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A GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT

OF THE

HUNDRED OF LONSDALE,

NOETH AND SOUTH OF THE SANDS,

IN THE COUNTY OF LANCASTER.

BY THE LATE

ROBERT BACKHOUSE PEACOCK

EDITED BY

THE EEV. J. C. ATKINSON,

AUTHOR OF "A GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF CLEVELAND," ETC., ETC.

J-, * o

I , •) <> 1 t>

PUBLISHED FOR THE PHILOLOGICAL SOCIETY BY

ASHER & CO.

LONDON: 13, BEDFORD STREET, CONVENT GARDEN.

BERLIN : 20, UNTER DEN LINDEN.

1869.

HERTFORD :

PRINTED BY STEPHEN AUSTIN.

57^0

INTEODUCTION.

The materials from which the following pages have been com- > piled and printed were left by their lamented collector in a * trough and undigested condition. There were abundant evidences of extreme diligence in collection; but it was at the same time evident that the task of arrangement and compression — certainly not second in difficulty, or in importance, to that of compilation — had not as yet been commenced upon. Still, the quantity of valuable matter contained in the extensive pile of material was so distinctly apparent, that it was an exercise of the soundest judgment which recommended publication.

The task of the Editor, however, in selecting and preparing for the press was far less easy and self-explanatory. On the one hand, was the desire to preserve as much as possible of the Author's work : on the other, the necessity of removing redun- dancies, excluding repetitions, grouping varying forms, system- atising and bringing under one head various distinct or separate notes, explanations and illustrations of one or the same word, or its differing forms. And these objects were not easily reconcilable. The practical rule eventually adopted by the present Editor was to put himself, as far as possible, in the place of the author, as occupied with the labour of reducing his rough materials into workable form ;* and the only deviations, in practice, from the rule adopted, have been in the direction of sympathy with the author rather than with the critic. A very considerable number of the words collected proved, on inspection, to be simply familiar words in common use among the unlearned throughout the English pro- vinces. These, as being equally of no specific value or interest, and as greatly increasing the bulk of the volume, have, generally speaking, been excluded. Others, as mere orthographical vari- ations of the same word, have been dealt with on the same principle. But it is to be hoped that nothing whatever of any

Vlll

INTRODUCTION.

value, and, least of all, any distinct phonetic form or decided dialect word, has been neglected or omitted.

It will probably be remarked by some into whose hands the Glossary will pass, as it has been by the editor, that a considerable number of the words in the Glossary, jointly with their definitions, appear to have been taken bodily from Halliwell's " Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words." This is explained by a note from the late Herbert Coleridge to Mr. Peacock, recommending him (in reference to a suggestion evidently originating with Mr. Peacock himself on going through Halliwell's Dictionary in connection with his own collections and researches) to mark all the words he might identify. as belonging to that district of Lancashire the dialect of which he purposed to illustrate. In some instances the definitions attached to these words have been slightly modified, or, perhaps, remodelled ; but, of the majority, it will be seen that they are left as copied by Mr. Peacock.

In only a very few cases has the editor taken upon himself to introduce any new matter ; and, in these few, only with a view to illustration where illustration seemed to be called for, or likely to add to the interest of the Glossary itself. In every such case, whensoever the addition exceeds two or three words in length, the matter added is marked off from the context by brackets, and the syllable Ed. is printed at its end.

Subjoined is a list of the abbreviations and contractions em- ployed in the body of the Glossary.

J. 0. ATKINSON.

LIST OF CONTRACTIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS EMPLOYED IN THE GLOSSARY.

A.S. Anglo-Saxon. O.E. Old English.

E. English. O.N. Old Norse.

Sw. Swedish. O.Sw. Old Swedish. Sw. D. Swedish Dialect. Dan. Danish.

Dan.D. Danish Dialect.

S.G. Suio-Gothic.

M.G. Maeso-Gothic.

W. Welsh.

G. Gaelic.

M. Manx.

Bret. Breton.

Fr. French.

O.Fr. Old French. M.L. Mediaeval Latin.

D. Dutch. G. or Germ. German.

Pr. Pronunciation.

pr. pronounced.

Corr. Corruption.

Contr. Contraction.

GLOSSARY.

A, Corr. of ha'e for E. have : as, " I sud a sent," for "I should have sent."

A, prep, in, on. O.N. a, in, on; [A.S. and O.E. on, changed into a in com- pound mod. E. words, as, away = A.S. onweg, abroad = OJE. on brede. Ed.] as, "Don't du a that way" = A Don't do it in that way.

A (pr. yah or ad, the first a as in hate, the second as in Noah), num. adj. one. S.-G. a. "In pluribus Suio- gothise partibus unitatis nota est, ut a man, vir unus,"

A, used for. (1) You.. (2) He ; as, " Is a gaain Ooston to-day ?"= Are you going to Ulverstone to-day ? Comp. "A' babbled of green fields," King Henry V. ii. 3.

Aa, v.t. to owe. O.N. a pres. of eiga, to own ; hverr a ? who owns ?

Aad (the two a's pr. as the first and second in Harland, respectively), adj. 1. Old ; as, Aad Harry, Aad Scratch, terms for the devil ; Aad Kersmas, Christmas reckoned by the old style ; Aad file, an old miser ; Aad sang, a trifle. 2. (metaph.) Experienced, not easily taken in ; as, Aad hand, a knowing or expert person ; Aad stager, one well initiated in any- thing.

Aad wife hake, a term for a rural festi- val, at which old and young dance together.

Aan, pron. Pr. of own. O.Fris. ain, M.G. aigan, A.S. dgen, own, be- longing to oneself.

Aan, v.t. (1) to own, have belonging ; as, "Its aaenH (or aaertd) bi him" =He is the owner. (2) To acknow-

B

AC

ledge, thence to visit ; as, " Ye niv- ver aan us now ; " i.e. never visit us, or claim us as friends. A.S. agan, to own.

Aaned, p.p. of aan, to own.

Aaner, n. an owner.

Aansel, pron. one's own self.

Aback, adv. in the rear, behind.

Aback-a-behint, very far behind or in the rear.

Aback-o-beyont, at a very great dis- tance away.

Abaiyed, Pr. of abode.

Abbut, Pr. of aye but.

Abe, Let me = Let me alone.

Abeear, ) v.t. to bear, to tolerate. AS.

Abere, ) aberan, to bear, to suffer.

Abidden, p.p. of To abide ; endured.

Ablish, adj. rather able ; of tolerable pecuniary means.

Abode, pret. of To abide ; endured.

Aboon, adv. above, overhead, more than ; as, " T' meer dud kick aboon a bit " = The mare did kick more than a little, i.e. excessively.

Abrede, adj. abroad, spread out, " His hay is o abrede," i.e. all spread out. A.S. abredan, to extend.

■ ( ^orr- °* because.

Accorah-earth, n. green arable earth.

Achelor, n. hewn stone ; Pr. of Ashlar.

Ack, v.t. to mind, to regard ; as, " Never ack " = Never mind. Sw. ahta, to mind, to care.

A-cock-horse, used adjectively, trium- phant.

Acreak'd, adj. crooked, awry.

Acren, n. an acorn. A.S. wceren, M.G. akran.

1

AC

AN

Acruk'd, adj. crooked, awry.

Actilly, Oorr. of actually.

Adam and Eve, a name for the bulbs of the Orchis maculata.

Addle, v.i. to adhere together, to co- agulate.

Addle, v.t. to earn. O.N. odlaz, to ac- quire, gain.

Addled, adj. rotten, decayed ; as, " an addled egg." W. hadlu, to de- cay, to grow rotten ; A.S. ddl, sick, ill, corrupted, putrid.

Addle-headed, adj. stupid, of defec- tive intellect, without the power of thought.

Addlin's, n. labourers' wages.

Adone ! (Corr. of have done !) cease ! be quiet !

Adoors, prep, at the door, i.e. out- side.

Adzooks, interj. an exclamation or petty oath.

Ae ! interj. Oh ! "Ae, what a seet o' apples that tree hev on it ! v

Afeard, adj. afraid.

Affend, Corr. of offend.

Aibor, adv. and prep, before, forward, A.S. for, Du. voor, before.

Afooretime, adv. in time past.

Afoot, adv. on foot.

Afront, adv. in front.

Again, prep, against. A.S. and O.Fris. agen, O.N. gegn, contra.

Agate, To be, to be afoot, agoing, at work, or occupied in doing a thing.

Agate, To get, to get to work, to have commenced.

Agate, To set, to set agoing, put on foot, originate work.

Agee (g soft), adj. awry, oblique, askew.

Agin, conj. as if.

Agistment, n. the feeding of cattle in a common pasture, for a stipulated price.

Agoy, interj. a petty oath.

Agreeably, adv. in an uniform man- ner, in a way perfectly alike.

Agrund, adv. on the ground.

Ah, but, a form implying dissent, nearly = Nay, but.

Ahint, adv. and prep, behind.

Ahn, poss. pron. own. See Aan.

Ahuh, adj. awry, aslant. A.S. awoh, awry.

Aiable (Corr. of able), adj. wealthy.

Aidher, ) adj. either. O.Fris. aider,

Aither, ] each, every ; A.S. cegper.

2

jM* } short for Alice.

Aiqual, Pr. of equal.

Aire, n. land warped up by floods or tides, and now or once liable to be overflowed by them.

Aish, n. an ash tree.

Alang, adv. along.

Alang of, in consequence of, or owing to.

Alayan, ) adv. alone. Dan. allene,

Alean, ] Du. aleen or alleen.

Alayat, adv. of late, lately.

Aid, Pr. of old.

Ale, n. a rural festival, a merry meet- ing. Bride-a?e and church-a^e are terms for a wedding supper and a church festivity. Cf. Dan. arvol, Sw. arfol. Mulled-a£e is ale boiled with sugar, spice, etc.

Aleven, Corr. of eleven.

Aliblaster, n. alabaster. Gr. dxdpaaTpos, M.G. alabalstraun.

Allaz, Corr. of aloes.

Allecar, ) n. alegar, vinegar made

Allekur, ] from ale.

Alley, n. the aisle of a church.

All-hallows, a name for All Saints' Day (1st Nov.).

All-of-a-heugh, adj. all on one side. A.S. awoh, crookedly. See Ahuh.

All-overish, adj. neither sick nor well.

Amackily, adv. a little so, in some fashion, partly.

Amain, adv. lustily.

Amaiyast, "

Ameast, \ Corr. of almost.

Amooast,

Amang, Northumb. form of among.

Amang-hands, used adverbially of

work done at intervals amongst

other business. An, adv. than. O.N. en, Du. an, than. An, conj. if. "He'll cum an a sed

sooa" = He will come if he said so.

S.G. am, if. Comp. Gr. 4av. An (pr. yan), num. adj. one. Used

absolutely, as A or Aa is joined to a

noun ; as, " That's an of them," "Aa

cow," "Aa sheep." An', Contr. of and.

Ananters, ) conj. in case that, if per- Anters, \ adventure. Fr. aventure.

an adventure, chance, hap, in O.E.,

aunter. Aneath, Corr. of beneath. An end (Corr. of on end), upright. Anenst, prep, against, opposite to, over

against. Comp. Gr. ivarnos.

AN

AT

Anew, adv. afresh, again ; as, " I'll

try my hand anew" Angle -berry, n. a sore under the hoof

of an animal. Angnail, n. a corn upon the toe. Angs, n. the beard of barley. N.Fris.

agen, O.N. agnir (pi. of b'gri), Sw.

agnar, Fin. akana, Gr. axva, chaff,

awns. Anif. Used for if. An-o, Corr. of and all; sometimes =

also. Ankle-jacks, n.-& sort of quarter boots.

Anthony's -fire, n. erysipelas. Du. Anthonis vyer, erysipelas.

Anto (Corr. of an thou), if thou.

Anudder, Corr. of another.

Apace, adv. by degrees ; as, " He will get on apace " = He will do what he is about by degrees or in time.

Ape, n. a fool, a wayward child. O.N. api, homo fatuus, insipidus, stultus.

Apieces, Corr. of in pieces.

A-pigga-back, said of a mode of car- rying a child on one's back, with his legs under one's arms, and his arms round one's neck.

SgSSJ *»"!"»•

Apricock, n. an apricot.

Apron, n. the fat skinny covering of the belly of a duck or goose.

Argufy, v.i. (1) to argue. (2) To signify.

Ark, n. in the north of England the large chests in farm-houses, used for keeping meal or flour, are so called ; they are usually made of oak, and are sometimes elaborately carved.

Ark, Noah's, n. clouds in lines con- verging to two points on opposite parts of the sky, with some resem- blance to the planks of a boat or ship. [The name is a Corr. of ' Noe- ship,' Prov. Sw. Noaskeppet, in which Noe is a Corr. of Odin. Weather auguries are derived from 'Noah's Ship' or Ark.' Ed.]

Aries, n. earnest money (generally Is.), given on hiring a servant to bind th e bargain. Gael, arias, earnest- money, M. earlys, earnest.

Am, Corr. of earn.

Arnest-money, deposit-money given to bind a bargain on hiring a servant, etc. Comp. W. ernes, earnest-money.

Arr, n. a scar or pockmark. Dan. ar, S.G. airr, Sw. arr, N.Fris. aar, a scar, cicatrix, seam.

Arrals, n. pimples, or a rash break- ing out upon the skin.

Arran, n. a spider.

Arridge, n. the edge of a squared stone or piece of wood, or the like.

Arridge, v.t. to take the sharp edge off any squared object, as the joiner or stonemason does.

Arsboord, n. the hinder board of a cart.

Arston, Corr. of hearth-stone.

Arter, Corr. of after.

Arval, n. a dole of ale and bread given at a funeral ; also money given at the death of a fox for the hunters to get ale to drink at the nearest public- house. S.G. arfSl, O.Dan, arfivol, Dan. aruo'l, literally inheritance-ale. (See Ale.) Comp. also W. arwyl, funeral obsequies.

Arval-dinners are common in Cart- mel, for friends who attend a funeral from a distance.

As (pr. az), conj. that; as, "He said as he wod " = He said that he would.

Ask ")

Asker > n' a new^ or water-lizard.

Esk, ') GaeI^-

Aslope' | adJ' sloPin& inclined. Asquat, adj. sitting on the haunches. Ass, n. ashes.

Ass-boord, n. a box for ashes. Ass-hole, n. a receptacle for ashes. Assil-tree, n. an axle-tree. Gael, aisil,

an axle-tree. Assil-tooth, ) n. a grinder or molar Axil-teuth, \ tooth. O.'S.jaxl, dens

maxillaris. Ass-manner, ) n. manure, the chief

Ass-muck,

constituent of which

is ashes ; the contents of the Ass- middens of a town.

Ass-midden, n. a heap of ashes.

Asta, Corr. of hast thou.

Astir, adv. on the move, on the alert.

As tit, adv. as soon. See Tit, Titter.

Astraddle,

Astreddle,

Aswint, adj. awry.

At, conj. that ; as, " He sed at he wod." Dan. at, Sw. att, that.

At, used before the infinitive. Con- stantly used as a prefix to the verb 3

adv. astride.

AT

BA

in the infinitive in N.L, ; as, "I don't like at see it," for "I don't like to see it." O.N. at, nota infinitivi.

At, prep, to ; as, " Hey ta done ouht at it ? " or, " Hes ta dune oute at it?" i.e. "to it," in the way of re- pairs.

At, rel. pron. who, that ; as, " Him at left it"=He who left it. O.N. at, qui, who.

At-efter, adv. after, afterwards. Comp. S.G. and Sw. efterat, after this or that, afterwards, Dan. efterat, after.

Ater. See Arter.

A-this-side, on this side ; betwixt now and ; as, "A-this-side Easter."

Athout, prep, without ; as, " I'se goan athout it."

Atomy, n. an anatomy, a skeleton.

Atop, adv. on the top.

Atort, prep, towards.

Attercob, n. a spider. A.S. attercoppa; atter, poison.

Atter-pile, n. a small fish with veno- mous spines.

Atter-pile. Castlehead Cartmel was anciently called "Atterpile."

IS K- bet— •

At wo, adv. in two, asunder. At yance, at once. See Yance.

^JPr.ofall.

Aud-farand, adj. old fashioned.

Audher, ) conj. either. O.Fris. auder,

Auther, \ A.S. aufter.

Aum, Pr. of elm.

Aumus, n. alms. [A.S. celmesse, O.N.

olmusa, O.Sw. almusa, O.E. ahnus.

Ed.] Aund, adj. ordained, predestinated.

[O.N. avftna, fate, destiny, luck,

auftinn, neut. aufSit, fated, destined ;

Prov. Sw. den, on, id. Ed.] Aup, ) n. a heavy, stupid person ; a Aupy, ) childish or silly person. Aunters, n. adventures. See Ananters,

Anters. Aursels, Pr. of ourselves.

Awar^nt, \ vJ' to assure' to warrant'

Away-going, adj. departing ; applied to the crop of a tenant who is leav- ing his farm. See "Waygoing Crop.

Awer, Pr. of hour.

A- wheels, on wheels, swiftly ; as, " It went a-wheelsr

Awkert, adj. awkward, clumsy. 4

Aw macks, all sorts, all kinds ; lit.

" all makes." Awroddy, Corr. of already. Awsome, adj. appalling, awful, Aw't, all the. Awter, Pr. of alter. Awteration, Pr. of alteration. Ax, to ask. A.S. acsian or axian, to ask. A yan, one person ; as, " Wha wos they

yar ? " " Sick a yan ; " for " Who was

there!" " Such a one." Azzard, n. a little thriveless child or

person, irritable, and full of monkey

tricks. Azzy, n. a wayward child.

B.

Bab, n. baby, a child.

Babble, v.i. to talk without sense, or idly. O.N. babba, balbutire, from babb, inarticulata vox, Dan. bable, Du. babbeln, to babble, to prate, N. Fris. babbeln, garrire more infantum, N.Er. babbiller, to babble, talk over- much, Du. babbel, a babbling or prattling, N.Fr. babil, babble.

Babble, n. (1) an idle tale, nonsense. (2) Noise made by hounds when they are too busy, and open before they are sure of the scent.

Babbling, n. a noisy discourse.

Babby, n. a baby.

Baby, n. a doll for children.

Bachelor's Buttons, n. the flower, rose campion.

Back up, To set one's = To provoke so as to make him angry.

Backhand, n. an iron chain over a cart saddle which supports the shafts.

Backboord, n. a board on which dough is rolled out.

Backen, v.t. to retard.

Back-end, n. autumn,

Backer, adj. comp. further back.

Backerd's way, adv. backwards,

Backerly, adj. late.

Backgrund (Pr. of background), n. a place of concealment.

Backing, n. anything put behind a front surface ; as, soil placed behind wattling.

Back-recknin(g), n. after reckoning.

Backside, n. any premises at the back of a house. Sw. bakside, back.

Backskin, n. a strong piece of leather worn on the back by fishermen.

BA

BA

Backst, adj. most backward, furthest

back. Dan. bagst. Backspan, n. a baking plate for oat

bread.

ackwo

or decline an invitation. Backword, n. an answer to put off an

engagement. Bad, p.p. of To bid, invited. Bad, adj. sick, ill. [duce.

Badger, n. a travelling buyer-up of pro- Badger, v.t. (1) to beat down in bar- gaining. (2) To worry by the use of

irritating language. Badly, adj. sick, ill. Bae, v.i. to cry like a lamb. Bae-lamb, n. a child's name for a

young lamb.

Baily, n. a bailiff, a sheriff's officer.

Bain, adj. (1) near. O.N. bein, rectus, directus. (2) Willing.

Bait, n. (1) a luncheon. (2) The fibre of wood.

Bait, v.t. to stop to feed a horse.

Baiyan-flower, n. the daisy.

Baiyath (Pr. of bath), v.t. (1) to bathe with water, to foment. (2) To rub liniment or lotion well in.

Baiyath, Pr. of both.

Bakhouse, Pr. of bake-house.

Bakin', n. the quantity of bread baked at one time.

Balk (Pr. bauk or boke), n. (1) a large piece of felled timber. W. and Gael. bale, Manx balk, A.S. balca, Sw. balk. beam, balk. (2) The strong beam which, running horizontally, unites the principal rafters of a building. (3) A fishing balk ; a long wattled hedge of a semi-circular form set upon the sea-sands, which compels the fish at the ebb of the tide to make towards the deepest part, where there is a semi-circular bower of nets to catch them. 0 . N. bdlkr, a hedge of wood, S.G. balk, sepimentum. (4) A ridge or strip of land left un- ploughed in a tillage field. S.G. balk, porca, a ridge between two furrows.

Balk, v.t. to pass over, to pass by, to disappoint.

Ball, n. (1) the pupil of the eye. (2) The palm of the hand. (3) The round part of the bottom of a horse's foot. " Whar is it 1 " It's i' 't ball o' 't foot."

Balled, adj. white-faced.

Ballet, Corr. of ballad.

Bam, n. a false mocking tale, a gibe.

Armor, bamein, to deceive ; and

Gael, beum, a cut or sarcasm. Bam, v.t. to employ a mode of punish- ment at school, well known to school

boys. Bamboozle, v.t. to cheat, to make game

of. Bammed, p.p. struck, beaten. Ban, n. a curse. A.S. ban, interdictum,

excommunication. Band, n. (1) the iron hinges of a door

or gate. (2) A wooden fastening for

a cow's neck. Band, j»re£. of bind. " He band him tull

a tailor "= He bound him to a tailor. Band, n. the summit of a minor hill ;

as, " Swirl band," Tilberthwaite fell.

Welsh, bant, height. Band, ) n. a chain across a horse's

Backhand, ] back holding up the

shafts. Bandish, Corr. of bandage. Bands, n. the hinges of a door. Bandy- cat, n. a game played with

sticks rounded or curved at the lower

end, called Bandy-cats, and a small

wooden block called a kiddy or cat.

See Catty. Bane. See Bain. Bang, v.t. (1) to beat in competition ;

to surpass. (2) To strike. (3) v.i.

To go with rapidity, "She bang'd

out o' t' dure, and we saa na meyar

on her." O.N. bdnga, pulso, percutio,

Dan. banke, to beat, thrash, drub. Bang, n. a blow. O.N. bang, pulsatio,

Dan. bank, a drubbing, thrashing,

beating. Banger, n. (1) a hard blow. (2) A great

falsehood. Bank up, v.i. to collect in masses:

" It is banking up," spoken of clouds

gathering before a shower. Bannock, n. a small loaf or cake, made

of oatmeal. Gael, bannach, a cake. Bantlin', n. an infant. Bant y- cock, ) n. fowls of the Bantam Banty-hen, ] breed. Bar, v.t. to shut, to close ; as, "Bar them

out." _ Bar, adj. bare. Barfet, adj. barefoot. "Barfet an' bar

legg'd " = Barefoot and bare legged.

A.S. barfot, O.N. berf&ttr, nudipes,

Dan. barfodet, barefooted.

5

BA

BA

Bark, v.i. Foxes are said to bark at rutting time.

Barked, adj. encrusted with dirt.

Barkam, n. a horse's collar. See Bar- riham.

Barley, v.t. to bespeak. An exclam- ation frequently used by children when they wish to obtain the first choice. Manx barelkiam, I would rather.

Barm, n. yeast. W. burym, A.S. bearme, N.Fris. barm, yeast, Gael, beirm, S.G. berma.

Barn, n. a child. Also used in a familiar way of speaking to one another. O.Fris. bern, N.Fris., M.G., O.N., Dan., S.G., and Sw. barn, "At be wi' bam " = To be enceinte ; at ga wi' barn: Comp. Sw. " Att ga med barn."

Barn-time, n. the time during which a woman may have children.

Barnish, adj. childish. M.G. barnishs, childish, O.N. barnwska, pueritia, Dan. barnlig, childish.

Barn-laikings, n. potsherds placed in the form of horses or other figures ; literally, children's playthings.

Barnless, adj. childless. A.S. " 0. Fris. bernlas, Sw. barnlos.

Barns, n. issue, progeny. A.S.

Barns' barns, n. grandchildren. M.G. barne barna.

Barragan, n. a sort of fustain.

Barren, adj. said of a cow or ewe, not in calf or lamb.

Barren, n. the exterior sexual parts of a cow. Comp. Sc. birn, matrix. [Prov. Sw. bdrane, barne, Prov. Dan. beer end, Old Dan. bairoende, from O.N. bera, O.Sw. hcera, to bring forth, of which word Ihre remarks that it is applied simply to the parturition of cows. Ed.].

Barriham, n. a horse's collar. See Barkam. [This word appears in many other forms, as harfhame, bar- son, braffam, braugham, baurgham, brecham, etc. The old forms ham- berwe, kanaborough, noticed by Mr. Wedgwood, give the same elements, but in different order, the simple meaning being protection against the names. A.S. beorgan, to protect, PL D. bargen, Dut. and Germ, bergen, id. Ed.].

Barring- out, n. an ancient custom at schools, until lately prevalent, when 6

the boys, at the commencement of harvest, bar out the master from the school, and demand the day's holiday.

Barrow (Pr. barra), n. (1) a large heap of stones. A.S. bearow, a high or hilly place, a hill covered with wood, Gael, bara, id., Manx barrey. (2) The side of a rocky hill ; quite as often, or oftener, the hill itself, par- ticularly the top or conical part of the hill : often a post-fix ; as, Trow- barrow, Torrisholme barrows, How- barrow, Backbarrow, Underbarrow, Warkbarrow.

Basket-swerde, n. a sword with a hilt formed to protect the hand from injury.

Bass, n. a name for the perch (fish).

Bassin, n. Pr. of basin.

Bass-mat, n. See Bast.

Bast, n. a species of matting made of the inner rind of bark. Du. bast, bark, O.N., Dan., and Sw. bast, the inner bark of the lime tree, A.S. bcest, S.G. bast, cortex tilise, Sw. bast, Dan. bast-maat, bast-mat.

Baste, v.t. to sew slightly.

Bastert, Pr. of bastard. O.Fr. basterd, Du. bastaert, W. basdardd.

Bat, n. a blow or stroke.

Bat, v.t. to beat, to strike ; as to beat the dust out of a door-mat by strik- ing it against a wall, or to beat it with a stick with the same object. N . Fris. bat, to beat, to strike.

Bat, n. a blow : as, " Gi' him a bat " = Give him a blow. Also metaph. for rate, speed, manner of action ; as, "At that bat " = At that speed ; " He's at th' old bat =He is playing the old game ; e.g. drunk, as usual.

Bat-beggar, n. a beadle.

Batch, n. a heap or quantity of any- thing ; literally, the entire quantity of bread baked at one time, whence all the other applications of the word.

Bate, v.t. to abate or diminish.

Bate, n. the fibres or grain of wood. See Bait.

Batter, n. repeated blows, as with a battering ram.

Batter, v.i. a wall which diminishes in thickness upwards is said to batter.

Battered. A horse with tender feet is said to be battered.

Battin', n. the straw of two sheaves folded together.

BA

BE

See Balk, vb. and n.

Battle-royal, n. a fight that used to be fought between several cocks, where the one that stood longest was the victor.

Bauk,

Bawk,

Bawm, Pr. of balm.

?£; } Gott. o£ prep. by. [court#

Beadle, n. a crier or messenger of a Beak (Corr. of bake), v.t. to soften wood

and sticks in the fire for use with- out burning them. Beak (Corr. of beak), n. the bill of a

bird. Gael, beic, N.Fr. bee. Beal, v.i. to roar out, to give mouth,

to bellow as cattle. O.N. belja,

O.Sw. bcelia, bala, N. baula, belja,

O.E. belly n, to low as neat. Beam, Pr. of beam. Beam-filling, n. masonry or brickwork

employed to flush or to fill up a wall

between joists or beams. Bean, Pr. of bone. Bean-cods, n. the pods of beans. A.S.

bean-coddas. Beanfire, Pr. of bonfire. Bear, n. a door-mat. Bear, Pr. of bear.

Beard, v.t. to top a wall with thorns. Bearding, n. thorn bushes stuck into

a bank or hedge. Bearer, n. a martingale. Bearers, n. the persons who bear or

carry a corpse to the grave. Beas, n. pi. cows, cattle collectively.

