift; an
hour of heating work ; an evening of exposure'
to rain or damp; a severe chill; an excess ofj
food ; the unusual indulgence of any appetitii
or passion ; a sudden fit of anger ; an impropei!
dose of medicine — any of these, or othei'
similar things, may cut off a valuable life ir
an hour, and leave the fair hopes of usefulnesi
and enjoyment but a shapeless wreck. — Popu
lar Science Monthly.
-^-^
Selected.
THE SECRET SPRING.
" He sl>all be as a tree planted, and that spreadetl
out her roots by the river, and shall not see when hea
Cometh, but her leaf shall be green." Jer. xvii. 7, 8.
The gentle moon was silvering
The outline of the trees,
'fhe lullaby of nature
Was whispered in the breeze.
'Twas not a time for talking,
Or speculations high :
I wanted to be (juiet,
And liear that lullaby.
I wanted to be silent,
And watch the waving grass,
So gracefully inclining
To let the breezes pass.
It seemed to grow in beauty,
The more it bowed its head,
Like penitential murmurs
On saintly dying bed.
I marvelled at its beauty
So manifold, so sweet,
Like rainbow colors l)lending
In harmony complete,
And while I looked, and wondered
What made it grow so high,
The cjuestion rose within me,
Is there a hid supply ?
For it was taller, fairer,
Than all the grass around ;
What made it thus to differ
From cumberers of the ground ?
At last, the whispering breezes
This answer seemed to bring,
(Its echoes rang within me,)
" There is a Secret Spring .'"
Thou canst not see the waters
By which the grass is fed ;
Tlion canst not see the brooklet,
Within its little bed ;
Thou canst not even hear it.
So quiet is its How ;
Aiui yet, those hidden waters
Have made the grass to grow !
Then " planted by the waters,"
O Saviour, let me be,
That I may thus be fruitful,
And glory bring to Thee !
Not unto me be glory !
lliy praises would I sing :
Yes, for the grass were nothing
Without the Secret Spring.
Selected*
COME TO ME.
What strains of compassion are heard from above,
Calling sinners to flee to the liosoni of Love !
'Tis the voice of the Saviour who speaks from on high —
" Turn ye, turn ye, poor wanderers, O why will ye die?
Turn, turn, ere ye perish, for judgment is nigh."
What a sweet invitation is heard from above.
Calling children to fly to the bosom of Love !
'Tis the voice of the Shepherd ! how kind is its tone
" Come ye young ones to me, ere life's spring time be
flown ;
I will take you and bless you, and make you mine own."
What accents of comfort are heard from above.
Calling mourners to rest on the bosom of Love !
'Tis the voice of our tender and faithful High Priest—
"Come to me, ye who labor, with sorrows oppress'd :
Come, and learning of me, your tired souls .shall find
rest.
What songs of rejoicing are rising above.
From the blest who repose on the bosom of Love !
'Tis the voice of the ransomed ; how joyful the strain, —
Glory, blessing and power to the Lamb that was slain,
For He suti'er'd for us, and with Him we shall reign."
James O. SinaU.
THE FRIEND.
365
Selected.
[The following article is from the pen of the
well-known entoQiologist, Ilathvon, of Lan-
caster county, Pa.]
The Culorado Potato Bng.
The Colorado potato Luig, or Doryphora
decemlineta, has for several 3'ear8 past made
alarming ravages in the potato crops of the
estern section of this country. Some forty
years ago, it was known in the Rocky Moun-
tains, where it seemed to be indigenous, feed-
ing upon the rostratum, or wild potato. "When
'the common tuber was introduced in that re-
gion, the beetle soon attacked it, and spread-
ing from one field to another, in 1859 it had
reached a point one hundred miles west of
Omaha. In 1861 it invaded Iowa, and crossed
the Mississippi in 1864-65.
The beetle lays its eggs on the underside of
the potato leaf. These are speedily hatched.
The lurvie, when full grown, is over half an
inch long, verj' thick in the middle, and taper-
iing towards the head and tail. It is of a pale
yellow color, often dusky or freckled on the
bark, with small blackish dots, and along each
side are two rows of large black dots. The
logs are black, and the head black and shin-
in i;-.
The mature insect, the beetle itself, is nearly
half an inch long and a quarter of an inch
wide. Its shape is oval, very convex above
(and flat beneath; of a hard crustaceous tex-
ture, smooth and shining, and of a bright
[Straw color, the head and thorax being some
i times tawnj- yellow ; head and thorax marked
I with black spots; the wing cases with black
[Stripes arranged longitudinally, five on each
icase. The antenna; are twelve-jointed; the
first five joints are pale or tawnj' yellow, the
remaining joints black, the last joint being
small, and sunk into the penultimate one.
The legs are tawnj- yellow, the hips, knees
and feet being usuallj' black. It requires less
than a month to pass from the egg to the
beetle state.
Where the bug once gets a footing, it speedi-
ly destroys the entire crop. It is believed to
eft'ect all its transformations in fifteen days, so
that a single pair would, if unmolested, pro-
duce sixty millions of progeny in a single sea-
son. Various modes of preventing its ravages
have been suggested. Brushing or shaking
the larva} from the haulm into a vessel, is
sometimes tried, but this is a laborious and
dangei-ousoperation. Dusting the leaves with
white hellebore powder is an effective remedy
■when it is well done; the powder must, how-
ever, be freshly ground, as it loses its efficacy
when kept too long. Paris green is also re-
commended, but both powders are irritating
to those applying them, while the latter is
extremely poisonous. Birds, it is said, will
not destroy the bugs, as the emanations from
their crushed bodies are noxious even to hu-
man beings, and, it is said, have caused several
deaths. The symptoms resemble those caused
by the bite of a rattlesnake. The beetle has
several insect enemies, especially some varie-
ties of ladybird, which prey upon its eggs and
larvse.
There has been considerable alarm in Eng-
land lately, lest the pest should be imported
thither in American potatoes, and official in-
vestigations have been made in order to de-
termine the advisability of prohibiting impor-
tations of the vegetable. The report, how-
ever, points out that the larvae of the parasite
are not deposited in the tubers or conveyed
by them, and that with the exercise of proper
(are no danger need be apprehended from
American potatoes imported into England.
S. S. Rathvon, the well known entomologist
of Lancaster, has furnished the Morning lie
view with the following:
Without entering into a description or his-
tory of this scourge of the potato plant, we
will give only a synopsis of the possil.iilities
of its increase, and adduce what has, so far,
been the most successful artificial remedy for
its arrest and destruction.
In the latitude of Southern Pennsylvania
this insect is ca])able of producing certainly
two distinct broods during the spring and
summer season, but it is more than probable
it would produce three broods. Each female
beetle, during her life-time, deposits one thou-
sand eggs, at different times, within a ])criofi
of about fort}' days. Applying the rule of
simple multiplication, should a fertilizer^
either by ordinary or extraordinary means —
find her way into a thrifty potato field, the
result would possibly be the f)llowing:
The first brood would be five thousand, the
one-half of which would bo females, and very
probably more than one-half. Multiply one
thousand bj^ five hundred, and we have five
hundred thousand as the seeond brood, all pro
ceeding from a single female at the beginning
of the season. But, suppose an early sprinsj
or a late autumn should occur, we might rea
sonably look for the development of a third
brood which, by the simple rule above stated
would then reach the almost incredible num
ber of two hundred ami fifty millions. If these
are the prolific possibilities originating in a
single gravid female, what would the case be
if ten, twenty, fifty, or a hundred such fe-
males were to be distributed over a potato
field at the same time? That such an ex-
aggerated result would not be likely to fol-
"ow, is no more reason for the farmers of the
country to be indifferent, or relax their efforts
to destroy or check the increase of the insect
than would be their omission to make any
provisions forthe future winter, on theground.
that such a winter might not come, or to lead
a life of moral inditi'erence, on the ground
that thefe might be no further tribunal before
which an account is due.
To counteract these possibilities, there are
some helps in the economy of nature, but the
probabilities must be provided for by human
energy, in the application of artificial reme-
dies.
The hest remedy thus far discovered, is
"Paris Green," and the one that is chiefly re-
lied on by those longest and best acquainted
with the insect and its habits. This poison
duly prepared for use, is kept for sale by the
druggists of the Western States, but here in
Pennsylvania the demand for it has not j-et
sprung up. There is very little use in trifling
with other remedies, losing time and crop
both, where the latter is seriously infested.
Vigilant hand picking, early in the spring,
before the eggs are lai'l would be very useful.
Take one pound of (good quality) Paris
Green, and twenty pounds of wheat, r3'e, or
buckwheat flour, and mi.x thoroughly until
the poison is equally distributed. Take a
common "tin cup," with a perforated lid or
bottom to it, (like a common pepper box) and
apply the remedj- in the morning while the
devv is on the plants, or after a shower of rain.
It need not be applied, except where there
are insects, and is sure to kill all it comes in
contact with. When the insects are yet young,
they will be found in groups, and then a small
qnantit}' of the mixture will give them their
quietus. When the weather is windy, the
O|)erator should have the wind blowing from
him, in order not to inhale aii\- of the dust.
Paris Green ma}' also be used in licpiid sus-
pension (it is insolul)le in water) in the pro-
portion of one tablespoonful of pure Green to
an ordinary bucketful of water, and sjirinkle
over the |ilants with any itistrument best
adapted to that ])urposc. An instrument has
been ]iatented in the West, thniugh which
the liquid is blown in the form of spray. Al-
thout;h in this form the remedy is quite as
effectual as it is in the form of powder, yet it
is considered less economical, heavier to carry,
and requires constant stirring,asthe tendency
of the Green is to settle on the bottom.
Ducks, geese and turkeys are said to feed
on these insects, but of course it would not
bo prudent to allow fowls to enter a field
where Paris Green had been used.
For "The Frieod."
The foraet.
As soon as the evening twilight has entirely
vanished, when the sky is sufficiently free
from cloud and haze, there may now be dis-
cerned in the northern part of the heavens,
one of those mysterious visitants which we
call comets. This stranger was first discovered
by Coggia, at Marseilles, as long ago as the
17th of Fourth month. Forthe last ten days
or two weeks it has been visible to the naked
eye, except where the moonlight has been too
bright for it. With the aid of a glass of low
power, however, it can readily be seen even
when the moon is shining. The writer has
viewed it in this way almost every evening
for a week past. It can be found at any time
of the night by the following description of
its position. The North star, the star of the
'^Dipper" nearest to the North star, and the
eomet, form very nearly an equilateral triangle.
Calling the line joining the two stars the base
of this triangle, then the comet or apex of the
triangle is below the base in the evening and
to the right of it in the morning. Its apparent
position among the stars changes at present
very slowly. Hence it is coming pretty di-
rectly towards us. Owing to this foreshorten-
ing of its path, there is as j'et an uncertainty
as to the exact course it is pursuing. Accord-
ing to some observations and the calculations
founded thereon, the comet should pass its
perihelion about the ISth or 20Lh of the
Seventh month, and be nearest to the earth
about the 4th of Eighth month ; while other
sets of observed jiositions indicate an orbit
that would bring it to its perihelion about the
5th of Seventh month. This uncertainty is
to be expected in undertaking to determine
the track of a bod}' so very distant under cir-
cumstances so unfavorable. We may then
expect our comet to become brighter for a
week or two, or perhaps for a month or more
yet. Should it continue to approach us for a
month, it will no doubt be quite a conspicuous
object, as its brilliancy will in that case in-
crease to some twelve or fifteen times its pre-
sent brightness. This evening, the moonlight
being out of the way, the comet is pretty dis-
tinctly visible to the unassisted eye, but, owing
in part to a slight haze in the atmosphere, it
is difficult to discern the faint brush of light
above it which constitutes its tail.
Those elements of the orbit of Coggia's
366
THE FRIEND.
Comet, which make its perihelion passage
about the 4th of Eighth month, sufficientl3'
resemble the elements of a comot observed in
1737 to render it possible that we arc witness-
ing a return of that body. " If this be so," to
quote from an article in an English periodical
from which some of the above information is
taken — " what strange changes have passed
over this England of ours since this bright
haze last shed its pale gleam over it ! George
the Second was then on the throne ; Walpole
was Prime Minister, and the elder William
Pitt had Just made his entry into political
life. It would be vain to speculate as to the
condition of things which will obtain when
it sh;ill next reveal itself to the gaze of the
earth's inhabitants in the year 2011."
PhilRfia. 6th mo. 30th, 1874.
THE FRIEND.
SEVENTH MONTH 4. 1874.
LONDON YE.\RLY MEETING.
The British Friend con tains an account of the
proceedings of, and the speeches made in, this
Yearly Meeting; which occupies over thirty
of its closely printed pages. There are two
subjects, each of which called forth much dis-
cussion, that involve principles of primary im-
portance to the well being, and we may saj'
to the existence, of the religious Society of
Friends, as the present representatives of the
faith held by its founders, and preserved by
the truly convinced and converted members
in the succeeding generations, to the present
day.
A Testimony respecting Edward Ash was
sent up from Bristol and Somerset (^jiartcrly
Meeting. The endorsing of this by the Yeai-ly
Meeting was strongly opposed by several
Friends, and as strongly advocated by a larger
number. To furnish our readers with a cor-
rect view of the ground taken against and
for the Yearly Meeting giving its usual sanc-
tion to this memorial, we give the following
extracts.
" When I consider that the energy of this
man had been exerted during his whole life
(I mean, of course, since he became a public
character) to overthrow the very foundation
of our faith, and to bring into disrepute the
most holy fivith delivered to our forefathers,
I am not less grieved than surprised to hear
such a laudatory testimony presented con-
cerning him. VVould it be possible to say
more for the most faithful member wo ever
had? We are told in the testimony that
he was 'afaithful minister of Christ.' Friends,
I believe he was no such thing. It cannot be ;
for he denied the very, and the only, means
by which any man can ever rightly know
Cfod and Christ Jesus. How could he be
a minister of Him whom he denies the
power of knowing. He also flatly denied
the universality of the love and grace of
Uod. Can it bo possible, that the Almighty
Maker of us all will ever bring into existence
a single human being, and such shall be with-
out the circle of His love? Such a supposi
tion is utterly untenable, and repugnant to
our best feelings, being alike contrary to Holy
Scripture, contrary to sound reason, contrary'
to common sense. We are told that he re-
signed his membership because he had 'very
strong objections' to several parts of Barclay's
'Apology.' We are also told he was re-
instated in membership — but it is very care-
fully kept out of the testimony whether his
views had changed, and he had confessed his
error before such reinstatement. As to his
doctrine, he is exactly on the same ground,
and runs closely parallel with a bitter enemy
to the Truth and Friends, who lived some
150 or 170 years ago, who wrote a book called
Bennett's 'Confutation of Quakerism,' which
was ably replied to by Benjamin Limlle}- and
other early Friends. In this book are to be
found passages almost exactly agreeing, ver-
hatim, with some in B. Ash's last work — his
attack on George Fox. Bennett tells us, 'As
for immediate instructions from the mouth of
God, there is no promise that the saints shal
enjoy them.' Edward Ash says, 'Nothing
is anywhere said in the New Testament which
implies the continuance of immediate revela-
tion to Christ's followers,' and so on. Now,
if the Scriptures are to be believed, such doc-
trine is false; and yet this testimony is in
adulation of the very man whose last work
was to publish and circulate such doctrine!
To let such a testimony go forth is to deny
the testimony of the fathers in our Society,
long since called to their everlasting rest; for
if what E. Ash says is correct, their doctrine
is false."
"Dr. Ash was not in unity with Friends, and
was instrumental in drawing many frotti
Friends. It was not possible to be a Friend
and out of unity with the body. ' Barclay's
Apology' came freshly to him every time he
took it up."
One "referred to the term 'accurate know-
ledge of Holy Writ,' which the document men-
tioned as belonging to Dr. Ash as implying
that his views were correct, or in harmony
with those of Friends. It was afterwards
explained that the possession of accurate
knowledge was not the same as accurate
vievvs. He would have us to be consistent,
and reminded us that wo had not always
printed the Testimonies."
"And as to our friend having been a good
(..'hristian, that would apply to the Arch-
bishop of York. Our testimon}- against war,
which Dr. Ash controverted, was a very im-
portant one."
" We authorize the publication of a docu-
ment, and by so much we become responsible
for it. Friends spoke of liberty of conscience !
It is for that we desire to suffer, but it is a lib-
erty in accordance with the ancient principles
of this body. We were sitting within these
walls to uphold the profession of truth which
has been made by this body — not a profes-
sion which has been made hy any other body.
It was to support these views that we met —
not to circulate testimonies concerning a man
as a Christian minister, but as a minister
holding the principles of our Society."
" Our late friend's mind was one of the finest
texture, which could not accept at once what
it had been taught, but was impelled to con-
stant investigation. No man had lived more
marked by humanity, charity, and conscien-
tiousness of character. It was impossible to
take any Friend from the Society whose loss
would be more felt. There were many here
now he might not quite unite with, and there
were things which he had held, opinions which
he had declared, and paragraphs ho ha<l
written with which he could not agree. We
must not expect that we all could agree. It
was not intended. Our minds wouTd not be
80 diverse as they are if it were. He could
not help saying to such Friends as had ob
jected that when they got to heaven — for h(
hoped they would — they would find m:ui\
persons there they never expected to mcit
The testimony he thought admirable in everj
respect."
"Dr. Ash had been a faithful minister, souih
in doctrine, and his clear bold writings had
been a very great help to himself."
"Some Friends had impugned Dr. Asir>
character because he did not agree with all
that was in 'Barclay's Apology.' He (B. I".;
hoped he was not bound to believe all that
was in ' Barclay's Apology' to be a member
of this Yearly Meeting; were it so, he would
at once send in his resignation. He did not
believe in some things written by Barclay,
nor yet in other writings of the early Friends.
What we had now to contend for was freedom
of conscience. He would give Friends liberty
to express their opinions in public. We had
not to consider whether Dr. Ash's opinion;^
were good, but was this Friend a true, good
man — a faithful child of God. He was all
through his life one of the most remarkalde
specimens of a real Christian the world had
ever known. He would ask Friends to con-
fine themselves to the question, 'Is this tes-
timony true ?' "
" George Fox never intended that he should
be a pope, or that Barclay should be a pope.
His object was, 'to lead men to Christ, and
leave them there.' Such must be our lan-
guage btill. We must not be tied to the
writings of the early Friends. Scripture was
our outward guide, the Holy Spirit our in-
ward guide."
"And since then [Dr. Ash resigning on ac-
count of the republication of Barclay's A|)ol-
ogy] the Yearly meeting had come round to
the exact conclusion which Dr. Ash at that
time maintained. The Meeting for Sufferings
was not publishing any books but those issued
by the Yearly Meeting. He hoped the tes-
timony would go down with the others."
" The Clerk stated that the preponderance
of the judgment of Friends seemed to be in
favor of dealing with this testimonj^ in the
usual way."
It appears to have been supposed that by
many of the members saying they did notj
hold the views of Dr. Ash, the meeting, by
its action in this peculiar case, might escape
the imputation of officially endorsing all that
Dr. Ash had written ; but it certainly estab-
lished the principle, that opposition to and
controverting the doctrines and testimonies
originall}' promulgated by Friends as funda-
mentals and heretofore accepted as the faith
of Friends, do not disqualify a writer from
being recognized as a worthy and consistent
member, entitled to a memorial published by
the Yearly Meeting, provided he was thought
to be a good man.
• The Clerk the next day, referring to tho
passing of this and other memorials, uttered,
among other things, the following extraordin-
ary sentiments.
"So far from regarding this diversity as
something to be surprised at, or to stumble
us, we should see in these very varied expe-
riences the fullest assui-ance of the truth
of the Gospel of Jesus Christ, applicable to
very varj'ing minds, and capable of bearing
fruit in a great variety of ways. He had
thought much yesterday of the wonderful de-
scription in the book of Kevelation of the
full chorus which gladdens the skies — the,
THE FRIEND.
367
foice not of one man, but of a great multi-
tude— of great waters and mighty tbundor-
ings, all uniting in one volume of praise in
isiuging, 'Alleluia! the Lord God Omnipotent
ireigneth.' Surel}' this must be uttered by
inany voices. There were probably no two
voices exactl}" alike, even in heaven, but all
were attuned so that one chorus resulted;
and on earth, as it were, there was but an
imperfect rehearsal of this; so that there must
be some voices out of tune, and some which
did not keep time very well — some too fast,
and some too slow. If God bears with these
imperfections, his servants surely ought to do
80 also. While we remain here, our ears will
'hardly be so perfectly tuued with this hea-
venly music as to be able to say what is real
discord and what is ' harmony not under-
stood.' Hence we need charity."
This certainly is charity that will not only
cover any multitude of sins against the faith
of Friends, but prevent the church from de-
ciding as to whether anything is '-real dis-
cord" or merelj' " harmony not understood."
, . A proposition from Bristol and Somerset
Quarterly Meeting that no written anstvers
should hereafter be given to the 2d, 3d, 4th,
Gth and 8th Queries, and a proposition from
Durham of the same import in relation to all
the (Queries elicited much debate, and the
■whole subject of the Queries was referred to
a conference to be composed of committees
appointed by all the Quarterly Meetings.
When that portion of the report of the Con-
ference which sat in the 11th month last, that
refers to the reading of the Scriptures in meet-
ings for worship, was under consideration,
J. B. Braithwaite said: ''He could not take
a single particle of the responsibility of intro-
ducing this question into our religious Society.
He looked upon the basis of public worship as
that which is ourcommon standpoint — to pre-
sent ourselves before the Lord in the name of
our one Mediator. He would appeal to Friends
to consider well before giving way from this
!platform. Every member in England, Ireland,
[in that vast continent beyond the Atlantic,
and in those rising Colonies, which will in
future days represent the Anglo Saxon race,
every member has a vested interest in the
usages of two centuries, and has a right to be-
lieve that when he goes to a Friends' Meeting
he can present himself before the Lord with-
out the harmony of true worship being dis-
turbed. Were we to think ourselves bold
enough to enter into any scheme of alteration
of our Christian practice?"
J. Bright, who appears to have taken un-
usual interest in the proceedings of the Yearly
Meeting this year, and to have exerted much
influence, remarked: "It would be almost
childishness simply to endorse the report of
the Conference, for it did not meet the views
of any considerable portion of Friends. It
would make the law more strict than ever on
our morning meetings, while at the same time
overturning the sj'stem of our afternoon meet-
ings. At any rate, it gives to persons desirous
of change in any meeting great influence, de-
rived from the supposed opinion of the Yearly
Meeting. Thus in many places it would in-
troduce discord, which would be fatal, and
which this Yearly Meeting would soon deeply
regret. One thing was clear, that some
Friends were dissatisfied with the present
mode of conducting worship in our meetings ;
and that they were groping, if not in the dark,
at any rate in the twilight, hoping to find
something better. If it was to be found at
all, it would be found in process of time — in
process of discussion — in our meetings and at
our houses. But it was better, he thought, to
let the question rest until that something had
been found. The better course for the Yearly
Meeting was to accept this portion of the Jve-
port of the Conference, and thus let it rest —
not to sanction or endorse it in any way. The
Conference had expressed our first thoughts
on the subject: the Yearlj' Meeting is to re-
present our second thoughts. Almost every
person present would agree that we were not
in a condition to decide this question. There
was a feeling in the Society that some change
must take place. The whole question must
be sifted, and sifted again, for a year — it might
be some years — before it was decided. If j'ou
make any move in the direction which is pro-
posed, you necessaril}^ make a first step in a
direction ending a very long way indeed from
the point at which you start. He did not ad-
vise the Yearly Meeting by any means to take
that step. He would therefore recommend
the course proposed by T. Harvey — that we
should accept but give no sanction to this por-
tion of the Report ; allowing whatever liberty
now exists still to exist ; allowing the good
men and the good women in our meetings to
take what steps may seem to them good in
their own meetings. And then the time would
some day come when some better decision
could be arrived at."
J. Hodgkin said, " the prohibition of the
reading of the Scriptures in Meetings for
Worship would be a great infringement of
libertj'. Some had said that if they were thus
opened, it would be inconsistent with the pre-
sidency of our Lord and Saviour. Did we
disapprove of the example He had set us?
There was nothing in His sayings, or in the
writings of the apostles, which implied we
were to be in a better spiritual state than they
exhibited. He went with most of those who
agreed with T. Harvey. A difference was
implied between morning and evening meet-
ings which he could not see ritrht. The result
must berather of compromise than of spiritual
judgment, and he hoped a minute would be
made allowing liberty."
"A minute was read, saying the subject of
the first part of the report fi-om the Confer-
ence had been seriously considered, and had
elicited large expressiou. While appreciating
the Christian concern of the Conlerence, we
did not see our way to adopt it. In some
places. Friends had adopted the reading of a
portion of Scripture in some of their Meet-
ings for AYorship. With regard to this prac-
tice, we had come to no united judgment, but
there had been a prevalent desire not to in-
terfere with any liberty in this respect rightly
enjoyed amongst us. Neveriheless, we felt
an earnest concern that Friends everywhere
should be watchful that any liberty thus ex-
ercised be exercised in connection with a faith-
ful upholding of our testimonj- to the nature
of pure spiritual worship under the gospel of
Christ."
After the reading of the minute a Friend
])roposed striking out all of it after the first
two sentences. " It was," he said, " serious
to recognize such a liberty in subordinate
meetings. The only course for the Y^early
Meeting was to ignore these innovations on
the established mode of conducting our meet-
ings for worship — these irregular proceedings
under separate organizations."
J. Bright opposed alteration of the minute,
and observed: " A ver}^ strict law either way
would not be desirable. We must acknow-
ledge what existed, aud not condemn it as a
viulation of libert}'. It went on to offer a
warning to meetings in any changes they
were making, to be very cautious that they
were light. What was done in the countrj',
depended on the country, not on the Yearly
Meeting. Whelher what wasdono were right
oi- wrong depended on the wise judgment of
Friends in individual meetings, and touched
the matter just where it ought to be touched,
and left it just where itouglit to be left. The
Y'early Meeting in passing the minute, there-
fore, could rely on the judgment of all that
nothinir extravagant and wide of the mark
would be done. There were some meetings
where it had been discussed; some objected
to any change, and had great weight in their
districts. Unless there was much unanimity
in a meeting as to the ])ractice, nothing would
bo done. When that took place, the Y'early
Meeting would be in a ver}' different jiosilion
if it endeavored to withstand it."
J. B. Braithwaite remarked "that were
this an E]iistle to a meeting, it would have
been carefully considered by a committee, 3'ot
have no influence on our testimony or practice
except as a message from one church to an-
other. Here, where there was no Second
Chamber, where there was no 1st, 2d, or 3d
reading, we seemed on occasions of this kind
to be so undeliberate in the final utterance
of what might affect, in such a Society as this,
our children's children for many generations.
Were we quite prepared for this? We must
weigh well what might become the action of
this meeting. If wc were to consider this a»
the final judgment of this meeting, he trusted
the observations made by our friend John
Bright would have due weight. That part
was carefullj' looked at in the Report of the
Conference. Our arrangements as to church
government were not congregationalist, but
every meeting had a due relation and subor-
dination to other meetings. This might be
right or wrong; but if it were wrong, let it
be deliberately considered and looked at in
all its bearings before it were set aside. We
knew where jiarticular meetings, without con-
sultation, had taken their own course in this
matter; and after they had taken such a
course it would require great wisdom, tender-
ness, and watchfulness to know what would
be the right course for such meetings. Friends
would, he hoped, act in forbearing love, and
particular meetings should not think them-
selves justified by this minute in acting with-
out the pretty unanimous concurrence of the'
meeting with which they were associated."
As this is the most important step yet taken
bj' a Y'early Meeting, in abandoning the prin-
ciples and practices of Friends, we have given
more space in our columns to the notice of
it, than we should otherwise have done ; for
as one Friend truly observed in reference to
the compromise, " Let us pause before adopt-
ing it. Jf wc did [adopt it] farewell to Qua-
kerism, farewell to consistency, and — as bad
been saiil — we should prepare for dissolution
in order to avert destruction."
The substance of the minute, as given in
The British Friend, is a singular specimen of
a record of inconsistent conclusions. The
Yearly Meeting shrinks from the responsi-
bility of sacrificing a fundamental principle in
the system of Christianity as held by Friends,
368
THE FRIEND.
by accepting the report, but clothes its com-
ponent— and heretofore considered inferior
meetings — with authority to do so, if a ma-
jority of their members so will, and at the
same time cautions them against violating the
testimony to spiritual worship.
Truly this is placing the Yearly Meeting
and its authority on a low level. What J.
Bright's proposed plan for elaborating a fur-
ther change in Friends' mode of worshipping
will produce, time will divulge.
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
FoKETGN. — During the past fifteen years the armies
of Russia, Germany, France, Austria and Italy, have
grown from 4,2'29,9o0 to 6,110,690, an increase of 1,880,-
740 soldiers. The cost of the armies of Europe last
year, when tliey were generally upon a peace footing,
was more than one-fifth of the gross revenues of all the
governments from every source.
The successful laying of the submarine cable bring-
ing Brazil into telegraphic communication with Europe
and the United States, has been the occasion of much
rejoicing in the first named country. Messages of con-
gratulation have passed between the Emperor and Pre-
sident Grant, and the governments of the principal
countries of Europe.
According to the official agricultural statistics, it
would seem that of the whole surface of England and
Wales less than four per cent, or only 1,453,000 acres
out of a total of .37,319,000 acres, is occupied by woods,
coppices and plantations. The southeastern counties —
Sussex, Hampshire, Kent and Surrey — are by far the
most densely wooded.
Intelligence has been received in London of the loss
of the emigrant ship British Admiral, 1743 tons, be-
longing to the British Shipowners' Company, and bound
for Melbourne. .Seventy-eight lives are said to have
been lost, and only nine persons were saved.
The bill for the regulation of public worship has
passed the British House of Lords. The measure was
vehemently opposed by the Mar(|uis of Salisbury and
other Tory members who declared it useless and danger-
ous, aflTecting questions of doctrine unfavorably, attack-
ing ritualists unfairly, and putting the union of Church
and State in jeopardy.
It is now stated that the meeting of the Brussels Con-
gress on International Law will take place. Great
Britain has apparently waived her objection.
A deputation of lOti locked-out farm laborers started
from New Market on the 29tb nit., on a journey through
the agricultural districts, in the course of which they
will stop at the principal towns and plead the cause of
the laborers.
Liverpool, 6th mo. 29th. — Uplands cotton, 8J a ?,\d.
Orleans, 8 5-16d.
The French National Assembly ha.s passed a bill
granting 26,000,000 francs indemnity to suiferers by the
late war.
Courbet, the artist, has been condemned to pay the
cost of the reconstruction of the Vendome column.
Domiciliary visits have been made by the police to
the offices of the Imperialist journals and to the resi-
dences of prominent Bonapartists, and important docu-
ments have been seized.
The Budget Committee have rejected the bill sub-
mitted by M. Magne, Minister of Finance, providing
^for an increase of direct taxation, and have declared in
'favor of reducing payments to the Bank of France.
The Journal Officid publishes a table of the receipts
of French railways during the first ipiarter of the pre-
sent year. They amount to 174,871, 188f, or S,lS4,646f
less than in 1873.
General Omandean will represent France in the
Brussels Congress.
The Bonapartists are making vigorous efi'orts to in-
fluence public opinion and turn it to their own account.
They are organizing committees in every department,
establishing a newspaper organ, and distributing public
documents and petitions urging the restoration of the
empire. The government is doing something to check
the bold proceedings of the Bonapartists. Several
members of their committees in the Departments have
been arrested. A government order has been issued
prohibiting the distribution in France of photographs
of the Prince Imperial.
In the Bavarian Chamber of Representatives the
Ultramontain party attempted to carry an expression
of censure against the Minister of Public Worship, by
moving the rejection of his estimates, alleging that he
was the author of the conflict between Church and
State in Bavaria. The motion was defeated by a small
majority.
The Russian Emperoras a punishment to his nephew,
the Grand Duke Nicholas, son of his brother Constan-
tine, for the theft of his mother's diamonds, has ban-
ished him to the Caucasus for life, and deprived him
of the cross of St. George, which was conferred upon
him for his achievements in the Khiva campaign.
A Calcutta dispatch says: It is believed that the dis-
tress from famine has been stayed everywhere, and the
hopes of the people are reviving.
Pullman palace cars are to be placed immediately
on all trains and lines of railroad in upper Italy.
The relations between Turkey and Persia "are not
friendly. It appears the Persian government has re-
fused to compel the return to Turkish territory of a
tribe numbering 2000 families, which has been subject
to the Porte, but escaped across the Persian frontier,
and that a number of 'Turks have been maltreated by a
band of Persian pilgrims. The Turkish government
threatens to force Persia to give up the |)ersons who
have abused its subjects, and to surrender the revolting
tribe. Unless an accommodation is speedily effected
the relations of the two countries will become' critical.
The reports of military operations in Spain vary ac-
cording to the source from which they come. A Madrid
dispatch of the 27th ult. states that 10,000 Carlists,
under command of Prince Alphonso, had been defeated
at Chalva, north-west of Valencia, by a smaller force of
Republicans, and that General Concha had executed a
successful flank movement on the Carlists resulting in
the capture of several important positions. Advices
from the Carlist head-quarters at Estella, on the con-
trary, say there had been some fighting but without im-
portant results.
On the 29th ult. intelligence of serious disasters to
the Republican army reached Madrid. It appears that
General Concha after forcing the Carlists from their
first line of defences at Estella, attempted to carry by
assault the heights immediately commanding that place.
The attack failed and the assailants were repulsed with
heavy loss. General Concha and other officers of high
rank were killed. According to the Carlist reports the
total loss of the Republicans in killed, wounded and
missing was 4000, but the government dispatches esti-
mate it at less than half that number.
A Paris dispatch says: The death of General Concha
is considered here an event of great political import-
ance. It is believed that Concha intended to proclaim
Isabella's son, Prince Alphonso, king as soon as the
campaign was brought to a successful issue. The
Madrid government deeply mistrusted him.
Very destructive fires have occurred in the govern-
ment of Volhigma, Russia. A fire one day destroyed
600 houses in a town inhabited chiefly by Jews. "The
next day nearly as many more dwellings were burned,
and the following days the ravages were continued,
making thousands of persons homeless.
United States. — The interments in New York last
week numbered 492, and in Philadelphia 240. Both
cities have so far continued remarkably healthy not-
withstanding the recent high temperature.
Postmaster General Creswell, after more than five
years of faithful and efficient service, tendered his resig-
nation to the President. It was accepted, and Eugene
Hale, of Maine, was nominated to fill the position.
The Post-Office Department has been officially in-
formed of the ratification of the postal convention be-
tween France and the United States, by the French
.\ssembly. The charge for letters from France to the
United States, will be ten cents for the third of an
ounce, and from the United States to France nine cents
par half ounce. Unpaid letters to pay the above rates
with live cents additional.
A sad calamiiy occurred in Syracuse, N. York, the
evening of the 23J. A strawberry festival was being
held in a Baptist meeting-house in that city, when
without any warning the floor gave way, precipitating
those gathered into the room below which was also
tilled with people. Fourteen persons were killed in-
stantly, and many more received injuries, some of which
may probably prove fatal. More than one hundred
persons altogether were injured. The building was of
recent erection, and as the event shows was badly built.
Among the measures which failed to pass at the late
session of Congress, for want of time to discuss and dis-
pose of them in the regular course of proceedings, were
the Supplementary Civil Rights bill, those for the ad-
mission of New Mexico and Colorado as States, for the
reorganization of the army, for the construction and
repairs of Mississippi levees and many others.
The appropriation bills were considerably reduced
from last year. Thus the naval appropriation bill last
year was $22,150,000, and this year only $16,750,000;
the army last year 831,750,000, this year 827,750,000 .
legislative last year 823,750.000, this'year 820,500,00(; j
The amount of retrenchment on all the bills aggregate' '
$27,763,787.
The finances of the government appear to b^ in
more favorable condition than they were at the com i
mencement of the year, so that it is considered probabl |
the current expenditures will be more than met by tli
receipts. The customs duties have not as yet come u ,'
to the estimates, but the internal revenues have ex
ceeded them.
The Markets, &c. — The following were the quotation
on the 29th ult. New York. — American gold, 111] '
U.S. sixes, 1881, registered, 117}; do. couppns, 122; do
1868, registered, 117 ; coupons, 120J ; do. 5 per cents
113| a 114]. Superfine flour, $5 a $5.60 ; State extra
*5.80 a $6.40; finer brands, $6.-50 a $10.25. No. :
Chicago spring wheat, $1,44; No. 2 do., $1.37i; rei
western, $1.44; white Michigan, $1.60. Oats, 61! :
66-T cts. Western mixed corn, 80 cts. ; southern white
$1.02. Carolina rice, 7| a 8} cts. PhUadelphia.—V [t
lands and New Orleans middlings cotton, 18 a 18J (is
Superfine flour, $4 a $4.50 ; extras, $5 a $6 ; finer brind^
^6.50 a $9.50. Western red wheat, $1.40 a $1.4.'.
Pennsylvania, $1.50 a $1.-53; amber, $1.58 a $1.60
No. 1 spring, $1.35. Rye, 95 cts. Yellow corn, 82 ;
83 cts. Oats, 62 a 65 cts. Clover-seed, 8i a lO.V cts
Chicago.— No. 1 spring wheat, 81.21 ; No. 2 do., $1.18
No. 3 do., $1.10. No. 2 mixed corn, 60J cts. No. i
oats, 45 cts. Lard, 11 cts. Cincinnati.— Cora, 63 a 61
cts. Oats, 48 a 55 cts. Lard, 11^ a 11| cts.
FRIENDS' DISCIPLINE.
The Committee having charge of Friends' Librarj
are desirous of procuring copies of the different editionf
of the Discipline of Baltimore Yearly Meeting. Also
that of the late Yearly Meeting of Virginia. Any per-
son who may be able to supply any of the above, will
please communicate with Edward Maris, M. D.,
127 South Fifth St.
WANTED,
A woman Friend, competent for Principal of the
Aimwell School. Apply to
Sarah E. Smith, No. 1110 Pine St.
Rebecca W. Fry, 908 North Fifth St.
Rachel S. Maris, 127 South Fifth St. ,
Mary D. Allen, 833 North Seventh St.
RASPBERRY STREET SCHOOL FOR COLORED
GIRLS.
Wanted, an energetic competent Teacher for the
above School, to commence 9th month 1st. Apply to
Eliza B. Edwards, 516 Spruce street,
Rachel S. Maris, 127 South Fifth street,
Sarah E. Smith, 1110 Pine street.
WANTED.
An unmarried Friend to take the position of Governoi
at Westtown Boarding School, on or before the close oi
the present se.ssion, in the 10th month next.
Apply to
Clarkson Sheppard, Greenwich, New Jersey,
Joseph Walton, Morestown, "
Charles Evans, 702 Race street, Philadelphia.
WANTED
A young man of energy and perseverance, to take
charge and oversight of the farm belonging to the
Wyandott Mission, situated near Teneca, in the State
of Missouri; also a woman well qualified to fill the
place of Matron in the Boarding School. Friends
would be preferred. For further information apply to
John S. Stokes, Office of " The Friend," Fourth above
Arch street.
HAVERFORD COLLEGE.
The next Term will commence on Fourth-day, 9th
rao. 2nd, 1874. Applications for admissions should be
addressed to Samuel J. Gummere, President,
Haverford College, Montgomery Co., Pa.
Married, on the 24th of Sixth mo. 1874, at Friends^
Meeting-house, Twelfth Street, Philadelphia, THOMAS
Kimber to Mary E. Shearman, both of this city.
Died, Third month 28th, 1874, Mary W. Reeve,
wife of William F. Reeve, in the 71st year of her age,
a member of Salem Monthly Meeting of Friends, N. J.
WILLIAM H. PILE, PRINTER. J
No. 422 Walnut Street. 1
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. XLVII.
SEVENTH-DAY, SEVENTH MONTH 11, 1874.
NO. 47.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
?rice Two Dollars per annum, if paid in advance. Two
dollars and Bfty cents, if not paid in advance.
Sabscriptions and Payments receired by
JOHN S. STOKES,
AT NO. 116 NORTB FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS,
FHILADBLFEIA.
Postage, when paid quarterly in advance, five cents.
I Star Streams.
(Continued from page 302,)
' Including both hemispheres, there are visi-
ble to the naked eye, under the most favor-
able circumstances, about 5,000, or at the most
6,000, fixed stars. If these and the fixed stars
visible in the most powerful telescopes were
to disappear, and the eye to acquire the light-
gathering powerof Herschel's 20-feetreflector,
there would be seen scattered over the vault
of heaven — instead of the fixed stars now visi-
ble—about as many nebula; — " feebly shining,
cloud-like patches, often of strange and fan-
tastic forms."
The faint illumination of nebulre, the close
crowding of stars in many that are resolvable,
and other circumstances, have appeared to
confirm the view that these objects shine from
distances far beyond those of the farthest
fixed stars. It has been considered that ne
bula; are (for the most part, at least) aggrega-
tions of suns (" island-universes," as a German
philosopher has expressively termed themj,
forming galaxies similar to our own " Milky
Waj'." and reduced, notwithstanding the im-
mensity of their dimensions, by a yet greater
immensity of distance, to the appearance of
faint specks of light, which the slightest haze
in our skies is suflScient to conceal from- us.
'I'lie important discoveries efl'ected by Dr.
lluggins, which have shown that many nebulw
are gaseous in composition — nineteen out of
sixty observed presenting the spectrum of
bright lines separated by dark spaces which
indicates the gaseity of the source of light —
liiLve modified these views. Without giving
absolute support to the speculations of Sir
W. Herschel, respecting the condition and
changes of condition of nebulie. Muggins's
discoveries show that the views on which
Herschel founded his speculations were well
grounded. The distinctions Herschel drew
between the different classes of nebula; have
been confirmed, so far as spectrum analysis
has yet proceeded. Every planetary nebula
yet observed, for instance, has been proved to
be gaseous. The process of generalization,
which had been commenced by many eminent
astronomers, and in which scarcely any dis-
tinctions but those depending on the resolva-
bility of nebulae were recognized, has been
abruptly checked. It is to be noticed, how-
ever, that many German astronomers, and
some, at least, of our most distinguished Eng-
lish observers (amongst others, the late Ad-
miral Smyth) had looked with more than
doubt on the view that, with sufficient optical
power, all nebula; are resolvable into stars.
The first point I shall dwell upon is the
distribution of nebula; over the heavens. In
the northern heavens there will be observed
a very decided clustering in the region be-
tween llh. and 14h. of R.A. This is the nebu-
lar region in Virgo, extending over Coma
Berenices, and the tail of Leo, curving (to the
right) over Canes Vonatici, thence ( to the left)
over the tail and hind quarters of Ursa Major,
to within about 12° of the pole near the tail
of Draco. The borders of this stream or cluster
of nebulae extend dispersedly over the two
Leones, Cancer, Gemini, Lj-nx, and Ursa
Major on one side, and over Bootes and Corona
on the other. As there seems to be a decided
break in the stream — or rather, perhaps, as
the stream decidedly comes to an end near
the pole — we must return to the point from
which we commenced, and thence follow the
streams in the contrary direction. The con-
tinuation of the stream presenti}' divides into
two, the right-hand stream passing over the
left hand of Virgo, the tail of Hydra, and
nearly the whole extent of Centaurus, to Crux
and Musca; the left-hand stream passing over
Crater, to Antlia, and the mast and sails of
Argo. The gap which bounds the northern
group seems continued, but not in quite so
marked a manner, by the space comparatively
clear of nebuhe which runs round the right-
hand stream (of the two just described) across
the pole, iielurning to the northern heavens
wo notice a less distinctly marked grouping
over part of Perseus and Andromeda, passing
(to the right) over the square in Pegasus to
the southernmost of Pisces, and (to the left)
over the band in Pisces, across Cetus, Eri-
danus, and Dorado, in a distinctly-marked
stream leading to the Nubecula Major. The
right-hand sti'eam, which we had followed as
far as Pisces, seems to have a continuation
towards the Nubecula Minor, and also to
throw out a convolution over the tail of Piscis
Australis, over Indus et Pavo, towards Apus
and Musca.
There remains to be noticed a clustering of
nebula- towards the portion of the Milky Way
occupied by Scorpio. Sir John Herschel con-
siders that many of these nebula) belong to the
Milky Waj', as they are wanting in the gap
between the two branches of the galaxy in
this neighborhood.
The first inquiry which suggests itself, on
a review of the distribution of nebula;, is the
question, whether there is any indication of
a connection between nebuhe and fixed stars?
The theory that nebula; are galaxies similar
to our own Milky Way woulii, of course, re-
[ quire that we should dissociate nebulte from
■any connection with our galaxy, save a rela-
[tioD corresponding to that which holds be-
tween the fixed stars and the sun. Ami further,
although it would not be impossible that a
tendency to systematic arravigemeut should
be apparent among the nebuhe, yet the dis-
tances separating nebula from nebula would
(on this theory) be so vast, compared with
the distances separating st.ir from tar, or
even with the dimensions of our galaxy, that
it would clearly bo very improbable that such
arrangement should be discernable by terres-
trial astronomers. As, however, the theory
is very generally held, I shall present, as I
proceed, some considerations which seem op-
posed to it. We seem, rather, to have evi-
dence that most of the nebuhe — if not all of
them — are much nearer to us than has been
commonly maintained.
When we consider those regions of the
heavens in which nebulas are markedly de-
ficient, we find an arrangement which cannot
be wholly accidental. I refer to the zone,
very marked in the northern hemisphere, and
not indistinctly traceable in the southern,
which has been already described. Tbis zone
is not quite coincident, in direction, with the
Milky Way, but follows almost exactly a cir-
cular band, which includes more lucid stars
than anj' corresponding band on the heavens.
Now, it appears to me that those who have
speculated on the subject of nebulie have been
too apt to content themselves by looking for
zones and streams of aggregation, not noticing
apparently that zones along which nebula; are
sparingly distributed, may be as marked in-
dications of sj-stematic distribution as zones
of aggregation. I consider that the zone
mentioned in the preceding paragraph is a
phenomenon scarcelj' less distinct in character
than the zone of the Milky Way itself; and J
look on the connection between the former
zone and the zone of bi'illiant stars as a very
noteworth}' circumstance.
It has been already noted by astronomers
that all nebuhe of irregular form and great
extent are found along a zone nearly coincid-
ing in direction with the Milky Way, The
great circle along which such nebuhe are ac-
tually found is, in fact, no other than that
along which nebuhe in general are conspicu-
ously wanting. It is also worth noticing that
where this zone, and the zone of the Milky
Way intersect, we find the singular nebula
round i Argus in one hemisphere, and in
the other the remarkable nebular region in
Cygnus.
The discovery that the great irregular
nebula in Orion is gaseous, renders it jirobablo
that the other irregular nebula; are so like-
wise. Whether thej- are so or not, it is clear
that they are totally different in character
from regular nebuhe. Therefore, we may
look on their aggregation on the great circle
along which few nebuhe are found as a cir-
cumstance (1) not opposed to the evidence of
systematic distribution founded on that pecu-
liarity ; (2) as itself indicative of a law asso-
ciating nebula; with the stellar system.
370
THE FRIEND.
One peculiarity of the irregular nebula; do
serves to be especially dwelt upon All of
them exhibita t.-ndency to arrange themselves
around fixed stars.
As respects the great nebula in Orion, while
the proportion of stars whose connection with
the nebula has not been traced is somewhat
greater, }'et nearly every marked condensa-
tion in the nebula is associated with conspicu-
ous stars (that is, with stars conspicuous
among those visible in the same field of view
with the nebula). Every telescopist also is
familiar with the fact, that the central con-
densation of the nebula clusters round the
trapezium of stars, within which there is
either no nebulous light or very little. The
association is not likely to be an accidental
one. Herschel himself remarks that the star
£ Orionis is involved in strong nebulosity',
"probably connected with the great nebulji,"
while he was able to trace a faint extension
of the nebula as far as the double star ' Orionis,
which it involves, so that the star is rendered
nebulous.
Turn we now to the region of irregular
nobulffi of Sagittarius. The first nebula men-
tioned bj' Sir J. Herschel is described by him
as " singularly trifid, consisting of three bright
andirregul^rly formed nebulous masses, gradu
ating away insensibly externally, but coming
up to a great intensity of light at their in-
terior edges, where they enclose and surround
a sort of three-forked rift, or vacant area, ab-
ruptly and uncouthly crooked, and quite void
of nebulous light. A beautiful triple star is
situated precisely on the edge of one of these
nebulous masses, just where the interior va-
cancy forks out into two channels. A fourth
nebulous mass spreads like a fan or downy
plume /rt/?)i a star, at a little distance from the
triple nebula."
As respects the nebula of Cygnus, I may
simply quote Sir J. Herschel. He describes
the region as " consisting, first, of a long, nar-
row, curved, and foiked streak, and secondly,
of a cellular effusion of great extent, in which
the nebula occurs intermixed with, and adhering
to, stars around the borders of the cells, while
their interior is free from nebula, and almost so
from stars."
I have already drawn out this paper to a
much greater length than 1 had proposed, and
yet seem scarcely to have entered upon my
subject. Let me, instead of proceeding to
treat cursorily of the remaining branches ot
that subject, here pause and "report progress."
We have found a law of aggregation of nebula;
in regions removed from the Milky Waj', and
thus a law of contrast, which amounts in re-
ality to a law of connection between ncbuhis
and the starry S3\--tem. We have found that,
in the southern hemisphere, this law of con-
trast is farther exhibited in an aggregation of
ncbulre over regions in which stars are want-
ing, and vice versa ; lastly, we have seen that
over a zone of the heavens in which nebula;
are all but absoluttly wanting, there is a
marked aggregation of lucid stars, that on the
same zone all the irregular nobuhT are col-
lected, and that these irregular nebulae, all
occurring in regions very richly bestrewn
with fixed stars, exhibit in their configura-
tion a correspondence with the configuration
of the fixed stars in the same field, which can-
not be wholly accidental.
(To be coutiaaed.)
Use temporal things but desire eternal.
Selected for " The Friend.'
Report of the Committee for the Civilization and
Improvement of the Indians.
To the Yearly Meeting: — The Committee
for the civilization and improvement of the
Indian natives. Report : That for several
months during the early and middle part of
last year, the Institution at Tunessassa re-
mained under the care of Abner "Woolraan,
who took charge temporarily at the request
of the Committee, upon the withdrawal of
George W. Mott, and his wife, as mentioned
in our last report. The duties of Matron
were performed during the summer session
by Catharine Battin, who several years pre
viously had been acceptably engaged in the
Institution. Since the Tenth month last, the
stations of Superintendent and Matron have
been filled hj our friends Aaron P. Dewees
and his wife Eunice Dewees, of Ohio, who
under a sense of duty had offered them-
selves for this service. Mary Yail was re-
leased at her own request at the close of
the winter session. Her place has been sup-
plied by Miranda Dewees, whose husband,
Aaron Dewees, Jr., has also been engaged to
assist in the care and cultivation of the farm.
The Friends last named, have entered upon
their duties within the past few weeks.
The School has been continued under the
efficient charge of Louisa Smith, who has re-
mained at the Institution by the request of
the Committee during the past winter, but
who, it is expected, will return home in the
early part of next month ; a young woman
Friend, having been engaged in her place to
take charge of the school at the opening of
the summer session. It is cause of encourage-
ment that the several vacancies which have
occurred, have thus been filled with less de-
lay, than at some former periods, and that
the Friends engaged have bad their minds
drawn to the respective services, with desires
to bo helpful to the Indians.
The largest number of children in attend-
ance at the School at one time has been 29:
viz. 24 girls and 5 boys; the average number
of pupils during the past year has been 25,
viz : 26 for the summer, and 24 for the win-
ter session, which is 7 more than last year.
At the close of the winter session, nearly all
of the scholars were able to read, more than
half had made some progress in geography-
and arithmetic, and several had studied ele-
mentarj' philosophy and grammar. Nearlj-
all of the children were in the practice of com-
mitting portions of the Scriptures to memory.
In addition to the instruction thus imparted,
the girls acquire a knowledge of sewing and
general housework, which may materially
assist in rendering their homes comfortable,
and improving their social condition in future
years. We hope there is an increasing ap-
preciation on the part of parents of the ad-
vantage to the children of placing them at
the Institution.
Meetings for Divine worship are held on
First and Fifth-day mornings, as heretofore ;
in which the conduct of the children has been
generally satisfactory. The Holy Scriptures
are read in the family dailj', and Youthful
Piety, and other religious books, occasion-
ally, and we trust that profitable impressions
have been, at times, made upon the minds of
the children, in these opportunities.
Upon an examination of the Treasurer's
account, it appears there was due him, Third
month Ist, 1874, 8260.77, and that there are
securities in his hands, the par value of whicl
is $1.5,236.66, the same amount as last rt
ported.
The receipts during the year have been :
From interest on invested funds;
one-third of the income of John
Parrish's legacy, and contributions
of three Friends, $1,671 0:
Estimated profit of saw and grist
mill, 150 9 ,
Making a total of
The expenditures have been :
For Family Expenses, . §1,457 73
Salaries, and travelling ex-
penses of Friends under
appointment at the In-
stitution, 917 14
Incidental Expenses, . . 109 62
Books and Stationery, . 28 30
Repairs and Improvements 108 65
Loss on Farm Account, 33 62
1,822 8c
Making the total expenses
of the Institution, . .$2,655 06
There has been paid for a
stove for the school at
the Corn Planter Settle-
ment, &c 18 76
Making the total expendi-
tures, $2,673 82
And showing a deficiency in the
business of the year of ... . $850 99;
The Indians on the Allegheny Reservatior.
have the opportunity of sending their child;
ren to the daj' schools, supported by thcj
State of New York, of which there are seveci
located upon their land. These are each at->
tended by some of the children living in theit
respective neighborhoods; and two of them
have been taught by Indians.
The general condition of the Indians upon
this Reservation has not materially changedi
since the date of our last report. Although!
some land is cleared up annually, yet they
continue to be slow in availing themselves of
the advantages which steady industry would
afford. It is often the case that the attention
of manj- of the young men is diverted from
agricultural pursuits during the planting sea-
son, by the high wages to be obtained at that
time, by rafting lumber; and who thus lose
the opportunit}' for the cultivation of the soil
during an important period of the year, be-
sides being thrown into company often of a
demoralizing character. The less rapid im-
provement of the natives on this Reservation
as compared with their brethren at Cattarau-'
gus, may in part, we believe, be attributed toi
this cause. ,
The difficulties arising from the occupancyj
of their land by white settlers, under leases
made to them in good faith by Indians, but!
which have been decided by the Courts tO|
be illegal, remain in an unsettled condition,
and continue to produce feelings of insecu-'
rity and apprehension to many. After the
failure of the bill, containing several objec-
tionable features, proposed to settle these diffi-
culties as mentioned in out last report, a com-
munication was received by the Councillors
of the Seneca Nation, from a member of the
Ogden Land Company, proposing the appoint-
ment of a Committee of the Councillors to
confer with that company in reference to ex-
tinguishing this alleged claim to their lands.
Upon the reception of this communication.
THE FRIEND.
371
)ur advice was requested bj- the President of
.he Nation ; in replj' to which :in address was
Drepared, stating our reasons for not approv-
n^ of such a course, and our views in relation
lo'the yJan which we thought should be pur-
sued ; all of which were in accordance with
[the advice previously given them on those sub
>jects. This Address was presented by tvvo of
the Committee, who had several interviews
with Councillors and other influential Indians,
in which the questions now agitating them
were freely discussed. A great want of unan-
imity was found to exist among them.
The advantages to be derived to the Indians
individually, as well as in the settlement of
their difficulties as a nation, by a division of
their lands and holding them in severalty,
lander proper restrictions, have often been
brought to their consideration by the Coin-
itnittee ; and a considerable number on both
Reservations appear to be fully aware of them.
'Others, however, influenced by the prejudices
derived from their ancient customs and tradi-
tions, and the fear of losing their tribal organ-
ization, are still averse to this course ; the un-
willingness of whom retards their progress as
a people in this direction.
The importance of action on their part to
secure favorable legislation on several points
affecting their interests, during the present
session of Congress, induced the Committee
to make another effort last autumn, to en-
courage them to raemoralize that body for the
enactment of a law under carefulij- guarde
provisions to accomplish the ends in view ;
'and two members of the Committee met the
Indians in Council for that purpose in the
Tenth month last. Owing, however, in part
to the feelings to which we have alluded, only
two of the eleven Councillors present ap-
peared to be in favor of the course recom
mended; but, in announcing their decision not
to take the advice which had been given
them, they desired that Friends might not be
discouraged from endeavoring to assist them,
and requested the further efforts of the Com-
mittee for their welfare.
As had been expected, a bill has since been
introduced into Congress, prepared in the
special interest of the white settlers, to con-
firm the leases under which they now hold
title from the Indians. It also provides for
the division of their lands under the regu-
lation of the Secretar}' of the Interior, and
the extinguishment of the preemption claim
■ by the United States. This bill has been re-
ferred to the Committee on Indian Affairs of
the House of Representatives; and it is our
intention to watch its progress with a view
of remonstrating against its passage, should
it, when reported, appear to be detrimental to
the interest of the Indians.