See Beast. Beast, ) n. an animal of the beeve kind Beost, ) in a fatting state ; more

generally, any single animal of the

ox kind. Beat, v.i. Hares are said to beat when

they make a noise at rutting time. Beater, n. a wooden mallet used for

various purposes. Beath, Pr. of both. Beck, 11. a small stream, a brook. O.N.

beckr or beklcr, rivus, Sw. back, a

brook, a rivulet, Dan. bcek, a brook, a

rill, S.G. beck Beck, n. a hint, or nod. Becose, ) -n f , Becoze, \ Pr" of because' Bed, pret. of To bid, offered ; as, " He

bed a hundred pound." Beddin', n. bedding, bedclothes ; also

straw under horses or cattle. A.S.

bedding.

Bedeet, adj. dirtied.

Bed-gown, n. a loose kind of jacket,

formerly much worn by the female

peasantry instead of an ordinary

dress. Bedizened, adj. decked or dressed out

gaudily. Bed-joints, n. the natural joints of

stone as it lies in the beds of rocks. Beear. See Bear. Beeboe, To go to : a child's term for

going to sleep. Bee-breead, n. a brown substance with

which some of the cells of a honey- comb are filled. Beeld, ) n. (1) an object which shelters, Bield, ) as a large bush, a wall, a

shed. (2) Shelter, protection, or de- fence. Beery, adj. the worse for drink, tipsy,

intoxicated. Beest-milk, n. the milk given by a

cow immediately after calving. Du.

biest, curdled milk, A.S. beost or byst,

bysting, biestings. Beetle, n. a heavy wooden hammer,

such as is used by paviors ; also

called a rammer. A.S. bitl, a mallet. Be far, a deprecatory exclamation. Beheyav, Pr. of behave. Behint, prep, behind. Behoaf, Pr. of behalf. Behodden, Pr. of beholden. Belaa, Pr. of below. Belder, v.i. to roar, to bellow. Beleng, ) Pr. of belong. But the vb. Belang, \ takes a quasi active sense in

ordinary usage ; as, " Yon house

belangs me;" "The stock and crops

belengivj James F." Belike, adv. likely, perhaps, probably. Belive, adv. before long, by and by,

quickly, presently, immediately. Belk, n. an eructation. A.S. bale. Belk, v.i. to belch. AS. bealcan. Bellow, v.i. to make the noise a roe

does at rutting time, Bell-wedder, n. the wether sheep which

carries the bell at the head of the

flock. Belly-timmer, n. food. O.N. beli, sto-

machus, and timbr, ligna. Belly- wark, n. the colic. O.N. beli,

A.S. bcelig, stomachus, A.S. wcerc,

pain. Belve, v.t. to drink greedily. Bemean, v.i. to moan; as, "T' cow

bemeans itself "= The cow moans. 7

BE

BI

Bene, n. a prayer or petition. Bensil, v.t. to beat, to thrash. Bent, ) n. a long coarse grass,

Bent-girse, ] which chiefly grows on

the moors, a species of ribbon grass.

(Agrostis canina, Linn).

Beside, adv. by the side of. Besom, n. a broom, generally made of birch or heather. A.S. besem, O.Fris. besma, Sw. besem. Bessy-blakeling, n. the yellow-hammer. Bete, to amend, to repair. AS. betan; as, "To bete t' fire " = To mend the fire by putting more fuel on. Comp. A.S. betan fyr, to mend or repair a fire, to light or make a fire, to kindle, Du. boeten het vyer. Bethink, v.i. to recollect. Better, v.t. to improve ; as, "He can't better hissel " = He cannot improve his present position. A. S. beterian, O.Fris. beteria, O.N. betra, emendo, Sw. battra, to amend, to improve. Betterin', n. an improving, amending, improvement. A.S. beterung, O.Fris. beteringe. Bettermer, adj. better. Betwattled, adj. confounded, stupi- fied, in a distressed and confused state of mind. Bevellin'. " He gev him a gud bevel- foV"=He gave him a good beating. Beyad (Pr. of bade), pret. of bide, to

abide, continue. Beyak, Pr. of bake. See Beak. Beyan, Pr. of bone. A.S. ban, O.N.

bein, M.G. bain, Dan. been. Bezzle, v.i. to drink hard, to tipple. Bib, v.i. to drink, to guzzle. Bicker, v.i. to use bitter words in con- tention. W. bicra, to fight, to skir- mish, to bicker. Bickerin[g], n. a using of bitter words in contention. W. bicre, a conflict, a bickering. Bid, v.t. to invite. O.N. bioda, Dan. byde, Sw. bjuda, N. bjoda, M.G. biudan, A.S. beddan, all meaning to bid, to invite ; Prov. Dan. e hele by er bo'den til cervol=t]ie whole town- ship is bidden to the Arval. Bidding -wedding, n. a wedding of poor persons, to which guests are specially invited, or bidden, and who are expected to contribute each an offering, which is received by the

bride, and the accumulated amount of which becomes the property of the newly-married pair, to aid them in their house-keeping.

Biddy, n. a louse.

Bide, v.t. and i. (1) to dwell, to remain, to abide. (2) To bear, to endure. A.S. bidan, to bide, abide, await, remain, tarry, expect, O.Fris. bidia, 0.~N.bi$a, to await or remain, S.G. bida, to remain, to stay, Sw. bida to stay, tarry, await, M.G. beidan, to look for, expect, W. bydiaw, to live at, dwell.

Bield. See Beeld.

Bieldy, adj. snug.

Bifoa, Pr. of befall.

Bifoan, Pr. of befallen.

Bigg, n. a species of barley, having four rows, O.N. bygg, hordeum vulgare, S.G. bjugg, barley, Dan. byg.

Bigg, v.t. to build. A.S. byggan, S.G. and Sw. bygga, instruere, Dan. bygge.

Biggin', n. a building. Lunesd. Sw. byggning, Dan. bygning.

Bijen, inter j. truly ! (By St. John.)

Bile, n. a boil. A.S. by I, O.Fris. beil.

Bilk, v.t. to cheat.

Bill, n. a bill-hook for hedging pur- poses. A.S. bill, S.G. bil, a hatchet.

Bills slins \ bar that shot (at marbles).

Bind, v.t. to bind ; pret. band, p.p. bund. AS. bindan, O.Fris. binda, O.N. binda, S.G. bifida, ligare, M.G. bin- dan, pret. band, pi. bundum.

Birk, n. a birch tree {Betula alba, Linn.). O.N. birk and bjork, betula, S.G. bjork, betulus, Sw. bjork, Dan. birk, A.S. byre.

Birl, v.a. to serve or pour out wine or other liquor at an entertainment. A.S, byrlian, to give to drink, to act as butler.

Birler, n. the master of the revels at a sale, or a bidding-wedding, whose duties it is to superintend the re- freshments, and birl out the wine or other drink. 0. N. byrlari, pincerna, a cup-bearer.

Birry, n. a gooseberry.

Birry-pie, n. gooseberry tart.

Bishop. Milk that is burned in the pan is said to be bishopped, or some- times that " the bishop has set his foot in it."

Bishopp'd poddish, porridge burnt in the pan.

BI

BL

Bisky, n. a biscuit.

Bit, n. (1) a bite. (2) Food. A.S. and O.Fris. bit, a bite.

Bite, n. the hold which the short end of a lever has upon the thing lifted. "A short bite," or "a long bite" also means a greater or lesser degree of length from the fulcrum.

Bite, v.i, to smart.

Bi t' mess, by the mass.

Bitter-sweet, n. a kind of apple, par- taking of the nature of a crab.

Blaa, v.i. to breathe. It is simply a a mode of Pr. of blow.

Blaa, n. bloom, blossom.

Blaan, p.p. blown, out of breath with exertion. A cow or beast is said to be blaan when suffering from the distention arising from the fermen- tation of green food, A.S. bldwan, p.p. of blaivan, to blow.

Blabber, v.i. to talk idly. O.N. blabbra, balbutire, Dan. blabbre, to babble.

Black, v.t. to scold, to vituperate.

Blackburn, n. a blackberry.

Black -clock, n. the common black beetle. O.H.G. chuleich, a beetle.

Black-frost, n. frost without rime.

Blackguard, n. a low, coarse, abusive person.

Blackguard, v.t. to vituperate in strong and not over choice terms.

Blacking, n. a scolding. See Black.

Black-leg, n. a disease amongst calves.

Black-ouzel, n. a blackbird. 0. N. blakkr, A.S. blac, black, and A.S. ode, an ousel, a blackbird.

Black-ox-trodden, adj. worn with age or care.

Black-puddings, n. puddings made of blood, suet, and groats stuffed into the intestines of pigs, aud which, when boiled, are quite black.

Blaebirry, n. the bilberry.

Blake, adj. (1) pale yellow. (2) Of a faded black colour. 0. N. bleikr, Dan. bleg, A.S. bide.

Blake, Pr. of bleak.

Blake, ) n. the yellow bunting, or

Blakeling, j yellow-hammer.

Blare, v.i. to roar, to bellow. Du. blaaren, to bellow.

Blast, n. A disruption of the rock, in mining or quarrying operations, by means of gunpowder, is called a blast.

Blate, Pr. of bleat.

3£££ | *• Blaebirry.

Blazing-star, n. a comet.

Blea, adj. livid, of a pale bluish colour. O.N. bldr, livid, S.G. bid, Dan. blaa, blue.

Bleaned, adj. half dried; of linen or clothes bleached or sweetened by hanging out.

Blear, Pr. of blare.

Bleared, adj. red and swollen about the eyes from the effects of crying.

Blear-ee'd, adj. red and swollen about the eyes.

Bleaw, Pr. of blew. Comp. bleow, pret. of A.S. bldwan, to blow.

Bleb, yi. a bubble, a blister, a blain.

Bleddher, Pr. of bladder.

Bledder, v.i. to cry aloud, to blubber.

Blend, v.t. to mix.

Bleumilk, n. skimmed milk,

Bleyam, Pr. of blame.

Blind, adj. abortive ; applied to nuts when without kernels, and to flowers and herbs when abortions.

Blink, v.t. (1) to evade, to shy. (2) v.i. to smile, to look kindly ; generally applied to females.

Blinkard, n. a nearsighted person.

Blinkers, n. pieces of leather attached to a horse's head-collar.

Blitely, Pr. of blithely. "She dud poo away rarely when she ligged herself blitely tull it" = She did pull away (rowed) famously when she applied herself freely to it. A.S. blvSlice, gladly, joyfully, willingly, Du. blijde- lijck, joyfully, gladly, or cheerfully, O.N. bW&liga, comiter, amice.

Bliw, Pr, of blue.

Bliw-caps, n. meadow scabious.

Bliw-milk. See Bleumilk.

Blob, n. a bubble, a blister.

Blobber, v.i. to cry.

Blood, v.t. to let blood, to bleed with a lancet. "He's been bloodirt him" = He has been taking blood from him.

Blooding, n. a bloodletting, a bleeding with a lancet.

Bloom, n. blossom of fruit trees.

Blotching-paper, n. blotting-paper.

Blother, v.i. to make a fuss and noise.

Blubber, v.i. to cry, to sob.

Bluddy-baiyans, Baa head an' bluddy-beyans, the name of a hob- goblin much feared by children.

Blud-steyan (Pr. of blood-stone), a green semi-transparent pebble, with red spots in it like blood spots. 9

BL

BO

Bludsucker, n. a leech. O.K blodsuga,

hirudo. Bluff, adj, (1) hearty, out spoken. (2)

Bather arrogant, self-confident. Blur, n. a blot, an imperfection. Bo, Pr. of ball. Bo, n. a hobgoblin. W. bo, a goblin, a

bugbear ; bw, fear, a bugbear. See

Boggart. Boal, v.i. to roar out, to bawl, to give

mouth. Boam, Pr. of balm. Bob, n. (1) a blow. (2) A bunch. Bob, v.t. (1) to fish. (2) To disappoint. Bobbersome, adj. saucy, forward, in

high spirits. Bobbery, n. a squabble, a tumult. Bobbin, n. a reel for thread. Du. bobyne,

Sw. bobin, Fr. bobine, a skein or hank

of thread. Bobbish, adj. brisk, pretty well in

health. Bobtail, v.t. to cut off the tail of a

horse. Bo'd, Pr. of bald. Boddum, Pr. of bottom. Boddumest, adj. lowest. Bodily, adv. excessively, entirely. Bodder, Pr. of bother, to perplex.

Comp. Gael, bodhair, to deafen, W.

bythario, to stun, Manx, boir, to

trouble, to disturb. Body, n. the middle aisle of the nave

of a church, or the nave itself. Boggart, n. an apparition, a hobgoblin.

W. bwg, a hobgoblin, biogwth, to

threaten or scare, Gael, bocan, a hob- goblin, a spectre, Manx, buggam, a

bugbear, a brownie, a scarecrow,

something -to frighten. Boggle, v.i. (1) to flinch, to start as a

horse does ; to hesitate ; to be afraid.

(2) v.i. To hide oneself through fear. Boggle, n. a scruple, a difficulty; as,

"He med a boggle about it"=He

made a scruple (or difficulty) of it. Boggy-bo, n. a goblin. W. bivg-bo, a

boggart, Gael, bo, an interjection to

excite terror in children. Bogie, n, a kind of cart with low wheels

and long shafts, used by masons to

move large stones. Boilin[g]. "T" heyal boilirC on 'em"

= The whole party. Boke, Pr. of balk. Bole, n. the body or trunk of a tree.

O.N. boir, truncus arboris, S.G. bol,

Sw. boll. 10

Bolster, n. the bed of a timber car- riage.

Bolt, v.t. (1) to dislodge a rabbit. (2) v.i. To run away.

Bone, v.t. to steal (cant term).

Bone-flower, n. the daisy. See Baiyan flower.

Bonnily, adv. prettily, nicely, satis- factorily.

Bonny, adj. pretty, nice, pleasing, fair.

Boo, Pr. of bough.

Booard, Pr. of board.

Booat, Pr. of boat.

Booing, 11. bleating, making a noise like cattle.

Book, ) Pr. of bulk, size, quantity ;

Bouk, ) as, " To be a gay book of an age"=To be considerably advanced in years.

Bookcraft, n. literature. A.S. boccraft.

Bool, n. (1) the handle of a basket, pan, milking can, etc. (2) A child's trundling hoop. W. bwl, a round hollow body, S.G, by gel, a bending, a rounding.

Booly, 11. a child's hoop.

Boon-days, n. (1) days when statute work on the highways is performed. (2) The days on which the tenants are bound, under the feudal system, to work for their lord gratis. O.N. b6n, an entreaty, a prayer. [From being originally a thing asked, boon seems to have come to signify, first, the same thing freely granted, and then exacted or enforced.]

Boon-plooing, n. a day's ploughing given by neighbouring farmers to a new comer who has lately entered on a farm. See Boon-days.

Boore, Pr. of bore.

Boose, n. a stall for cattle. A.S. bosg, bosig, O.N. bds, N.Fris. bosem.

Boosy, adj. intoxicated.

Boot, n. amends, compensation,. A.S. b6t, O.N. bot, satisfactio, reparatio, Manx, booit.

Boot, v. impers. to signify or matter, to profit, to reap advantage. Sw. bata, to boot, to profit, Du. boete, profit.

Bootlese-bene, n. unavailing prayer.

Bor (Pr. of bur), n. (1) the prickly seed of the burdock {Arctium lappa, Linn.). Comp. W. bor, a bunch of tuft, Gael. borr, a knob, S.G. borre, a thistle, N. Fris. borre, the burdock. (2) A halo round the moon.

Bordin, Pr. of burden.

BO

BR

Bord-cleyath, n. a table-cloth.

Born, Pr. of burn. "Born tha," an expression of displeasure.

Born-fool, n. an idiot.

Borrel, n. a heap or quantity ; as, " A borrel o' staiyans "=a heap of stones.

Borrowed-days, n. very fine days in early spring which follow a long season of bad weather, and which are generally followed by further bad weather.

Bortree, n. the elderberry tree.

Bortree-jack, n. elderberry wine.

Bosom, v.i. to eddy; said of the wind.

Bozon, Pr. of boatswain.

Boss, n. a protuberance.

Botch, v.t. to mend clumsily, to mis- manage. Sw, lota, to patch, Du. boetsel, mending, bettering, O.S. botian, O.H.G. buozen.

Botch, n. mismanagement.

Bots, n. a kind of worms troublesome to horses.

Bottle, n. a bundle of hay or straw. Er. ooteler, to bundle up, to make into bottles or bundles, from boteau, a bundle or bottle of hay.

Bottle-nose, n. a porpoise.

Bottle-up, v.t. to treasure up in one's memory.

Bought-breyad, n. baker's bread.

Bouk (Pr. of bolk), n. an eructation.

Bould, Pr. of bold.

Boulder, n. a hard stone rounded from attrition. Du. bollen, to roll.

Bonn, adj. ready to go, going, starting.

Bonn, adj. bound, under obligation.

Bout, n. (1) a contest, a struggle. (2) A turn or spell at anything ; as, "A drinking bout "= A set-to at drinking. (3) In ploughing, the distance from one side of a field to the other and back again.

Bout, adv. without, except. "Bout's beyar but it's easy," a proverbial phrase used by unmarried women in reference to a husband, meaning — If to be without is bare, it is easy.

Bow, v.t. to bend.

Bowk, v.t. to wash clothes in lye. Du. buycken.

Bowking-dub, n. a pool used for washing clothes in lye. Often found in homesteads in Lunesdale. There is one near Ravenscar farm. M. dhubbey, a pool.

Bowster, Pr. of bolster.

Bowt, Pr. of bought.

Box-and-dice, n. a game of hazard.

Bra', (pr. braw), n. the upper part of a bank or abrupt declivity, any broken ground above a descent.

Braal, Pr. of brawl.

Braan (pr. brah-an), n. a boar pig. See Brawn.

Brack, pret. of To break.

Brack, n. a break or precipitous rise in the level of the ground.

Brackens, n. ferns generally.

Brade, ) v.i. to resemble or approach

Braid, \ to likeness to a person or thing. An equivocation may be said to "brade on lying." Sw. bras, to be like, to resemble, O.N. bregma.

Brag, v.i. to boast.

Brag, n. an old game at cards.

Braid, v.t. to retch, to vomit.

Brake, n. a fern.

Branded, adj. mixed red and black. Applied to the colour of a beast, the hairs of the coat of which are of both colours thoroughly intermingled.

Brand-fire-new, adj. quite new.

Brandlin', n. a species of trout.

Brandling, n. a worm found in old manure or tanner's bark.

Brandreth, n. an iron tripod fixed over the fire, on which a pot or kettle is placed. A.S. brandred, a branding iron, a gridiron. [bread.

Brandy-snap, n. a brittle wafer ginger-

Brang, pret. of To bring.

Branlins, n. See Brandling.

Bran-new, ) adj. quite new. Du.

Bran-span-new, \ brandt-niew.

Brant, adj. steep, difficult of access. S.G. and Sw. brant, steep, O.N. brattr, N. bratt.

Brash, n. (1) a rush with great impetus into or against anything. (2) An impetuous person. (3) A rash or eruption. [This word is, it would seem, nearly related to breach, break. Comp. Brashment. Ed.]

Brash, n. a sudden rising of acid or acrid matter from the stomach into the mouth, as in heartburn. [O.E. braky n, " to caste or spewe." Pr. Sw. brdkka se, Dan. broekke sig, Germ. sich brechen, to be sick, to vomit. Ed.]

Brash, v.i. to run headlong at, to do anything hastily or rashly ; as, " I brashed at it "=I attacked it with a rush. Comp. W. brisiaw, to make haste, to hasten, Gael, bras, rash, impetous. See Brask, Brizz. 11

BR

BR

Brashment, n. refuse branches or boughs of fallen timber, fit only for firewood.

Brask, v.t. to do anything hastily or rashly. Comp. S.G. brask, to get up a disturbance, Sw. braska, to rustle, to bustle.

Brass, n. (1) copper coin. (2) Metaph., money generally ; as in the Roman ces, which from its primitive sense signi- fying copper, came to signify money, because the first coins were made of it. So of the Greek apyvpiov, silver generally, and thence money, cash.

Brast, pret. of To burst.

Brat, n. a pinafore or apron. W. brat, a piece, a clout, A.S. bratt, a cloak, Gael, brat, a mantle or covering.

Brave, adj. fine, good ; as, "It's been brave weddher fer t'harrest." Du. bref, gentle, handsome, Fr. brave, fine, gorgeous in apparel.

Bravely, adj. and adv. (1) well, in good health ; as, " How's t' wife ? " — "Bravely, thenk ya." (2) Capitally, exceUently. Comp. Du. braeflijck, handsomely.

Brawn, n. a boar. See Braan.

Bray, v.t. to pound, to beat, to thrash.

Bray, v.i. to cry.

Brazzen, adj. brazen, (metaph.) im- pudent.

Bread, n. Pr. of bread.

Bread-cratch. See Cratch.

Bream, Pr. of broom, the plant.

Breast-milk, n. the human mother's milk, as distinguished from the milk of animals. O.N. briosta mjolk.

Breathing-while, n. a time sufficient for drawing breath, any short period of time, in the way of an interval.

Breck, v.t. to break. Comp. S.G. brcecka. " To breck a matter up "= To tell out what had been kept secret.

Breck, n. (1) a breaking or fracture. (2) Metaph. a quarrel, commotion, or violent fracas, a rupture. W. breg, a rent or breach, Sw. brack, a rupture.

Breddher, Pr. of brother.

Brede, n. breadth. A.S. braid, Dan. brede, Du. breedte.

Breed on, v.i. to be like unto, to re- semble. See Brade or Braid.

Breet, Pr. of bright.

Brek. See Breck.

Bren, v.t. to burn. O.N. brenna, ardere, flagrare, S.G. braenna, and brinna, Sw. branna, to burn. 12

Brere, n. a briar. A.S. bra?r, brer.

Bresken up, v.i. to grow lively.

Brest, ) v.t. and i. (pret. brast, pp. '

Brust, ) brossen), to burst. O.N. bresta (pret. brast, p.p. brostinn), to burst, to break. S.G. brista.

Bretches, Pr. of breeches.

Breyad, Pr. of braid, the Northumb, form of broad. A.S. breed, O.N. breidr.

Breyad-band. A term applied to corn laid out in the field to dry, the bands of the sheaves having been loosed for the purpose.

Breyaden, v.t. to make wider.

Brez, v.t. to do anything energetically. "I brezzed away at it." W. brysiaw.

Brickie, adj. brittle.

Brid, n. a bird. A.S. brid, O.E. brydde.

Bridle-sty, n. a road for a horse only.

Brief, n. a petition.

Brig, n. a bridge. A.S. brig, O.N. bryggia, S.G. and Sw. brygga.

Briggs, n. an utensil usnd in brewing and in dairies to set the strainer on.

Brightsome, adj. bright.

Brimming, adj. applied to a sow when maris appetens.

Brindled, n. streaked, variously coloured.

Brisket, n. the cartilaginous part of the breast of a calf or other slain animal. W. brysced, Gael, brisgein, Pr. brechet.

Brissle, v.t. to scorch.

Briw, Pr. of brew.

Briwse, Pr. of bruise.

Briwt, Pr. of brute.

Broach, v.t. to tap. "Broach a cask or barrel."

Broasen, a form of the p.p. of brest or brust.

Brob, ) n. small bushy sticks or branches

Brog, ) of trees, used to mark the tithe stouks of corn or the lots of hay- grass when on sale, etc., or to pre- vent the netting of game. Also used to mark the passage across the sands of Morecambe Bay.

Brock, n. the cuckoo-spit insect. " To sweat like a brock " is a common simile applied to any one in a profuse state of perspiration.

Brock, n. a badger. W. broch, Gael. M. and A.S. broc, Dan. brok.

Broddle, v.t. to make a hole, or to goad.

Brokken, Pr. of broken. " It's nobbut brokken wed'Ser" = The weather is only showery, and so unfit for far1-1-

BR

Br-

ing operations, such as haymaking, reaping, ploughing, etc. Comp. Dan. brokken.

Brossen, p.p. of To brust.

Brott, n. short broken straws shaken out or separated from the larger and more useful straw. Comp. S.G. brot, a bursting asunder, A.S. ge-brotu, fragments.

Brotta, n. a few drops, a small quantity, a little in addition. " I'll tak a brotta meyar " = I will take a few drops [or a small piece] more.

Brown -leemers, n. ripe hazel-nuts, which, from being perfectly ripe, slip readily from their husks. See Leemers.

Browt, Pr. of brought.

Bruff, adj. blunt, consequential or rough in manners.

Bruffling-fellow, n. a blunt, conse- quential fellow.

Brunsel, v.i. to be pompous and as- suming.

Brush, n. thorns put upon the top of a wall.

Brush-harra, n. a bush-harrow.

Brussle, v.t. to scorch, to dry. "They wor brussling their shins befoor t' fire." Fr. brusler, to singe, to scoroh.

Brust. See Brest.

Brust, n. the breast. O.Fris. brust.

Buck. Said of the hare and rabbit when maris appetens.

Buckle to, v.t. (1) to marry. (2) To set to a thing. (3) To harness a horse to a carriage or cart.

Budge, v.i. to move off, generally un- willingly.

Buff, n. a ribbon or tape bow.

Buft, n. (1) the joint of the knee or elbow. (2) A ribbon bow. See Buff.

Bullace, ) n. a large sloe {Prunus insi-

Bullas, ] titia, Linn.). W. bwlas, winter sloes, bullace, Gael, bwlaistear.

Bull-finch, n. a name occasionally ap- plied to a chaffinch.

Bull-heeod, n. a tadpole.

Bull-jumpings, n. a kind of porridge.

Bull-neck. " To tumble bull-necks " == To place the head on the ground between the feet and tumble over.

Bulls, n. the transverse bars of wood into which the teeth of the harrows are set.

Bulls-and-Cows, n. the flower of the Arum maculatum.

Bull-seg, n. a bull castrated after having arrived at maturity.

Bull-spink, n. the chaffinch.

Bull-stang, n. the dragon fly.

Bully, n. the champion of a party, the the eldest male person of a family.

Bully-frog, n. a small fish, with a large head, found under stones in brooks ; the bull-head.

Bullyrag, v.t. to banter, to rally in a contemptous manner.

Bully-rags, n. a noisy boaster, a va- pouring fellow.

Bum, ) n. the follower or assist-

Bumbailly, ) ant of a sheriff's officer who gives bond to his superior for the due execution of his office. Hence he was called a bound-bailiff, and provincially a bund-bailly, a term contracted into bum-bailly to avoid the three consecutive consonants. (See Blackstone's Commentaries).

Bum-fiddle, n. a bass-viol.

Bummin', n. a humming. Du. bommen, to rumble a drum.

Bummle, v.i. to blunder.

Bummle-bee, n. a humble bee.

Bump, v.t. to beat.

Bump, n. a blow.

Bump, n. a bittern ; also the booming noise it makes. W. bwmpy gors, a bittern.

Bumping, adj. large.

Bumping, n. a mode of punishment at schools. See Bam.

Bumpy, adj. uneven.

Bund, pret. of To bind.

Bunden, adj. bound.

Bunnel, n. a dried hemp-stalk. " Pey streea 's allowed to be fodder, but hemp bunnels is good to nowt."

Burr, n. a halo round the moon.

Bush, n. the inner circle of the nave of a wheel that encloses the axle-tree.

Busk, n. (1) a bush. (2) A small piece of coppice wood. S.G. buske, under- wood, Sw. buske, Dan. busk, brush, shrub, Ital. bosco, Fr. bosquet, a thicket.

Busky, adj. woody, bushy. Lat. boscus.

Buss, n. a kiss. Comp. W . and Gael. bus, a lip, S.G. puss, osculum, Sw. puss, smack, kiss.

Bussert, Pr. of buzzard.

Butch, v.t. (1) to do the office of a butcher. (2) To follow the business of a butcher ; as, " He used to be a farmer, but he butches now." 13

BU

CA

Butter-and-bread. Instead of bread and butter, as in most other places ; as also " Cheese and bread."

Butter-fingert, adj. said of persons who are apt to let things fall.

Butter-keyak, n. a slice of bread and butter. "No, thank ya hes lost many a good butter-keyak."

Butter-mouthed, adj. said of persons who are afraid to speak out plainly.

Buttershag, n, a slice of bread and butter.

Butter-teeth, the two middle incisors in front of the upper jaw.

Buttery, n. (1) a pantry. (2) A dairy. Comp. Du. botteleyre, a buttery, a larder, W. bwtty, a buttery.

Butting, n. an abutting end of a fence.

Buttockt. "I buttockt him" = I threw him over my hip in wrestling.

Butts, n. (1) the headlands of a field. (2) Corners of the field.

Butty, n. (1) a companion, a friend. (2) An unfair player.

Buxom, adj. sprightly, blithe, active, good-humoured. A.S. bocswn, obe- dient. This word has evidently di- verged from its original meaning in this part of the country.

Buzz, v.t. to empty a bottle of wine in carousing.

Buzzard, n. (1) a moth. (2) A coward.

By, prep, of, or relating to. " I knaa nowt by him but weel."

By, n. a by place. "By or dark corner."

By far, adv. much.

By gog. A vulgar oath.

By Jen = By St. John.

By-neyam, n. a nickname, a soubriquet.

By- wipe, n. an indirect sarcasm.

&jpr-0fc0ld-

Caakered, adj. applied to clogs, or

wooden-soled shoes, and implying

shod with iron. Caakers, n. iron tippings at the toe

and heels of clogs. Comp. Lat. calcar,

the heel. Cabbage, n. the head (boy's term). Cabbish, Pr. of cabbage. Cackle, v.i. to babble. Du. kakelen, to

prate. Caddie, v.t. to attend officiously on

any person or thing. 14

Cade, n. an animal brought up by hand.

Caff, n. chaff. A.S. cef, Du. kaf.

Caffle, v.i. to cavil. O.N. kaf a, to scoff absurdly, Dan. ki&vle, to wrangle or squabble.

Caheeing, n. loud laughter.

Cail, n. a quay.

Cained, adj. having a white scum or filament at the top ; of liquid in the state called mothery.

Cale, v.t. to throw stones or sticks.

Call, n. a peculiar sighing in the air, apparently at a distance, and said to indicate an approaching storm.

Callet, n. a scold, a drab. Comp. Fin. kelitti, a tattler or babbler, N.Fr. caillette, a ninny, a noddy, Fin. keletin, lingua celere multum et vana loquor, blatero, N.Fr. cailletage, gossiping, idle talk.

Calletin, adj. pert, saucy, gossiping ; as, A calleting housewife = a regular confirmed scold.

Callierd, n. a hard stone.

Cam, n. (1) a ridge, hedge, or old earthen mound. (2) Top stones set at an angle of about forty-five de- grees on the top of a wall leaning against each other. A.S. camb, a crest.

Cam, Pr. of comb.

Cam, v.t. to comb.

Camerel, n. a gambrel, or crooked piece of wood used by butchers for hang- ing up and expanding the legs of a slaughtered animal. Gael, cam id., W. combren, crooked stick, horizontal piece of timber for hanging meat.

Camerel-houghs, n. the joints of the hind legs by which animals are hung by aid of the camerel.

Cample, v.i. to contend or argue per- tinaciously or saucily. Comp. A.S. and Du. campian, to fight, contest, Sw. kamp, conflict, contest, kampa, to contend.

Camstans, n. the stones which form the coping of a wall.

Can, n. a milk-pail.

Canker, n. rust.

Cankered, adj. ill-natured, peevish, cross, ill-conditioned.

Cannle, Pr. of candle.

Cannlemas, Pr. of Candlemas.

Canny, adj. pretty, good, neat, well- made, clever. It is used generally in a sense of commendation.

Cant, adj. pert or lively.

CA

CH

Cant, v.t. to set upon edge, to raise one end of a barrel so as to cause the contained liquid to run more freely. Du. cant, side, edge, Germ. kante, kanten, O.N. kanta, marginare, kantr, ora, latus, Sw. kanta, to border, to edge, Dan. kante.

Canty, adj. cheerful, chatty.

Cap, v.t. to overcome, to excel, to puzzle any one, to surprise. O.N. kappi, a champion, Dan. kappes, to enter into or be in a contention, kap, con- tention, Sw. kappi. See Cample, which is a cognate word.

Cap, v.t. to mend shoes at the toe, by putting a patch or quasi cap over them.

Caper- cousins. A term implying that those to whom it is applied are held to be intimate friends.

Cap-paper, n. a coarse and porous sort of light brownish paper.

Capper, n. (1) a person or thing that excels. (2) A feat not to be sur- passed. See Cap. O.N. kappi, heros, athleta, Dan. kappes, to vie with.

Capple, v.t. to patch shoes on the upper leather.

Caps, n. the hoodsheaves of corn-shocks.

Caps and Sheds. " It caps and sheds all ; " i.e. it exceeds anything very much.

Capt, adj. to be set fast, to be in a difficulty, or overcome in an argu- ment.

Car, n. a species of gig to hold four persons, who sit sideways.

Carder, n. a card-player.

Carding, n. playing at cards.

Cark, n. care, anxiety. Comp. A.S., W., and Gael, care, Fin. karkia, harsh to the palate or touch.

Carp, v.i. to call in question with small reason. Cf. O.N. karpa, to snarl at.

Carr, n. a swampy field. O.N. kjorr, ker, a marsh, a piece of marshy land, S.G. kcerr, id., N. kjerr, Dan. kcer.

Carren, Pr. of carrion.

Carriage-silver, n. a rent paid in Cart- mel before land was enfranchised in lieu of carrying-service due to the Lord of the Manor.

Cart- heck, n. the moveable part which closes the back of a cart.

Cart-reyack, n. the ruts or traces made by a cart's wheels.

Cart-saddle,

the saddle which is

placed on the shaft-horse of a team.

Case, v.t. to skin an animal.

Cassen, p.p. of to cast. See Kessen.

Cast, v.t. (1) to throw down ; as, " To cast a horse," to throw him down, for any purpose for which the animal is required to be in a lying position. (2) To drop its young prematurely ; of a cow, mare, etc. (3) To add up a sum.

Cast, p.p. of To cast. (1) Warped, bent, twisted from a rectilinear form. (2) Thrown down and unable to rise again ; of sheep especially, but also of other animals.

Cat, n. a small wooden ball used in the game of Bandy-cat.

Catcht, p.p. of To catch.

Catchwater, n. a species of drain or cut.

Cater, adj. affable, on good terms with one's companions.

Cat-gallows, n. a boy's game, consist- ing of jumping over a stick laid hori- zontally on two others set upright in the ground.

Catmallison, n. a cupboard round the chimney in farm houses.

Catterwauling, n. courting, or rather rambling and intriguing in the night.

Catty, n. (1) the game of Bandy-cat. (2) A crooked stick used to strike the knor with in the game of Catty or Bandy.

Causey, n. a causeway.

Caw, n. a rocky cliff inhabited by jackdaws, as 'kthe Caws" in Dunner- dale fells.

Cawn, p.p. of To call.

Cep. See Kep.

Cess, n. a projection; as, "Cess of a cop or fence."

Chae, Pr. of chew.

Chaff, v.t. to irritate by provoking words.

Chaffs, n. jaws, chops. [Dan. kj&ve : note the difference between Dan. kjaft, O.N. kjaft, kjapt, Sw. kaft, and kjceve, as illustrated in en kjaft har to kjcever : one mouth has two chaffs. Ed.]

Chalk- white, adj. quite white.

Challenge, v.i. When hounds first find scent and give tongue they are said to challenge.

Chammer-lye, n. fetid or stale urine.

Chance-barn, ) bastard

Chance-child, } n' a ba&tarcL

Chang, n. a ringing noise, as the musi- cal barking of a pack of hounds. 15

CH

CH

Chap, n (1) a customer ; one willing to buy anything you have to sell. [O.N. kaupi, Sw. kopare, Dan. kjdber, Prov. Sw. ko'pe, a purchaser, buyer. The O.N. and Prov. Sw. words are nearly approached by this form. Ed.]

Chap, n. (1) a general term for a man. "Niwer ye mind that chap." (2) A woman's lover or husband. [O.N. kjaptr, Dan. kjceft, Du. kaft, a jaw, chap. Comp. the Dan. and Prov. Sw. idioms depending on the same application of the word ; as, ikke en kjaft, never a person ; hvor evige kaft, every individual soul ; hii f amis infn kaft hajm, there wasn't a soul to be found in the house. Ed.]

Char, v.i. to mumble and grumble, to mutter in a discontented way, to chide.

Char, v.i. to work at occasional jobs.

Chass, Pr. of chase.

Chatter, v.t. to tear, to make ragged, to bruise.

Chatter-basket, ) n. an incessant

Chatter-box, ] talker.

Chattered, p.p. bruised.

Chatter-pooak, n. a noisy prating fellow.

Chats, n. small refuse sticks that have fallen from trees ; also the catkins of maple and other trees. Comp. Fr. chattons, the catkins of nut-trees.

Chaw, Corr. of chew.

Chean, Pr. of chain.

Cheaz, Pr. of chose.

Checks, ) n. a game played by

Checkstone, ) children with round small pebbles or knuckle bones.

Cheeks. See Door-cheeks.

Chennel, Pr. of channel.

Chepster, n. a starling.

Cherry, adj. ruddy.

Chesfat, n. a machine in which the whey is pressed from the curd in making cheese. A.S. cysefat, N.Fris. ■fat, a vat or barrel, O.N. fat, vas, cujuscunque generis, Sw. fat.

Chesput, Corr. of chesfat.

Chig, ) v.t. to chew. Comp. M.

Chiggle, ] chaign, did chew, O.N. tyggja, mandere, manducare, Dan. tygge, to chew, to masticate.

Childer, n. children.

Chill, n. a cold taken.

Chirp, v.i. to chirp as young chickens do.

Chimley, Corr. of chimney.

Chin-clout, n. a sort of muffler. 16

Chincough, n. the hooping-cough. Chine, n. the backbone or spine of an

animal. W. cefn, Breton, kein, back,

N.Fr. echine, chine. Chip, v.i. to trip or strike one's foot

against some obstacle in walking.

Connected with Sc. chap, to strike. Chip, v.i. to break or crack. An egg is

said to chip when the young bird

cracks the shell. Du. kippen, to

hatch or disclose the young bird. Chirp-up, v.i. to cheer up, to recover

from a state of sickness. Chist, Corr. of chest. Comp. Gael.

ciste, M. chishtey. Chit, n. a forward child. Chit, chit ! interj. a call to a cat. W.

titu, puss, cat (in fondling language) . Chitter, v.i. to chirp. Chitterlings, n. part of the giblets of

a goose. Chitty-beam, ) n. the piece of timber Chitty-balk, ] which binds together

the principal posts in a roof. Chitty-feyaced, adj. baby-faced. Chizel, ) v.t. to cheat, to overreach, to Chizzle, ) overcome. Choomer, Pr. of chamber. Chock, n. a piece of wood. Chock, adv. completely ; as, " Chock

full, full up to the very top. Swab.

schoch, a heap, g'schochet voll, full

to overflowing, heaped measures.

(Wedgw.) Chop, v.t. to exchange or barter. Chopped, adj. frost-bitten ; of the

skin when cracked by exposure to

frost. Chops, n. the face about the jaws. Chowl, 11. a jaw. Chownder, v.i. to grumble long, angrily

and unpleasantly. Chozsen, chosen. Chub, v.t. to throw.

Chuck, | ii. a hen ; a word to call Chuckie, ) hens ; a term of endear- ment. Chuckers, n. pieces of lead used to

play at pitch and toss with. Chuckle-headed, adj. stupid, thick- headed. Chulling, ii. a state of exhaustion ;

applied to sheep after long and vain

struggling. Church-town, a village near the church.

The town of Cartmel was formerly

called Church - town, or Cartmel

Church-town.

CH

CL

Churn-milk, n. butter-milk. Du. kerne- rnelch.

Churring, n. the noise made by a partridge at rising.

Cinder, v.i. anything having the pro- perty of binding or uniting itself by the application of heat is said to cinder.

Cinder-peat, n. a, peat or turf of a grey colour.

Ciss, n. the herb cicely or whiteweed.

Civil-will. See All-in-the-well.

Claa (Pr. of to claw), v.t. to scratch.

Clack, n. noisy prate, a woman's tongue.

Clack, v.i. to prate noisily. O.N. Haka, garrire, clangere.

Clag, v.t. to stick, to adhere as clay does. A.S. cloeg, clay, Dan. Hceg, loam. Manx, slaghagh, how miry.

Claggy, adj. miry, sticky, glutinous. See Clag.

Clake (a as in father), v.t. to scratch.

Clam, v.i. to starve for want of food, to be very thirsty. Dan. clemme, to pinch, O.N. klemma, to contract, Goth, klammen, to pinch.

Clam, pret. of To climb.

Clam, n. clamminess, any adhesive, vis- cous matter.

Clam, n. a kind of shell-fish.

Clame, v.t. to apply paste, to smear any glutinous matter, over paper or other object.

Clame up, v.t. to paste or stick up, as an advertisement or handbill.

Clammersome, adj. clamorous.

Clamper, v.i. to tread heavily, making a great noise in so doing. Sw. Mam- pig, clumsy.

Clamps, n. pieces of iron at the end of a fire-place, andirons.

Clannish, adj. with a strong attach- ment to one's own blood or party. Gael, clann, offspring, children.

Clap, v.i. to sit or squat down ; as, "Clap ye down theyar" = Sit down, or take a seat, there; "T' yaare clapp't "=--The hare sat down.

Clap, v.t. to pat. O.N. klappa, to stroke, touch softly, to caress.

Clap, ) n. cow's dung. W. clap, a

Cow-clap, ) round piece, clapio, to make a lump.

Clap-benny, an action taught to in- fants yet in their nurse's arms, to clap their hands as the only means they have of saying their prayers.

Clap-breead, n. cake made of oatmeal, c

rolled thin and baked hard. Dan.

klappebrod, thin cakes beaten with

the hand. Clapper, n. the tongue — especially

when too voluble. Clapping-post, n. the smaller of a

pair of gate-posts, against which the

gate closes. Clart, v.t. to daub, to besmear. Clarty, &dj. daubed, besmeared, miry,

slippery, sticky. Comp. S.G. lort, filth. Clash, v. t. to throw anything carelessly

down, or bang it about. Clashy, adj. wet, sloppy. Clat, v. t. to tattle, to tell tales. Clat, n. a tell-tale. Clatch, n. a brood of chickens. DaD.

klekke, to hatch, O.N. klekja. Clate (a as in father), n. tiresome prate. Clatter, n. noise, idle talk. A.S. clat-

rung, anything that makes a noise,

Gael, gleadhraich, loud noise, rattling. Clatterin', n. the act of making a noise,

Comp. Gael, gleadhran, a rattle. Clauw, n. a flood-gate in a watercourse.

W. clwdd, a dyke, an embankment ;

Lat. claudo. Clavver, ) v.i. to climb, clamber. Dan. Clevver, ) Havre, to clamber, scramble. Clavver, Pr. of clover. Du. Haver,

three-leafed grass, clover, Fris. Haver. Claw ho'd, v.t. to seize or snatch. Clea, Pr. of claw. Comp. A.S. clea or

cleo, N. Fris. He. Clean oneself: To wash, dress, and

arrange one's toilet. Clean, adv. entirely ; as, " to abolish

clean? Cleaning n. the after-birth of a cow.

A.S. clcensung, a cleansing, purifi- cation. Cleat (Pr. of cleat), n. a piece of

wood attached to another piece to

strengthen it ; also a piece of iron

worn on shoes by country people. Cleath, Pr. of cloth. Cleave (Pr. of cleave), pret. cleyov;

pp. clown. decking, n. a chicken newly-hatched ;

as, "As leet as a decking" = as light

as a chicken. decking, adj. said of a she-fox when

maris appetens. Cleg, v. to cling, to climb. Cleg, n. the horse-fly (CEstrus equi.

Linn.). Dan. Hceg. Cleugh, n. a rocky glen ; sounded

strongly guttural. See Heugh. 17

CL

CL

Cleverboots, n. a clever person, gene- rally in a satirical sense.

Clue ' \ n' a ka^ °^ thread or worsted.

Cleyath. See Cleath.

Cleyathe, Pr. of clothe.

Cleyaz, Pr. of clothes.

Click, v.t. to snatch or seize hastily.

Click, n. a blow.

Clicketting, adj. : applied to a fox

when maris appetens. Cllm, v.t. and *. to climb ; pret. clam,

pi. clum, p.p. clom. A.S. climban,

pret. clamb, pi. clumbon, p.p. clomben.

Du. Mimmen, pret. eta or cfoa Climmer, %. a climber. Clinch, v.t. to confirm an improbable

story by a bold statement, possibly a

false one. Clink, ) n. a hard blow. Du. Minche,

Clinker, j a box on the ears.

Clinker, n. a bad sort of coal.

Clinks, ) n. crevices amongst the bare

Clints, } rocks of a limestone moun- tain. Comp. S.G. and Sw. Mint, top of a mountain, a rock, Dan. Mint, a cliff.

Clip, v.t. to shear sheep, to cut with scissors. S.G, Mippa, Dan. Mippe, to clip or cut.

Clip, v.t. to clasp close, to embrace. A.S. clyppan, to clasp, to embrace. (2) To hold together by means of a screw, or an instrument called a clip.

Clip, n. an instrument or article em- ployed to hold things together, as, " a letter-clip."

Clipp'd and heeled. " Ready clipped and heeled" = prepared to fight, like a cock when about to be set fighting.

Clish, )

Clish-ma- clash, > n. idle discourse.

Clit-clat, )

Clit-clat, n. a great talker, a tell-tale, a blab.

Clitter- clatter, n. a great noise.

Clo, n. a claw or talon, nail of the hand or foot. O.N. Mo, S.G. Sw. and Dan. Mo, a claw.

Clo, v.t. to scratch. O.N. hid, fricare, S.G. and Sw. Ma, Dan. Moe, to scratch, claw.

Clock, n. a general name for a beetle. 0. H. G. chuleich, scarabasus. See Black-clock.

Clock, n. the downy head of the dande- lion when in seed. [Probably due to the children's amusement of blowing 18

off the seed to see what o'clock it is, the number of puffs required being taken to indicate the hour. Ed.].

Clock, v.i. to make the noise a hen does when about to sit. A.S. cloccan, to cluck, "W. clocian, to cluck as a hen.

Clock, ) n. the clucking of a hen or

Clockin', ) noise made by her when she wants to sit.

Clock-hen, n. a clucking hen. Du. Mock-henne.

Clod, v.t. to throw stones. A.S. clud, a stone, Gael, clod, to pelt with clods.

Clogs, n. a sort of shoes ; the upper part composed of strong leather, and the sole of wood.

Clog-wheels, n. wheels formerly in use, made all in one piece, and not run- ning round the axletree.

Cloo, n. See Clough.

Clooas (Pr. of close), adj. secret, re- served, selfish.

Clot-head, n. a blockhead. Dan. Mods, a log or block ; hence, fig. a lout, a loggerhead.

Clott'red, adj. clotted, coagulated. Du. Moteren, to curdle, or grow thick.

Clough (Pr. Cloo), n. a ravine or narrow glen, a cleft in the side of a hill ; as in "Windy clough;" "a girt ugly clough." A.S. clough.

Clout, n. (1) a speck, pa^ch, a rag, a piece or fragment. (2) A piece of cloth. (3) A heavy blow. W. clwt, A.S. clut, Gael, clud, M. clooidor, glooid, O.N. Mutr, pannus, S.G. Mut, Sw. and Dan. Mut.

Clout, v.t. to beat, to give a blow.

Clovv'n, Pr. of cloven.

Clow, n. a floodgate. See Clauw.

Cludder, ) v.t. (1) to pile up into heaps.

Clutter, ) W. cludeiriaw, to pile up, cinder, a heap of anything, (2) v.i. "To cludder togither"=To get to- gether in a heap.

Cludder, n. a heap ; as, " 0' of a cludder" = All of a heap.

Cludderin', n. a going together into heaps.

Clum {pret. pi. of Clftn). See Cllm.

Clump, n. a lump, a mass. S.G. Mump, massa.

Clunter, v.i. to walk clumsily. Du. Monteren, to become lumpy.

Cluntering, adj. clumsy ; noisy : —

" My buckskin britches I put on, My clunterinig) clogs to seyav my shoon."

—Old Ditty.

CL

CO

Clutter, v.i. to come in a hasty or con- fused manner.

^jpr.ofcall.

Co, v.t. (1) to abuse by calling names. Comp. O.N. kallsa, vituperare, calum- niari, contumeliose loqui de aliquo. (2) To proclaim or give notice by the public crier, or by an auctioneer at a sale.

Coaf (Pr. of calf), pi. coaves.

Coaf-licked, adj. having a tuft of hair on the forehead which cannot be made to lie in the same direction as the rest.

Coaken, v.i. to strain in vomiting ; to make the noise a person does when choking.

Coaley (Pr. of colley), n. a species of cur famous for its sagacity.

Coant, Pr. of cannot.

Coave, Pr. of calve.

Cob, n. (1) a small round loaf, a lump or piece. (2) A leader or chief, the bully or best fighter in a parish or school.

Cob, v.t. to beat or surpass, also to pull the hair. W. cobiaw, to beat, to thump, to form a top or tuft. To cob over a person, is to crow over him.

Cobble, n. a loose round stone.

Cobble, v.t. to pelt with stones (derived from the noun in the same manner as "to stone" is from "stone," n.).

Cobby, adj. (1) brisk, lively, in high spirits. (2) Tyrannical, set up, proud.

Cob-coals, n. large pit coals.

Cock-booat, n. a small boat attached to a ship or vessel. W. cwch, any round vessel, a boat, S.G. kogg, a species of boat in use formerly, Du. kogg he.

Cock-caling, n. a barbarous custom of throwing stones at cocks at Shrove- tide.

Cocker, v.t. to indulge, to spoil.

Cocker, n. a cock-fighter, a feeder of fighting-cocks.

Cockety, adj. lively, vivacious, pert. Comp. Dan. kjcek, hardy, pert, Germ. keck, A.S. cue, cucen, alive, quick.

Cockins, n. cock-fighting (obsolete).

Cockle, v.i. to be unsteady and easily shaken.

Cockle, v.i. to wrinkle.

Cockier, n. a gatherer of cockles.

Cockles, n. a name for the plant darnel. At a certain stage of its growth it is

said to be cockled ; that is, when the seed-vessels are formed or forming — in the vernacular, when it "shapes for seed." A.S. coccel, M. yn choggyl.

CocHeyf ' j ad^ UIlsteady-

Cocklin(g), part, gathering cockles.

Cockloft, n. a garret.

Cock-o'-my-thumb, n. a little diminu- tive person.

Cock-o'-th'-middin, n. a presumptuous fellow in his own circle.

Cock-penny, n. a customary payment formerly made to masters of schools at Shrovetide.

Cocks, To fight, is a children's game, played with the tough tufted stems of the ribwort plantain. One holds a stem, and the other strikes on it with another, the object being to strike off the seed-head of the an- tagonist's stem. [The prov. Sw. name for the plant itself is kampar (champions), from a like use of the seed-stems. Dean Eietz, the author of a most admirable Prov. Sw. Glos- sary, just published, states, in a private letter to the editor, that he has met with a Prov. E. kemps, with like meaning. The 1ST. name also for the plant is kjempe or kampe-grces. Ed.]

Cock-web, n. a cob-web.

Cod, n. a pod, as a pey- or peis-coa?, a pea-pod. A.S. codd, a small bag, W. cod, a bag or pouch.

Coddle, v.t. to embrace, Corr. of cuddle.

Coddle, v.t. to indulge or spoil with warmth, to parboil.

Cogglin-bone, n. the hip-bone of a cow or bullock, from which steaks are cut. O.N. koggul, a knuckle or joint.

Coids, Pr. of quoits.

Coil, n. noise, tumult.

Coke, n. (1) the core of an apple. (2) The interior or core-part of a horn, the pith of wood, etc.

Cold-fire, n. fuel duly placed in a grate, and made ready for lighting.

Collier, n. a preparer or maker of char- coal in coppice wood, a charcoal- burner.

Collogue, v.i. to confederate together, generally for an unlawful purpose, to converse secretly. N.Fr. colloque, a colloquy, conference.

Collop, n. a rasher of bacon, a slice of flesh. O.Fr. colp, to cut off. To 19

CO

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cut to collops is to inflict a violent castigation with whip or cane. But comp. S.G. kollops, edulii genus, confectum ex carnis segmentis, Sw. kollops, slices of beef stewed.

Collop-Monday : the name applied to the Monday before Shrove-Tuesday, on which it is usual for the children of the poor to go from house to house to beg collops of their richer neighbours.

Com, pret. of come.

Com, n. a clay marble. W. com, a curve, a round.

Come. " It will be ten years come August "= It will be ten years when August has arrived.

Come-back, n. a name given to the guinea fowl, from its common cry, which sounds like the words " Come back."

Corned, pret. of To come.

Come-in, v.i. to surrender, yield.

Come-on, v.i. (1) to grow, to improve. (2) To succeed, to follow.

Come-over, v.i. to cajole.

Come-thy-ways, n. come forward, gene- rally spoken with kindness. "Go your ways ; " a mode of dismissal.

Comical, adj. ill-tempered.

Coming-round, n. the act of recover- ing from sickness, or of returning to friendly feelings.

Comins, n. the sprouts formed by barley in process of fermentation for malt. (Isl. keima, germinare. Jamie- son.)

Commoney, n. the most common kind of clay marble. (Boys' term.)

Con, Pr. of can.

Con, v.t. to learn, to know. A.S. con- nan, to know.

Con, v.t. to ply, or study diligently ; of a task or lesson.

Con, n. a squirrel. Cf. W. cont, a tail.

Confloption, n. confusion.

Conivers, n. the kidneys of a beast. [A curious form. Comp. Germ. nieren, the kidneys, O.N. nyra, Sw. njure, Dan. nyre, Clevel. inear, Crav. neer, Northumb. ear. Ed.].

Connily, adv. adroitly, j>rettily.

Conny, adj. (1) pretty. (2) Used as an augmentative ; as, " a conny lot " = a considerable quantity.

Consait, v.i. to think or suppose, to imagine, to suspect. Corr. of con- ceit.

20

Consait, n. (1) a fancy or opinion. (2) Good opinion. (3) An ingenious device.

Consarn, Corr. of concern.

Const er, Pr. of construe.

Contrairy, v.t.to go against, vex, oppose.

Cony, n. a rabbit.

Cony-garth, n. a rabbit-warren.

Cooach, Pr. of coach.

Cooal, Pr. of coal.

Cooam, Pr. of comb.

Cooarse, Pr. of coarse or course.

Cooats (Pr. of coats), n. petticoats. Gael, cota, a petticoat.

Cook, v.t. to disappoint, to punish.

Coom, n. a confined valley. W. cwm, a valley or dale. Black Coom, a moun- tain in Cumberland, which, however, may take its name from a deep hol- low in its east side.

Coop, n. a hollow vessel made of twigs for taking eels.

Coop. Come up ! addressed to horses.

Coort, Pr. of court, a yard.

Coot, n. the water-hen.

Cooter, Pr. of coulter.

Cooth, n. a cold caught by a cow or horse. [Cf. A.S. co% disease. Ed.].

Cop, v.i. (1) to be saucy. (2) v.t. "To cop up a fence "= To set up a fence.

Cop, n. (1) a mound or bank. (2) The raised earthen part of a fence in which the thorns are planted. (3) The top or summit. W. copa, the top of anything, the summit, AS. cop or copp, O.Fris. hop, koff, Du. kop.

Coping, n. the stone covering or upper- most course of a wall.

Copped. See Copt.

Coppet, adj. saucy, impudent.

Coppy, ) n. a small stool, generally a

Copy, \ three-legged one.

Coppy, n. a coppice.

Copt, adj. (1) convex. (2) Set up, filled with conceit. A young person who gives himself the airs of an older or grown up one is called Copt. Comp. Du. koppign, self-willed, Fin. kopia, set up, arrogant, whence also kopeus, pride, conceit, and kopeen, to be con- ceited, or set up.

Copy, n. a walled inclosure in which a bull is kept.

Cordwainer, n. a shoemaker.

Corf, n. (1) a basket for raising coals from the pit. (2) A kind of basket used by fisherman. Du. korf, a basket or pannier, O.N. karfa, korf, Sw. korg, a basket, Dan. kurv.

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CR

Corker, n. (1) anything large. (2) A poser, a silencer. Du. caulker.