A bill has also been introduced into the
Senate of the United States, for the settle-
ment of the claims of the New York Indians
to lands in Kansas, on the basis of a settle-
ment of similar claims with the Tonawandas,
in 1857. This bill is intended to carry out
I the design of a Treaty for the adjustment of
' these claims made in 1868, but not ratified.
As its terms are more favorable to the Indians
than those of the Treaty alluded to, it will
probably be satisfactory to them in this re-
spect, if carried into effect.
The descendants of Corn Planter continue
to be well satisfied with the late division
of their land. The improvement made by
' different individuals since the allotment, is
very manifest, amounting it is thought, to as
much as had been made for six or eight years
previously. The school located on their tract
has been regularly maintained, and more in-
terest appears to be taken by the parents in
promoting the instruction of their children.
Under the authority given by the Yearly
Meeting last year, 50 acres of the land at
Tunessassa has been sold.
Though the Indians are yet unwilling to
adopt a course which appears so likelj' to
contribute to their settlement and improve-
ment as a people, there is no doubt that the
assistance rendered them in various ways by
the Committee has been, and will, under the
Divine blessing, continue to be highly bene-
ficial ; and the'contidence which they continue
to feel in the integrity of our motives, affords
ground for encouragement, to continue to
labor for their prosperity both as individuals
and collectively, as far as may be in our power.
On behalf and by direction of the Com-
mittee. George J. Sc.vtteroood,
Clerk for the day.
Philadelphia, 4th me. Hth, 1S74.
For "The Fricnil."
Memoirs and Letters of Sarah Ilillman.
(Conclmied from page 30.3.)
" Philada., 6th mo. l&h, 18bf>. * * Lon
don Yearly Meeting read the epistle signed
by J. Binns. The issue of all these things is
seen by the great Almighty One, who seeth
the end trom the beginning; but methinks
our poor finite vision, even the most enlight-
ened, can only perceive as through a glass
darkly, a very small part indeed; and well
may we as between the porch and the altar,
cry unto the Lord for help in this time of
irreat tribulation. Surely this is the time of
Jacob's trouble ; if we be only made experi-
mental witnesses of the truth of the promise,
' he shall be saved out of it,' it will be a great
mercy, and call for humble thankfulness. -
It seems as though it was the will of the
great Controller of events, who holdeth the
wind in his fist, who measureth the waters in
the hollow of his hand, and meteth out the
heavens with a span, to show forth his sov-
ereign power while He thus unfoldeth unto
us our total unworthiness and incapacity to
do any thing. Ah! He can overturn the moun-
tains, and set bounds to the sea, which it can-
not pass; and although my faith is oft times
ready to fail, and my heart to sink within me,
there are seasons, my precious friend, when
my poor spirit can rejoice in the renewed
assurance that He who first raised up this
people for the honor of his own Name, ever-
lastingly glorious, and for the exaltation of
his Truth, is and will be with them, and will
yet raise up unto them princes and judges,
prophets and rulers, taught of Him, and quali-
fied to teach others the use of the bow, and
send forth from among them many fisht-rs and
fowlers and hunters, to hunt tlie precious prey
of the souls of men. So let us labor to hold
on ourselves, and to attract others unto Christ,
being clothed with such a measure of the
meekness and gentleness which is in Him, the
Blessed Head over all to his church, as it shall
please him t^o clothe us with.
My poor tabernacle is as well as it is pro-
bable it ever will be ; the cough is not as bad
as in the spring ; but oh ! I pray that as the
outward man decays, some degree of assur-
ance may, through unutterable mercy, from
time to time be granted that there is a house
not made with hands prepared for the im-
mortal soul; And that faith to believe in the
unfoldings of Divine wisdom, as to the mea-
sure of duty or of service called for at my hand
may be furnished, so that as a servant in wait-
ing, I maj' be found of my La-d, (if such a
poor worm might say mi/,) ami obedience be
yielded unto all his requisitions. For sure
'eye hath not seen nor ear h<'iird, what He
hath prepared for him that \v;iileth for him.'
We have now attained, my dear ^ — , to
more than three score years, and the time is
drawing nigh, when we must put off mortality.
Doubtless as dear liichard Jordan and others
of that generation* who beheld in the visions
of light\he storm that was approaching, and
xpresscd their willingness to continue on the
stage a little longer, if haiily they mightsee
the'church flourish again in brightness, so it is
the heartfelt petition of some in these days,
who are secretly saying, 'Spare thy people,
O Lord, and give not thy heritage to reproach;'
at the same time that they are almost ready
to desire with the prophet that their lives
might be accepted for a prey."
The "Memoirs and Letters of Sarah Hill-
man" having now been brought to a conclu-
sion, it remains but for the compiler to add
his little testimony to her inwardness, her
straightforwardness, her faithfulness, her live-
ly spiritual walk and warfare, as set forth in
the preceding compendium. Though of a re-
tiring, self-distrustful nature, yet when her
dear Master's call was heard, and the way
made plain before her, she was prompt and
executive ; and, in proportion to her feeble
bodily ability, untiring in the required duty
of her day. Going forth by day and by night,
when called upon, to visit the sick and afflict-
ed, or to help to soothe the dying jiillow of
such as she, through the grace that was given
unto her of God, could thus become a fellow-
helper unto through Him.
Though Sarah Hillman, as these Memoirs
fai
van _ , , .
her "prisons," her " deaths oft," with more-
over her "perils among false brethren;" yet
we doubt not her experience, through the
Redeemer's unfailing mercy, was like that of
the Psalmist : " In the day when I cried Thou
answeredst me, and strengthenedst me with
strength in my soul ;" and also like the pro-
mise of the Master to his Apostle : " My grace
is sufficient for thee : for my strength is made
perfect in weakness."
inougQ oaran xii miiitii, u.^ tutov i.j.^iii^^...j
•lil not to represent, had her baptisms and
varied trials; even, spiritually, her "stripes,"
* Rich.ird Jordan died in the Tenth montli of lS2t;.
A short time previous to which, "his mind was mneli
engaged in contemplating the present situation of the
Society of Friends; lamenting with much feeling, the
deviations from simplicity and plainness which were
conspicuous in n)anv of the memhers, the avidity with
which they pursued the pleasures and riches of the
world, and the apparent want of religions concern on
their own account, and for the welfare of the churcli.
Much labor, lie remarked, had been bestowed upon
them ; spiritual and temporal blessings had been dis-
pensed with a liberal hand, and yet disobedience and
ingr.atitude had been too generally returned for all these
favors; and he feared lest those who might be considered
as the children of the kingdom, if they persisted in this
course, would be cast out, and others raised up, as from
the stones of the streets, to support the doctrines and
testimonies given to Friends to bear. He however e.M-
pressed, that gloomy as the prospect of a succession of
upright standard bearers seemed, he had faith to be-
lieve, that those doctrines and testimonies never would
fall to the ground ; * * but that those who continued
to maintain the ancient faith and discipline of Friends,
would be preserved as a distinct body of Christian pro-
fessors."
THE FRIEND.
Thus in heights and in depths; "by evil
report and good report ;" "as sorrowi'ul yet
always rejoicing;" "as poor yet making many
rich," "as having nothing, and yet ])ossussing
all things;" and finally having like those for-
merly "come ont of great tribulation, and
■washed their robes, and made them white in
the blood of the Lamb," it is believed that
our dear friend was enabled to finish her
course with joy, anci at the close to adopt the
precious, comprehensive language, "Thanks
be to God who giveth us the victory through
our Lord Jesus Christ."
She died on the llth of the Ninth month,
1855, aged 61 years.
» •
Migration of Butterflies. — As we rode along,
great numbers of a brown tailed butterfly,
{Timetes chiron) were flying over to the south-
east. They occurred, as it were, in columns.
The air would be corai)aratively clear of them
for a few hundred yards, then we would pass
through a band perhaps flft^' yards in width,
where hundreds were always in sight, and all
travelling one way. I took thy direction
several times with a pocket compass, and it
■was always south-east. Amongst them were
a few yellow butterflies, but these were not so
numerous as in former years. In some seasons
these migratory swarmsof butterflies continue
passing over to the south-east for three to five
weeks, and must consist of millions upon rail-
lions of individuals, comprising many different
species and genera. The beautiful green tailed
and gilded day-flying moth {Urania leilus)
also joins in this annual movement. When
in Brazil, I o'^si-rved similar flights of butter-
flies at P- rnambueo and Maranham, all travel-
ling south-east. R. Spruce describes a migra-
tion which he witnessed on the Amazons, in
November, 1849, of the common white and
yellow butterflies. They were all passing to
the south-south-east. Darwin mentions that
several times when off the shores of Northern
Patagonia, and at other times when some
miles 03' the mouth of the Plata, the ship was
surrounded by butterflies; so numerous were
they on one occasion, that it was not possible
to see a space free from them, and the seamen
cried out out that it was "snowing butter-
flies." These butterflies must also come from
the westward. I know of no satisfactory ex-
planation of these immense migrations. They
occurred every year whilst I was in Chontales,
and always in the same direction. I thought
that some of the earlier flights in April might
be caused by the vegetation of the Pacific side
of the continent being still parched up, whilst
on the Atlantic slope the forests were green
and moist. But in June there had been abun-
dant rains on the Pacific side, and vegetation
was everywhere growing luxuriantly. Neither
would their direction 'from the north-west
bring them from the Pacific, but from the in-
terior of Honduras and Guatemala. The difli-
eulty is that there are no return swarms. If
they travelled in one direction at one season
of the year, and in an opposite at another, we
might suppose that the vegetation on which
the caterpillars feed was at one time more
abundant in the north-west, at another in the
south-east; but duritig the five years I was in
Central America, I was always on the look-
out for them, and never saw any return
swarms of butterflies, so that their migration
every year in one definite direction is quite
unintelligible to mo.— Belt's Naturalist in
Nicaragua.
Selected.
LEAFLESS TREES.
Leafless and stripped, yet are they whole
They mind me of a Christian soul,
Whose daily strife is almost o'er,
Waiting for entrance at the door.
Greenness and verdure nnderlies
What seems so poor to mortal eyes,
And what they are, or what have been
Is naught, if so the sap within
The roots, has grounded strong and firm,
'Gainst antnmn Mast, or winter storm.
How well defined their outlines lie
Against the back-ground of the sky !
And here again a type we see
Of what a Christian's course should be,
Distinct, and dear, that ail may trace
His shadow and abiding place.
Oh ! leafless trees — unto my heart
How sweet the lessons ye impart.
The fragrance of your early spring,
Your summer days of blossoming ;
The flushing of your Autumn dyes,
Ne'er brought you quite so near the skies
As now, when desolate you seem
Agninst the Heaven itself to lean,
Oh ! all our crowns we cast aside,
All ornaments of human .pride.
And passing underneath the rod,
Stand naked in the sight of God.
Not blasted, only stripped and bare,
That we may know how weak we are.
Oh ! leafless trees, your strength renew,
For all the sunshine covers you ;
Naught now your symmetry can mar,
Ye stand before us as ye are ;
Your branches lifted as in prayer.
As tho' ye felt your need of care ;
And from His treasury old and new
With garments God will dower you ;
For when the keenest storm winds blow,
Your branches shall be wrapt in snow.
And ye shall stand within his sight
Serenely clad in robes of white ;
While even the descending rain
Shall beat upon you not in vain.
For what more beautiful can be
Than wintry frost-work on the tree,
Wlien cold and rain their work have done?
All glorious beneath the sun
Transparent in the risen light
Ye shine, e'en in the Father's sight.
Melt snow into the hardened bole.
As melts God's word into the soul.
Yet e'en the quickening germs of life
May sometimes need the pruning-knife;
For by their fruits alone we see
The value of the grafted tree,
" As by their fruits" alone ye know
God's children in this world below.
May seeking souls the lesson take,
And give up all for Christ's dear sake ;
He asks the blossoms of your Spring,
First tithe of every offering;
Your Summer day in all its prime.
The glory of your Autumn time, —
For ye must stand beneath His eye,
Like leafless trees against the sky,
Disrobed of self, and shorn of pride.
Your sins laid on the Crucified.
Hannah Lloyd Need.
•-•
For "The Friend."
The Heart of Africa, by Dr, Scliweinfurth.
(Continued from page 359.)
After Dr. Schweinfurth's return from his
excursion to the south among the Niam-niam
and the Monbuttoo, he established himself for
a time in one of the Seribas belonging to
Ghattas. In describing this, he says: "The
colony consisted of about six hundred huts
and sheds, which were built almost entirely
)f straw and bamboo. In tho intervals be-
tween the huts were erected the large sun-
screens known as "rokooba," which were
made of the same materials; and, to separate
allotment from allotment, there were long
lines of fences, which were likewise composed
of straw, and these were arranged so close t(
each other that they scarcely admitted th(
narrowest of passages, perhaps but a few fee
across, to run between them. Everythini
that human ingenuity could contrive seenicc
to have been done to insure that, with tin
cessation of the rainy season there shouli.
commence a period of the extremest peril, and
for m3'self, I can avow that fear of fire became
my bugbear by day and my terror by night
In spite of my remonstrances I saw the crowd
ing together of the huts continually becomf
more and more dense, and the enclosure pack
ed full to tho utmost limits of its capacity. It
became a manifest impossibility in the case oi
the occurrence of fire, on however small ;i
scale, to prevent it spreading into such a con
flagration that the safety of the whole estab
lishment must be imperilled. Tho material
of the structures, dried in the tropical heat
would accelerate and insure the devastatior
that must necessarily ensue.
The catastrophe, which I had dreaded with
such ominous apprehension, befell us at mid-
day on the 1st of December.
This most disastrous day of my life had
opened in the accustomed carrying out of ite
routine. I bad been enaged all the morning
with my correspondence and in arranging the
notes of the various occurrences that had tran-
spired since the despatch of my previousi
budget. I had partaken of my frugal midday,
meal, and was just on the point of resuming!
my writing, when all at once I caught the
sound of the excited Bongo shrieking out,
'poddu, poddu' (fire, fire!) Long, how long
none can tell, will the memory of this burst of
alarm haunt my ear. It makes me shudder
even now. Eager to know the truth, and to
ascertain how far the ill-omened apparition of
misfortune had already spread, I rushed to
the doorway of my hut, and beheld that the
devouring element was doing its work at a
distance of only three huts from my own; the
flame was rising fiercely from the top of a
hut ; there was no room for hope ; just at that
time of day the north-east wind always blew
with its greatest violence, and it was only too
plain that the direction of the gale was bring-
ing the fire straight towards my residence.
The space of a few minutes was all that re-
mained for me to rescue what I could.
A\"ithout an instant's delay, my people
flocked to the scene of the alarm. Without
stopping to discuss what was most prudent
or to consider what was most valuable, they
laid hold upon anything that came to hand.
The negro-boys took particular care of all the
stuff's, and of their own clothes as being of the
greatest consequence in their estimation, and
by their means all my bedding and two of my
leathern portmanteaus were carried safely out
of theSeriba. I myself flung my manuscript
into a great chest whic^h had already been
provided against any accident of the sort, but
m}' care was of no avail. My servants suc-
ceeded in hastily convej'ing five of mj' largest
boxes and two cases to the open space of tho
Seriba where the direction of the wind made ■
us presume they were out of danger; but we
onlj' too soon learnt our mistake; the wind
chopped and veered about, and the hot blasts
fanned the flames in every direction till there
washardly a place to stand, and it was hopeless
to reckon upon any more salvage. A prompt
retreat became absolutely necessary; great
masses of burning straw began to fall in every ,
quarter, and the high fences of straw left but
THE FRIEND.
37c
lairow avenues by which we could escape. The
lames sometimes seemed to rise to a height
il' a hundred feet above the combustible sti-uc-
ures of dry grass, and then all at once they
vniild descend, but only to lick with destrue-
ivc furj-somo adjacent spot, while a perpetual
ihdwcr of hot sparks glared again in the roar-
ng air. The crowds, as they rushed away
H'Ti a-o theadvancingHames, were like aswarm
){ tlies bu/.zing around a lighted torch. I cast
i look towards the remnant of my property
(vhich we had thought we had rescued, and to
ny horror I perceived that the chests were
jnveloped in smoke, and immediately after-
irarda were encircled by the flames. It was
i moment of desiiair. How my heart sank at
,he sight none can imagine, for those chests
jontained all my manuscripts, journals, and
•ecords, in com])arison with which the loss of
ill the effects in my hut appeared utterly in-
significant, though they were the burdens
)fahundred bearers. Keg .rdless of theshower
)f sparks, which singe i off my very hair, I
nade a frantic rush forward, the dogs, with
;heir feet all scorched, howling at my side,
ind breathlessly stopped under a tree, where
[ found a shelter alike from the raging of the
ardent flame and from the noonday glare. In
ihe confusion of the flight I had been unable
to get my hat, and was thus fully exposed to
the midday heat.
After a while I succeeded in getting to ray
garden, which, bereft of the greater part of
its recently-constructed hedge of bamboo, pre-
Bented a truly melancholy aspect. As the sun
3ank low we began to make a search for any-
thing that might have been spared amidst the
still glowing embers of the huts. I had saved
little beyond my life. I had lost all my clothes,
tny guns, and the best part of mj- instruments.
1 was without tea and without quinine. As
I stood gazing upon the piles of ashes I could
DOthelp reckoning up the accumulation of my
labors which had there, beneath them all,
been buried in this hapless destinj-. All my
preparations for the projected expedition to
the Niam-niam ; all the produce of my recent
journey ; all the entomological collection that
I had made with such constant interest; all
the examples of native industry which I had
procured by so much care ; all my registers of
meteorological events which had been kept
day by day and without interruption ever
since my first departure from Suakin, and in
which I had inscribed some 7000 barometrical
observations; all my journals, with their de-
tailed narrative of the transactions of 825
days ; all my elaborate measurements of the
bodies of the natives, which I had been at so
much pains and expense to induce them to
permit; all my vocabularies, which it had
been so tedious a business to compile; every-
thing, in the course of a single hour: every-
thing was gone, the plunder of the flames. It
had been for the sake of better protection, as
I thought, that I had resolved not to part
with my journals, and had kept my collection
of insects in m}'' own possession; I had been
afraid of any misadventure befalling them ;
but now they might just as well have been at
the bottom of the Nile.
There I sat amongst my tobacco-shrubs
upon my stock of bedding that had been
rescued from the flames ; but I fear that I
could not boast of overmuch of the spirit of
resignation. The entire remnant of my pro-
perty was soon reckoned up ; it consisted of a
couple of chests, my three barometers, an
azimuth-compass, and the ironwork which
survived from the different productions of the
Niam-niam and Monbuttoo.
Evening drew on : just as usual, the cow
with hercalf came and provided me with two
glasses of milk. I had a j-am or two, a pick-
ing from the inside of a haU-burnt tuber, a
morsel from a similarly half-burnt lump of
pickled meat, and I had come to the end of
my slender stock of provisions. My dogs kept
up a continual howling; their sufterings from
their burnt feet must have been excessive, and
thoy whined in concert with the general deso-
lation. The servants, however, were as calm
:vnd undisturbed as usual. Neither the Nu-
bians nor the negroes seemeil to be much con-
cerned ; and why should they? They had
just nothing to lose."
This disastrous fire and the subsequent de-
feat of the Nubians in a second expedition
nto the Niam-niam country, convinced our
luthor that there was no hope of his being
able to penetrate further into the central re-
gions of Africa. But as several months would
elapse before the trading boats would start
on their return journey down the Nile, he con
eluded to visit Dar Ferteet, which was to the
west of his then residence, and accordingly
started on his tour on the first day of the
year 1871. Of this section of Africa he thus
speaks:
" The uninhabited wilderness stretching to
the west of the Pongo, a district long known
to the inhabitants of Darfoor and Kordofan
under the name of Dar Ferteet, represents one
of the oldest domains of the slave-trade, and
at the present day, as far as regards its abori-
ginal population, presents to the eye of a
traveller the aspect of what may be described
as 'a sold-out land." Only within the last
fifteen years have the Ivhartoom trading-
companies penetrated into the district watered
by the Gazelle, but long before that numbers
of slave-dealers had already formed settle-
ments in Dar Ferteet, then as now streaming
into the country from Darfoor and Kordofan
accompanied by hundreds of armed men, and
coming, year after year, in the winter months
so as to accomplish their business and get back
to their homes before the rainy season again
set in. Some of them, however, did not re-
turn, but remained permanently in the land,
and, under the sanction of the more influen-
tial chieftains, founded large establishments
(Dehms) to serve as marts or depots for their
black merchandize. As soon as the ivory-
traders, with their enormous armed bands,
made their appearance in "the country, the
Gellahbas received them with open arms ; and
the Nubians, in order to provide for the stor-
ing of their ivory and ammunition, forthwith
combined their Seribas with the Dehms al-
ready established, so that in the course of
time these places assumed the appearance of
the market towns of the Soudan. The Gel-
lahbas by remaining in their old quarters
reaped a twofold advantage : in the first place,
the large contingents of armed men that were
now introduced into the country relieved them
from the necessity of maintaining troops of
their own ; and, secondly, they were exonera-
ted from the heavy imposts that thej' had been
compelled to pay to the native Kredy chief-
tains, as these were very speedilj' reduced by
the Nubians to the suboidinate position of
mere sheikhs or local overseers of the natives,
which represented so many centres of the
slave trade in this part of the countrj-.
But although the various Khartoom com-
panies who had thus taken up their quarters
in the Dehms sent out expeditions everj' year
to the remotest of the Kredy tribes in the
west, anil even penetrated beyond them to
the Niam-niam in the south-west, it did not
take them ver}' long to discover that the an-
nual produce of ivory was altogether inade-
quate to defray the expenses of equip])ingand
maintaining theirarmed force. Finding, how-
ever, that the region offered every facility for
the sale of slaves, they began gradually to
introduce this unrighteous tratJic into their
commercial dealings, until at length it bo-
came, if not absolutely the prime, certainly
one of the leading objects of their expeditions;
thus the people wliom the professional Gel-
lahbas had at first hailed as friends grew up,
ere long, to be their most formidable rivals.
For example, Seebehr Rahania himself, who
had to maintain a fighting force of a tlumsand
men on his territories, had, as the result of his
ivory expedition in the previous year, gained
no more than 300 loads or 120 cwt., a quan-
tity which realized but little over 21-500/. at
Khartoom ; but at the same time he sent pro-
bablj' as many as 1800 slaves direct to Kor-
dofan, there to be disposed of on his own ac-
count."
V (To be contlnned.)
For "The Friend."
Eespect for the departed is evidence of a
Christian feeling pervading our minds, and
may be properly manifested b}' refraining from
much activity in our secular engagements,
and endeavoring after inwardness and quiet-
ness of mind and body, during the time the
lifeless tabernacle dwells in our midst. Abra-
ham was i^ermitted to mourn for his dead by
a cessation from business; and time was
granted to mourn for Moses, that faithful and
devoted servant of the Most High ; and shall
we, who live under the purest and most per-
fect dispensation, not bo so mindful of our
bereavements as not to dwell at home in the
quiet, endeavoring to profit by the lesson :
"Oh that my people were wise, that they un-
derstood this, that they would consider their
latter end."
For "Tlio FriC'D.I."
The following letter has been sent to us for
publication, many of our readers being in-
terested in the writer as well as in the work
in which he is engaged.
Wichita Agency, Indian Territory,
AunJarfio, 6tli mo. Utfi, 1S74.
Thomas "Wistar, — My Dear Friend:— Mar-
garet and I reached the Agency in safety, last
evening was a week. We catiie from Wichita
in our own conveyance which met us there :
and as there had been robberies committed on
the road, recently, and il was reported that the
''trail" was infested with horse thieves and des-
peradoes, we thought it prudent to join some
freighters, Avith whom we were acquainted,
and we came through, as far as the Cfieyenno
Agency, with them. We therefore travelled
slowly, and were about two days longer on the
road than we would have been had we come
alone. We were also detained one day at the
Cheyenne Agency by high water.
1 returned yesterday from a visit to Agent
Haworth. I found them, there, in a state of
In the course of my tour through Dar Ferteet anxiety. The friendly Indians reported " bad
I became acquainted with five of these towns, I talk" at the "medicine dance," just held, by
374
THE FRIEND.
the Cheyennes and some of the Comanches ;
and there have been some threateninsj de-
monstrations. Agent Haworth had his mules
run of from his corral, and while I was at
Sill there were persons (no doubt Indians) at
the Post corral, but the "guard" firing a vol-
ley they left without accomplishing anything.
Asa-hab-it was here yesterday, before I
came home, and left word for me to keep our
stock well guarded, and to instruct our peo-
ple not to expose themselves, by sitting at
the windows after night, with the light burn-
ing. He said he would come to see me again
to day. He reports three or four white men
having been killed by Indians, at distant
points. It appears they have been freelj'
supplied with whisky, from some point — re-
jjort saying that they have barrels of it at
their "Medicine dance." The Kiowas' "Med-
icine dance" is just about to commence, and
I am told it is doubtful what course Lone
Wolf will take, as he is mourning for the death
of his son. All the Apaches and the Pene-
tethka Comanches are coming in and settling
near together. Indeed, the most of them
have remained at the places they have se-
lected, within reach of the Agency, but the
Apaches have left, their fields and camped close
to Asa-toyet. Asa-hab-it went there to attend
the "dance" but when the pipe (for hostili-
ties) was handed around he and a number of
other chiefs left. They were followed by
those who favored hostilities, with a view of
making them return, and threatened to kill
their horses. But I believe Asa-hab-it gave
them to understand that something else would
be done first, and they desisted.
2d day morning, the 15th.
A number of Indians met here yesterday
and the appearance of things among the
Cheyennes and Comanches was talked over.
Nothing new was elicited — the Indians seem
to think that there is no reason to apprehend
any trouble, more than has occurred in pre-
ceding years.
Col. Davidson commanding at Fort Sill,
informed that there were Indians at his cor-
ral, as I have above stated.
We are as well as usual and things are
quiet. The Indian crops are encouraging, and
the Indians are more than ordinarily inter-
ested in them.
I would just say that we do not feel alarmed
at all, about the Indians depredating upon us,
and I think we have a trust, that all will bo
wisely ordered.
I hesitate about sending this letter — it is
defective and unsatisfactory — but the facts
as stated are correct.
Very truly thy friend,
JONA. ElCHARDS.
Arabic Names. — Here in Syria we have the
house of " Wolf" the house of " Stuffed Cab-
bage," Khowadji Leopard, the lady " Wolves,"
and one of our fellow villagers in Abeih where
we spend the summer is Eman ed Deen
" faith-of religion," although he has neither
faith nor religion.
Among the boys' names are Selim, Ibrahim,
Moosa, Yakob, Ishoc, Mustafa, Hanna, Yusef,
Ali, Saieed, Assaf, Giurgius, Faoor, and Abbas.
I once met a boy at the Cedars of Lebanon,
who was named Jidry, or "Small pox," be-
cause that disease was raging in the village
when he was born. It is very common to
name babies from what is happening in the
world when they are born. A friend of mine
in Tripoli had a daughter born when an
American ship was in the harbor, so he called
her America. When another daughter was
born there was a Russian ship in port, so he
called her Russia. There is a young woman
in Silk el Ghurb named Fetneh or Civil War,
and her sister is Hada, or Peace. An old lady
lately died in Beiriit named Fianus or Lan-
tern. In the Beirut school are and have been
girls named Pearl, Diamond, Morning Dawn,
Devv, Rose, Only One, and Mary Flea. That
girl America's full name was America Wolves,
a curious name for a Syrian lamb I
Sometimes children are named, and if after
a few years they are sick, the parents change
their names and give them new ones, think-
ing that the first name did not agree with
them. A Druze told me that he named his
son in infancj' Asaad (or happier) but he was
sickly, so they changed his name to Ahmed
(Praised) and after that he grew bettor! He
has now become a Christian, and has resumed
his first name Asaad.
I once visited a man in the village of Brum-
mana who had six daughters, whom he named
Sun, Morning, Zephyr breeze, Jewelry, Agate,
and Emerald. I know girls named l?tar,
Beauty, Sugar, One Eyed, and Christian Bar-
barian. Some of the names are beautiful, as
as Leila, Zarifeh, Lulu, Selma, Luciya, Mi-
riam and Fereedy. — Women of the Arabs.
began to decline, and her faculties suffered a
■abatement of their usual strength. Durin,
six months gradual decline, she was preserve'
in much innocence ; frequently aspiring atte
that which, from her youth up she had pre
forred to all created excellence, and desirin;
to be preserved to the end, in a sense of tha
power which had been her morning light, am
her guide through the vicissitudes of life.
She one day observed, " My poor mind i
tossed, and I long to be fixed, fixed, fixed
There is One who can walk upon the sea, am
command a calm," and then commended her
self to the comjiassionate regard of the Gruii
Shepherd.
She quietly and peacefully departed, th(
3d of the Second month, 1776, at the age o
78 years, having been a minister about sixtj
years. ■
Deborah Waring.
In "Piety Promoted" there is a short ac-
count of this Friend, in which it is stated that
she was a native of Alton, in Hampshire, was
religiously educated in the principles of truth,
and being favored with an early visitation of
its sanctif3-ing influence, was, by yielding
obedience thereto, qualified for public service.
About the eighteenth year of her age, it
pleased the Lord of the harvest to call her
into the work of the ministry; in which ser-
vice she was an unwearied laborer ; and under
the renewings of heaverdy virtue, her doc-
trine frequently dropped like dew to the con-
solation of the right minded, and edification
of the body in love. She was often led, in an
awful manner, to press the necessity of a
reverent waiting for the fresh opening of the
spring of all good; that every individual might
be brought from all exterior d> pendenco, to
know the Lord for themselves; and witness
the revelation of his dear Son, the minister of
the Santuar}', in their own hearts; and she
recommended this doctrine to others by her
own example.
She was a very diligent attendor of meet-
ings, both for worship and discipline; and not
only at home and in her own country, but
under the prevailing influence of divine love,
she was engaged at various times to visit
Friends in other countries, having the unity
of her Monthly Meeting in that weighty ser-
vice ; and, by some remarks of her own, it ap-
pears, that the Lord's blessed presence was
with her, and strengthened her from day to
day.
She was of a tender, sympathizing disposi-
tion, and was enabled to fill up the several
relative duties in life with groat propriety,
and to continue fresh and lively in old age.
It having pleased the Lord to remove her
husband Samuel Waring, (with whom she had
long lived in much unity and affection) about
a year before her, she was divinel}' supported
under that great trial. Her health soon after
Every-ilay Electricity.
A communication in the Louisville Courier
Journal makes some interesting statement
with regard to the aggravation of disease ii
city houses. The writer recalls the fact tha
Professor Loomis some years ago, in a serie
of scientific papers, called attention " to th(
effect of friction of shoe leather on wollen car
pets in houses warmed by hot-air furnaces o
steam in cold weather, in the production o
negative electrical excitement," and he quoto:
from a book of Professor Silliman theassor
tion that the young people in the Professor's
house found a source of amusement in cole
weather in giving electrical shocks (by kisse;
and otherwise) to unwary friends, or in light
ing the gas by a spark from a finger or key
handle after rubbing it briskly over the car
pet. An anecdote of a lady in Frankfort
Kentucky, who was able to light the gas bj
applj'ing her knuckle to the burner, finishes
the writer's stock of illustrations that elec-
tricity in large quantities enters into our sys
tems under certain conditions when we are
merely following the routine of our every -daj
lives. He then says: "It is possible that
amid the learned labors that are going on
touching the remedial uses of this powerful
agent, the inmates of tens of thousands ol
American houses are being left to a baleful
influence of it which is receiving no atten
tion.
The physiological effects upon a child fro-
licking upon a carpet, in a furnace-heated or
steam-heated house, or upon a lady traversingj
[the house in her domestic duties, until charged;
with elfCtricity sufficient to give a sensible;
shock to persons touched, or to itjnite the gas'
may be judged of somewhat by the effects upon;
ja boy on a stool isolated by glass legs andf
I electrified until able to ignite a cup of ether!
'presented to his knuckles. He experiences aj'
'prickly heat and glow of the skin, his face(
flushes, his hair stands out from his head, he
breaks into perspiration, a touch gives him a
shock like touching the conductor of the elec-
trical machine in action, and he feels after-
ward a lassitude like that subsequent to a
strain of the muscles or excitement of the
nerves of sen.sibilitj'. When persons, j'oung
or old, are subjected to such a process almost
daily for a long season, and often a number
of times in a day, can it bo without serious
effects, for good or evil, upon the health and
constitution ?
When it is considered that a person elec-
trified in this manner is not like the Lej'den
jar which gathers and holds the electricity,
THE FRIEND.
375
lut is like the electrical machine constantly
lischarging the electricity silently in the
itmosphere, the presence of such an amount
^t any one moment suggests how great a
[uant'ity must be emitted by a single person
a such circumstances in a single da}'. Guth-
ired into a battery of jars and discharged at
mce through a large animal, it would pro-
lably kill instantly, or would shiver a tough
ilock of wood an inch in thickness. Tlie
itatement of its chemical effects, although
mall comparatively to its mechanical effects
'ind to the effects ot" electricity in other forms,
iould be made equall}' startling.
' What now must be the influence of such an
igent, experienced in such measure, upon the
physical health and mental constitution of
,bose daily subjected to it? The children in
luch homes encounter not merely the general
inervating influence of luxury, but even a
noro formidable foe to health and intellectual
(trength. Compare this pale, precocious boy
n your furnace heated house with the bare-
'ooted, rosy-cheeked boy in the laborer's cabin,
)r in the less luxurious country home. The
iifterence is not all in the softer clothing and
jentle rearing of your boy; upon his nerves
I subtle and powerful agent is almost con-
iinuously at work to excite his sensibilities
md waste his strength. Observe the distress
;bat, with attention, may be read on the face
)f the fretful child in your electrical hot-bed,
md give it the relief which nature craves, in
he unadulterated air outside your doors."
«-*
A Lost Life. — The news of the abandon-
ment of the French steamer L'Amerique, was
followed by the announcement that the first
jflScer bad committed suicide. The act was
foolish; it was a confession ; but it was not
annatural. The unhappy man reflected ; "I
have lost all. I had a trust committed to me ;
I abandoned it ; I did it needlessly. With it
went honor, opportunity, prospects, all. All
is lost, and all is my own fault." We may
well imagine how maddening were these
thoughts.
The remembrance of lost opportunity is
always terrible. And how frightful must be
the contemplation of a lost life. Suppose a
man who has spent all his days in the pur-
suit of wealth, or in the quest of pleasure, or
in the service of ambition, whether political,
or literary, or social, or in st-eking anj- other
merely worldly end. He draws near to the
end of life. He looks back upon his daj's.
He says, " I have had opportunities. I have
had life. It was given to me to use for God
and for man. It was my only life. It was
my all. And what have I done ? I have lost
it. It is gone; 1 have got nothing in ex-
change; I lost it needlessly; I can blame no
one but myself : and now all is over ; the mis-
take can never be corrected ; the loss is irre-
parable."— The National Baptist.
There are many curious facts about voge
I table life, says the Massachusetts Plowman
We can, for example, graft the apricot on the
plum, and the peach on the apricot, and thus
we may produce a tree with plum roots and
almond leaves. The wood, however, of the
stem will consist of four distinct varieties,
though formed from one continuous laj'cr.
Below the almond wood and the bark we shall
have perfect peach wood and bark, then per-
fect apricot wood and bark, and at the bottom
perfect plum wood and bark. In this curious
instance we see the intimate correspondence
between the bark and the leaf, for if we should
remove the almond branches we might cause
the several sorts of wood to develope buds
and leafy twigs each of its own kind. Each
section of the compound stem has its seat of
ife in the cambium layer, and the cambium
)f each re]iroduccs cells of its own species out
of a common nutrient fluid.
The Lord inspires counsel and courage, or
sends infatuation and dismay as He pleases;
so that the battle is not to the strong; but
all calculations are strangely proved errone-
ous when this secret influence is not taken
into accouut. — T. Scott.
The wonder at Winchendon, (Mass.) just
now is a floating island of about five acres
which is voj'aging around Lake Monomonauk,
a sheet of water of about 2500 acres in extent
lying partly in Winchendon and partly in
Kindge, N. H. It formerly claimed a resi-
dence in Winchendon, but toward the latter
part of May the little island was one morning
discovered to have changed its place and
moved about two miles up the lake beyond
the State line; then it floated back nearly to
its old place, only, a day or two after, to sail
north again. Its soil is firm, and many peo-
ple have approached it by boats and travelled
over it: the entire surface is covered by a
thrifty vegetation; there are more than 400
trees by count, varying from 5 to 25 feet in
height, scattered over its surface. Floating
islands are not uncommon in the lakes of this
region, but one so large as this, and given to
so long voyages, is remarkable. — Ledger.
THE FRIEND.
SEVENTH MONTH 11. 1874.
" Whether therefore ye eat or drink, or whatsoever ye
do, do all to the glory of God." l?t Cor. x. .31.
The season usually devoted to relaxation
from the cares of business and recreation by
sea side and mountain has again arrived, in
the course of the revolving year, to those
whose means and duties will admit of such
indulgence.
The ordinary routine of business life, with
its absorbing cares, is no longer pursued, for
a fortnight or so, and new channels of thought
and action draw the mind with fresh force.
How important to the spiritual life is it, un-
d.-r such circumstances, that we should keep
in mind, that "we are not our own, but are
bought with a price," and are bound to glorify
God in our bodies and our spirits which are
His. That all we do is to be directed to His
honor. Thus we shall not feel at liberty to
indulge in those hurtful pleasures that tend
to close up the eye of faith, which should be
daily directed towards its Leader, as the eye
of the servant is to the hand of his master.
If the love of Christ glows in the soul, the
new scenes which are presented to the eye,
as we wander amid Nature's wonders, will
all conspire to fan the holy flame, and lead
us to adore their Divine Author. What a
beautiful apostrophe to his Maker the roj-al
Psalmist has recorded, by the shores of the
Mediterranean, whilst the grand peaks of
Lebanon towered above him from the east I
" Who laid the foundations of the earth that
it should not be removed foreyer. Thou
covercdst it with the deep as with a gar-
ment. The waters stood above the moun-
tains. At thy rebuke they fled; at the voice
of thy thunder they halted away. They
go up bj' the mountains, they go down by
the vallej's unto the place which thou hast
founded for them. The trees of the Lord are
full of sap, the cedars of Lebanon which he
hath planted. O Lord, how manifold are thy
works! in wisdom bast thou made them all:
the earth is full of thy riches. So is this
great and wide sea, wherein are things creep-
ing innumerable, both small and great beasts.
The glory of the Lord shall endures forever;
the Lord shall rejoice in His works. I will
sing unto the Lord as long as I live, I will
sing praise to my God while I have my being.
My meditation of Ilim shall be sweet, I will
be glad in the Lord 1" How different is the
state of mind thus exhibited from that of
mere pleasure seekers, who pace the ocean
strand with eye intent on their apparel or
that of their companions, and thought and
conversation directed to idle gossip, or the
vanities of the evening dance. Even those
who are sober and caii'ful in their home life
may at times be tempted, when absent at
summer resorts, to indulge in doubtful means
of recreation. The readable romance is per-
haps taken up as a pastime, which may be
excused just now although condemned in
general. A friendly game of tenpins or bil-
liards may be thought allowable for exercise,
whilst overlooking the poisoned fountain of
evil that lurks near by in the drinking bar,
and the effect of our mere presence at such
places in giving countenance to gamblers and
tipplers.
If the mind is truly transformed by the
renewing influence of Hivine Grace, it will be
so deeply imbued with love and gratitude to
Him who has purchased us with His own
blood, that each opportunity of withdrawal
from the neces>ary pursuits of business will
find it seeking its central object of attraction.
No sweeter relaxation, no more refreshing
recreation than this will be desired bj- those
who love Him with all their heart, under-
standing, and strength.
" Admitted once to Ili.s embrace,
Thou shall perceive tliat tliou wast blind before:
Thine eye sliall be instrnrted ; and thine heart
Made pure shall relish, with divine delight
'Till then unfelt, what hands divine have wrought."
" These look from nature up to nature's God."
"Whose eye they fill with tears of holy joy,
Whose heart with praise, and whose exalted mind
With worthy thoughts of that unwearied love
That planned, and built, and still upholds a world
So clothed with beauty, for rebellious man !"
The sentiments of gratitude thus instilled
will not fail to bear practical fruit in works
of charity and love to our less favored fellow
beintis. The suffering and needy will be
sought out and cheered bj' the counsel, or re-
lieved by the means, of those who feel them-
selves but stewards of the manifold grace of
God. " A concern will be felt that others
should taste and see that the Lord is good,
and that a cross bearing life and conversa-
tion shall show forth tho praises of Him who
hath called us out of darkness into His mar-
vellous light. The distribution of well selected
Religious Tracts, when associating with others
away from home, is one method of spreading
the Truth — that may be adopted by the most
humble and unassuming. A watchful con-
cern that our conversation in public places
should not degenerate into frivolity, or gossip
376
THE FRIEND.
of a personal character, seems needful, where
BO much time is at our disposal. It may be
laid down generally as a rule, that it is more
elevating and free from dissipating influences
to converse about things than persons. To
dissect character and comment upon the ac-
tions of others may have a keener relish than
literary observations, or the discussion of
questions of science or statesmanship, but the
former oft carry with them an edge of cutting
criticism which may wound both speaker and
listener. "Let your speech be always with
grace, seasoned with salt." If we go abroad
under such influences, not trusting to our own
prudence or supposed religious attainments,
but in humilit}' watching daily unto prayer
lest we enter into temptation, we may with
innocent cheerfulness enjoy that repose which
nature demands for bodily and mental re-
cuperation, and gain renewed energy for future
toil, whilst we hold forth a profitable example
to others "in word, in conversation, in charity,
in sj)irit, in faith, in purity."
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
Foreign. — The new telegraph cable of the Anglo-
American Company wa.s completed on the 4th inst.
The Great Eastern is to leave to lay the cable between
Ireland and Newfoundland on the 27th inst.
On the first inst. Dr. Butt moved his resolve in the
House of Commons in favor of home rule for Ireland.
It met with little favor in the House, and after debate
was defeated by a large majority, the vote being 458
to 61.
The emigration from Liverpool in the Fifth month
■was 17,293. In the corresponding month 1873, the
number was 35,364, or more than double.
The cost of the London Metropolitan Police for the
last official year was $5,089,965, of which $3,776,665
was for salaries and pay of policemen.
Liverpool, 7th mo. 6th. — Uplands cotton, 8}d.; Or-
leans, 8f a Sid. Sales of the day 15,000 bales. Bread-
stuffs quiet.
A committee of the French A.ssembly have drawn up
a new constitutional bill. The measure provides for
the continuance of the title of " President of the Re-
public ;" for the creation of a second Chamber ; for the
organization of a purely personal Septennat, which is
to terminate with the expiration of President Mac-
Mahon's terra, or sooner in case of his death or resigna-
tion. No provision is made for a successor to the Pre-
sident, and it is thought that the object of the omissicjn
is to leave an opportunity for the restoration of the
monarchy, which may be possible when the Septennat
ceases.
The Count de Chambord has issued a manifesto in
which he places his right to the throne of France upon
his birth, which he says made him its king. He will
admit the existence of two Chambers, one nominated
by the king and the <ither elected by the nation, accord-
ing to legally established suffrage. He says, " I wish
the representatives of the nation to be vigilant auxili-
aries for the examination of questions submitted to
them, but will not have barren parliamentary struggles
from which a sovereign often issues powerless and
weakened."
The French and English press generally consider
that this manifesto of the grandson of Charles X., makes
it impossible for him to become King of France. The
Paris newspaper which first published Chambord's
manifesto has been suspended for two weeks by order of
the government. This step gives great offence to the
Legitimests who will use every effort to unseat the pre-
sent Ministry.
Passports are no longer required of Americans, who
are placed on the same footing in this respect as sub-
jects of countries adjacent to France.
The North German Gazette (olEcial organ) pays a
warm tribute to George Bancroft. It says the German
government sees his departure with regret — a feeling
which is lively and general in private as well as official
circles — and declares that since Frederick the Great re-
ceived Franklin, the mutual understanding between
Germany and the United States has never been more
profound than at present.
In the Bernese Jura, the manufacture of watches is
continually increasing. Twelve thousand three hun-
dred persons find employment through this industry.
The yearly production is 1,290,000 watches of the value
of 20-25 francs, representing about 30,000,000 francs.
The situation in Spain does not appear to improve.
The Carlists hold Estella with a force of 38,000 men,
they have also again invested Bilboa on all sides except
toward the sea. Don Carlos has fixed his residence at
Tolosa, fifteen miles from San Sebastian.
The Madrid government propose making a fresh levy
for the purpose of sending 30,000 men to reinforce the
army in the north of Spain.
Dispatches of the 6th report great activity on the part
of the Carlists, who now threaten Santander, Castro,
and other places. On the 4th about 4000 of them at-
tacked Ternel, but were repulsed with the loss of 300
men.
The British Minister at Constantinople has tendered
his good offices as mediator between the Persians and
Turks in the complications which have recently arisen.
United States. — The Public Debt statement pub-
lished on the first inst., shows a reduction of $2,180,196
during the Sixth month. It now amounts, less cash in
the Treasury, to $2,143,088,241. The Treasurer held
in coin $74,205,304, and in currency $14,576,010.
During the first six months of the present year the
interments in Pliiladelphia consisted of 3894 males, and
3702 females — total 7596, which is 973 less than in the
corresponding portion of 1873. There were 1177 deaths
of consumption, and 657 inflammation of the luugs.
The interments of the last week numbered 234.
The mean temperature of the Sixth month, by the
Pennsylvania Hospital record, was 75.53 deg., the
highest during the month 97.50 deg., and the lowest
55 deg. The amount of rain 2.66 inches. The average
of the mean temperature of the Sixth month for the
past 85 years, is stated to be 71.84 deg., the highest
mean of temperature during that entire period was in
1870, 77.21 deg., and the lowest was in 1816, 55 deg.
The rain fall of the first half of the present year has
been 21.47 inches, against 23.73 inches in the first six
months of 1873.
Eugene Hale, who was nominated by the President
to fill the office of Postmaster General, declined the ap-
pointment on account of impaired health. It was then
tendered to Marshall Jewell, of Connecticut, at present
Minister to Russia, who answered by telegraph that he
accepted the position. The office will be tilled uutil
his return, by the first assistant in the Department.
The crevasses in the river bank of the Mississippi,
above New Orleans, have at length been closed, the
flood in the great river having subsided with the ad-
vance of the summer. Vast amounts of property have
been destroyed by the inundation, which is said to have
covered about one-fourth of Louisiana.
On the 4th inst. a new iron bridge across the Schuyl-
kill, at Girard Avenue, Philadelphia, was opened for
public use. This beautiful structure is 1000 feet in
length and 100 feet wide, and was built at a cost of $1,-
404,445. The same day the corner-stone of the great
Public Buildings, at the intersection of Market and
Broad Streets, was laid. The work upon this structure
began nearly two years since, and many more will pro-
bably elapse before its entire completion. The build-
ing, which is to be of white marble and massive con-
struction, is 486 feet from north to south, and 470 feet
from east to west, and will probably cost not less than
ten millions of dollars.
The assessed value of real and per.sonal estate in the
citv and county of New York the present year, is $1,-
754,000,000.
The Markets, &c. — The following were the quotations
on the 6th inst. New York. — American gold, 110.
U. S. sixes, 1881, registered, llOg; coupons, 116j ; do.
1868, liej^ a 116i ; do. 10-40 5 per cents, 113. Super-
fine flour, $4.65 a" $5.10 ; State extra, »5.60 a $6 ; finer
brands, $6.50 a $10.25. No. 1 Chicago spring wheat,
$1 37 ; No. 2 do., $1.32 ; N'o. 3 do., $1.28. West Canada
barley, $2. Oats, 59 a 64 cts. Western mixed corn,
75 a 76 cts. ; yellow, 77 a 77i cts. ; white, 83 cts. Phila-
delphia.— Cotton, 17J a 181 cts. for uplands and New
Orleans middlings. Superfine flour, $4 a $4.50; extras,
$5 a $6 ; finer brands, *6..50 a $9.50. Pennsylvania red
wheat, *1.40 a $1.45 ; western red, $1.25 a $1.35 ; No. 1
spring, $1.30. Rye, $1. Yellow corn, 80 cts. Oats,
63 a 67 cts. Lard, llf a 12 cts. Clover-seed. 9| a lOi
cts. About 3300 beef cattle were sold at 7 a Ih cts. per
lb. gross for extra ; 5J a 6 cts. for fair to good, and 32
a 5 cts. for common. Sales of 8000 sheep at 4 a 64 cts.
per lb. gross, and 5500 hogs at $9 a $9.25 per 100 lbs.
net. Chicago. — No. 2 spring wheat, $1.12; No. 3 do.,
$1.06. No. 2 mixed corn, 59 a 60 cts. No. 2 oats, 43
a 43.V cts. No. 2 rye, 83 cts. Spring barley, $1.10 a
$1.20. Lard, llj cts. Cincinnati. — Red wheat, $1.10;
white, $1.20. Corn, 63 a 66 cts. Oats, 47 a 55 cts. St.
Louis, — No. 1 mixed corn, 68^ cts. No. 2 oats, 53 cts.
SHELTER FOR COLORED ORPHANS. '
Wanted, by the 1st of 10th mo. next, a suitabl(
Friend for Matron for the above institution.
Application may be made to
Hannah R. Newbold, 641 Franklin St.
Mary Wood, 524 South Second St.
Mary Randolph, 247 North Twelfth St.
! Anna W. Lippincott, 460 North Seventh St
WANTED.
An unmarried Friend to take the position of Governoi
at Westtown Boarding School, on or before the close o:
the present session, in the 10th month next.
Apply to
Clarkson Slieppard, Greenwich, New Jersey,
Joseph Walton, Moorestown, "
Charles Evans, 702 Race street, Philadelphia.
I Pi
WANTED
A young man of energy and perseverance, to take
charge and oversight of the farm belonging to the!
Wyandott Mission, situated near Teneca, in the State
of Missouri ; also a woman well qualified to fill the
place of Matron in the Boarding School. Friends
would be preferred. For further information apply to
John S. Stokes, Oflice of " The Friend," Fourth above
Arch street.
FRIENDS' DISCIPLINE.
The Committee having charge of Friends' Library!
are desirous of procuring copies of the different editions
of the Discipline of Baltimore Yearly Meeting. Also
that of the late Yearly Meeting of Virginia. Any per-
son who may be able to supply any of the above, will
please communicate with Edward Maris, M. D.,
127 South Fifth St.
HAVERFORD COLLEGE.
The next Term will commence on Fourth-day, 9th
mo. 2nd, 1874. Applications for admissions should be
addressed to Samuel .1. Gummere, President,
Haverford College, Montgomery Co., Pa.
WANTED,
A woman Friend, competent for Principal of the
Aimwell School. Appiv to
Sanah E. Smith, No. 1110 Pine St.
Rebecca W. Fry, 908 North Fifth St.
Rachel S. Maris, 127 South Fifth St.
Mary D. Allen, 833 North Seventh St.
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE.
Near Frankford, {Twenty-third Ward,) Philadiipliia.
Physician and Superintendent — Joshua H. Worth
INGTON, M. D.
Applications for the Admission of Patients may hi
mtde to the Superintendent, or to any of the Board o
Managers.
Died, the 22d of 5th mo. 1874, Martha Marsha lt.
in the 58th year of her age, a member and elder 01
Kennett Monthly Meeting, and daughter of the late
William Walter. This dear Friend w.as one who knew
what it was to descend into deep baptisms of spirit, thai
she might know Christ and the power of His resurrec-
tion ; and, by her humble consistent walking and dedi-
cated life, as well as her peaceful clo.se, we are induced
to believe, that through His mercy, she has entered
among those redeemed ones, " who have washed their
robes and made them white in the blood of the Lamb ;
therefore are they before the throne of God, and serve
Him day and night in His temple."
, suddenly, at her residence in Westmoreland,
Oneida Co., New York, on the morning of the 11th of
6th month, 1874, Eliza D. Naramore, wife of David
Naramore, and daughter of Henry A. and Mary
Knowles, of Iowa, in the thirty-ninth year of her age,
a beloved member and elder of Westmoreland Monthly
Meeting. She had long been engaged to seek first the
Kingdom of Heaven and the righteousness thereof.
The last two or three years of her life she seemed ripen-
ing for the Kingdom, and more abundantly filled with'
that love that ihinketh no evil, but is full of gentleness
and good works. When the midnight call was sud-
denly heard, it found her ready to go forth with joy to
meet the Bridegroom, speaking of the love and good-
ness of God, and resting in a full assurance of receiving,
through mercy, an entrance into that blessed city whose
walls are salvation and whose gates are praise.
WILLIAM H. PILE, PRINTER.
No. 422 Walnut Street.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. XLVII.
SEVENTH-DAY, SEVENTH MONTH 18, 1874.
NO. 48.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
Price Two Dollars per annum, if paid in advance. Two
dollars and fifty cents, if not paid in advance.
Subscriptions and Payments receiTed by
JOHN S. STOKES,
AT NO. 116 NORTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS,
FHILADSIiFHIA.
Postage, when paid quarterly in advance, five cents.
For " The Triend."
The Little Land of Appenzfii.
Appenzell, a canton in the N. E. of Switzer-
land, has an area of 153 square miles, and in
1850 contained 54,SG9 inhabitants. The peo
pie are in general very industrious, contented
and orderly, and strongly attached to their
Alpine home. It was visited by Bayard Tay-
lor a few years ago, and we have thought
some of his observations respecting the Ap-
penzellers, and their peculiar mode of govern-
ment, might be interesting to our younger
readers.
He says : " The traveller who first reaches
the Lake of Constance at Lindau, or crosses
that sheet of pale green water to one of the
ports on the opposite Swiss shore, cannot fail
to notice the bold heights to the southward
■which thrust themselves between the opening
of the Rhine Valley, and the long, undulating
ridges of the Canton Thurgau. These heights,
■ broken by many a dimly hinted valley and
■ravine, appear to be the front of an Alpine
table-land. Houses and villages, scattered
over the steep ascending plane, present them-
selves distinctly to the ej'e ; the various green
of forest and pasture land is rarely interrupted
by the gray of rocky walls ; and the afternoon
sun touches the topmost edge of each succes-
'sive elevation with a sharp outline of golden
light, through the rich gloom of the shaded
elopes. Behind and over this region rise the
serrated peaks of the Sentis Alp, standing in
advance of the farther ice-fields of Glarus,
'like an outer fortress, garrisoned in summer
by the merest forlorn hope of snow.
The green fronts nearest the lake, and the
I lower lands falling away to the right and left,
■ belong to the Canton of St. Gall ; but all aloft,
J beyond that frontier marked by the sinking
sun, lies the 'Little Land of Appenzell.'
If, leaving the Lake of Constance by the
Ehine Valley, you ascend to Ragatz and the
baths of Pfeffers, thence turn westward to the
Lake of Wallenstatt cross into the valley of
the Toggenburg, and so make your way north-
ward and eastward around the base of the
mountains back to the starting point, you will
have passed only through the territory of St.
Gall. Appenzell is an Alpine island, wholly
surrounded by the former canton. From
whatever side you approach, you must climb
in order to got into it. It is a ncarlj' circular
tract, falling from the south towards the north,
but lifted, at almost every point, over the ad-
joining lands. This altitude and isolation is
an historical as well as a physical peeuliaritj-.
When the Abbots of St. Gall, after having re-
duced the entire population of what is now
two cantons to serfdom, became more oppres-
sive as their power increased, it was the
mountain shepherds who, in the year 1403,
struck the first blow for libortj*. Once free,
they kept their freedom, and established a
rude democracy on the heights, similar in form
and spirit to the league which the Forest
Cantons had founded nearly a century before.
An echo from the meadow of Griitli reached
the wild valleys around the Sentis, and Ap-
penzell, by the middle of the fifteenth century,
became one of the original states out of which
Switzerland has grown.
I find something touching and admirable in
this fragment of hardly noticed history. The
people isolated themselves by their own act,
held together, organized a simple yet suffi-
cient government, and maintained their sturdj-
independence, while their brethren on every
side, in the richer lands below them, were fast
bound in the fetters of a priestly despotism.
Individual liberty sec/ms to be a condition in-
separable fi-om mountain life; that once at-
tained, all other influences are conservative
in their character. The cantons of Unter-
walden, Schwytz, Glarus, and Appenzell, re-
tain to-day the simple, primitive forms of
democracy which had their origin in the spirit
of the people nearly six hundred years ago.
Twice had I looked up at the little moun-
tain republic from the lower lands to the
northward, with the desire and the determi-
nation to climb one day the green buttresses
which support it on every side; so, when I
left St. Gall on a misty morning, in a little
open carriage, bound for Trogen, it was with
the pleasant knowledge that a land almost
unknown to tourists lay before me. The only
summer visitors are invalids, mostly from
Eastern Switzerland and Germany, who go
up to drink the whey of goats' milk ; and, al-
though the fabrics woven by the people are
known to the world of fashion in all countries,
few indeed arc the travellers who turn aside
from the near highways. The landlord in
St. Gall told me that his guests were almost
wholly commercial travellers, and my subse-
quent experience among an unspoiled people
convinced me that I was almost a pioneer in
the paths I traversed.
It was the last Saturday in April, and at
least a month too soon for the proper en-
joyment of the journey ; but on the following
day the Assembly of the People was to be|
held in Hundroj'l, in the manner and with]
the ceremonies which have been annually
observed for the last three or four hundred
years. This circumstance determined the
time of my visit. I wished to study the
character of an Alpine democracy, so pure
that it has not yet adopted even the repre-
sentative principle, — to be with and among a
portion of the Swiss people at a time when
they are most truly themselves, rather than
look at them through the medium of conven-
tional guides, in lines of travel which have
now lost everything of Switzerland except
the scenery."
He reached Hundroyl before evening and
lodged there. The following morning the
narrative continues: "In the village there
were signs of preparation but not a dozen
strangers had arrived. Wooden booths had
been built against some of the houses, and the
owners thereof were arranging their stores of
gingerbread and coarse confectioner}- in the
open, grassy square ; in front of the parsonage
stood a large platform, with a handsome rail-
ing around it, but the green slope of the hill
in front was as deserted as an Alpine pasture.
Looking westward over the valley, however,
I could already see dark figures moving along
the distant paths. The morning was over-
cast, but the Hundroyl Alp, streaked with
snow stood clear, and there was a prospect of
good weather for the important day. As I
loitered about the village, talk-ing with the
people, who, busy as they were, alwaj's found
time for a friendly word, the movement in the
landscape increased. Out of firwood, and
over the ridges, and out of the foldings of the
hills, came the Appenzellers, growing into
groups, and then into lines, until steady pro-
cessions began to enter Hundroyl by every
road. Every man was dressed in black,
with a rusty stove-pipe hat on his head, and
a sword and umbrella in his hand or under
his arm.
From time to time the church bell chimed;
a brass band played the old melodies of the
Canton ; on each side of the governing Lan-
damman's place on the platform stood a huge
two-handed sword, centuries old, and the
temper of the gathering crowd became earn-
est and solemn. .Six old men, armed with
pikes, walked about with an air of import-
ance ; their duty was to preserve order, but
they had nothing to do. Policeman other
than these or soldier was not to be seen ; each
man was a part of the government, and felt
his responsibilitj". Carriages, light carts, and
hay wagons, the latter filled with patriotic
singers, now begun to arrive, and I took mj'
wa)' to the " Crown," in order to witness the
arrival of the members of the Council.
In order to make the proceedings of the day
more intelligible, I must first briefly sketch cer-
tain features of this little democracy, which it
possesses in common with three other moun-
tain cantons — the yjiimitive form which the
republican principle assumed in Switzerland.
In the first place the government is only
representative so far as is requi'cd for its
permanent, practical operation. The highest
power in the land is the General Assembly of
the People, by whom the members of the
Executive Council are elected, and who alone
378
THE FRIEND.
can change, adopt or abolish any law. All
citizens above the age of eighteen, and all
other Swi,-*8 citizens after a year's residence in
the Canton, are not only allowed, but required
to attend the Landsgemeinde. There is a
penalty for non-attendance. Outer-Ehoden
(the larger division of Appenzell) contains
48,000 inhabitants, of whom 11,000 are under
obligations to bo present and vote, from be-
ginning to end of the deliberations."
CTo be coDtinned.)
Selected for " The Friend."
Report of the Committee who have charge of the
Boarding School at Westtown.
To the Yearly Meeting: — The Committee
who have charge of the Boarding School at
Westtown, Report : That in the Summer term
of 1873, there were 84 boys and 89 girls, and
during the Winter session 124 boys and 70
girls who entered the School, exclusive of day-
scholars. The average number of both sexes
for the whole year being 188, which is an in-
crease of .three over the previous year. The
new admissions were 47 boys and 46 girls.
The expenditures chargeable to the year
ending on the 4th instant, were as follows: —
For Provl>ions, .... §16,029 99
" Fuel, Gas and Laundry Ex-
penses, .... 5,004 04
" Furniture and Miscellaneous
Family Expenses, . . 2,226 33
" Salaries and Wages (exclu-
sive of wages charged to
the Laundry and Gas ac-
counts), .... 14,811 82
" Incidental Expenses, . . 428 93
" Eepairs and Improvements, 2,012 79
Making together, . . $40,513 90
The average cost of each pupil for the year,
obtained from the above data is $215.50, which
is $5.37 less than last year.
The charges for board and tuition
were, $27,556 50
Profits on Books, Stationery and
other Merchandise, . . 566 60
Estimated Profits of the Farm, 3,770 67
Rent of Tenements, . . . 150 00
Income from Grist and Saw Mills, 587 77
Income of the Fund for general
purposes, .... 5,000 02
Income of the Fund for Paying
Teachers' Salaries, ... 684 82
Yearly Meeting Appropriation, 3,000 00
Making the sum of . . $41,316 38
And showing a balance in favor of the Insli-
tion for the year, of $802.48.
A want having long existed for residences
suited to the married Teachers, and the build-
ing formerly erected for an Infirmary on the
south side of the lane being of no practical
use for its original purpose, the Committee
resolved last year to convert it into two
dwellings. This has accordingly been accom-
plished, and they were occupied by two of the
men teachers and their families, during the
winter. New back buildings of brick were
added to each house, so that they contain
seven rooms each, exclusive of basements, and
are supplied with hydrant-water, baths, and
other modern conveniences, making commo
dious and pleasant residences. The old Piazza
in front, being found much decayed, it has
been replaced by a new one. The cost of the
whole improvement, including the introduc-
tion of the water from the Eeservoir at the
School-house, and grading the ground, has
been about $6,460, which has been defrayed
to the extent of $5,000 from the Legacy of
Jesse George, deceased.
The girls' play shed, being found too much
exposed in the winter season, for the accom-
modation of the children during the perform-
ance of the physical exercises, which they
practise at stated times for the benefit of their
health, under the charge of one of the teachers,
an enclosure of movable glass sash has been
placed on the south side, which proves a satis-
factory remedy.
Additional stoves and heating apparatus
were provided in the autumn throughout
those portions of the School buildings, which
had proved deficient in heat during previous
severe winters, and, it is believed, that no
further difficulty in this respect need be felt
in future, with ordinary care.
The average health of the pupils has been
good during the past year; but one case of
serious illness having occurred since last re-
port.
The Committee have regretted to observe
a growing practice of removing children from
the School prior to the close of the sessions
on the ground of ill health, or for other rea-
sons, but sometimes without sufficient cau-^e.
During the summer of 1873, seventeen, and
the past winter, thirteen girls were taken
away before the close of the terra.
The effect of this, is to unsettle the remain-
ing pupils, and to interfere with the progress
of the classes in their studies.
We would advise, that such removals should
only be made on the recommendation of a
Physician, and the concurrence of the Super-
intendent in its propriety, in accordance with
the printed rule on the subject.
It is with satisfaction that we allude to the
general good conduct of the pupils of both
sexes since last report. Their progress in
study has been satisfactory, and the industry
and efficiency of the teachers in their several
departments commendable.
The proposition to raise a fund for the in-
crease of the Teachers' Salaries, as suggested
to the Yearly Meeting in 1873, has been met
with a generous response by many members
of it, and in some Monthly Meetings, by quite
general subscriptions. The sum of $43,453 50
has been subscribed and reported up to this
date, and $35,273 50 has been paid into the
Treasurer's hands, and invested. This timely
aid has already enabled the Committee to in-
crease the salaries of most of the teachers to
a more satisfactory amount, and gives them
the long-sought for opportunity to offer the
incentive of a liberal remuneration to those
who may exhibit proper qualifications as in-
structors of youth.
We would again call the attention of our
young Friends to this vocation, as one justly
claiming their consideration in the selection
of a business. No more honorable or useful
employment probably could be engaged in,
and few that afford so large a scope for influ
ence over others, and the" exercise of varied
talents.
We gratefully acknowledge the gift, by a
Friend to the School, of securities to the
amount of $20,000. When the income on
them becomes available, it is to bo appro
priated strictly for educational purposes; viz.,
the purchase of books for the library, text
books for pupils, maps, philosophical appa-
ratus, and salaries of teachers. The income
of a part of this fund, will be received by the
School in the course of this year; on the bal-
ance it will be postponed for some years more.
From another Friend, we have received an
acceptable donation of $20,000, in cash. The
income only of this liberal gift is to be used,
and is to be applied to the same purposes as
the above.
Our friends Aaron and Susanna F. Sharp-
less, who have very acceptably filled the
stations of Superintendent and Matron, since
1869, have now resigned their positions. It
is with feelings of regret that we relinquish
the valued services of these Friends. The
fidelity and judgment with which they have
discharged the responsible duties pertaining
to those offices have been fully appreciated.
Benjamin W. and Rebecca G. Passmore,
having offered to fill the vacancies thus occa-
sioned, have been accepted b3'the Committee,
and it is expected they will enter on the dis-
charge of their duties at the opening of the
Summer session.
A change has been made in the course of
instruction, by combining branches of study
of a similar character, heretofore taught by
different teachers, more generally undor one ;
so that each t- acher has subjects of a kindred
nature under his charge. This arrangement
has proved advantageous.
The usual care has been bestowed by the
Committee in stated visits to the Schools, as
well as to the religious meetings regularly
held on First and Fifth-days. Those meetings
have also not unfrequently been visited at
other times. We have been led into sympathy
with both the officers and pupils when col-!
lected for the purpose of Divine worship, feel-
ing the youth and inexperience of the chil-
dren, and that such occasions are among the
most solemn and important that we can en
gage in. An exercise has been felt from time
to time, that those assembled may be im-
pressed according to their capacity, with a
due sense of the nature of true spiritual wor-
ship, and experience a preparation of heart to
participate therein. That thus their assem-
blies may be owned and crowned by our great
High Priest, and thej^ reap the benefits of
reverent waiting upon Him.
We trust that at seasons, the hearts of some
of the children have been tendered on these
and other occasions under the renewed visita
tions of heavenly love, and we ma}' hope that
the impressions thus made may prove lasting
and result in a more general love for, and ob-
servance of our Christian principles and testi-
monies. The Institution will fail of one of
its original objects, if the minds of the pupils
are not so influenced. It is our continued de
sire, that there may be a united religious en
gagement on the part of those employed in
its management, to conduct it in the fear of
the Lord, watching against innovations in
what may be esteemed small things by some,
and to let their own example conform to their
profession. As this is realised, we may hum-
bly trust, the instruction received in it will
continue to be of permanent benefit to many.
The Committee are satisfied that the labors
of the care-takers would be much lessened, if
there was a more hearty and united co-opera-
tion on the part of those who place their chil-
dren at the School, in the maintenance of the
neces->ary rules for its government. They
would, therefore, encourage such to make
themselves acquainted with them, and enjoin
the observance of them upon their cJuldren.
THE FRIEND.
379
Notwithstanding the difBcultios which at-
tend the conducting of this Seminary, where
there is so great diversity of disposition and
hibits among the jiupils, yet thi^ beneficial in-
fluence which it has had upon the chihlren of
members of our Yearly Meeting, should en-
courage those to whose care it is committed,
faithfully to maintain it in conforrait}' with
our religious principles and teNlimonies, not
doubting as this is done in humility, the Di-
vine blessing will continue to rest upon it.
On behalf of the Committee,
Samuel Morris, Clerk.
Philadelphia, 4th mo. ISth, 1874.
Star Streams.
(Coutinuod from page 370.)
At the end of the last century astronomers
recognized in the solar system a mechanism
of an uniform and sj-mraetrical character.
Around a central orb they saw revolving a
family of dependent globes, vast in their ab-
solute dimensions, but minute in comparison
with the massive globe which sways their
movements. Amongst these bodies they saw
several attended upon bj' yet smaller globes,
forming secondary systems, which resemble
in many respects the great system of which
the Sun is the controlling centre. The late
discovery of Uranus had led them to recog-
nize the possibility that beyond the known
planets there may exist others, perhaps by no
means the least important members of the solar
system. Little was known, however, that
differed in kind from what had been ktiown
to Aratus, Hipparchu^, or Piolemy. When
we have named the ring of Saturn and a few
periodic comets, which were look.-d on rather
as accidental solar attendants than as forming
a normal feature of the system, we have men-
tioned all that the last three centuries had re-
vealed which differed in character from what
had been recognized for two thousand years.
Very startling is the contrast when we turn
to consider the views at present held respect-
ing the solar domain. We no longer see a
system which, however complex, might yet
be very adec^uately represented by human
mechanisms. We recognize, within a sphere
exceeding manifold in diameter the orbit of
distant Neptune, a variety and complexity of
formation of which the human mind is unable
to form adequate conceptions.
The increase in the number of primary at-
tendants upon the Sun, though far from being
the most remarkable discovery which has
been made during the present century, is well
worth dwelling upon for a moment. Latelj'
the 98th asteroid was discovered (1869*), and
yet it was but on the opening day of the cen
tury that the first of these bodies was dis-
covered. In these new members of the solar
system we recognize characteristics which
had not hitherto bet^n presented to the notice
of astronomers. We see a series of bodies,
primaries of the planetary sj-stem, which yet,
instead of travelling in distinct and widely-
separated orbits, revolve in paths closely in-
terwoven. Even when but forty had been
discovered it was truly said that if each orbit
were represented by a hoop, it would be im-
possible to lift any one of these hoops without
lifting the whole set. We may fairly assume
that for each discovered asteroid there are to
be reckoned tens, perhaps hundreds, which
will remain for ever undiscovered.
It has been found, also, that there exist
within the solar system myriads of dependent
comets. Eevolving around the Sun in orbits
of the most varied figure, differing among
themselves in size and character, and present-
ing— some of them — the most singular pheno-
mena that have ever rewarded astronomical
ob-ervation, these objects remain among the
mysteries of science. The only two which
have as yet been submitted to the searching
analysis of the spectroscope are found to con-
sist of a gaseous nucleus attended by a coma
which probably shines by reflected light; but
whether this is the case with all or even the
generality of comets it would be assuming too
much to assert.
The most remarkable feature of modern
astronomical discovery remains yet to be men-
tioned. A phenomenon which men had long
been in the habit of looking upon as a meteor-
ological one has been at length recognized
in its true light, and has been fnund wonder-
fully to enhance our appreciation of the cora-
plexitj- of the systems which exist within the
solar domain. Meteors, shooting-stars, and
aerolites have taken their place among the
attendants of the Sun ; and in several instances
the orbits they have followed before they
reached the earth have been approximately
determined.
Bnt it is rather as members of systems than
as individual bodies, that these objects acquire
their chief interest and meaning. There was
not much, perhaps, to attract attention to
them when they were supposed to form one
or two rings occupying a position in space
very nearl}' coincident with that of the earth's
orbit. But it has novv been placed beyond a
doubt that the earth encounters fifty-six sys-
tems, at least, of these small bodies. And
these systems are found (in the only instances
yet examined) to be — not circular rings — but
ovals of great eccentricity extending far into
space — even in some cases beyond the orbits
of Uranus and Neptune. It is clear, then,
that we can no longer look on these systems
as resembling, in the remotest degree, the as-
teroidal zone. We are forced, too, to take
into consideration an important cjuestion of
probability. What is the likelihood that if
there were but a few hundreds of such sys-
tems, the earth would encounter so many as
fifty-six? The probability may be reckoned
"almost at naked nothing." And therefore
we are compelled to admit as a legitimate a
posteriori deduction, the extreme probability,
we may almost say the certainty, that such
systems are to be reckoned — not by hundreds
and thousands — but by millions on millions.
Nor is this all. Within the last few months
the startling discovery has been made that
two of the meteoric systems at least, aud pro-
bably many others, coincide throughout their
calculated extent with the orbits of known
comets. Accordingly we are led to trace an
intimate connection, if n(it an absolute iden-
tity, between comets and shooting-star sys-
tems. And when we find that a sj-stem,
which has afforded such grand displays of
star-falls as the well-known November shoot-
ing-star system, isidentified — not with a large
and conspicuous comet — but with one which
has only lately been detected, though it must
have been in close proximity to the earth
some thirty times during the last thousand
years, with a comet, in fact, which is abso
* The number now known is \?il.
scopes, we are led to recognize the import-
ance of such comets as Newton's, lialley's,
and Donati's.
The result to which these considerations
lead is clearly this: —
The interplanetary spaces, so farfrom being
looked upon as untenanted, save by an occa-
sional wandering comet, must bo considered
as crowded with various forms of cosmical
matter. 1 would not be understood as using
the term " crowded" in a sense implj-ing abso-
lute proximity between the various members
of the cometic or meteoric systems. On the
contrary, the evidence that we have assures
us that the sum of the volumes of all the mem-
bers of a system must bear an indefinitely
small proportion to the total space occupied
by the system. But if an eye, armed with
new powers of vision, and placed at some fur
distant point, could see at one glance all the
systems which occupy the solar domain, they
would appear as a complicated network form-
ed by interlacing streams of cosmical dust.
And amidst the streams of misty light repre-
senting cometic or meteoric syst'-ms, the
planets would shine forth as distinctly and as
brilliantly as the brighter stars upon the back-
ground of the Milky Waj-.
There is no reason whatever for supposing
that there are not multitudes of undetected
comets whoso perihelia lie far neurer to the
Sun than any yet discovered. On the con-
trary, we have distinct evidence of a rapid in-
crease in the number of perihelia, with de-
crease of distance down to and within the
neighborhood of the earth's orbit; and, re-
meinbering the probability that comets whose
perihelia lie nearer to the Sun would escape
observation altogether, we have every reason
for supposing that this law of increase is con-
tinued— as why should it change? — right up
to the immediate neighborhood of the Sun.
And further, we may confidentlj- assume that
that obedience to planetary laws which, as we
havo seen, begins to be exhibited by comets
within the orbit of Saturn, becomes j'et more
marked among comets nearer to the Sun.
Therefore, it seems highly probable that co-
metic orbits, and especially those which are
nearest to the Sun, show a marked tendency
towards aggregation near the medial plane of
the solar system.
A celestial phenomenon, of which we have
not hitherto spoken, appears to gain a far
easier explanation from the considerations
above adduced, than from the theories ordi-
narily adopted respecting it. The zodiacal
light has been accounted for in three waj-s.
There are some who hold that it is an atmo-
sphere of the sun; others that it consists of a
ring of cosmical particles, travelling around
him in a nearly circular orbit; and others
that it consists of a lenticular disc of cosmical
dust, each portion of which travels in a nearly
circular orbit. The remarkable phenomena
presented by the zodiacal light, its strangely
fluctuating figure, its varying po>ition, and
the singular increase and diminution noticed
in its distinctness, are not accounted for by
any of these theories. But if we recognize in
the zodiacal light merely the effect of the
above-considered aggregation among the co-
metic or meteoric systems which exist within
the solar domain, the variations I have men-
tioned become readily explicable. A multi-
tude of bodies travelling in orbits of every
lutely invisible to th'e naked eye, and far from degree of ellipticity and magnitude, but with
being a conspicuous object in powerful tele- 1 a marked aggregation in the neighborhood of
380
THE FRIEND.
the Sun, and wiih a yi^t more marked aggre-
gation in the neighborhood of the medial plane
of the solar sj'stem, would, in the first place,
exhibit preciirely such an appearance as the
zodiacal light; and, in the second place, the
general illumination resulting from the con-
gregated comets would be liable to continual
variation. Comets would be continually arriv-
ing within and passing away from the region
within which their light would assist in form-
ing the appearance wo are considering. At
one time the press of arrivals would tempor
arily increase the density of cometic aggrega
tion ; at another, the reverse would hold for a
while, and the zodiacal light would wax and
wane accordingly, precisely as it is observed
to do. So also its figure and apparent posi-
tion would be liable to changes corresponding
to those which are actually presented. There-
fore, without denying positively that the zo-
diacal light is caused by the existence of a
multitude of minute bodies travelling in orbits
of small eccentricity around the Sun, 1 hold
that the phenomena correspond far more
closely with those which would bo presented
if there is in the neighborhood of the Sun a
great increase in the density with which
cometic and meteoric sj'stems are congregated
together in the neighborhood of the medial
plane of the solar system. And this corre-
spondence becomes a strong argument in
favor of such an increase of density when it
is remembered that, as wo have seen, there
exist independent reasons for believing an
aggregation of this sort to be not only possi-
ble, but highly probable.
But whatever opinion we may form on this
and kindred questions, there is no dubiet}'
whatever about the general results which
have been presented above. Our conceptions
of the solar domain are different, indeed, from
tho.se formed of old. " There was true pro-
phec}-," as has been well remarked by the late
Professor IS'ichol, " in the exclamation of La
place, who, although knowing more of the
celestial mechanism than any man then living,
said earnestly, on his death bed, 'That which
we know is little ; that which wo know not is
imm.en8e."'
(To be continued.)
Selected.
Hhort account of Hannah Ludgater, taken from
the ^d volume of Piety Promoted.
This Friend, who was the wife of Eobert
Ludgater, of Coggeshall in Essex, had hei-
education among Friends; but in her early
days she left the Society, and frequented othei
places of worship. In this unsettled state, it
pleased the Father of Mercies to enlighten
her understanding; so that through the power-
ful operation of his love, she saw wherein she
had missed her way, became again united to
Friends, and in due time her mouth was
opened to tell others what she had felt, and
to invite them to come, taste, and see how
good the Lord is. In this service she was
engaged to travel both before and after her
marriage.
She resided for some time in the Isle of
Wight, and afterwards, on her first coming
to London, lived as housekeeper with a per-
son not in religious profession with Friends;
where her innocent and virtuous deportment
gained her much esteem, and the Society for
her sake. She was an atfeciionate wifi-, and
much concerned to promote the discipline of
Friends among her own sex, and was a true
helper to her brethren ; of a weighty and dis
cerning spirit, accompanied with diligence in
laboring for the advancement of Truth ; though
often pressing through great discouragements
arising from bodily infirmities, which fre-
quently rendered her incapable of attending
meetings. She suffered great pain of body
for the last six months of her life, under which
trial her patience and resignation manifested
the happy efi^ects of faithful labor in the day
of ability. Being steadfast in her dependence
on the author of her faith, she had at times
access to the fountain of life; under the sen
sible enjoyment whereof, she said, "O how I
long to be relieved; I have no doubt but I
shall be mercifully relieved." To a friend who
visited her, she said, " I have been in a good
degree faithful in our meetings, and have not
to charge myself with omitting one journey,
when it was made known to be my duty. O
how have we gone forth poor and empty ; yet
we have not lacked : the Supporter hath been
near and richly furnished."
She departed this life the 28Lh of Third
month, aged about sixty-five years.
• p
Shipping £lfpiiants.
A Calcutta newspaper says ; The hoisting
into the air and lowering elephants into the
hold of a ship is not only an unusual sight to
most men, but also a strange experience to
most elephants. They were lashed wiih
strong ropes, slung as far as practicable in
slings, hoisted up with crane with three-fiot
tackle, and lowered into the steamer's hold
like a bale of cotton. When in the hold, they
were placed in pens built of strong teak tim
ber bulks, bolted to the ship's side to prevent
ihem breaking loose. The fear the animals
suffered was the only pain they underwent,
and by watching the eyes of the poor beasts
their terror was very manifest. Tears trickled
down their mild countenances, and they
roared with dread, more especially when being
lowered into the hold, the bottom of which
was sanded for them to stand upon. We are
told that one female elephant actually fainted,
and was brought to with a fan and many
gallons of water. At sea it appears that they
got into a curious habit of occasionally —
evidently with a preconcerted signal — setting
to work rocking the ship from side to side,
by giving themselves, simultaneously, a swing
motion as they stood athwart the ship, the
vessel rolling heavily, as if in a seaway. This
they would do for a spell of an hour or more,
and then desist for several hours until the
strange freak took them again. When they
reached port they were hoisted out of the
hold and swam on shore, thirty-five being thus
safely landed without any accident whatever.
When they were released from the slings it
was a supreme moment for the mahout, who
was always on the elephant's neck from tlie
time of its touching the water to letting go.
As the word was given to let go, each of the
elephants, either from lightness of his heart
at being freed from his floating prison, or
from his own weight, we are not sure which —
lightness of heart, like lightness of head,
causes elephants and men to plaj' pranks —
plunged down deej) into the water, the ma-
hout on his neck. The anxiety on the face
of the mahout just one second beloro the
plunge was a study; so, to), was it when
elephant and man rose to the surface again,
the former blowing water from his trunk and
the latter from his nose.
TOO LATE.
Morn's palpitating wings did smite
And fan to fijme
The starry embers of the night.
From sun-riae hills surpassing sweet
New throbs of air
Poured over me from head to feet.
An angel whispered; " It is morn,
Get to thy work,
And gather in Ood's golden corn !"
"Go bind the yellow sheaves of love
For Him who keeps
The limitless garner-house above."
But wrapped in sweet repose I lay
Delightedly
Through the full measure of the day.
Then, as night came, my languor fled,
I sprang to work :
"There's naught to do," the angel said,
"For the strong reapers of the morn
Have swept the fields,
And now bear home God's golden corn."
Selected.
Selected. '
"SPEAK, LORD, THY SERVANT HEARS."
Speak, Lord, Thy servant heareth,
Thy gentle voice I know,
Thou dost not chasten gladly.
Thou bear'st Thy children's woe,
And often midst their anguish,
And thro' their falling tears, '
The quick reply is ready —
" Speak, Lord, Thy servant hears."
The waves of sorrow gather.
The tempest thickens round,
The mountain tops are covered,
No olive-leaf is found :
Yet still will we remember ^
Thy love in former years.
We listen for Tliy still, small voice —
" Speak, Lord, Thy servant hears."
There is an Ark of refuge.
There is the Sacred Dove —
Thy Holy Spirit, o'er the soul
Is breathing words of love:
And tho' the night continueth long.
We hope amid our fears.
Thy " Peace, be still," will soon go forth,
" Speak, Lord, Thy servant hears."
How often when Thy voice is heard,
Amid the cares of life.
We lose its gentle teaching
Mid restlessness and strife ;
Then in the hallowed chamber
Thy watchful care appears;
All bushed the spirit learns to say
"Speak, Lord, Thy servant hears."
We thank Thee, Heavenly Father,
That thus Thou deigns to guide,
When in the silence of the soul
No voice is heard beside.
Oh! teach ns still to follow on
Alike through smiles and tears,
And still in childlike trust reply,
" Speak, Lord, Thy servant hears."
» •
On leaving Bath, I was persuaded that not-
withstanding the great dissipation abounding
in the place, the Lord hath a considerable
number of sincere hearted, seeking childrea
there, though our Society is indeed, at a very
low ebb. Looking back at my visit among
the people, thankfulness covered my mind,
that the Lord had preserved me, as I hum-
bly hope, from wounding the blessed cause
of Truth, which is at times, above all things
dear to me. I had dreaded going there, but
was convinced that the Lord is sufficient for
bis own work. — William Savery, 1798.
Blessed be the Lord God, the God of Israel,
who only doeth wondrous things.
THE FRIEND.
381
JIfW Remedy for Hydrophobia.
A new, eimplo, and, as it in fluted, infallible
■emedy for hydrophobia has been recently
)ublished in the Salut PuhUque of Lyons, and
IS its author is a physician (Dr. Buisson), it
)robably merits more attention than the nu-
nerous remedies which crop up ])eronnially,
ike buttercups in a meadow. The terrible
liseaso which apparently invariably follows
looner or later the bite of a mad dog, is as
leemingly fatal as the envenomed fang of the
obra dicapello; for it has defied alike the
ikill of the ph3-sician and the surgeon, and
,he Materia Mediea has been ransacked in
rain lor a drug to counteract the etfecls of the
rirus upon the blood. Under these circum-
tances, it is not surprising that everj^ village
)arberand the gossijis of the countryside have
in abiding faith in that one of the hundred
eni'-dies which they have heard described as
nfallible b}^ their ancestors, and the marvel-
ous cures eftVeted by which they are never
ired of repeating. Many of these so-called
eraedies are of the most ridiculous character,
ind we are afraid that a majority of those
The read the description of Dr. Buisson's
■emedy will regard it as equally ridiculous.
Jut the rationale of Dr. Buisson's method
leeras based on something more than its sira
)licity. It consists, in effect, of eliminating
he poison, or, at least, rendering it itiert by
)Qttingthe patientinloa profuse perspiration.
Chus, his directions are that when a person
las been bitten by a mad dog be must, for
leven successive days, take a vapor bath of
»7 to 63° C. (134 to 144° Fahr.) This he calls
he preventive remedy. When, however, the
Hsease has declared itself, which we presume
will in future happen only when the preven-
ive remedy has been neglected, he states that
t is sufficient to take one vapor bath in which
he temperature is made to rise rapidly to
57° C. (98° Fahr.) and then slowly to 53° C.
127° Fahr.), the patient keeping his room
ill the cure is complete. The simplest form
)f vapor bath is quite as effectual as the most
ilaborate. A few red-hot bricks jilaced in a
Jail of water over which the patient siis on a
jaue-bottomed chair, a large blanket covering
lim in, from his shoulders down to the floor,
s both simple and handy, and will answer the
jurpose admirably.
Dr. Buisson's remedy is the outcome of his
)wn experience, for he is personally acquaint-
jd with the first stage of hydrophobia, and
ivith the marvellous effects of the bath. It
ieems that he once attended a female patient
n the last stage of the madness, and impru-
iently wiped his hands on a handkerchief
Impregnated with her saliva. A slight abra-
jiion on one of his fingers warned him of his
ijarelessness : but confident in the powers of
jais bath, he merely washed the part with
water, and believing, as he then did, that the
aaalady would not declare itself till the fortieth
lay, he performed his usual routine of visits,
fee. On the ninth day, however, he began to
iuffer the consequences of bis neglect ; for he
^elt a pain in his throat, and a greater one in
lis eyes. His body seemed so light that he
'elt he could jump a prodigious height, or that
f thrown out of the window, he would be able
.0 sustain himself in the air. Saliva kept
'orming in his mouth continuously; even a
jlight movement of the air inflicted pain upon
lira, and he was compelled to avoid the sight'
jf brilliant objects. He had a desire to run'
ind bite, not human beings, but animals and
objects near him. He drank with difficulty,
and observed that the sight of water distressed
him more than the pain in his throat ; whence
ho thinks that by shutting the ej'os any one
suffering from h3-drophobia can always drink.
The fits came on ovory five minutes, and
thinking his course was then preservative,
not curative, he took a bath, and found that
when it had reached a temperature of 52° 0.
( 125° Fahr.), the symptoms disappeared as if
l>y magic, and never reappeared. Since then,
ho has attended more than SO persons bitten
by mad animals, and has not lost a single case.
In his own case, this evidence is, of course, of
the negative character ; for there is no proof
of an attack of rabies, but merely symptoms
of it, which might have yielded to other
remedies. Still, of the 80 cases mentioned it
is not possible to assume that they were all
of this character; and bearing in mind the
number of deaths that do occur from the bites
of mad animals, we must allow that a percent-
age of these ca<es were bona fide cases of hy-
drophobia, and were consequently cured by
the vapor bath. The effects of violent exer
cise and profuse perspiration in enabling the
constitution to throw off the effect of poisons
are well known, for instances are on record
of fever patients and others being cured by
the violent exercise they have taken during
delirium. The effects of the bite of the Taran-
tula are said to be overcome by dancing, and
amongst the cases mentioned by Dr. Buisson
is that of an American who, while some eight
leagues(?) from home, was bitten by a rattle-
snake, and, wishing to die in the bosom of his
family, ran the greater part of the distance,
and on getting to bed, perspired profusely-,
and ^bund himself cured. We do not, how-
ever, put much faith in those alleged "cures;"
siill. Dr. Buisson's remedy is so simple that
there is no trouble in trying it ; and if the re-
sult is not satisfactory to the patient, that is
only what is to be expected from any of the
other suggested remedies. — Eng. Mechanic.
I have been led to think that the only sub-
stantial source of consolation in times of
trouble, is a firm and abiding faith in our
Maker and Redeemer. Whatever anguish a
sincere Christian may groan under, whatever
wretchedness is permitted to come upon him,
yet, "let him trust in the name of the Lord
and stay upon bis God." Let us then, in the
midst of the most acute and poignant grief,
never despair, but rather with upright Job,
let us endeavor to attain to that lowly, sub-
missive frame of soul, which leads us to com-
mit ourselves to the disposal of an Almighty
Creator and Merciful Father. — J. Barclay.
•>■♦
Michael Lahy who lately graduated from
the Pittsfield high school at the age of tvventy-
one is a remarkable young man. When a
child, while plaj'ing on the railroad track, he
was run over by a train and it was necessary
to amputate both arms so close to the shoul-
derthat no perceptible stumps are left. Never-
theless he has persevered in his studies, has
not been absent or tardy once in his four years'
course at the high school, and has become
a proficient in the highest branches there
taught, turning the leaves of his book with
his tongue. He has also acquired a very
legible and even handsome style of penman-
ship— which he executes with his mouth. E.
F. Curtis, his teacher, obtained a reputation
in teaching soldiers who had lost their right
hands to write with the left, but until he tried
he did not conceive it possible to teach Lahy,
who had neither right nor left, to use the pen.
Lahy has for years been a reader of the most
useful books in the library at the Athenaium,
and having bravely and jiatientlj- done all ho
could to fit himself for life, is now seeking an
opportunity to earn a livelihood.
Silk Culture in Caiifornia.
The San Jose (Cal.) Mercury, gives the fol-
lowing description of the silk culture, as car-
ried on in Santa Clara County of that State.
'•William Paul's ranch of 2()0 acres is locat-
ed on the northwestern border of the town.
It contains 7,000 mulberry trees, 250 fruit
trees of different varieties, 2,000 grapevines,
about 50 acres in grain, and the remainder in
hay and jiasture. For several years Wm.
Paul has made a specialty of silk growing,
for which bu.-iness this soil and climate is
specially adapted. A short description of the
process may not be uninteresting. We are
to suppose that the mulberry trees are suffi-
ciently grown to furnish food for the worms.
" The first thing is to hatch the eggs. This
is accomplished by placing them in a case
with a tin bottom, arranged with shelves like
a bookcase ; this case is heated hy means of
a spirit-lamp placed underneath, at first to 20
degrees Centigrade or 75 degrees Fahrenheit;
the temperature is increased each da^' by
placing a sheet of paper under the lamp, thus
gradually elevating it until the theremometer
marks the required heat. If the eggs are
good they will hatch in from ten to twelve
days. When they begin to hatch thej- will
nearly all come out in one day ; a (ii\\\ how-
ever, will not hatch until the second Awj. If
the eggs have been exposed to variable tem-
perature during the winter, a longer time will
be required. Before the eggs are placed in
the case, however, they must be lathed.
This is done by placing them in salt water,
in the proportion of half a pound of salt to a
gallon of water, if the eggs are old; if new, -
the proportion of salt is reduced one-half.
They remain in the bath about five hours, and
then are rinsed in fresh water seven or eight
times.
"After the young worms are out they are
placed on shelves in a well-ventilated apart-
ment, with the temperature kept uniform at
from 18 to 20 degrees Reaumur, and fed every
three hours during the day, and at least once
in every four hours during the night. In
feeding j'oung worms the mulberry leaves
must be cut up almost as tine as liair ; as they
get older and stronger the leaves are fed with
little or no cutting. The leaves are picked at
least twelve hours before feeding. Every day
or two a quantity of refuse leaves accumulates
on the shelves and must be removed. This
is done by laj'ing over the worms sheets of
thick paper perforated with holes large enough
for them to pass through. On the top of the
paper leaves are spread and the worms com-
ing up through the holes to get the feed, can
be lifted to one side and the shelf cleaned out.
Thisprocess also serves to separate the healthy
from the unhealthy worms ; ifa worm is not in
good condition it will not have energy enough
to go through the holes, and can by this
means be detected and rejected.
'• After the worms have been fed eighteen
or twenty daj's they will begin to spin ; this
time is indicated by the appearance of the
worm. If, on holding one up to the light he
382
THE FRIEND.
appears full of water, this is the time fo:- mak-
ing the web. Mustard stalks, with the brush
on them, arc set up between the shelves, the
worms crawl up on them, spin a web, roll
themselves up in it and spin another web on
the inside, thus forming the cocoon. With
good attention and under favorable circum-
stances this process requires about twelve
or thirteen daj's ; if the weather is very warm
it will require about eighieen days. This can
be ascertained by shaking the cocoon; if it
rattles the worm has finished it ; if not it is
eith-T unfinished or the worm is dead ; and by
opening one or two cocoons you can tell what
is the matter. If silk is the object, the cocoons
are then picked and placed in an oven with
a sufficient temperature to kill the chrysalis ;
but if it is intended to raise eggs, the cocoons
are placed on a table, the ragged tndsof silk
picked off carefully, and the InitterHy allowed
te eat its wiiy out. As the butterflies come
out the males and females are pared off and
placed in a dark, cool room, on sheets of pa-
per, letting them remain about si.x hours.
The males are then destroj'ed, and the females
placed on linen cloth, stretehej vertically.
They are placed on the upper edge of the
cloth, about a quarter of an inch apart, and
lay their eggs as they descend ; each piece of
cloth is marked with its weight before the
eggs are placed on it, and by weighing it after
the eggs are deposited, the weight of the eg^s
can be ascertained. The butterflies should
be handled only by boj-s or girls, their hands
being more tender than those of adults. They
are allowed to remain on the cloth but one
day. One butterfly will produce about 500
eggs, and there are about 50,000 eggs in an
ounce. These eggs will keep several years,
and, if they are known to be good, can be
readily sold for $8 per ounce ; but if they are
not well known, cannot generally be sold at
any price. Three average trees will furnish
feed for an ounce of eggs. The superintendent
of Win. Paul's silk business, is Signor Paolo
Consonno, whose family in Milan, before the
Garibuldian troubles, constituted the first silk
house in Italy.
" He says the climate and soil in this locality
is much belter adapted to sericulture than
that of France or Italy ; that our leaves con-
tain more sugar and resin, two primary ele-
ments, than those of any other country. It
is necessary for every farmer to set out a few
trees, and either raise his own cocoons or sell
the leaves to others. By doing a little everj'
year the country would in a short time work
into an industry that would give profitable
employment to thousands of men, women and
children, and add immensely to our general
wealth. He estimates that an average boy
can thoroughly learn all the details of silk-
growing in two seasons. If one member of
each family should take the trouble to do this,
he could take charge of a few worms and
trees on his home place, and teach other
members of the family, until in a very short
time the whole hotisehold will be skilful seri-
culturists. Tliis is the way it is done in Eu-
rope, and is the only way in which silk-grow-
ing and silk manufacturing can becoine an
industry of the country. We understand that
Mr. Larco will set up in Mayficld this fall a
machine for reeling silk."
•-•
" Young persons should not only embrace
the admonitions of the aged, but also imitate
their virtues and shun their vices."
Mary Somerviiie Bnd "Mfcaniqiie CMfstf."
The "Personal Recollections" of Mrs. So-
merviiie have doubless revived the interest of
the public in this remarkable woman. It is
our purpose in the present article to trace the
history of this lady in her mathematical stu
dies, by which she qualified herself to read,
understand, and explain the "Mecanique Ce
le^te" — a work of extraordinary merit and un
paralleled difficulty, the product of the great-
est mathematical genius of the ages. This is
the more important since Mrs. Somerville's
great fame and subsequent success mainly
rest on her successful accomplishment of this
work.
Lord Brougham in the year 1827, in the
very month in which La Place, the renowned
author of the above mentioned work, died,
requested Dr. Somerviiie to prevail on his
wife to write an account of the celebrated
work of the French mathematician for the
'■Society for DiA'asing Useful Knowledge."
In his letter he pays a high tribute to her
rare ability in the following words: " In Eng-
land there are not twenty people who know
this great work, except by name, and not a
hundred who know it even by name. Mj' firm
belief is that Mrs. Somerviiie could add two
ciphers to each of these figures." This re-
quest and the flattering terms in which it was
made, greatly surprised Mrs. Somerviiie, and
led her to think that Lord Brougham had
mistaken her abilities. She consented, how-
ever, and set about the task on certain con-
ditions, which bespoke her great modesty.
She remarks; "Thus suddenly and unex
pectedly the whole character and course of
my future life was changed." The result was
the appearance in due time of her worlj en-
titled "Mechanism of the Heavens," which
placed her in the front ranks of the scientific
world. She was courted and feted on every
hand. Everybody was enthusiastic over this
wonderful achievement of woman's genius.
This work was commenced in the forty-
seventh year of her age, amid the responsi-
bilities of domestic life. It seems from her
"Eecollections" that she did not enter on the
study of the higher mathematics, which was
necessary to qualify her to feel her way
through the intricate formula of Celestial
Mechanics, till she was about thirty-three
years of age. Earlier in life she had been
perplexed to find out the meaning of the
strange word "Algebra." "I saw strange
looking lines mixed up with letters, chiefly
x's and y's." Still later she was devouring
Euclid with aviditj', while probably the Fresh-
men of Oxford and Cambridge were eiiijaged
in the "burial service." She says: "I arose
early, played on the piano, and painted dur-
ing the time I could spare in the day-light
hours, but I sat up very late reading Euclid."
The servant told her mother, " It was no
wonder the stock of candles was soon ex-
hausted, for Miss Maiy sat up reading till a
very late hour." (What do the young ladies
of the present generation read by gas light
at a late hour?) Whereupon an order was
given to take away her candle as soon as she
was in bed. She had gone through the six
books of Euclid at this time. She says :
" I was thrown on my memory, which I
exercised by beginning at the first book, and
demonstrating in my mind a certain number
of problems every night, till 1 could nearly
go through the whole." Her father became
alarmed, and said to his wife, " Peg, we must
put a stop to this, or we shall have Marj- i 1
a strait-jacket one of these days." Durin I
her first married life she seems not to hav
accomplished much in her studies. At th!
commencement of her first widowhood, at th'
age of twenty-seven, she had studied plai'
and spherical trigonometry, conic section;
and Fergusson's Astronomy. She now re
sumed her studies with new vigor. Sh
plunged into "Newton's Principia," butfoun'
It difficult. She returned to her task, o
rather diversion, with great assiduity, wrot
numerous notes and observations on the worh
.She had not, however, as yet found the ke;
to the mysteries of La Place. The Englisi
mathematicians, out of regard for NewtOD
still clung to the geometrical methods rathe
than adopt the analj'lical methods of Cob
tinental astronomers. The Calculus as a mean
of mathematical investigation of the pre
blems of ))hysicul astronomy had proved it
superiority. Soon after this, on the recom
mendation of Professor Wallace, of the Un:
versity of Edinburgh, she secured amotf
other works of higher mathematic-'. La Croix'
"Algebra and Differential and Integral Ca!
culu'-*."
Having conquered these, she was prepare
to wade through the interminable formul
and leap the awful chasms found in " M«
canique Celeste." She engaged Professor Wa
lace's brother to read with her this work, ba
soon found that she understood the subjec
as well as he. This gave her confidence ii
her abilities and courage to persevere. Sh
had advanced but little in this work befor
her marriage with Mr. Somerviiie put an eni
to scientific pursuits for a time.
In her second husband she found a com
panion who sympathized with her in he
studies, though she was not free from inter
ference from some of his relatives. One o
her husband's sisters, younger than herseli
wrote her an impertinent letter, saying " sh
hoped she would give up her foolish manne
of life and studies, and make a respectable ani
useful wife to her brother." As might be ex
pected, she resented such impertinence.
We know not how soon after her marriag'
she resumed her great work. We find her culti
vating the fine arts, taking lessons in minei
alogy and botany. She is mingling in th
society of the greatest astronomers, J. Here
chel and Caroline Herschel. She gives a re
mark of Veitch, who was somewhat annoyet
by the various questions of his many visitor
who were not skilled in science: " Wha
should they do but ask silly questions, whei
they spend their lives in doing nothing bu
' spatting muslin ?' "
About five j-ears after her marriage at th'
age of thirty-seven, she seems to have com
ploted the reading of " Mecanique Celeste
Arago and Biot, distinguished French phil
osophers, were in London, and Mrs. Somer
ville was invited to meet them. They ha(
been told of her turn for science, and that sh'
had read the works of La Place. Biot ex
pressed his surprise at her j-outh. Sometim'l
after this she had the great pleasure, while oil
a visit to France, to make the acquaintanci'
of the celebrated man whose genius she wa'
prepared to ai)preciate after }'(ars of study o
ills works. Arago had told La Place alsi
that Mrs. Somerviiie had read the Mecaniqu'
Celeste." "So they had a great deal of con
versation about astronomj'."
We find her at this time in the midst o
THE FRIEND.
383
brilliant constellation of French savan.<;,
mong whom she seems to bo a star of the
rst ma<;nitude. Besides La Place, Biot,
.rago, Bouvard, Poifson, and others make up
lie cotnpanj-. Such were the training, the
ardships, the successes, which prepared Mrs.
omerville to accept of the invitation of Lord
Irougham to write a work on Celc'^tial Me-
hanics, which has given her a lasting Jarne,
ot only as a woman of extraordinary genius,
at an eminent scientist.
She was perfectly astonished at her success,
lonors and commendatory letters poured in
pon her from every quai-ter. The professors
f astronomy at Cambridge set about making
rrangements to introduce her book in the
nrricalum of the University. Among her
lany honors she esteemed none more highly
ban that of being elected honorary member of
he '■ Royal Astronomical Society" at the same
ime as Caroline Herschel, herself a distin-
uished astronomer. And what is perhaps
aost remarkable of all, is the fact that she
stained her wonderful mathematical powers
fter she had entered her ninelies. It is re-
reshing to find in these days of scientific
epticism that Mrs. Somerville maintained a
irotound belitf in the truths of religion. "No-
hing has afforded me so convincing a proof
f the unity of the Deity as these purely men-
al conceptions of numerical and mathemati-
lal science which have been by slow degrees
ouchsafed to man, and are still granted in
bese latter times by the Differential Calculus,
low superseded by the Higher Algebra, all
>f which must have existed in that sublimely
imniscient Mind from eternity." — The Chris-
ian Advocate.
Selected.
Glory not in riches, though they increase
ipon tbee; nor in thy friends, because tbey
ire powerful; but glory in God, who giveth
,bee riches, and friends, and all things; and,
jrhat i.s more than all, desireth to give tbee
limself. Be not vain of the gracefulness,
itrength, and beauty of thy body, which a
ittle sickness can weaken and deform. Please
lot thyself with flattering refieetions on the
icuteness of thy natural wit, and the sweet-
less of thy natural disposition, lest thou dis
Dlease God, who is the author of all the good
;hat nature can dispen.se. Do not think thou
irt better than others, lest, in the sight of
od, who only knoweth what is in man, thou
DC found worse. Be not proud of that in
which thou art supposed to excel, howevi-r
honored and esteemed by men ; for the judg-
ment of Gild and the Judgment of men are in-
initely different; and that displeaseth Him
iwhich is commonly pleasing to them. What-
:5ver good thou art truly conscious of, think
more highly of the good of others, that thou
I'mayest preserve the humility of thy spirit;
to place thyself lower than all mankind, can
jdo thee no hurt; but much hui't maj' be done,
by preferring thyself to a single individual.
Perpetual peace dwelleth with the humble,
but envy, ioilignation, and wrath, distract the
heart of the proud. — Thomas A'Kempis.
" Our birthright in the Society of Friends,
and the privileges which attach to it, may
justly be compared to a precious inheritance
purchased for us by the stripes and sufferings
of our ancestors : it becomes us therefore, to
set a proportionate value upon it, and permit
.nothing to rob us of ao rich a treasure."
Frnm "The National Baptist."
The " Heathen Chinee" and Ihe Jewel Consistency.
Sixteen thousand citizens of California have
sent by their senator a petition to Congress,
praying it to take such measures as will pre
vent Chinese immigration. Mr. Sargent, in
presenting the petition enlarged upon the
evils of paganism, and foretold the time when
the government would find it necessarj- to
act in relation to it.
It does not appear that ho referred to the
fact that Christian cannon blew open the
gates of pagan China, and that these heathen
hordes were let out by the same policy which
let us in.
To them we were the barbarians, and our
religion the unclean thing which threatened
contamination and defilement.
We did not think it worth while to consult
their prejudices, or to heed their laws. We
were resolved on their conversion, and we
sent in one missionary, with the military
power of Great Britian and the United States
at his back, to teach the natives the peacea-
ble ways of righteousness.
We have found it a good thing to establish
trading posts in the cities and sea-])ort8 ol
China and Japan, and to make snug liitle for-
tunes from the products of John's land and
labor. John has learned that it is a good
thing for him to come to us to wash our shirts
at SI. 50 per dozen, or to work upon our high-
ways for a moderate compensation.
Will, we are a people zealous for the Lord,
and a pure faith. We were not alarmed when
our lilack iieathen were imported direct from
Africa, with their superstitions and their idol
atries. We were even amused at the know-
ledge that thej' practiced somewhat secretly
their ancient rites; but then, we trusted that
might be the Lord's method of bringing about
their solvation, and a heathen that is worth
from 81,000 to $1,500 in open market, is not
a bad piece of property. John keeps his
monoj' in his own pocket, and there alwaj-.-
was and always will be a difference " 'Twixt
tweedledum and twcedledee."
We have recently read a letter from a
Chinese resident in the United States to a
lady in our city, and, as the views of one who
speaks from within may be of interest to
those who look at the question from without,
we have obtained permission to make an ex-
tract.
The writer says: "I am connected with
the Chinese Government Educational Mission.
Alter twenty years' persuading that govern-
ment to establish such a mission, to send
youths to this country to be instructed in the
arts and sciences of the Western world, we at
last succeeded, and ihis is the result of our
effort — one hundred and twenty youths are
to spend fifteen years in this country for the
completion of their studies. One million and
a half of money have been appropriated for
this purpose. These boys are doing well in
their studies. I expect to remain with them
all these years, and superintend their edu-
cation. Our students are not selected from
any one city or province. Some are from
Canton, some from Ningpo, and others from
Shanghai. Government calls upon the gentry-
everywhere to send their sons. I think the
Chinese government taking such an import-
ant step as this, is one of the greatest epochs
in the history of China. Do think of a body
of men all highly educated (as would be the
natural consequence) in law, in engineering,
in military and naval tactics, in ship-building,
in medicine, chemistr}', and in other useful
knowledge, to bo the officers who shall exert
an influence in that great em])ire. These will
be the pioneers in Chinese civilization. After
I see these j'oung men, one by one, return to
their native land, I can take up the language
of old Simeon, and say : ' Now lettest thou thy
servant depart, for mine eyes have seen thy
salvation.' Besides, these j-oulh will carry
back with them pure Christian principle, as
well as arts and sciences. Can any one doubt
China's future destiny?" Of the writer's
sons, one is soon to enter Harvard, and
another the scientific school at Yale College.
When we get ready to drive out the in-
dustrious thousands from our Westi-rn coasts,
what shall we do with the hundred and twenty
who arc distributed among our institutions of
learning? And what vvill the "Biolher of
the Star'' think of our Christian philanthropy ?
A good man showeth favor and lendeth ; he.
will guide his affairs with discretion. Surely
he shall not be moved forever; the righteous
shall be in everlasting rrmeinbrarice. He
shall not be afraid of evil tidings: his heart
is fixed, trusting in the Lord.
THE FRIEND.
SEVENTH MONTH 18. 1874.
In the editorial columns of our last issue,
attention was drawn to the imp irlance of
keeping our hearts tipen to the influences of
the Holy Spirit, and living always as in the
Divine Pre.^ence. This was especially pressed
on those who are absent from their usual
honies, seeking relaxation and renewal of
pbj-sical strength at the mountains, or sea-
shore, or other places of summer resort — not
that such care is unnecessary to those wha
remain at their ordinary places of abode, but
because there is greater temptation to travel-
lers to relax in that watchful frame of spiriit,
which is the only safe dwelling place for the
Christian. Since those remarks were written
and printed, a sad occurrence has covered the
minds of a large circle of relatives and friends
with sorrowful and solemn feelings. We al-
lude to the drowning at Atlantic City on the
lOlh inst., of five of our fellow beings, who
were on a sailing excursion on the ocean. The
high wind and heavy seas rendered the boat
unmanagable as it was crossing, on its return
to shore, a bar which projects far out from
the land. The boat was overturned, and of
eight persons in it, only three were rescued
by the vessel sent out for that purpose. The
others, after holding on for a time, were over-
powered by the beating of the waves, and
lost, before the arrival of as-istance. Four of
these were of one family — lather, mother, son
and daughter. The other was a young woman
who had been invited to accompany them in
the excursion.
A few minutes before this blow fell upon them,
it is probable, not one of those who were lost
felt themselves to be in any especial danger —
at least such is the testimony in regard ta
herself of the only woman who was rescued.
How forcibly should this solemn and striking
event press home upon our hearts the injunc-
tions of our Saviour, " In such an hour a-* ye
think not, the Son of man cometh." " What
384
THE FRIEND.
I say unto you, I say unto all, Watch."
" Watch and pray." He who has yielded to
the drawings of the Spirit of God, and given
up his heart to love and serve his lledecmer,
and is endeavoring in his daily walk to live
under a sense of the Divine Presence, and so
to act as may be well-pleasing in His sight,
may go wherever duty calls him ; in bumble
reliance upon Hira whom the winds and the
seas obey, and who will enable ^i^ dependent
and faittiful children to accomplish all that
He dfsigns thej' should perform. This reliance
will not load them rashly to incur needless
danger, but will sustain their minds in every
position into which they are rightly brought;
for though they may feel that their lives are
in peril, and that the work of their redemption
from sin bus not yet been eti'ected, yet their
trust is in Him who is all powerful, and who
can preserve them in every danger, and accom-
plish Hisgracious designs for their everlasting
good. Sincerely do we desire that such may
be the lesson taught to many by this solemn
occurrence ; and that the bereaved relatives
and friends of the deceased may be enabled to
bow in true resignation to the Divine will,
and thus come to feel the sustaining help of
Him, who, when on earth, wept by the grave
of Lazarus, and was touched with the feeling
of our infirmities.
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
Foreign. — By a late collision on the Lancashire and
Yorkshire Railway, five persona were killed and several
others injured.
The London Standard, reviewing the proposed reci-
procity treaty between the United State.s and Canada,
says, if adopted it will establish a separate North
American ZoUverein in regard to all essential articles
of trade between the United States and the Dominion,
excluding England from the Canadian markets like
foreign and less favored nations. The Canadian fron-
tier will be virtually obliterated, and the absorption of
the British North American Provinces by the United
States becomes only a question of time.
Heavy rains have fallen in England greatly benefit-
ing the growing crops. A violent thunder storm passed
over London on the 11th inst., causing some fatal acci-
dents.
London, 7th mo. 13th.— U. S. bonds, 1867, lOSJ. The
rate for money at the Stock Exchange on government
securities is two per cent.
Liverpool. — Red western spring wheat, 10s. 2d. a 10s.
lid. per 100 lbs. Uplands cotton, 8Jd.
Political excitement still runs high in France. An
article in the Figaro's issue of the 1 1th inciting a revolt
against the decisions of the Assembly, occasioned much
irritation among the Deputies. There was a warm de-
bate on the sutiject, during which it was announced that
the Figaro had been suspended for two weeks. A mem-
ber of the extreme Left moved that the writer of tlie
objectionable article be called to the bar of the House,
and accused the government of partiality in its punish-
ment of offending journals. The motion was rejected
after a speech by Gambetta, in which he intimated that
the Assembly was a corpse fit for the grave digger.
The Left Centre anticipates a majority of fifteen for
Cassimir Perrier's bill which proposes the organization
of a definite Republic.
The Committee of Thirty have appointed sub-com-
mittees to draw up bills on the organization of the
executive powers and the establishment of a Senate.
The London Times' special dispatch from Paris says,
that the Right and Left Centres have agreed upon the
order of tlie day declaring that the Assembly is deter-
mined to defend Marshal MacMahon's powers from
every attack of their opponents.
The Cabinet still has a majority of fifty in the As-
sembly, but the Binapartists and a portion of the
Moderate Rights, who are able to turn the scale, are
wavering. If ihe government is defeated a dissolution
of the Assembly is inevitable.
Duval's demand for urgency on his motion for a dis-
solution of the Assembly after voting on the bills re-
ceived only 180 votes.
Presiilent MacMahon sent a message to the Assembly
on the 9th inat., in which he saya : " The country de-
mands the organization of public powers, and questions
which were reserved must be settled ; further delays
will depress trade and hamper the prosperity of the
country. I hope the Assembly will not fail to fulfil its
obligations. I adjure it in the name of the highest in-
terest in the country to deliberate without delay upon
questions which must no longer remain in suspense.
" The Assembly and the government are jointly re-
sponsible. I am desirous of accomplishing all my
duties, and my most imperative duty is to insure to the
country definite institutions, security and calm."
Hostilities continue in the north of Spain, but the
recent military operations have been mostly unim-
portant. It is evident that no progress has been made
towards suppressing the Carlist insurrection.
A Constantinople dispatch says: The Sultan has
written to the Khedive of Egypt in terms cordially con-
firming the good relations between the Porte and Egypt.
A Postal Congress is to be held in Switzerland in the
9th month, in which fifteen governments will be repre-
sented. The delegates from France and Denmark have
already been appointed.
Statistics recently published concerning the ascent of
Mont Blanc show that from the time of the first ascent
by Balmat in 1786, 721 persons have reached the sum-
mit, but for some years after the earliest attempts by
Balmat and De Saussure long intervals elapsed during
which no one ventured upon the hazardous enterprise.
There were no ascents between 1788 and 1802, and be-
tween 1802 and 1809. Since 1850, however, the sum-
mit has in no year been altogether unvisited.