Corlew, Pr. of curlew. Cf. N.Fr. corlieu.

Corley, Pr. of curly.

Corn, n. oats. " He can't carry corn " is an expression applied to one who is too much elated by prosperity.

Cornish, Pr. of cornice. Comp. N.Fr. corniche.

Corran-berries, ) w. currants, red, white,

Corrans, ] or black.

Corri-cooam, Pr. of curry-comb.

Corse, Pr. of curse.

Cortens, n. curtains, hangings. W. cor- tyn, M. gurtan.

Cot, n. a man who interferes in the kitchen, a molly-coddle. Fin. kotinen (from kota, domus vilior), domestic.

Cote, n. (1) a village, an isolated farm- house ; as, Beaument-cote, Roose-cote, etc. (2) A small building set apart for any special purpose ; as, Peat- cote, a house or place to put peat or turf in ; Salt-cote, a place where salt was wont to be made on the sea- shore. A.S. c6te, a house or cottage, S.G. hate, /cote, a hut or cottage, Fin. kota, Jcoti, an abode, place of residence.

Cotter, v.i. to become entangled.

Cottered, adj. (1) entangled. (2) Co- agulated.

Cotterel, n. (1) a small iron wedge for securing a bolt. (2) The small round iron plate between the nut of a screw and the wood to which it is screwed.

Cotton, v.t. (1) to beat or thrash. (2) v.i. To assent or agree to.

Cou', )v.t. (1) to rake or scrape to-

Coul, ) gether, as dirt or dung in cow-houses. (2) To clean roads by scraping them.

Coud, Pr. of cold.

Coul-rayack, ) n. a scraper for scraping

Cou'-rak, ) roads or a cow-house.

Coup, n. a dung-cart, a small cart.

Coup, v.t. to exchange. Goth, kaupon, O.N. kaupa, mercari, emere, Sw. kopa, to purchase.

Coup-cart, n. a dung-cart, a small cart.

Coupraise, v.t. to raise by levers or wedges.

Cow, v.t. (1) to intimidate. (2) To

keep in subjection. Cow-clap, n. cow-dung. Cowed, adj. a cow without horns is

called cowed.

Cowed, adj. intimidated, reduced to

submission. Cower, v.i. to stoop low, to crouch

down by bending the hams. Comp.

Fin. kowerran, to bend or bow. Cowert, Pr. of coward Cow-gripe, n. a gutter in a cow-stall

to carry off the drainage. Cowl. See Cou'. Cow-lady, n. the lady-bird. Cow-quake, n. damp, cold weather in

spring. Cow-scarn, ) n. cow-dung. O.N. skarn, Cow-sharn, \ dung.

Cowt, n. a colt. To "shoe the cowt" is a quaint expression for the de- manding of a contribution from a person on his first introduction to any office or employment.

Cow- tee, Pr. of cow-tie, a strong rope used to fasten the cow's hind legs while milking.

Coz, Corr. of because.

Craa, Pr. of crow, as a cock does.

Craa, Pr. of craw.

Craa, n. a crow, a rook. AS. craw, Du. kraye.

Craa-feet, Pr. of crow-feet, wild hya- cinths.

Craal, Pr. of crawl.

Craam, n. an instrument with three curved prongs, used by cocklers to take cockles with. Du. kramme, a hook, grapple, or crook.

Crab, n. a potato-apple.

Crack, v.i. to boast.

Crack, v.t. to curdle.

Crack-brained, adj. flighty.

Cracked, adj. crazy.

Cracker, n. a small water-biscuil

Cracks, n. (1) an act of superiority. " I'll set you your cracks." (2) Any- thing to boast of. " He's neya girt cracks" '= He is nothing to boast of.

Cradda, n. any lean animal. Gael. craidhneach, a skeleton, a meagre- looking person, a lean, gaunt figure.

Craftly, adv. knowingly, prudently.

Crafty, adj, (1) skilful, ingenious ; of persons. (2) Skilfully made ; of things.

Crag, n. a rough steep rock, as Warton Crag (S.L.), or Dhu Crag (N.L.). W. craig, Gael, creag, cragan, a little rock, M. creg.

Cram, n. a lump of food.

21

CB,

CU

Cramlble, v.i. to hobble or creep.

Crambly, ) adj. and adv. lame, stiff,

Crammelly, j moving with difficulty ; awkwardly. " T' horse nobbut gaaes crammelly this morninV'

Cramd, adj. ill-tempered, crusty.

Crammle, v.i. to crawl on the hands and knees. [pucker.

Cramp, v.t. to contract, crumple, or

Crancn, n. (1) a great eater of unripe fruit. (2) Unripe fruit.

Crancn, v.t. to grind between the teeth, to crush any gritty substance.

Cranky, adj. ailing, sickly. Du. kranck, sick, A.S. crane, weak, near death, O.N. krdnlcr, S.G. kranck, Sw. krank, sick.

Cratch, n. (1) a kind of barred wooden frame, upon which sheep are shorn, pigs killed, etc. (2) A frame strung with cords and suspended horizon- tally below the ceiling to hang riddle- bread on. See Fleak.

Crayed, adj. foolish, insane.

Creak, Pr. of crook.

Cream, v.i. to froth or curdle.

Crean, v.i. to bellow and make a noise, as a bull. Du. kreunen, to complain or moan. Probably a mere phonetic form of Croon.

Creaw, did crow, pret. of To crow.

Cree, v.t. (1) to knock off the beard of barley with an iron instrument made for the purpose. (2) To seethe, to steep in warm or hot water.

Creecny, adj. sickly, ailing.

Creel, n. (1) a frame to wind yarn upon. (2) A fisherman's basket. (3) A barred stool on which sheep are salved and clipped, pigs are killed, etc. Du. kriel, a basket used by fisher- men to carry fish in on their backs.

Creeper, n. a louse. A.S. creopere, a creeper, a reptile.

Creepings. "I'll gi tha t' creepi?is"— I'll make thee tremble or shiver.

Cremp, adj. hard, brittle, crumbling ; as bread or cake of that quality.

Crewds, n. the measles.

Crewel, v.t. to cover a ball or other object with particoloured worsted worked in a peculiar manner.

Cried-down, adj. reprobated ; " Cried up and cried down."

Cried-up, adj. much praised.

Cring'l-crang'l, "1

Crinkle-crankle, Vadv. zigzag.

Crinklety-cranklety, J 22

Crinkle, v.t. (1) to rumple or crease up. (2) To bend under a weight. (3) v.i. To recede or shrink from a promise or purpose. Comp. Du. krinkelen, to bend, to wrinkle, O.N. kringil-yrdi, a shuffling, a beating about the bush, S.G. krongla, to go round about, to shuffle.

Crippan, n. a crupper.

Crob over, v.i. to tyrannize.

Crock, n. an old ewe.

Crock, v.i. to set up the back.

Crone-berries, n. whortle-berries.

Croodle, v.i. to crouch, to cower ; a phonetic form of Cruddle.

Crook, n. a chain ending in a hook or hooks, in a chimney, for hanging pans, etc. on.

Croon, v.i. to roar or bellow, as cattle.

Crope, pret. of To creep.

Croppen, p.p. of To creep.

Cross-bated, adj. chequered.

Cross-buttock, v.t. to get an opponent, in wrestling, into such a position as to be able to throw him over the hip.

Cross-buttock, n. "To give one a cross- buttock " is to treat him as above.

Cross-the-buckle, n. a peculiar and difficult step in rustic dancing.

Cross-vein, n. one vein of ore crossing another at right angles.

Croup, n. a disease in poultry.

Crow, n. an iron gavelock, or small bar for leverage purposes.

Crowd, n. a fiddle.

Crownation, Corr. of coronation.

Crowner, Corr. of coroner.

Crown-post, n. in building, the princi- pal post that stands upright between the principal rafters.

Crud, n. curd ; by metathesis.

Cruddle, v.i. (1) to curdle, to coagu- late. (2) To crouch down.

Cruel, used as an augmentative ; as, "Ow^fine," "Cruel smart," etc.

Crake, n. (1) a crook. (2) A bill-hook. A.S. cruc, a crook, W. crwg, a crook suspended to a crane over the fire for hanging kettles and pans upon.

Craken, v.t. to bend, to turn anything out of a right line.

Crumpled, adj. twisted, crooked.

Cramply, adj. wrinkled.

Crunch, v.t. to crush.

Crapple, Pr. of cripple.

Cubbert, Pr. of cupboard.

Cuckoo, n. a simpleton, a dolt.

cu

DA

Cuckoo - bread - and - cheese, n. the

wood-sorrel. Cuckoo-spit, n. the white frothy mat- ter seen on certain plants in the

spring. Cud, Pr. of could. Cuddle, v.t. (1) to fondle, to embrace,

to press to the bosom. (2) v.i. To

lie closely. Cummer, v.t. to encumber. Cummersom', adj. burdensome, apt to

impede. Cummins. See Comins. Cumpany with, To keep ; to have

intercourse as a pair of lovers. Cumpany-keeper, n. a lover. Cunderth, Pr. of conduit, Cun thanks, To, to give or render

thanks. Curb, v.t. to bend, to check. Curly-pow, \ , , ad

Curly-pate, J n' a curly neacL Curran-berries. See Corran-berries. Cush, cush ! inter j. a call to cows when

petted. N.Fris. /cuss, kus, a call to

attract cows. Cushat, n. a wood-pigeon. A.S. cusceote,

a ringdove, perhaps from cusc, chaste,

from the proverbial fidelity of the

bird. Cush-love, interj. a term of endearment

used to a cow. Cushy-cow-lady, n. (1) the ladybird

{Goccinella septem-punctata, and G. bi-

punctata). (2) A long hairy caterpillar. Cuss, Pr. of kiss. Comp. W. cus, N.S.

cus, Du. kus, O.N. koss. Cut, n. a canal or artificial watercourse. Cuts, To draw. To draw lots by draw- ing one of several pieces of paper

cut to different lengths. W. cwtws, a

lot, M. chut. Cutten, p.p. of To cut. Cutter, v.t. to whisper. G. kuttem, to

whisper slily, S.G. huttra, to prate or

chatter. Cutterin, n. cooing like a pigeon. Sw.

huttra. to coo.

Daab, Pr. of daub.

Daaf, n. dough.

Daan, Pr. of dawn. O.N.

Dab, adj. dexterous, clever, apt at a

thing. 0

Dab, ) n. one who is expert at

Dab -hand, ] anything.

Dacity, n. sharpness, handiness, ac- tivity. Daddle, v.t. to support a person in his

tottering gait. Daddy-long-legs, n. the long-legged

spider. Danish, adj. shy, modest. Daft, adj. stupid, foolish, weak-minded. Daftlike, adj. foolish. Dafy, adj. soft, foolish ; as if like dough,

which is sometimes pronounced doff,

or douf. Daffydowndilly, n. a daffodil. Dag, v.i. and v.t. (1) to drizzle. (2) To

trail or dirty in the mire, to bedaub,

to daggle. Daggle, v.i. to trail in the dirt. Daggly, adj. wet, showery. Dainty, adj. pleasant, neat, trim. Daised, ) adj. benumbed and almost Deased, ) rendered insensible by cold.

O.N. dasaz, to be exhausted, be- numbed by exposure. See Des'd. Daker, n. a dispute, an argumentative

conversation. Daker-hen, n. the corn-crake. Dale, n. a lot or share ; as, a bracken

dale, a peat dale, a meadow dale, a

dale in a common field. Dall, v.t. "Doll me if e don't." A petty

oath. (A modification of damn). Daly, adj. lonely, solitary. A form of

Dowly. Damming and lading, incurring one

debt to pay another. Damper, n. a luncheon. Dander, v.i. to hobble, to walk saun-

teringly or idly about.

EaSH^ng child.

Dandy-cock, ) n. a fowl of the Bantam

Dandy-hen, ] breed.

Dank, adj. moist, damp.

Dannet, n. an idle, good-for-nothing girl.

Dar, v.i. to dare.

Dark, v.i. To eaves-drop.

Dark, for bets, To. To listen in silence to the arguments or reasons of two contending parties, and eventually to espouse the side of those who clearly have the best of it.

Darkening, n. twilight.

Darnel, n. the plant Lolium perenne.

Darrat. "Od darrat ta," a sort of veiled oath, the same as "Od rot." It is sometimes used without the "od,"as " Darrat ta."

Darter, adj. active.

23

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Dart-girse, n. dart-grass {Holcus la-

natus). Dash, v.t. to abash.

Dately, adv. daily. Corr. of Daytaly. Dave, v.t. to assuage, mitigate, or relieve.

S.G. dofwa, to benumb or deaden,

Sw. dofva, to mitigate, to alleviate. Daw, Pr. of dow. Dawdles, n. a slattern. Dawly. A phonetic form of dowry. Daytal-man, n. a day labourer who is

paid by the day, as distinguished

from one paid by the week or month.

O.N. daga-tal, computus dierum,

Dan. dagetal, day by day. Daytal-wark, ) n. work done by the Day-wark, J day, not let. Dazed, adj. of a dun colour. Dazz, v.t. (a moderated imprecation).

"Dazz it, I can't get it out ;" " Its

a dazzed wet day." Dea, Pr. of do. Dead-horse, To pull the ; is to work off

a debt or an arrear. Dead lift, To be at a: To be in a

situation of peculiar difficulty, when,

as far as one can see, one is in a state

of hopeless helplessness. j)ea£,adj. blasted, unproductive, whether

applied to land or to ears of corn.

S.G. dauf jord, unproductive land,

A. S. deaf. Deaf-nut, n. an empty nut, or a nut

without a kernel. Deal (Pr. of deal), to distribute. M.G.

dailjan, A.S. dailan, to divide, to

distribute. Deam (Pr. of dame), n. mistress, wife. Dearned, adj. benumbed, torpid from

the effects of cold. Deaul, Corr. of devil. Deaw, Pr. of dew. Deck, n. a pack (of cards, namely). Deck, v.t. (1) to cast a card (at cards)

and take a trump in its place. (2)

To cover. " I decked his king wi my

ace," i.e. covered and took it. Dee(a)-wark, n. day's work. O.N.

dagverk, Fin. dagsverki. Deed, n. doings. Dee, Pr. of die. Deet (Pr. of dight), v.i. to dress and

make one's toilet. Deet, v.t. to dirty. Deft, adj. neat, dexterous. A.S. dafte,

convenient, mild. Deftly, adv. quietly, softly. A.S. daft- lice, conveniently, fitly. 24

Deg, v.t. to moisten with water, to sprinkle. O.N. doggva, to moisten, bedew, S.G. and Sw. dagg, dew.

Deggy, adj. drizzly, foggy.

Delve, v.i. to dig. A.S. delfan, O.Fris. delva, Du. delven.

Dem, (Pr. of dam), v.t. to stop water. A.S. demman, O.Fris. demma.

Dem in, v.i. to collect as clouds do.

Deod, Pr. of dead.

Deoth, Pr. of death.

Des, v.t. to chill.

Des'd, adj. chilled during the time of incubation ; of eggs.

Despret, Corr. of desperate, and used as a strong augmentative, in the sense of very, exceedingly.

Dess, n. (1) a pile, a heap. (2) A truss of hay.

Dess, v.t. (1) to lay close together, to pile in order. (2) To cut a section of hay from a stack.

Devilment, n. roguery, mischief (some- times of a sportive kind).

Devil's darning-needle, n. the dragon-

%•

Devil's snuff-box, n. the puff-ball.

Devil-squeaker, n. the swift.

Dewberry, n. the dwarf mulberry, the fruit of the Rubus chamamiorus.

Deyal, Pr. of deal, the wood.

Deyal, Pr. of dale.

Dib, n. a dip.

Dib, v.i. to dip or incline.

Dicky, n. "It's all o' dicky wi' him" = he is done up, ruined.

Didder, v.i. to shiver, to tremble.

Didderin'-girse, n. quaking grass.

Dig, v.t. to start a badger.

Dight, adj. decorated, arrayed, dressed. A.S. dihtan, to prepare, set in order, dispose, dyhte, arranged.

Dike, v.t. to make fences or ditches. AS. dicia?i, O.Fris. dika, S.G. and Sw. dika, to dig a ditch, to ditch, Dan. dige, to dike, to raise a dike.

Dike, n. a ditch, a fence, a hedge. A.S. die, a mound, a bank, a ditch, Du. dijek, a ditch or bank, Gael, dig, a ditch, a drain, O.N. diki, S.G. and Sw. dike, a ditch to draw off water, Dan. dige, a ditch, or foss.

Dike-watter, n. the stagnant water of a ditch or dike ; as, 'As dead as dike- watter;" said of beer, etc. that has become flat. «

Dike-back, n. the sides of the earthern cop of a thorn fence or hedge.

DI

DO

Diker, n. a hedger or ditcher. A.S. dicere, Du. dijcker, Gael, dlgeir.

Dikin', n. the act of ditching. A.S. dicung.

Dilly, n. a small public carriage. Cor- rupted from Pr. diligence.

Ding, v.t. (1) to throw violently, to dash down. (2) To compel, to master. O.N. dengia, tundere, Dan. dcenge, S.G. and Sw.danga, to bang, to thump. (3) To impress by means of noisy reiteration, to beat into.

Ding. A moderated imprecation.

DiSI-drhfe, J adv' in good earnest.

Dinge, v.t. to dint, to bruise, to make a hollow. O.N. dengia, tundere, Dan. dcenge, S.G. and Sw. danga, to bang, to thump.

Dingle-dangle, v.i. to dangle loosely. Sw. dingla, to dangle, Dan. dingle, to dangle, bob, swing to and fro, S.G. dingldangl, said of pendulous or swinging objects.

Dinner-time, n. noon or mid-day.

Dirdam. See Durdum.

Dirl, v.i. (1) to tingle, or thrill with pain, the sensation being the result of a blow or other violence. (2) To move quickly.

Dirler, n. a light-footed, active per- son.

Disannul, v.t. to do away with, to remove.

Disgest, Corr. of digest.

Dish- clout, n. a dish-cloth.

Dish-faced, adj. hollow-faced.

Dishweisher, n. a scullery-maid.

Ditch, v.t. to make a ditch or moat.

Ditch-back, n. a fence.

Dither, v.i. to tremble, to shake.

Ditherin'-girse. See Didderin'-girse.

Divvel, Pr. of devil.

Divvling, n. the swift.

Do, n. an entertainment.

Doant, Pr. of do not.

Dobbin, n. a half-pint glass for ale.

Dobby, n. an apparition, a ghost, a spectre.

Dockin, n. the dock, Genus Rumex (Linn.). If a person is stung with a nettle, a certain cure is said to be performed by rubbing dock leaves over the affected part, repeating the following charm very slowly, "Dockin in, nettle out ; dockin in, nettle out," for about ten minutes.

Dodded, ^1 adj. without horns, said of

Doddy, > a cow ; as, " She's a dodt

Dodt, J an ; " " 111- willy cow is always a doddyP

Dodder, v.i. to shake or tremble, to shudder.

Dodderin(g)-girse. See Didderin'- girse.

Doddle, v.i. to totter, to walk un- steadily.

Dodge, v.t. (1) to jog, to incite. (2) To follow in the track of a person or animal. (3) To try to cheat.

Doff, v.t. to do off, to undress.

Doff, Pr. of dough.

Dog, n. a partial rainbow :

"A dog at night Is the farmer's delight,"—

since it is considered to be the har- binger of fine weather.

Dog, n. a toaster of wood or iron made in the form of a dog.

Dog-cheap, adj. excessively cheap.

Dog-daisy, n the field daisy.

Dogger, n. a small fishing ship.

Dog-trail, n. a trail hunt.

Dog-tree, n. the alder.

Dog-whipper, n. a church beadle.

Doit, n. a small Dutch coin, valued at about half-a-farthing. " I hevn't a doit to pay him wi," i.e. the smallest coin. Du. duyt.

Dole, n. grief, sorrow. Gael, dolas, woe, grief, mourning.

Dole, n. (1) a piece of heath or com- mon, off which only one person has a right to cut fuel. (2) Money, bread, etc. distributed to the poor. A.S. dcelan, to divide, distribute, or dole, O. Fris. dole, a present.

Dolly, n. (1) a washing-tub. (2) A washing beetle worked with both hands.

Dolly, n. a slattern, a slut.

Dolly, v.t. to wash linen, etc. with the dolly-legs.

Dolly-legs, n. an implement with five or six legs for washing.

Doly. A form of Dowly.

Don, v.t. and i. to do on, to dress.

Don'd, p.p. dressed.

Donk, ) adj. damp, moist, humid ;

Donky, f "It's nobbut a donlcy day."

Donks, It, v.imp. It falls damp ; as, " It donks and it dozzles" = It damps and drizzles.

Door-cheeks, n. the side-posts of a door.

Dorst, Pr. of durst.

25

DO

DE,

Dossel, n. a small quantity, a bit or drop. Dot, n. a small lump.

Sfughter, |P''ofdau8hte-

Double, v.t. to shut up ; of the fist, or of a person, in the sense of over- powering him in argument.

Doubtsome, adj. uncertain as to an event.

Douf, n. a little cake.

Douk, v.i. to duck or stoop the head. Gael, dowcio, to dive, S.G. duka, to sink down.

Douker, n. a water-bird.

Douse, v.t. to duck or plunge into water, also to throw water in quantity upon any one ; for instance, by pailsful.

Dou-tarn. ) The name of a tarn or

Dow-tren. \ pond near Carke, in North Lonsdale (always black and dirty, hence perhaps its name).

Dow, v.i. to prosper, to mend. "He nayder dees ner dows." " He's nowt at dow " = He is nothing that is good, or no great shakes ; where at is the sign of the infinitive mood, and at dow gerundial. S.G. doga, A.S. diilite, did good.

Dow (pr. doo), adj. gloomy ; as, "Dow Cray in Coniston fells." W. Du, gloomy, G&el. dhu, M.doo, black, dark.

Dowel, v.t. to fasten planks together with a wooden pin or plug.

Dowliness, n. solitariness.

Dowly, adj. melancholy, lonely. Ap- plied to a person it signifies melan- choly ; to a place, lonely. " A house is dowly without a man in it," O.N. ddlegr, wretched.

Down, v.t. and i. (1) to knock down. (2) To faU.

Down, adj. (1) sickly, poorly. (2) Dis- consolate, cast down.

Down-come, n. a depression or down- fall, as a fall of rain, a fall in the market.

Down-foe (Pr. of downfall), n. a fall of hail, rain, or snow.

Down-liggin(g), n. (1) an accouche- ment. (2) Going to bed. " Frae up-rising to dovmligging " = From morning to night.

Down-pour, n. a very heavy rain.

Dozzle, v.i. Pr. of drizzle.

Draa, Pr. of draw. p.p. Draan. To draa in, to withdraw, to retire.

Draa-beas, n. cattle collected together, bought at, or taken to fairs. 26

Draal, Pr. of drawl.

Draap, ) v.i. to drawl in speaking, to

Draat, ] speak slow and monoto- nously.

Drabbed, adj. splashed with mud.

Drabbet, v.t. a moderated imprecation ; an abbrev. of 'od rabbet.

Draff, n. grains of malt after brewing, with which cows and swine are fed. Gael, drabh, refuse, draff, A.S. drabbe, dregs, lees, M. drow, the malt after the beer is extracted, O.N. draf, Dan. drav, dregs, lees, grounds, S.G.

• and Sw. draf. "The civil sow gets all the draff."

Drag, n. (1) a heavy harrow used for breaking clods in stiff land. (2) An instrument with iron prongs for drawing weeds out of ditches, or dung out of carts.

Drake, (1) n. a kind of curl, when the ends of the hair only turn up, and all the rest hangs smooth. (2) Darnell grass.

Drape, n. a cow whose milk is dried up (or only comes by drops). Pro- perly an adjective.

Drat, v.t. a moderated imprecation.

Draught, n. a team of horses in a cart or waggon, both collectively taken.

Draup, v.i. to drawl in speaking. See Draap.

Dreadful. Used augmentatively, in the sense of very much.

Dreap. See Draap, Draup.

Drearisome, adj. very dreary.

Drede, Pr. of dread.

Dree, adj. long, tedious, wearisome. Dan. dr'bj, lasting, Sw. drbja, to delay, M. dree, tedious, slow, O.N. drcegia, S.G. and Sw. drbja, delay, loitering.

Dree, v.t. to suffer, to endure. A.S. dreogan, to suffer, to undergo.

Dree, v.i. to last, endure in point of time. [O.E. drechen. dreg en, to last. Ed. J " To dree out" = To hold out.

Dreeam, Pr. of dream.

Dreely, adv. slowly, tediously.

Dress, v.t. (1) to beat. (2) To scold. (3) To prepare or clean anything, to cleanse it from refuse, to adorn, to set anything upright, or put it in its proper place, to cultivate land. " To dress a horse " is to clean it .

Dressin(g), n. (1) a beating. (2) A scolding. " I gev him a gud dress- in "= I gave him a good dressing. (3) Emaciation from disease.

DR

EA

Dreyav, Pr. of drove.

Dribble, v.i. (1) to drizzle, or rain

slowly. (2) v.t. To deal out sparingly. Drinkin(g), n. beer or milk given to

farm labourers between the principal

meals. (2) A meal between dinner

and supper. Drip, n. snow. "As white as drip" =

As white as snow. Comp. O.N. dript

or drift, newly driven snow. Drip-white, adj. perfectly white, as

white as snow. O.N. drifthvitr,

white as driven snow. Drive, v.i. to procrastinate ; as, " Don't

drive that wark while to morn " = Do

not put that work off until tomorrow. Drive pigs, To=To snore. Dro-beas, n. cattle collected together

in a drove. See Draa-beas. Drone, n. a lazy fellow. Droning, adj. of a lazy, indolent mode

of doing a thing. Droot, adj. dry. Drop, n. a reduction of wages. Drop-dry, adj. watertight. Droppin(g)s, n. the dung of cattle and

sheep, and also of birds. Droppy, adj. wet, rainy. Drucken, adj. drunk, tipsy. O.N.

druchinn, Dan. drukken, drunk, tipsy,

intoxicated ( p.p. of drikke, to drink),

S.G. and Sw. drucken. Dry, adj. crafty, subtle. Dry, v.t. to wipe anything dry. Dry-meat, n. hay. Dry-wogh, n. a wall built without

mortar. Du, dud, dun = do, did, done. Dub, n. (1) a deep pit. (2) A small

pool of water, a puddle, a deep hole

in a river. Gael, dubhagan, M. dhub-

bey, a puddle, a pool. Dub, v. t. to cut the comb and wattles

of a cock. Dubbing, n. a mixture of oil and tallow

for making leather impervious to

water. W. dub, mortar, cement. Dub-skelper, n. a horse that leaps well. Duckstone, n. a game played by trying

with a stone to knock a small stone

off a larger one which supports it.

g^jPr.ofdoor.

Duffel, n. a light cloth with a rough nap.

Dulbert, n. a blockhead.

Dule, Corr. of devil.

Dulsome, adj. heavy, dull,

Dull of hearing, more or less deaf.

do not.

Dummel-heead, n. a blockhead. Dummy, n. a dumb person. Dumpling, n. a fat dwarf. Dumpy, adj. (1) short and thick. (2)

Sullen, discontented. Dunderheod, n. a blockhead. Dun-horse, To ride the. To ask for a

debt. Dunna, Dunnet,

Dunty, adj. stunted. Durable, adj. long, tedious ; as, " He's

a durable sitter." Durden, ) n. uproar, hub-bub. W. Durdum, ) dwrdd, a stir, a noise. Dure-sill, n. the threshold of a door. Dure-stead, n. the space occupied by

the door. Dust, n. (1) the small particles separated

from the oats in shelling. (2) Tumult,

uproar ; as, " To kick up a dust." Dusta? Dost thou?

E.

E. (1) Corr. of pers. pron. I. (2) Corr. of prep, i, in.

Ea, n. (1) water (generally). (2) A river, the channel of the river. Kent, as it runs down the Lancaster Sands, Morecambe Bay, is called " The Ea." A.S. Ea, water. The river Leven on the Ulverston Sands, is also so called. The river or beck at Carke was formerly called " The Ea."

Eak, n. an oak. (Ed pr. as in dear),

Earand, n. an errand. O.N. erende, A.S. cerend, Dan. cerende, errand, business.

Earl, Pr. of earl.

Earles, n. earnest money.