The German Emperor is on a visit to Bavaria. He
reached Munich the 13th inst., where he was received
by the king and escorted to the royal palace.
On the 13th an attempt was made to assassinate
Prince Bismarck as he was driving in the country near
Kissingen, by a man named Kullman who belongs to
Magdeburg. The ball aimed at Bismarck grazed his
wrist, inflicting a slight wound. Kullman was quickly
arrested.
United States.— The interments in Philadelphia
last week numbered 368, including 63 deaths from
cholera infantum, and 1.56 children under one year old.
According to the Auditor General's report, the cost
of building the fifteen Passenger Railways of Philada.,
was $7,202,085 ; length of miles 214 ; cars 851 ; horses
5,066; passengers carried last year 73.771,995; ex-
penses $3,3-56,436 ; gross receipts $4,622,351 : nominal
profits $1,265,915, or more than 17 per cent, on the cost
of the roads.
On the 10th inst., during a violent thunder storm,
the lightning struck an oil tank at the VVeehawken Oil
Works, New Jersey, opposite Thirty-fourth street. New
York. The effect was to set this tank and an adjoining
one on fire, instantly causing both to explode with ter-
riBc force. The lire spread until all the tanks, number-
ing seventeen, were destroyed, with about three millions
of gallons of petroleum. It is estimated that the lo.ss
will be about $700,000, including damage to adjacent
property.
The steamship Grenada arrived at San Franci.sco on
the 10th inst., from Hong Kong and Yokohama,
.lapan, making the actual running time from Japan to
.San Franci.sco in seventeen days and nine hours, which
is the shortest voyage yet made.
A terrible calamity has befallen the people in the
northern part of Minnesota, the locusts h iving devour-
ed every kind of crop and left the country "in many
places perfectly bare.
The Union Pacific Railroad Company has bored six
artesian wells in the arid districts to obtain water sup-
plies for their locomotive,?. All of them were success-
ful.jind from several the water rises above- the surface.
White__Ohio, $1.45. Canada barley, $1.95 a S2. Da
61 a 67 cts. Yellow corn, 80 a 83 cts. ; western mixe
78 a 79 cts. Philadelphia. — Uplands and New Orlea
cotton, 17 J a 18 cts. Superfine flour, $3 .50 a $4; extn
$4 a $4,50; finer brands, • 5a $9.50. Amber wheat, $1.
a *1.47 ; Penna. red wheat, $1.40 ; No. 1 spring, $1.3
Rye, $1. Western mixed corn, 80 cts.; yellow, 81
82 cts. Oats, 65 a 69 cts. Lard, llf a 12 cts. Clove
seed, 10 a 11 cts. The cattle market was dull. Sal
of 3500 beef cattle at prices ranging from 3J cts. per 1
gross fc 7i cts. About 8000 sheep sold at 4J a o| cl
per lb. gross, and 4500 hogs at $9.37i a $9.75 per 1(
lbs. net. CAtcajo.— No. 2 spring whe'at, $1.16; No.
do., $1,08 a $1,10. Corn, 61f cts. No. 2 oats, 48 ct
Rye, 86 a 88 cts. Baltimore. — Choice white whea
$1.45 a $1.50; fair to prime red, $1.35 a $1.43; Penn
old, $1.45 a il.52. Yellow corn, 82 a 83 cts. ; whit
93 a 95 cts.
SHELTER FOR COLORED ORPHANS.
Wanted, by the Ist of 10th mo. next, a suitabl
Friend for Matron for the above institution.
Application may be made to
Hannah R. Newbold, 641 Franklin St.
Mary Wood, 524 South Second St.
Mary Randolph, 247 North Twelfth St.
Anna W. Lippincott, 460 North Seventh St
WANTED.
An unmarried Friend to take the position of Governc
at Westtown Boarding School, on or before the close <
the present session, in the 10th month next.
Apply to
Clarkson Sheppard, Greenwich, New Jersey,
Joseph Walton, Moorestown, "
Charles Evans, 702 Race street, Philadelphia.
WANTED
A young man of energy and perseverance, to tak
charge and oversight of the farm belonging to th
Wyaridott Mission, situated near Seneca, in the Stat
of Missouri; also a woman well qualified to fill th
place of Matron in the Boarding School. Friend
would be preferred. For further information apply t
John S. Stokes, Office of "The Friend," Fourth abov
Arch street.
HAVERFORD COLLEGE.
The next Term will commence on Fourth-day, 9tl
mo. 2nd, 1874. Applications for admissions should b
addressed to Samuel J. Gdmmere, President,
Haverford College, Montgomery Co., Pa.
WANTED,
A woman Friend, competent for Principal of th.
Aimwell School. Apply to
Sarah E. Smith, No. 1110 Pine St.
Rebecca W. Fry, 908 North Fifth St.
Rachel S. Maris, 127 South Fifth St.
Mary D. Allen, 833 North Seventh St.
Married, on the 9th of 4th mo. 1874, at Friends
Meeting-hou.se, Germantown, Benjamin C. Satter
TUWAiTE, of Bucks County, Pa., and Elizabeth C
French, of Philadelphia.
Died, Sixth month ]5ih, 1874, Luke W. Morris
aged 16 years, son of Samuel and Lydia S. Morris o
At Rock Springs the water ri.ses from a depth of 1145 OIney, Philadelphia. This dear youth had attachei
feet, twenty-six feet above the surface, and discharges himself to a large circle of friends' by the integrity o:
.571 gallons per hour, and at the surface 916 gallons. I his character, his consideration forthecomfortofoth'ere
During the six months ending on the first inst, 1101 and a genial disposition. Yet while mourning hi
buildings were erected in St. Louis, at a cost of $7,360,- ! ^^^'y removal from a life which gave promise of vlrtui
^^^- and usefulness, they "sorrow not as those who have ni
Much damage has been caused in western Massa- l^ope ;" for during the protracted sickness which i
chusetts by heavyrains on the llth and 12th inst., pleased Infinite Wisdom to dispense, the touching
which cau.sed a rapid rise of the rivers, the destruction patience with which he bore his sufferings, his resigna
of bridges and buildings, and in two instances the ''«" '" 'he Divine will, together with his prayers foi
breaking of large reservoirs in which water was stored Heavenly help, and his remarks as made from "time t(
for the use of manufactorie.s. No lives were lost. The l'"^^. 'lave aftorded a grateful evidence that the worl
total loss IS estimated between three hundred and four of purification was steadily going on within. Thus we
hundred thousand dollars. reverently believe that, through the redeeming mercy
I%e Markets, &c. — The following were the quotations ^^ ''>at Saviour whom, to use his own expression, " he
on the 13Lh inst. New Fori.- American gold, 109|. "f'en felt to be very near him," he has obtained 8
U. S. sixes, 1881, registered, IISJ; do. coupons', 117°,
do. 1868, 116 a 116J; do. 5 per cents, 112i. Super-
line flour, $4.90 a $5.50; State extra, «5.80a $8 15-
tiner brands, $6.50 a $10.2-5. No. 1 Chicago spring
wheat, $1.39; No. 2 do., $1.35 a $1.37 ; No. 3 do., $1.33 ;
blessed "inheritance among all them that are Sanctis
fied."
WILLIAM H. PILE, PRINTER.
No. 422 Walnut Street.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. XLVII.
SEVENTH-DAY, SEVENTH MONTH 25, 1874.
NO. 49.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
Price Two Dollars per annum, if paid in advance. Two
dollars and fifty cents, if not paid in advance.
Subscriptloni and PaymentB receiTed by
JOHN S. STOKES,
AT NO. 116 NORTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS,
PHILADBLFHIA.
Postage, when paid quarterly in advance, five cents.
For " The Friend."
The Little land of Appenzell.
(CoDtinued from pagf 37S.)
In Glarus and Unterwalden, where the
population is smaller, the right of discussions
is still retained bj' these assemblies, but in
Appenzell it has been found expedient to
abolish it. Anj' change in the law, however,
is first discussed in public meetings in the
several communities, then put into form by
the Council, published, read from all the pul-
pits for a month previous to the coming to-
gether of the Lnndsgemeinde, and then voted
upon. But if the Council refuses to act upon
the suggestion of any citizen, and he honestly
considers the matter one of importance, he is
allowed to propose it directlj' to the people,
provided he do so briefly and in an orderly
manner. The Council, which may be called
the executive power, consists of the governing
Landamman and six associates, one of whom
has the functions of the treasurer, another of
military commander, — in fact a ministry on
a small scale. The service of the persons
elected to the Council is obligatory, and they
receive no salaries. There is, it is true, a
secondary Council, composed of the first, and
representatives of the communities, one for
every thousand inhabitants, in order to ad-
minister more intelligently the various depart-
ments of education, religion, justice, roads,
the military system, the poor, &c. ; but the
Assembly of the People can at any time reject
or reverse its action. All citizens are not only
equal before the law, but are assured liberty
of conscience, of speech, and of labor. The
right of support only belongs to those who
are born citizens of the Canton. The old re-
striction to this class of the claim to be sup-
ported at the expense of the community in
case of need, prevails all over Switzerland.
In Appenzell a stranger can only acquire the
right, which is really the right of citizenship,
by paj'ing twelve hundred francs into the
cantonal treasury.
The governing Landamman is elected for
two years, but the other members of the
Council may be re-elected from year to year,
as often as the people see fit. The obligation
to serve, therefore, may sometimes seriously
incommode the person chosen ; he cannot re-
sign, and his only chance of escape lies in
leaving the Canton temporarily, and publish-
ing his intention of quitting it altogether in
case the people refuse to release him from
office. This year it happened that two mem-
bers of the Council had already taken this
step, while three others had appealed to the
people not to reelect them. The Assembly of
the People was now to decide upon all these
applications, and therefore promised to be of
more than usual interest. The people had
had time to consider the matter, and it was
suppo.-^ed had generally made up their minds ;
yet I found no one willing to give me a hint
of their action in advance.
The two remaining members presently made
their appearance, accompanied by the Chan-
cellor to whom I was recommended. The
atter kindly offered to accompany me to the
parsonage, the windows of which, directlj^ in
the rear of the platform, would enable me to
hear as well as see the proceedings. The
clergyman, who was preparing for the service
which precedes the opening, showed me the
nail upon which hung the key of his study,
and gave me liberty to take possession at any
time. The clock now struck nine, and a
solemn peal of bells announced the time of
service. A little pfocession formed in front
of the inn, first the music, then the clergyman
and the few members of the government bare-
headed and followed by the two apparitors,
who wore long mantles, the right half white,
and the left half black. The old pikemen
walked on either side. The people uncovered
as the dignitaries took their way around to
the chancel door; then as manj' as could be
accommodated entered at the front.
I entered with them taking my place on
the men's side, — the sexes being divided, as
is usual in Germany. After the hymn and
the prayer, the clergyman took a text from
Corinthians, and proceeded to preach a good
sound political sermon. I noticed with sur-
prise that most of the men put on their hats
at the close of the praj-er. Only once did
they remove them afterwards — when the
clergyman, after describing the duties before
them, and the evils and difficulties which be-
set every good work, suddenly said, "Let us
pray to God to help and direct us!" and in-
terpolated a short prayer in the midst of his
sermon. The effect was all the more impres-
sive, because, though so unexpected, it was
entirely simple and natural. * * *
When the service was over, I could scarcely
make my way through the throng which had
meanwhile collected. The sun had come out
hot above the HundroyI Alp, and turned the
sides of the valley into slopes of dazzling
sheen. Already every table in the inns was
filled, every window crowded with heads, the
square a dark mass of voters of all ages and
classes, lawyers and clergymen being packed
together with grooms and brown Alpine herds-
men ; and after the government had been
solemnly escorted to its private chamber, four
musicians in antique costume announced with
drum and fife, the speedy opening of the As-
sembly.
I took my place in the pastor's study, and
inspected the crowd. On the steep slope of
the village square and the rising field bej-ond,
more than ten thousand men were gathei-cd,
packed as closely as they could stand. The
law re(iuires them to appear armed and " re-
spectably dressed." The short swords, very
much like our marine cutlasses, which they
carried, were intended for show rather than
service. Very few wore them ; sometimes
they were tied up with umbrellas, but gener-
ally carried loose in the hand or under the
arm. The rich manufacturers of Trogen and
Herisau and Tenfen, had belts and silver-
mounted dress swords. With scarce an ex-
ception, every man was habited in black, and
wore a stove-pipe hat, but the latter was in
most cases brown and battered. Both cir-
cumstances were thus explained to me : as the
people vote with the uplifted hand, the hat
must be of a dark color as a back-ground to
bring out the hands more distinctly; then
since rain would spoil a good hat (and it rains
much at this season), they generally take an
old one. I could now understand the adver-
tisements of "second hand cylinder hats f<ir
sale," which I had noticed the day before in
newspapers of the Canton. The slope of the
hill was such that the hats of the lower ranks
concealed the faces of those immediately be-
hind, and the assembly was the darkest and
densest I ever beheld.
With solemn music, and atti^nded by the
apparitors in their two colored mantles, and
the ancient pikemen, the few officials ascend-
ed the platform. The chief of the two Lan-
dammaner present took his station in front,
between the two-handed swords, and began to
address the assembly. Suddenly a dark cloud
seemed to roll away from the faces of the peo-
ple; commencing in front of the platform, and
spreading rapidly to the edges of the compact
throng, the hats disappeared, and the ten
thousand faces in the full light of the sun,
blended into a rudd}' mass. But no; each
head retained its separate character, and the
most surprising circumstance of the scene was
the distinctness with each human being held
fast to his individuality in the multitude.
Nature has drawn no object with so firm a
hand, nor painted it with such tenacious clear-
ness of color, as the face of man. The in-
verted crescent of sharp light had a dift'orent
curve on each individual brow before me; the
little illuminated dot on the end of the nose
under it, hinted at the form of the nostrils in
shadow. As the hats had before concealed
the faces, so now each face was relieved against
the breast of the man beyond, and in front of
me were thousands of heads to be seen, touch-
ing each other like so many ovals drawn on a
dark plane.
The address was neither so brief nor so
practical as it might have been. Earnest,
well meant, and apparently well received,
386
THE FRIEND.
there was nevertheless much iu it which the
plain half educated men in the asaembly could
not possibly have comprehended ; as, for in-
stance, "May a garland of contidcnce be
twined around your deliberations!" At the
close the speaker said, "Let us pray !" and
for a few moments there were bowed heads
and utter silence. The first business was the
financial report for the year, which had been
printed and distributed anions the people
weeks before. They were now asked whether
they would appoint a commission to test its
accuracy, but they unanimously declined to
do so. The question was put by one of the
apparitors, who first removed his cocked hat,
and cried in a tremendous voice, " Faithful
and beloved fellow-citizens, and brethren of
the Union !"
(To be concluded.)
^^-*
Selected.
" We will not hide them from their children, showing
to the generation to come the praises of tlie Lord
and his strength and his wonderful works that He
hath done."
As an individual I confess that I have de-
rived much instruction, comfort and strength,
from the living memorials left us by many
Christian brethren and sisters now removed
from works to rewards; not only from their
Journals and from Memoirs of them, but even
from testimonies of Monthly Meetings. But
especially I have to notice, that the expres-
sions of those who have arrived near the con-
fines of the invisible world, have sunk deep in
my remembrance ; nor do I know any other
instrumental means, that bavo proved to me
so searching, softening, effeclual and abiding
as thatlast mentioned desrriplion of memorial.
I believe that the profltableimpressions which
are made, particularly on thu minds of well
disposed children and young persons, remain
with them for the most part, through life ; so
that many amongst us, now grown up, can
testify, that incidents and sayings, which in
childhood thej' had heard or read, of trulj-
excellent characters, do even at this day con-
tinue to liave a beneficial effect on tbeir minds;
and even in cases where young people have
wandered far from tbe line of duty, these
things not unfrequently arise in their remem
brance. I speak from some degree of experi-
ence, however small it may be, compared
with that of some others; for I have been a
wanderer in my time, j-et can testify that
even when most widely separated by wicked-
ness, from the Author of all good, the recur-
rence of the wisdom of the wise and of the
sayings of the dying, to my thoughtless heart,
has not been either unfrequent or unseason-
able. But the advantages which ray soul has
received in recent times, are still more de-
cided. Many may think themselves unfit to
tell of the Lord's goodness to them in their
early youth, as well as under trials and
troubles and great variety of circumstances,
even to their old age; but such humble-
hearted ones are the very persons who are
perhaps most fit, or most called upon, to
make mention in some form or other, of the
providences and mercies and many deliver-
ances which they have met with. Often when
I hear of the death of eminent servants of the
Lord, I long that their wisdom and the weight
of their long experience may not die with them,
but that some memorial may have been left
by them, for the instruction of those who are
still travelling on their wearisome way. —
John Barclay.
For "The Friend."
The Heart of Africa, by Dr. Schweinfurth.
(Concluded from page 373.)
With some further extracts referring to the
same trade, as observed by our author, we
will dismiss this valuable and interesting
book. He says :
" The sheikh Seebehr complained bitterly
of the great rush of Gellahbas to his establish-
ment, and told me that his corn was so nearly
exhausted that his land was threatened with
famine. From his own mouth I learnt that
during the winter two large caravans had
come through Shekka, and had brought into
the country the enormous quantity of 2000 of
these petty adventurers; by the middle of
January the number was still larger, and at
the beginning of February was swollen again
by 600 or 700 more.
All these traders break their journej's across
the steppes of the Baggara by making a
lengthened stay at Shekka, for the purpose
of purchasing oxen both for riding and for
carrjnng burdens; here also it is their prac-
tice to lay in a stock of butter for bartering
in the Seribas, where it is in great demand.
The goods that they bring into the Seriba
districts are principally calico, 'trumba,' a
coarse material woven in Sennaar, and Eng
lish cotton of two sorts, ' amerikani and da-
moor;' they al.-iO make a market of a number
of firearms, mostly ordinary double-barrelled
liuns, of Beltjian manufacture, worth from ten
to twenty dollars apiece ; in addition to these
they frequently carry on a brisk trade in all
kindsof knick-knacks — pipes, looking glasses,
Turkish slippirs, red fezzes, and carpets.
Everj' Gellahba, according to his means,
lakes into his service a number of the Bag-
gara, to whom he entrusts tbe training and
management of his cattle. Camels invariably
succumb to the climate in a very short time,
and are consequently but rarely u>ed as a
means of trans])ort. All tbe traders ride asses
and it may safely be asserted that they pass
the greater part of their lives on the backs of
these animals; in fact, a petty pedlar of the
Soudan wittiout his donkey would be a sight
almost as remarkable as a Samoj'ede without
bis reindeer. Besides its rider the donkey
will carry not much less than ten pieces of
cotton; if it survives the journey it is ex
changed in the Seribas for a slave, or perhaps
for two; its load of goods will bring in three
more, and thus, underfavorable circumstances,
a speculative vagrant, who has started with
nothing beyond his donkey and five pounds'
worth of goods, will find himself in possession
of at least four slaves, which may be disposed
of la Khartoom for 250 dollars (50/.) The
return journey is always made on foot, and
the unfortunate slaves have to carry all the
articles necessary for travelling.
But quite apart from these pettifogging
traders, whoso innate propensity for traffiek
ing in human beings can only be compared to
the ineradicable love of usury that charac-
terises the itinerant Polish Jews, there are
numbers of more important investors, who,
protected by a large retinue of -armed slaves
and accompanied by long trains of loaded
oxen and asses, carry on a business which
brings many hundreds of their fellow-crea-
tures into the market. These more wholesale
dealers have their partners or agents perma- 1
nontly settled in regular establishments in the [
large Seribas. More frequently than not these!
agents are priests, or Fakis as they are called, I
though strictly the term Faki belongs onl\
to those whose profession it is to explain tin-
Scriptures ; it is, however, an indisputable fa( i
that the slave-trade is included amongst the
secondary occupations of this class, and, :l.-^
matter of fact, they are all more or less soiK il
with the defilements of this scandalous busi-
ness. In the larger towns, and especially in
Khartoom, there is every opportunity for oli-
serving their doings, and things often come
to light which, except they were actually
witnessed, would seem perfectly incredible.
Never did I see slaves so mercilesslj^ treated
as by these fanatics, and yet they would
confer upon the poor souls, whom they had
purchased like stolen goods, for a mere baga-
telle, the most religious of names, such as
' Allagabo' (;. e. given by God.)
The history of Islamism has ever been a
history of crime, and to Christian morality
alone do we owe all the social good that we
enjoy.
It must not, however, be supposed that the
minor retail trade in slaves is uniformly lucra-
tive. The smaller Gellahbas are exposed to
numberless mischances; if their ox or ass
should die upon the journey, they must at
once dispose of their other property at any
price; then, again, they are liable to suffer
from a lack of corn during their journe}' across
the wilderness; and, what is perhaps the
sorest disaster that can befall them, their
slaves so frequently run away, that their pro-
fits are dispersed before they are realised.
Their powers of endurance are trulj^ wonder-
ful. I repeatedlj' asked them what induced
them to leave their hom-s, to change their
mode of living, and to suffer the greatest hard-
ships in a strange land, all for the sake of pur-
suing an occupation that only in the rarest
cases would keep them from absolute want.
' We want " groosh" ' (piastres), they vvould
reply ; ' so why should we live at home ?' And
when I further urged that they had far better
lead respectable lives, and either grow corn
or breetl cattle, they answered, 'No, that
wouldn't answer our purpose; when we are
at home, we are exhausted by the d- tuandsof
the Government, and corn doesn't bring us in
any money.' Not tljat the Government is
really so hard upon the people as they assert;
the fact is that they are incorrigibly lazy, and
have so great a dislike to work of any sort
that they" do not care to be able to pay their
taxes, which do not much exceed those that
are usually demanded in Egypt proper. To
expect that these slave-traders should re-
nounce of theirown accord the business which
suits them so completely, and for which they
will endure any amount of hardship, would be
almost as unreasonable as to expect Esqui-
maux to grow melons.
All trade is undeniably in a very stagnant
condition in the Egyptian Soudan ; the rich
man gives nothing away, but lives like a dog,
and has no desire be3'ond that of privately
amassing wealth ; of domestic comfort, or
luxury even on the limited Oriental scale, he
has not the faintest conception. There is con-
sequently no demand for labor, no circulation
of money in wages, and it is manifestly im-
possible for trade to flourish as long as the
rich man consumes nothing ; and equally im-
possible for the poor man to thrive while the
rich man keeps his retinue of slaves, who do
all he wants without requiring payment.
Thus slavery itself ever reproduces slavery.
One material alleviation to the position of
THE FRIEND.
387
the Gellahbas is the open hospitality thej'
meet with in all the Seribas. Besides the
mercenaries of the various ivory companies —
the controllers, clerks, ai^eiits, storekeepers,
and other officials — they hnd numbers of their
compatriots and brethren in the taith who
have taken np their abode in these lands, and
who sub>ist free of expense on what is gained
by the sweat of the nei^roes ; mere idle drones,
as it were, livinj; on the jiroduce of the work
ers. The rabble thus collected consists partij-
of escaped convicts arid parilj' of refugees or
outlaws who are evading their proper punish-
ment, and if thiy could be swtpt from otf the
face of the land, there would then bo food
enough for half a score of regiments, should
the Egyptian Government determine to sta-
tion them in the countrj'.
Just in the same way as in the Egyptian
Soudan, the actuiil cost of travelling in these
lands is next to nothing; every new comer to
a Seriba is treated to kissere and raelah, and
his slaves and donkey are provided with corn
enough to kei'p them from starvation. Wher-
ever tbej' go the Gellahbas may stay as long
as they please, and accordingly they wander
all over the district from the west to the east,
as far as the Rohl and the Dyemit, and only
just before the commencement of the rainy
season they re-assemble at their common place
of rendezvous in Seebehr's Seriba, where they
re-organize their caravans, and make their
final preparations for starting for Kordofan.
The worst feature in the case is the dej^opu-
lation of Africa. I have myself seen whole
tracts of country in Dar Ferteet turned into
barren, uninhabited wildernesses, simply be-
cause all the young girls have been carried
out of the country. Turks and Arabs will
urge that they are only drawing off useless
blood, that if these people are allowed to in-
crease and multiply, they will only turn round
and kill one another. But the truth is far
otherwise. The time has come when the vast
continent of Africa can no longer be dispensed
with ; it must take its share in the commerce
of the world, and this cannot be etfected until
slavery is abolished. Sooner than the natives
should be exterminated, I would see all Turks,
Arabs, or whatever else these apathetic na-
tions ma}' be called, vanish from the face of
the earth ; they are only occupying the place
of their betters ; and negroes, if they only
■work, are their betters.
I travelled in the Nile countries from 18G3
to 1866, and again from 1868 to 1S71 ; on my
first journey I visited all the great raarktts of
the slave trade, Cairo, Siout, Djiddah, Suakin,
Matamma in Gallabat, Khartoom, and Berber;
in my second 1 reached its sources in the
lands to the south of Darfoor and Kordofan.
Throughout mj^ wanderings I was ever puz-
zling out schemes for setting bounds to this
inhuman traffic. The traveller in these lands
is ke|)t in one perpetual state of irritation by
what he sees ; on every road he meets long
troops of slaves; on the sea and round the
coasts ho comes in contact with Arab boats
crammed full of the same miserable creatures.
Whilst exploring the coasts of Nubia and
Egypt in 1864 and 1865, 1 spent eight months
on the Eed Sea. The slave-trade there was
then in a flourishing condition, but the ac-
counts of what I saw altra ■ted no more atten-
tion than the complaints made by my prede-
cessors. The consuls in Djiddah and other
ports on the Red Sea were afraid to take any
measures that were not sanctioned by Euro-
pean policy, and consequently Arabs were
allowed to carry on that which amongst
Spaniards and Portuguese would have been
considered piracy. Not a man-of-war was to
be seen cruising on the water, and j'et one
single gunboat would have sufficed to keep a
check upon the intercourse between the op-
posite coasts, and to make the slave-trade an
impossibility. A change has now been etl'octed,
and all the Powers that are interested in the
matter have done their utmost to remedy the
evil; but even on the Red Sea there still re-
mains much to be done, and even now there
are far too many secret landing-places and
loopholes which escape the vigilance of the
authorities.
Many a time, under the consciousness that
alone I was utterl}- powerless as a vindicator
of humanity, I have restrained myself from
the temptation to rescue slaves with my own
hands. Once, between Khartoom and Berber,
a lot of slaves was being brought from Kor-
d"fan, and I cut in two the leather thongs
that bound them to their sheyba ; but an ugly
scpiabble was all that resulted from my inter-
ference. At other times I have vehemently
remonstrated with the slave-dealers, when I
have been a witness of any cruelty in their
treatment of their property ; but all to no pur-
pose. It may therefore be imagined that a
traveller in his fury and disgust will be led
to devise all manner of schemes for eradicating
the system.
The dark cloud of barbarism still lowers
over the innermost regions of Africa, and
Egj'pt, the oldest and richest land of the his-
torical world, has its mission to perform. A
great revolution has already begun, and al-
though at present it affects only the surface,
there is scarcely anj' reason to doubt that ])ro-
gress, alike spiriuial and humane, will tilti-
mately claim the victorj'. But the task is
gigantic, and no one can be more sensible of
this than the traveller who has lingered at
any of the sources of the slave-trade. One
point there is in which all are unanimous —
that from Islamism no help can be expected,
and that with Islamism no compact can be
made. The second Sura of the Koran begins
with the prescription : ' To open the way of
God, slay all those who would slay you ; but
be not yourselves the first to commence hos
tilities, for God loves not sinners; slay them
wherever you meet them ; drive them away
from the spot from which they would drive
you, for temptation is worse than a death-
blow.' Islamism, the child of the deserts, has
everywhere spread desolation, and wherever
it has penetrated, deserts have arisen bleak
and bare as the rocks of Nubia and Arabia,
and tinder its influence every nation from
Morocco to the Isles of Sunda has congealed
into a homogeneous mass; inexorably it brings
all to one level, remorselessly obliterating ail
traces of nationality or race."
Selected for "The Frienil."
Thomas Ratter.
This Friend, who was an inhabitant of
Bristol, England, departed this life in a lively
hope of the mercy of Christ, the 2nd of the
Ninth month, 1803, aged 59 years. He had
been a minister from his youth, having first
come forth in obedience to what he regarded
as a requiring of the Lord for that service
when he was about eighteen years of age.
Previously to this, in his quite early days, he
had fallen into the paths of vice and folly, and
a contempt of serious things and serious per-
sons. In comjiliance with his father's wishes,
he however continued to attend religious
meetings, in one of which his attention was
caught by a ]M-eacher, whose subject was the
passage from 1 Pet. iv. 18: " If the righteous
scarcely be saved, where shall the ungodly
and the sinner a])pcar." He was immediately
filled with awe, and with a light which dis-
covered to him clearl}' his sinful condition ;
and ho was broken into many tears. Jle soon
after attempted to shake off these imjiressions;
but in vain; he sunk under the contest and
then was tempted to despair. He confessed
however in his mind, that ho had been di-
vinely visited ; and being sensible that noth-
ing short of the arm of Omni])Otence could
save him from being lost, he sought it carn-
estl)' with humble supjilicalion. lie read the
Scri|)tures, often sought retirement, and was
very diligent in ])ublic worship; but his soul
was long detained in a mournful slate.
At length his mind wa-* gradually enlarged ;
the ministrj' of two Friends was useful to
him and he made them a visit, suj)posing that
they would feel for his state, and would com-
fort and instruct him, but being disappointed
he was led to cry. '■ Lord, if thou help me not
1 perish; for vain is the help of man." When
afier this gradual preparation, it pleased In-
finite Kindness to afford him a sense of favor,
the current of love was so strong, that he
knew not how to forbear calling on every
creature to join him in the song of praise.
For a time he felt no evil, had an almost con-
tinual sense of the Lord's presence, and hastily
concluded that the w-ork of regeneration was
complete. But temptations again beset him,
and he soon felt the further necessity of daily
watchfulness and prayer. Rtligion appeared
to be a very deep work, but he was supported
in the path of patience by some portion of
comfort, and by the secret presence of the
Almighty.
It was not long after he was brought into
this watchful state, that he felt his mind
stronglj' impressed to speak by way of exhor-
tation to others. From this service he was
very averse; and endeavored, with contrition
and tears to examine his call, and, like Gideon,
to try the fleece. The inore he examined, the
more the evidence was confirmed, till after
various baptisms, he gave up to obey, should
further requirings bo manifested. This was
not, however speed! Ij' the case. He under-
went a further trial of ap]iarent desertion,
which he humbly received as a chastisement
for his delay; but at length more full resigna-
tion brought peace, and ho found an engage-
ment to come forth with those words: —
"Christ's sheep hear his voice. Let us wait
to hear the voice of Christ." After this also
he sunk very low in his mind, but was gradu-
ally' enlarged, and soon became a zealous,
reaching and acceptable minister. In the ex-
ercise of his gift he travelled in most parts of
England and Wales, where there are Friends,
and was twice in Ireland.
During his last illness which was painful,
and borne with Christian fortitude, he uttered
many expressions, showing his faith and his
resignation; and he bemoaned the situation
of such as defer to the time of sickness, the
important concerns of their soul's well-being.
" The pains of the body," said he, " are enough
to struggle with." Speaking of himself, he
said, "I have nothing to glory in but my in-
firmities. I have known something of that
388
THE FRIEND.
law of grace, whereby boasting is excluded.' is true, righteous, and just. My heart feels
]^o merit in me: All of grace! All of the par- j interested in those I have long loved, that
don and favor which are in Christ. Oh! that| they may be found walking worthy of the high
I had the tongue of an archangel, to sound
forth this glorious truth, that it is ' not by
works of righteousness, which we have done;
but according to his mercy he saved us, by
the washing of regeneration, and renewing
of the Holy Ghost.'"
He frequently said, "I never was more
deeply sensible of my own unworthiness; and
that all is of mercy, mere raercj' !" A little
before his departure he signified his assurance
of an admittance into the kingdom of eternal
rest; and at his close was mercifully favored
with an easy release from the pains of mor-
tality.
vocation
Grubb.
wherewith we are called. — S. L
WATCHING.*
BY CELIA THAXTEK.
In childhood's season fair,
Selected
The Perforating Power of Roots. — It is in-
deed wonderful how easily the roots of plants
and trees bore through hard, impacted soils
in search of nourishment. They use for this
purpose a sort of awl, of immense power,
situated at the end of the root, and capable,
with the aid of the other root machinery, of
thrusting aside heavy weights and getting
through almost any obstruction. Yet the
awl consists only of a mass of microscopic
absorbent cells formed by protoplasm or vege-
table mucus — the fluid in which vital action
is first set up. The roots of the elm and the
maple will bore through the hardest soil of
walks or streets, enter drains, twine about
waper pipes, and penetrate through the seams
of stone and brick structures. The roots of
some plants have been known to pass through
eighteen inches of solid brick-work, and make
their appearance in a wine-cellar below. Plants
have a vast power in overcoming obstacles
when foraging for food. They are like a
hungry animal which no fences can restrain
when there is food beyond. The movements
of roots in soils proceed on certain principles
of utility in connection with the welfare of
the plant. Sbme need much more moisture
than others, and the roots will drive through
rocks to obtain it; others need silicious food,
and will penetrate through a clay bank to
reach the desired foraging ground. The
urgency with which nature drives plants and
animals in pursuit of food is almost irresisti-
ble.— Journal of Chemistry.
On many a balmy, moonless summer night
While wheeled the light-house arms of dark and bright
Far through the humid air.
How patient have I been.
Sitting alone, a happy little maid,
Waiting to see, careless and unafraid,
My father's boat come in.
Close to the water's edge,
Holding a tiny spark, that he might steer
(So dangerous the landing far and near)
Safe past the ragged ledge.
I had no fears — not one ;
The wild, wide waste of water leagues around
Washed ceaselessly; there was no human sound
And I was all alone.
But Nature was so kind I
Like a dear friend I loved the loneliness ;
My heart rose glad as at some sweet caress
When passed the wandering wind.
Yet it was joy to hear
From out the darkness, sounds grow clear at last,
Of rattling row-lock, and of creaking mast.
And voices drawing near I
" Is't thou, dear father? Say I"
What well known shout re.sounded in reply.
As loomed the tall sail smitten suddenly
With the great light-house ray !
I will be patient now,
Dear Heavenly Father, waiting here for Thee
I know the darkness holds Thee, shall I be
Afraid, when it is Thou ?
On Thy eternal shore
In pauses, when life's tide is at its prime
I hear the everlasting rote of Time
Beating forevermore.
Shall I not then rejoice?
Oh never lost or sad should child of thine
Sit waiting, fearing lest there come no sign,
No whisper of thy voice.
Selected.
Shall not we who are parents, endeavor to
see in the light which deceiveth not, how it
is in our own families, as well as in the church?
And is it not for us to labor with our dear
children, to bring them to a just sense of the
necessity of taking up their daily cross, if
they would have a crown of everlasting right-
eousness and joy; and if indeed they would
be owned by the Saviour upon earth, as his
people? I often fear lest I should not say, in
the loud language of example, " Follow j-e me,
as I follow Christ;" yet it is my earnest de-
sire to bear about in this body the dyino- of
the Lord Jesus, that his blessed life may also
be made manifest in my mortal flesh. Nothing
will do after all our speculations, but a dying
to self and living that life, of which an eminent
christian speaks, "I live; yet not I, but
Christ liveth in me." If we are without this
knowledge of the great work of regeneration,
it will nevertheless manifest itself through
others ; for the true church must take the plaice
of the false, and all that appertains to " Mys-
tery Babylon" must fall, as certainly as God
Selected.
WORDS.
The cruel and the bitter word
That wounded as it fell.
The chilling want of sympathy.
We feel, but never tell.
The hard repulse that chills the heart,
Whose hopes were bounding high,
In an unfoding record kept, —
These things shall never die.
Let nothing pass; for every hand
Must find some work to do;
Lose not a chance to waken love ;
Be firm and just and true.
So shall a light that cannot fade
Beam on thee from on high.
And angel voices say to thee,
"These things shall never die !"
All the Year Round.
* The light-house referred to stands upon White
Island, one of a group constituting the Isles of Shoals,
lying in the Atlantic, about ten miles east of Ports-
mouth, New Hampshire, where years ago, before the
building of this house, many vessels were lost. Celia
Thaxter dwelt here when a child with her father,
niother, and two brothers ; and her fondness for nature
in the vast and the minute, appears to have been great
as we learn from her own account of her childhood,
spent upon this and neighboring islands. She speaks
of frequently waiting alone on the rocks with a lantern
in her hand for her father's Jboat. The bright rays from
the tower above her, reaching fiir into the ocean, seem-
ing to make the darkness below greater.
Recreations of the Brain-Workers.
Those who toil hard with brain and pen
are those who especially need, not minutes,
but hours of agreeable recreation. Change
of employment is not always suflicient for
this purpose. You need, as the country par-
son saj'S, in substance, sometimes to sit on a
fence and look down and see how green the
grass is, and look up and observe how blue
the sky is. Let the mind lie as perfectly at
rest as it is in your power to do. But most
brain-workers need besides some active physi-
cal exercise to restore the exhausted powers.
A great translator, after his eight hours of
study, would busy himself in the cultivation
of trees. Dr. Samuel Clarke used to amuse
himself by jumping over chairs and tables-
a very vigorous style of gymnastics, and one
that might have made common lookers-on a
little suspicious of the good man's sanity, hut
it served his purpose well.
Dean Swift took a rather milder form of a
similar exercise. He would run up and down
the steps of his deanery, even when almost
broken down with age and infirmity.
A learned fiither, who was engaged in most
profound studies for many hours each day,
made it a rule to rise methodically at the end
of every second hour and twirl his chair for
five minutes. VVhat amusement he got out of
that it would be hard to see ; but tastes and
fancies are as varied as the people who indulge
them.
The poet Shelly had a passion for making
little boats of twisted paper, and sending them
afloat upon the water. His pockets were
rifled of all their contents to furnish materials
for the sport. The correspondence of his
friends was his main stock. Then came the
fly leaves of the books which he made com-
panions of his rambles; but learning was too
sacred for him to encroach upon the printed
pages. Once, it is said, he found himself on
the banks of a river without a scrap of paper
except a fifty-pound bank note. He hesitated
long, but final!}' twisted it up with the greatest
care, and set it afloat, watching anxiously on
the opposite shore for it to touch the bank,
which it did at last, to his extreme satisfac-
tion. He had a double excitement and con-
sequent enjoyment in that day's sport. But
it was a lotteiy in which he would not like
often to take chances.
Manj- good and great men have enjoyed an
hour of hearty recreation with their children
after hours of severe study, and have found it
very conducive to their own and the children's
well-being.
Cowper, in his hours of leisure, took great
delight in the care and training of his pet
hares.
A celebrated painter kept a colony of cats
for his diversion, and took his meals in com-
pany with them. He seldom worked without
his favorite, Minnette, sitting by his side, or
snuggled down in the back of his neck.
A great book-worm, and a man of the most
remarkable memory, would never allow a
spider's web in his room to be touched, and
his couch was heavily tapestried by these in-
dustrious weavers, whose habits he watched
with the deepest interest and friendliness.
His visitors were not alwaj's as considerate,
and his first charge to them usually was, " not
to hurt his spiders." As out of taste as we
might regard such a fancy, it was bi-tterthan
the recreation of Spinoza, who used to train
spiders to fight with each other. So interested
THE FRIEND.
389
lid he grow in these contests, that he was
)fteQ heard to break out inlo immodi'rate fits
)f laughter, as one ot another gained an ad-
vantage over its adversary.
In the matter of recreation, as in everything
slse, good common sense is an excellent guide.
A.8 a general thing, physical exercise of a
moderate character is the best restorer of the
system's equilibrium after severe mental toil.
k good brisk walk with a pleasant com})aniou
is perhai)s the best of all Wholesome, nour-
ishing food, taken in very moderate quantities,
is also a vital point with them who would re-
cruit the exhausted brain-power. To do its
work the food should be appetizing. Because
3omo great man studied and wrote well on
oat-meal porridge, it is no sign that you can
do the same. A fine bit of broiled steak, with
i round of nice toast and a cup of colfee, are
much more likely to do the business lor 3-ou.
But if you add on to the toast and beef be-
cause it pleases the palate, you will probably
find your mind eflfectually clouded and be-
numbed for that day. Each one should study
his own sj'Stem and observe what habits ot
body and mind are most useful in his own
icase, and then strictly adhere to them. Every
|One should make the mostofthe powers which
iGod has given him, and not consider an^'thing
a trifle that will help to develop those powers
in the highest deijree. — Southern Observer.
ruling power in our hearts. We do not daily
and hourl3' bring our thoughts, words and ac-
tions to bo tried by the test : " Is it well-])lea8-
ing to my Heavenly Father." That most
precious language of the Psalmist: "May the
words of my mouth, and the meditations of
my heart, be acce])table in thy sight, O Lord,
my strength and my liedeemer," is no longer
the breathing of our spirits. Thus we some-
times go on for a long time, really walking
in the " Broad Way" that leads to destruction,
though we may be unwilling to admit it even
to ourselves; and having wandered far from
that path that leads Zionward. It is in the
infinite mercy of Him, who willeth not the
death of the sinner, but that all men should
return, repent and live, that His love reaches
to us even in this state of wandering and for-
getfulness of (rod. Sometimes He ])ermits
heavy outward calamities to assail us — our
business ]>rospects may be blasted, disease
may invade our powers, or the dearest of our
earthly companions may bo taken away. At
other times his judgments may bo more in the
secret of our own hearts. Our sins may be
set in order before us, and the awful con-
sciousness that we have been rejecting the
proffered raiircies of our God, may press heavily
upon us. We are awakened to a sense of our
condition, we feel that we have lost our Guide,
and that there is no other who can help us or
save us from the consequences of our own
Ibolish ways. What then is left for us, but
like the lost child, to cry out from the depth
of the heart for the return of our Guide, and
to saj' : " Lord be merciful to me a sinner."
So great is the Divine goodness, that such
a cry, uttered in sincerity', is never unheard ;
but He who puts the prayer into the heart, is
ready to answer it in Uis own way and time.
For "joy shall be in Heaven over one sinner
that repentelh, more than over ninety and
nine just persons which need no repentance."
♦-♦
The Pressure of the Armor.
The leading statesman of Hungary, M.
Francis Deak, recently remarked to Henrj-
Bichard, when the latter called upon him at
BudaPesth: "The present condition of Eu-
rope, with its enormous armaments, reminds
me of the state of things in the Middle Ages,
For "The Friend."
The Lost Child.
As I passed along the streets of our city to-
day, I was startled by the sudden out-cry of
a little child. The tones indicated that the
heart was filled with terror. Instinctively
turning to see who it was, and what was the
cause of its alarm, I found that its older care
taker had turned the corner of a street, so as
to be out of sight of the infant ; and the sense
of desertion and the feeling of being without
a protector, had nigh overpowered the feelings
of the little one, and brought Ibrth the pas-
sionate cry which was at once the expression
of its fright, and the appeal for relief
How vividly does the course of this little
one recall our own spiritual steps. Like it we
are sent out into the world with a Guide and
Companion ever near to help and direct us.
That Holy Spirit, which our Saviourpromised when men wore coats of mail, which, in the
to send to his disciples, and which should lead I supposed necessity of more effectual self-de
them into all truth, is indeed as Wm. Penn
expresses, "God's gift for man's salvation."
It raises the warning voice when wo are in
danger of being led astray by any temptation,
exciting a feeling of uneasiness in the mind,
which, if heeded, wotdd preserve us from evil.
The more watchfully we observe its monitions,
and the more faithfully we heed them, the
more fully will our lives be under its influence,
and the more safely will we move through
the varied snares and dangers that may await
us. But it too olten happens, that like a child
following its caretaker, we are diverted by
some ot the pleasing things that life presents ;
our eye is withdrawn from our Leader ; the
gentle warnings given us are unheeded amid
the loud calls of the world that surrounds us;
■we stop in our onward path to partake in the
amusements and excitements that abound ;
until we seem entirely to have lost sight of
our Heavenly Guide, and our thoughts are
absorbed in our temporal matters, and we
come to live almost as if there was nothing
fence, they went on increasing in weight,
until at last they became so crushingly heavy
as to weigh down their wearers altogether,
and then, from sheer necessity, the custom
was abandoned." The burden of the present
gigantic system of peace-armaments in Eu-
rope is indeed very getierallj' felt to be ap-
proximating that condition when, according
to a familiar proverb, " The last straw breaks
the camel's back."
The grand total of the oflfensive and defen-
sive armies of Europe, in 1874, amounts to
5,094,370 men — equivalent to the population
of Ireland, or of Belgium — all able-bodied and
vigorous, the very flower of the population,
and representing all the bread-winners of
some twenty million people, at the very lowest
estimate. All the homes of people equal to
those of five cities, each the size of the vast
British Metropolis, are thus obliged to yield
up all their adult males to military service,
temporarily or permanently ! Five millions
represents all the adult and efficient male
beyond this present world. We recognize in population of England and Wales (population
words the claims of religion, but it has no I twenty-three millions), or double that of the
vast empire of Brazil (ten millions). Esti-
mating the cost of each soldier at onl}- £30
per annum (whilst under arms), those armies
wallow up, in a totally unproductive waj-,
double the revence of tiie United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ii-eland.
In addition to all this, is the cost of guns,
war-ships, barracks, armor-plate, and a score
of otiier descripti'ins of militarj- and naval
apparatus. Herr Krupp, of (iermany, is rais-
ing a loan of some millions to enable his work-
shops to turn out an increasing number of big
guns. England, luit content with ]iroducing
the "Woolwich Infant," a huge ;>5-ton gun
(loaded with an enormous cone of 700 lbs.
weight and 112 inches in area at the base), is
now preparing an 81-ton gun. One of its
projectiles wiil weigh half-a ton, and every
time it is tired will consume tivo barrels of
gunpowder ! It will leave the gun with a
momentum oi fifteen thousand tons!
So exhausting is the drain upon the toiling
populations vrhose bread-winners are compel-
led, literallj' in millions, to abandon home for
the army, and so cruel is the strain upon the
peaceful tax-payers, that a deep low groan,
as of despair, is beginning to make itself heard
throughout the nations.
It is this sense of intense dissatisfaction
which caused Henry Bichard to be received
with such enthusiasm in some of the Conti-
nental cities, during his late journey in the
interest of peace and international arbitra-
tion.
The diffusion of the same feeling is also
making itself known in ways which are forc-
ing themselves upon the attention of the lead-
ing journalists and statesmen of the world.
The Times newspaper remarks that " the
spectacle wo now witness is one of needless
preparatiijii on all sides, vrhero no danger
threatens, or rather where the only danger is
such as arises necessarily from mistaken efforts
of security. If such a state of things is per-
mitted to continue, it will be a disgrace to
European statesmen." The Belgian corre-
spondent of the same journal remarks that
the military pressure now weighs upon every
family on the Continent. In many countries
the rich too, as well as the poor, are begin-
ning to feel the pinch severely, through the
abolition of substitutes, and the establishment
of universally compulsory service.
Even the manly martial Germans are flinch-
ing visibly from the screw. Scores of thou-
sands are emigrating and fleeing from their
loved homes and kindred, to Ameriea or Great
Britain, to escape conscription. Their jour-
nals are altering their tone, too, towards the
advocates of peace, despite the despotic mili-
tary censorship and espionage exercised by
the Bismarck type of officials. The Berlin
Exchange Gazette, in a recent article, advo-
cates a Court of International Arbitration,
because it would take away manj- of the ex-
cuses that are apt to bo raised by ambitious
or quarrelsome nations. It remarks, — " None
of the belligerent powers could any longer
place their hands u])on their hearts and ex-
claim : The war is not our fault?" For such
an International Court would, as the editor
observes, take away the excuse for wars by
offering a reasonai)le anil legal substitute.
Another German journal says " These Peace
Societies and Leagues have their importance,
however those who doubt and ridicule them,
may shake their heads." The Italian jour-
nals are far more united and outspoken, than
390
THE FRIEND.
the German, in their appreciation of move-
ments for the relief of war burdens. But
everywliere throughout Europe, it is manifest
that the old spiiit ot'ridieule and scorn towards
such movements is steadily t^iving way to a
respectful regard, even where the stage of
sympathetic union has not yet been attained.
Another significant sign is the increase of
Conferences and Congresses for amelioration
of the existing evils. The meetings at Ghent
and Brussels last year, brought together some
of the foremost jurists of Europe. Now we
hear of another Brussels Conference origi-
nated by the "Alliance Universelle," and sane
tioned by the chief courts and diplomatists of
Europe, who will send representatives. It
object is to seek to obtain a general consent
of the various Governments to rules for a
more humane treatment of prisoners of war.
From another quarter we hear that the North
German mercliants have held a Congress at
Bremen, and have memorialized Prince Bis-
marck in favor of a convention of the Maritime
Powers to draw up an international code of
Maritime Law. And there is reason to believe
that the German Government is disposed to
take some practical steps in this direction.
These and various similar movements of
the present time show that whilst, on the one
hand, there is a deepening and very pressing
sense of the burdens of peace armaments,
there is growing up, collaterally, a widely ex
tended desire for any movement in the direc
tioD of relief, and an increased appreciation
of the value of international conferences and
combined etlbrts for the amelioration of the
crushing evils of the great armaments and
the war system in general. — The Herald of
Peace.
SelL-cted.
I would just remark, that in some of the
counties in which 1 have been, some dear
young people, who were libertine in the show
of pride and finery of the world, became sober,
solid and exemplaiy. One young woman in
particular was so reached, as I sat in a Friend's
house, though I had nothing by way of tes-
timony in words to her condition; yet the
weight and exercise attending my mind at
that time, so reached her understanding, she
became a plain solid Friend, and before 1 left
England, I heard her in the ministry at a
meeting, and as I thought, to the general
satisfaction of Friends present. — Journal of
Daniel Stanton.
Scientific ^oles.
According to a Government report there
are more than two and a half millions of
Cinchona trees in the plantations on the
Neilgherry Hills. From these about 80,000
pounds of bark are obtained annually.
A patent has recently been obtained for
utilizing asbestos. This remarkable mineral
is found (often associated with serpentine) in
the form of slender, silk-like fibers; and is
almost indestructible in fire. Its want ol
tenacity alone prevents it from being spun
and woven into a cloth, which would be ex-
ceedingly useful in situiitions exposed to heat.
The patent is for associating the asbestos with
metallic wire or plates which shall furnish the
strength in which this mineral is deficient.
Theasbestos is fastened upon the wire by pres-
sure through grooved rollers, or the mineriil
may be ground into a gummy pulp, which
will adhere to the wire, and being submitted
10 the requisite pressure, will foi-m a firm and
continuous coating. The inventor suggests
numerous apjilications of his invention, which
he thinks will be useful.
A letter has recently been published on the
utilization of the sewage of Dantzic. The
land, on which it is applied is nearly pure
sand, and the yield of the Sugar Beet grown
on it is described as "enormous," while the
percentage of sugar is equal to that obtained
from roots grown in the best soil in Germany.
The decrease in the death-rate of the town is
considerable, and wastelands have been made
to bear a remunerative crop.
A new plant, known to the Indians of
Brazil as Jaborandi, has been introduced into
the Paris Pharmacopceia. It is said to be of
especial benefit in cases of fever, prodn.cing
perfuse perspiration in a more beneficial man-
ner than other known drugs.
An Anglo-Swiss company are manufactur-
ing preserved milk, near Lucerne, Switzer-
land. They use the milk of 2000 cows, which
is furnished by the peasants owning them,
under a contract. The concentrated milk
contains one-third of its weight of sugar.
Several of the tin cases, in which it is packed,
were opened for analysis, and kept open and
exposed for several months. A crystalline
crust formed at the surface, owing to the dry-
ing, but the mass underwent no change, and
the taste was as good as ever.
It appears from statistical documents (says
Les Mondes) that the eleven principal com-
mercial nations of the world, viz : Great
Britain, United States, France, Germany, Bel-
gium, Austria, IJussia, Italy, Spain, Holland
and Sweden, have more than doubled their
commerce in less than twenty years. Their
exterior commerce in 1855, was about S4,000,-
000,000; in 1872 it was 89,000,000,000. The
population of the same countries was in 1865,
271,-443,000; in 1872 it was 311,620,000. Glad-
stone recently said he supposed that during
the last 15 j'cars, Great Britain had accumu-
lated more wealth than during the whole
period of her history.
The Strait Times says that the natives of
Java use the poison of the Bamboo against
their enemies, and obtain it by cutting the
bamboo at a joint, and detaching from the
saucer-shaped cavity, formed by the cane at
such portions, some small black filaments,
which are covered with almost imperceptible
needles. The filaments constitute the venom.
When swallowed, instead of passing through
the stomach, thej- appear to catch in the
throat and work their way to the respiratory
organs, where they produce a violent cough,
followed by inflammation of the lungs.
Helmholtz, in detailing his exjjcriences of
''hay fever," says he has detected vibrios in
the nasal secretions at that period of the year,
which were not to be found at other tiines.
They required a good microscope for their
observation. This suggested the application
of a weak neutral solution of sulphate of
quinine to the nasal cavities, which always
gave him immediate though temporary relief.
^
Weatbencise. — That there is a sensitiveness
to atmo--pheric changes in the leech is gene-
rally admitted ; and the idea of using this little
creature as a sort of weather glass arose long
ago, we have evidence, in one of the early
volumes of the Gentleman's Magazine. A
correspondent of that venerable journal stated
that if a leech be kept in a phial or bottle,
partly filled with water, it will indicate ap-
proaching changes in the weather. Ho place
on a window-ledge an eight-ounce phial cor
taining a leech and about six ounces of watei!
and watched it daily. According to his def
cription, when the weather continued seren f^
and beautiful, the leech lay motionless at th
bottom of the phial, rolled in a spiral fortB
When it began to rain at noon, or a little bt
fore or after, the leech vpas found at the to
of its lodging, where it remained until th
weather became settled. When wind was ap
proaching, the leech galloped about its limpi
habitation with great liveliness, seldom rest
ing until the wind became violent. When
thunderstorm was about to appear, the ani
mal sought a lodgement above the level of th(
water, displayed great uneasiness, and movet
about in convulsive-like threads. In cleai .
I'rost, as in fine summir weather, it lay con;
stantly at the bottom ; whereas, in snow-j
weather, like as in rain, it dwelt at the verj ;
mouth of the phial. The observer covered
the mouth of the phial with a piece of lineni
and changed the water everj' week or two
He seems to have had faith in the correctnest
of his own observations and conclusions ; bui
went no further in the attempt at explanatioi
than to say, '' What reasons may be assignee
for these movements, I must leave philoso
pbers to determine ; though one thing is cvi
dent to everybody — that the leech must b(
aflfeeted in the same way as the mercury anc
spirit in the weather-glass; and has doubtless
a very surprising sensation, that change oi
weather, even duj's before, makes visible al-
teration in its manner of living." This leech-
philosophy appears to have had many believ-
ers in the last century.
In a letter to Lady Hesketh, dated 1789,
Cowper wrote in one of his (too-rare) cheer-
ful moods, and among other gossip said:
" Mrs. Throckmorton carries us to-morrow in
her chaise to Chichely. The event must, how-
ever, bo supposed to depend on the elements,
at least on the state of the atmosphere, which
is turbulent beyond measure. Saturday it
thundered, last nio-ht it lightened, and at
three this morning I saw the sky red as a
city in flames could have made it. I have a
leech in a bottle that fortells all these prodi-
gies and convulsions of nature ; not, as j'oa
will naturally conjecture, by articulate utter-
ances of oracular notices, but by a variety of
esticulatiou, which here I have not room to
ive an account of
Suffice it to say that no change of weather
surprises him, and that, in point of the ear-
liest and most reliable intelligence, he is worth
ill the barometers in the world. None of
them all, indeed, can make the least pretence
to foretell thunder, a species of capacity of
which he has given the most unequivocal evi-
dence. I gave but sixpence for him, which
is a groat more than the market price ; though
he is, in fact, or rather would be, if leeches
were not found in ever^* ditch, an invaluable
acquisition." — Chambers' Journal.
• ■
Be not troubled at disa])pointment, for if.
the}'- maj' be recovered, do it, if they cannot '
trouble is vain, if you ccild not have helped ^
it be content; there is often peace and profit i
in submitting to Providence, for alflietions j
make wise. If you could have helped it, let ,
not your tronbleexceed instruction for another ■
time; these rules will carry j-ou with firm- ^
ncss and comfort through this inconstant ;
world. — IF. Penn. i
i
THE FRIEND.
391
We have been requested to iusert the fol"
wing notice :
The fire in Chicago on the 14th of this
onth, dcstro}-ed not only the homes of a
rge number of the colored people, but three
' their meeting-houses. Several Friends
ive been engaged in First-da}- schools in
innection with thcin. The people are ver}-
)or, and aid in rebuilding the houses or fur-
shing books, &c., i'or the schools, will be
sry acceptable.
Friends disposed to contribute for either of
lese purposes may send to Kichard Cah-
JRY, 221 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.
THE FRIEND.
SEVENTH MONTH 25, 1874.
A pamphlet has recentlj* been published
1 this city with the title, "George Fox, an
jostle of evangelical spiritual Christianity,"
1 which a number of extracts from the Jour-
il and writings of that eminent man are
rought forward.