Ear-mark, n. a mark to know sheep by.

Earnest, n. deposit money given to bind a bargain, or on hiring a servant.

Earth, v.i. to lodge as a badger or fox does.

Earth-fast, adj. said of a stone appear- ing on the surface, but fast in the earth. Sw. jordfast.

Earth-nut, n. a pig-nut or earth-chest- nut.

Easings, n. the eaves of a house. A.S. efese.

Easin-sparrow, n. the common house- sparrow.

Evat'h S n' ^orr' °f S^0L ^or oa*n'

27

EA

EV

n. afternoon.

Eat out o' house an' harbour : to in- jure a person in his circumstances by partaking too freely of his hospitality.

Eawe, n. an ewe. A.S. eaw.

Edge, 11. the side of a hill, a ridge.

Edge off, To, v,i. to stand aside, to make way.

Edgro, ) n. aftermath. A rent called

Etgro, ) Edgro, or Etgro rent, is pay- able in the Manor of Muchland, in Low Furness, for the pasturage of the aftermath. A.S. edgrowung, a regrowing.

Ee, n. an eye.

Ee ! or Eeh ! inter j. an interjection ex- pressive of delight.

Een, ii. the eyes. Comp. A.S. eyne.

Ee-seyar, Pr. of eyesore.

Ee-teuth, Pr. of eye-tooth.

Eever, n. the quarter from which the wind blows.

~E£ter,prep. after. A.S., O.Fris., O.N., Dan., S.G., and Sw. efter. See At efter.

Efterbirth, n. the placenta of a cow or other animal. Sw. efterbord.

Efter-girse, n. after-grass.

Efternune,

Efternean,

Egg, v.t. to urge on, to incite, to insti- gate. A.S. eggiaii, to excite, O.Fris. eggia, O.N. eggja.

Egg-clock, n. the cockchafer.

Egging, ii. urging, incitement, O.N. egging.

Eggs and Collops : fried eggs and bacon.

Egodlins, adv. truly.

Eigh, adv. aye, yes. "Eigh suer"= Yes, to be sure, yes, certainly.

Eigh-wye: yes, yes.

Eish, ")

Esch, \n. an ash. Sw. ash, A.S. aesc.

Esh, J

Eish-keys, n. the pods containing the seed of the ash.

Elder, n. a cow's udder.

Elders, n. parents. A.S. eldran, O.Fris. alder.

Eldin, ii. Fuel or fire, firing. A.S. aid, yld, fire, O.N. eldingi, fuel, from elldr, fire, S.G., Sw., eld, Dan. ild.

Eldst, Pr. of eldest.

Elf, n. (1) a fairy. (2) A mischievous person.

Eller, ii. the alder-tree (Betula alnus, Linn.). A.S. ellam, O.Fris. elren, O.N. elm, alnus, Dan. elle, pi, eller. 28

Elly-mouth, n. a bound or goal in the

game of football. Else, Contr. of Alice. Elsin, 11. an awl. Elsewhiddher, adv. elsewhither. A.S.

elleshwider. Elt, v.t. to knead. Emblements, n. profits of land, as

grass, fruit, etc. End, Great : a phrase employed to

signify a large proportion, or a

quantity absolutely ; as, " It cost me

a girt end of a pound " = It cost me

nearly a pound. End, 'Most on (Corr. of almost on end),

used adverbially ; continually, un-

intermittingly. End, Reeght up on, used adverbially :

perfectly upright. End, At a louse, used as an adv. or

adj. : without occupation, out of

employ. End, v.t. to finish, to kill. Endas, ) Pr. of endways ; as, " Git

Endus, { endus wi tha" = Go along,

improve your pace. Endmest, adj. endmost. A.S. ende-

mcest. Enoo, adv. enough. Enow, adv. by and bye, presently;

possibly a contraction of even or den

novj. Entry, n. a narrow passage, a lane. Enty, ii. the last furrow in a rigg. Er : are. O.N. pi. 1, erum ; 2, enifS ;

3, Em. Dan. pi. 1, 2, 3, ere.

—Dr. C. Lottner in Philo. Trans., 1860, 1, p. 63.

Erbes, n. herbs.

Eshd, p.p. asked. Cf. Du. eysschen, to ask, demand.

Eshle-tree, n. an axle-tree. Gael, aisil, M. essyl.

Esk, ii. a newt. See Ask.

Eslins, n. a salmon-fly.

Esp, ) n. the aspen tree. A.S. asp,

Espin, \ O.Fris. and Du. espe, O.N. espi, the trembling poplar.

Ess-hole, Corr. of ass-hole.

Esta I Corr. of hast thou ?

Et, Corr. of at.

Eternal, Corr. of infernal.

Etgro. See Edgro.

Ettle, v.i. to intend or purpose.

Ettle, v. t. to deal out sparingly, to dis- tribute in small portions.

Ev, Corr. of have,

Evven, Pr. of even.

Ewen-down, adj. (1) thorough, down-

EV

FA

right ; as, "He threaped ma evven-

down"=ile flatly contradicted me.

(2) Perpendicular. Evven on, adv. close to the mark. Even-forret, ) adv. directly for- Evven-forward, ] ward. Evermaiyar, Pr. of evermore. Ew, Pr. of yew.

Ex, v.t. to ask. A.S. acsian or axian. Ex'd out : of persons whose banns

have been published or asked three

times. Exings, n. askings, banns of marriage. Ey ! Will thou ! an exclamation. Ey, adv. aye, yes. Eyable, Pr. of able. Eyacre, Pr. of acre. Eyak, Pr. of oak. A.S. ac, cec, O.N".

eyk, S.G. ek. Eyal, Pr. of ale. A. S . eala or ealo.

i^^js* =%**»«"•

Eyal'us, Pr. of ale-house. A.S. eal-htis. Ez, Corr. of has, as.

F.

Faaldin', n. the act of driving cattle or sheep into a fold or yard.

Faat, Pr. of fault.

Face, v.t. "To face one with a lie"= To make him believe that it is true ; " To face one out " = To put him down by positive assertions.

Faced-card, n. an ace, king, queen, or knave at cards, a court-card.

Fadder, Pr. of father.

Faded, adj. tainted, decayed.

Fadom, Pr. of fathom.

Faffle, v.i. (1) to be inconsiderate in speech. (2) To saunter, to fumble.

Fagnt,j^-of tofiSht-

Fagot, n. a contemptuous name for a

woman. Fain, adj. glad, delighted, pleased. A.S.

fagen, glad, joyful, O.'N.feginn, laetus,

S.G. fcegen. Fain, adv. gladly. Fair, adj. level or parallel. Fair, adv. Used as an augmentative,

and meaning utterly, completely, very,

tolerably large or numerous. Fairly, adv. (1) softly. (2) Simply,

completely ; as in "Fairly off' in the

middle " = Faint with hunger.

Fairy. "Fairy finger-marks " = Hollow marks in limestone, as if fingers had been pressed upon the stones when soft.

Fall, n. yeaning of lambs.

Fallals, n. the falling ruffs of a woman's dress, any gay ornaments.

Fancical, adj. fanciful.

Fand, pret. of To find. Of. AS. found, pret. of findan.

Fantickled, adj. freckled. See Farn- tickles.

Fantickles, ) freckles

Farntickles, ) n' lreckles-

Far, ) adv. farther. " I'll he far if

Farther, \ I do "=I will by no means do so.

Far away, adv. by much, by far.

Far by: compared with. "To-day's fine far by yesterday."

Fare, v. i. to proceed, get on, draw nigh to, or seem to be beginning. " How dus t&fare V or, "How fares ta ?"= How do you go on, or do ? " She fares a cauving ;" of a cow when symptoms of calving make them- selves observed.

Fares-te-weel : fare thee well.

Farley, n. something wonderful.

Farrantly, adj. decent, respectable.

Farreps : a name for the devil.

Farrest, adj. superl. farthest. A.S. feorrest.

Farrish-on (used as an adj.), advanced in years ; also nearly intoxicated.

Fash, n. trouble, care, anxiety, fatigue.

Fash, v.t. to fatigue, to trouble, to vex, to tire. Fr./ acker, to trouble or tease.

Fashion, n. condition of health. "He's of his better fashion " = In better than his usual health.

Fast, adv. very near ; as, " I gev fast on ten pounds for her "= Very near ten pounds.

Fast, adj. intimate, firmly attached.

Fast -and -louse. A cheating game, played with a stick and a belt or string, so arranged that a spectator would think that he could make the latter fast by placing a stick through its intricate folds, whereas the opera- tor could detach it at once. Other- wise called " Prick in the garter."

Father, v.t. (1) to impute a child to its father. Thence, (2) To impute any- thing, or lay it to anyone's charge.

Fau' (Pr. of fall), a rood of lineal land- measure of seven yards.

29

FA

FI

Fause (Pr. of false), adj. shrewd, cun- ning, treacherous.

Fauseness, Pr. of falseness.

Faut, Pr. of fault.

Faughter, v.t. to knock off the beards of barley when thrashed.

Faughtering-iron, n. an iron used to knock off the beards of barley when thrashed.

Fastens ee'n, the eve of Ash- Wednes- day.

Faw, Pr. of fall.

Faw-gang (Corr. of Faa-gang), n. a gang of rogues and beggars. (From Johnny Faa, a leader of rogues and beggars).

Fawn, Pr. of fallen.

Fawred, Pr. of favoured.

Feace, Pr. of face.

Feaig, n. a dirty, idle person, a teasing child.

Feal, v.t. to hide slily. O.N. and S.G. fela, to hide away, Dan. fioele, AS. feolan, M.G.flkan.

ESS,!"**"*

Fearful, used augmentatively ; tre- mendously, greatly.

Feather-edged, adj. of a stone thinner at one edge than at the other.

Feaw (Pr. of few), n. a little in quantity; as, " a, feaw broth."

February. —

February fill-dike

Wi' aidller black or white ; —

i.e. with either rain or snow. Feckless, adj. weak, feeble, infirm of

purpose, inefficient. Feddher, Pr. of feather. Feddher-weight, n. a wrestler not

more than 9-g- stones weight. Feeding, adj. nutritious. Feeding-storm, n. a constant snow. Feek, v.i. to walk about in perplexity.

S.G. fjdcka, to wander hither and

thither. Feel, v.t. to perceive, be conscious of.

" I feel a bad smell." Feffment, n. enfeofment, endowment. Feign, v.t. to dig turf. Feign, n. the top part of turbary which

does not yield peats. Felfaa, Pr. of fieldfare. Felks, n. fellies of a wheel, which col- lectively form the circumference to

which the tire is attached. A.S. felg. Fell, n. (1) bare elevated land, a moor,

a hill or mountain. (2) A rocky hill. 30

Sw.fjall, a chain of mountains, O.N. fell, a small mountain, N.Fris. _/}«/.

Fell, v.t. (1) to knock down ; applied in the case of man, beast, or tree, or anything standing upright. A. S. fellan, to make to fall, O.Fris. filla, O.N. fella. _

Fellon, n. a disease in cows, occasioned by cold, and causing great pain.

Fellon-wood, n. the herb Bittersweet or Ladslove.

Felt, pret. of To fell ; feUed.

Felt, n. a hat.

Fend, v.t. and i. to provide, to en- deavour, to make shift, to ward off.

Fend, n. attempt to make provision.

Fend and prove, To : to argue and defend.

Fendible, adj. industrious, managing, provident ; as, " She's a gay fendible body "= She is a remarkably manag- ing person.

Fendy, adj. thrifty, managing.

Fen'some, adj. (1) adroit. (2) Neat, becoming.

Fent, n. a remnant of cotton, or other woven fabric.

Fest, v.t. (1) to put out cattle to grass, to agist at a rate per head agreed upon. (2) To put out to board ; as, " I agreed to fest mysel for ten shil- lings a week "=I agreed to board for ten shillings a week. (3) To let off any work, O.N./esta, to agree for a stipulated price, festa, a rent, Dan. give i faiste, to let on lease, taga i fceste, to take on lease ; Gael, fas- daidh, hire, engage.

Fet, v.t. to fetch. A.S.fetian.

Fetch, n. subtlety, a crafty pretence in order to deceive a person.

Fetch in, To : to seize.

Fetch up, To : to overtake.

Fettle, v.t. (1) to repair, to set right, to put in order ; as, "I fettled it" = I made it all right. (2) To beat. See Fettling.

Fettle, n. state, condition ; as, " My scythe's i' gradely fettle" = In right good condition for work ; " I ' gud fettle" = In good condition."

Fettling, n. a thrashing or beating ; as, " I gev him a good fettling"

Fey, v.t. to cleanse.

Fezzan, Pr. of pheasant.

Fidge, v.i. to kick with the feet, to fidget, to sprawl, to waddle.

Fidgin', adj. uneasy, restless, impatient.

FI

FL

Fierce, adj. brisk, lively.

Fift, Pr. of fifth.

Fig, v.t. to apply ginger to a horse to excite him to carry a fine tail.

Fighting-cocks, n. the headed seed- stems of rib-grass, with which boys play by fighting with them. Comp. Prov. Sw. hamper, N. kjempe (cham- pions), names for the same objects.

Fig-sew, n. ale boiled with wheaten bread and figs ; a common Good Friday dish. W. sew, broth, pottage.

File, n. a name of contempt for a person full of low cunning.

Filly-tails and Mares' -manes ; names for streaky clouds of the cirrus kind.

Filth, n. a disreputable woman, a scoundrel.

Filthy, adj. covered with weeds.

Find, v.t. Pr. of find.

Fine, adj. (1) considerable, good, praise- worthy; as, "A fine deal" = A large quantity; "Ay, she's a fine girl" = She is a good, well-behaved, indus- trious girl ; " It's gaan to be fine an' wet "= It is likely for heavy rain.

Finely, adv. very well in health.

Finnikin, adj. finical, trifling, scrupu- lously particular.

Fire-fanged, adj. of oats or barley too hastily dried in the kiln.

First end, n. the beginning.

Firtle, v.i. to intermeddle in small matters, to fidget.

Fish. " I'll net mekfish o' yan and fowl o' t'udder " = I will show no partiality.

Fit, v.t. to serve out, to match, to be equal with.

Fitches, n. vetches. Du. vitse, a vetch.

Fitters, n. very small pieces, fragments.

Fixfax, n. the thick tendon of a cow's or ox's neck. S.G. ficlc-facJc.

Flaat (pret. of to flyte), scolded.

Flaatch, v.t. to flatter, to wheedle.

Flacker, v.i. to flutter, to quiver, to use the wings hurriedly as a bird does when taking hasty flight.

Flagging, n. the act of covering an embankment or grass plot with sods.

Flah, n. a square grassy piece of turf dried and used as fuel, and which blazes up when put on the fire.

Flam, v.t. (1) to deceive or cheat. (2)

To flatter. Flam, n. (1) falsehood. (2) Flattery, Flan, adj. shallow and with sloping

or broad at the mouth and narrow at the bottom ; as a pan, a scuttle, etc.

Flang, pret. of to fling ; as, " Hefiang t' staiyan" = He threw the stone.

Flange, v.i. to project out.

Flannen, n. flannel. W. gwlanen.

Flap, n. a stroke or touch.

Flap, v.t. to strike or beat.

Flap, n. (1) the leather or valve of a pump. (2) A piece of anything flap- ping to and fro on a line or point, as a fiy-fiap to drive flies away.

Flapper, v.i. to quiver, to flutter.

Flappers, n. young birds just able try their wings before flying.

Flat, n. a hollow in a field.

Flatch, v.t. to flatter. See Flaatch.

Flayin', n. a spectre, an apparition.

Flay, v.t. to frighten.

Flay, v.t. to pare turf with a breast plough.

Flay-craa, n, a scarecrow, a guy.

Fleak, n. a fluke or flounder.

Fleak, n. (1) a species of hurdle or rack. [Germ, fiechten, to interweave or wattle, fiecht-werk, Sw. fiat-verk, basket-work, Prov. Sw. fiake, wattled hurdles. Ed.] (2) A number of cords, to hang riddled bread upon. A.S. fieax, a hairy thread, of which I have often seen them made.

Fleckerin(g), n. the act of laughing or moving about of the lips and mouth in a scornful manner.

Flee, Pr. of fly, both vb. and n.

Fleed, p.p. fled.

Fleet, adj. shallow, as a pan or vessel, or water.

Fleet, v.t. to skim or take the cream off milk. A.S. fiiete, cream.

Fleeting-dish, n. a shallow dish for skimming off the cream.

Fleet -milk, ) , . -, .71

Flet-milk, \ n' skimmed milk-

Meetings, n. (1) curds. (2) Cream. A.S. fiiete.

Fleuks, n. fat vermin in the livers of diseased sheep. Comp. Fleak.

Flewer, Pr. of floor.

Flick, n. a flitch of bacon. A.S.fiicce, Dim.fiykke, Vl.fiikke, O.N.fiicki.

Flicker, v.i. to flutter.

Fligary, n. a gaudily-dressed girl.

Fling, v.t, (1) to baffle, to disappoint. (2) To overcome, to throw in wrest- ling. (3) To defraud, to cheat. (4) To dance in a peculiar manner. 31

FL

FO

Flipe, n. the rim of a hat.

Flirligig, n. nondescript thing. (2) A wanton lass.

Flirt, v.t. to move nimbly.

Flit, v.i. to remove, to shift one's goods and furniture from one residence to another. 0.~N.flytia, vehere, depor- tare, N. Fris. fiytte, to remove out of one house into another, Sw. fiytta, to move, to remove, Dan. fiytte, to change one's abode.

Flit )

Flitting, \ vd' fliSht> removal- <

Flite, v.t. to scold. A.S. fiitan, to dispute, to quarrel.

Flocks, n. down ; also, inferior wool.

Flodder, n. foam. Fr. fiotter, to float, imply something light and empty, M. fioadran, something floating.

Flooring, n. a brood or flight of chickens or other fowls.

Flop, v.i. to walk clumsily.

Florrish, n. blossom of fruit trees, etc. Lat. fioreo, to bloom.

Flow, adj. (1) wild, untractable. (2) Cold, boisterous.

Flowsy, n. a slattern.

Fluke, n. a flounder, flat-fish.

Fluke-mouthed, adj. having a mouth like a flounder or fluke.

Flum, n. flattery, deceit.

Flummery, n, (1) nonsense. (2) Oat- meal boiled in water until it is thick and gelatinous.

Flurt, v.i. to snap the fingers derisively.

Flush, adj. (1) fully feathered. (2) Fair or even with [artificer's term].

Flush, n. the hot stage of a fever. " I' t' flush on it " = At the height of it.

Fluster, n. a great hurry, caused gene- rally by a sudden surprise.

Flustered, adj. half-tipsy. (2) Swelled or bloated.

Fluzz, v. t. to blunt.

Fluzzed, adj. blunt and jagged at the point, bruised.

Flyrin(g), n. smiling scornfully.

Flyte, v.t. See Flite.

Foan-out, Pr. of fallen out.

Fob, v. t. to jerk the taw at marbles, by an action of the whole hand, instead of shooting it fairly with the thumb.

Foddher (Pr. of fodder), v.t. to supply food to cattle.

Foddhergang, ) n. a passage along the

Fodderingang, ) heads of the booses in a cowhouse from which fodder is supplied to the cattle. 32

Fog, ns aftergrass, aftermath, the grass that comes after a crop of hay. Comp. foghar, the harvest, autumn, W.fwg, long dry grass.

Foiled-girse, n. grass much trodden.

Foist, v.i. to smell musty.

Foisty, adj. musty.

Folk, n. family, household ; as, " Our fowkv = Our family party or house- hold, collectively.

Follow, v.t. to court, to pay addresses. " He ha' wedd'd her at last ; he'd followed her lang enouff."

Follower, n. one who is courting a young woman.

Fond, adj. stupid, silly, idiotic. Isl. faane, S.G. f tine, fatuus.

Fondly, adv. foolishly.

Foomart (Pr. of Foulmart), n. the pole- cat. W. ffwlbart.

Foor, n. a furrow. A.S.furh, Du. voore, Sw.fara.

Foot, n. the mark of the feet of the fox.

Foot, v.i. to dance. "Ise gaan to foot it," i.e. to dance.

Foot-gate, n. a footpath.

Footer. See Faughter.

Footin', n. liquor or money given by an apprentice to his fellows when entering his engagement.

Foranent, adv. opposite to.

For-by, adv. besides, over and above.

Force, n. a cascade, a waterfall. O.N. fors, a cascade, Sw.forsa, to rush, to gush, fors, stream, waterfall, S.G. fors, a cataract.

Force-fall, n. a waterfall in High Fur- ness. 0 .N . fors-fall, a cascade.

Forder (Pr. of further), v.t. to promote, advance, or further. S.G. fordra, promo vere, juvare.

Fore-elders, n. ancestor. Dan. forceldre, OJN.forelldri, S.G. and Sw.fSreldrar, majores. [of a thing.

Fore-end, n. (1) spring. (2) Beginning

Foret (Pr. of forward), adv. forth.

Forgatten, ) f , ,

For|itten;|^forgotten-

Fork, v.t. to throw or heave with a pitch-fork.

Formel, v. t. to bespeak. O.N. formcela, diris devovere, S.G.formala, to men- tion, Dan. formelde, to announce.

Formest, adj. earliest, foremost. A.S. formest.

Fornace, Pr. of furnace.

Forrad (Pr. of forward), adv. and adj. (1) onward. (2) More than half tipsy.

FO

FY

Forseet, Pr. of foresight. Forsett-an-backsett : hemmed in on

every side. ,

Fortree, n. the lighter upright bar

of a gate, to which the staple for

fastening is attached. See Har-

tree. Foss, n. a waterfall. As Foss Forge

in the parish of Cotton, High Fur-

ness. O.N. foss, a cascade. See

Force.

Fetch, J-*- to fetch.

Fotheram, n. an open passage along

the heads of the stalls in a cow- house, from whence the cattle are

supplied with fodder. See Foddher-

gang. Foul, n. an ulcerous sore in a cow's foot. Fout, n. a pet, a spoiled child. Fower, Pr. of four. Cf. A.S.fower. Fower-faad, Pr. of fold-fold. Fowert, Pr. of fourth. Fra, prep. from. A.S. fra, from, O.N.

fra, S.G./ra, Dan. fra. Fram, adj. brittle, tender. Franteckles, n. freckles. See Farn-

tickles. Frap, n. noise, the noise of a cracker. Frap, v.t. (1) to strike. (2) To brag,

to boast. Fratch, (1) v.i. to scold, to quarrel. (2)

v.t. To shuffle or cheat in joke. Fratched, adj. restive, or that has

vicious tricks in harness ; applied to

a horse. Fray, v.t. to frighten, to terrify. Freat, v.i. to mourn, to grieve ; as, " She

freats terbly after t' barns " = She

frets sadly after the children. Free-martin, n. If a cow has twin

calves of different sexes, the female

calf is termed a free-martin, and is

said never to breed. Freet, ) n. a spectre, an apparition,

Free tin (g), ) a frightful object. Fresh, n. the swelling of a river through

heavy rain ; in distinction from the

tidal flood, Fresh, adj. (1) brisk, vigorous, quick. (2) Rather fat, in good condition ;

applied to cattle. Freyam (Pr. of frame), v.a. to set about a thing, to attempt ; as, " He

freyams weel" = He makes a good attempt. Freyaz, Pr. of fraze, pret. of to freeze. A.S. freas.

D

Fridge, v.t. to rub, to fray, to wear away by friction.

Frig, v.t. to wriggle.

Frith, n. unused pasture land.

Froff, ) adj. loose, spongy, easily

Fruff, ) broken.

Frosg, ) n. a frog. A.S. frox, O.N.

Frosk, ] frosha, rana.

Frouzy, adj. froward, peevish, crusty.

Frow, n. a dirty woman, a slattern. Du. vrouwe, a woman, wife.

Frozzen, p.p. of to freeze.

Frum, adj. short, applied to pastry ; brittle.

Frump, v.t. to be rude to, to rebuke.

Fry, To shoot one's, to make a last effort without success. Derived from the analogy of a female herring, who, having shot her fry, has done all she can do in the course of nature.

Fud, n. the hair of a hare or rabbit. A gamekeeper will say, "I've gitten n&yderfud ner feddher to-day ; " i.e. no game at all, either furred or

Fuff, n. (1) 'a puff of wind. (2) A testy fit of anger, a pet.

Fuffed up, adj. swollen.

Fuffy, adj. light, soft, or spongy.

Full, adv. quite, entirely ; as, " Full ripe," of corn, apples, etc. Com- pounds of this word, as full-hang, full-hutt,^ full-s^lit, full-drive, etc., denote violence and impetuosity.

Full-out, adv. utterly, to the utter- most; as, " Full-out as mich" = To the full as much.

Fullock, v.t. to jerk the hand and arm unlawfully at marbles, instead of shooting from the thumb-joint, with the hand perfectly steady.

Full-mickle, adj. too much by far. O.N. fullmiUll, permagnus,

Fummel, Pr. of fumble.

Fummler, Pr. of fumbler.

Fund, p.p. of To find. A.S. funden, p.p. offndan, to find, 0.~Fris. funden, O.N. fundinn, D&n.fundet.

Fussock, n. a large gross woman.

Fust, v.i. to mould as corn does.

Fuzz-boe, Pr. of fuzz-ball.

Fuzzy, adj. light and spongy,

Fylde, n. low marshy land, as Poulton- m-the-Fylde. The same character of country about Heysham is sometimes called the Little Fylde.

33

GA

GA

Ga,

Gaa,

G.

v.i. to go. O.N. and S.G, ga.

Gaaby, ) n. a fool, a dolt. Cf. Dan.

Gauby, J gaabe, to gape, to yawn.

Gaan, p.p. of To Ga or Gaa.

Gaein, pcpl. going.

Gaains-on, n. proceedings. "I'll hae nowt ta du wi sic like gaains-on" =1 will be no party to such proceedings.

Gab, n. chat, great flow of words.

Gab, ) v.i. to talk idly, to jest, to

Gabber, ] prate. Gael, gabair, a chatting, talking fellow.

Gaddher, Pr. of gather.

Gaddin', n. the act of gossiping, going about idly from house to house.

Gaed, pret. of To Ga or Gaa.

Gaff, n. an iron hook.

Gaffer, n. a head labourer or workman, a leading person, an umpire.

Gaggle, v.i. to cackle. Du. gagelen, to cackle like a goose.

Gailfat, n. the vat in which malt liquor is set to ferment. See Gyle-vat.

Gaily, adj. pretty well in health, or in point of success.

Gain, adj. (1) direct, near> convenient. O.N. gegn, over against, Sw. D. gajn, direct. Comp. Dan. gienvei, a short cut, with "It's t' gainer way oor t' fields."^ (2) Tractable.

Gain, adj. advantageous, desirable, pre- ferable.

Gait, v.t. to set up sheaves of corn in wet weather to dry.

Gait, n. pasturage for cattle during summer in a common field : one gait being equal to maintain a cow, a horse is counted as two gaits, and a calf half a gait.

Gaitin(g)s, n. single sheaves of corn set up on end to dry.

Gale, n. wild myrtle (Myrica gale).

Galing, adj. setting the teeth on edge with cold ; applied to victuals.

Galiot, n. the oak-apple.

Gallas, Pr. of gallows.

Gallas-dog, n. a worthless fellow : a prophetical allusion to his probable end.

Gallases, n. braces.

Galloway, n. a pony : possibly so called from the small breed of horses which come from that country.

Gallows, adv. very, excessively. 34

Gam, adj. crooked ; as, "A gam leg." W. cam, crooked.

Gamashes, n* a sort of spatterdashes or short gaiters.

Gambrel. See Camerel.

Gang, v.i. to go. A.S. gangan, O.N. gdnga, M.G. gaggan.

Gang-boose, n. the narrow passage from the cow-house to the barn.

Ganger, n. a good goer ; of a horse. Dan. ganger, a steed.

Gangenl, ) n. a vagrant, a vagabond,

Gangrill, ) a pedlar. A.S. g anger e, one going on foot.

Ganging, pcpl. going.

Ganny, n. a child's name for grand- mother.

Gant, Pr. of gaunt.

Gantree, ) n. a kind of wooden frame

Gantry, ) or stand on which beer barrels are placed.

Gap, v.t. to notch, to jag.

Gape-seed, To sow, to go sight-seeing, which is often an occasion to the young and ignorant to gape and stare from the novelty of the objects.

Gar, v.t. to cause, to compel. O.N. gora, Sw. go'ra, Dan. giore, to do, to make.

Garish, adj. wild, foolishly gay.

Garn, n. yarn. A.S. gearn, O.N. gam, Sw. and Dan. garn.

Garner, n. a granary.

Garrets, To be wrang i yan's, to be wanting in intellect, or suffering from temporary delirium.

Garth, n. a small field or enclosure, adjoining a house. A.S. geard, Dan. gaard, a garden. Usually a postfix, as Coney-garth, an enclosure abound- ing with rabbits, School-^ar^A, Chapel- garth, Kirk- garth = Churchyard, N.Pris. gaard, O.N. garSr, Sw. garde, a field.

Gat, pret. of To get ; a word in very frequent use ; as, " She gat her bed (was confined), and sune gat about again ; " " T ' ship hed gitten onto t' rocks, an' then she was gitten off, an' gat into harbour ; '' " He gat away at last." Cf. O.N. gat, pret. of geta.

Gate, n. (1) a way or road gone, thence a way, road, street, absolutely ; and thence, (2) Way, manner, fashion; as, " Gang thy ain gate." " Go thy gate"=- Go thy way.

Ganger, n. an exciseman.

Gauk, v.i. to stare vacantly.

GA

GI

Gauky, n. a simpleton, a clown.

Gauky, adj. awkward.

Gaum, v.t. to comprehend or under- stand, to distinguish, to consider. M.G. gaumjan, to perceive, give heed to, A.S. gyman or geomian.

Gaumless, adj. stupid, unobservant, vacant, without much sense ; as, "A gaumless gannet"=A great simple- ton. A.S. gymeleas.

Gauntry. See Gantree.

Gaup, n. a stupid stare.

Gaustering, adj. imperious, dictatorial.

Gauvey, n. a dunce. See Gaaby and Gaup.

Gavelock, n. an iron crowbar, chiefly used for making holes for hedge- stakes. "W. gaflach, a javelin, A.S. gaveloc, a javelin.

Gay, adj. considerable, moderately nu- merous or large ; as, " A gay bit " = A considerable piece or quantity.

Gay, adv. considerably : as, "A gay fine day ;" "A gay guid an."

Geal, v.i. to be benumbed with cold.

Gear, n. harness, tackle of any kind, furniture ; as plough-^ear, cart-^ear, etc. A.S. gearwa, clothing, prepar- ation.

Gearum, Out of (the g soft), out of order.

Geb, v.i. to stare about vacantly, with the chin or face turned upwards.

Gee (g soft), v.i. to agree, to suit to- gether.

Gee, interj. a word of command used by carters to make a horse go to the right. N. Fris. jii.

Gee -ho. A phrase addressed to horses to make them go.

Geen, )

Glen,' \P-P- «"»•

Geld, v.t. a tax or imposition.

Geld, v.t. (1) to castrate. (2) To de- prive the female amongst animals of the power of generation. Isl. gelda.

Geld, adj. barren ; as, "A geld cow or ewe "=a cow or ewe not with young at the usual time. O.N. geld, infe- cundus.

Gelt, adj. barren or impotent. See Geld.

Gem, Pr. of game. M. gamm, O.N. gaman, pastime, sport, game, Dan. gammen, to be sportive.

Gem. See Gam.

Gemmer, ) n. (g soft) a small hinge for

Gimmer, j a closet or desk door.

Gerse, n. grass. A.S., O.Fris., and Du. gers.

Gerse, v.t. to graze. "To gerse out cattle "= To send them out to gist. O.N. gresia, to graze.

Gersing, n. pasturage.

Gersy, adj. grassy.

Gert, ) adj. (1) great. (2) Large with

Girt, ] child. (3) On intimate terms with any one ; as, " They're fearful girt " = Exceedingly intimate with each other.

Gessling, n. a gosling.

Getten, p.p. got. O.N. gettinn.

Geyan, p.p. gone.

Geyap, Pr. of gape. O.N. gapa, hiante ore intueri.

Gib, n. (1) a hook. (2) A hooked stick. Fr. gibbeux, gibbous, crooked.

Gibbet. " To gibbet a toad " = To place it on a lath or piece of wooden hoop, and, by striking one end, project it violently into the air.

Gibble-gabble, n. idle, nonsensical talk

Gie, v.t. to give.

Giest, Pr. of joist.

Gifts, n. white specks on the finger- nails, said to portend gifts.

Gigly (g soft), adj. unsteady, likely to be upset.

Gike (g soft), v.i. to creak.

Gildert, n. a snare of horse-hair. O.N. and O.Sw. gilder, a snare, a gin, 0. Dan. gilder, id.

Gill, n. a narrow valley, ravine, or dell, usually with a small but rapid stream running through it. Isl. gil, hiatus montium.

Gill (g soft), n. half a pint.

Gilliver (g soft), n. (1) a wanton wench. (2) A gilliflower.

Gilt, n. (1) a spayed sow. (2) A young female pig. A.S. gilte, a young sow, O.N. gilta, porca, Dan. gylt, a young sow.

Gimble, v.i. to walk pigeon-toed, or with the toes turned inwards.

Gimlick, Corr. of gimblet,

Gimma, Corr. of give me.

Gimmer, n. an ewe lamb or sheep. Dan. gimmer-lam, an ewe lamb, S.G. gimmer, Sw. gimmer, a sheep pro- ducing young for the first time, Dan. gimmer, an ewe that has not lambed.

Gin, n. (1) an engine, contrivance. Still

used for a trap or snare. (2) A

wooden perpendicular axle, which

has arms projecting from its upper

35

GI

GO

part that furnish the means of yok- ing a horse or horses for the purpose of turning it round and winding up a rope attached to something to be raised; as coal from a pit, water from a shaft, etc.

Ginnel, n. (1) a hollow in which water runs. C£ Arm. gemot, a channel, Corn, gannel. (2) A narrow entrance or passage, a gorge. A.S. gin, a gaping, narrow opening, a abyss.

Ginners, n. the gills of a fish. O.N. gin, a gaping, S.G. gina, to extend the jaws, AS. ginimi, to open, to yawn.

Girdle, n. a circular plate of iron on which cakes are baked.

Girn, v.i. to grin, to snarl. 0 .N. grenia, to snarl, S.G. grina, M. gym, to grin.

Girnin', adj. grinning. " I good girnin arnest "= In downright earnest.

Gise (g soft), v.t. to put cattle out to grass at a sum agreed on per head. See next word.

Gist (g soft), v.t. to agist, to pasture out cattle on hire.

Gist ; used adjectively to describe cattle taken in to depasture at a stipulated price.

Glsting, n. the agistment of cattle.

Git, Pr. of get. "Is ta gaaen to git deead ?"=Is thou going to die ?

Gitpenny, n, an old term for a play that turned out profitable.

Git, n. offspring, stock. " It's net a bad git "= Not a bad breed, stock.

Give again, v.i. to thaw, to yield, of a frost ; to relax through damp or fer- mentation.

Give back, v.i. to recede, from purpose or place, to give way.

Give the sack, to dismiss.

Give out, v.i. to fail ; of a supply.

Give over, v.i. to discontinue, leave off; of persons engaged in anything, of rain, a storm, etc.

Given, adj. disposed, inclined.

Gizle (g soft), v.i. to walk mincingly.

Gizzern, n. the gizzard.

Glad, adj. smooth, easy ; of a door or bolt that goes smoothly or slips easily.

Gladden, v.t. to soften, to make smooth.

Gladly, adv. nicely, readily.

Gladsome, adj. pleasant.

Glaping, n. a sauntering idly about.

Glassiver, n. a glazier.

Glazzen, v.t. to glaze.

Glazzener, n. a glazier. 36

Glead, n. the kite. A.S. Glender, v.i. to stare. Glent, v.i. (1) to peep, look aside. (2) To go aside.

GliM,' | n- a SlimPse'

Gliff, n. a transient sight, a glimpse.

Glish, ) v.i. to glitter or shine. Teut.

Glisk, ) gleissen, to glister.

Glister, v.i. to glitter or sparkle. Du.

glijsteren, id., O.N. gleestr, splendidus,

splendide ornatus. Glister, Corr. of clyster. Gloaming, n. twilight. A.S. glomung,

twilight. Gloam, v.i. to become partially dark.

" Gloaming for heat " = Becoming

hazy, as before heat. Gloo, v.i. to squint. Glooar, v.i. to stare, to gaze with dilated

eyes. Du. gluuren, to leer, ogle, spy,

peep, N.Fris. gloar, glo, to stare, to

gaze, Dan. gloe. Glop, v.i. to stare. Isl. glopur, a fool,

S.G. glop, fatuus, stultus, O.Fris.

glupa, to look, to peep, to look

sullenly. Gloppen, (1) v.t. to startle. (2) v.i. To

feel astonished, to be startled. Gloppened, adj. stupified with amaze- ment, astonished, confounded. Gloppers, n. blinkers for a horse.

SJ0!!' . I See Glooar.

Glower,

Gloum, v.i. to darken, to grow gloomy.

Glnmp'd, adj. gloomy.

Glumping, adj. surly, sulky.

Gnaa, Pr. of gnaw.

Gnag, v.t. to gnaw. AS. gnagan, to

gnaw, O.N. gnaga. Gnar, n. a knot in wood. Gnar, v.i. to quarrel, to growl, to snarl. Gnarl, (1) v.i. to snarl. (2) v.t. To

gnaw, to work with the teeth as a

dog does at a bone. Gnatter, (1) v.i. to grumble, find fault

in a peevish way. (2) v.t. To gnaw. Gnattery, adj. ill-tempered. Goaster, v.i. to laugh loudly. Gob, n. (1) the mouth. "Hod the' gob"

= Cease your prate. Gael, gob, M.

gob, the mouth. (2) Idle talk, prate.

(3) A portion, a lump ; as, " a gob of

suet," etc. Gobbet, n. the mouth. Gobble, v.t. to do anything fast. Gob -full, n. mouthful. Gobslotch, n. a dirty, voracious eater.

GO

GR

Gobstick, n. a spoon.

Goddill ! "A Qoddill /"= If God will, if it please God.

God-speed, n. success, prosperity ; a benevolent wish at the commence- ment of an undertaking. "I wish you God-speed."

Goflf, n. a foolish clown, a silly fellow, an oaf. N.Fr. goffe, clownish, ill- dressed, clumsy.

Gofering, n. a sort of crimping per- formed on frills, etc.

Goggy, n. an egg. W. gocwy, an egg that has the shell hardened, as dis- tinguished from a wind-egg.

Goldspink, n. a goldfinch.

Gollin, n. a marigold.

Golsh, v.t. to gulp.

Gomerel, n. a blockhead.

Gooast, Pr. of ghost.

Gooat, Pr. of goat.

Good (rhymes with food), ) n. the ox-

Gowd, ) eye daisy.

Good-feaw, adj. a fair number.

Good-like, adj. handsome.

Goodman, n. the husband or master of a house ; as, " My goodman is frae heyam " = My husband is not at home.

Goods, n. cattle.

Good to nought : good for nothing.

Good-woman, n, a wife. " Wait t'l my good-woman comes."

Goold, Pr. of gold.

Gor, adj. rotten, decayed.

Gor, n. a sea-gull.

Gorgeons (Pr. of gudgeons), n. iron

pins fixed into a gate-post to hang

the gate upon.

Gorrish, } ■,■ i -.

Go ' > adj. large and coarse.

Gossamer, n. (1) down of plants. (2) Cobwebs. (3) Vapour arising from marshy ground in warm weather.

Gossip, n. a sponsor at baptism. A.S.

Goud, Pr. of gold. SZLSpink' \ See Goldspink.

Goudy,

Goupen, adv.'&s much as can be held in both hands when open together. O.N. gaupn, cava manus, S.G. gbpen, hollow of the hand, Sw. gopen.

Gowk, n. a fool, a simpleton. A,S. geac, a cuckoo, O.N. gaukr, S.G. gbk, cuculus. This identity between a cuckoo and a simpleton, though com- mon to other languages with the

Lonsd. pro v., I never could see the reason of. [I believe there is no real connection between the name of the cuckoo and the word Gowk, a fool. The latter may be probably identified with gauk, gauky, which Mr. Wedgwood refers to O.E. awke. Ed.]

Grabble, v.t. to grope. " To grabble for trout ;" i.e. to grope in holes for them.

Gradely, adj. proper, complete, good. " He's a gradely fellow "= A respect- able and honourable person.

Gradely, adv. properly, skilfully, com- pletely, decently, orderly.

Graining, n. the fork of a tree.

Grains, n. (1) the branches, as of a tree. (2) The prongs of a fork. O.N. grein, ramus, S.G. gren.

Grange, n. a large farm-house and de- pendent buildings, Originally that belonging to the lord of the manor, or to a monastery, as Beaumont-^ra^e, ~Ellel-grange, etc. M.L. grangia, a granary, a grange or farm-house, N.Fr. grange, a barn.

Granny-hitch, n. an awkwardly made bow or knot, etc.

Greaw-dog, n. a greyhound.

Gree, v.i. to agree.

Greedy, v.i. to long for.

Green, adj. unseasoned; applied to wood.

Greeney, n. the green grosbeak, or green linnet.

Greenhand, n. one who is awkward at any work from inexperience.

Green-hew, n. the right of cutting hollies and evergreens in winter for sheep, etc.

Greet, v.i. to weep, to lament (pret. grat). O.Fris. greta, to make a com- plaint, O.N. grata, M.G. gretan, A.S. grcetan, Sw. grata, Dan. grcede.

Greeyan, Pr. of groan. [sand.

Gr6t, n. fine gravel, sand. O.Fris. gret,

Greyap, Pr. of grope.

Greyav, Pr. of grave, to dig or cut peats. "To greyav torf"=To cut or dig out peats. O.N. grafa, grafa torf, efFodere csespites, Dan. grave, Sw. grafva, M.G. graban.

Grey-George, n. a large stone bottle. Fr. bouteille de gris.

Grig, n. (1) a greyhound. (2) A cricket. "As merry as a grig."

Grike, n. crevice, chink, or rut.

Grime, v.t. to mark or daub with soot. O.N. grlma, to begrime.

37

GR

HA

Grime, n. soot or smut.

Grimm', n. a sprinkling ; as, "A grimirf o' sna"=A slight fall of snow.

Grimy, adj. sooty.

Grip, n. (1) a small open ditch. (2) The space between the stalls in a double- stalled cow-house.

Grip, ) v.t. to make shallow ditches or

Gripe, ] grips.

Gripe, n. a three-pronged dung-fork.

Gripe, v.t. to seize, to embrace. O.N. O.Fris. and Sw. gripa, A.S. gripan, Dan. gribe,

Gripes, n. a pair of wooden pincers with long handles for weeding corn.

Grisled, adj. grisly, frightful.

Groan, n. the noise made by a buck at rutting time.

Groats ; always used along with the blood in the composition of black puddings ; hence the proverb current in Lonsdale, " Blood without groats is nowt," meaning that family with- out fortune is of no consequence.

Grobble, v.t. to make holes. See Grab- ble, which is merely a form of this.

Grogram, n. a coarse kind of silk taffety.

Groon, n. the snout of a pig.

Groop, n. the channel of a shippon.

Grooves, n. the turnings within the hole of a screw plate, and the little hollows in a screw-pin, are called the grooves.

Groping, n. (1) a mode of ascertaining whether geese or fowls have eggs. (2) A mode of catching trout by tickling them with the hands under rocks or banks.

Grosh, adj. fat, luxuriant.

Growing -day, A, a warm moist day suited to make plants grow well, to promote vegetation.

Grabbin-mattock, n. an instrument or tool to grub roots or trees with.

Grubby, adj. (1) poor. (2) Testy, peevish.

Gruff, adj. surly, rude, imperious.

Grum, adj. angry, surly.

Grump, v.i. to growl, to grumble.

Grand, Pr. of ground.

Grand, v.t. to grind.

Grandwark, n. foundation.

Grannelstone, ) . •, ,

Granstan, \n' a B™***»

Grunsel, Pr. of groundsel. A.S. grund- swelige, Gael, grunnasg, M. grundsyl.

Gud, Pr. of good.

Guest, n. a creature or person. "An ill guest " = a bad-looking fellow. 38

Guil-fat. See Gail-fat. Guider, n. a tendon. Gullet, n. a small stream. Guide-stoop, n. a guide post. Gulley, n. a large knife used in farm- houses, principally to cut bread, cheese,

etc. for the household. Gummy, adj. thick, swollen. Gumption, n. talent, understanding,

comprehension combined with energy.

Goth, gaumjan. Gumptious, adj. quarrelsome, rough,

heedless, careless. Gup ! go up ! An exclamation addressed

to a horse. Gush, n. a gust of wind. Gutling, n. a glutton. Gutter, n. a small stream of water deep

and narrow. Guy, v.t. to guide or direct. Guy-reyap, n. a guy-rope, or rope used

to guide or direct the fall of a tree,

or stones as they are hoisted into

their places in buildings. Gyge ) (g soft), v.i. to creak like a Gyke ] wheel that wants grease. Gyle -fat, n. a brewing vat or wash-nop,

a water-nop ; also a tub for rain. See

Gailfat, which is merely a phonetic

variation of this word.

Ha, Contr. of ha'e for have.

Ha ! ) interj. a word of command used

Hah ! ] by carters to make their horses

go to the left. Haac, Pr. of hawk.

Haafd, } Pr- of holcL

Haalds, Pr. of holds. "Fish haalds" = Places of security where fish lodge under banks, etc.

Haams, n. See Heyams.

Haap'ny, Pr. of halfpenny.

Haathorn, Pr. of hawthorn.

Hack, n. a stone-pick, or mattock, used by excavators ; and also in trenching land, for loosening the earth previous to digging it out. Sw. hacka, a hoe, Dan. hakke, a mattock. .

Hack at, v.t. to talk at a person per- tinaciously.

Hackberry. See Hagberry.

Hackle, v.i. to dress, array, to trim up ; as, " Cum, lass, git thlsel' hackled."

HA

HA

Hack-pudding, n. (1) a kind of large dumpling eaten at sheepshearings. (2) A mess made of sheep's heart, chopped with suet and sweet fruits.

Haffle, v.i. to stammer, to prevaricate, to falter.

Hag, v.t. to hew, chop, or hack.

Hag, n. an enclosure, a wood. A.S. haga, an enclosure, O.N. hagi, 1. sepes, 2. pascuum, S.G. Aa^, sepi- mentum, etc., Sw. hage, pasture ground enclosed.

Hag, n, a lot or set portion of work, as distinguished from day work ; as, " I wark be t' hag, an net be t' day " = 1 work by the hag, i.e. by the job, and not by the day.

Hag, n. a certain division of wood in- tended to be cut. In England, when a set of workmen undertake to fell a wood, they divide it into equal por- tions by cutting off a rod, called a hag-stdk, three or four feet from the ground, to mark the divisions, each of which is called a hag.

Hagberry, the bird-cherry (Prunus padus). Sw. hdggebar.

Haggle, (1) v.i. to drive a hard bargain. (2) v.t. To cut irregularly. (3) To tease.

Hag-stock, n. a block to chop wood upon. " As foul as t' hagstock"

Hagues, n. haws.

Hail-shot, n. common shot.

Haips, n. a sloven.

Hake, v.i. to go about amongst other idlers.

Halo' ( a(%' *™^^» bashful, shy. Halch, v.t. to noose, to tie : the former

more especially. Half-baked, adj. raw, half-silly. Halfpenny, To keep one's hand on

one's = To be near or stingy. Haliday, Pr. of holiday. "Blind man's

holiday "= Twilight. Halla-een, n. All-hallows-eve, the vigil

of All Saints' day. Hallen, n. the partition between the

door and the fire-place. Hallen-pin, n. a pin fixed in the hallen

for hanging hats, etc. on. Hallen-post, n. the post at the ex- tremity of the sconce. Ham, n. the thigh.

Hammer-bleat, n. the note of a snipe. Hammer, (1) v.i. to stammer. (2) v.t. To

beat severely.

deeoth."

Hammle, v.i. to halt, to walk lame or clumsily.

Ham-sam, adv. disorderly, confusedly, promiscuously.

Hamshackle, v.t. to fasten the head of a vicious animal to one of its fore-legs.

Hand, To swap even, to exchange without advantage.

Hand afore, He's any = Ready and prepared for any undertaking.

Handbrede, n. a hand's breadth. AS. handbrosd, 0. Fris. handbrede, Sw. handbredd, hand breath.

Hand- clout, n. a towel.

Handersome, adj. meddling.

Hand-running, adv. without interrup- tion.

Handsel, v.i. to have the first use of anything. A.S. handsylen, a giving into the hands, O.N. handselia.

Handsel, n. the first money received for the sale of goods. A.S. hand- selen, a putting others into possession, O.N. handsal, S.G. handsel, merci- monii divenditi primitiee, Sw. hand- sol, Dan. handsel.

Hand-staff, n. the handle of a flail.

Hands-turn, n. a single act of work or occupation. " She niver duz a hands- turn "= She never turns her hand to any labour.

Handy, adj. ready, expert, clever. S.G. handig, nimble, quick, active.

Handy-cuffs, n. blows.

Hang-gallows, n. a villain, a fellow who deserves the gallows.

Hang in the bell ropes, To, to be asked in church by banns and then defer the marriage.

Hangment, n. the devil ; as, " To play the hangment " = To be much en- raged ; "What the hangment f" An expression of surprise.

Hank, n. a rope or loop for fastening a gate. " To keep a good hank upon your horse " = To have a good hold of the reins. " To have a hank on another = To have him entangled.

Hank, v.t. (1) to fasten. (2) To form into hanks or skeins.

Hank, n. a skein of thread or worsted. O.N. hdnki, haunk, Sw. hank, string.

Hankie, v.t. to entangle silk, thread, or worsted.

Hankisher, Corr. of handkerchief.

Hap (seldom used), n. chance, fortune. 39

HA

HE

Hap, v.t. to wrap or cover up warmly. Happen, adv. perhaps, possibly. Ellip- tical for " It may happen." Happen-on, v.i. to meet with, to be

lucky. " If I sud happen-on " = If

I should be lucky, or meet with him. Happin', ) n. any kind of covering or Haps, ] wrapping for bed or body. Hard, adj. (1) sour-; said of ale. S.G.

hard, de potulentis . . . quod ascescere

incipit, hard dricka. (2) Hardy,

strong, tough, not easily put out of

the way. Hard of hearing, more or less deaf. Hard laid on, burdened, oppressed ; as ' by heavy charges or assessment, by

sickness, or the like. Hard-by, adv. very near. Harden, v.t. to air clothes. Hard-grain, n. a present of wheat or

money made to children at Christmas. Hardheads, n. (1) the plant knapweed.

(2) The seed -heads of the rib-grass

or plantain. Hardiment, n. courage. Hardwood trees, n. trees that change

their leaves annually. Hard set, adj. scarcely able ; as, hard

set to make a living. Hark-ye-but ! do but hearken ! Harnish, Pr. of harness. Harnes, n. the brains. Harn-pan, n, the skull. Harra, Pr. of harrow. Harra-bulls, n. the wooden frame of a

harrow. Harrest, Corr. of harvest. Harrish (Pr. of harass), v.t. to overwork

bodily or mentally. Harry -behint, an appellation for any- one who is behind time. Harry-lang-legs, n. a long-legged fly of

the genus Tipula or Cranefly. Harsk, adj. dry, astringent. S.G. hwrsfc,

hard, sour, severe. Harstan, n. Corr. of hearthstone. Hartree, n. the thick upright post of a

gate, into which the bars are put. Hask, adj. parched, harsh, dry ; also

with a special application to the

weather. See Harsk. Haspert, n. a rough fellow. Haspin, n. an idle fellow, a hunks. Haster, n. a tin meat-screen. Hasty - poddish, n. porridge hastily

made of oat-meal and water. Hath ye ! Hark you ! Do you listen ! Hattock, n. a shock of corn consisting 40

of ten sheaves, eight placed by twos against each other, and two, called hood-sheaves, covering over the tops, or grain-ends of the rest.

Hauf-thick, adj. half-fat. " She's nob- but hauf '-thick "=Not fat enough for the butcher ; only half fed.

Haugh, n. a green plot in a valley. A frequent name for fields ; as, " Lang- rig haugh."

Haups, n. a gawky.

Hause, n. (1) a narrow passage like a throat. (2) A narrow connecting ridge like a neck (generally applied to places of this description amongst mountains, as Swirrel hause). O.N. and A.S. hals, a neck, a rather long hill, S.G. hals, a hill, Sw. hals, a neck, M.G. hals.

Hawer-girse, n. wild oats.

Havver, n. oats. O.N. hafr, avena, S.G. hafra, Sw. hafre, oats, N.Fr. haveron, wild oats.

Hawer-bread, n. oat-bread.

Hawer-keyak, n. oat-cake.

Havver-meal, n. oat-meal. Sw. haf- remjol.

Havver-riddle, n. a sieve for oats.

Hawer-seck, n. an oat-meal bag.

Hawbuck, n. a silly clown.

Hawk, v.i. to cough, to bring up phlegm, to expectorate. W. hochi, to throw up phlegm, hoch, a hawking.

Hay- chick, ) n. a name for the White-

Hay-chat, ) throat.

Hay-girs, n. grass intended for hay.

Hay-knife, n. a knife used for cutting hay out of the stack.

Hay-mow, n. a quantity of hay stored away in a barn.

Hazy, adj. drizzling.

Hegh, Pr. of high.

He, you ; as, " Will he come an see us?" = Will you come and see us? Used to adults as well as to children. [Comp. the Germ, idiomatic use of Sie ; as, "Haben sie is ? " = Have you it ? Literally, Have they it ? Ed.]

Head, Pr. of head. "Head and plucks" = The refuse of timber trees. " He took it up of his own head"=Ke taught himself. " To set their heads together " = To consult.

Headriggs, n. the riggs or butts in a ploughed field which lie close to the hedges and run parallel to them, but at right angles to all the rest of the riggs (if the field be square).

HE

HE

Head-wark, n. the headache.

Heady, adj. self-willed.

Heaf, n. the particular place where a

flock of sheep feeds on a common or

mountain. Heafin', n. a tending or watching, as

of sheep or cattle on a mountain. Heal, Pr. of whole.

Heald, v.t. (1) to rely on. (2) To in- cline a vessel in order to empty it.

A.S. healdan, to incline, lean, O.N.

halla, S.G. hcella, inclinare. Healo. See Hala. Healsome, Pr. of wholesome. Heams. See Heyams. Heap (Pr. of hoop), n. a measure, four

hoops being one peck. Heart, n. the stomach. Heart, To have broken the, (of any

piece of work) = To have done the

greater part of it. Heart in a nut-shell, To have one's,

to act like a coward. Hearten, v.t. to encourage, to inspirit. Hear-ye-but : an expletive, denoting

surprise and astonishment. Heas, v.i. to chill. Heat, Pr. of hot and heat. Heave, v.t. to pour corn from a scuttle

before the wind. Heavisome, adj. somewhat heavy. Heaw, Pr. of hew. [bridge.

Hebble-tree, n. the hand-rail on a foot- Heck, ) n. the moveable hinder Heck-boord, ) part of a cart. Heck ! interj. used to draught horses to

direct them to come near. Heck, n. (1) a half door, an inner door

into a house. (2) A rack for hay or

other fodder. Heckberry. See Hagberry. Heckle, v.t. to dress tow or flax. Du.

helcelen. Heckle, n. an instrument with iron

teeth for dressing tow or flax. Du.

hekel, N.Fris. hdgel, M. heckyl, S.G.

hcekla, instrumentum dentatum, quo

linum carminatur. Heckler, n. a tow or flax dresser. Du.

kekelaer. Hed, pret. of To have. Hedd, pret. of To heed. Hedden, p.p. of To have. Heddiwissen : had I known. Hedge-bote, n. timber, fire-wood. Heeard, pret. and p.p. of To hear. Heel, n. the rind of cheese, the last bit

of a crust of bread.

Heeler, n. a poser, a silencer.

Heerin', Pr. of herring.

Heerse, Pr. of hearse.