We believe that much advantage would
•ise from the circulation at the present time
' a selection from the writings of George
ox, which would exhibit in a clear and con-
snsed form the prominent features of his
lission and teachings, and give to its reader,-
ist such a view of 'his doctrines as they
light acquire from an honest, serious and in-
slligent perusal of his collected works. As
le pamphlet alluded to gives but a one-sided
iew of his religious faith, we do not think
lis can be said of it.
In ihe introductory remarks, occurs the
)llowing passage :
'•One great cause of the present confused
jndition of this branch of the Christian
hurcli, in our land, has been the recent in-
■odiiction of partial and modified editions of
16 lives and writings of members of our
ociety, who have long passed away.
'• However excellent the intentions of these
lodern compilers may have been, their prac-
ce has resulted in great detriment to the
'ruth itself, as well as in the most serious in-
istice to the characters of the parties so un-
itentionally misrepresented. Nay more, the
)jury has been lasting and widespread, to all
lose who have attempted to follow these im-
ginary examples, and to govern their own
clion, or to modify their own views, by an
[iflexible adherence to certain precise sland-
rds of doctrine and practice, thus incorrectly
;eld forth for our imitation.
" To such an extent has this been done that,
istead of our forefathers being shown to us
's they really were, (and, as Paul and Barna-
as declared to the men of Lystra, they were
Iso,) 'men of like passions as ourselves,'
'aese eminent patterns of our human nature
:ave been almost canonized as saints, and have
leen forced to appear in one uniform and im-
■ossible character.
, " Like the bed of Procustes, this ideal stand-
;rd of these compilers must be conformed to
y all their subjects; if they were too short
ir it, they were lovingly stretched to tit it,
■ they were too long, they were judiciously
lipped to the needed measure until all in-
ividuality of character and independence of
dought, seemed to have been loat sight of, in
this artificial manipulation, by the modern
biographers of our early Friends."
This is a most serious charge, and one we
believe to be untrue, and uusu])ported by the
contents of the works i-eferred to. As to the
uises of the present confused condition"
of the societ}^ of Friends, they are, the in-
culcation and spread among its members of
doctrines widely dirt'ering from those of early
Friends ; and a departure of many from that,
which the Societ}" from its origin down to
a very recent period, has always held and ac-
know'ledged ; and alse the unfaithfulness in
practice of those who are doctrinally sound.
This depai'ture has not arisen from ■■' partial
and moditied editions of the lives and writings
of members of our Society ;" on the contrary,
those who were among the earlier advocates
of "modified (Quakerism," felt the inconsis-
tency of their views with the writings re-
ferred to, and more or less openly endeavored
to controvert some of the Scriptural truths
advocated in them. This effort at change has
increased, until it is notorious that lor yeais
past, open o]iposition has been made in some
quarters to the well known and repeatedly
endorsed work, Barclay's Apology, which
from the earliest period of our historj-, has
been recognized and sanctioned as a fair state-
ment of the religious doctrines of Friends;
showing, that in proportion as a people de-
cline from their primitive purity in faith and
practice, they become prepared to disregard
or lightly esteem the writings which uphold
the original standard.
Of course, we do not certainly know what
" partial and modified editions of the lives and
writings of members of our Societj% who have
long passed away," may have been in the
mind of the writer of this pamphlet, but as
he speaks of them as "recent," it seems j^ro-
bable that he refers to the series published
some years ago under authority of Pliiladel-
l)hia Meeting for Sufferings by William and
Thomas Evans, under the title of " The
Friends' Library." This is the only exten-
sive reprint of latter time, though there have
been several isolated Journals separately
printed. If the charge is meant to refer to
this series, we believe it safe to say, that it
exhibits a recklessness of statement on serious
matters, which is very surprising. In re-
printing the Journals of our earl}- Friends,
there was some abridgment, but this was
principally in the omission of legal documents
pertaining to their persecutions and imprison-
ments, and in an allowable condensation,
which would render certain portions of them
less tedious to the general reader. There was
no attempt to " modity" their views, or to
"stretch" or to "clip" them to suit any "ideal
standard," or "bed of Procustes ;" and so far
from " serious injustice to the characters" of
our earl}- Friends, having been done by what-
ever abridgments were made, we are well satis-
fied that a careful reading and comparison of
the original editions and the reprint, would not
in any one of their Journals or Works, show
any difference in the religious doctrines main-
tained by the authors, as exhibited in the
respective editions.
We consider therefore, the charge of "artifi-
cial manipulation," grossly unjust, if it is
meant to be so applied; if it is not meant to
bo so applied it ought to have been more cau-
tiously worded.
The pamphlet contains numerous quota-
tions from the writings of George Fox, to
show how fully and unreservedly he accept-
ed the doctrine of reconciliation with God,
through the death and sutferiiigs of our Sa-
viour, Jesus Christ; and no doubt these might
have been much inci'eased, if it had beeti
needful ; or if the pamphlet was designed for
circulation among those of Unitarian ten-
dencies. We suppose there are lew, indeed,
of those who are members of our Society, who
need to be convinced of the views of Friends
on this fundamental doctrine. The members
of Philadelphia Yearly Meeting at least, would
be without excuse for ignorance, since the
otHcial documents of that body, from the early
recollection of the present genci-ation down
to the i)resent time, contain numerous avow-
als of Friends' belief in it.
But when we come to the vitally important
question, iif how we, as individuals, are to
participate in the saving effects of the offer-
ing of Christ, the teaching of the pamfihlet is
not satisfactory. It considers it a tincture of
Unitarian heresy to believe that by the aid of
the Light within, men can workout their ow-n
salvation : and its tendency is to uphold the
doctrine which Philadelphia Yearly Meeting
cautioned its members against, by an epistle
issued in 1870, — that we may experience con-
version and forgiveness of our sins, through
such a belief, and trust in the merits and
offering of Christ, as may exist in the mind,
without the heart being turned from sin and
brought into a degree of union with God,
through the work of the Holy Spirit.
George Fox himself says: "The Lord God
opened to me by His invisible power, how
' every man was enlightened by the divine
Light of Christ.' I saw it shine through all,
and that they that believed in it came out of
condemnation to the Light of life, and became
the children of it; but they that hated it, and
did not believe in it, were condemned by it,
though they made a profession of Christ."
'■ i saw Christ died for all men, was a pro-
pitiation for all, and enlightened all men and
women with His divine and saving Light;
and that none could be tiuo believers, but
those who believed therein."
In an address to magistrates issued in 1G56,
he says : " Every man of you being enlight-
ened with a light that cometh from Christ,
the Saviour of people's souls, to this Light all
take heed, that with it ye may see Christ,
from w-hoin the Light cometh ; you may see
Him to be your Saviour, by whom the world
w-as made, who saith, 'Learn of me.' But if
ye hate this Light, ye hate Christ, who doth
enlighten you all, that through Him ye might
believe. This Light is your way to salvation,
if you walk in it; and this Light is your con-
demnation, if you reject and hate it. You
can never come to Christ, the Second Priest,
until you come to the Light, which the Second
Priest hath enlightened you withal."
Indeed, it may be truly said that the great
mission of George F"ox to the world, was to call
their attention to the Light of Christ in the
heart, as the appointed way by which they
were to be led out of sin to Christ, to know
Him in all his offices, and to receive power to
become the sons of God. Hundreds of pas-
sages might be cited to prove this, for it per-
vades all his writings and teachings. With-
out obeying and uniting with this Divine
Light, and thus being led into practical holi-
ness, he taught that wo could not experience
the forgiveness of our sins. Thus in his re-
ply to Philip Taverner, he says: "So far as
392
THE FRIEND.
u man is sanctified, so far is he justified, and
no iarther, for the same that sanctifies a man
justifies liim."
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
Foreign.— The Atlanticcablelaid in 1866, and which
for a considerable time had been un.serviceable, waa re-
paired on the 14th inst., and is said to be now in per-
fect worliing order.
A eerioiis brealc occurred in tlie canal near Glasgow
on the 15th inst. The waters overflowed the neighbor-
hood causing damage to the amount of S500,000.
The Admiralty Court has awarded (he owner of the
steamer Spray $77,000; E. T. Barry $10,000, and the
Auburn $2500, salvage for towing into port the aban-
doned French steamship Amerique.
In the House of Commons the Earl of Caernarvon,
Colonial Minister, has slated that the government is
ready to accept the cession of the Fiji Islands, if made
unconditionally, but si.xteen conditions proposed by
Fiji were not acceptable. The Governor of New South
Wales had been instructed to submit the views of the
English government to the king and inhabitants of the
Fiji Islands.
The House of Commons has passed a bill abolishing
church patronage in Scotland.
An explosion took place in a colliery at Wigan on
the 18th inst., by which fifteen miners were killed.
The Queen has sent a message to Parliament asking
for a grant for her son Leopold, who attained his ma-
jority several months since.
London, 7th mo. 20th. — Consols 92i. The rate of
discount in the open market for three months bills is
2} per cent, per annum, which is | per cent, below the
Bank of England rate.
Liverpool. — Uplands cotton, 8i a S\d.
The French Assembly has rejected a proposal to
increase the tax on salt, made by JIagne, Minister of
Finance. This caused the resignation of Magne. Four-
ton, Minister of the Interior, has also resigned. It is
stated that the latter differed with his colleagues in re-
gard to the policy determined upon by them of consti-
tuting a definite government until the expiration of
MacMahon's term.
The Committee of Thirty has reported on the various
constitutional propositions referred to the committee.
The report states that the committee recognizes the irre-
vocability of President MacMahon's powers, but de-
clares the septennate merely a peace to parties for seven
years. The committee decides
bill and substitute their own,
clauses. The first maintains the title of President of
the Republic; second establishes ministerial responsi-
bility; third confers legislative power upon the two
Chambers, the appointment of members of tlie Upper
House or Senate to be the subject of a future bill. The
fourth provides that the President alone is authorized
to dissolve the Lower House, or Chamber of Deputies ;
fifth prescribes that a Congress of both Chambers shall
provide for the continuance of the government in case
Marshal MacMahon dies, resigns or reaches the end of
liis term of office.
The sixth says that no modification of constitutional
laws is to be allowed unless first proposed by the Pre-
sident. It is not believed the plan of the committee
will be adopted, as it pleases neither Republicans nor
Legitimists.
An ofBci.il note was published in Paris on the 15th
inst._, warning agriculturists and others against emi-
grating without making inquiry of the administration
in reference thereto. It is stated in the note that this
course is taken because a number of emigrants have
made application to the government for assistance to
enable them to return to France, having discovered that
they had been greatly deceived by emigration agents.
On the 20th the Assembly was notified that the vacan-
cies in the French Ministry had been filled. There
are now no Bonapartists in the Cabinet.
Madrid dispatches s.ay that sickness is prevalent
among the national troops, causing a delay in active
operations. Cuenca, 84 miles southeast of Madrid, has
been attacked by the Carlists. At Puycorda, near the
base of the Pyrennees, the Carlists suflvred a repulse
arid abandoned the siege of the town. The blockade of
Bilboa by land is complete and stringently maintained
by the Carlist forces.
Decrees have been is.oued in Madrid declaring all
Spain in a state of siege; sequestrating the property of
Carlists whose estates will be sold, liable to heavy pen-
alty to the relatives of Republicans slain, and finally
creating a special reserve of 120,000 men. Charges of
sedition or conspiracy against the State will be tried
by court-martial, and persons convicted of interfering
with the railways and telegraphs shall suffer death.
A fire broke out in Galata, a suburb of Constanti-
nople, the 16th inst., and destroyed about 200 houses.
The loss by the fire is estimated at $2,000,000.
Kullman, who attempted to shoot Prince Bismarck,
has had an interview with the latter, in which he as-
serts that he had no accomplices and was not instigated
by any one. His statement is not believed to be true.
The Berlin press declare that this attempted assassina-
tion proves the necessity of repressing ultramontane
teachings. The government has already taken mea-
sures for further restricting ultramontane agitations,
and keeping a close watch on disloyal clubs. Bismarck
has received upwards of a thausand telegrams congratu-
lating him upon his escape. The wound upon bis wrist
though superficial, caused suffering and inconvenience
for a few days.
A Carlist telegram from Bayonne, received in Lon-
don the 20th, declares that Don Alphonso entered
Cuenca on the 16th inst., and levied a corltribution of
£32,000 sterling. Two thousand of the garrison fell
prfsoners into his hands.
A Calcutta dispatch of the 19th .s,ay3 : The rivers from
Assam to Oude have overflowed their bank.s, and the
country is flooded. The damage done is very great.
Mexican advices say there are now ninety-eight Pro-
testant churches in Mexico : five years ago there were
only six.
United States.— Chicago has suffered from another
terrible conflagration which burned over an area about
half a mile long and a little less in width. The burned
district c(jntained a number of large and valuable build-
ings, but most of those destroyed were wooden houses
of no great value. The district which has been laid in
ruins was one of the worst left by the great fire, and
contained a vast number of low drinking houses. The
fire broke out on the afternoon of the 14th inst., and
was extinguished early next day. Only seven persons
are known to have perished. The total loss amounts
to four millions of dollars, more than half of which is
covered by insurance.
During the fiscal year ju.st closed the issues of postage
stamps, stamped envelopes and postal cards amounted
in value to $23,837,526.62, an increase of $3,001,046.85,
or 14.40 per cent, over the previous fiscal year.
The published reports of a large number of leading
railway companies in the United States, show adecrease
for the Sixth month of $449,832 in the gross earnings.
The foreign imports at the port of New York, for the
six months ending 6th mo. 30th, were $218,572,998, as
to .set aside Perrier's j compared with a total of $221,047,982 in the cor-
hich con.sists of six responding period of the year 1873. The revenue from
customs at New York for the last six months was $56,-
887,853, as compared with $61,981,516 for the same
period last year. The exports from New York to
foreign ports, in tlie half year ending 6th mo. 30th last,
amounted to Sl93,0o0,27.5, which is »25,743,110 greater
than in the first half of 1873.
The r.apid increase of population in the State of
Illinois is shown by the census returns. In 1830 it
had 157,445 inhabitants; in 1840, 476,183; 1850 851 -
470; 1860, 1,711,961; 1870, 2,539,891. In 1874 they
doubtless number more than three millions. The set-
tlement of this large and fertile State has been pro-
moted by its ample railroad facilities, which have been
extended to nearly every part of the country.
Marshall Jewell, the retiring Minister at St. Peters-
burg, left that city on the 19th on his return to the U.
St.ates to a.ssume the duties of Postmaster General. He
expected to sail from Liverpool for New York on the
first of Eighth month.
The interments in Philadelphia for the week ending
on the 18th inst. numbered 416, including 238 children
under two years. There were 106 deaths of cholera in-
fantum, and 24 marasmus.
The Markets, <tc. — The following were the quotations
on the 20th inst. New Fori.- American gold, lioj.
U. S. sixes, 1881, registered, 116; do. coupons, 118;
do. 1868, reg., 116J; coupon, 117|; do. 10-40 5 per
cents, 112 a 112|. Superfine flour, $4.90 a $5.25;
State extra, ^5.70 a $6.25; finer brands, $6.50 a $9.25.
Xo. 1 Chicago spring wheat, $1.33; red western, $1 32
a $1.33; new do., fl.40. Oats, 63.} a 69 cts. Yellow
corn, 80 cts. ; white, 88 a 89 cts. Phandelphia.— Cotton,
17] a 17J cts. for uplands and New Orleans. Superfine
flour, $3 50 a $4; extras, $i a $4.50 ; finer brands, -5
a $9.50. Western red wheat, $1.25 a 3^1.40; Penn-
sylvania, $1.40 ; amber, $1.45 a $1.-50; No. I spring,
$1.30. Rye, $1. Western mixed corn, 82 cts. ; yellow^
84 cts. Oats, 70 a 73 cts. Carcjiina rice, 8 J a 8 J cts!
Lard, llj a 12 cts. Sales of 2600 beef cattle, common,
5 a 5| cte. per lb. gross, and choice 7 a 7| cts. About
14,000 sheep sold at 3J a di cts. per lb. gross, and 6000
hogs at $9.62 a $9.75 per 100 lbs. net for corn fe
Chicago. — No. 2 spring wheat, $1.11 a $1.12; No. 3 d(
$1.04. No. 2 mixed corn, 62.i cts. No. 2 oats, 52 ct
No. 2 rye, 80 cts. Spring barley, $1. Lard, $11.'
per 100 lb. St. LoiiLi. — No. 2 winter red wheat, $1.]
a $1.20; No. 3 do., $1.08 a $1.10. No. 2 mixed cor
64 a 65 cts. Oats, 60 a 62 cts. No. 2 spring barle
$1.12. Rye, $1 a jfl.05. Baltimore. — Choice whi
wheat, $1.45 ; good to prime red, $1.35 a $1.42. Whi ,
corn, 92 a 93 cts. ; yellow, 83 cts. Oats, 63 a 75 cts.
WANTED.
A .suitable Friend to take the position of Writin
Teacher and Assistant Governor at Westtown Boardin
School — for next Session. Apply to
Charles Evans, 702 Race street, Philadelphia,
Clarkson Sheppard, Greenwich, New Jersey,
Joseph Walton, Moorestown, New Jersey.
SHELTER FOR COLORED ORPHANS.
Wanted, by the 1st of 10th mo. next, a suitabl
Friend for Matron for the above institution.
Application may be made to
Hannah R. Newbold, 641 Franklin St.
Mary Wood, 524 South Second St.
Mary Randolph, 247 North Twelfth St.
Anna W. Lippincott, 460 North Seventh St.
WANTED.
An unmarried Friend to take the position of Governo
at Westtown Boarding School, on or before the close c
the present session, in the lOtb month next.
Apply to
Clarkson Sheppard, Greenwich, New Jersey,
Jo.seph Walton, Moorestown, "
Charles Evans, 702 Race street, Philadelphia.
HAVERFORD COLLEGE.
The next Term will commence on Fourth-day, 9t
mo. 2nd, 1874. Applications for admissions should b
addressed to Samuel J. Gummere, President,
Haverford College, Montgomery Co., Pa.
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE.
Near Frankford, {Twenty-third Ward,) Philadelphia.
Physician and Superintendent — Joshua H. Worth
INGTON, M. D.
Applications for the Admission of Patients may b
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Board o
Managers.
Married, on the 22d of Fifth month, 1874, a'
Friends' Meeting-hou.se, New Garden, Columbiana Co.
Ohio, ElishaB. Steer, of Colerain, Belmont Co., Ohio
to Ellen C. Gilbert, of the former place.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. XLVII.
SEVENTH-DAY, EIGHTH MONTH 1, 1874.
NO. 50.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
Price Two Dollars per annum, if paid in advance. Two
dollars and fifty cents, if not paid in advance.
Subacriptioas and Payments received by
JOHN S. STOKES,
AT SO. 116 NORTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS,
PHILADELFEIA.
Postage, when paid qnarterly in advance, five cents.
For "The Friend."
A New Theory of the Universe.
tContinued from page 3S0.)
There are other features of the sidereal
Bystem which are well deserving of a careful
scrutiny. The existence of variable stars, and
of binary and multiple systems, the sudden
blazing forth of temporary stars, some of
which have excelled even Sirius in splendor,
the reputed existence of dark orbs, — all these
and many other evidences suffice to show how
much variety there is amongst the denizens
of stellar regions. That there should be such
variety is what our contemplation of the solar
eystcm leads us to expect. And indeed, when
we remember how largely the resources of
astronomy have been taxed for the detection
of the known peculiarities of the solar sj'stem,
and that, for aught we know, not a tithe of
the various orders of bodies which form that
Bystem have yet been revealed to us, surely it
seems little likely that what we know of the
' sidereal system affords the faintest conception
of the wondrouslj- varied forms of creation
which doubtless exist within the stellar spaces.
But we have yet to consider those mysteries
of mysteries — the nebulw.
According to one view, which was main-
tained until quite recently as by far the most
probable theory, nebula^ were looked upon as
in reality composed of suns, resembling our
own in magnitude and splendor, and sepa-
rated from each other by distances compar-
able to, perhaps, surpassing, the distances
which separate our sun from neighboring
fixed stars. Nebulje, in fact, were looked upon
as galaxies resembling our own, some exceed-
ing it, others falling short of it, in richness
and splendor: but all of them "island uni-
verses," to use Humboldt's expressive ver-
biage, and all of them — even the nearest —
removed from us by distances which exceed,
in an enormous proportion, the dimensions of
our galaxy. The resolvable clusters were of
course considered to be the nearest of the out-
lying universes. Accordingly, when it is re-
membered that some of these are clearly re-
solved by pigmy tubes, while there exist
■ irresolvable nebulffi of great apparent extent,
which have defied the power of the great
Parsonstown reflector, it will be seen how
largely — on the hypothesis we are coasider-
ing — the "island universes" vary in their
distances from us, and in their own dimen-
sions.
Accoi'ding to the other hypothesis, multi-
tudes of the nebula^ are outlying universes,
but not all of them. Admitting that the ma-
jority of the nebulae are aggregations ol suns,
rendered nebulous only through excessive
distance, llerschel was led to the belief that
man}' nebula- are formed in reality — as in ap-
pearance— from cosmical vapor. Ho pointed
out the remarkable contrast that exists be-
tween the small yet easily resolved clusters,
and such objects as the great Orion nebula,
and the " queen of the nebulte" in Andromeda
Both of these are distinctly visible to the
naked eye, and are yet absolutely irresolvable
even in those monster tubes which the Her-
sehels directed towards the heavens.
Herschel propounded the hypothesis that
many of these unresolved nebula are not
sidereal systems, but are formed of a nebulous
fluid resembling in some respects that which
is assumed to form the substance of comets.
He held, as a natural corollary to this view,
the opinion that nebula thus composed are
not necessarily far removed beyond the limits
of our own galaxy, but may be situated amidst
the interstellar spaces. He showed further
how there may be traced among the different
orders of vaporous or fluid nebula the stages
of a process of development leading upwards,
he held, to the formation of suns resembling
our own.
But the marvellous revelations afforded by
the spectroscope, in the able hands of Dr.
Huggins, have shown that the one great mis-
take into which it had been assumed that
Herschel had fallen, was in realitj' one of the
most remarkable of his many anticipations of
modern discoveries. We cannot, indeed, as
sert that Hersehel's speculations respecting
the genesis of stars have been confirmed.
They have not, however, been disproved.
And the great fact which he considered as the
legitimate deduction from his observations
has been placed beyond a doubt. The spectro-
scope tells us, in a manner which admits
neither of doubt nor cavil, that many of the
nebula are composed of luminous gas, and
amongst these are to be included the Orion
nebula and all the planetary nebula which
have as yet been observed. The Andromeda
nebula, about which Herschel expressed no
decided opinion, is found to shine with stellar
light. The same is the case with all the
cluster-nebula which have yet been examined
with the spectroscope.
In dealing with the accepted views respect-
ing the sidereal and nebular systems, I have
treated the two systems separately. In fact,
according to the received opinions — whether
we take the theory of those who look upon
all nebula as " island universes," or that of
those who consider that some few are to be
' excepted — the sidereal system is but a mem-
[ber of the nebular system. Just as the Suu
is one among the stars, so the Milky Way is
held to be one among the ncbuhc.
In presenting the views I have been led to
entertain respecting the constitution of tho
universe, I shall consider the two systems to-
gether— for this reason, simply, that I believe
them to form but one system.
I would not be understood to assert that
all the nebula' lie within the confines of tho
Milky Way. There may be some few which
really are external systems. For instance, I
think it not improbable that the spiral nebula
are gala.xies resembling our own. But that
the m.ajority of the nebula, and especially
such objects as the great star-cluster in Her-
cules, are to be looked upon as external uni-
vei'ses, I am disposed wholl}' to deny.
I think, indeed, that I shall bo able at once
to show the extreme improbability that even
such an object as tho Andromeda nebula is an
external universe on the assumption that the
accepted view of tho sidereal system is the
true one. Let us consider. In the Milky Way
wo are supposed to have an aggregation of
suns separated from each other — throughout
tho whole extent of the galaxy — bj' distances
comparable with the distance which separates
our Sun from tho nearest fixed stars. But so
widely are tho outer parts of the Milky Way
separated from us, that — though composed in
this manner — they appear even in our most
]")Owerful telescopes as mere patches of filmy
light. Now if the outer parts of the sidereal
disc, removed from us by only the radius of
the disc, present so faint an appearance to us
as has been described above, how inconceiv-
able would bo tho faintness of-tho whole disc
when removed to a distance exceeding itsown
diameter many hundreds of times. It would
not only not be resolvable into discrete stars
by any telescope yet constructed, but it would
be absolutelj' invisible in a telescope exceed-
ing the Parsonstown reflector a hundred-fold
in power.
We neust therefore either admit that the
outer parts of our galaxy differ wholly in con-
stitution from the parts which lie in our neigh-
borhood, or we must deny that the assumed
external clusters boar the slightest resem-
blance to our own sidereal system.
The irregular nebula are objects differing
altogether in character from all other nebulas.
Thoy cover a far lai-gor space on the celestial
vault, and are associated in the most singular
manner with fixed stars in the same field of
view. The wisps and sprays of nebulous light
which stream from the central convolutions
of such nebula, correspond, quite closely in
many instances, with streams of small fixed
stars. In many of these nebula, also, there
are sti'eams of faint nebulosity extending
towards fixed stars, and acquiring a sudden
brightness around them. Now it seems to me
that we cannot without utter improbability
consider such an an-angement as accidental.
For instance, if tho bright stai-st and ' Orionis
were wholly disconnected with the great
394
THE FRIEND.
nebula in Orion, how enormous would be the
antecedent improbability that these orbs
should appear— as they do— involved in strong
nobiiiosity, connected by streams of i'aint nebu-
losity with the great nebula. And even if we
assuined this to" be possibly due to the effects
of chance-distribution, how should we explain
the fact that similar phenomena are observed
in the otber irregular nebikla, and notably in
that mysterious object which surrounds Eta
Argus, the most remarkable variable in the
heavens.
I pass over the association often observable
between those remarkable objects the double
nebula; and double stars, though the phenome-
non is sufficiently significant. But there is one
other well-established phenomenon which de-
serves attentive consideration. Nebulro have
been observed to vary in light, or even to dis-
appear. Hind, d' Arrest, and Schmidt record
many such instances. Are we to suppose that
whole galaxies of suns have suffered in this
manner total or partial extinction? Such a
supposition is absolutely incredible. Nor can
I look on the alternative that some opaque or
semi-opaque substance has intervened between
us and these objects as having any reasonable
claim to acceptance.
The phenomena I have been discussing
seems to point to conclusions very ditJ'erent
from those which have been usually accepted
respecting the visible universe. Instead of
separating the stars and nebulro into distinct
systems, or rather of looking on the stellar
system as a member of the system of nebula^,
we seem compelled to look on almost every
object visible even in the most powerful tele-
scope as a portion of one system, which com-
prises within its range single, multiple, and
clustering stars, irresolvable nebula?, gaseous
bodies of symmetrical and unsymmetrical
figure, and in all probabilitj' myriads of other
forms of matter as yet undetected.
(To be continued.)
ror "The Friend.'
Selections from the Sew Testament and from
several Authors, on the pursuit of riches and
love of the world.
It is written "the mouth of thejust bringcth
forth wisdom." May we duly heed the pre-
cepts not only primarily of the Saviour and
His apostles but of those, our contemporaries
or of a generation preceding, who opened
their mouths with wisdom, viz: a Woolman,
a Shillitoe, a Scott, and a Barclay. _^It truly
becomes a solemn inquiry for us individually
to make, whether we are not pandering to the
spirit of this world, even in what are termed
its lawful things, and, under proper restric-
tions, allowable pursuits; its business, its
cares, its profits, its honors, its amusements!
It was the testimony of the Saviour respect-
ing the seed of the kingdom which fell among
thorns, that the cares of this world, and the
deceitfulness of riches, and the lusts of other
things within us, choked the word and it be-
came unfruitful. Seeing which, another tes-
timony of our Divine Lawgiver was never
more safe, never more needed: "Watch and
pray lest ye enter into temptation."
The extracts are subjoined : —
" Laj' 7iot up for yourselves treasures upon
earth, where moth and rust doth corrupt, and
where thieves break through and steal ; but
lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven,
where neither moth nor rust doth corrupt,
and where thieves do not break through nor
steal : for ichere your treasure is, there will your
heart be also." Matt. vi. 19—21.
"Godliness with contentment is great gain.
For we brought nothing into this world, and
it is certain we can carry nothing out. And
having food and raiment, let us be therewith
content. But they that will be rich, fall into
temptation, and a snare, and into many foolish
and hurtful lusts, which drown men in de-
struction and perdition. For the love of
money is the root of all evil; which while
some coveted after, they have erred from the
faith, and pierced themselves through with
many sorrows." — The Apostle Paul.
" Charge them that are rich in this world,
that they be not high-minded, nor trust in
uncertain riches, but in the living God, who
giveth us richly all things to enjoy." — Ibid.
jVo man that warretb entangleth himself
with the affairs of this life ; that he may please
him who hath chosen him to be a soldier." —
Ibid.
" O that our eyes may be single to the Lord !
may we reverently wait on him for strength
to lay aside all unnecessary expense of everj'
kind, and learn contentment in a plain simple
life. May we in lowliness submit to the lead-
ings of his Spirit, and enter upon any ouiwnrd
employ which he graciously points out to us,
and then whatever difficulties arise in conse
quence of our faithfulness, I trust they will
work for our good. Small treasure to a re-
signed mind is sufficient. How happy is it to
be content with a little, to live in humility, and
feel that in us, which breathes out this lan-
guage, Abba! Father." " As our understand-
ings are opened by the pure light, we experi-
ence that through an inward approaching to
God, the mind is strengthened in obedience;
and that by gratifying those desires which are
not of his begetting, these approaches to him
are obstructed, and the deceivable spirit gains
strength." " 1 often feel pure love beget long-
ings in my heart, for the exaltation of the
peaceable kingdom of Christ, and an engage-
ment to labor according to the gift bestowed
on me, for promoting an humble, plain, tem-
perate way of living : a life where no unneces-
sary cares or expenses may encumber our
minds, or lessen our ability to do good ; where
no desires after riches or greatness may lead
into hard dealing; where no connexions with
worldly minded men, may abate our love to
God, or ivealcen a true zeal for righteousness : a
life wherein we may diligently labor for re-
signedness to do and suffer whatever our
Ueavenlj' F'ather may allot for us, in recon-
ciling the world to himself" — John Woolman.
" The world hated our first Friends, because
they maintained a faithful protest against its
spirit, its maxims and manners; but in pro-
portion as we put away from us the weapons
of the Christian's warfare, and join in league
with the world, a wider door of admittance
into all companies and all societies will be
opened to us. Thus we have, indeed, occa-
sion to look well to oar steppings and stand-
ing ; remembering, that so far as we join our-
selves to the world in any respect we shall be
condemned with the world. ' If ye were of
the world,' said our blessed Lord to his im-
mediate foUovvers, ' the world would love its
own ; but because ye are not of the world, but
1 have chosen you out of the world, therefore
the world hateth you.'" "How should our
conduct give proof of our belief in this incon-
trovertible truth, that a man's life or the true
enjoyment of it, consisteth not in the abund.
ance of the things which he possesseth. Let
us learn that essential lesson of contentment icitli
little tilings as to this world, remembering that
He, whom we profess to take for our leader,
declared respecting himself, although Lord of
the whole world, ' The foxes have holes and \
the birds of the air have nests, but the Son of
man hath not where to lay his head,' so void
was he of any earthly inheritance." — Thomas
Shillitoe.
" My weary soul abhors the idea, that a
Christian can ever be at liberty, while under
the influence of Heavenly good, to seek, or
even desire, much wealth ; though this dis-
position, in direct opposition to the life and
doctrine of Christ, has gone far towards the
destruction of true spiritual religion, I believe,
in almost every religious society in the world."
— Job Scott.
" It was the remarkable testimony of an
eminent elder in the Truth, 'Not all the per-
secutions, not all the apostates, nor all the
open or private enemies we have ever had,
have done us, as a Christian Society, the
damage that riches have done.' And the j nst-
ne?s of' this observation has been in succeed-
ing times most abundantly verified and illus-
trated on every hand, in the desolation that
has generally followed the inordinate pursuit
of riches and worldly greatness, both to the
victims of this snare and to their posterity."
— John Barclay.
Palm-oil. — The process of obtaining the oil
is as follows. When the nuts are ripa they
are about the size of a walnut, of an orange
color, and full of oil. They are gathered and
thrown into troughs made by marking off a
small area, generally about six feet square,
beating the earth smooth with wooden mat-
tocks, and raising a wall of swish about eigh-
teen inches high round the floor thus pre-
pared. When the pit is about one-third full
the kernels are extracted from the husk, and
a workman, or workwoman, getting into it,
slaps the husks with her feet. This process is
continued until the oil and husks are mingled
and smashed into a kind of pudding, when the
mass is put into vessels containing water and
a fire lighted beneath. The oil separating
from the husks rises to the top, and is skim-
med off into earthen chatties containing about
five gallons. The husk is used for tinder and
manure, and not unfrequently is twisted up
to form lamp wicks. 'I'he oil thus obtained
is sometimes again clarified and used for cook-
ing purposes; but the bulk is sold to Euro-
peans and is used in the manufacture of soap,
candles, and railway grease.
Tree of Bats. — On the far side of this square
are several huge cotton-trees, amongst which
is the celebrated " Tree of Bats;" although no
one tree can appropriately receive this appel-
lation, since there are several cotton-trees in
Whydah which are the constant resort of
bats. The species is nearly three feet across
the expanded wings, and the body is as large
as that of a small chicken. They hang ia
clusters from the branches of the trees, fre-
quently two or three deep, and when a greater
number than usual attach themselves to a
branch, their weight will often break oft' the
limb, although as thick as a man's leg. The
trees they frequent are entirely stript of leaves,
although in the day-time they appear to aa
observer at a distance to be covered with grey
foliage, owing to the immense number of bats
upon them. The head of the species bears a
THE FRIEND.
395
considerable resemblance to that of a t'ox, and
the whole build of the animal denotes con-
siderable strength. The bats roost all day
upon the trees, rarelj' flying about unless dis-
turbed by a snake, and about sunset com-
mence a series of mazj' wheelings round the
trees. At this time thej' utter a sharp chirru]i,
something like the squeak of a rat, but very
much higher in pitch, so high, indeed, that I
have frequently come across individuals whose
acoustic powers had not suftieient range to
permit of their hearing the note, and on more
than one occasion I have said to Beecham,
"What a noise those bats are making;" upon
which he has observed to me, " Bats have no
mouths for talking," he being perfectly un-
conscious of their vocal powers.
Tiie Snake Temple. — Opposite Agauli, hid-
den from profane ej-es by a thick grove of
fisr-trees, which form but a mere undergrowth
when compared with several tall bombaxes
in their midst, is the far-famed snake house,
or "i)a/t« hineh," as it is usually called. The
name is derived from Dahn, a snake, and
Hwt'h, a residence. It is sometimes called
Vodun-hweh, i.e., the fetiche house; and, again,
" Danhfjhwe-hweh." or the big snake (python)
house. I was much disappointed at this re-
nowned fetiche, for instead of a respectable
temple, I found nothing but a circular swish
hut, with a conical roof ; in fact, an enlarged
model of the parian inkstand to be seen in
every toy-shop. There was a narrow door-
way on the eastern side leading to the interior,
the floor of which was raised a foot above the
street. The walls and floor were whitewashed,
and there were a few rude attempts at reliefs
in swish. From the roof there depended
several pieces of colored cotton yarn, and
several small pots containing water were dis-
tributed about the floor. The roof was raised
above the circular walls by short projecting
pieces of bamboo ; and, coiled up on the top of
the wall, or twining round the rafter,^, were
twenty-two pythons. The creatures were the
ordinary brown and pale yellow reptiles,
whose greatest length is about eight feet.
They were the sacred Danbgbwes, whose
power was relied upon to save the kingdom
from the conquering armies of Agajah. It
was the tutelary saint of Whydah, and when
that kingdom was conquered, was introduced
into the Dahoman Pantheon.
So recent as the late king's reign, if a native
had the misfortune to accidentally (for no one
would have the temerity to purposely) kill a
Danhgbwe, he was at once sacrificed, and his
wives and property confiscated to the church.
At the present time, the defaulter has to un-
dergo a foretaste of the suS'erings of his por-
tion hereafter. A meeting of all the fetichists
in the neighborhood is convened, and a hut
of sticks, thatched with long dry grass, is
erected in the open space before the snake-
house. Within this structure the victim is
seated, his clothes and body being well daubed
with palm-oil mixed with the fat of the mur-
dered deity. At a given signal the hut is
fired, and as the materials are dry as tinder,
the whole edifice is at once in a blaze, while
the clothes of the victim of this salamandrine
rite are soon on fire. The poor wretch rushes
out of the blazing hut and makes for the near-
est water with all speed, but the ^^ Danhgbwe-
no," snake mothers, or " Danh-si," snake wives,
i. e., fetiche priests, are prepared with sticks,
pellets of swish, and other missiles, to merci-
lessly belabor the luckless offender the whole
of the distance. Few are able to run the
gauntlet, but are literally clubbed to death by
the furious priests. Xo wonder the people
stand in awe of a creature, the killingof which
entails so fearful a punishment.
" The '•omnipotent" cloth. — The mats cover-
ing the massive basket that had been brought
in by the Tononuu were then remove<l, and a
gigantic piece of patchwork was unrolled.
This was the Nun-u-i)we-to, or ■' omnii^otonl"
cloth, formed of samples of every kind of
textile fabric that is imported into the king
dom. It is the duty of the Uegan, or custom-
house ofticers, to levy a piece of every diflerent
kind of cloth, to augment this "able-todo-
anything" robe. Its formation was commenced
by Gezu, and it has assumed the enormous
length of four hundred yards and a breadth
of about ten feet. The pieces are not of uni-
form size, varying from a square foot to a full-
sized piece, three feet by nine. The various
kinds of cloth, such as denharas, chintzes,
silks, vento-pullams, velvets, &e., are arranged
hu])-hazard, and are of every hue and design
that can be imagined. Reds, blues, greens, yel-
lows, browns, blacks, and whites are mingled
indiscriminately; while striped, checked, plaid,
and figured patterns add to the medley. —
Dahomey as it is.
Fur " The Frieud.''
Reform School at Jamesbnrg, N. J.
Somej'earsagoa few benevolent individuals
became interested in the condition of those
young people in New Jersi^y, many of them
mere children, who were brought before the
Courts of Justice for petty stealing and other
offences against the laws. To commit them
to the ordinary prisons for detention, where
they would be associated with older criminals,
and would bo almost destitute of mental or
moral training, seemed almost like consigning
them to hopeless degradation. An attempt
had already been made to establish an institu-
tion for the care of such, under the authority
of the State, but had failed through misman-
agement or from becoming involved in party
politics. After making some preliminary in-
quiries and consultations, a few friends called
on Joel Parker, at that time the Governor of
the State, and urged him to introduce into
his message to the Legislature, a paragraph
calling attention to the urgent need which
existed for action on this subject. His message
had already been written and sent to the
printer ; but influenced by the representations
made to him by disinterested men, who were
evidently actuated by no partisan motives, he
recalled the message, and added a few lines
as he had been requested. This was in the
First month of 18G-I. The proposition was
favorably received and a commission of three
persons appointed, who visited institutions
established elsewhere for similar purposes,
and collected such information as enabled
them to make a report to the Legislature re-
commending the founding of a Reform School
under the care of the State, for the reception
of juvenile criminals. An act was passed al-
most without opposition, in accordance there-
with, Trustees appointed, and §15.000 appro-
priated to carry out the scheme. After mature
deliberation, a farm of 500 acres was selected
near Jamesburg, on an open, elevated, and
gently rolling country, a building site chosen
near the centre of the tract, and an additional
appropriation of SGO,000 obtained from the
State. The school was opened fir the recep-
tion of inmates in the summer of 1807.
The writer was much interested in a recent
visit to this institution. There were about
160 boys there, of whom some 10 were colored.
In addition to the main building, there were
two large dwellings, containing each a school-
room, lodging rooms, &c. One of these was
yet unfinished. The other was occupied by a
man and his wife, who had in their family
about 40 of the bm-s, who by their good con-
duct had been deemed worthy of being so
favored. It is designed to extend these family
arrangements, so as to bring more and more
of the boj's under a home-like influence. The
rooms were light, well ventilated, and cheer-
ful. The windows were not obstructed with
bars and gratings, and there were no indica-
tions of jjh^'sical restraint. The buildings were
constructed, and the family arrangements
made as in any ordinary boarding school.
The personal influence of the officers, the re-
straining ert'ect of regular discipline, the kind
but firm treatment of the boys, and the com-
forts with which they were surrounded, ap-
peared to be relied on, instead of bars and
holts, to ])revent them from leaving the place.
Occasionally, one of them becomes unsettled
and runs away ; but these cases are not numer-
ous, and the absconding one is generally soon
brought back. The great mass of the chil-
dren ]M-obably live in much greater comfort
and happiness than they enjoyed before com-
ing to the institution, and they seem to regard
it as their home and to identify themselves
in measure with its interests.
Nearly all of the work of the farm, the care
of the house, and much of the cooking is done
by the boys. This furnishes employment for
many of them. Others are engaged in can-
ing chair seats, shoemaking and sewing. The
time ap])ropriated to school is about three
hours a day.
It was late in the atternoou when we reached
the place. One com)Kiny of boys was work-
ing in the long lane that leads from the public
road to the buildings. They had been cutting
the grass on the road-side, gathering it up to
bo hauled to the barn, and giving the whole
lane a neat and clean appearance. Others
were hauling in hay from the more distant
fields. They had already housed about 100
tons. On the play-grounds, a number were
amusing themselves at base-ball, and others
lying in groups on the ground conversing, or
watching the players.
When supper-time came, all those on the
play-ground formed into a line, and all the
absentees were accounted for. Then at a
given signal, the whole line faced towards the
school building, and at a second signal each
with regular and measured step, quietly moved
onward. This systematic movement is carried
out in all their collections and in changing
from one room to another, and greatly helps
in the prevention of confusion and the preser-
vation of good order among so largo a com-
pany.
The schools wore taught by women, so far
as we observed, though it is probable the
superintendent and his assistant may help in
them. The children arc graded according to
their degree of advancement.
When collected in the largo room, prior to
being dismissed to their beds, the first thing
done is the reading of the reports from the
different rooms, showing the marks for merit
or demerit which have been earned during the
day. These marks form an important item
in the influences brought to bear on the chil-
396
THE FRIEND.
dren, since their average represents the general
character of the bo}', and to some extent re-
gulates the amount of privileges allowed him.
On this occasion, one colored boj' received 25
marks of merit, for being the best behaved
boy in his class; others, a smaller number for
especial proficiency in their lessons ; and some
had from 5 to 10 marks of demerit for Ij'ing,
and tearing their clothes through carelessness
or rough plaj'. This is usfially following by
religious exercises of some kind. On the pre-
sent occasion, the Superintendent, who had
been absent for a few days, made a short
speech expressing his gladness to see them
once more, &c. A time of silence followed,
after which some remarks of a religious nature
were made.
Nothing like disorder or insubordination
was witnessed during any part of our stay,
and the general impression made upon us was
decidedly favorable. When one considers the
comparatively favorable situation in which
these boys are placed, their opportunities for
intellectual and moral improvement, the prac-
tical business training tbey receive, and the
health-giving effect of open air and regular,
abundant and simple food — and compares it
with the former lot of the same class of chil-
dren, shut up in the common jails in contact
-with hardened criminals ; a feeling of satisfac-
tion arises at the progress of reform in this
direction, and of respect for those individuals
-whose persistent effort, thoughtful study and,
watchful care have brought the institution'
thus far on its path of usefulness.
Selected.
The following Poem i.s from the pen of Celia Thaxter,
•whose father had charge of the light-house on White
Island, one of the Isles of Shoals, off New Hampshire.
C. T. often assisted her father in lighting the lamps,
and the poem alludes to the wreck of the brig Pocha-
hontas, lost on the neighboring shore.
I lit the lamps in the light-house tower,
For the sun dropped down, and the d,ay was dead,
They shone like a glorions clustered flower,
Ten golden and five red.
Looking across, where the line of coast
Stretched darkly, shrinking away from the sea,
The lights sprang out at its edge,— almost
They seemed to answer me.
O warning lights, burn bright and clear,
Hither the storm comes! Leagues away
It moans and thunders low and drear, —
Burn till the break of day !
Good night ! I called to the gulls that sailed
Slow past me thro' the evening skv ;
And my comrades, answering shrilly, hailed
Me back with boding cry.
A mournful breeze began to blow.
Weird music it drew thro' the iron bars.
The sullen billows boiled below.
And dimly peered the stars ;
The sails that flecked the ocean floor
From east to west, leaned low, and fled ;
They knew what came in the distant roar '
That filled the air with dread !
Flung by a fitful gust, there beat
^ Against the window a dash of rain,
Steady as tramp of marching feet
Strode on the hurricane.
It smote the waves for a moment still.
Level and deadly white for fear ;
The bare rock shuddered,— an awful thrill
Shook even my tower of cheer.
Like all the demons loosed at last.
Whistling and shrieking, wild and wide,
The mad wind raged, and strong and fast
PvoUed in the rising tide.
And soon in ponderous showers the spray.
Struck from the granite, reared and sprung.
And clutched at tower and cottage grey,
Where overwhelmed they clung
Half drowning, to the naked rock ;
But .still burned on the faithful light,
Nor faltered at the tempest's shock,
Through all the fearful night.
Was it in vain ? That knew not we,
We seemed, in that confusion vast
Of rushing wind, and roaring sea,
One point whereon was cast
The whole Atlantic's weight of brine.
Heaven help the ship should drift our way !
Xo matter how the light might shine
Far on into the day.
When morning dawned above the din
Of gale and breaker, boomed a gun !
Another ! We who sat within,
Answered with cries each one.
Into each other's eyes with fear
We looked, thro' helpless tears, as still,
One after one, near and more near.
The signals pealed, until
The thick storm seemed to break apart,
To show us, staggering to her grave.
The fated brig. We had no heart
To look, for naught could save !
One glimpse of black hull, heaving slow,
Then closed the mists o'er canvass torn
And tangled ropes, swept to and fro
From masts that raked forlorn.
Weeks after, yet ringed round with spray.
Our island lay, and none might land ;"
Though blue the waters of the bay
Stretched calm on either hand.
A nd when at last from the distant shore
A little boat stole out to reach
Our loneliness, and bring once more
Fresh human thought and speech.
We told our tale, and the boatman cried
'"Twas the Pocahontas, — all were lost!
For miles along the coast the tide
Her shattered timbers tost."
Then I looked the whole horizon round, —
So beautiful the ocean spread
About us, o'er those sailors drowned .'
"Father in Heaven," I said, .
A child's grief struggling in my breast,
" Do purposely thy creatures meet
Such bitter death ? How was it best
These hearts should cease to beat ?
O, wherefore ! Are we naught to thee ?
Like senseless weeds that rise and fall
Upon thine awful sea, are we
No more then, after all?"
And I .shut the beauty from my sight,
For I thought of the dead that lav below ;
From the bright air faded the warmth and light,
And there came a chill like snow.
Then I heard the far-oft' rote resound,
AVhere the breakers slow and slumberous rolled,
And a subtle sense of thought profound
Touched me with power untold.
And like a voice eternal spake
That wondrous rhythm, and " Peace be still,"
It murmured ; " bow thy head, and take
Life's rapture and life's ill.
And wait. At last all .shall be clear."
The long, low, mellow music rose
.•ind fell, and soothed my dreaming ear
With infinite repose.
Sighing, I climbed the light-house stair,
Half forgetting my grief and pain ;
.\nd while the day died, sweet and fair,
I lit the lamps again.
It is of the Lord's mercies that wo are not
consumed, because his compassions fail not.
They are new every morning; great is thy
faithfulness.
Ancient Buins m Arizona. — A letter to the
St. Louis Republican gives the following inter-
esting account of some ruins recently discov-
ered in Arizona:
"A careful examination of extensive ruins,
found some miles east of Florence, on the
Gila Elver, has been made. Lieutenant Ward
was the first explorer who came upon the
desolate remains of a once imposing archi-
tectural pile. It has been deserted perhaps
for more than a thousand years, and has been
crumbling away in the wilderness. The
Apache even never pitched his tent upon the
spot so thickly strewn with fragments of the
work of a perished race. The principal ruin
is a parallelogram fortification, six hundred
feet in width by sixteen huudredfeet in length.
The walls, which were built of stone, have
long been overthrown and are overgrown by
trees and vines. In many places a mere ridge
indicates the line of the wall, the stones hav-
ing disappeared beneath the surface. Within
the inclosed area are the remains of a greater
structure, 200 by 260 feet, constructed of
roughlj'-hewn stones. In some places the
walls remain almost perfect to a height of some
twelve feet above the surface. On the east
side of the granda casa there are two open-
ings of an oval shape which doubtless served
the purpose of windows. On the inner sides
of the walls of the palace, for such it doubt-
less was, there are yet perfectlj' distinct trac- ■
ings of the image of the sun. There are two
towers, at the southeast and southwest cor-
ners of the great enclosures, still standing,
one of which is twenty-six and the other
thirty-one feet high. These have evidently
been much higher, as the broken tops and
the amount of debris near their base indicate.
A few copper implements, some small golden
ornaments — one being an image of the sun
with a perforation in the middle — and some
stone utensils, and two rudely-carved stone
vases, much like those found at Zupetaro and
Copan, in Central Ainerica, are all the works
of art yet discovered. No excavations have
been made as yet to determine fully the ex-
tent and character of these ruins.
" The ruins are situated in a small plain,
elevated nearly two hundred feet above the
bed of the Gila. Just west of the walls of the
fortification there is a beautiful stream of
water having its source in the mountains,
which crosses the plain, and by a series of
cataracts falls into the Gila about two miles
below. The fragments of pottery and pol-
ished stone reveal a condition of civilization
among the builders of these ruins analogous
to that of the ancient Peruvian, Central Am-
erican and Mexican nations. The country
in the vicinity is particularly wild and un-
usuallj' desolate. No clue to the builders of
this great fortified palace, with its towers and
moat, has been, or is likely ever to be discov-
ered. One thing, however, is apparent, that
this whole country was once peopled by
a race having a higher grade of civilization
than is found among any of the native tribes
of the later ages. But whether this race were
the ancestors of the Pimos, or some extinct
people, is not, and cannot certainly be known,
The ruins on the Gila are another uncovered
Palenque, another Copan, an Allan exposed
at last to bewilder and confound. It is un-
derstood that these extensive ruins will be
thoroughly explored within the present year."
Believers faith is more precious than gold.
THE FRIEND.
397
The Phenomena of Sleep.
Dr. Egbert Guernsey, in the Medical Union,
thus discourses of sleep, iVom a physician's
point of view.
How is sleep induced, and what is the con-
dition of the brain during this period of rest
which occupies nearly- one-third of our lives,
are questions not merely of curiosity but of
real practical use. Either the nervous mass
as a whole is quiescent, undisturbed by cur-
rents of nervous energy, or currents are still
kept up, but at an even, unaltering pace.
The latter conclusion seems the most plausi-
ble, and is more distinctly borne out by facts.
The nervous system is seldom allowed to fall
into entire somnolence, but however profound
the slumber, the mind still seems to retain
•waking impressions, and is to a certain extent
under their influence even in sleep. A person
even ver}- much fatigued, who has previously
accustomed himself to that self-discipline, will
fall into a deep and sound slumber, and yet
wake up promptly at a time specified in his
waking moments, notwithstanding he might
have slumbered for hours had it not been for
this act of the will. A gentleman, who in the
prosecution of his business is obliged to travel
constantly, taking the train at all hours, and
catching his sleep when and where he can get
it, informs me he never has any trouble, how-
ever much fatigued he may be, in waking at
any specified time. Even without this strong
exercise of the will power, the brain, however
profoundly quiescent, is keenly alive to cer-
tain sounds, however oblivious it may be to
others. The physician hears the first tap of
his night-bell, though he might sleep on un-
disturbed while a band of music was playing
in front of his windows, or the roar of the
thunder or the crash of artillery was making
the windows rattle and the bed tremble be-
neath him. The mother starts from her deep
slumber at the first cry of her child, her ear
quickly catching, however profound may be
her sleep, almost its altered breathing.
It is said of a young man, a midshipman,
wishingto commend himself to the command-
er, spent eighteen hours out of the twenty-
four, in watching and recording the signals,
only retiring to rest when utterly exhausted.
Then his slumber was so profound that the
loudest noise would produce no impression,
but simply whisper in his ear the word " sig-
nal," and in an instant he was on his feet,
wide awake and te&dy for duty. We are all
familiar with a kind of waking sleep, in which
a perfect stillness or some monotonous sound
lulls us into a kind of semi-unconsciousness.
Any disturbing element may rouse up the
currents of nerve force into full activity, but
without them consciousness gradually disap-
pears, according as the nerve currents are un-
varied in their degree, until sleep, more or
less profound, is produced.
Facts such as we have stated are in favor
of a certain low degree of nerve action as ex-
isting under every variety of state, from the
light sleep to the most profound. On this
hypothesis, when all the currents of the brain
are equally balanced and continue at the same
pitch, when no one is cotnmencing, increasing
or abating, consciousness or feeling is null and
the mind is quiescent. A disturbance of this
state of things wakens up the consciousness
for a time; the variety of stimula in the
■waking state forbidding this perfect equili-
brium from being attained. * * * *
Sleep is a positive necessity. It is a period
of recuperation, during which there is a res-
toration of what has suffered collapse, waste
or disturbance during the period of waking
activity. The tired brain and the aching
muscles regain, by rest, strength and power
to obey the mandates of the will. The de-
mands of the material form for rest are so
great as often to defy the action of the mind.
During the cholera summer of 1S4!), while
prasticing in the countr}', so constant and
fiitiguing were my professional labors that I
have often ridden for miles on horseback sound
asleep. Almost every physician in active
practice during periods of epidemics, when
his strength was taxed to the utmost, has
dropped into a sleep, as I have done many
times, while walking in the streets.
])uring the battle of the Nile many of the
boys engaged in handling ammunition fell
asleep even while the roar of the battle was
ffoinir on around them. It is said in the re-
treat to Corunna whole battalions of infantry
slept while in rapid march. Even the most
acute bodily sufferings are not always sufficient
to prevent sleep. The worn-out frame of the
victim of the Inquisition has yielded to its in-
fluence in the pause of his tortures upon the
rack, and for a moment he has forgotten his
sufferings. The Indian burned at the stake,
in the interval between the preliminary tor-
ture and the lighting of the fire, has sweetly
slumbered, and been only aroused bj' the
flame which was to consume him curling
around him.
Three Good Lessons. — "One of my first
lessons," said Sturgis, the eminent merchant,
"was in 1813, when I was eleven years old.
My grandfather had a fine flock of sheep,
which were carefully tended during the war
of those times. I was the shepherd boy, and
my business was to watch the sheep in the
fields. A boy who was moi-e fond of his book
than the sheep was sent with me, but left the
work to me, while he la}' under the trees and
read. I did not like that, and finally went to
my grandfather and complained of it. I shall
never forget the kind smile of the old srentle-
man as he said :
"Never mind, .Tonathan, m}' boy ; if you
watch the sheep you will have the sheep."
" ' What does grandfather mean by that?'
I said to myself. ' I don't expect to have
sheep.' My desires were moderate, and a
fine buck was worth a hundred dollars. I
could not exactly make out in my mind what it
was, but I had great confidence in him, for he
was a judge, and had been to Congress in
Washington's time ; so I concluded it was all
right, and I went back contentedly to the
sheep. After I got into the field I could not
keep his words out of my head. Then I
thought of Sunday's lesson : ' Thou has been
faithful over a few things; I will make thee
ruler over many things.' I began to see
through it. 'Never you mind who neglects
his duty; be you faithful, and you will have
3'our reward.'
" I received a second lesson soon after I
came to New York as a clerk to the late Ly-
man Eeed. A merchant from Ohio, who
knew me, came to buy goods, and said :
' Make yourself so useful that thej' cannot do
without you.' I took his meaning quicker
than I did that of my grandfather.
'' Well, I worked upon these two ideas until
Lyman Eeed offered me a partnership in the
business. The first morning after the part-
nership was made known, James Geery, the
old tea merchant, called to congratulate me,
and ho said : ' You are all right now. I
have only one word of advice to give you.
l>e careful who j-ou walk the streets with.'
That was lesson number three.
And what valuable lessons they are! Fi-
delity in all things; do your best for your
employers; carefulness about your associates.
Let every bo}- take these lessons home and
study them well. They are the foundation
stones of character and honorable success.
For ■' Thii Frion.i."
The Little Lanil of Appinzell.
(CoiU'IuJfd from page o?ilJ.)
Now came the question of releasing the
tired Landammaner of the previous year from
oflice. The first a|)plicution in order was that
of the governing Landamman, Dr. Ziircher.
The people voted directly thereupon ; there
was a strong division of sentiment, but the
majority allowed him to resign. His place
was therefore to be filled at once. The names
of candidates were called out by the crowd.
There were six in all ; and as both the mem-
bers of the Council were among them, the
latter summoned six well known citizens upon
the platform, to decide the election. The first
vote reduced the number of candidates to two,
and the voting was then repeated until one of
these received an undoubted majority. Dr.
Koth, of Teufen, was the fortunate man. As
soon as the decision was announced several
swords were held up in the crowd to indicate
where the new governor was to be found.
The musicians and pike men made a lane to
him through the multitude, and he was con-
ducted to the platform with the sound of fife
and drum. He at once took his place between
the swords, and made an address, which the
people heard with uncovered heads. He did
not yet, however, assume the black silk mantle
which belongs to his oflice. He was a man
of good presence, prompt, and self possessed
in manner, and conducted the business of the
day very successfully.
The election of the remaining members oc-
cupied much more time. All the five appli-
cants were released from service, and with
scarcelj-a dissenting hand ; wherein I thought
the people showed very good sense. The case
of one of these officials, Eulcr, the treasurer,
was rather hard. The law makes him per-
sonall}' responsible for every farthing which
passes through his hands. Having, with the
consent of the Council, invested thirty thous-
and francs in a banking-house at Ehoineck,
the failure of the house obliged him to pay
this sum out of his own pocket. lie did so,
and then made preparations to leave the Can-
ton in case his resignation was not accepted.
For most of the places, from ten to fourteen
candidates were named, and when these were
reduced to two, nearly equally balanced in
popularfavor, the voting became very spirited.
The apparitor, who was chosen on account of
his strength of voice, had hard work that daj'.
The same formula must be repeated before
ever^- vote, in this wise: " Herr, Landamman,
gentlemen, faithful and beloved fellow citi-
zens and brethren of the Union, if it seems
good to you to choose so and-so as your trea-
surer for the comingj'ear.so lift up your hands!"
Then, all over the dark mass, thousands of
hands flew into the sunshine, rested a mo-
ment, and gradually sank, with a fluttering
motion, which made me think of loaves flying
398
THE FRIEND.
from a hill side forest in the autumn winds.
As each election was decided, and the choice
was annouced, swords were lifted up to show
the location of the new oflScial in the crowd,
and ho was then brought upon the platform,
with fife and drum. Nearly two hours elapsed
before the gayjs were filled, and the govern-
ment was again complete.
Then followed the election of judges for the
judicial districts, who in most cases were al-
most unanimously re-elected. These are re-
peated from year to year, so long as the peo-
ple are satisfied. Nearly all the citizens of
Outer lihoden were before me ; I could dis-
tinctly see three-fourths of their faces, and I
detected no expression except that of a grave
conscientious interest in the proceedings.
Their patience was remarkable. Closely
packed, man against man, in the hot, still
sunshine, they stood quietly for nearly three
hours, and voted two hundred and seven times
before the business of the day was completed.
A few old men on the edges of the crowd
slipped away for a quarter of an hour, and
some of the younger fellows also, but they
generally returned and resumed their places
as soon as refreshed.
The close of the Landsgemeinde was one of
the most impressive spectacles I ever wit-
nessed. When the elections were over, and
DO further duty remained, the Pastor Etter
of HundroyI ascended the platform. The
governing Landamman assumed his black
mantle of office, and after a brief pra3'er, took
the oath of inauguration from the clerg3'man.
He swore to further the prosperity and honor
of the land, to ward off misfortune from it, to
uphold the constitution and laws, to protect
the widows and orphans, and to secure the
equal rights of all, nor through favor, hostility,
gifts or promises, to be turned aside from do-
ing the same. The clergyman repeated the
oath, sentence by sentence, both holding up
the oath-fingers of the right hand, the people
looking on, silent and uncovered.
The governing Landamman now turned to
the assembly, and read them their oath, that
they likewise should further the honor and
prosjierity of the land, preserve its freedom
an<l its equal rights, obey the laws, protect
the council and the judges, take no gift or
favor from any prince or potentate, and that
each one should accept and perform, to the
best of his ability, any service to which he
might be chosen. After this had been read,
the Landamman lifted his right hand, with
the oath-fingers extended ; his colleagues on
the platform, and every man of tbe ten or
eleven thousand present did the same. The
silence was so profound that the chirp of a
bird on the hill side took entire possession of
the air. Then the Landamman slowly and
solemnly spoke those words: "I have well
understood that — which has been read to me ;
— I will always and exactly observe it, — faith-
fully and without reservation, — so truly as I
wish and pray — that God help me !" At each
pause, the same words were repeated by every
man, in a low, subdued tone. The hush was
BO complete, the words were spoken with such
measured firmness, that 1 caught each as it
came, not as from the lips of men, but from
a vast supernatural murmur in the air. The
effect was indescribable. Far off on the hori-
zon was the white vision of an Alp, but all
the hidden majesty of those supreme moun-
tains was as nothing to the scene before me.
"When the lust words had been spoken, the
hands sank slowly, and the crowd stood a
moment locked together, with grave faces and
gleaming ej'cs, until the feeling that had de-
scended upon them passed. Then they dis
solved ; the Landsgemeine was over. * * *
Since the business was over, I judged that
the people would be less reserved — which in-
deed was the case. Nearly all with whom I
spoke, expressed their satisfaction with the
day's work. I walked through the crowds in
all directions, vainlj' seeking for personal
beauty. There were few women present, but
I was surprised at the great proportion of
undersized men ; only weaving in close rooms,
for several generations, could have produced
so many squat bodies and short legs. The
Appen7A'llers are neither a handsome nor a
picturesque race, and their language harmon-
izes with their features ; but I learned, during
that day at HundroyI, to like and respect
them.
The people of each parish, I learned, elect
their own pastor, and pay him his salary. In
municipal matters, the same democratic sys-
tem prevails as in the Cantonal government
Education is well provided for, and the morals
of the community are watched and guarded
by a committee, consisting of the pastor and
two officials elected by the people. Outer-
Rhoden is almostexclusively Protestant, while
Inner-Rhoden — the mountain region around
the Sentis — is Catholic. Although thus geo-
graphically and politically connected, there
was formerly little intercourse between the
inhabitants of the two parts of the Canton,
owing to their religious differences; but now
they come together in a friendly way, and are
beginning to intermarry.
Taking a weaver of the place as guide, 1
set off early the next morning for the village
of Appenzell, the capital of Inner-Ehoden.
The way led me back into the valley of the
Sitter, thence up towards the Sentis Alp,
winding around and over a multitude of hills.
The same smooth, even, velvety carpet of
grass was spread upon the landscape, covering
every undulation of the surface, except whei'e
the rocks had frayed themselves through.
There is no greener land upon the earth.
The grass, from centuries of cultivation, has
become so rich and nutritious, that the in-
habitants can no longer spare even a little
patch of ground for a vegetable garden, for
the reason that the same s])ace produces more
profit in hay. The green comes up to their
very doors, and they grudge even the foot-
paths which connect them with their neigh-
bors. Their vegetables are brought up from
the lower valleys of Thurgau. The first mow-
ing had commenced at the time of my visit,
and the farmers were employing irrigation
and manure to bring on the second crop. By
this means thej'are enabled to mow the same
fields every five or six weeks. The process
gives the whole region a smoothness, a mel-
low s]ilendor of color, such as I never saw
elsewhere, not even in England. * * *
Early in May the herdsmen leave their
winter homes in the vallej's, and go with their
cattle to the loftj^ mountain pastures. The
most intelligent cows, selected as leaders for
the herd, march, in advance, with enormous
bells, sometimes a foot in diameter, suspend-
ed to their necks by bands of embroidered
leather; then follow the others, and the bull,
who, singularly enough, carries the milking
pail garlanded with flowers, between his horns,
brings up the rear."
The Appenzeller goes joyously up to his
summer labor and makes his herb-cheese on
the heights, while his wife weaves and em-
broiders muslin in the valley until his return.
Bushing to Death. — Returning from an en-
jo3-able trip to the country, accompanied by a
lady friend, we had the misfortune to lose the
train, arriving at the depot Justin time to see
it moving off; whereupon my friend, with an
agility which might have delighted me under
other circumstances, risked her life by at-
tempting to spring on the steps of the rear:
car. Perhaps her leap might have ended suc-
cessfully; perhaps life or limb been endanger-
ed : but I frustrated the ra-<h attempt and
edified her with a moral lecture concerning'
the suicide while we waited for the next'
train. I think that it is better to lose twenty
minutes, or even half an hour, than to risk a
life; yet we everywhere read of people who
run these fearful risks too often unsuccessfully.
Very recently a distinguished graduate of a
Virginia university wanted to deposit a letter
in the post-oflSce on the other side of the rail-
road track. A locomotive was approaching,
he thought he could cross before the ponder-j'
ous engine could come along. He miscalcu
lated the speed. In another moment ho was!
a shapeless mass. Had he waited two minutes
— half a minute — the train would have passed
along, and he could have deposited his letter.
A young lady wished to show her friends how
easily she could cross in front of a locomotive ;'
she did cross, but her streaming dress caught
in the passing wheels, drawing her back under
its crushing weight.
One day a young wife looked from her
chamber- window and saw her husband leave
the cars, which daily passed her homo. She
ran down the stairs to greet him at the door,
but when she reached it he was not there.
She thought he was playing her a little trick;
she called for him playful!}-, but there was
no answer. She saw a crowd of men approach
the gate, open it, come up the path with her
dead husband. He did alight from the cars
and safely step upon the platform before the
station. There was a train in an opposite
direction ; he thought he had plenty of time
to cross in front of it, and did cross except by
one single inch ; the wheel struck the heel of
his boot, wheeled him around under the cars,
and all was over; one minute longer and he
could have crossed with the locomotive be-
hind him. Limbs are broken, lives are lost
every year, in any large city, by attempting
to cross in front of moving horses or vehicles.
And all this foolhard}^ daring that a few mo-
ments of time may bo saved. — iV A. and U.
S. Gazette.
Gospel Love. — Oh, that every awakened
soul would daily seek after the sweot influ-
ences of gospel love ! It sweetens society ; it
begets its likeness in others ; it excites grati-
tude ; and even if bestowed on the ungrateful|i
(as saith our dear Redeemer, love's holy and
exhaustless fountain, the rain falls on the just
and on the unjust,) it brings its own sweet re-
ward with it ; for it attracts the approbation
of God. Where then will be contempt? where
the indulgence of evil eurmisings and hard
thoughts? whore, either studied or careless
detraction? where, even the needless disclo-
sure of real failings? where the least place
for any enmity ?
THE FRIEND.
399
I The Hermit Bird. — Francis Legiiat, tlj'ing
•Viini France with a Protestant parlj', came
II KiOl to the Island of Rodriguez, till then
.11 1 explored, and lived there two 3-ears. The
1 ^tory of our compatriot's " Travels and Ad-
I rentures" has been published; we find in it
the description of the tine bird called by him
the hermit {Pezophaps folitiirius). Of all the
birds in Rodriguez Island, l^eguat sa}'* this
is the most remarkable species. The males
ire variouslj' feathered with gra}' and brown,
with the feet of a turkey, and the bill shajied
ike a turkey's also, but a little more hooked.
They are almost tailless, and their rump is
rounded and covered with feathers, higher on
the legs than the turkey ; they have a straight
ind rather long neck, a black sparkling eye,
ind a head without crest or tuft. The female,
Dur traveller says, is admirablj' beautiful ;
there are blondes and brunettes among them,
marked on the forehead with a stripe like a
widow's band, and on the breast with plumage
whiter than the rest of the body. Thej' walk
with such a mingling of pride and graceful-
oessthatone cannotavoid admiringand loving
them, so that their good looks often saves their
lives. Not a feather lies uneven on their
whole body, such pains do the}* take to smooth
and arrange their plumage with their bills.
These hermit-birds do not fly ; they only use
their wings, which are too small to bear the
weight of the bod}', either in fighting or
drumming when calling each other. Leguat
adds that they are taken with great difficulty
n the woods ; but in open places it is easy to
run them down, as they are not very swift.
From March to September they are ex-
tremely fiit, and the taste, especially of the
voung ones, excellent. Some among the males
are found weighing forty-tive pounds. These
birds, intending to build a nest, choose a clear
spot, collect a few palm leaves, and raise the
structure a foot and a half above the surface :
they hatch but one egg at a time, and the
male and female sit alternately during seven
weeks, the period of incubation, and for some
months longer the young bird needs assis-
tance from the old ones. These beautiful
birds, called hermits because they seldom go
in flocks, were abundant in the island at the
end of the 17th century, when the French
naturalist expressed such admiration for them.
In a few years they have all perished, and
nothini; but bones crusted with stalagmite
permitted us to ascertain that the species de-
scribed by Legaut was of a kind unknown
elsewhere. When an English explorer, New-
ton, undertook to examine the caves and
boggy lands of the island, more tha"ti 2000
Fragments, the last traces of the extinct bird,
were collected.
The study of these relics was made with the
greatest care, and we now know that the her-
mit-bird represented a special type, having
3lose affinities with the dodo and the pigeon.
A singular detail leads us to place full reliance
on Leguat's observations. Our traveller had
said, in speaking of the males of this bird :
' The wing of the pinion thickens at its end,
and forms a little round mass like a musket
ball under the feathers, this, with the bill, is
the bird's chief defence." This little round
mass has been found in the shape of a bony
prominence on that part of the limb called
the metacarpus. — Popular Science Monthly.
The testimony of our Society to a simple,
useful and not expensive manner of dressing
and living, is grounded in the Truth, and in-
novations will never be able to sap the founda-
tion, or overthrow it. — H. Hall.
Underground London. — Underground the
city of Ijondon is certainly the most vconder-
ful in the world. It is a labyrinth of drain-
pipes, water-pipes, gas-pipes and under-ground
railways. There are points in the soil of
London where it would be extremely difficult
to find room for another pipe. One companj-
alone — the Gas-light and Coke Company —
supplies two districts with nearly four hundred
miles of pipes, varying in diameter from three
inches to four feet. These are the main jiipes
merely, and from them every house and street
lamp receives on an average six or eight feet
of small piping. In addition to these, and the
underground telegraph wires, there are no
less than twenty-five hundred miles of drain
pipes of various dimensions. Less familiar to
us, butno less important, are the lead and iron
tubes — leaden pipes with outer casings of
iron — along which written messages, packed
in gutta percha cases, arc blown from station
to station. The convenience of these mes
sages is immense. A steam-engine forces in
a blast of air, and in about a minute it travels
a distance of nine hundred and eighty yards.
There are at present thirteen stations on the
underground railway ; and as the people walk
upon tlie streets of London electricity is flash-
ing messages above their heads, and little
missives are whizzing and darting just under
their feet. As many as fifteen hundred mes-
sages pass to and fro in a daj'. The drainage
sj'stem of London presents a world of under-
ground streets, some two or three thousand
miles in extent. All the drains empty into
three great sewers running parallel with the
Thames, which sewers connect in the neigh-
borhood of Victoria Park, and through Bark-
ing creek discharge into the river. Men are
constantly employed keeping these drains in
repair. Londoners never pour a pail of water
down a drain but at the depths of that myste-
rious aperture somebody is making way for
it. A stranger, properly costumed, can ex-
plore these depths, which resemble vaulted
galleries, in the sides of which are traps
forming various small channels. When the
storm waters come, as they sometimes do dur-
ing a thunder-plump, the torrent is fearful —
so much so that upon several occasions men
have lost their lives. — Late Paper.
THE FRIEND.
EIGHTH MONTH 1. 1874.
We find in the number of The British Friend
for 7th month, the following editorial remarks
on the proceedings of the late London Yearly
Meeting. We welcome it as a testimony to
the spiritual character of the worship enjoined
by our Saviour, and preached in later times
by George Fox and his true successors in the
church. We believe there is need for this tes-
timony to be repeatedly held up to the view
of many, who are in danger of substituting
for it, or mingling with it, such outward per-
formances as may interest the intellect, or
excite the emotional feelings, and thus relieve
them of that patient waiting for the spirit of
Christ to operate on their hearts, which has
become irksome to many superficial profes-
sors. Without this inwardness of spirit is
maintained, we are in danger of running with-
out being sent, and of warming ourselves with
sparks of our own kindling — tlie end of which
is sorrow. The feeling of religious exercise,
which onh* qualifies to enter into public labor
for the good of others, is one that is not at
our own command. IIo who has been rightly
taught in the school of Christ, even though
he may often have been commissioned to
speak to the people, will endeavor on every
such occasion to wait on his I)ivine Master
for spiritual food for himself or others ; and
he will not venture to break the silence of a
meeting, unless he is sensible that the Heaven-
ly Shepherd breaks the bread and gives it to
him to hand forth to the people. As our
worthy elder, George Fox, declared: "The
intent of all speaking is to bring into the life,
and to walk in, and to possess the same, and
to live in and enjoy it, and to feel God's pre-
sence, and that is in the silence, (not in the
wandering, whirling, tempestuous p:irt of man
or woman) for there is the flock l3"ing down
at noon-day, and feeding of the bread of life,
and drinking at the springs of life, when they
do not speak words ; for words declared are
to bring people to it, and confessing God's
goodness and love, as they are moved b}- the
eternal God and Ilis Spirit."
The remarks referred to are as follows: —
"There has alwaj-s been and there still is
a liberty to read a portion of Scri])ture in
meetings for worship, just the same as there
is a liberty for any one rightlj- called and
qualified to speak as a minister — that is, under
the leading and guiding of the Head of the
Church, through the Spirit. But we submit
there is no authority for making reading a
necessary and formal part of a meeting for
worship. The jirinciple of Fiiends, as we
conceive, is this — to come together to wait
upon the Lord, and to be led according to His
will both as to silence and utterance, neither
predetermined to be silent, read, or to speak.
There is no question that acceptable worship
may arise at other times — in family or indi-
vidual silent retirement, or in social Scripture
reading — but it is to be specially' borne in
mind, in considering this subject, that the
Society of Friends has a special testimony to
uphold before the Christian world to the
spiritual nature of Gospel worship, aso])posed
to all merely human contrivances and formal
exercises, whether reading or lecturing on
Scripture, preaching, ]iraying, or singing.
"A number of Friends olijected to the re-
commendation in the Conference Report re-
specting First-day J\roriiing Meetings, since
the 'liberty.' spoken of wa-i equally available
in these as in afternoon or evening meetings.
But we apprehend this liberty was never used
at any period in the Society's history in the
way now desired by some, viz, the reading
of Scripture as a formal and necessary part
of public worship. Those who advocate this
course cannot assume a higher veneration for
the inspired records than those Avho are op-
posed to it, because the latter are favorable
to the reading of Scripture on all suitable oc-
casions, both private and public, provided
simply that it does not contravene the testi-
mony to the spirituality of worship as here-
tofore held by Friends.
"After a very full expression of opinion, a
minute was made to the effect that the meet-
ing did not adopt the recommendation of' the
Conference in regard to the manner of hold-
ing meetings for worship; that, while pro-
400
THE FRIEND.
uouncing no opinion on the practice in some
localities of Scripture reading in these meet-
ings, and being unwilling to interfere with
any liberty rightly enjoyed amongst us, an
earnest concern had prevailed that this liberty
should be exercised in connection with a faith-
ful upholding of the Society's Scriptural tes-
timony to the nature of pure spiritual worship
under the Gospel dispensation.
"We doubt not, it would have been more
satisfactorj' had the minute defined the liberty
which was so much contended for, there be-
ing i-eason to iear its being supposed that,
provided Friends are only pretty unanimous
in any place, they are left to do as they
choose. Unanimity is good, but not in every
case; people may be unanimous in what is
wrong, as well as in what is right."
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
Foreign. — Tlie Committee of the Agricultural La-
borer'.s Union advise the loeked-ont laborers in the
eastern counties of England to emigrate. The com-
mittee is negotiating for easier terms of emigration to
Canada.
The estimated value of all the diamonds which have
been taken from the diamond fields of South Africa
during the last three years, does not fall far short of
$50,0UO,0U0. Many of the gems are of inferior quality.
The value of diamonds in the European market has
been greatly depreciated by the great number sent from
the Cape of Good Hope.
In the House of Lords Earl Russell asked whether
the government had made any remonstrance to France
against the connivance of her authorities in violations
of the Spanish frontier by the Carlists. He also urged
the formal recognition of the Spanish government by
Great Britain. Lord Derby replied that Spain had not
asked England to interfere. He considered the recog-
nition of the Spanish government at present premature.
When the time arrived it would be better that such re-
cognition should be the collective act of the European
powers.
In the House of Commons, Disraeli moved an annual
grant to Prince Leopold of $7.5,000. Gladstone second-
ed the motion, wliich was adopted almost unanimously.
Tlie annual payments to Queen Victoria and her chil-
dren aggregate S3, 091, 74.5, beside which the Queen has
an income of several hundred thousand dollars from
other sources.
London, 7th mo. 27tb. — Consols 92.^. U. S. 5 per
cents, 101^ a 105.V.
Liverpool. — Uplands cotton, 8J a i\d. ; Orleans, Z%d.
A Vienna dispatch gives an account of a fearful storm
in Moravia, in which the town of Azagra was over-
whelmed by a torrent and many of the inhabitants
perished.
The International Congress convened in Brussels the
27th ult., and decided that its sittings should be held
with closed doors.
Dispatches from Kissingen state that the wound of
Bismarck is .still unhealed, but his health was improv-
ing. He is unable to write.
The Bishop of Posen has been arrested for violation
of the ecclesiastical laws, and condemned to fifteen
months imprisonment.
A Berlin dispatch says : Marshall Jewell, the newly
appointed Postmaster General of the United States, has
arrived here on his way home. He is engaged in in-
specting the German postal service, and says he finds
some arrangements which may be applied with advan-
tage to the American postal system. He leaves shortly
for Paris.
The North German Gazette says, the German squad-
ron now off Rye, England, has been ordered to cruise
off the northern coast of Spain, and that these orders
were given in consequence of the shooting of Captain
Schmidt, a German newspaper correspondent, and other
German subjects by the Carlists. The Daily Telegraph's
special from Berlin says it is reported that the German
Government is making strenuous endeavors to stop
supplies, weapons and money to the Carlists, and has
called the attention of the Versailles Government to
the subject.
The dispatches from India say that the prospect of
the crops is favorable notwithstanding the recent tioods.
Many deaths from cholera are reported in Baridnap.
A recent article in the Imparcial, of Madrid, favoring
an Iberian union, has developed the existence of a
strong opposition to that project in Portugal. Lisbon
advices state that the article of the Imparcial was re-
ceived there with the greatest disfiivor.
Don Carlos has issued a manifesto guaranteeing tolera-
tion, engaging not to disturb the sales of church pro-
perty at present completed, promising representative
but not revolutionary government, undertaking to re-
store the finances of the country, and insuring liberty
so far as it is consistent with order.
The Carlists did not effect the capture of Cuenca
without a severe struggle. They report their losses at
1.50 men killed and 700 wounded. After the town was
taken they sacked and burned many houses, levied
heavy contributions and destroyed the fortifications.
The volunteers who surrendered were decimated, and
every tenth man was put to death.
According to Madrid dispatches the Carlists have
suffered severely in several recent encounters with the
government forces.
It is anticipated that the French budget will occupy
the Assembly until 8th mo. Sth, at which time the
House will adjourn for more than three months.
The Deputies in favor of dissolution are confident of
success after the recess, as their opponents now control
only a bare majority of the Assembly. The Committee
of Thirty have adopted, and the government has ac-
cepted, the proposition of Pages-Duport, introduced in
the Assembly on the loth ult., for the creation of a
Senate, which provides that the Senate shall consist of
100 members nominated by the President, and 130
selected from and by the Assembly; cardinals, mar-
shals and admirals to be members e.r-officio ; also that
the President of the Senate shall become Provisional
President of the Republic in the event of a vacancy,
and that the President of the Republic be empowered
to dissolve the Assembly with the approval of the
Senate. It is not however supposed that this or any
other bill making constitutional changes can be adopted
by the Assembly as it is now constituted.
United States. — The interments in New York for
the week ending the 25th ult., numbered 873, and in
Philadelphia 469, including 154 of cholera infantum.
This great increase of mortality is attributed to the
heat, which has been attended with the usual summer
diseases cholera infantum, cholera morbus, &c.
In the week ending the 18th ult., the total of anthra-
cite and bituminous coal sent to market was 318,964
tons, and for the year 11, .5-59,858 tons, against 11,833,096
tons to the .same time last year, being a decrease of
323,318 tons.
The 27th anniversary of the arrival of the Mormons
in Utah, was celebrated at Salt Lake City the 25th ult.
The great Tabernacle was crowded, there being, it is
stated, 10,000 school children in the body of the build-
ing, and 3000 spectators in the galleries.
A water-spout burst in Nevada on the 24th ult., de-
stroying considerable property in the town of Eureka,
and causing the death of from 25 to 30 persons. The
.same deluge of water wrecked an emigrant train on the
Central Pacific Railroad. The track was washed away
and five passengers lost their lives.
On the 22d ult. another fire in Chicago destroyed
property to the value of $250,000.
It appears from returns to the Department of Agri-
culture, that an increase in the area cultivated in Indian
corn is apparent of fully 2,000,000 acres. The increase
is chiefly in the South and West.
Returns received from all parts of Minne.sota show
that the grasshoppers have already destroyed about
1,500,000 bushels of wheat, and may probably destroy
another half million.
The U. S. Secretary of the Treasury has received
proposals for the balance of the 5 per cent, funded loan.
The total amount of formal bids was $76,000,000 ; but
many of them did not conform to the Treasury circular
or had conditions which made them inadmissible. Bids
were accepted for $10,118,5.50, chiefly for home invest-
ment. It is supposed some of the others will be modi-
fied to meet the requirements of the circular.
Pittsburg dispatches of the 27th ult. state that a tre-
mendous rain storm, the previous night, had caused
great destruction of property and loss of life, in and
near that city. The deluge of rain which fell caused a
rapid rise of all the streams, converting rills into rivers,
and sweeping away houses with all their inhabitants.
The total loss of life h.ad not been ascertained. At
Butcher's run and Allegheny City, it is stated that 219
persons were drowned.
The Markets, &c. — The following were the quotations
7th mo. 27th. New York. — American gold, 109.1.
U. S. sixe.s, 1881, registered, 117; coupons, 118§; do.
1868, registered, 116; coupon, 118; do. 10-40 5 per
cents, 1123 a 113.1. Superfine flour, $4.85 a $5.15;
State extra, $5.55 a $6; finer brands, $6,50 a $9.20,
No. 1 Chicago spring wheat, $1.34; No. 2 do., $1.29 a
$1..30; red western, $1.32; amber, $1.36; white Ken-
tucky, $1.50. Oats, 68 a 75 cts. Rye, 96 a 98 cts.
Western mixed corn, 79 a 80 cts. ; yellow, 80 a 80.] cts.jj
white, 90 cts. Philadelphia. — Cotton, 171 a 17|cts. for;
uplands and New Orleans. Superfine flour, S3 50 a $4;;
extras, $4 a,S4..50; finer brands, *5 a $9..50. No. 1:
spring wheat, $1.30; white spring, $1.35; amber wheat,'
S1.45a $1..50; Western red, $1.25 a $1.37. Rye, $1.04.!
Yellow corn, 83 a 84 cts. Oat.s, 70 a 79 cts. Lard, 12i!
a 12| cts. Clover-seed, 10 a 11 cts. The receipts of
beef cattle were large, reaching about 3-500 head. The
market in consequence was dull and prices lower.
Sales of fair and extra at 6i a 71 cts. per lb. gross,'
and common 4 a 6 cts. Sheep sold at oh a 5| cts. per
lb. gross. Receipts, 16,000 head. About 4500 hogs
•sold at $10 a $10.25 per 100 lbs. net for corn fed.
Chicago. — No. 1 spring wheat, $1.1U ; No. 2 do., $1.08.
No. 3 do., Sl.Ol a $1.02. No. 2 mixed corn, 63 cts.
No. 2 oats, 47 cts. Rye, 90 cts. Barley, $1.05. Lard,
$11.90 per 100 lbs. Baltimore. — Choice white wheat,
$1.40 a $1.45 ; good to prime red, $1.30 a $1.38; Ohio
and Indiana, $1.20 a $1.30. Oats, 55 a 58 cts. St.
Louh. — Choice fall wheat, $1.20 a S1.25; medium,
$1.08 a $1.10. Corn, 62 cts. Oats, 40 a 41 cts.
WANTED.
A suitable Friend to fill the station of Governess at
Westtown Boarding School. Apply to
Elizabeth C. Scattergood, West Chester, Pa.
Lydia L. Walton, Moorestown, N. .1.
Hannah Evans, 322 Union St., Philadelphia.
WANTED.
A suitable Friend to take the position of Writing
Teacher and Assistant Governor at Westtown Boarding
School — for next Session. Apply to
Charles Evans, 702 Race street, Philadelphia,
Clarkson Sheppard, Greenwich, New Jersey,
Joseph Walton, Moorestown, New Jersey.
SHELTER FOR COLORED ORPHANS.
Wanted, by the 1st of 10th mo. next, a suitable
Friend for Matron for the above institution.
Application may be made to
Hannah R. Newbold, 643 Franklin St.
Mary Wood, 524 South Second St.
Mary Randolph, 247 North Twelfth St.
Anna W. Lippincott, 460 North Seventh St.
WANTED.
An unmarried Friend to take the position of Governor
at Westtown Boarding School, on or before the close of
the present session, in the 10th month next.
Apply to
Clarkson Sheppard, Greenwich, New Jersey,
Joseph Walton, Moorestown, "
Charles Evans, 702 Race street, Philadelphia.
HAVERFORD COLLEGE.
The next Term will commence on Fourth-day, 9th
rao. 2nd, 1874. Applications for admissions should be
addressed to S.iJiUEL J. Gummeke, President,
Haverford College, Montgomery Co., Pa.
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE.
Near Frankford, (Twenty-third Ward,) Philadelphia.
Physician and Superintendent — Joshua H. Worth-
INGTON, M. D.
Applications for the Admission of Patients may be;
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Board ol
Managers.
Died, at the residence of his son, in Perry City,
Schuyler Co., New York, on the 14th nit., Joseph
Tripp, in the eighty-ninth year of bis age, a minister
in the Society of Friends from early life.
, on the 15th of 7th mo., at her residence in
Chester Co., Pa., Sallie E., wife of Abiah Cope, .and
daughter of William and Margaretta Windle, in the
28tli year of her age, a member of New Garden Monthly
and West Grove Particular Meeting. This dear young
Friend possessed a loving and cheerful disposition,
which greatly endeared her to her family and friends,
to whom she was strongly attached ; but by submission
to the sanctifying operations of Divine Grace in her
heart, she was enabled to resign all into the hands of
her Heavenly Father, and to experience a preparation
for an entrance into the Heavenly City, of which a
blessed foretaste was mercifully given her.
WILLIAM H. PILE, PRINTER.
No. 422 Walnut Street.
-,
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. XLVII.
SEVENTH-DAY, EIGHTH MONTH S, 1874,
NO. 51.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
Price Two Dollars per annum, if paid in advance. Two
dollars and fifty cents, if not paid in advance.
Subacriptiona and Payments receiTed by
JOHN S. STOKES,
AT yo. 116 NORTH FOURTH STREET, DP STAIRS,
PHILADELPHIA.
Postage, when paid quarterly in advance, five cents.
For "The Friend."
Slar-Drift.
(Continued from page 394.)
Of all the discoveries effected by Sir W.
Herschel, none gave greater evidence of his
skill in dealing with observed facts than his
discovery that the solar system is sweeping
onwards with enormous velocity through in-
tersidereal space. The problem had been
attacked a year or two before by an eminent
German astronomer without success. Maj-er
had, indeed, announced detinitivelj- that the
stellar motions afford no evidence to counten-
ance the view that our sun is speeding through
space. No other evidence lay before Herschel
than Mayer had possessed, nor was there any
flaw in Mayer's mode of reasoning. Undoubt-
edly the full evidence which Herschel had to
deal with was unfavorable to the idea of solar
motion. But no one knew better than Sir
William Herschel that in questions of thissort
old Hesiod's proverb is applicable, that '-Half
is often more than the whole." By throwing
aside half the evidence, though that evidence
alreadj- seemed sufficiently meagre, he de-
duced a result which all the exact and recon-
dite processes of recent inquiry have scarcely
been able to improve upon, lie pointed to a
certain region among the stars as that towards
which our .Sun is travelling, and around that
region all the best determinations of modern
times have ranged themselves.
The only evidence we can have respecting
the movements of the Sun is that to be de-
rived from the apparent motions of the objects
which surround him. There is no irregularity
in his stately progress through space to im-
press upon us who move with him the fact
that he is not at rest. But the stars which
lie on all sides around his path, must be affect-
ed with apparent motions unless thej^ travel
with him, not only in the same direction, but
at equal speed. To the unaided eye no signs
of stellar motion are apparent. There are
not, indeed, ten stars in the heavens whose
motion in a thousand j'ears would cover an
arc that the naked eye could estimate. But
the skilfully constructed instruments in use in
modern observatories enable the astronomer
to measure even the seemingly evanescent
movements of the so-called fi.xed stars. In
ten years, or in twenty, no change in position
may be apparent; but when the observations
of our day come to be compared with those
which wore made a hundred years ago, the
traces of stellar motion become in many in-
stances unmistakable.
Our Sun, sweeping ever onwards through
space, tells us of a great law of motion to
which his fellow-suns also must be subject.
He is but one among many, when viewed in
relation to the galactic sj-stem. Nay, it is
doubtful even whether among the suns which
shine upon us from beyond the vast domain
over which our own Sun bears sway, there
be not many which as far surpass him in mag-
nitude as the giant members of the solar
scheme — Uranus and Neptune, Saturn and
Jupiter — surpass our tiny Earth and its fel-
lows afflong the minor planets. Nor is there
aught in the Sun's position to lead us to as-
cribe to him alone swift motion throughout
space. That, as ice view the galaxy, he seems
to occupy a central po.-ition is true enough ;
but it is conceivable, if not certain, that there
is not a single sun among all the stars which
deck our skies, from which the same sort of
scene is not visible as that which is presented
to the inhabitants of our Earth.
And this is not all. The very evidence Sir
William Herschel had made use of proved that
our Sun is not the solo moving star of the
galaxy. Had he been able, by assigning a
certain direction to the Sun's motion, to have
accounted for the motions of all the stars iiis
processes dealt with, he might then indeed
have inferred the possibility that those stars
at least are at rest. But this was not the case.
The direction he assigned to the Sun's motion
was that which accounted best for the stars'
motions, not that which explained them fully.
The balance of motion which remained unac-
counted for could be explaine<l only by sup-
posing that the stars Herschel had considered
were themselves sweeping rapidly through
space. This view was directly involved in
the statements Sir William Herschel laid be-
fore the scientific world.
If the Sun is moving now in a definite direc-
tion, it can by no means be inferred that this
motion will alwa^^s continue to be directed
towards the same region of space. All the
analogies which surround us teach us to be-
ieve rather that his path is of the nature of
a gigantic curve re-entering into itself may-
hap like the planetary orbits, or possibly of a
complex figure, resembling the paths of those
comets which belong indeed to the solar
scheme, but are swayed continually into now
oriiits by the attractions of the larger planets.
Whichever of these views is correct, it is cer-
tain that the part of his path which the Sun
is at present describing, must be looked upon
as a portion of a gigantic circle. For, no
matter what the figure of an orbit may be,
any small portion of the curve may always be
regarded as belonjrinir to some definite circle.
And astronomers have set themselves to in-
quire into the nature of the vast circle on
which, for present purposes, we are to regard
the Sun as travelling.
The ingenious German astronomer JI;ldler,
by a process of inquirj' into which I need not
here enter, has been led to regard the star
Alcyone, the "brilliant" of the Pleiades, as
the true centre of the Sun's motion.
Here then, if his assumptions were correct,
we were to recognize the central orb of the
sidereal scheme; not indeed, the central orb
in the sense which our San is the central orb
of the solar scheme; not a globe which, by
its magnitude, could bo held to swaj* the mo-
tions of all the stars which lie around it.
.\lc3-one, according to Mitller's theor)-, is
simply the star which occupies the centre of
the sidereal scheme, but without rule or gov-
ernance over its fellow-stars.
These speculations of Midler's form, I be-
lieve, the sole attempt which has yet been
made to co-ordinate the motions of the stars
into one systematic whole. They have not
been looked upon as successful, nor has the
consideration of the subject led astronomers
to believe that the problem Wiidlcr attacked
is one which can be mastered in the present
state of our knowledge.
As the apparent motions of the stars were
examined with greater and greater care, it
became more and more evident that every
star is rushing swiftlj' through space; for,
although ever}' fresh determination of the na-
ture of the Sun's motion showed a general
agreement with Herschcl's result, yet there
was a sufficient divergence to prove that some
causes other than variations in the method of
calculation are at work in causing the dis-
cordance.
But it is only in comparatively recent times
that it has been shown demonstratively, how
largely the apparent motions of the stars are
due to the real movements of these bodies in
space. Mr. Airy argued that, if we are to
obtain a really conclusive answer to the great
question of the Sun's motion in space, we must
remember that the stellar motions, though
apparently taking place upon the celestial
sphere, have really no relation at all to that
imaginary surface. We must look upon them,
he said, as taking place in reality in space,
and applj'to them the mathematical processes
which result from that consideration.
The point towards which the Sun was found
to be moving, accorded most satisfactorily
with the results which had been obtained by
other methods. The rate assigned to the solar
motion was also in close accordance with that
which the }-ounger Slruve had obtained by a
different process. It appo irs from the re-
searches of Otto Struve on the one part, and
those of the Astronomer Royal and ]\Ir. Dunkin
on the other, that the Sun is moving at the
rate of about a hundred and fitty millions of
miles per annum. Although this velocity
seems enormous, it is in reality smaller than
the velocities we notice in many parts of the
solar system. Our own Earth moves more
402
THE FRIEND.
than three times as fast in her orbit, as the scene of utter barrenness and desolation, the
Sun on hia path through space. Indeed, the star-system will doubtless have exhibited
diameterof the Earth's orbit is tliirty millions many changes. 13ut only when millions of
of miles greater than the distance annually
travei-sed by the Sun.
In some regions large groups of stars are
seen to be drifting bodily in a definite direc-
tion. The most remarkable instance of this
sort occurs in the stars which form the con-
stellations Gemini and Cancer. All these,
amounting in number to seventy or eighty,
are drifting towards the neighboring part of
the Milky Way, with the exception of three
stars, which seem to belong to another sys-
tem.
Of the seven bright stars in the Great Bear,
five are travelling in a common direction with
uniform velocity. The other two are travel-
ling in another direction and also with a com-
mon velocity. A\^e cannot doubt that the first
five, at any rate, form a system, drifting along
bodily. For let us sum up the evidence.
First, we have the comparatively weak evi-
dence derived from the general equality of
the five stars, a peculiarity which has in all
ages led observant men to entertain the im-
pression that these stars are in some way as-
sociated. Next, we have the fact that the five
stars are travelling in the same apparent di-
rection, and the significance of this point it
is easy to estimate, because the antecedent
probability that, taking the direction of one
star of the five as a standard of reference, the
other four would be found to be travelling in
the same direction, is demonstrably minute.
Lastly, we have the evidence derived from the
equality of the motions of the five stars, and
here again the antecedent probability of the
coincidence is so minute as to force upon us
the opinion that the actual coincidence is not
accidental. The combination of the three
lines of evidence leads to a feeling of absolute
iX'ons have passed, and the earth is nearin
the scene of its final absorption beneath the
solar oceans, will the stately motions of the
star-system have begun to work out the full
series of cyclic changes appertaining to a
scheme so extensive and so complicated.
But the star-drift in Ursa Major is only one
instance out of many. Looking more closely
than we have yet done into the sidereal scheme
of which our Sun is a member, we see it break-
ing up into subordinate star systems of greater
or less extent. Our Sun himself may not be
a solitary star as has been commonly sup-
posed. From among the orbs which deck our
skies, there may be some which are our Sun's
companions on his path through space, though
countless ages perhaps must pass before the
signs of such companionship will be rendered
discernible. On every side we see drifting
star-schemes, and comparatively few stars are
to be recognized as voyaging in solitary state
through space.
(To be continued.)
was broken.' God's people in all agesansvver
certainty that tbe five stars are associated to this description. When the spirit of the
For "Tlie Friend."
False Shepherds.
The following is condensed from an article
with the above title, published recently in
The Episcopalian of this city. It is pleasant
and cheering to meet with sound doctrine,
especiallj' when it comes from those, who in
some points may differ from us.
"Among many grave charges brought by
the Lord against the shepherds in Bzekiel's
day, we have them summed in these words,
'The diseased or wounded haveyenot strength-
ened, neither have ye healed that which was
sick, neither have ye bound up that which
into a single scheme or system
That this whole system revolves around its
centre of gravity is of course certain. But
there are numberless ways in which the revo-
lution may take place, depending on the rela-
tions between the weight and velocity of the
different orbs forming the system. Any two
of the five may reall}' form a pair, any three
may form a triplet. We cannot tell where
the centre of gravity of the scheme may be.
We have no knowledge of the true relative
positions of the five orbs. We cannot guess
what the real direction of their orbital mo-
tions may be. We are, in fact, altogether in
doubt on every subject connected with the
system, except the main fact that the whole
system has a drift eanying it bodilj' forwards
at the rate of many millions of miles per an-
num. It is in this connection that the appear-
ance of such systems as these in the heavens,
seems to me so' interesting — I may almost
say, so imposing a phenomenon. The life of
man is a period too short to tell us anything
even of the subordinate motions of such a
scheme ; but the duration of the human race,
nay, of the solar system itself, may be out-
lasted by a single revolution of the great star-
system placed out yonder in the celestial
depths. From the far-off' times of the Chal-
daean shepherds the great Septentrion star-
sj'stem has looked down with seemingly un-
changing aspect on the rise and fall of many
nations and races of men. When the human
race has perished from this globe, when the
earth has become what the moon now is, a
Lord begins to work in them, thej' are wound
ed, sick, broken. True, they know not what
is the matter ; they cannot believe God is at
work in their soul ; on the contrary, they
think death and hell await them, that God
abhors them, that they are too vile to be saved.
Not for a moment does it enter the mind that
this is the bea-inning of blessin<j. At this
crisis in the experience of a believer it is made
wonderfully manifest that there is a distinc-
tion between false and true shepherds, between
those who have felt the terrors of the law
and the burden of sin ; and the formal pro-
fessor, who has no vital experience. Some
tell the sinner to believe, to take the promise,
to embrace Christ, to come to the blood, to
receive the atonement, just as one might tell
another to perform any physical act he was
perfectly capable of doing. Then they shelter
themselves under the word of God, in such
wise as, ' Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ,
and thou shalt be saved.' To set poor con-
vinced sinners right as to the method and
way of salvation, is widely different from the
usual mode of turning Gospel into law, and
telling sinners to believe, receive, and enjoy
Christ. Thereare loadsof bigandlittle books
circulated now, the aim of which is to com-
fort distressed souls, but from which, taken on
the whole, we venture to say, law-condemned,
spirit-quickened souls will never find peace.
The drift of these books is to urge the dis-
tressed sinner into peace by the letter of the
word, without the power of the Spirit.
We cuU a few extracts from a small book
that professes to remove all difficulties out ot
a seeking sinner's way. Having reached the
fifty-eighth thousand, we may accept it as aj
fair sample of popular divinity, a pattern book
among a large number of the Christian com-
munity, who wish their own or their neigh-
bor's soul's difficulties to be removed. But
this is only one of a numerous tr-ibe of little
books and leaflets, the drift of which is to
make people comfortable, and to heal ' the
diseased, the wounded, the sick,' in the Church
of God. A few quotations will show us the
way in which the great majority of teachers
imagine this is to be brought about : —
" 'In the death of Jesus there is mercy pro-
claimed wide and far to any one who wishes
for it. You maj^ at once, without delay, ac-
cept it. You may believe that God's mercy
is even now toward you, for He has declaimed
it in not sparing His own Son.'
Again we read thus: —
" ■ If once you are assured that the Lord
Jesus, God's blessed Son, was given by God
Himself, even unto death, in order that full
payment and satisfaction might be made in
that death for your innumerable sins, then
you will have the feeling of rest and peace
that you desire, for if you believe that all is
settled in Christ's death, j'ou cannot have a
feeling of doubt and uncertainty.' Again,
" ' Be strong in the assurance of God's won-
drous love and power on your behalf. Cast
away doubts and uncertainties, because they
are dishonoring to Him, and weakening to
yourself; meet every whisper of Satan by the
fict that Christ has died and risen again.
You have but to know yourself a sinner, you
havoonl^- to plead yourcomplete ruin andyour
consciousness of that very ruin is, upon God's
authority, your title to say Christ Jesus came
into the world to save you. The Apostle
Paul himself realized the value of this faith-
ful saj'ing, and was resolved to put himself
down in the list of those for whom Christ
died.'
" That all this is a most speedy and com-
fortable way of travelling to heaven for pro-
fessors and letter-informed religionists, no one
can deny. Facts of Scriptures believed, and
the letter or written word of promise duly re-
ceived into the mind, may aflTord immense
support and comfort to an unexercised heart.
It will set a man high above the profane, or
the tremblers in Zion, who are passing through
the valley of humiliation and crying out under
the power and weight of an awakened eon-
science. 'God be merciful to me a sinner;'
but a faith in facts, and a belief in the printed
letter of the word, will never stand a storm.
Satan, the world, and the power of evil, will
prove too strong for such a faith as this.
" But, say some, where lies the error in these
and kindred statements, that one hears and
reads every day, when sinners, under awaken-
ings of some sort or other, are addressed.
It lies here, the absence of the work of God
the Spirit in all these and such like state-
ments. Man in ignorance, or enlightened to
feel his awful condition as a sinner before
God, is appealed to in all these sorts of ad-
dresses, as if he could do the work, and was
equal to the task of quickening or comforting
his own soul. ' No 7iian can come unto me
except the Father draw him,' was our Lord's
declaration, and the promise of the Spirit is
on this wise : 'He shall take of mine, and show
it unto you.' But in all these and similar
statements, as quoted, where do we find recog.
THE FRIEND.
403
DUed the 8ovoreii;nly of God in 'the drawin<:;a
of the Father,' and the power, and Godhead
of the Spirit, in revealioj:; the thinj;;* of Christ
to sinners? To supply the place of the H0I3'
Ghost, the man is addressed as if he needed
no h'^lp beyond his eyes to read the word, and
his natural intellect to receive and understand
it to his comfort.
" But, saj* some, are there not marks and
evidences in the Bible to which distressed
souls may be directed for comfort, and through
these ascertained marks, may not peace be
obtained ? The answer we resign to abler
hands, in an extract from the writings of an
old and blessed divine of former years, who
says,
•• ' Men do ])uzzle themselves extremely,
while the)- go about to satisfy- their own spirits
by marks and signs, that, if the)^ deal faith-
full}' with themselves, will never resolve the
case fuil.v to give true and well grounded rest
unto their souls.
'• ' The revealing evidence is the great evi-
dence which determines the question, and
puts an end to all objections, even the voice
of God, the Spirit speaking particularly to the
heart of a person : ' Son, bo of good cheer,
thy sins are forgiven thee,' or the like. AVhen
He sfiith this to the soul, there shall be never
an objection worth a rush, while this voice is
received, to dis(iuiet and disturb it. Till the
Spirit of the Lord come immediatelj- Himself
and speak thus to a soul, all the world shall
never be able to satisfy it. In brief, you shall
know that your sins are laid upon Christ by
the Spirit of the Lord speaking this to you ;
and, till He do this, all the signs and marks
in the world are mere darkness, mere riddles,
nor can a soul understand them.'"
For " TIiu Frieud."
Inilian Affairs.
• Most of the readers of " The Friend," may
remember reading the subjoined telegram in
the public newspapers on the day after its
despatch to AVashington. As it marks an
important phase of affairs among four of the
tribes which are under the care of Friends in
the Indian Territorj-, we think it may be in-
teresting to those who have not read it, to
publish it, and add some information respect-
ing the consequent action taken by the asso-
ciated E.Kecutive Committee of the different
Yearly Meetings on Indian Afiairs. The tel-
egram is as follows:
" From Washington. Washington. July 7.
Hostilities in the Indian Territory.
The Commissioner of Indian Affairs to-day
received the following important telegram,
bringing news of a serious outbreak among
the Indians in the Indian Territory.
' Osage City, Kansas, July 7. — Hon. E. P.
Smith, Commissioner, Washington. Just ar-
rived from Cheyenne and Arrapahoe Agency,
north fork of Canadian river. Hostile Chey-
ennes, Comanches and Kiowas made their ap-
pearance in the vicinity of the Agency on the
2nd inst., and on the same day killed William
Watkins, 30 miles north of the Agency. Five
war parties seemed moving in the direction of
the trail from the Agency to Caldwell, Kan-
sas. I at once despatched a courier to Fort
Sill for troops to protect the Agency, which
were temporarilj- granted.
'On the morning of the 5th we mustered a
small party of employees, to escort through
to Caldwell. Hostile Indians had been seen
at Kins; Fisher's ranche, and proceeded north.
We took all the men and stock to Lee & Rey-
nold's ranche, on Turkey Creek, and on July
7, the Indians attacked this ranche, but were
repulsed, getting onl}- some horses. Four
miles north of Baker's ranche wo found four
men, Pat Hennessej-, George Ford, Thomas
Callaway, :in<i one unknown, lying murdered
in the road. They hadthrco wagons, loaded
with sugar and cotf'ee for Agent Ilaworlh, all
of which was destroyed or taken away. All
the men were scalped. Hennessey had been
tied to his wagon and burned. The fire wa-;
still burning. Wo gave them a hasty burial
and ])roceeded to the next ranche, where we
found teamsters, stages, &c., concentrated.
They rejiorted a war party of about lOO hav-
ing passed north and east that morning. The
ranche men had driven them off. We took a
woman and child from this place, and gave
the men all the ammunition we could sjjaro.
' The next ranche was reached after dark.
The Indians had gone into camp four miles
east on Skeletoncreck. I advised all the
ranchemen and freightmen to abandon their
places, which they did, and by making good
use of the night, we reached Caldwell yester-
day at noon. We found LatHin's ox train at
Pond Creek, 25 miles south of Caldwell, and
r fear this train, loaded with subsistence for
three agencies, will be captured, as wo saw
nine hostile Indians in that vicinity, and the
party had only throe guns. My chief clerk is
in command of the party.
' There are now but two ranches occupied
on this road, and we fear their fate before
help can reach them. I have no doubt the
Indians will clean every thing until repulsed. I
This is their proclamation. I have offered
my own life in passing through their lines to
save others, and now I ask, and shall expect
to receive at once, two or three companies of
cavalry, one to bo stationed at Baker's ranche,
to protect Government interests on this road,
and one at the Agonc}-.
Those troops should be des])atched as
quickly as possible to Wishita by railroad,
and no hostile Indians shall be quartered at
the Agency, and I must have the troops to
back it up. Let the hostile element be struck,
and with such power as shall make our work
quick and effectual. I now go to Leaven-
worth, awaiting instructions, and ready to
consult with General Pope. Signed,
John D. Miles, Indian Agent.'
Miles is a (Quaker, and is considered by the
Interior Department to be a cool and tho-
roughly reliable agent. His request for troops
has been endorsed and recominended for im-
mediate attention by the military authorities
of the war department.
The hostile Indians referred toare estimated
to number 2000, composing about one-fourth
of the Cheyenne, Kiowa and Arrapahoe tribes.
It will bo reniombered that Commissioner
.Smith recommended last year that these tribes
who had then been raiding extensively in
Texas, should be brought into thorough sub-
jection, and compelled to give up their raid-
ing leaders. This was not done, and trouble
now proceeds from the same turbulent por-
tions of the tribes, three-fourths of whom are
peaceably located at Fort Sill reservation,
where also Satanta, Big Tree, and their other
prominent chiefs are still remaining in com-
pliance with their agreement."
The warlike tone of this telegram, coming
as it di<l from a member of the Society of
Friends, and circulated throughout the land
bj- tho public press, naturally excited much
inoasiness in the mindsof those Friends who
had taken an interest in tho peaceable mis-
sion among the Indians delegated to our So-
ciety a few years ago by President (Jrant.
The members of tho executive committee
felt it their duty to consult with each other
ipon the: oci-asioii, and a meeting of that body
was accordingly called, at Lawrence, Jvansas,
>n the l.')lh of tho 7th month. Eleven Friends
from eight yearly meetings mot at tho time
appointed. The feeling among them was
unanimous that tho sentiments expressed by
the telegram were inconsistent entirely with
the views always entertained by our religious
Society, respecting a resort to military force,
;ind in contravention of tho spirit in which
wo had undertaken the task of bringing the
red man within the intiuenco of peaceful in-
dustry and Christian kindness.
They felt it to be due to the Society and the
public to repudiate all responsibility for the
acts of agent Miles, in calling for -troops and
recommending retaliatory warfare, as signi-
fied by his despatch, and to this end the fol-
lowing minute was unanimously agreed upon.
" While wo recognize tho exigencies of the
situation in which our agont, John D. Miles
has been placed, as set forth in the telegram
of the 7th instant to the commissioner of In-
dian affairs, and consider that great allowance
is due to him under these trying circumstan-
ces, in judging of his course, j^et it is the con-
clusion of this committee, after having given
him a full ]iersonal hearing, that some of his
actions, and the warhko tenor of the despatch
above referred to, show that he is not suffi-
ciently in harmony with the principles upon
which our work among tho Indians is based,
and hence we would kindly request his resig-
nation.
It is with great regret that the committee
have been forced to the above conclusion, and
they desire in communicating it to him to as-
sure him of their feelings of personal kind-
ness.
Information received shows that of the
tribes under their charge, a largo proportion
are in a prosperous condition, civil order is
well ])reserved among them, schools and in-
dustrial operations are flourishing. In the
three southwestern agencies, chiefly owing to
the intrusion of white men who kill buffalo,
trade in whisky and steal horses, some of the
chiefs and young men of a few of the tribes,
have resolved upon retaliation. Small war
parties have attacked one train, a few ranches,
and the buffalo hunters in tho pan-handle of
Texas.
We are ho])eful that order and quiet may
soon return."
By direction of the Co^nmittee,
Cyrus Beedk, Clerk pro teni.
CTo be coDtinaed.)
"The strongest argument for tho truth of
Chi-istianity is the true Christian; tho man
tille<l with the spirit of Christ. Tho best proof
of Christ's resurrection is a living Church,
which itself is walking in new life, and draw-
ing life from Him, who hath overcome death.
Before such arguments, ancient Eome herself,
tho mightiest empire of tho world, and the
most hostile to Christianity, could not stand.
Let us live in like manner, and then, though
hell should have a shortlived triumph, even-
tually must be fulfilled what St. Augustine
404
THE FRIEND.
says, 'Love is the fulfilling of the truth.' " —
Professor ChriMeb at the Christian Alliance,
New York, 1S73.
For •• Thf i'rifud "
The California Wood-rat.
The followiog statement respecting the sin-
gular habits of the California Wood-rat, is
jniblished in the last number of Sdliman's
Journal. It is from a letter written by A. W.
Chase, Assistant U. S. Coast fciurvey, to B.
Silliman, dated "Anaheim, California. May
27, 1874."
" While on the northern coast I noticed a fact
in natural history to me quite curious, regard-
ing the habits of the so-called California loood-
rat. I am not sufficiently versed in such mat-
ters to give you the name of this interesting
creature. It is a little larger than an ordinary
Norway rat, dark-brown in color, with large
lustrous eyes, and a tail covered with thin
hairs. I should call it intermediate between a
squirrel and rat. This creature builds its nest
in the woods, sometimes on the ground, more
frequently in the lower branches of trees.
They accumulate a surprising quantity of
dried twigs, which they interlace to form a
dome-shaped structure, often ten or twelve
feet high and six or eight feet in diameter.
Openings in the mass lead to the centre,
where is found the nest, consisting of the finely
divided bark of trees, dried grass, &c. But
it is to the peculiar thievish propensity ot
this little creature that I wish to call atten-
tion.
To make my story intelligible, I would first
state that I am partial owner of some prop-
erty on the Oregon coast, on which a saw-mill
had been placed, but which, owing to various
causes, has never been in operation. On this
property was a dwelling house for the hands,
in which, on work being discontinued, were
stored a quantity of stuff, tools, packing for
the engine, six or seven kegs of large spikes ;
in the closets, knives, forks, spoons, &c. A
large cooking stove was left in one of the
I'ooms.
This house was left uninhabited for two
3^ears, and, being at some distance from the
little settlement it was frequently broken into
by tramps who sought a shelter for the night.
When I entered this iiouso I was astonis'hed
to sec an immense rat's nest on the empty
Btove. On examining this nest, which was
about five feet in height, and occupied the
whole top of the stove (a large range), I found
the outside to be composed entirely of spikes,
all laid with symmetry so as to present the
points of the nails outward. In the centre of
this mass was the nest, composed of finely
divided fibers of the hemp packing. Inter-
laced with the spikes, we found the following:
About three dozen knives, forks and S|)Oous,
all the butcher knives, three in number, a
large carving knife, fork and steel; several
large plugs of tobacco; the outside casing of a
silver watch was disposed of in one part of
the pile, the glass of the same watch in an-
other, and the works in still another; an old
purse containing some silver, matches and to-
bacco; nearly all the small tools from the
tool closets, among them several large augers.
Altogether, it was a very curious mixture of
difterent articles, all of which must have been
transported some distance, as they were ori-
ginally stored in different parts of the bouse,
for articles of iron, many of them heavj", for
component parts, struck me with surprise.