Heft, n. a haft, handle. A.S. hceft, Du.

heft. Heft, Louze i' t', = Careless, of loose

character and conduct. Heft, Tight i' t', = Near, close-fisted,

stingy, cautious. Heigh, v.n. to make haste ; as, " Was

he heighing hissel ? " Heigh-ho, v.i. to yawn. Heighmost, adj. highest. Heighst, Pr. of highest. Heighth, Corr. of height. Heir, v.t. to inherit from anyone. Heiring-syke, n. a brook near Burton

which divides Lancashire from West- moreland. Helk, n. a large, heavy person. Helks, n. large clouds, or large crags. Hellered, adj. swollen, inflamed. Hell on, v.t. to pour water on flour to

make bread. Isl. hella, to pour out. Helter (Pr. of halter), n. a horse-collar

made of hemp. Helve, n. the haft of a spade. A.S.

helf, a handle. Hennel-coal, a name for Cannel-coal. Hennot, Corr. of have not. Henpenny, n. the herb Melampyrum

cristatum. Hens, n. cocks and hens, poultry in

general. O.N. hcens, galli et gallinse,

Sw. hdns, poultry, Dan. hons, id. Hen-scratchins, n. small cirrous white

clouds, said to indicate rain or wind. Hen-silver, ) n. money given at a mar- Hen-money, \ riage at the church- door by the bridegroom, or sent to

poor neighbours. Henting, n. the portions of subsoil

raised with the plough to cover seed

sown. See next word. Henty, n. the opening between two

riggs of ploughed land ploughed up

to cover the seed. Herd, n. one whose business it is to

take care of cattle: otherwise Hind. Hereaways, adv. hereabout, Herefter, Pr. of hereafter. Cf. O.Fris.

hirefter, Sw. harefter. Heron-sew, n. a name of the heron. Hesp, v.t. to pick off the ends of goose- berries. Hesp, v.t. to hasp or fasten the latch

of a door. A.S. hcepsian, O.N. "

a latchet.

41

HE

HO

Hesp, n. a hasp or fastening for a gate, etc.

Hespert, n. a rough fellow.

Hesta ? Hast thou ?

Hett, p.p. of To heat.

Heugh, n. a rocky hill. Sounded strongly guttural. See Cleugh.

Heuk (Pr. of hook), n. a crook, a bill- hook.

Hewt, v.t. to hit the heels and ancles together in walking.

Heyam, Pr. of home. " He's net o' at hey am " = He is wanting in intellect.

Heyams, Pr. of hames ; two pieces of wood attached to a horse's collar, and having the trace-chains made fast to them. Du. hamme, a collar or yoke.

Heyamstead, n. a homestead. A.S. hamstede.

Heyar, Pr. of hare or hair.

Hezzle, v.t. to beat, to thrash soundly with a hazel-stick.

Hezzle, Pr. of hazel.

Hezzling, ) n. a severe beating. " I'll

Hezzle-oil, \ give him some hezzle-oil."

Hide, v.t. to beat or flog. O.N. hi/ da, to flog.

Hide-bund, adj. (1) of a cow or ox in bad condition. (2) Stingy ; of a person.

Hidlands, adv. secretly. [in a pet.

Hig, To take the, to take offence, to be

Hig, n. the main difficulty. Fr. hie. "C'est Id le hie" = That's the rub.

Higgle, v.t. to work at anything slowly and pertinaciously. O.N. hygla, to handle or deal with gently or mildly.

Highty, n. a child's name for a horse.

Hill, v.t. to cover, to earth up. " To hill up peys."

Hilling, n. a covering.

Hind, n. (1) a farm bailiff. A.S. hina, a domestic, a servant. (2) One en- trusted with the charge of cattle.

Hindberry, n. the wild raspberry.

Hinder-end, n. the last part of the person, or of a thing.

Hinder- ends, n. refuse corn, such as remains after it has been winnowed.

Hindersome, adj. retarding, hindering.

Hing, v.t. to hang. " To king the lip" = To pout, to look sullen.

Hinger-on, n. a parasite.

Hingin, n. a hinge. "To be off the hingins" = To be out of health.

Hinmost, Pr. of hindmost.

Hipe, ) v.t. to push with the head as

Hike, ) horned cattle do. 42

Hippins, n. infants' napkins. Hippin-stans, n. large stepping-stones

in a brook for foot-passengers. Hir, pers. pron. of them. Gen. pi. of he. Hir at him, ) an expression used in Hur at him, ) urging dogs to attack

each other, or any other creature. Hirdum-durdum, n. an uproar. Hire, n. a condiment or relish. "White

fish is poor stuff without hire." Hirin(g), n. a statute fair, a fair for

hiring servants. Hirple, v.i. to limp, to walk lame. Hirst, n. a bank or sudden rising of

the ground, a ridge, an elevation. Hisk, v.i. to gasp or draw breath with

difficulty. Pin. yska, tussis, yskin,

yskitdn, tussim moveo. Hissel, pron. himself. "He's net hisseV

= He is out of his mind. Hit, v.n. to succeed, turn out well ; as,

" The crop's gaan ta hit "=The crop

is going to be a good one. Hit it, To, to agree. Hit it with, To, to fall in with another's

disposition or temperament. Hitch, v.i. to become entangled. Hitch, n. (1) a kind of knot. (2) A halt

in the gait. Hitch, v.i. to fidget. Hitten, p.p. of To hit. Hitty-missy, adv. at random. Ho, Pr. of hall. Hoaf, Pr. of half. Hoafen, n. a half-witted person, a

fool. Hoaf nowt (Pr. of half-nought, and

used as a n.), almost nothing. Hoast, n. a cough.

Hob, ) n. the flat side of a fire-

Hob-end, ) grate, on which the tea- kettle or the like may be set. Hobbly, adj. rough, uneven. Hobbying, n. riding a hobby. Hocker, v.i. (1) to do work clumsily

and awkwardly. (2) To crouch over

the fire. Hocker, n. one who sits at home. Hod, Pr. of hold.

Hods her milk, The cow, the cow re- fuses to give her milk. Hod wi', To, to agree in opinion with

another. Hod, n. hold, possession. Hodden, p.p. of To hold. Hoddin, n. a piece of leather connect- ing the handstaff of a flail with the

soople.

HO

HO

Hodlad, n. the plant bedstraw or bind- weed (Galium). Hod-ta, Corr. of hold thou, desist. Hoff, n. the hough of a horse, or a leg

of beef. Hoffle, n. broth made of the houghs of

cattle. Hog, n. a sheep a year old. N. Fr.

hogety, a young sheep. Hog, n. a place for preserving potatoes

or turnips during the winter. W.

hwg, a nook or corner. Hog, v.t. to put potatoes, turnips, etc.

into a hole or pit to preserve them. Hoggarth, n. an inclosure to fold

lambs in. Hoggers, n. upper stockings without

feet, like gaiters. Hoggest, n. a shed for sheep and young

cattle. Hogget, n. a sheep after it has passed

its first year. Hog-hooal, n. a hole left for the passage

of sheep through a wall or fence from

inclosed pastures into the open or

common lands. Hog-woo', n. wool from year-old sheep. Hoice, v.t. to hoist. Hoity-toity, (1) adj. haughty, flighty.

(2) inter}, (denoting surprise). O.N.

hutututu, interjectio cum ardore et

desiderio interrogantis. Est id. qu.

Angl. hoitytoity ! inter j. tarn mirantis,

quam adfirmantis et negantis ? Ex.

gr. "Hoity-toity, what's to do here ? "

i.e. quid, malum, turbse hie est ? Hold, v.i. to take care, to beware. Hole, v.i. to hide ; to go to earth, as a

fox. "He's holed" = He's gone into

the house. Holl o' winter : the depth of winter. Holl o' neet : the dead of the night. Hollin, n. the holly. A.S. holegn, M.

hollyn. Holm, n. (1) a small island, as Holme

Island, near Grange. (2) Low lying

flat land, low ground, sometimes or

originally environed with water ; as

Hornby Holms. O.N. holm, holmi,

insula, O.Fris. holm, Sw. holme, Dan.

holm. Holt, n. a grove or forest. O.Fris. holt,

A.S. holt. Holus-bolus, adv. all at once. Homered, adj. shaded. Homminy, n. a long uninteresting story,

a recitation, a proclamation : perhaps

Corr. of Homily.

Honed, adj. having the udder swollen and hard, as a cow after calving.

Hoo, pron. he, she. A.S. heo, she, he.

Hood-end, n. the hob of a grate.

Hooders, } n. the uppermost

Hood-sheaves, > sheaves of a hat-

Hudds, ) tock or shock of

grain, which are so placed as to form a kind of roof.

Hool, v.i. to shiver with cold.

Hoon, v.t. to ill-treat, to oppress.

Hoop, n. a measure, four hoops making one peck. See Heap. W. hob, a measure of various capacities.

Hoorse, Pr. of hoarse.

Hooved, adj. callous, hard.

Hooze, n. a difficult breathing or half cough peculiar to cattle.

Hopper, n. a seed basket used in sow- ing corn broadcast.

Hoppin', n. a country fair or wake, at which dancing is a principal amuse- ment.

Hopple, v.t. to tie the feet of an animal to prevent it straying.

Hop-skip-and-loup ; a boys' game, in which they try which can clear the most ground by one of each of these modes of progression.

Horl, v.i. to shiver. See Hool.

Horn, n. a drinking cup or glass. O.N. horn, poculum.

Horny, n. a knorr made of horn, used in playing at Spell and knorr.

Horple. See Hirple.

Horses together, They don't put up their = They are not on friendly terms.

Horsegogs, n. wild plums.

Horse-knop, n the plant knapweed.

Horse-pennies, n. the plant yellow- rattle, or penny-grass (Rhinanthus Crista galli Linn.).

Horsin'-stan, n. a horseblock, or stone steps, to assist people in mounting their horses.

Host, n. a cough. "A kittling host"= A tickling cough. Du. hdst, O.N. hosti, SwC hosta, Dan. hoste.

Hot-foot-hot, adv. and adj. at or in urgent speed.

Hot-pot, n. a dish of meat cut into small pieces, and potatoes, cooked to- gether in the oven.

Hotts, n. panniers to carry turf or slate. Du. hotte, a pannier or basket, Finn, hotti, receptaculum rebus mi- noribus condendis, N.Fr. hotte, a scut- tle or basket to carry on the back. 43

HO

IL

Hon, Pr. of hoe. N.Fr. houe.

Hou ! Inter j. a call-word used by drovers

in driving cattle, intended to quicken

their speed. Houghle, n. the shank of beef. Houm. See Holm. Houm, Pr. of elm. Houpy! houpy! a cry used to call

cows up to be milked. House, v.t. to put corn and other pro- duce into the barn. House, n. (in a farm-house) the kitchen,

or ordinary sitting-room. Housen, n. buildings, houses. Hout, Pr. of holt ; coppice or nut-wood. Hove, pret, of To heave. Hoven, adj. swelled, distended. How, n. a hill, a gentle eminence near

a vale. O.N. haugr, a hill heaped up,

A.S. hou, a mountain. Ho -way : Come away : a word much

used by cattle drivers. Howiver, Pr. of however. How- seeds, n. husks of oats.

Howsomdever, ) ever. Hubbleshows, n. confusion, tumult. Huddle, v.t. (1) to embrace, to squeeze,

to hug, to cuddle. (2) To crowd

together. Germ, hudeln. Huddlin(g), n. an embracing, a cuddling. Huer, n. hail (very rare). Huff, v.t. (1) to offend. " She's easily

huffed." (2) To scold, to treat scorn-

folly.

Huff, n. offence, displeasure. W. wfft, a

scorn, a slight, wfftio, to push away

with disapprobation, to cry shame. Huff, To take the, to take offence. Hug, (1) v.t. to carry anything that is

heavy and awkward. (2) v.i. To run

close side by side. Huggan, n. the hipbone of a horse or

cow. Hug-me-close, n. a name for a fowl's

merry -thought. Huke, Pr. of hook. Huke-nebbed, adj. having a crooked

nose or bill like a hawk. Hull, n. a shed or house for calves or

swine ; as, "A ipig-hull," "A cd^-hulV

A.S. hule, a cabin, Dan. hyle, a cave

or den. Hullet, ) n. an owl ; also a mischievous Hullot, ) child. Fr. hulotte, an owlet,

W. hullad. Hully-hoo, n. an owl. Hum, v.t. to throw anything, as a stone. 44

Hummel, ) n. the humble-bee. Sw.

Hummle-bee, ] humla, to buzz, Dan. humlebi.

Hummen, v.i. to make a low rumbling noise.

Hummock, n. a mound of earth.

Humoursome, adj. capricious.

Hump, v.t. to insinuate.

Hund, Pr. of hound.

Hung'r, v.i. to be famished.

Hungry, adj. very mean.

Hunkered, adj. elbowed, crooked.

Hunniel, n. a covetous person.

Hunnish, v.t. to starve a person for want of food.

Hurkle, v.i. (1) to shudder. (2) To shrug up the back, as cattle in tem- pestuous weather.

Hurtle ; the same as Hurkle.

Hurst, n. a wood.

Hush, v.t. to loosen earthy particles from minerals by running water.

Huskin, n. a clownish fellow.

Hussock, n. a large coarse woman. See Fussock.

Hustle, v.t. to scatter abroad, as apples amongst boys to be scrambled for.

Hut ! hut-away ! an expression of disbelief, or disapprobation. Pshaw !

Hutch, n. a hoard, or store of anything. The field-mouse makes a hutch or store of nuts for winter use.

Hutch, v.i. to shrug the shoulders un- easily.

Huz, Corr. of us.

Huzzif, Pr. of housewife, a needle-case.

Huzzin, n. a husk.

Huzzle, Pr. of hustle.

Hyan, n. a fatal disease amongst cattle.

I (sometimes as e), prep, on, in. O.N. % in, at rest, in contradistinction to in motion towards a place ; as, i sandi, in sand ; Sw. i, Dan. i.

Ice-bone, n. the aitch bone of beef. Du. is or isch-ben, the haunch bone, Dan. iis-been, share bone.

Iceshockles, n. icicles. Du. ysgekels.

I-coaf, Pr. of in calf. Cf. Sw. i-Jcalf.

Iftle, Pr. of if thou wilt.

I'-Goddle, ) Pr. of If God will, or be

I'-Godlin, \ willing.

Ill an, a bad or ill one.

Hl-favvert, adj. ill-looking.

Illify, v.t. to defame.

IL

JE

Ill-set, To be, to be hard put to it ; as,

" I's ill-set to mek a living."

Ill-thing, He Inks like an, he looks badly.

Ill-willed, adj. malevolent.

Ime, n. rime, hoarfrost.

Immy, Contr. of in my.

I-morning : in the morning, to-morrow. O.N. i-morgin, hoc presenti mane, Sw. i-morgen, to-morrow.

Imp, v.t. to add to the capacity of a bee- hive, by inserting a ring of the same material and diameter beneath it.

In-bank, n. inclining ground.

In with a person, To be, to be on good terms with him.

Indermer, ) adj. more or further with-

Innermer, j in.

Ing, n. a marshy meadow. M.G., A.S., and Dan. ing, O.N. eng, pratum, ager non stercoratus.

Ing, a termination of the names of certain places. S.G. ing, terminatio, quam habent nomina propria locorum.

In-ga, v.i. to go in.

Ingate, n. ingress.

Ingle, n. a fire.

In-going, n. an entrance. [tenant."

In-going, adj. entering ; as, "In-going

Inkle, n. narrow tape of peculiar fabric.

Inklin', n. (1) a wish or desire. (2) A suspicion or glimmering of a thing ; a hint or insight into it.

Inkspew, n. the cuttle-fish.

Insense, v.t. to instruct, give some notion of a thing to a person. " To insense him inta it " = To get him to understand it.

Insensing, n. instruction.

Instep, He's rather heigh in his, he is rather proud, haughty.

Intack, n. an enclosure ; part of a common enclosed and planted or sown, while the other part lies wild and unimproved. O.N. intaka, a tak- ing in, S.G. intaka; that which any- one fenced off from any common land, and made his own, he was said to intak, or take in, Sw. intaga, to take possession of.

Intermell, ^.intermeddle.

Intiv, ) . ,

Intui;J^mt0-

w.«+.w f into thee.

Intuth'; ,

I-plat, on the ground ; as, " T ' peats is i-plat yet " = Spread out on the ground.

I-two, in two. " To fall i-two "=To be

brought to bed. I's : I am. I s' : I shall.

Ista ? Corr. of Art thou ? Ist'er ? Corr. of Is there 1 It, Pr. of eat. " They wod net it it "=

They would not eat it. Ivin, n. ivy. Ivven, Pr. of even. Ivvnin, Pr. of evening. Ivvry, Pr. of every. Ivvry-like, adv. every now and then. Izzard, Izzet, ) » ,, , ,, -,7

Izzed ' a name *or ™e letter Z.

Jack-at-a-pinch; a term for a person always ready to act at any call, how- ever sudden or unexpected.

Jack-a-lang-legs, n. the summer fly, also called Daddy-long-legs.

Jackalegs, n. a large clasp knife. From Jacques de Liege, the name of a famous Flemish cutler. (Dr. Jamieson.)

Jackdaa, Pr. of jackdaw.

Jacky, n. a child's night dress. S.G. and Sw. jacka, a gown, Fr. jaquette, a child's coat,

Jaggin(g), n. a small load of hay.

Jail, v.t. to crack or spill.

Jaist, v.t. to agist cattle.

Jamb (Pr. jawm), n. the upright side of a window, door, chimney, etc.

Jannock, n. bread made of rye and oatmeal.

Jannock, adj. (1) upright, honourable, fair. (2) Fit, proper, good. [O.N. jafn, O.Sw. jamn, even, jcemka, to make even, Sw. D. janka, jank, id. Jannock is thus the Northumb. form of E. even, A.S. efen. Ed.]

Jar, v.t. to squabble. " They did nout but jar."

Jarble, v.t. to wet, to bemire.

Jaup, v.t. to splash over in or from a pail or like vessel.

Javver (Pr. of jabber), idle talk.

Jealous, adj. fearful, suspicious, alarmed.

Jemmy-lang-neck, ) n. a name for the

Jemmy-lang-legs,

heron.

Jerdle, v.i. to dance.

Jerry-built, adj. slightly, or unsub- stantially built.

Jert, v.t. (1) to throw a stone under hand. (2) To start. [This word is simply another form of Jerk, and is 45

JE

KE

interesting as illustrating the not in- frequent substitution in the northern dialects of t for k. Ed.].

Jew's -trump, n. a Jew's-harp.

Jige, v.i. to creak.

Jiggetin', n. jolting, shaking.

Jike, v.i. to creak.

Jim, adj. neat, spruce, smart.

Jimp, v.t. to indent or scallop ; as muslin borders, etc.

Jimp, adj. neat in attire, spruce, elegant. Welsh, gwymp, fair, comely, neat.

Jink, v.i. to jingle.

Jinny-hummer, ) ., cockchafer

Jinny-spinner, \ ,l' me C0Cj£Ciiater-

Jizle, v.i. to move about in a twisting manner. See Gizle.

Job, v.i. to fish for eels with a bunch of worms threaded upon worsted, in which material the teeth of the eels become entangled, and so their cap- ture is effected.

Jobby ; familiar for Joseph.

Job-nuts, n. cob-nuts.

Joe, n. (1) a master. " To be,;'oe" = To be master. (2) A jest.

Joggle, v.t. to shake.

Joggly, adj. rough, uneven ; applied to roads, or to a conveyance, etc. " Its nobbut & joggly road."

Jooany-crooan; a name for the heron. A.S. cran, a crane.

Jope, v.t. to spot with dirt. Comp. Jaup.

Jor, v.t. to jostle or push. W. gyru, to thrust, to press.

Joseph, n. a riding habit.

Joup, v.i. to jump.

Jow, v.t. to push or jam with violence.

Jowl, n. (1) the jaw. (2) The head and shoulder of a salmon.

Jowler, n. a thick-jawed hound.

Jummlement, n. confusion.

Jump, n. a child's dress.

Jumper, n. a miner's boring-tooL

Junk, n. a lump, a piece.

Juntish, adj. surly.

Jumut, Pr. of earth nut.

Jyste, Pr. of joist.

Kaaikin', adj. looking about stupidly.

Kaffle, (1) v.t. to perplex or entangle a person in conversation. Probably a Corr. of E. cavil. (2) v.i. To become entangled ; of a skein of thread, twine, etc. 46

Kail, n. (1) greens, cabbage. (2) Broth or pottage. Isl. kal, Dan. kaal, W. cawl, cabbage.

Kail-pot, n. a large metal pot for cooking meat and cabbage together, etc.

Kait. See Kead.

Kamed, adj. cross, ill-tempered, awry.

Kave, v.i. to give an awkward, waver- ing motion to the body.

Kead, n. a sheep's louse.

Keal (Pr. of kail), n. broth. Isl. kaal, olus.

Keb, v.t. to fish in the sea from a boat, for flukes, etc., with a line depending, from which project two cross-sticks, each with its own hook and snooding suspended.

Keck, v.t. (1) to turn up a cart. (2) To refuse with disdain.

Keck, n. a jolt.

Keckle, v.i. to laugh violently.

Keckle, v.i. to cackle.

Ketlock' ( n' cnarl°ck> wild mustard.

Kedge, n. a mischievous child.

Keek, v.i. to peep, to look slily.

Keen, n. caustic.

Keen, v.t. to burn with caustic.

Keen, adj. sharp, earnest, resolute.

Keened : the hands are said to be keened with the frost, when the skin is broken or cracked, and a sore pro- duced.

Keens, n. cracks in the hands ; applied to the chinks in chapped hands. See Kinns.

Keep, n. a reservoir for fish by the side of a river.

Keeps and Creaks, hooks and eyes.

Keigh (pron. like weigh), n. a key.

Keisty, adj. dainty, squeamish.

Keld, n. a spring or well ; as, " Keld Gill Head, Coniston fells. A.S. keld, Germ, quelle, a spring or well, O.N. kelda, fons, Dan. kilde.

Kelk, n. a kick, a blow.

Kelk, v.t. to beat severely.

Kelp, n. sea- weed burnt to make cinder or potash for potters.

Kelter, n. condition, order. "He was i heigh kelter" = ~H.e was in high con- dition. (2) Money, cash.

Kemps, n. coarse hair among wool, coarse fibres.

Ken, v.t. to know, to be acquainted with. O.Fris. and O.N. henna, Du. kennen, S.G. kcenna.

KE

KI

Kenner, n. (1) one who knows. (2) A knowing person. O.N. kennir, qui novit, cognoscit, rei peritus, versatus in aliqua re.

Kennin(g), n. (1) an inkling. (2) The distance a person can see. (3) Re- cognition.

Kenspack, ) ac£/.easilyknown,orknown

Kenspeck, \ by something peculiar. S.G. kennespack, qui alios facile agnoscit.

Kent, p.p. of To ken.

Kep, v.t. to catch anything falling (as a ball). A.S. cepan, to catch, to catch at, Gael, ceap, to catch, stop.

Kep-bo, n. (1) a catch-ball. (2) The game of handball.

Kept, p.p. (1) caught. (2) Guarded.

Kern, n. a churn.

Kernel, n. a knob of flesh. A.S. cyrnel, an indurated gland.

Kerse, Pr. of cress. " W&ter-kerse" watercress.

Kersen, Pr. of Christen.

Kesh, n. white-weed (a kind of hem- lock). Prov. " Hollow as a kesh"

Keshy, adj. having a hollow stem. W. cecysaidd, tubular, like hemlock.

Keslip, ) a calf's stomach salted, being

Keslop, ) the substance used for curd- ling milk for cheese. It is commonly called rennet, or runnet. Du. kaes- lubbe, cheese rennet, Germ, kaslab, A.S. ceselib, milk curdled, curdling, S.G. lf>pe, coagulum. See Loppered.

Kessen, p.p. of To cast. (1) Said of sheep, which often, when heavy in the wool, get cast on their backs in the furrows of a field, where, from the breadth of their backs and the upward slope of the ridge on each side, they are unable to move with- out human aid, and without which they perish. (2) Cast off; as, "kes- sen clyathes "= Cast-off clothes. (3) Warped, not straight ; as, "Kessen planks "= Planks that have become warped.

Kessen-up, Ha' a ? Has he turned up, made his appearance, or been found.

Kest, v.t. (1) to cast. (2) To enumerate.

Kest, n. a twist or contortion. M. kest, a turn or cast.

Kester, Pr. of Christopher.

Ket, n. carrion. O.N. ket or kot, caro, Dan. kiod, flesh, meat, S.G. kott*

Ket-craa, n. the carrion crow.

Ketlock, n. charlock.

Ketment, n. filth, rubbish.

Kevel, v.i. (1) to sprawl or gambol. (2) To climb clumsily.

Kewin, n. a periwinkle. [This is the cuvvin of the Whitby neighbourhood, and of the coast of Durham. O.N. kiifungr, kufungr, N. kuvung, kuungje, the sea-snail or periwinkle. Ed.]

Keyak, Pr. of cake.

Kibble, n. a strong thick stick. S.G. kajie, baculus, cippus.

Kibble, v.t. to chip stones roughly.

Kibty-cobty, adj. loitering, dawdling. "Don't stand kibty-cobty theyar wi' the mouth o' fleetins ;" loiteringly, vacantly, dawdling.

Kick, v.i. to take offence.

Kick, n. fashion, mode ; as, " Aw i' th' kick "= All in the fashion.

Kickish, adj. irritable.

Kickle, adj. uncertain, fickle, unsteady, tottering.

Kid, n. a fagot.

Kid, v.t. to bind up fagots.

Kiddy, n. a small wooden block used in the game of bandy-cat. M. kit, a piece of wood made small at both ends, to play with.

Kilps, n. (1) crooked places, knots. "It hey a deeal of kilps in it"=It has a great many crooks or crooked places places. (2) Pot-hooks.

Kin, n, a chap, a chilblain.

Kin'-cough, n. the whooping cough. A.S. cincung, great laughter (from the in- voluntary convulsions it occasions, like laughter).

Kind, adj. intimate, friendly.

Kindle (pr. kinn'l), v.i. to bring forth young, of a rabbit.

Kindly, adv. (1) naturally. (2) Heartily, well. [An interesting word from its retention, in the meaning which stands first, of its original signifi- cation. Ed.]

King's-cushion, n. a sort of seat made by two boys crossing their hands, for a third, or for a child, to sit and be carried on.

Kink, n. (1) a twist. (2) A violent, convulsive fit of laughter or coughing. Du. kink, a twist, M. kink, a twist in thread or rope.

Kink, v.i. to be affected with a con- vulsive stoppage of breath, through immoderate laughing or crying ; to 47

KI

LA

labour for breath as in the whooping cough. A.S. cincung, great laughter, Teut. kincken, difficulter spirare, Sw. kikna, to pant, to gasp.

Kink-hoost, n. the chincough. Sw. kikhosta, chincough. See Kin' -cough.

Kinns, n. chinks or crevices in rocks, cracks in the skin of the human body. A.S. cine, a chink, cleft, nick.

Kipe, v.i. to insinuate to the disad- vantage of anyone.

Kipper, adj. lively, nimble, light-footed. Fin. kippaan, to hop or leap about sportively.

Kipper : a term applied to salmon after spawning.

Kirk-garth, n. the church-yard. Sw. kyrka-gdrd, church-yard.

Kirtle, v.i. to flaunt, to give oneself airs.

Kissing-bunch, n. a holly or lauresti- nus bush hung up at Christmas, under which young people kiss each other.

Kist, n. a chest. A.S. cist, 0. and N.Fris. Jciste, O.N., S.G., and Sw. kista, W. Jcisti, Gael, ciste, M. khistey, Du. kist, Dan. kiste, Fin. kistu.

Kit, n. (1) a covered milking-pail. (2) A barrel. (3) A brood, a family.

Kitchen, n. a tea-urn,

Kite, n. the belly.

Kith, n. acquaintance. Kith and kin, relations and friends. A.S. tilling, a relation.

Kitle, n. a smock-frock, kirtle, or tunic. W. ceitlen, a smock-frock.

Kitling, n, a kitten.

Kittle, adj. (1) ticklish, difficult. (2) Off one's balance, or easily put out of equilibrium. "As kittle as a mouse- trap."

Kittle, (1) v.t. to tickle. (2) v.i. To itch.

Kittle, v.i. to kitten, of cats.