The articles of value were I think stolen from
the men who had broken into the house for
temporary lodging. I have preserved a sketch
of this iron-clad nest, which I think unique
in natural history.
Many curious facts have since been related
to me, concerning the habits of this little crea-
ture. A miner told me the following : He
once, during the mining excitement in Sis-
kyiou county, became in California parlance
'dead broke,' and applied for and obtained
employment in a mining camp, where the
owners, hands and all slept in the same cabin.
Shortly after his arrival small articles com-
menced to disappear; if a whole plug of to-
bacco were left on the table, it would be gone
in the morning. Finally a bag, containing
one hundred or more dollars in gold dust, was
taken from a small table at the head of a
■'bunk," in which one of the proprietors of
the claim slept. Suspicion fell on the new
comer, and he would perhaps have fared
hardly ; for, with those rough miners, punish-
ment is short and sharp; but, just in time, a
large rat's nest was discovered in the garret
of the cabin, and in it was found the missing
money, as well as the tobacco and other arti-
cles supposed to have been stolen."
Ori'Mnal.
THE COMET.
Stupendous orb I with wonder and surprise
We see tliy il.iming train ilhime tlie skies,
As thou intent on thy ethereal race,
Careerest tlirough the realms of boundless space —
Proclaiming to earth's tribes as in amaze
They on thy radiant form astonished gaze,
That there is an Almighty God above,
The source of power, of goodnes.s, light and love,
Wlio wheels thy rapid flight among the spheres
And marks thy round of centuries of years,
Where worlds o'er worlds in beauteous order roll.
Obedient unto His supreme control.
C.
• >
For '■The Friend."
Tlie Cross.
From the time the rich man came running
to Jesus to know what he should do to in-
herit eternal life, to the present, the cross has
been a stumbling and an offence to poor fallen
human nature. The honors, the riches, and
the false pleasures of this perishing world
seem to stand in the way of taking up the dailj-
cross and walking in the strait and narrow
way that leadeth unto life eternal. But the
answer that was made to that young man
formerly, is made to us — to sell all that we
have, to part with all for Him, give all up to
his disposal, not only our outward substance,
but our own wills, our lives, our time and the
talents that He has committed unto us; and
take up the cross and follow Him as ho is
pleased to lead. All must be given up. This
may seem hard to flesh and blood, but this is
nevertheless still the way to eternal life.
Yet there are now, as there ever have been,
in eveiy age of the world, those who, when
they hear these conditions of entering into
life eternal, go away very sorrowful, and stay,
Who then can be saved ? They take the per-
ishing things of this world for their portion,
and follow their own wills and ways. And
also-in every age there will be found some,
who, like Moses, will choose rather to suffer
affliction with the people of God, than to en-
'oy the pleasures of sin for a season, esteem-
Tho ingenuity and skill" disphiyed in the j'ing the reproach of Christ greater riches than
constructionof this nest and the curious taste I the treasures of Egypt, having respect tinto
the recompence of the reward. In the earl|
daj's of our Society — the cross seemed heavj
especially to the rich and great — who had the
riches and honors of this world before them
— as was the case with Wm. Penn, and many
in that time, who seemed to have to part with
all, when they joined in fellowship with the
poor despised Quakers, who were every whei-o
spoken against, calumniated and j^ersecuted,
They indeed gave up all to follow their Lord
and Master, and sold all they had to purchase
the Pearl of great price.
Yet in that day, there were some convinced
of the truth of their principles who did not
publicly espouse their cause before the world;
and I believe there are many such now, who
are striving to find some easier vvay, so as to]
evade the cross and still be considered (Quakers. !
Instead of stiyiug with Peter to our Lord and i
Master, '-lol we have left all to follow tliee,"j
they are ashamed to be accounted fools for!
Christ's sake, and si.i like Nicodemus formerly,
they would be willing to come to Jesus bj^
night, when no one would see them, but would
not be seen by the world or the chief priests
following the carpenter's Sou in the light of
da}'. But in order to attain to eternal life, j
the cross must be borne openly before the!
world. Not those little crosses that the Pa-i
pists invented, made out of wood or metal,
that could be carried in the pocket and
could be taken out and used when it was
convenient, but the cross that Paul referred'
to, when he said, " God forbid that I should
glory — save in the cross of our Lord Jesus
Christ, by whom the world is crucified unto
me and I unto the world," and again, "I am
crucified with Christ: nevertheless I live, yet
not I, but Christ liveth in me — and the life
which I now live in the flesh, I live by the
faith of the Son of God, who loved me, and!
gave himself for me."
We must deny ourselves the sinful gratifica-
tions of time and sense, and even some things
which may be accounted by others of not
much consequence ; as conforming to the world
in making use of the world's language and
compliments, instead of the plain language
made use of in scripture b}- the holy men and
women of old ; and using the names of heathen
deities in designating the days of the week
and months of the j'ear; and also in following
the vain and changeable fashions of the world
in our apparel ; and having gay and costly
furniture in our houses, and an expensive style
of living in our families, providing expensive
marriage entertainments; and other things
that might be enumerated, that do not become
a disciple of a meek and crucified Lord and
Master, who wore a seamless garment and
had not where to lay his head, though he was
Lord of all. We must be willing to take up
the cross in these things, as well as iu those
that m;iy be accounted of greater moment.
VYe must be willing to own Him and his
cause before men, for it is said he that is
■'ashamed of me, and of mv words, in this
adulterous and sinful generation, of him also
shall the Son of man be ashamed when he
Cometh in the glor^- of his Father with the
holy angels."
It is not so much ackuowledging Christ in
words, that is needed, as iu our lives and our
daily walk and conversation before the world ;
in our example is the wixy to let our light
shine. It is a contradiction to s;iy that we
have renounced the world, when at the same
time we are conforming ourselves to it, in its
THE FRIEND.
405
f:ishionts, its follies and its sinful gralitic-ations;
fi.r be that loveth the world the love of the
n Father is not ill him. The Apostle Paul says,
I am not ashamed of the Go.-pel of Christ, for
it is the power of God unto salvation to ever}'
one that believetli. Then lot us not be asham-
ed to own Christ and his Gospel before men
by our lives and conversation, and to show by
our walk be'bre men that we are indeed His
followers, who said, my kint;-dom is not of this
world. And we, as a Society, and as indi-
vidual memliers thereof, should not be asham-
ed to own our principles, and to walk con-
formably thereto ; though it may be in the
cross to our natural inclinations: fori believe
the principles of Friends, as originally held
by our predecessors in the Society, and by
faithful Friends down to the present time, are
the principles of the Gospel of Christ, and are
still worth sutfering for. No part thereof
should be let fall, but all should be faithfully
maintained.
The cross seems to stand in the way of some
wlio admit the truth of those principles, for
they seem to think we might dispense with
what they call our minor testimonies, which
seem to be a great cross to them. They think
these are not needed in this enlightened age
of the world, but I do not see but what they
are as much needed now as they ever were
as a testimony against the sinful practices ol
the world that still "lieth in wickedness."
Those who think them little things should
remember that our Saviour says, " He that is
faithful in that which is least is faithful also
in much, and he that is unjust in the least is
unjust also in much." In accor.iance with
this, experience has shown in our Society that
those that are unfaithful in what thej^ term
these smaller testimonies, are often unfaithful
in the rest. They consider one thing small
and let it drop; and atter awhile something
else is deemed a simdl matter, and so they
progress, until they finally consider there is
not much in any of our principles, and leave
the Societ}' altogether, or, if they stay with
us, are dead weights to those who do stand
faithful.
If the principles of the Society of Friends
are maintained at all by this and succeeding
generations, in a Soeiet}' capacity, they must
be, as a whole, not by parts ; for there is such
a connection between the different parts of
those principles, that to take one part away,
weakens the entire structure. Therefore,
Friends, let us faithfully uphold those princi-
ples in all their parts. J. H.
Ohio, 7th month 28th, 1874.
Fur "Tbe Fricud.'
Curious Ubservations on the Pitcher Plant.
The leaves of the Sarracenia variolaris, or
pitcher plant, of the Southern States, have
long been known to act as a kind of fly trap.
Some recent observations made by Dr. Melli-
champ, of South Carolina, indicate the exis-
tence of some peculiarities in the plant which
are certainly very curious, and show an adap-
tation of structure for the apparent purpose
of entrapping insects, not hitherto suspected.
A water}' fluid has long been known to collect
in the bottom of the pitcher shaped leaf, in
which the insects found there were supposed
to have been drowned, which, it is ascertain-
ed, is a true secretion of the plant, bland and
mucilaginous in taste, but leaving in the
mouth a peculiar astringency, resembling in
degree that of the root. This secretion was
found to have upon insects inebriating or nar-|
cotic properties. B}' collecting from each leaf
its few drojis ofjuice. Dr. M. jirocured a suffi-
cient quantity of it, with which to test its in-
toxicalinix effects with houseflies and other
insects. He says, "some twenty flies were
experimented with. At flrst tbe fly makes an
effort to escape, though apparently he never
uses his wings in iloiiig so, the fluid though
seemingly not very tenacious, seems quickly
to saturate them, and so clings to them and
clogs them as to render flight impossible. A
fly when thrown in water is very apt to es-
cape, as the fluid seems to run from its wings;
but none of those escaped from the bath of the
Sarracenia secretion. In their efforts to es
cape thej' soon get unsteady in their move-
ments, and tumble sometimes on their backs;
thej' make more active and frantic efforts,
but very quickly stupor seems to overtake
them, and they then turn upon their sides ei-
ther dead, (as I at first supposed,) or in pro-
found anaesthesia." After some time the in-
sects recovered from the stupor, and when
placed in a convenient position were able to
crawl away. From the peculiar form of the
cup in which this secretion accumulates, no
opportunity would present for the escape of
the insects, who thus form in time a mass of
decomposing matter, fitted to nourish the
plant.
One of the objects of the secretion, how-
ever, appeared to be to act as a macerating
liquid, in which the bodies of the insects might
be more readily decomposed, and assimilated
to that condition in which they could aid in
promoting the growth of the plant; forming
in fact a liquid fertilizer.
Another interesting feature of this plant is
a sugary exudation near the top of the pitch-
er shaped leaf, which was very attractive to
insects, and as far as was observed, not poison-
ous. This appears to act the part of a lure
to entice them into the cup, which on the in
side is covered with a coating of hairs, soft
and delicate near the top, and pointing down
wards, but more rigid and bristly below, and
from which, when once entered, it appeared
almost impossible to escape. This sugar}' ex
udation was also found to extend along the
outside of the leaf, nearly if not quite to the
ground. "One can now readily understand
why ants should so frequently be found
among the earliest macerated insects at the
hase of the tube. Their fondness for saccha-
rine juices is well known, and while recon-
noitering at the base of the leaf and bent on
plunder, they are doubtless soon attracted bv
the sweets of this honeyed path lying right
before them, along which they may eat as
they march, until the mouth is reached, where
certain destruction awaits them." ''This ho-
neyed pathway leading from the grouud up
to the larger feeding ground to which the ants
are thus enticed, may well be compared with
the trail of corn with which hunters are wont
to entice wild turkeys into their traj). One
cannot imagine anything more curious."
In reference to the entra|)ment of the in-
sects by reason of the peculiar conformation
of the leaf, Dr. M. remarks : '• The nectar be-
ing found below the lower lip for a half inch
or more, when the fly is satiated and makes
for flight, he must do so immediately upward
for a very short distance, and then somewhat
at right angles to get through the outlet — a
somewhat difficult flight, which perhaps of all
insects a fly might be capable of, but which
even he probably is not." In their flight they
" strike themselves against the opposite sides
of the prison house, either upward or down-
ward, generally the former. Obtaining no
percdi or foothold they rebound off from this
velvety, 'microscopic cheriiiix de j'rl.if,' which
lines the inner surface still lower, until by a
series of zi^zai^ generally downvvard falling
flights, they finally reach the coarser and
more bristly pubescence of the lower cham-
ber, where entangled somewhat, they strug-
gle frantically, and eventually slide into the
pool of death. ^\nd even here, though they
may cease to struggle, and seem dead, like
'drowned flies,' yet are they only asphyxiat-
ed. After continued asphyxia they die, and
after maceration they add to tlie vigor and
sustenance of the plant. And this seems to
be the true use of this fluid, for it does not
seem to be at all necessary to the killing of
the insects, although it does possess that pow-
er, the conformation of the lunnel of the fly
trap is sufficient to destroy them. They only
die the sooner, and the sooner become liquid
manure."
Fur "Th,- Frit-nil."
Drought and Rain.
Many ]>ortions of our country in the vicinity
of Philadelphia, as well as in other situations,
have cx])erienccd during the present summer
the effects of a prolonged withholding of those
refreshing showers, which are so essential to
the maintenance of vegetable life, and the
health and ('omfortof us all. In some neigh-
borhoods, the broad leaves of the Indian corn
had rolled up, and pre-fented that ))arched as-
pect so distressing to the farmer; the pasture
fields had become brown and dry, and fur-
nished but little food for the animals that fed
in them ; and the cucumber, melon and similar
vines wilted under the hot suns. In many of
the fields, near the lines of the different rail-
roads, the grass was sot on fire by the sparks
of the passing engines, and partially con-
sumed. One who listened to the conversa-
tion of those who met in rural districts, would
hear sage comments on the weather, doubts
as to the future of the potatoe and tomato
crops, and discussions as to the amount of
drought that corn would bear, and the neces-
sity of moisture when the silk and tassel ap-
peared on it, and the grain was about develop-
ing. Even those not directly interested in
farming concerns, could not but enter into
sym|)athy with their friends and neighbors.
It often required some effort to refrain from
indulging in impatient longings for rain, and
to maintain that state of quiet submission to
the Divine will, which, when associated with
due diligence in the performance of our al-
loted labors, is the safest resting place for
shortsighted, dependent mortals.
The rains which have recently reached us,
have made a great change. A fresher green-
ness clothes the fields of grass, and the curled
corn-blailos open out their broad surfaces as
they feel the influence of this " sweet reviver
of the famished land." The spirits of the
people are as much enlivened as their fields,
and they now look forward with confident
hopes of receiving a reward for their labors
and care.
Can we not see in all these things an em-
blem of the condition into which the church
is sometimes brought? There are times when
little apparent fruit is seen from the most
earnest labors of the spiritual husbandmen.
406
THE FRIEND.
The seed which is sown, remains in the hearts
apparently without germinating — the soil ap
pears to be without moisture, and no growth
is vit;ible. The hoe of church discipline may
indeed cut down the weeds that spring up,
but it cannot supply that penetrating and all-
powerful Cxrace, which alone gives spiritual
greenness and life to the plants. ])ishearten-
ing as it may seem to the workman in such a
field, it is still his duty faithfully to stir the
ground, prune the straggling branches, watch
over and care for the poor shrivelled plants,
as the Master of the vineyard may direct. In
the vicissitudes of the heavenly seasons, the
rains will descend and water the ground —
there will come a time when it will please the
Lord of the harvest, not only to send forth
laborers, but to visit His Church with a re-
newed outpouring of His Grace and good
Spirit. Then indeed the toiling husbandmen
will see of the travail of their souls and be
satisfied. Sons and daughters, who had wan-
dered far from the safe inclosure of the sheep-
fold, will be brought back ; new growth will
bo developed in some who had seemed like
stunted plants; and heavenl}- life and beauty
will acain adorn the garden of the Lord.
The '•Ciiallenger'' Expedilioii.
This lecture was delivered at S. George's
Hall, Langham-place, London, by Dr. W. B.
Car])enter, F.E>., on the " First Fruits of the
Challenger E.^pedition — Temperature Survej-
of the Atlantic." The lecturer commenced
by stating that among the objects of the
Challenger expedition sent out in the begin-
ning of last year, none was more important
than the examination of the temperature of
the various ocean basins, not merely at the
surface and the bottom, but at different ocean
depths, in order to collect data for the differ-
ent ocean currents. The chief great move-
ment is that which brings warm water from
the S. W. to our shores and to the Hebrides
and Norway, which is commonlj- su]3posed to
be brought l:)_y the Gulf Stream, but it will be
shown that the real Gulf Stream dies awa\
in the mid-Atlantic. The first great principle
of the movement of ocean water is horizontal
by w'ind. If we take a cii'cular vessel of wa-
ter and introduce a current of air in a side
direction, it will drive the water round the
vessel, and though some of its force will be
expended in striking against the walls of the
vessel, its movement will continue towards
the point whence it started ; and thus if the
wind in certain parts of the ocean blow awa}-
the water, this is constantly replaced by re-
turn currents. Butif we blow the air sti'jiight
across the circular vessel, its effect will be^ to
turn the water right and left at the o])posite
side, and these two currents will again meet
at the point where the air was introduced.
This is important to remember, as it explains
many of the ocean currents, and is applicable
to the surface of the Allnntic, where the trade
winds blow continuail}- from Africa to Am-
erica, and in the Pacific from America to
China and Japan. These trade winds im
pel a strong current, known as the equatorial
current, which reaches from the Equator tn
lat. 20° or 23°, the variation depending ujion
the season. This current flowing from the
Bight of Biafra strikes the coast line of South
Aniarica, and only a projecting small portion
goes to the south, while the gi-eater part slants
to the north : the result is that an enormous
body of water flows from Cape S. Roque to
the Carribean Sea, turns round into the Gulf
of Mexico between Cuba and Yucatan, and
comes out between Florida and the Bahamas
propelled onwards by a vis a tergo, or force
from behind, of the Equatorial Current, which
the Challenger proves to be very shallow and
confined to the surface, not extending below
one hundred fiithoms. But part of the Equa-
torial Current does not enter the Gulf of
Mexico, but makes a circulation of its own,
and duly returns to the Bight of Biafra, en-
countering on its way that vast bed of sea-
weed known as the Sargasso Sea, which so
dismayed the mariners of Columbus, and
whose large area of vegetation doubtless plays
an important part in nourishing the animals
below. The South Atlantic has no Gulf
Stream, and the current after its divergence
at Cape S. lioque goes southward under the
name of the BrazirCurrent, and as the Con-
necting Current returns to the Bight of Biafra.
In inquiring the reason of this movement we
find that it is helped by wind, and that the cur-
rent recrosses the Atlantic in that direction
because of the anti-trade winds, and their
prevalent direction being from west to east
they i)roduce a movement in that direction.
If we turn a terrestrial globe the point on
the Equator moves faster than any other
part, therefore anything passing from the
Equator would carry with it an excess hj
easterly momentum, and conversely a body
of water coming from the Pole towards the
Equator would have a deficiency of easterly
momentum, and would turn to the west. At
Africa the prevalent wind is from the south,
and renders the circulation complete. The
same principle prevails in the Pacific, where
the Equatorial current rolls from South Am-
erica to the Indian Archipelago, and is de-
flected into the Japan Current towards Beh-
ring straits and returns by Mexico to whence
it came. The conrmon saying that the Gulf
Stream passes through the Mid-Atlantic, strik-
ing the shores of Britain, and moving up to
Iceland, is based on the unquestionable fiict
of the gradual movement of a body of warm
water, and which according to the'isotherraal
lines (lines of equal heat) drawn by Dr.
Petermann, passes nearly straight across the
.Vtlantic, turning upwards after passing New-
foundland, and is as warm at lat. 7U as at
.Newfoundland; these lines follow ihe coast
lines, and thus the harbors of Norway are
never blocked hj ice in the winter, though
there is often ice in the port (if New York:
the harbors on one side of Iceland are also
iqion, though those of (.Greenland are often
blocked even in summer. Some assert this
warm current to be the Gulf Stream, but after
passing Halifax and Nova Scotia the Gulf
>treani spreads out into a thin superficial
film.
Dr. Carpenter jiroceeded to state that be-
fore the departure of the Challenger he put
forth certain general conclusions and predic-
tions, one h_vpothesis being that in the great
ocean beds are two strata, one, the deeper,
moving from the Pole to the Equator and
moving quickly; the other at the top, moving
slowly from the Eipiatoi- to the Pole. The
sustaining force is found in the heaviness of
the water induced by Polar cold, which pro-
duces a downward movement, and the excess
of lateral })ressure causes an outflow of water
from the bottom towards the Equator, which
also occasions a surface indraught. The lec-
turer stated that he had illustrated this by aa
experiment of a glass trough, placing at one
end a hot jilate, at the other a metal box of
freezing mixture. If a coloring substance be
dropped into the water midway between the
two ends it flows to the cold end, then drops
to the bottom, and rises when it comes be-
neath the hot plate. We find that the South
Atlantic ocean bed is colder than the north-
ern, for in the noi'tli the communication with
the Polar area is narrow, the only channel
being between Greenland and Iceland. But
in the Antartic region there is nothing to ir
terfere with the free flow, and thus the tem-
perature of the bottom of the South Atlantic
is lower, and there is a greater evidence of i
the Polar flow and of Polar water close to the
Equator.
The first section of the Challenger's voyage
was from Teneriffe (lat. 28 N.) to S. Thomas
(18 N.,) and when they found water at a tem-
perature so low as 3-t there were suspicious of
Antartic water, which it seems flows as far
north of the Equator as S. Thomas, It must,
be remembered that depth has nothing to
do with ti'mperature, the temperature be-
ing determined by the mean winter tempera-
ture of the locality or by the coldest water
that can get in. This is well proved by the
uniformity of the Mediterranean, where only
the surface is affected by the summer sun, the
tem])erature from 50 fathoms downwards re-
maining at .54° all the year. Why should the
water in the Mediterranean be 55° while that
of the Atlantic, only just outside it, is at ex-
actly the same depth :-i5°, if the water did
not come from a Polar basin ? From S, Thomas
the Challenger went to Bermuda, and just one
hundred miles due north of S. Thomas found
the deepest water she had yet met with, S,S75
fathoms, both thermometers being crushed by
the extraordinary pressure of 44 tons on the
square inch. From the Bermudas she passed
to New York and Nova Scotia, passing a
broad band of about 60°, which contains the
turn of the equatorial current, bringing heat,
although it be not the Gulf Stream, Between
the Gulf Sti'eam and the coast line is a band
of cold water called the "cold wall," and so
sharp is the line of division that a ship may
have her stem in the one water and her stern
in the other. In the Equatorial section of the
C/iallenger's explorations there was found at
Paul's Itock (Ij'ing almost on the Equator in
long, 30° W.) an extraordinary thinness of
surface water, while the low temperature of
the bottom water shows that it must be purely
Antarctic water ; therefore at the Equator the
water has the hottest surface and the coldest
bottom. The question now remains how
the heat of the Atlantic current acts upon us.
Oft" Portugal it is rather below the normal
temperature, but as it moves northward it
carries its temperature with it, and only the
heat of the surface is lowered, the rest retain-
ing its temperature as far as the Faroe Isles
(whore it is above the winter temperature of
the islanils, themselves,) thus carrying an
enormous body of heat, and 500 fathoms is a
more efleetive heater than a film of 50 fath-
oms, such as the Gulf Stream ^vould be, even
though it might be hotter water, Anothei-
instance where a cold stratum of water comes
up to the surface was observed by Dr. Meyer,
who has given much attention to the Baltic
and North Sea. The North Sea is exceed-
ingly shallow, never exceeding 100 fathoms
e.xcept in one channel extending along the
THE FRIEND.
407
south coast of JSToi-waj- as fur as the Skagcrack.
Along the west side of this channel flows a
cold stream from the Arctic Ucean. This
continues over the bed of the North Sea up to
Dogu;or Bank, where in a very short space
tbe'i-e is a ilitt'erence of 15° Fahrenheit between
the eastern and western slopes. An ettoct of
these movements, more important than the
amelioration of climate, is to prevent stagna-
tion. In the bottom of the Mediterranean
the whole is a stagnant mass of water, de-^li-
tute of animal life. Dr. Carpenter added that
on his tirst visit to the Mediterranean he ex-
pected to find a large fauna, and on reasoning
on his disappointment concluded that this
absence of life was due to a deficiency of oxy-
gen for want of aeration to remove the car-
bonic acid. Accordingly on his second visit
he took instruments to analyse the gases, and
found that where oxygen was in the Atlantic
in proportion of 20 to 100 it was but 5 in the
Mediterranean, and where carbonic acid in
the former was 45 in the latter it was 60.
The vertical circulation prevailing in the At-
lantic brings every drop of bottom water to
the top, and, still more important, carries
every drop of surface water to the bottom,
thus carrying nutrition from the Sargasso to
animal life in the depths. The Challenger
observations have also discovered that accord-
ing to the indications of specific gravity the
surface water and the bottom water corres-
pond much more closely at the Equator than
at anj' other place. This aftords a very strik-
ing indication of the ascent of bottom water
toward the surface, which on the theory of
the vertical circulation ^vouId take place in
the Equatorial region where the two under
flows from the Poles meet. The lecturer con
eluded by remarking that the Challenger was
now pursuing a jjrosperous voyage in the
South Pacific, her latest researches being be-
tween Melbourne and Kerguelen's Land. —
English Mechanic.
For "The Friend."
The following extracts are taken from a
letter recently received by a Friend in this
city. It was written by Friends who belong
to a distant Yearly Meeting, and not long
since were with us on a religious account. It
is believed that it may prove interesting and
encouraging to others, as well as to those to
■whom it was addressed.
'"When He putteth forth his own he
goeth before them and prepares the way.'
This is a lesson that mauj' in our Society are
slow to learn in this day of intellectual ac-
tivity. They seem to think that certain
things must be accomplished, and that they
have the power and qualifications within
themselves to bring about desirable results;
and hence going forth in this spirit, and rely-
ing on their own strength to carry them
through, they meet with obstructions, and
confusion is their portion.
" We often feel tor a class of young Friends
■who are at times heard to speak in our meet-
ings, and some of whom have been under the
Lord's preparing hand for service; yet by
coming under the influence of this restless
spirit, and giving heed to the urgent entrea-
ties of others to engage in work now, without
waiting for the call and renewed qualification
for every respective service, they have not
grown in their gifts, but are a burden to So-
ciety. The wild fire has to a large extent
swept over our Society in this part of the
country, but there are several that have not
come under its influence, but are still stand-
ing for the principles of the Gospel as pro-
fessed by Friends."
•■-♦.
History of Stoves.— DxxT'mg the seventeenth
century in England, as well as this continent,
although great fires blazed in the royal cham-
bers and iialls, and the parlors of the wealthy,
the domestics were almost ]ierishing with
cold. This discomfort did not proceed from
selfish or stingy housekeeping, but rather
from an aftecta\ion of hardihood, jiarticularly
among the lower classes, where efleminaey
was reckoned a reproach. This may account,
in jiart, fin- the slow introduction of chimne3's.
Walls were rarely h.thed and plastered, ceil-
ings were just beginning to be boarded in the
best houses; doors, sash, and window-shutters
were of the most wretched fit ; and tongue
floor boards did not come into use until 1670.
About the same time, from Germany, came
the grand invention of hanging, bj^ a cord,
weight and pulleys, the lower sash of a win
dow.
In 1658 Sir John Winter invented a fire-box
for burning coal or coke insi<le a chimneN'-
placc, with a hole above, covered with a
nioveable plate. This "was similar to one sug-
gested b3' Savot, in France, and was probably
the origin of the first coal grate. An im-
provement "was made on this liy Jorevin de
Rochford, in London, whereby greater econo-
my was obtained, and the smoke better dis-
posed of; but this was again exceeded by the
one placed in his chamber by Prince Rupert,
in 1768. In this, instead of a hole directlj'
over the grate, the draught went out at the
back, until the firo was well kindled, when
adamperin the flue was pulled forward, which
forced the smoke down a short distance, and
then allowed it to rise in the chimney, behind
a low partition in the middle of the flue.
The first of all our present coal stoves seems
to have been one described liy M. Justel to
the Royal Societ}' as the invention of M.
Dalesme, and which was exhibited at the fair
of St. Germain, near Paris, in 1680. It was
made of wrought iron, and consisted of a deep
basin or vase, seated on and connected with
a square box, and from the rear part of the
latter a curved pipe rose into the chimney at
a height considerably above the top of the
vase. On starting the fire the iron pipe i-e-
quircd to be first well heated to make a down
ward draft through the coals. Justel is <piite
enthusiastic aViout it. Beside its ventilating
a room, he says: "The most fa'tid things,
mutters which stink abominably when taken
out of the fire, in this engine make no ill scent ;
neither do red herrings broiled thereon."
That was the eyperimentum crucis verily, and
we don't wonder he liked the new "engine."
Glauber, who discovered the salt which
bears his name, claims the discovery of the
front cover or "blower" for a grate, leaving
space below for the a'r to enter. This was
a great triumph, and the vocation of the bel-
lows was ended. He declared that so disgusted
was he with the puffing of fires and the smells
and drudgery of his lalioratory, that he was
about to discard it forever, when he made the
happy discovery ; and he ends with a devout
piayer of thanks to heaven for the same. —
Lute Paper.
first with a gross temptation. A large log
and a candle may safely be left together. But,
bring a tew shavings, and then some small
sticks, and then some larger, and soon you may
bring the green log to ashes.
Leave thy fatherless children, 1 will ])re-
serve thcni alive, and let th}- widows trust in
Me.
THE FRIEND.
EIGHTH MONTH S. 1874.
Gradual Temptations the Most Powerful.
Seldom ■will Sataa come to the Christian at
"The Journal of William Penn, while visit-
ing Holland and German}' in 1077." This is
the title of one of William Penn's smaller
works, recently reprinted by the Meeting for
Sutterings, in a neat duodecimo form, and
bound in cloth. It is for sale at the Book-
store, No. 304 Arch St., at the low price of
40 cents.
The narrative is an interesting one, especi-
ally that part of it connected with the visit
to the Court of Princess Elizabeth at Her-
werden. The lively account of his religious
exercises, of which he has preserved a record,
is calculated to be useful to young and old.
The republication at this time of this little
book, is the result mainly of a concern fur the
j'ounger branches of our Society ; that in read-
ng it, they may see the way in which the
Spirit of the Lord worked on the hearts of a
former generation, led them into the Heavenly
fold, enriched them with spiritual blessings,
jnd clothed them with a dignity surpassing
that of nure rank or station. Happ}* indeed
will it be for them, if the}- are in any measure
nflueno d thereby, to yi' Id their hearts to
the gracious visitations of I'ivine love, and so
to walk in the footsteps of the flock of Christ's
companions. This path is thus beautifully
pointed out by Wra. Penn in an epistle con-
tained in this journal :
"It is the exhortation of ray life at this
time, in the earnest and fervent motion of tho
power and Spirit of Jesus, to beseech you all,
who are turned to the Light of Christ, which
shineth in your hearts, and believe in it; that
you carefully and faithfully walk in it, in the
same dread, awe and fear in which you began;
that that holy poverty of spirit, which is pre-
cious in the eyes of the Lord, and was in the
days of your first love, may dwell and rest
with you ; that you may daily feel the same
heavenly hunger and thirst, the same lowli-
ness and humility of mind, the same zeal and
tenderness, and the same sincerity and love
unfeigned ; that God may fill you out of His
heavenly treasure with the riches of life, and
crown you with holy victory and dominion
over the god and spirit of this world ; that
your alpha may be your omega, and your
author your finisher, and your first love your
last love; that so none may make shipwreck
of faith and of a good conscience, nor faint by
tho way."
The presenting of such a book to a young
friend, may have a useful eftVct, in mauilest-
ing that interest in their welfare which seeks
to draw them to the Heavenly fold ; and may
also be of advantage to the giver in strength-
ening, by exercise, that sympathy and care
which ought to be extended by the older to
the younger members of the church.
The Book Committee have also recently
408
THE FRIEND.
had printed and bound in muslin, the " Ist
and 2nd Propositions of Barclay's Apology on
the True Foundation of Knowledge and Im-
mediate Revelation," price 10 cents; and also
the "5th and Cth Propositions on Universal
and Saving Licjht," price 15 cents. This was
done in compliance with a request from con-
cerned Friends in one of our western Yearlj'
Meetings ; who desired to have something in
a concise form for circulation among those of
their members who needed information as to
the principles of our Society on some points.
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
FoRETON. — On the 28lh nit., in tlie House of Com-
mons, Disraeli said the government li;u1 received satis-
factory assurances from the conferring Powers in regard
to the Brussels Congress, and delegates had been sent
on behalf of Great Britain under instructions already
made known to the House.
R. Bourke, Under Secretary of State for Foreign
AfTiirs, .said it was believed that a German .squadron
had been sent to the coast of Spain merely to protect
German residents.
The King of Ashantee has paid a further instalment
to Gre.Tt Britain on the war indemnity.
A destructive fire occurred in Liverpool the 28th ult.
by which the Prince's Dock landing stages were entirely
destroyed. The damage is estimated at $1,000,000.
The Bank of England rate of discount has been raised
to 3 per cent., but loans are made in open market at
much lower rates.
The public worship regulation bill has passed its
third reading in the House of Commons.
Liverpool. — Uplands cotton, 8ld. ; Orleans, S^d.
A Brussels dispatch says: It is understood that a
majority of the delegates to the International Congress
favor the exclnsion of all points relating to naval war,
and a strict adherence to matters strictly connected with
the amelioration of human suffering in time of war.
The damage done by the recent storms in Moravia,
far exceeds the earlier estimates. Eleven villages and
two towns were devastated. The government will ex-
tend aid to the inhabitants.
It is stated that Italy has made a demand upon
France for the recall of the war ship Orenoqne, which
has been permanently stationed at Civita Vecchia, as a
refuge for the Pope in case of necessity.
The Pope, in a recent address, intimated that he had
been offered an asyhim in America, but said he should
remain in Rome " until the moment when God himself
will make known His will and the order of Provi-
dence."
Vienna journals say Austria has received a circular
note from Germany, urging the great Powers to com-
bine to prevent the continuance of Carlist atrocities in
Spain, and has given a favorable reply.
The Morning Fosl asserts that Germany will propose
in the Brussels Congress the recognition of the present
government of Spain.
The Ciilor/ne Gazelle s.ays Prince Hobenlohe, the GJer-
man Minister at Paris, has unofficially informed the
Dnke de Cnzes that if France fails to act stringently
toward the Carlists, a German squadron will be sent to
the Spanish coast, and Germany is resolved to take
measures against the Carlists.
The Imparclal, of Madrid, specifies the following
among other grounds of complaint against France.
Arms bearing the royal initials of Don Carlos have
been publicly sold at Bayonne; a manufactory at Bor-
deaux has lieen allowed to make contracts for supply-
ing the Carlist army with boots and shoes. The Prefect
of the Department of the Lower Pyrenees, who per-
mitted the public entry of Carlists into Spain, is still
retained in office, and thousands of armed recruits for
the Carlists have crossed the frontier. Finally two
cargoes of arms from France have been landed in Spain
for the Carlists.
The Spanish delegates to the Brussels Congress have
been instructed from Madrid not to participate in the
deliberations because the government is yet unrecog-
nizeil by the European Powers.
The Carlists claim a great victory over the Republi-
cans, between Castle Folliet and Figneras, near the
frontier. The losses were heavy on each side. The
Carlists deny the truth of the reports charging them
with atrocities at Cuenca and other places.
The telegraph office at S<ntander has refused to ac-
cept any dispatches relating to military operations and
events of the war. '
The Portuguese authorities have taken active mea-
sures to prevent any violation of the frontier by the
Carlists.
The French Assembly on the 29th, voted on a reso-
lution for dissolving the chamber. It was defeated by
3."2 yeas to 374 nays. After much excited discussion
during successive days, it was finally voted by a large
majority to adjourn from 8th mo. 6th to lltb mo. 30th.
The permanent committee of the Assembly, which is
to sit during the recess, has been elected. It is com-
posed of six Leeitimists, ten members of the Moderate
Right and Right Centre, and nine of the left. The
Bonapartists are whollv excluded.
United State.s. — Negotiations for the balance of
the five per cent, funded loan have been concluded bv
the Secretary of the Treasury with August Belmont &
Co., in behalf of the Rothschilds of London, and I. <t L,
Seligman A Co., on behalf of themselves and their as-
sociates. These parties make an absolute subscription
for forty-five millions of dollars, coupled with the op-
tion of taking the remainder of the loan at any time
within six months. The loan is taken at par to be paid
for in coin or six per cent, bonds. The bal.ance of the
loan, which it is supposed will be taken by the same
parties, is $124,000,000. If the proposed substitution
of 5 per cent, bonds for those bearing 6 per cent, takes
place to the extent anticipated, it will effect a reduction
of $1,790,000 annually in the interest charges.
The San Francisco Bulletin says : The surplus wheat
for export this year from California will hardly be less
than 600,000 tons. Probably about 1,000 tons is an
verage cargo. A fleet of six hundred ships will there-
fore be required to export this surplus. A large num-
ber of ships to arrive have already been chartered at
$4 per ton and upward. Atthis rate the freight money
to be paid on this wheat will amount to $2,400,000.
The grasshoppers or locusts continue their devasta-
tions in various parts of Minnesota, but are now mov-
ing eastwards. Great numbers of this destructive in-
sect have also appeared in western and south-western
Kansas, where they devour every green thing in their
line of movement.
The Public Debt of the United States, less cash in
the Treasury, amounted on the 1st inst. to $2,141,805,-
37-"), having Ijeen reduced $1,282,866 during the pre-
ceding month. The interest on the public debt paid
during the year ending 6th rao. 30Lh last, was $107,-
119,815.
The interments in Philadelphia for the week ending
8th mo. l.st, were 365, including 201 children under two
years.
The mean teiuperature of the Seventh month by the
Pennsylvania Hospital rocord, was 78.48 deg., which
is one degree less than that of the Seventh mo. 1873.
The highest temperature during the month was 94 deg.,
and the lowest 64 deg. The amount of rain 2.75 inches.
The rain fall of the first seven months of this year has
been 24.22 inches, against 29.28 inches in the corres-
ponding mouths 1873. The average of the mean tem-
perature of the Seventh month for the past 85 years is
stated to be 75.98 deg., the highest mean during that
entire period occurred in 1872, and was 82.31 deg., the
lowest 68 deg., w.as in 1816.
ITie Markets, &c. — The following were the quotations
on the 3d inst. New York. — American gold, 109 J.
U. S. sixes, 1881, registered, 117} ; do. coupons, 118J-;
do. 5-20, 1868, registered, 110; do. coupon, 113|; do.
5 per cents, llli a lllj. Superfine flour, $4.70 a $5 ;
State extra, *5.40 a $5.80; finer brands, $6 a $9.20.
No. 1 Chicago spring wheat, $1 29; No. 2 do., $1.25 ;
amber Tennessee, $1.34; white Kentucky, $1.45 a $1.50.
Old oats, 80 a 87 cts. ; new, 65 a 70 cts. Rye, 94 cts.
Mixed and yellow corn, 78 a 79 cts. ; white, 89 a 90 cts.
Philadelphia. — Cotton, 17} a 17J cts. for uplands and
New Orleans. Superfine flour, $3.50 a $4 ; extras, $4.50
a $5 ; finer brands, *5.50 a $9.50. Western red wheat,
$1.25 a $1.30; Pennsylvania, $1.40; do. amber, $1.45
a $1..50; No. 1 spring wheat, $1.20. Rye, 93 a 95 ct.s.
Yellow corn, 81 a 82 cts. Old oats, 78 a SO cts.; new,
72 a 73 cts. Lard, 12} cts. Clover-seed, 10 a 11 cts.
The market for beef cattle was better. Sales of 1700
bead at 7| a 7if cts. per lb. gross, for choice, 6f a 7J cts.
for fair to good, and common 4J a 6i cts. Sheep sold
at 4J a 5} cts. per lb. gross for fair to good. Receipts,
16,000 he.ad. Corn fed hogs sold at$10.50 a $10.75 per
100 lbs. net. Chicago. — No. 1 spring wheat, $1.06;
No. 2 do., $1.02. No. 2 mixed corn, 63 cts. New oats,
46 cts. Rye, 70 cts. Spring barlev, $1.05. Lard,
12} cts. Omci'wiia;!:.— Family flour, $0.10 a $5.40. Red
wheat, $1.03 a $1.05. Corn, 05 a 07 cts. New oats,
48 a 52 cts. Lard, 13 cts. Baltimore. — Choice white
wheat, $1.40 a $1.45; prime red, $1.35 a $1.40,
Southern white corn, 90 a 92 cts. ; yellow, 82 a 83 cts,
Oats, 65 cts.
WANTED.
A suitable Friend to fill the station of Governess at
Westtown Boarding School. Apply to
Elizabeth C. Scattergood, West Chester, Pa.
Lydia L. Walton, Moorestown, N. .J.
Hannah Evans, 322 Union St., Philadelphia.
Hannah Richardson, Wilmington, Del.
WANTED.
A suitable Friend to take the position of Writing )
, Teacher and Assistant Governor at Westtown Boarding
School — for next Session. Apply to
Charles Evans, 702 Race street, Philadelphia,
Clarkson Sheppard, Greenwich, New Jersey,
Joseph Walton, Moorestown, New Jersey.
SHELTER FOR COLORED ORPHANS.
Wanted, by the 1st of lOtli rao. next, a suitable
Friend for Matron for the above institution.
Application may be made to
Hannah R. Newbold, 643 Franklin St.
Marv Wood, .524 South Second St.
Mary Randolph, 247 North Twelfth St.
Anna W. Lippincott, 460 North Seventh St.
WANTED.
An unmarried Friend to take the position of Governor
at Westtown Boarding School, on or before the close of
the present session, in the 10th month next.
Apply to
Clarkson Sheppard, Greenwich, New Jersey,
Joseph Walton, Moorestown, "
Charles Evans, 702 Race street, Philadelphia.
HAVERFORD COLLEGE.
The next Term will commence on Fourth-day, 9th
rao. 2nd, 1874. Applications for admissions should be
addressed to Samuel J. GujutERE, President,
Haverford College, Montgomery Co., Pa.
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE.
Near Frankford, {Twenty-third Ward,) Philadelphia.
Physician and Superintendent — JosHTJA H. Worth-
INGTON, M. D.
Applications for the Admission of Patients may be
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Board of
Managers.
Died, at Jamestown, Rhode Island, on 3rd rao. 13th,
1874, after a short illness, Sarah Foster, wife of
George W. Carr, aged sixty-six years. Of whose meek-
ness and unassuming piety it might be said, " diligent
in business, serving the Lord," to whom the principles
of Friends in their pnrity were very precious. Calm
and resigned to the last, we believe her end was peace.
, at Flushing, Ohio, on the 1st of 4th mo. 1874,
Rebecca, wife of Wm. C. Williams, in the 61st year
of her age, a member of Fhishing Monthly and Par-
ticular Meeting. She was as a mother affectionate and
firm, as a neighbor kind and helpful, as a wife loving
and faithful in an eminent degree. She expressed .at
times that she believed her work was done, and she saw
nothing stand in her way, and had nothing to do but
watch and wait her Master's time. This dear Friend
was firmly attached to the doctrines and testimonies of
the Societj' of Friends, and exemplified the same in an
humble and Christian walk among men. She main-
tained her faculties to the last, and was favored to view
with Christian fortitude the approach of the pale mes-
senger, supplicating just at the last moment, that her
gracious Master might be pleased to say that it is
enough ; which was mercifully granted. Her friends
have a well grounded hope that her end was peace.
, on the 16th of 5th mo. 1874, in the 75th year
of his age, Charles Ellis, a beloved member of the
Western District Monthly Meeting, Philadelphia. His
natural amiability and politeness, sanctified by the
Holy Spirit, formed a character of more than usual
loveliness. The afflicted, whether of body or mind,
found in him a .sympathizing friend. Toward all who
loved the Lord Jesus Chri.st in sincerity, whatever their
doctrinal creed or church connection, his love was mani-
fested freely; yet his attachment to the principles of
our own religious Society was strong. His summons to
leave this life was sudden, yet we believe was joyfully
received. He trusted not in works of righleousnesa,
hut in the atoning blood of Christ, in whom his faith
had long been fixed. " Blessed is that servant whom
his Lord, when he cometh, shall find so doing."
WILLIAM H. PILE, PRINTER.
No. 422 Walnut Street.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. XLVII.
SEVENTH-DAY, EIGHTH MONTH 15, 1874.
NO. 52.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
Price Two Dollars per annum, if paid in ailvanoe. Two
dollara and fifty cents, if not paid in advance.
Snbacriptions and PftymyntB receitod by
JOHN S. STOKES,
AT NO. 116 NORTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS,
PHILADELPHIA.
Po3t.age, when paid quarterly in advance, five cents.
For " Tlie Frifnd."
JItws from the Stnrs.
CConcIiiilfd fiMiii l>af;e 40L'.^
Ncirly foul' years ago, Dr. Ilugcrins sue-
coedcd in showing that tho briglit star Siriu.'^
is travelling at an enormouslj- rapid rate away
from tis. In other words, besides that rapid
thwart motion which is shifting the place of
this star upon the heavens, the star has a rapid
motion of recession. I propose here briefly
to describe and explain the method.
Conceive that a person, standing on the
edge of a steadily-flowing stream, throws corks
into it at regular intervals — say one cork per
second. These would float down the stream,
remaining always separated by a constant
distance. Thus, if the stream were flowing
three feet per second, the corks would be a
yard apart (supposing, forcouvenience of illus-
tration, that each cork was thrown with
exactly the same force and in exactly the
same direction.) Now, if a person a mile or
so down the stream saw these corks thus float-
ing past, he could infer that they had been
I thrown in at regular intervals ; and, more-
1 over, if he knew the rate of the stream, and
; that the corks were thrown in by a person
' standing at the river's edge, he would know
! that the interval between the throwing of
j successive corks was one second. But, vice
[ i^ersa, if he knew the rate of the stream, and
; that the corks were thrown in at intervals of
■ one second, he could infer that the person
^ throwing them was standing still. For let us
I conside.' what would happen, if the cork-
1 thrower sauntered up-stream or down-stream
■while throwing corks at intervals of one
second. Suppose he moved up-stream at the
rate of a foot per second ; then, when he has
thrown one cork, he moves a foot up-stream
bel'ore he throws the next; and the first cork
has floated three feet down stream ; hence the
second cork falls four feet behind the first.
Thus the common distance between the corks
is now four feet instead of three feet. Next
suppose he saunters downstream at the rate
of a foot persecond ; then, when he has thrown
one cork, he moves a foot down-stream before
he throws the next; and the first cork has
floated three feet down-stream ; hence the
second cork falls only two feet behind the
first. Thus the common distance between the
corks is now two feet instead of three feet.
It is clear, then, that the person standing a
mile or so down-stream, if he knows tliat the
stream is flowing three feet per second, and
that his friend up stream is throwing one cork
in per s"cond, can bo quite sure that hi^i friend
is standing still if the corks come past with a
common interval of three feet between them.
Moreover, ho can be equally sure that his
friend is sauntering up-stream if the corks
come past with a common interval exceeding
three feet; and that he is sauntering down-
stream, if the common interval is less than
three feet. And if, by some process of measur-
ing, he can find out exactly how much greater
or how much less than three feet the interval
is, he can tell exactly bow fast his friend is
sauntering up-stream or down stream. It
would not matter how far down-stream the
observer might be, so long as the stream's rate
of flow remained unchanged; nor, indeed,
would it matter, even though the stream
flowed at a different rate past the observer
than past tlie cork-thrower, so long as neither
of these two rates were liable to alteration.
Now, we may compare the emission of light-
waves by a luminous object to the throwing
of corks in our illustrative case. The rate of
flow for light-waves is indeed infinitely faster
than that of any river, being no less than
185,000 miles per second. The successive
light-waves are set in motion at infinitely
shorter time-intervals, since for extreme red
light there are no less than 458,000,000,000,-
OOO undulations per second, and ibr extreme
violet no less than 727,000,000,000,000; but
these specific diff'erences do not affect the
exactness of the illustration. It is obvious
that all that is necessary to make the parallel
complete is that the flow of light-waves shall
reach the observer at a constant rate (which
is the actual case), and that he shall know,
in the case of any particular and distinguish-
able kind of light, what is the rate at which
the wave-action is successively excited, and
be able to compare with this known rate the
rate at which they successively reach him.
If they come in quicker succession than from
a luminous bodj- at rest, he will know that
the source of light is approaching as certainly
as our observer down-stream would know
that his friend was sauntering towards him
if the corks came two feet apart instead of
three feet. If, on tho contrary, the light-
waves of a particular kind come in slower
succession than from a body at rest, the ob-
server will know that the source of light is
receding, ])recisely as the river side observer
would know that his friend was travelling
away from him if the corks came past him
four feet apart instead of three.
Now, the stellar spectroscopist can dis-
tinguish among the light waves of varied
length which reach him, those which have a
particular normal length. He analyses star-
light with his spectroscope, and gets from it
a rainbow-tinted streak crossed by dark lines.
These dark lines belong to definite )iarls of
the spectrum : that is, to such and such jiarts
of its red, or orange, or yellow, or green, or
blue, or indigo, or violet ])ortion. Thus they
correspond to light having a particular wave-
length. And iniiiiy of these lines in stellar
spectra are identifiable with the liimo due i,u
known elements. For instance, in tho spec-
trum of Sirius there are four strong dark lines
corresponding to the known bright lines of
the spectrum of hj'drogen. Thus tho wave-
length corresponding to any one of those dark
lines is perfectly well known to tiio spectro-
scopist from what ho has already learned by
examining the bright lines of hydrogen. Now,
if Sirius were receding very rapidly, the wave-
length corrosponding to one of thesj lines
would be lengthened ; it would correspond, in
fact, to a part of the spectrum nearer the red
end or tho region of longer lightwaves, and
thus the dark lino would be shifted towards
the rod end of the spectrum: whereas, on the
contrary, if Sirius wore very rapidly approach-
ing, tho dark line would be shifted towards
the violet end of the spectrum. All that
would bo necessary would be that the rate of
approach or recession should boar an appre-
ciable proportion to the rate at which light
travels, or 185,000 miles per second. For, re-
verting to our cork-thrower, it is clear that if
ho travelled up-stream or down-stream at a
rate exceedingly minute compared with the
stream's rate of flow, it would bo impossible
for the observer down stream to bo aware of
the cork-throwor's motion in either direction,
unless, indeed, ho had some very exact moans
of measuring the interval between tho succes-
sive corks.
Now the spectrum of a star can be made
longer or shorter according to tho dispersive
power employed. The longer it is, the fainter
its light will be ; but, so long as the dai'k lines
can be seen, tho longer the spectrum is, the
greater is tho shitl duo to stellar recession or
approach ; and therefore tho more readily may
such recession or approach bo detected. But,
with the instrument used by L)r. Iluggins
four years ago, it was hopeless, save in tho
case of the brilliant Sirius (giving more than
five times as much light as any other star
visible in our northern heavensj, to look for
any displacement duo to a lower rate of reces-
sion than some hundred miles per second
(little more than tho two-thousandth part of
tho velocity of light). What was to be done,
then, was to provide a much more powerful
telescope, so that the stellar-spectra would
boar a consider.tbly greater degree of disper-
sion. With admirable pnnnptilude the Uo^-al
Society devoted a large sum of monej' to the
construction of such an instrument, to be lent
to Dr. Huggins for tho ])rosecution of his re-
searches into stellar motions of approach and
recession. This telesco|)e, with an a])erluro
'of fifteen inches, and a light-gathering power
somewhat exceeding that usual with such an
' aperture, was accordingly completed, and pro-
410
THE FRIEND.
vided with the necessary spectroscopic appli-
ances. Many months have not passed since
all the arrangements were complete.
In the meantime, I had arrived at certain
inferences respecting the proper motions of
the stars, on which Dr. Huggins's researches
by the new method seemed likely to throw
an important light.
1 had constructed a chart in which the pro-
per motions of about 1 200 stars were pictured.
To each star a minute arrow was affixed, the
length of the arrow indicating the rate at
which the star is moving on the celestial vault,
while the direction in which the arrow point-
ed shows the direction of the star's apparent
motion. This being done, it was possible to
study the proper motions much more agree-
ably and satisfactorily than when they were
simply presented in catalogue. And certain
features, hitherto unrecognized, at once be-
came apparent. Amongst these was the pecu-
liarity which I have denominated "star-drift;"
the fact, namely, that certain groups of stars
are travelling in a common direction. This
was indicated, in certain cases, in too signifi-
cant a manner to be regarded as due merely
to chance distribution in these stellarmotions;
and I was able to select certain instances in
which I asserted that the drift was unmis-
takable and real.
Amongst these instances was the one before
alluded to of a very remarkable kind in the
" seven stars" of Ursa Major. Now when the
jiroper motions of these seven stars had been
mapped, I found that whereas Alpha and Eta
are moving much as they would if the Sun's
motion were alone in question, the other five
are all moving at one and the same rate, in
almost the exactly opposite direction. More-
over, a small star close by Zeta, is moving in
the same direction and at the same rate as
the rest of this set. And besides this star
Zeta has a telescopic companion which ac-
companies him in his motion on the celestial
sphere.
It remained, however, that the crucial test
of motion-measurement should be applied.
In the middle of May last (1872), I received
a letter from Dr. Huggins announcing that
the five are all receding from the earth. He
found that Alpha is approaching. As to Eta
he was uncertain as to the direction of motion,
and mentioned that " the star was to be ob-
served again." He subsequently found that
this star is receding. But whereas all the
five are receding at the enormous rate of 20
miles per second, Eta's recession was so much
smaller that, as vve have seen, Dr. Huggins
was unable to satisfy himself at a single obser-
vation that the star was receding at all.
We have at length, then, evidence, which
admits of no question — so obviously conclu-
sive is it — to show not only that star-drift is
a reality but that subordinate systems exist
within the sidereal system. We moreover
recognize an unquestionable instance of a
characteristic peculiarity of structure in a
e(U'tain part of the heavens. For, though star-
drift exists elsewhere, yet every instance of
star-drift is quite distinct in character — the
drift in Cancer unlike that in Ursa, and both
these drifts unlike the drifts in Taurus, and
C([ually unlike the drift in Aries or Leo.
Much more, indeed, is contained in the fact
now placed beyond question, than appears on
the surface. Rightly understood, it exhibits
the sidereal system itself as a scheme utterly
uuli'iie what has hitherto been imagined. The
vastness of extent, the variety of structure,
the complexity of detail, and the amazing
vitality, on which I have long insisted, are all
implied in that single and, as it were, local
feature which I had set as a crucial test of my
theories.
For "The Friend."
Fidelity Hull.
The foUowincr interestincr account of one
who was called in earl^' life from the trials
and temptations of time to a better inherit-
ance, is given in the third volume of Piety
Promoted.
"She was the daughter of Thomas and Eliza-
beth Stark, and in her earlj' years she was in
some degree inclined to indulge herself in a
deviation from the simplicit}" of her religious
profession ; j'et not by any means in such a
degree as is usually termed gay or extrava-
gant. This deviation her more enlightened
Judgment afterwards disapproved. About the
twentieth year of her age she was married to
Samuel Hull, of Uxbridge, Eng., and became
the mother of two children, from whom, how-
ever, she was soon separated, a period of de-
clining health ending in death, about the
twenty-third year of her age.
Early in her illness her heart became more
and more disposed to seek for the knowledge
of the Lord; and when her disease gained
ground, she entertained much doubt of re-
covery ; yet said that she should not much
mind the leaving of this world, if she had an
assurance of hap}5ines8 hereafter.
She now saw the vanity of indulging in
dress ; also the pernicious tendency, to young
people, of reading novels and similar produc-
tions. Pernicious indeed is this practice.
Simply considered it is a waste of time. It
likewise indisposes the mind for the serious
concerns of real life ; and for its truest, greatest
concern, the preparation for a better, through
the grace and redemption of Jesus Christ our
Lord. Her anxiety on this account was mani-
fested by a letter which she wrote to a rela-
tion ; in which she entreated her, that if she
had any such books, they might be destroyed
for the sake of her children. Similar advice
she also left in writing, for such as might
have committed to them the care of her own
sou and daughter.
A few months before her decease, a Friend
called to visit her ; and believed it right to
address her with a few words of encourage-
ment. She was at that time preserved in a
good degree of resignation, though she had
not yet that full assurance of happiness which
she had longed for. Nevertheless, at the time,
his words were particularly consoling; and in
a subsequent opportunity, he was made instru-
mental of more complete relief to her much
tried mind. She broke out as it were in rap-
ture, ' Why does the Lord deal thus bounti-
fully with me, a poor sinful creature, unde-
serving the least of his mercies ? What is this
I feel? Thou hast healed me of all my mala-
dies, both inwardly and outwardly. O my
Lord, and my God, how sweet is thy presence!
What shall I render unto thee? Oh ! this is
what I wanted. Now I am happy. I thank
thee, O Lord ; for thou indeed art good.'
She then paused ; but soon she turned her
eyes affectionately on her mother, saying,
' Thou hast no need to sorrow for me, for it
will be well with me.' Nor was this merely
a sudden perception of unexpected relief, and
a transient effusion of joy. The next day she '
told some visitors of her fiivored state, and
expressed herself in a very tender manner.
' The Lord,' said she, ' is good. Yesterday was
a memorable day to me. I think I shall never
forget it. My bonds are unloosed. There is
balm in Gilead. I feel more sweetness than
I can express in words.' She also expressed
her hope that her visiting friends could feel
something of the same ; and she entreated her
husband to give her up freely.
But although her consolation was thus
great, and at one time, as we have seen, so
transcendent as to supersede her sense of
bodily infirmity and pain ; her disease ad-
vanced, and her consequent suffering was often
felt and acknowledged, though not repined
at. She once said, ' My tribulation is great.
Oh, how careful we had need be, to make the
Lord our friend ; for if I did not feel him near
I could not support myself under this great
aflliction.' Nevertheless, she had a word of
encouragement to most of those who visited
her, and she often exclaimed that God is love;
and that those who dwell in him, dwell in
love.
She had once an opportunity of conference
with two Friends. They were encouraging
her not to withhold any thing she might have
to communicate to them. Making a pause,
she replied to this effect: 'I cannot speak
unless power is given to me. I have felt at
this season much stripped, and expect to be
tried with the buffetings of Satan. What can
I say to the Lord's servants ; but that they
should hold on their way, and they will ex-
perience peace and joy for evermore.'
Various admonitory and encouraging re-
marks were written or uttered by her in the
course of her illness. She told some of her
relations, by letter, that if thej' could feel the
peace which she felt, they would leave all the
transitory enjoyments of this world to en-
deavor after it. She often earnestly desired
those about her to keep near to the Almighty,
and said that he would do great things for
them. Once she said, ' It is clearly presented
to my view that the gates of heaven are open
to receive me.' She frequently remarked,
that the peace and comfort of her mind over-
balanced her very great bodily afflictions and
infirmities.
Once when some of her relations returned
from meeting, she addressed them thus: 'I
hope you have had a comfortable opportunity
together ;' and she remarked that though for
some time she had been prevented from going
to meeting, yet she was often comforted by
the divine presence. * * *
About three days before she departed, her
husband's father and other relatives being
present, after a solemn pause, she was raised
in a wonderful manner in praises and prayer
to the Almighty ; and gave such good admo-
nitions to those around her, as were the means
of greatly humbling and contriting their
minds. She departed in great peace the 15th
of the Third month, 1792."
Tlie Earthworm.
About twenty years since, an eminent na-
turalist, while visiting a friend in the countrj',
was surprised to hear from his host, that on
some pasture-land which he possessed, an un-
accountable change had taken place in the
character of the soil, which in various fields
had, without apparent cause, materially in-
creased in depth during the previous years,
and that cinders and other aubstancea, which
THE FRIEND.
411
had origintilly been thrown uj)on the surface,
had apparently sunk to a eonfiderablc depth
in the goil. Curiosity induced him to tr}- a
few experiments in order to ascertain the
cause of this strange phenomenon, and with
this view he dug several holes in different
tields; in these he found similar indications of
a gi'ailually increasing thickness in thesur-j
face-soil, and beneath, an accumulation of|
pebbles, cinders and lime, which had origin-
ally been deposited on the surface. In one
fieid, for instance, the cinders which had been
thrown on the surface three years previously,
were buried to the depth of an inch ; in an-
other they were buried three inches deep, and
formed a layer an inch in thickness. But let
us give the narrative in his own words: —
" The appearance in all the above cases was
as if (in the language of farmers who are ac-
quainted with these facts) the fragments had
'worked themselves down.' It is, however,
scarcely possible that cinders or pebbles, and
still less powdered quicklime, could sink
through compact earth and a layer of matted
roots of vegetables, to a depth of some inches.
The explanation of these facts which occurred
to Mr. Wedgewood" (his host), "though it
may appear trivial at first, I have no doubt
is the correct one, namely that the whole
operation is due to the digestive process in the
common earthworm. On carefully examin-
ing between the blades of grass in the tields
above described, I found scarcely a space of
two inches square without a little heap of
cylindrical castings of worms. It is well
known that worms in their excavations swal-
low earthy matter, and that, having separated
the portion which serves for their nutriment,
they eject at the mouth of their burrows the
remainder in little intestine-shaped heaps.
These partly retain their form until the rain
and thaws of winter spread the matter uni-
forml}' over the surface. The worm is unable
to swallow coarse particles, and as it would
naturally avoid pure or caustic lime, the finer
earth, lying beneath the cinders, burnt marl
or lime, would be removed by a slow process
to the surface. This supposition is not ima-
ginary, for in the field in which the cinders
had been spread out only half a year before,
I actually saw the castings of the worms
heaped on the smaller fragments. Nor, I re
peat, is the agency so trivial as at first it
might be thought, the great number of earth-
worm", as every one must be aware who has
ever dug in a grass-field, making up for the
insignificant quantity of the work which each
performs.
" On the idea of the superficial mould hav-
ing been thus prepared, the advantage of old
pasture-land, which, it is well known, farmers
in England arc particularly averse to break
up, is explained, for the length of time re-
quired to form a thick stratum must be con-
siderable. In the peaty field, in the course of
fifteen years, about 3i inches had been well
prepared ; but it is probable that the process
is continued, though at a very slow rate, to a
much greater depth. Every time a worm is
driven, by dry weather or any other cause, to
descend deep, it must bring to the surface,
when it empties the contents of its body, a
few particles of fresh earth. Thus the ma-
nures added by man, as well as the constituent
parts of the soil, become thoroughly mingled,
and a nearly homogeneous character is given
to the soil. Although the conclusion may
appear at first startling, it will he difficult to
young man lived, and in the evening stopped
at his mother's, who was then a widow, to
stay over night. Though an entire stranger
to the family, ho seemed soon to bo brought
under exeicise, and before they retired Ibrtiic
night he spoke at considerable length to some
one in the little company ]iresent, in a jiar-
ticular manner, and (juoted the sa3'ing of our
Saviour, who, in answer to the query, wiicn
the kingdom of (Jod should come, re])liod ;
"The kingilom of God comoth not with ob-
servation, neither shall they say, Lo ! hero,
or, lo! there, for behold the kingdom of God
is within you." He said that there were
many saj'ing, as it were, in this day, lo ! hero
is Christ, and lo ! he is there ; but go not after
them, nor follow them, for the seed of the
kingdom will bo found within, and not by
outward observation. lieligion did not con-
sist in outward performances, but in knowing
the heart-changing power of the Holy Spirit.
There was in this day too much of a looUing
outward for that which only would be found
within. He added much more on this subject,
which is not now remembered, and, in tiio
morning, when he was about starting away,
he again spoke, for the most part on the same
subject, which made a lasting impression on
that young man's mind, which ho remembers
Jislinctly to this daj*. It was the beginning
of a change in his life, which still continues,
for he is now, and long has been, endeavoring
to walk in that strait and narrow way that
eadeth unto life eternal, though he has noth-
ing to boast of
Wm. Evans in his Journal says but little in
regard to the circumstance, merely stating
that he staid that night with a widow, and
had some service in the morning, before ho
left, and said he realized the truth of the say-
inn-: he that watereth others shall be watered
himself. He, no doubt, was divinely com-
missioned to speak to that j'oung man, and
was sent to that house for that purpose.
J. H.
Ohio, 7tli mcmth .'10th, 1874.
Ulecaniqtie Celeste.
Those who took the trouble to read in a re-
cent number ofthe Adcocntc. an article entitled
"Mary Somerville and Mecanique ('elostc,"
may wish to know something about the great
work of M. La Place, bearing the above title.
It is hardly to be presumed that the state-
ment of Lord Bi-ougham relative to the igno-
rance concerning this book and its contents
holds true at the present time ; yet it is a fact
that very few even among scholars know any
thing about it except the name, and only a
very small fraction of this number are ac-
quainted with the merit and extent of tho
work. Mecaniquo Celeste may be regarded
as a comprehensive commentary on tho law
of gravitation, reducing all tho known phe-
around him, into many things inconsistentlnomenaof the motions of the heavenly bodies
with the conduct of a true christian. Though 'to this wonderful law of nature, the grandest
he had a birth-right membership in the So- [generalization of the human mind. The work
cioty of Friends, yet, living some miles from is divided into two parts. In the first are
~ ■ " ' ' ■ . . . /• 1 'or determin-
denj' the ])robability, that every particle of
earth, forming the bed from which the turf in
old ])asturc-land springs, has passed through
tho intestines of worms, and hence the term
'animal mould' would in some respects be
more appropriate than that of ' vegetable
mould.' " Ho conclude* bj- remarking, '' that
the agriculturist, in idoughing tho ground,
follows a method strictly natural ; ho only
imitates in a rude manner, without being able
either to bur}' tho pebbles, or to sift the fine
from the coarse earth, the work which Nature
is dailj' performing by tho agency of tho
arthworm."
With regard to tho latter portion of these
remarks, exemplifying, as they do, in a forci-
ble manner tho pi'incipic to which we have
more than onco alluded in the course of this
short history, namely that Nature has not
bestowed all these pains on the formation of
the worm without some useful end, we would
now also add a few words in concluding this
section of our treatise.
Those who know what astonishing results
are produced bj' the labors of the minute and
(compared with the worm) still more humble
Madrepore polyp, commonly known as tho
Coral insect; bow in tho coarse of ages it
builds up continents in the midst of tho ocean ;
will not for an instant bo inclined to doubt
that the worm aids in the deposition of the
surface-soil, simply on the score of its appa-
rent insignificance; and although the traces
of the Annolide in tho geological formations
of past ages are but slight, yet it is believed
by reflecting observers that the little creature
has (as in the case of the polyp just referred
to) pursued its labors from a very early period
in the earth's history.
But be that as it may ; suppose its opera-
tions have only been confined to the deposi-
tion of a portion of the existing mould, a cir-
cumstance which we believe to be placed be-
yond doubt; still our assertion holds good,
that its historj- afl'ords a striking exemplifica-
tion of the divine truth, that no creature has
been formed without its special ends, and that
tho humblest are frequently selected to carry
out the most gigantic natural operations. —
The Earthworm and JSouseJiy.
For " The FriencJ."
The following narrative has been prepared
for the readers of "The Friend," in hopes it
may be of use to some in this day who are
looking outward for that which alone will be
found within.
In the eastern part of the State of Ohio
there lived a young man in the year 1842,
who at that timo had not quite reached the
twenty-first year of his ago, and during this
critical period of his life, ho was much ex-
posed to the corrupting influence of the world,
and was led away by the example of those
any meeting of Friends, he at that timo sol
dom attended their meetings ; but still he did
not feel satisfied without some kind of religion,
and sometimes attended tho meetings of other
religious professors, and was quite taken with
their preaching and performances, and at
given the methods and formuhr
ing tho motions of the centers of gravity of the
heavenly bodies, their figures, the oscillations
of the fluids which are spread over them, and
tho motions about their centers of gravity.
In the second part, these formula' are up-
times felt almost ready to join in with them'plied to the planets, the satellites, and the
About this timeour beloved FriendWm. Evans, 'comets.
visited the meetings of Ohio Yearly Meeting,! The celebrated problem of these bodies is
and was at the meeting nearest to where this investigated in all its detail. Each planet
412
THE FRIEND.
and satellite is tracked through the heavenly
spaces, notwithstanding it is influenced by all
the rest, directly aa the mass, and inversely
as the square, of tht'ir distance from it. The
solution of this problem enables the astrono-
mer to give the position of a heavenly body
at any time past, or predict its place during
the ages to come. The perturbations of the
heavenly bodies, giving rise to changes in the
position of their orbits in space, also the form
of the orbits, are calculated. These elements
which in ordinary descriptive astronomy, are
regarded as fixed and constant, are subject to
slow changes, running through vast ages.
To investigate the laws, periods and limita-
tions of these changes taxed the highest pow-
ers of the human mind.
The solution of this difficult problem by
La Grange and La Place furnishes one of the
most interesting chapters in Celestial Mechan-
ics. By it we learn that the stability of the
solar system is secured for all time. Newton
predicted the ultimate wreck of our system
in consequence of these changes running on
indefinitely in one direction.
The secular inequalities of the motions of
Jupiter and Saturn, may serve to illustrate the
remarkable law of equilibrium prevailing
amongthecelestial bodies. Theorbitsof those
planets graduall}- approach to and recede from
each other, making a complete vibration bj-
returning to the same relative position in
space in about 50,000 j'ears. The variation
of the modes and inclinations are confined
within narrow limits.
The eccentricities of these planets are also
subject to secular changes, which, if continued
in one direction would eventually entirely
change their climate. The cj'cle is completed
in about 70,000 years. These changes are
likewise confined within certain narrow limits.
The elliptical orbit of the earth for thousands
of years has been approaching a circle, by
virtue of which the moon's mean motion has
been accelerated for a corresponding time.
After a while it will reach its limit and then
begin its return.
The rotary motion of the heavenly bodies
has caused them to assume a spheroidal form.
This figure, deviating slightly from the sphere,
has given rise lo many interesting phenomena,
such as the precession of the equinox, which
makes a complete revolution in about 25,000
years; also the libration and mutation of the
moon. Thus the figure of the heavenly bodies
gives rise to many interesting problems in
physical astronomy.
The theory of the moon, which investigates
the many inequalities in the motion of that
luminary in consequence of the powerful at
traction of the sun as the disturbing body, fills
one book. The comparison of the preceding
theories with observation is interesting as
showing the correctness of theory and the
truthfulnessofthelaw of gravitation, on which
it is founded.
The theory of the satellites of Jupiter, filling
another book, is interesting and important.
On account of the quickness of their revolu-
tions, all the great changes which time would
not develop, except with' great slowness, in
the planetary system, are passed through in
a few years, thus enabling the astronomer
to test the correctness of theory by observa-
tion. The theories of cometarj- motion and
Saturn's rings are developed in all their full-
ness.
Such are some of the most important sub-
jects discussed in the "Mecanique Celeste.
In the original there are ten books and half
as many volumes. In this country we have
a translation, with very extended comments
and expositions, by Nathaniel Bowditch, one
of the most eminent mathematicians our coun-
try has produced. This translation makes
four large quarto volumes of about 90 .» pages
each. In order to read this translation, so
fullj' elucidated, the graduate from our colleges
will find it necessaiy to go farther in trigo-
nometery and calculus than his professors
have taken him. He will then need all his
resources in mathematical science, and a mea-
sure of mathematical genius besides.
Let it be remembered, therefore, that Mrs.
Somerville, without the aids afforded the stu-
dent of the present day, by the force of her
incomparable genius, not only read but wrote
an account of this ponderous and abstruse
work. Without aid from other mathematical
minds she leaped the immense chasms left by
La Place in his equations and formula?, and
which Bowditch has bridged for the bene-
fit of other students of physical astronomy.
No wonder the simple fact that she had ac-
complished such a task made her famous in the
eyes of those who were at all qualified to ap-
preciate the magnitude and difficulty of her
achievement. — Christian Advocate.
Selected for '
A Plain Exterior.
The Friend.'
" To accuse any Monthly Meeting of fre-
quentlj- prefering individuals for service in
the church, simply or chiefly for their exterior
plain appearance, is very unjustifiable. We
imagine no one can possibly suppose that a
plain exterior is in itself, sufficient qualifica-
tion [for service in the church]; but other
things being equal, there can be no question
of its being a recommendation — if it does not
qualif^V, neither of itself, does it disqualify.
Whereas a fashionable exterior, with or with-
out the requisite essentials, must be, in itself,
a forbidden element in the character." —
British Friend, vol. .r.viv. jJ. 119.
ginia, for 1S70, was, in round numbers, 8,000,-
000 bushels. This, at 81.50 per bushel, which
3 than was received, makes exactly,
,000. In brief, Virginia drank up its
Taxation tliat Rills.
In a recent number of Scribnefs Magazine,
Dr. S. G. Holland makes the following com-
ments upon the statistics contained in the
report for 1S73, of Euffner, Superintendent of
Public Instruction in Virginia : showing the
destructive eff'ects upon its prosperity, in every
sense, of the consumption of ardent spirits,
within its limits. He says: "There are 2850
retail liquor shops in the State. If these shops
sell the average amount of liquor sold by the
liquor shops of the United States, and there
is no reason to suppose they do not, the an-
nual amount consumed is 310,622,888. There
are additions to be made to this from whole-
sale dealers and patent medicines which are
bought and consumed for their alcohol, that
raise the aggregate to $12,000,000. There is
no doubt that the sum total exceeds these
terrific figures, which leave out entirely the
alcohol used for mechanical and manufactur-
ing purposes. This sum exceeds the total
value of all the farm productions, increase in
live stock, and value of improvements, of the
year 1870, according to the U. S. Census, in
the seven best counties of the State, and by
just about the same amount, the value of the
productions of forty-five smaller counties dur-
ing the same year. The wheat crop of Vir-
is more
812,000
entire wheat crop to the last gill!
Euffner presents other illustrative estimates,
but nothing can add to the force of those
which we have cited. He then goes on to
show that the total taxation for State pur-
poses, including legislation, salaries, courts,
institutions for dumb, blind, and-insane, pub-
lic schools and interest on the public debt
only reaches the sum of $3,500,000, while to
add to this sum all the local taxation, would
not equal the burden which the people volun-
tarily lay upon themselves. But this is not
all. The injury done to public order, and to
private health and enterprise, is to be taken
into account. Ruffner believes that the time
wasted, the injury done to business, and the
cost of crime, pauperism, insanity and litiga-
tion resulting from intemperance, would be
more costly than the liquor itself Then the
Superintendent, with figures furnished by the
distinguished actuary, Neison, in the interests
of life insurance, shows how much valuable
life is thrown away in the State. Between
fifteen and twenty years of age the number of
deaths of temperate and intemperate persons,
is as 1(1 to 18; between twenty-one and
thirty, 10 to 51; between thirty and forty, 10
to 40. At twenty years of age a temperate
person's chance for life is -14.2 j-ears — intemper-
ate, 15.(3; at thirty, the temperateman's chance
IS for 36.5 years, intemperate, 13.8; at forty
years, the proportionate chances are 18.8 to
11.6 years. Thus money, health, morality,
industry, good order, and life itself, in enor-
mous sum,s, go into this bottomless caldron.
Is their any return of good for all this ex-
penditure? None. The loss is entire, and
irredeemable. If the whole had gone over
Niagara Falls, something would be picked up,
on the shore below, but nothing is left from
this waste. A bushel of grain transformed
into alcohol, and swallowed as a beverage, is
a bushel of grain annihilated. If all that is
spent for liquor were put into a huge furnace,
and burned, we should have the. ashes; but
as it is, we have no ashes except such as, with
shame and tears, we are obliged to bury.
We have not displayed the'se figures for the
special purpose of reading a lesson to Virginia,
for that State is no worse than the rest of the
States of the Union ; but one of her faithful
officers has brought out t4ie statistics, and the
country ought to feel very much obliged to
him for them. They give us the facts that
account for all our public distress. We con-
sume as a nation, $600,000,000 a year in spir-
ituous liquors, a sum which only needs a very
few multiplications to pay the whole public
debt of the country. Liquor is at the bottom
of all our poverty. If the tax for it were
lifted, there would not need to be a man, wo-
man or child without bread. If it could be
lifted from the Southern States alone, it would
not take five years to make them not only
prosperous but rich."
• •
The business in which we cannot ask the
protection and assistance of God, cannot be
an innocent pursuit; the amusement for which
we dare not thank Him, cannot be an innocent
pleasure.
• •
Stand in awe and sin not: commune with
your own heart upon your bed and be still.
THE FRIEND.
413
For "The Friend."
Indian Afrairs.
(Coutinued from page 403.)
The present unsettled condition of some of
the tribes of Indians in the Territories, has
attracted public attention to this subject, and
the fragmentary incidents related in the news-
papers from week to week, whilst exciting
gcuorul interest, have also tended in some
measure to produce confused ideas of the
whole truth respecting these people, and es-
pcciallj' of what is known as the " peace pol-
icy," inaugurated by President Grant in 1869,
and partiallj" entrusted to the Society of
Friends to put in practice in governing the
Aborigines. With the hope of spreadingsome
information before the readers of "The Friend,"
on the subject, it is proposed to give an out-
line of the origin and progress of the " mission
work" and government agency now being car-
ried on by the Society of Friends in this con-
nection. In doing this, a brief sketch of the
histor}- of the Indian tribes west of the Mis-
sissippi since 1851, seems necessary for a clear
understanding of the subject. The following
extracts from the Annual American Cj'clopic-
dia for 1867, will furnish this information.
" Up to the year IS.Jl, the vast uninhabited
plains eastward of the Rocky Mountains were
admitted to be liuhan territories, and numer-
ous tribes roamed at will from Texas and
Mexico to the northern boundary of the terri-
tory of the United States. At that time the
discovery of gold in California drew a tide of
immigration across this wide reservation ; and
it was found necessary to make a treaty with
several tribes, according to the provisions of
which a broad highway was opened to Cal-
ifornia, and the tribes restricted within cer-
tain limits, but with the privilege of ranging
over the belt reserved as a route of travel, in
their hunting-excursions. The Government,
moreover, agreed to pay the Indians S50,(IOII
a year, for fifteen years, in consideration of the
privilege granted to immigrants to cross the
plains without molestation.
'' The boundaries assigned by this treaty to
the Cheyennes and Arrapahoes included the
larger part of the present Territory of Colo-
rado, while the Crows and Sioux were to oc-
cupy the tract of land now traversed by the
Powder River route to Montana. Some years
after the treaty above mentioned was made,
gold and silver were discovered in Colorado
upon the Indian reservations, and settlers pour-
ed in regardless of the rights of these tribes;
and when the lands were in great part taken
up by the intruders, another treaty was made
tosecure them in their possessions. Thistook
place on the 18th of February, 1861. By this
new treaty these Indians gave up a large ex-
tent of territorj^, and agreed to confine them-
selves to a small district, situated upon both
sides of the Arkansas River, and along the
northern boundary of New Mexico; and the
United States was to protect them in these
possessions, and pay an annuity of $30,000 to
each tribe for fifteen years, and to furnish
them with stock and agricultural implements.
From this time to April, 186-1, no difficulties
occurred between these tribes and the white
inhabitants of Colorado.
"Daring the summer of 186-1 complaints
were made of Indian depredations and rob-
beries upon the property of settlers. Colonel
Chivington, who had command of the troops
stationed at Denver, permitted a subordinate
officer to set out with a detachment of men to
punish the Indians for this offence. The
Cheyenne village of Cedar Bluffs was attack-
ed, and 26 Indians killed, 30 wounded, and
their property distributed as plunder among
the soldiers. After this petty hostilities were
kept. up during the summer and fall, but the
Indians professed a desire for peace, and a]>-
plied to the commander of Fort Lj'on, Major
Wynkoop, to negotiate a treaty to secure it.
The Indians were commanded by that officer
to collect their people about the fort, and were
assured of safety. They gathered about 50(1
men, women and children to this place, and
while there, under promise of protection, these
defenceless people were attacked by Colonel
Chivington and slaughtered without mercy.
This atrocious affair, known as the Sand
fjreek massacre, was perpetrated on the 29th
of November, 1864. A war with these tribes
immediately ensued, which drew 8,0(t0 men
from the forces then engaged in suppressing
the insurrection in the South, and absorbed
$30,000,000 of the treasure of the country.
No more than fifteen or twenty Indians were
killed during the entire campaign of 1865,
and the attempt to obtain peace by means of
war proved utterly futile. Commissioners
were accordingly appointed in the autumn of
that year (1865), to procure a council with
the hostile tribes, and, if possible, settle upon
the terms of a treaty. The Commissioners
met the chiefs of the Cheyennes and Ar-
rapahoes, and other tribes of that region, at
the mouth of the Little Arkansas, in October,
1865, and induced them to give up their reser-
vation upon the Arkansas, and accept another
in the Slate of Kansas, with the privilege of
ranging over the uninhabited plains which
had formerly been their own. When this
treaty came before the Senate for ratification,
it was so amended as to exclude these tribes
entirely from the State of Kansas, and thej-
were left with nothing but their hunting privi-
leges on the uusettledlandsof theplains. Not
withstanding this material defect in the rati-
fied treaty, the peace was strictly preserved
by these southern tribes through the year
1866.
"During the fifteen years for which annui-
ties had been promised by the treaty of 1851,
the Sioux and Crows to the north of the great
line of overland travel remained unmolested
bj' the whites. The Crows had been driven
into Montana by the Sioux, and the latter
tribe now occupied the wide range of territo-
ry originally assigned to both. Territories to
the south had become populous with immi-
grants, and civilization was crowding toward
them from the East, when wild rumors of
rich mines in Montana, beyond them to the
northwest, attracted the fatal sti'eam of im-
migration across their lands. Theirrich hunt-
ing-grounds were now narrowed down to the
valley from the north of which flowed the
Powder River. Their annuity from the Gov-
ernment of the United States had ceased, and
it was more than ever important that the
remnantof their hunting-rangesshould remain
undisturbed, for they would bo dependent on
them altogether for subsistence.
'■At this juncture of their affairs, orders
were issued by the commanding officersof the
Militar}- Departments of the Missouri and of
Platte, to establish several militarypostsalong
the new route of travel to the Territory of
Phil. Kearnej^ was established on the 15th of
July, and C. F. Smith on the 2d of August.
The Indians notified the troops fi-om the first,
that the occupation of this territory would be
resisted. Their warning was disregarded,
and a sharp warfare raged all along this route
through the late summer and the autumn of
this J'ear, culminating in the slaughter of a
detachment of solilicrs at Fort Phil. Kearney
on the 21st of December. A wagon train had
been sent a short distance from the fort, at-
tended by an escort, to jirocure lumber, when
they were set upon by a parly of Indians.
BrcvetLieutenantColoncl W. J. Fctlei-man
was then ordered out with fort^'-nitie men to
the rescue of the wagon train, and the whole
company, including its commander, were kill-
ed.
"Associated with these hostile tribes engag-
ed in the Sioux war in the north, was a tribe
of Cheyennes related to the Cheyennes ol'tho
south ; and no sooner did the news of the open
hostilities on the Powder River ti'ail reach
the kindred tribes of Nebraska and Colora-
do, than the greatest apprehension prevailc<l
that war would be kindled also on the lino
of the Pacific Railroad. When this excite-
ment first began. General St. George Cook,
in command at Omaha, forbade the sale of
arms and ammunition to the Indians within
the limits under his command. This onl}- in-
creased the irritation of the Cheyennes and
Arrapahoes, for they depended u])on their
regular supplies of ammunition for the uses of
the chase.
" Such was the state of things at the open-
ing of the 3'ear 1867. The Sioux and Chc3'en-
nes of the north had exasperated and alarmed
the troops on the Powder River route, and
offers which had been made to treat with
them, they would not listen to, until the
forces should be withilrawn. In the south the
Cheyennes and Arrapahoes, and the kindred
tribes of the Kiowas, Cainanches, and Apa-
ches, had not yet forgotten the cruel massa-
cre of Sand Creek. They had been foi-ced
from the rich lands of ("olorado, the\- had been
left with only the poor privilege of ranging the
plains for buffalo and other game ; and tiriall}'
this privilege was rendered worthless by the
order forbidding the sale of arms and ammu-
nition, which was made early in Januaiy at
the Arkansas posts also. There was a feeling
of mutual distrust, and threats were muttered
by the leading chiefs of the Indian tribes of a
general warfare at the opening of s]>ring.
"The United States forces were under the
command of Lieutenant-Cieneral William T.
Sherman, of the Military Division of the Mis-
souri. This division was divided into three
departments, that of Dakota to the north,
commanded by General A. II. Terry ; that of
the Platte, in the middle, commanded by
General C. C. Augur; and that of the Missou-
ri, to the south, commanded by General W. S.
Hancock.
" The Indians engaged in the war were the
northern Cheyennes and Arrapahoes, about
800 warriors ; and various bands of the great
Sioux tribe, numbering 1,200 or 1,300; these
were engaged in the north, and were respon-
sible for the Fort Phil. Kearney slaughter.
On the plains to the south were about 500
warriors of the southern Cheyennes and Arra-
pahoes. The Kiowas, Camanches and Apa-
Montana. On the 15lh of June. 1866, theiches, have substantially observed the stipu-
necessary orders were given to garrison Forts jlations of the treaty of 1865.
Reno, Phil Kearnej-, and C. F. Smith. Fort' "Military operations ~ -'
against these tribes
414
THE FRIEND.
were entirely iiieffecttiul in suppressing hos-
tilities ; and according to the testimony of
General Sherman, 50 Indians could 'check-
mate' 3,000 soldiers. The same officer recom-
mended peaceful negotiations as the only
means of putting an end to the ravages on the
plain<<.
"An act of Congress was passed on the 29th
of March, in which there was a provision for
repealing 'all laws allowing the President,
the Secretary of the Interior, or the Commis-
sioner of Indian AflFuirs to enter into treatie
with any Indian tribe;' but this part of the
act was repealed in June following, and on the
20th of July an act was passed 'to establish
peace with certain hostile Indian tribes,' which
jirovidedfor the appointment of commisioners,
with a view to the following objects:
" 1. To remove if possible, the causes of
war.
"2. To secure, as far as practicable, our
frontier settlements, and the safe buildino- of
tlie railroads looking to the Pacific.
" 3. To suggest or inaugurate some plan
for the civizilation of those Indians.
" The northern tribes of Indians to the east
of the Eocky Mountains number upwards of
60,000, and include the powerful bands of the
Sioux, Crows, northern Cheyennes and Ar-
rapahoes, besides numerous less important na-
tions. The southern tribes include the large
nations of the Cherokees, Creeks, and the
Choctaws, as well as the Kiowas, Camanches,
and southern Cheyennes and Arrapahoes, and
various lesser bands, forming a sum total of
more than 85,000. Each of these two grand
divisions is collected on a reservation of their
own; the northern district bounded on the
north by the46th parallel, east by the Missouri
I'iver, south by Nebraska and west by the
104th meridian ; the southern district bounded
north by the State of Kansas, east by Arkansas
and Missouri, south by Texas, and west by the
lUOth or 101st meridian."
CTo be coDtinaed.)
water into other vats, and the treatment of
the stuff through various stages until it emerges
from the " presses" veritable indigo, worth
ever so many rupees a pound. " Mahaye"
occurs in the very hottest part of the Indian
year; but the indigo planter must disregard
the heat if ho is to keep up his characterand
earn commission. He spends hours every
day in a little shed perched high over his vats,
whence ho can superintend the labors of the
coolies, and see for himself that the mashing
is thorough and the running off takes place in
the nick of time. He must generally pervade
the press-house, and it will not, do for him to
be dainty over a stain of blue on his hands or
face. He must superintend the storing, for
the mild Hindoo is not proverbial for honesty,
and feels sorely tempted when the chance
offers to carry off a piece of indigo which will
hardly make a knot in his cummerbund, and
yet for which he can realize a rupee. When
" Mahaye" is over the cold weather is think-
ing of setting in, and then, after giving a start
to his cultivation, the indigo planter fools
himself a free man for a season. His holiday
time has come. — Late Paper.
THE FRIEND.
EIGHTH MONTH 15. 1874.
For "The Friend."
Listen, youthful reader, to the voice that is
mightier than the noise of many waters. Art
thou faithful in little things ? or art thou seek-
ing to do something great, and to accomplish
much in thy own way? Art thou willing to
take up thy cro.ss daily in the paths of self
denial, and follow a crucified Saviour whither-
soever Ho may lead ; for He has east up a
holy way for all his humble, faithful disciples
to walk in. Art thou obedient like Moses,
who when the command was given, "put off
thy shoos from off thy feet, for the place
whereon thou standest is holy ground," obeyed
the word of the Lord. There may bo a cover-
ing of the mind, not acceptable in the Divine
sight, and tho command to thee may be to put
it otffrom theo. My j'outhful reader! remem-
ber, " obedience is better than sacrifice, and to
hearken to the voice of tho Lord, than the fat
of rams." q u.
♦-•
_ The Life of an fndigo Planter. — For some
six months in tho year tho indigo planter in In-
dia is in the saddle from six o'clock in the morn-
ing until nooD, superintending the ploughing,
the sowing, the weeding and the reaping!
About tho end of June, says tho London News,
''Mahaye" begins, and lasts until tho begin-'
ning of September. " Mahaye" is the manu-
facture of the indigo, the mashing and beat-
ing of it in great vats, the running off of the
Selected.
Wo know of nothing more apt to lead a
young man into an evil course than a prize at
a Church fair. When in place of a dollar he
gains an article worth twenty, and is con-
gratulated on every hand on his good fortune,
ho is led to suppose himself born under a
" lucky star," and to think the securing of a
fortune by a lottery ticket a far better way
than tho painful plodding of earnest industry.
And when the Church has told him it was
right in her service to ignore his conscience
concerning raffling, can it blame him if ho does
it for his own, and when, perhaps, ho promises
himself that in ease of success the Church
shall largely share the benefit?
Salt in iSickness. — Dr. Scudder remarks : " I
am satisfied that I have seen patients die from
deprivation of common saltduringa protract-
ed illness. It is a common impression that
tho food for the sick should not be seasoned,
and, whatever slop maj' bo given, it is almost
innocent of this essential of life. In tho milk
diet that I recommend in sickness, common
salt is used freely, the milk being boiled and
given hot. And if the patient cannot take tho
usual quantity in his food, I have it given in
his drink. This matter is so important that
it cannot be repeated too often, or dwelt upon
too long. The most marked example of this
want of common salt I have ever noticed has
been in surgical disease, especially in open
wounds. Without a supply of salt thetonifue
would become broad, pallid, puffy, with a ten
a'ious, pasty coat, tho sccretion.s arrested, the
circulation feeble, the ett'usionat the point of
injury serous, with an unpleasant watery
pus, which at last becomes a mere sanies or
ichor. A few days of a free allowance of salt
would change ail this, and the patient got
alonjr well."
Paper fJour barrels are being made in Iowa.
They are said to bo air-tight and waterproof,
to weigh much loss than tho ordinary wooden
barrels, and to be able to stand more rough
usage. One of the manufacturers predicts
that in five years every barrel of western flour
will be sent east in barrels made from the
straw the wheat grew on. — Late Paper.
In the "Christian Worker" for 7th mc
15th, there is published an article by Luki
Woodard, entitled "Ecclesiastical Impeach
ment," in which exception is taken to some
remarks made in Philadelphia Yearly Meet
ing, as shown by tho account thereof con
tained in this journal under date 5th nio. 2d
The passage which is made the subject of com
ment is that, where it speaks of what arc
called " General Meetings" having been held,
"in which, however sincere the actors might
be, the proceedings wore entirely at variance
with the principles of Friend.s. In those meet-
ings, singing was practised, scores of per-sons
were stated to be on their knees at the same
time, and large numbers were induced to come
forward and place themselves on what were
called the an.xious benches."
The author of the article appears to under-
stand the expression, "the proceedings were
entirely at variance with the principles of
Friends," to mean, that everything connected
with those meetings was inconsistent with
our principles ; and he hence draws the con-
clusion that Philadelphia Yearly Mooting con-
demns " the intervals of silence, vocal prayer
by a single individual at a time, vocal ministry,
including doctrinal exhortation," &c., which
were found in thorn, "in addition" to the spe-
cific matters objected to. One might reason-
ably have supposed that the immediate con-
text, in which "singing," "anxious benches,"
and the practice of scores of persons falling
on their knees at the same time, are specified,
would have shown L. \V. that tho meaning of
the speaker was to condemn those practices
as entirely at variance with our principles;
and not to censure other matters connected
with the meetings, to which no allusion was
made or intended. Before drawing such an
inference, it would have been well to have
practised some of that "charity" to which ho
refers, of which it is said, "It thinkoth no
evil."
It is satisfactory to find that ho admits the
correctness of the description given of what
has taken place at these General Meetings.
In reference to the first thingmentioned, — tho
practice of singing in them — he attempts to
justify it, by quoting as follows from Eobert
Barclay : " We acknowledge this to be a part
of God's worship, very sweet and refreshing."
There is no comment made on this, and he
leaves the reader to infer that singing as now
practised was a customary part of the wor-
ship of our early Friends, which is entirely
"at variance" with the truth. The words
quoted arc tho commencement of a sentence,
and the qualifying clause which immediately
follows, and is essential to a proper under-
standing of what precedes it, is omitted. In
view of the importance of this subject at the
present time, we quote the greater part of
this section from The Apology :
" As to tho singing of psalms, thoro will not
bo need of any long discourse ; for that tho
case is just the same as in tho two former of
preaching and prayer. We confess this to be
a part of God's worship, and very sweet and
refreshing, when it proceeds from a true sense
of God's love in tho heart, and arises from the
divine influence of the Spirit, which leads
souls to breathe forth either a sweet harmony,
THE FRIEND.
415
)!■ words suitable to the present coiulition ;
whether tliey l)e words formerly used hy the
!!aints, and recorded in scripture, such as the
l^salms of David, or other words ; as wore the
'13-mns and songs of Zicharias, Simeon, and
he blessed Virgin Mary. But as for the
brmai, customary way of singing, it has no
I'oundation in sci-ipture, nor any ground in
true Christianity: yea, besides all the abuses
incident to prayer and preaching, it hath this
more peculiar, that oftentimes great and hoi'-
rid lies are said in the sight of God : for all
manner of wicked, profane people, take upon
them to personate the experience and condi-
tions of blessed David; which are not only
false, as to them, but also as to some of more
sobriety, who utter them f jrth ; . . . . such
singing doth more please the carnal ears of
men, than the pure ears of the Lord, who ab-
hors all lying and hypocrisy.
"That singing then that pleasoth him must
proceed from that which is I'ure in tlie heart
(even from the Word of Life therein) in and
bj' which, richlj- dwelling in us, spiritual songs
and hymns are returned to the Lord, accord-
ing to that of the apostle. Col. iii. 16.
" But as to their artificial mnsic, either b_y
organs, or other instruments, or voice, we have
neither example nor precept for it iu the New
Testament."
Robert Barclay would not have used such
anguage if artificial music by voice (which is
the ordinary way of singing) had been cus-
tomary or approved among his fellow profes-
sors. The writings of our early J'"'riends con-
tain numerous passages in which the practice
of formal singinff in meetings is condemned
as being inconsistent with the spiritual nature
of Divine worship as proclaimed by our Sa-
viour himself. Such a practice seems never
to have been introduced among them, and it
is not sanctioned by the very few examples
on record, where persons were led "from a
true sense of God's love in the heart," "to
breathe forth a sweet harmony." The follow-
ing are the principal instances of this which
now come to remembrance.
During the cruel persecution of Friends in
Scotland, when many of them wore imprison-
ed at Aberdeen, the poor suft'erers were favor-
ed with a remarkable visitation of Heavenly
love, which appears to have been accompanied
with a breathing forth of that "sweet har-
mony" to which R. Barclay refers. There is
nothing to show that any words were uttered.
Andrew Jaffray, one of the number, thus
speaks of it. " When thirty or forty of our
ancient Friends were shut up in prison, I
cannot but remember this particular instance,
that when we were all met in the low Tol-
booth, and not a word had bOen spoken among
us, either iu prayer or preaching, — we breath-
ing in our hearts for power to do the Lord's
will ; — his power at last broke in among us as
in a wonderful manner, to the meltins and
tendering our hearts. And though 1 was kept
very empty a long time, yet at last the glori-
ous power of God broke over the whole meet-
ing, and upon me also, and ravished ray heart,
— yea, did appear as a ray of Divine glory to
the ravishing of my soul, and all the living
ones iu the meeting. So that some of those
in the town council above us, confessed to
some of our number with tears, that the break-
ing in of that power, even among them, made
them say one to another, 'O! how astonish-
ing it is, that our ministers should say, the
Quakers have no psalms in their meetings •
for such an heaveni}' sound we never heard
in either old or new church.'"
George Fox, when a prisoner at Carlisle,
was cruelly treated by his gaoler. He says
in bis journal : " Once he came in a great rage
and beat me with his cudgel, and as he beat
me, he cried, come out of the window ; though
I was then far from it. While he struck me,
I was moved to sing in the Lord's power,
which made him rage the more. Then he
fetched a tiddle and set him to plaj', thinking
to vex me ; but while he played, 1 was moved
in the everlasting power of the Lord God to
sing; and myvoice drowned the noise of the
fiddle, struck and confounded them, and made
theni give over fiddling and go their way."
There is another passage in his writings,
in which he mentions that some Friends in
prison were moved to sing; no doubt to the
confusion of their persecutors, who saw these
innocent victims of cruel usage thus rejoicing
in tribulation from a sense of the Divine love
extended to them ; oven as Paul and Silas,
wlicn they had been beaten and thrust into
the inner prison, sang praises to the Lord.
We think, therefore, that neither the pre-
cepts nor the example of our predecessors in
religious profession, can justly be brought for-
ward to defend the introduction of singing
into our meetings for worship, as has been in
some cases attempted of latter times ; and
that the Friend who spoke of it in Philadel-
phia Yearly Meeting as one of the evidences
of departure from our principles, was justified
in so considering it.
With reference to scores of persons falling
on their knees at one time, L. Woodard con-
siders it as simplj- a return to primitive prac-
tice, and that such persons are merely show-
ing by the gesture of their bodies that thej'
concur in an act of prayer. In other words,
they merely kneel instead of standing up in
time of praj-er. The practice of the congre-
gation rising when a minister kneels in prayer,
has so long been established among us, that
it seems undesirable to make any change
therein, unless for some manifest advantage ;
yet we know not that there is any point ot
principle involved in the special attitude
adopted. But this has nothing to do with
the case before us. That which was justly
condemned, was, not that many kneeled to
express their unity with some vocal address
to the Throne of grace, but that a state of
mental excitement was indulged and fostered
which led scores to prostrate themselves at
one time in attempted prayer — contrary to
the advice of the Apostle that "all things be
done decently iwid in order." For God is not
the author of confusion.
The same evasive style of reasoning is ex-
hibited b}' L. W. in commenting on the ob-
jection made to persons being "induced to
come forward and place themselves on what
were called anxious benches." That we may
not seem to do him injustice, we quote his
own language: "This is but a repetition of
the former charge, varied a little in language,
and referring to this point of difference: in-
stead of kneeling at their seats, the individuals
who, as Barclay says, felt ' that they could
pray together with one accord,' came together
in some convenient place, which of course
must be in one of the aisles. How any infrac-
tion of the principles of Friends is involved in
this unconstrained choice of individuals, with
reference to a particular locality in the meet-
ing-house, I am unable to see."
It is difficult to see how a person familiar
with the customs of our Society, could sup-
pose, that the Friend who made the remarks
which led to the article written by L. \V., had
any refei'ence to persons occujiying any ])ar-
ticular part of the house for the usual and
proper purposes of a meeting of Fi-iends.
The real objection is to the imitation of a
](ractice in use among the ilethodisis, and
perhaps some other religious denominations,
where persons are encouraged to come for-
ward and place themselves in view of the
congregation, and be made recipients of the
advice, exhortations, and prayers of all in-
terested, with the expectation that they will
then and there experience conversion and for-
giveness, and become the redeemed children
of God. Whatever of sincerity may exist in
the minds of those who thus act, and in what-
ever degree that sincerity may be owneil by
the Searcher of all hearts, we cannot unite
with such innovations; for their effect is al-
most inevitably to encourage a state of sym-
pathetic mental excitement, having its root
i[i our natural faculties, and not proceeding
from the Spirit of Grace; and to direct the
attention outward to our fellow beings for
help, instead of looking to Christ as revealed
in the heart, by whom only the work of re-
demption can be accomplished.
The practice of Friends has ever been on
such occasions to retire inward, and endeavor
to feel the presence of the Lord ; and to wait
in true submission on him, so that they may
receive such degrees of spiritual light and re-
freshment as He sees meet to administer. In
such a gathered state, they are prepared to
derive comfort and help from such outward
ministry as proceeds from the Divine gift in
others, and is ov?ned by the Spirit of Truth
in themselves; but all other ministry they
experience to have a scattering and withering
effect. For, as Isaac Penington says, "There
is a spirit of delusion as well as of truth ; this
works in the heart as a minister of righteous-
ness, in a seeming light, and warming the
heart with a wrong fire, brings it into a
wrong bed of rest, and administers to it a
wrong peace, hope and joy; setting up there
a wrong sense, belief and judgment concern-
ing itself and others."
The defence of the truth, in the present in-
stance, has been felt to be a jiainful duty, for
it is far more pleasant to speak in the lan-
guage of praise than of reproof; to find evi-
dences of unity, than of disagreement. And
we have also been sensible, that the difficul-
ties in our Society, of which some of the pro-
ceedings above considered are only a partial
exemplification, are not to be removed by
argument. In the language of Samuel Fother-
gill, "There is a spirit that is gone forth into
the camp, and is splendidl}^ delusive. This
spirit leads into notions, it snuff's up the wind,
and lives in commotions itself raises." There
is but one power that is able to keep us from
being led astray, even "that Holy Spirit
which was and is the ground of truth for-
ever." May all be brought under its guid-
ance, and preserved therein.
Our subscribers are reminded that with the
present number, the Forty-seventh volume
ends, and that our terms are Two dollars a
year, payable in advance. Remittances may
be made to the Agent, John S. Stokes, JSJo.
IIG North Fourth St., either direct, or by
post-oflBce money order.
416
THE FRIEND.
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
FoRETON. — The Brilisli Parliament was prorogued
on the 7th inst. by a message from the Queen, which
was read by royal commission. The Queen thanks
botli Houses for voting the annual grant to her son
Prince Leopold. She states that the relations with all
foreign Powers are friendly. She laments the condi-
tion of Spain, and earnestly desires the restoration of
peace and order in that country, but considers non-
interference as most conducive thereto. The message
proceeds to congratulate Parliament upon its work, and
expresses pleasure because of the reduction of taxation ;
at the passage of the factory act, by which the health of
women and children will be promoted ; at the passage
of the act reforming church patronage in Scotland,
which will conduce to the religious welfare of the jjeo-
ple, because it removes the cause of controversy; and
at the passage of the public worship regulation bill,
which will settle the form of worship of the Established
Church. Tlie gross public income of the United King-
dom in the year ending 6th mo. 30th last, was £77,327-
003. The total ordinary expenditure amounted to
£74,974,891. The balance in the exchequer at that
date was £5,314,879.
There has been a terrible gale off the coast of Scot
land. Hundreds of fishing boats are over due, and it
is feared that many of them have been lost.
Before the British government consented to be repre-
sented in the Brussels conference, it was stipulated that
there shall be no change in the recognized rules of in-
ternational law, and that no restrictions shall be placed
upon the conduct of naval operations. England re-
serves the right to accept or reject any recommendations
which the conference may make.
The Bank of England rate of discount has been ad-
vanced from 3 to 4 per cent.
The British government intend Immediately to effect
a complete re-armament of the fortresses of Gibraltar
and Malta.
A serious riot occurred in Portsmouth the 8th inst.,
in conse(pienceof the pier authorities closing a thorough-
fare. Several thousand persons were eng:iged in the
riot whicli was finally suppressed by the military.
Advices from New Zealand state' that six thousand
emigrants from Great Britain arrive in that colony
every month.
Liverpool, Sth mo. 10th.— Uplands cotton, 8\d. ; Or-
leans, 8a a SJfZ.
London.— Con.sols 92^-. U. S. sixes, 1865, 108|; new
five per cents, 104J.
A Paris dispatch of the 7th says : The attitude of the
Sjianish representatives here is most conciliatory, and
difficulties with Spain are at an end. Senor Castelaris
expected at Versailles, charged with the mission of
negotiating for the recognitiim of the Republic of Spain.
The Duke I)e Gazes, French Minister of Foreign Affairs,
denies absolutely the Spanish charges of connivance
with the Carlists. The Duke says, Lizarroga's escape
from arrest while passing from Biyonne to Perpignan,
w.as due to a misunderstanding of the local authorities.
The Carli.st officers seen in uniform at Bayonne, and
elsewhere in French territory, had passports signed by
the Spanish authorities. The Carlists obtained their
supplies of arras and other war material by sea, through
the remissness of the Spaniards in watching the co.ast.
The Duke, in conclusion, assures Spain that the in-
structions to the prefects of the southern departments
to be vigilant have been explicitly renewed, and the
governrnent will see that the inferior authorities scru-
pulously respect them.
A special dispatch to tlie Daibj News says the French
government has seized 32,000 cartridges on the Spanish
frontier destined for the Carlists.
The wife of Don Carlos has arrived at Bordeaux.
It U said the French troops guarding the Spanish
frontier have been reinforced, and vigorous measures
are ordered to prevent uniformed Carlists from crossing
the boundary.
A Versailles dispatch of the 6th says : The govern-
ment has informed the permanent cominittee of Assem-
bly that it will communicate immediately the details
of any serious foreign question that may arise during
the Legislative recess.
The Colui/ne Oazette publishes a telegram from Paris
staling that in a superior council of war General De
('issey. Minister of War, demanded an immediate credit
of 4,000,000 francs, and an eventual credit of 1,000,000,-
000 francs (one milliard) for army purposes.
A Madrid dispatch of the 6th says: The circular note
in relation to the Carlist insurrection has been sent to
the different European Powers by Ulloa, Minister of
Foreign Affairs, and is published to-day. Ulloa says
that the CarlisLs, under pretext of defending religion,
are guilty of incendiarism, assassination and pillage,
RECEIPTS.
Received from William Hancock, Pa., $2, vol. 48 ;
from S. E. Haines, Pa., *2, vol. 48, and for .Jes.se Haine.s,
$2, vol. 48; from Sarah Ann Corse, Del., per W. H.
Corse, $2, vol. 48; from Samuel Chadbourne, N. Y.,
$2, vol. 48; from Isaac Child, lo., $2, vol. 4S; from
Dr. George Thomas, Pa., $2, to No. 24, vol. 49, and for
J. Preston Thomas, $2, to No. 23, vol. 49, and Richard
M. Thomas, Enos Morris, John Webster, and Jonah
Ogilsbe, $2 each, vol. 48 ; from Thomas S. Pike, N. J.,
per G. J. S., 12, vol. 48.
and in support of this statement instances the massacres ' Of sheep 16,000 sold at 4J a 5| cts. per lb. gross for fai
at Cuenca and Olof. | to choice. Hogs, $10.-56 a $10.75 per 100 lbs. net for
^ According to a Bayonne dispatch of the 10th, the corn fed. Receipts, 4500 head, i'a/^m.ire.- Superfine
Carlist General Dorregary has captured the town of , flour, J4 a $4.75 ; extra, $5 a $5.75 ; family flour, $7.25
Laguardia, and is advancing on Puebla, with the inten- ' a $9.25. Choice white and amber wheat, $1.40 a $1.43
tion of cutting the railway between Miranda and, good to prime red, $1.30 a $1.38; Pennsylvania red,
Logrono. | $1.28 a $1.32. Yellow corn, 81 a 82 cts. ; white, 89 a.
The Popoto Romano newspaper says that the Cabinet 92 cts. Oats, 50 a 55 cts Chicago. — No. 1 spring wheat, I
of the Vatican is negotiating to obtain from the govern-j$L10; No. 2 do., $1.04| ; No. 3 do., $1.01. Corn, 66 1
ments of Austria, France and Portugal the renuncia- cts. No. 2 oats, 41 J cts. Si. Louis. — No. 2 red wheat, ,
tion of their right of excluding candidates at the Papal SI. 16 a $1.17 ; No. 3 do., $1.08 a $1.10. No. 2 corn, I
elections. 55 cts. Oats, 48 cts. Lard, 14.^ cts.
The Cologne Gazette says the French government has
agreed to recall the war ship Orenoque from Civita
Vecchia, and that the vessel will forthwith quit the
station she has so long occupied.
The London Daily Telegraph says it is reported that
Russia has consented to recognize the Republic of
Spain, and that all the other Powers will follow.
It is also reported that the German government has
notified its representatives abroad that the time has
arrivedto recognize the Spanish Republic.
A Vienna dispatch states that a circular note had
been received from the German government proposing
that the great Powers take under consideration the ex-
pediency of recognizing the Spanish government.
On the 10th inst. the inhabitants of Barcelona were
greatly alarmed in consequence of the approach of large
bodies of Carlists, and there being no force in readiness
to oppose them.
United States.— In New Y'ork city last week there
were 721 interments.
The mortality in Philadelphia numbered 346, in-
cluding 183 children under two years. During the
Seventh month 1,562,602,586 gallons of water were
pumped at the several water-works belonging to the
city. The Fairmount works furnished about half of
the total supply.
The wool clip of the State of Michigan this year
amounts to about 6,000,000 pounds.
The steamer Pat Rogers was burned on the Ohio
river on the 5th inst., near Aurora, Indiana. The
disaster was attended with great loss of life, no less than
47 persons, mostly women, having perished. The boat
and cargo, the latter consisting of cotton, cattle, sheep,
Ac, were totally destroyed. The fire commenced in
the cotton, which it is supposed took fire from sparks
that fell from the chimneys.
The devastation committed by locusts on the crops
is causing a great deal of suffering among the poorer
class of settlers in northwestern Iowa.
The imports into the U. States for the ten months
ending 4th mo. 30th last, were merchandize $469,769,-
679, and specie and bullion $25,534,697 : total $495,-
304,376. During the corresponding period, 1873, the
total imports were $556,567,409. The exports for the
ten months referred to in 1874 were, merchandize
$479,77.5,710, and specie and bullion $39,17.5,676 : total
$518,951,386, which is $23,647,010 more than the im-
ports in that period.
The Bureau of Statistics publishes the following
statement in relation to the foreign trade: Number
and tonnage of vessels engaged in the foreign trade
which entered into and cleared from the United States
during the twelve months ended April 30th, 1874 and
1873.
Entered. Cleared.
1874. No. Tons. No. Tons.
American vessels, 11,808 3,877,634 12,032 3,984,661
Foreign vesseLs, 21,023 9,147,504 20,989 9,071,316
Total, .
1873.
American vessels, 12,073
Foreign vessels, 19,6.55
32,831 13,02.5,138 33,021 1.3,05.5,977
3,609,420
7,831,577
11,227 3,743,497
19,875 7,87.5,011
Total, . . 30,728 11,440,997 31,102 11,618,.505
The Markets, &c. — The following were the quotations
on the 10th inst. New York. — American gold, 109;'.
U. S. sixes, 1881, registered, 117', ; do. coupons, 118} ;
do. 1868, registered, 116; coupon, 117i; 5 per cents,
lllj. Superfine flour, $4.80 a $5.10 ; St'ate extra, $5.40
a $5.75 ; finer brands, $6 a $10. No. 1 Chicago spring
wheat, $1,30; No. 2 do., $1.24; new amber western,
$1.33 ; white Kentucky, $1.38. Old white oats, 82 a 85
cts. ; new mixed, 60 a 65 cts. Western mixed corn, 82
cts. ; white, 91 a 92 cts. Carolina rice, 8i a 9J cts.
Rangoon, G\ a 6J cts. Philadelphia.— WiMUng up-
lands and New Orleans cotton, 17} a 17J cts. Super-
fine flour, $3.50 a $4.25 ; extras, $4.50 a $5.75 ; finer
brand,s, 116 a $9.25. Old amber wheat, $1.50 ; new red,
$1.29. Rye, 88 a 91 cts. Yellow corn, 84 cts. Oats,
50 a 58 cts. The receipts of beef cattle were 3505 head.
The range of prices was from 4J to 7 Jets, per lb. gross,
WANTED.
A suitable Friend to take the position of Writing
Teacher and Assistant Governor at Westtown Boarding
School — for next Session. Apply to
Charles Evans, 702 Race street, Philadelphia,
Clarkson Sheppard, Greenwich, New Jersey,
Joseph Walton, Moorestown, New Jersey.
SHELTER FOR COLORED ORPHANS.
Wanted, by the 1st of 10th mo. next, a suitable
Friend for Matron for the above institution.
Application may be made to
Hannah R. Newbold, 643 Franklin St.
Mary Wood, 524 South Second St.
Mary Randolph, 247 North Twelfth St.
Anna W. Lippincott, 400 North Seventh St.
WANTED.
An unmarried Friend to take the position of Governor
at Westtown Boarding School, on or before the close of
the present session, in the 10th month next.
Apply to
Clarkson Sheppard, Greenwich, New Jersey,
Joseph Walton, Moorestown, "
Charles Evans, 702 Race street, Philadelphia.
HAVERFORD COLLEGE.
The next Term will commence on Fourth-d.ay, 9th
mo. 2nd, 1874. Applications for admissions should be
addressed to Samuel J. Gujimeke, President,
Haverford College, Montgomery Co., Pa.
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE.
Near Frankford, {Twenty-third Ward,) Philadelphia.
Physician and Superintendent — Joshua H. Worth-
INGTON, M. D.
Applications for the Admission of Patients may be
made to the Superiutendent, or to any of the Board of
Managers,
Died, on the 3d of 7th month, 1874, at her late resi-
dence in Medford, N. J., Mary S. Lippincott, an
elder and overseer of Upper Evesham Monthly Meet-
ing, in the 83rd year of her age. This dear Friend was
under severe physical affliction during the last nine
years of her life. This she endured with much chris-
tian resignation, not the slightest murnuir being made
against what she accepted as the Divine will concern-
ing her. She was diligent in the attendance of her re-
ligious meetings when able, and even when reduced to
comparative helple.ssnes.s, she solicited and obtained
the assistance of others to enable her to perform this
important duty, saying, '• I must do what I can." In
her last illness she was engaged in earnest supplications
for a mansion in Heaven, saying, " Oh ! Holy Father,
be pleased to look down npon me with an eye of pity ;"
and an evidence was granted her that Ile'who careth
for his children, however little in their own eyes, was
with her, shielding her with His arm of Almighty
power. Very near the clo.se with a peaceful and serene
countenance, she raised her feeble arms and sweetly
said, ''Come, come, come very quickly." "Ble.ssed
are the pure in heart, for they shall see God."
WILLIAM H. PILE, PRINTEB.
No. 422 Walnut Street.