Kittling, n. a tickling.

Kittlish, adj. ticklish, rather difficult or delicate. Sw. kittlig, ticklish.

Kitty-wren, n. the wren.

Kizzened, adj. parched, withered. Klick-heaks, n. large hooks for catch- ing salmon by day-light. . Knaan, p.p. of To know. Knaanet, Pr. of know not. Knack, v.t. to talk affectedly and min- cingly. " Spooads, said Spoddy, when he iernt to knack."

Knacker, n. a tanner.

Knaggy, adj. (1) ill-tempered. (2) Knotty. Sw. knagg. 48

Knaiyav (Pr. of knave), n. a lad, a

servant. Knap, v.t. (1) to strike. (2) To crop

with the teeth, to bite off. Gael.

knap, strike, beat, Isl. kneppa, to bite. Knap, n. a blow. Gael, knap, a little

blow. Knep, v.t. to nip or crop off small

pieces of anything, as the young

shoots of hedges, by the teeth of

cattle, or the top shoot of a plant to

prevent its farther growth. Knit, (1) v.i. to unite. Bees are said

to knit when they hang in a cluster

together after swarming. (2) v.t. To

tie a knot ; as, "Knit a knot." O.N.

hnyta, nodare, Dan. knytte, to tie in

a knot.

K^0C^.^r" > kneed, adj. knock-kneed.

Knockle, n. a knuckle. Knockled-cow, n. a cow that has newly

calved. Knodden, p.p. of To knead.

|™P' j*i. a large tub.

Knorr, n. (1) a small ball made of heavy wood. See Spell and Knorr. (2) A

Knot, n. a rocky-summit.

Know, Pr. of knoll, a bare rounded hillock, an eminence.

Kregglety, adj. not firm, unstable.

Kringlety-kranglety, adv. in a mean- dering, serpentine, or crooked manner or form.

Kroth, n. a frame to lay sheep on for salving, etc.

Kye, n. pi. cows, kine.

Kyloes, n. small Highland cattle.

Laa, Pr. of low.

Laain (Pr. of lawing), n. going to law.

Labour, v.t. to cultivate the earth.

Laboursome, adj. laborious.

Lace, v.t. to beat or thrash.

Lache, n. a gutter washed by the tide

on the sea shore. Lad, n. (1) a lover, a sweetheart. (2)

A boy-servant ; a low, common youth. Lade, v.t. to take water by hand out of

a pond, etc. " To lade out watter "=

To bale it out, Lad-licked, adj. licked or beaten by a

youth or lad. Lad's-love, n. the plant Southern-wood.

LA

LA

Lady-bird, ) n. the small red beetle

Lady-clock, ] (Coccinella 7-punctata).

Lady's-Smock, n. the plant Cuckoo- flower.

Lafter, n. the number of eggs laid by a hen before she begins to wish to sit.

Lag, adj. slow, last.

Lag, n. the narrow board or stave of a barrel or tub.

Lag, or Lag last, is said by boys when playing at pitch and toss, or other games, in order that they may be- speak the last pitch.

Laggins, n. the part of the wooden frame work upon which the stones are laid when building an arch. S.GL lagg, Du. lag en, a form or mould to make bricks in.

Laidin, n. burthen.

Laik, ) v.i. to play. A.S. Icecan, lacan,

Lake, ] to play, O.N. leika, Dan. lege, Sw. leJca.

Laird, n. a farmer's eldest son, a pro- prietor of land.

Lairly, adj. disagreeable, idle, base.

Lait, v.t. to search, to seek for. O.N. leita, quaerere, Dan. lede, Sw. leta.

Laited, p.p. searched for, found .

Laiyam (Pr. of Lam), v.t. to beat soundly.

Lake, n. a play, a game. A.S. lac, play, sport, O.N. leikr, Dan. leg, Sw. lek.

Lake, v.i, to be costive, said of cattle.

Laker, n. one who plays. O.N. leihari, Fin. leihari, joculator.

Laking, n. a toy.

Lall, v.i. to shoot out the tongue.

Lallop, v. t. to beat, to thrash soundly.

Lallops, n. a slattern.

Lam, v.t. to beat soundly.

Lamb's-wool-sky : a sky characterised by a collection of white orbicular masses of cloud.

Lampers, n. excrescences of flesh above the teeth in horses.

Lang o', O, all owing to ; as, "It's o' lang o' him it was done "=It is all entirely through him it was done. A.S.gelang, in consequence, owing to.

Lang, v.i. to long. AS. langian, Dan. langes.

Lang, adj. tall.

Lang-hundred, n. the hundred of six score.

Lang-marks, n. indelible congenital marks on the skins of children.

Lang-last, adv. at length, in the end. "At lang-last" = A.t the last end.

E

Langled, p.p. having the legs tied to- gether by means of a ligature, which

leaves some liberty of motion. Lang-length, adv. at full length. " He

fell down o' his lang-length." Langles, n. straps or chains to bind

horses' feet with. Lang-ley an : a name for the throat. Langmouth, n. a spade long and narrow,

with which drains are cut in soft land. Lang- sen, adv. long since, a long time

ago. Lang-settle, n. a homely sofa. Lang-streak'd, adj. laid down at full

length. Langsome, adj. tedious. A.S. langsum,

durable, lasting. Lang-tung, u. a babbler, a gossip. Du.

lang-tong, a babbler, teller of tales. Lang way, A (used adverbially), much.

" It's a lang-way better." Lang- ways, adv. lengthways, Lankister-loup, n. the game of leapfrog. Lant, v.t. (1) to loo at cards. (2) To

over-reach, to beggar. Lant, n. the game of loo. Lant, n. old or stale urine. Lantern-leet, n. the horn or glass at

the sides of a lanthorn. Lanters, n. players at the game of loo. Lap, v.t. to wrap up, to cover. M.

lhap, to fold up, to double. Lap up, v.i. to give up, to leave off. Lap, n. the skirt or lappet. Lap, n. a large bundle or truss of straw.

"A lap o' streea." Fin. lappo, fceni

congeries. Lapped, adj. folded, wrapped. Lark, n. a wild fellow. Lark-heeled, adj. long-heeled. Larn (Pr. of learn), v.t. to teach. Lash, v.t. (1) to kick out. (2) To comb

the hair. (3) To beat severely. Lash- comb, n, a wide-toothed comb. Lashin', adj. large, big. " He's a lashivJ

fellow. Lask. See Lisk. Lastenest, adj. most lasting. Lasty, adj. lasting. Late, See Lait.

Lathe, n. a barn. Dan. lade, Sw. lada. Latly, Pr. of lately. Latt, v.t. to lath, to nail laths to spars

or joists, as for the purpose of

plastering. Latt-river, n. a person who makes laths. Lauk, v.t. to strike, to beat. Lauk. See Louk.

49

LA

LE

Lauker, n. a weeding iron.

Laukin', n. weeding with a kind of

tongs. Lay ; to lay down, to sow down ploughed

land with grass. To lay to one's

hand, to help. Lay, v.t. to deliver a woman. To lay

an edged-tool, to re-steel its edge. Lay, n. (1) a wager. (2) Any grass

land. (3) Poor-rate. Lay, v.t. to allay, assuage, soothe. Dan.

loie, to lull. Laylack, Pr. of lilac. Lea, ) n. a scythe. O.N. le, Dan. Leagh, ] lee, Sw. lie, N.Fris. lee. Lead (Pr. of lead), n. a vat for dye- ing. Lead, v.t. to cart, convey by carting.

Sw. leda, to convey. Leader, n. a tendon. Lead-nails, n. nails used by plumbers

in covering the roof of a house with

lead. Leaf, n. fat round the kidneys of a

slaughtered animal. Lea-stone, n. a scythe-sharpener. Leak, Pr. of look. Leaksta ! look you ! Lean, Pr. of lean. Lean, v. t. to connive at, to hide a fault.

[O.N. leyna, to conceal, O.Sw. and

Sw. D. Una, N. loyna, Dan. lonne.

Ed.] Learn, v.t. to teach. Learning, n. correction, discipline. Lea-sand, n. the sand which is put on

the strickle, with which the scythe

is sharpened. Leasow, n. a pasture ground. A.S.

loesuio, a pasture or common. Leastways, adv. at least. Leath, Pr. of loath. Leathe, n. part of a skein of wool. Leather, v.i. to travel at a great speed;

said of horses. " They dud leather

it;" "They com leatherin on" =

They came galloping on. Leav, Pr. of lief. Leav-hod : let me (or anything else)

go, leave off holding.

JH™' I Corr. of eleven. Levven, )

Leek, n. a leak. Du. leek, O.N. leki, stillatio, Dan. leek, a leak, Sw. lack.

Leek, v.i. to leak.

Leek on, v.t. to pour on, to add water to the mash in brewing.

Leek off, v.t. to drain or draw off; also 50

a brewing term. A.S. leccan, to

wet, moisten, Dut. lecken, to leak or

drop. Leekfng, n. a leaking. Leddher-head, n. a blockhead. Lee, Pr. of lie. Lee, n. (1) humour discharged from a

wound or sore. (2) Urine, (3) Lye

of ashes.

Leevetail \ adv' mnch in demand

Leeght (Pr. of light), v.i. to happen, to fall out ; as, "Leet what may I'll duit."

Leeght (Corr. of alight), v.i. to fall, settle, come to the ground ; as, " I leet o' my heead."

Leeght on, v.i. to fall in or meet with, to succeed.

Lee-lang, adv. live-long.

Leemers, ) n. ripe nuts, such as slip

Leemins, ) readily from the husk.

Leeny, adj. alert, active.

Leet. See Let.

Leet ; a form of Lite.

Leet, v.t. to pretend, feign.

Leetnin' (Pr. of Ughtning), n. the break of day.

Leet-sMrts, n. a woman of disreputable conduct.

Leetsome, adj. light, pleasant-looking, cheerful.

Lee with a lid on : a term for a no- torious lie.

Leh, Corr. of let. "Leh me aleyan."

Leister, n. an eel spear, a spear for catching fish. For round fish, as mort, sprods, salmon, flooks, etc., it is simply a barbed trident, upon the points or barbs of which they are impaled : for eels, a flat-headed trident with the three prongs near together and serrated, between which they are caught and held by the teeth of the instrument. O.N. lidsta, ferire.

Lele, adj. loyal, faithful, true.

Len, v.t. to lend. O.Fris. lena, Du. leenen, A.S. lainan.

Length, n. stature. " He's a girt length " = He is very tall.

Lent-grain, n. the spring crops.

Lesk. See Lisk.

Let See Let lite, Let on, Let wite, etc.

Let drive, v.i. to attack with violence.

Let lite, v.t. to inform, disclose, make known. See Lite.

LE

LI

Let on, v.t. to admit knowledge or ac- quaintance with a fact or circum- stance, to disclose, make known.

Let wite, v.t. to cause to know, to in- form, to communicate knowledge to (a person, of a thing).

Let, n. impediment, hindrance.

Leugh, pret. of To laugh.

Leuk, Pr. of look.

Lewis, n. an iron dovetail inserted into holes bored into large stones, by which to lift them into their places in building.

Lew, adj. mild, calm.

Lew-warm, adj. luke-warm. Teut. lauwen, tepefacere.

Leyace (Pr. of lace), v.t. to beat or thrash.

Leyad, Pr. of load.

Leyaf, Pr. of loaf.

Leyam, Pr. of lame.

Leyan, Corr. of alone. " Leh ma ley an" = Let me alone.

Leyan, n. a loan.

Leyap, pret. of leap. See Loup.

Leyazy-lump (Pr. of lazy-lump ), n. a sluggard.

Ley-land, n. land unbroken by the plough.

Lickin', n. a beating.

Lids, n. manner, fashion, way, kind. "Don't du a that lids" = Don't do in that manner, etc.

Lief, ) adv. soon, willing. A.S. leof.

Lieve, ) " I'd as lief die "= I had as soon die.

Lift, v.t. (I) to draw or cut for the deal. (2) To steal.

Lig, v.i. to lie down, to lie. A.S. licgan or liggan, 0. Fris. liga, Du. liggen, O.N. liggja, Dan. ligge, S.G. and Sw. ligga.

Lig, v. t. to lay a thing down, to put or place a thing. O.N. leggja, Sw. lagga, Dan. Icegge, to lay, place, put.

Lig down, To, (of land). To sow arable land in due course with grass seeds for permanent pasture.

Lig intul, To. To eat or work vigor- ously, to attack with energy.

Lig on, v. t. to lay on. Cattle are said to "lig it on," when they thrive well and fatten fast. "Lig on him"= Beat him soundly or perseveringly,

Lig-a-bed, n. a lazy person.

Lig-a-lame, v. t. to maim.

Ligger, n. (1) one who lies in bed a long time or rests a long time ; as,

"A lang ligger." (2) A branch of

thorn or other tree cut half through

and laid along the top of a plashed

hedge. Like, adj. and adv. likely, probably ;

as, "Like to have been killed ;" "Fs

like to du it"=I am certain to do

it ; " almost, I am under necessity to

do it. Like, Better nor. Better than was

expected. Like. Used as a qualifying suffix ;

as, " He is a good sort of a man like ; "

"He was onnish-^e in drink "=

Somewhat the worse for liquor. Likely, adj. (1) resembling. (2) Suit- able, promising, good-looking. Likened. " I had likened to be drowned "

= 1 was in danger of, or near, being

drowned. Likliest, Pr. of likeliest. Li kl in ess, n. likelihood, appearance.

" Theyar's neya likliness o' rain to

day." Likly, Pr. of likely. Lile, adj. little. Dan. lille, Sw. lilla. Lile-house, n. a privy. Dan. lillehuus. Lile- worth, adj. of little worth. Lill, v.t. to assuage pain. Lillilow, n. a blaze in a fire. O.N.

logi, flamma. Lilt, v.t. (1) to jerk or spring. (2) To

lift up on one side suddenly. Lilt, n. a jerk or spring. Limber, adj. supple, flexible. Lime-ass, n. the refuse of lime-kilns,

i.e. cinders and powdered lime. Limmers, n. pi. a pair of shafts for a

cart or carriage. O.N. limar, pi. of

limi, ramus arboris. Limp. adj. flaccid, limber, supple. W.

llimp, smooth, sleek, soft. Lin, n. a pool. Lin, n. linen. O.N. lin, W. llin, flax,

A.S. lin, flax, linen, Sw. linna. Lined, adj. intoxicated. Ling, n. heather (the plant). O.N. ling,

lyng, erica, Dan. lyng, heather, heath,

S.G. and Sw. ljung. Ling-besom, n. a broom made of Ling. Linge, v.t. (1) to beat, to thrash, to

excel. (2) To take in, to impose

upon. Links, n. black puddings. Lin-pin, n. a linch-pin. Lintel, n. the stone which lies across a

door or window. Fr. linteau. Lin-tree, n. a lime-tree.

51

LI

LU

Lin-webster, n. a linen weaver. Lippen, v.t. to expect, to rely, to trust to. Liring, n. meal and water beat smooth

to put into broth. Lirt, v.t. to walk or move in a quick or

lively manner, or with an air of pert-

ness. Lirty-gig, n. a wanton, giggling lass. Lirty-kick, v.i. to gambol, to frisk. Lish, adj. active, strong, nimble. Lisk, n. the flank : other forms being

Lesk, Lask. List, v.t. to incline a cask or vessel on

one side. Listing, n. the list or border of woollen

cloth. Lite, v.t. (1) to expect or depend on, to

rely upon. (2) To meet with, to fall

in with. Lithe, adj. (1) smooth, supple. (2) Ob- sequious, humble. A.S. IvSe. Lithe, v.t. to thicken broth or soup

with oatmeal. W. UUh, meal soaked

in water, Gael, lite, porridge. Lithesome, adj. gay, cheerful. Lithin', n. a thickening for broth, made

of oatmeal. Little-a-dow, adj. worthless. Littlest, adj. least. Liven, v.t. to enliven. Liver, v.t. to deliver. Du. levern, to

deliver, Dan . lever e, Sw. lefverera, Fr.

livrer. Liverance, n. delivery. Loane, n. the first offer. Lob, n. a clown, a clumsy fellow. W.

Hob, a dull fellow, a blockhead. Lobscouse, n. a dish, consisting of meat

cut in small pieces and cooked in a

pan with potatoes. Lock, n. a small quantity of hay, wool,

etc. O.N. lockr, a lock or tuft of hair. Locker, adj. (1) loose, spongy. (2) Ex- pensive, extravagant. Lockered, adj. entangled ; said of the

hair when matted. Lockspit, n. a small cut with a spade. Loggerhead, n. a blockhead. Lointer, v.i. to lag, to loiter. Lointerpins. "To mek lointerpins" =

To idle away time. Loll, v.i. to loiter, to saunter, to lounge.

O . N. lolla, segniter agere. Lollop, v.i. to walk in a lazy, waddling

manner, to move heavily. Lollops, n. an idle, lounging female.

LumSakS', j adJ' heav^' awkward- 52

Lomper, v.i. to walk heavily; applied to the action of a horse.

Lone, adj. A lone man, a man living by himself ; a lone woman, a woman un- married, or without a male protector.

Lonesome, adj. lonely.

Lonnin', ) n. a lane. O.Fris. and N.Fris.

Looaz. Pr. of lose.

Loop, n. part of the hinge of a door.

Lopper, v.i. to curdle, to coagulate.

Loppered, adj. curdled. Isl. hlaup, curdled milk, S.G. Ibpe.

Lopper-ear'd, adj. having long, flabby ears.

Lops an' tops : the small branches and tops of trees.

Lorry, n. a brawl.

Lot, v.t. to allot.

Lother, v.i. to splash in water.

Louk, n. (1) a blow, a thump. (2) Coarse grass on the moors.

Louk, v.t. to weed.

Loukers, n. weeders.

Lound, adj. calm, out of the wind. O.N. logn, a dead calm, Dan. luun, shelter- ed, warm, Sw. lugn, calm, quiet, serene, W. llonydd, still, calm.

Loup, v. i. to leap. O.N. hlaupa, currere, Sw. lopa.

Loup, n. a leap or spring.

Loup, Pr. of loop.

Loupin-pow, Pr. of leaping-pole.

Louse, adj. (1) loose. O.N. laus, solu- tus. (2) Impure, disorderly.

Lowse, f out on t' common " = To let

cattle go upon the common. Louse-end, To be at a. To be in an

unsettled, dissipated state. Lousely, adv. loosely, lightly. Lous-itn'-heft, n. a disorderly person,

a spendthrift. Louze, v.t. to take lice from the person

and garments, as beggars do. Low, v.t. to blaze, to flame. O.N. loga,

flammare, flagrare, Dan. lue, S.G. and

Sw. laga. Low, n. a flame. Lowance, n. allowance, set quantity of

beer. M. lowanse, a thing allowed. Lowse, n. the privilege of turning out

cattle on the commons. " We've a

lowze on t' moor." Lowsen, v.t. to loosen. Lubber-head, n. a stupid fellow. Lug, n. (1) the ear. (2) A handle. "A

pitcher wi' two lugs."

LTJ

MA

Lug, v.t. to pull the hair. Sw. lugga, to pull by the hair.

Luggin and rivin. Pulling and tearing.

Luk, Pr. of look. To luk on, to regard with kindness and consideration.

Lum, n. a deep pool. A deep still pool overshadowed with trees. O.N. luma, amnis.

Lumber, n. mischief.

Lump, v.i. to be or look sulky.

Lunge, (1) v.i. to plunge, to rush for- ward with violence. (2) v.t. To lunge a colt, in breaking him in, is to hold him with a long rope and drive him round a circle.

Lungeous, adj. (1) rough, cruel, vin- dictive ; likely to do a sudden bad turn. (2) Awkward.

Lurgy, n. an idle person.

Lurgy, adj. idle.

Luthabut, Pr. of look thee but.

Luv-barn, ")

Luv-begitten-barn, > n. a bastard.

Luv-child, )

Luvesome, adj. lovely. A.S. lufsum.

Lyring, n. a shallow depression or hol- low, of some width, in the sands, in whi^h the sea remains at low water. These depressions are said to be due to the continually shifting channels of the river which runs into More- cambe Bay. W. llyr, a water-course, a channel.

M

Ma, v.t. to make.

Maa (Pr. of maw), the human stomach as well as that of any animal. A.S. maga.

Maa, Pr. of mow. pret. Maew or Mew. pp. Maan.

Maain, Pr. of mowing. A day's mow- ing is about three roods.

Maak, n. a maggot or gentle.

Maaky, adj. full of maggots.

Maan, p.p. mown.

Maander, Pr. of maunder.

Maap (Pr. of mope), v.i. to maunder, to wander about in an objectless, va- cant maDner. Dan. maabe, to mope.

Maapment, n. rigmarole, nonsense.

Mad, adj. angry, stark mad, very angry.

Madam, a title used in the provinces to women under the rank of Lady, but moving in respectable society.

Maddle, v.t. and i. (1) to confuse, to perplex, to rave or be delirious. (2) To miss one's way.

Made. What made you there ? = What caused you to be there, what business had you ?

Madgew^. (1) the jack at nine-pins, so called from its often consisting of the madge or fetlock-bone of a horse. (2) A magpie.

Madge -beyan, n. the fetlock-bone of a horse.

Madlin, n. a bad memory.

Mad-pash, n. a mad fellow.

Maew, pret. of To mow.

Maine, v.i. (1) to hesitate, to falter, to act by means inadequate to the at- tainment of the object or end pro- posed, like one in dotage. (2) To stammer, to mumble.

Mafflehorn, n. a blundering, inefficient person.

Mafflin', n. one that has not much sense, a simpleton.

Maffling, adj. trifling, clumsy, weak, feeble*

Maggot, n. a whim.

Maggoty, adj. whimsical

Maggy, n. a magpie.

Maid, n. (1) a girl. (2) A clothes-horse.

Main, adj. great. A main man. The varra main = The greatest part.

Maister, n. the husband.

Maister, adj. principal ; as, Maister drain = Principal drain.

Maisterdom, n. the upper hand.

Maisterful, adj. imperious, headstrong.

Maisterlin', n. a would-be master, a petty master.

Maistly, adj. mostly, generally.

Maist-what, ) adv. for the most

Maiyast-what, ] part.

Maiyad, Pr. of made.

Maiyast, Pr. of most.

Maiyast on end, adv. almost continu- ally or unceasingly.

Mak', Pr. of make.

Mak', n. (1) sort, species. (2) Race, family.

Makin, n. the yellow flag. Gael, mea- can, a flag iris.

Makkin', n. making. A.S. macung, making, contrivance.

Mally, | Familiar for Mal7- Mammy-seeak (Pr. of Mammy-sick),

adj. never easy but when at home

with mammy.

53

MA

ME

Man, n. a pile of stones or turf built upon the highest part of a mountain. W. maen, a stone.

Manch, v.t. to munch, to eat greedily.

Mander, n. manner, kind.

Manifolds, n. the intestines ; from their consisting of many fold^

Manish, Pr. of manage.

Manishment, Corr. of management.

Man-keen, adj. Of the state of a bull when dangerous.

Manned, adj. waited on, attended.

Manner, Pr. of manure.

Mannerly, adj. decent, neat.

Mannish, adj. manly.

Mantle, v.t. to embrace kindly.

Mappen [Cow. of may happen), adv .pro- bably, perhaps.

mSS< I ** «* — •

Mares' -tails, n. a name for long, nar- row and irregular clouds, white or of a light colour.

Marget, Corr. of Margaret.

Marjery, n. a cat. Cf. Sans, mar jar a, from mrij, to clean, or the animal that always cleans itself. M. Muller, Lect. on the Science of Language, p. 367, second edition, 1862.

Marks, n . the impressions made by the feet of the otter.

Marlock, n. a frolic, gambol, or vagary, rough sports ; generally used in the plural.

Marrow, n, an equal, a companion, a fellow : —

" There's never a sparrow Without its marrow."

Marrow, v.t. to match, to equal.

Marred, adj. spoiled ; particularly of persons.

Marriable, adj. marriageable.

Marry ; an ejaculatory expression, al- luding in its origin to the Virgin Mary.

Martin, n. a spayed heifer. See Free- Martin.

Martlemas, Corr. of Martinmas.

Mash, (1) v.t. to bruise to pieces. (2) v.i. To go along with a great impetus ; as, " He com mashiri down."

Mash, n. a large quantity ; as, " We hed a mask on it " = We had a large quantity of it.

Mashelment, n. wheat and barley grown and ground together.

Mashment, n. anything cut up and mixed together. 54

Massacree (Pr. of massacre), v.t. to ill- treat, to butcher.

Mastice, ) n f , .„.

Masty, J Corr- of mastlff-

Matter, v.t. to approve of. "I don't matter it."

"Matty, ) n. the mark pitched at in the

Motty, ) game of Pitch and Toss.

Maum, ) adj. (1) mellow. (2) Gentle,

Mawm, J quiet.

Mauments, n. trifles.

Maund, n. a large basket. A.S. mand, a basket, Du. mand, a basket or wicker pannier.

Maunder, v.i. to wander about thought- fully, to wander in talking, to mope about without object.

Maups, n. a stupid person.

Maut, Pr. of malt.

Mayast, ) -on-end, adv. almost con-

Meyast, \ tinually, perpetually.

Mazelin', n. one that has not much sense.

Me. I. Here, as in most parts of the North, it is usual to say 'me' for 'I' in such instances as, "Wha's theeyar ?" Ans. " Its me."

Meadow, n. a field used for growing hay, in distinction to a pasture.

Meal (Pr. of meal), n. oatmeal.

Meal-poke, n. a meal-bag.

Meal-seeds, n. the husks of oats.

Meal's-meat, n. meat enough for a meal. A.S. mwlmete.

Mealy-mouthed, adj. very particular and cautious in speech.

Mean (Pr. of moan), v.i. to moan or lament. A cow, when very ill and moaning, is said to be " meanin her- self."

Meanin', n. an indication or hint.

Mear, Pr. of more.

Meat, n. victuals, board. " I get 12s. a-week an' my meat,'" i.e. my victuals.

Meat-heyal, adj. having an appetite for food.

Med, pret. of To make.

Medcalf, n. a calf's pluck, or heart, liver, and lungs.

Meeda, Pr. of meadow.

Meet, adj. even with ; as, " I'll be meet wi' tha."

Meeterly, adv. tolerably well, mode- rately.

Meetin's, n. the meeting of two cur- rents of the tide in Morecambe Bay, often producing a rough and dan- gerous sea for small craft.

ME

MI

*Jenh' ] Corr. of make. Mek, )

Mek count on, To. To reckon on, rely upon.

Mek t' duer, To. To fasten the door.

Mek a hand on, To. To destroy.

Mek suer, To. To put in a safe place.

Mek all split, To. To act with or apply great violence.

Melder, n. (1) a kiln full of oats, or as many as are ground at a time. (2) A making or grinding of meal for the winter's stock. O.N. meldr, actus molendi.

Melgreaves, n. quicksands. O.N. melr, a place full of sand.

Mell, v,i. to meddle. O.F. mesler, mis- cere, immiscere ; to mix oneself up in matters with which he has no business. Minsheu, in v.

Mell, n. a mallet or large wooden ham- mer, a two-handled hammer. Lat. malleus, O.N. melia, conterere. To get the mell is to obtain a mallet in prize ploughing, as a prize for the worst ploughing. Cf. the " wooden spoon" of the universities. The mell is fixed upon the winner's (?) plbugh, or sometimes stuck in the piece of land ploughed by him. [The origin of this expression is obscure, and many guesses at its derivation have been made, all more or less unsatisfactory. The me^-sheaf in Cleveland used to be made of the last corn severed in winning the harvest, and made of extra size, and with much care and observance. Ed.]

Mendment, n. amendment.

Mends, n. amends, recompense, satis- faction, recovery.

Menfolk, n. the male population. S.G. manfolk, viri, mares.

Menner, )

Mennard,pammnow-

Mense, v.t. to grace, to ornament, to decorate. " Gaa an' mense thysel up" = Go and make your toilette.

Mense, n. decency, propriety, hospi- tality, politeness, good manners, kindness. " He hez ' naidher mense nor sense "= He has neither good manners nor tact. "For mense" — For decency sake. O.N. menska, hu- manitas.

Menseful, adj. polite, decent, managing, thoughtful.

Meos, Pr. of mess.

Meos-pot, n. a mess-pot.

Mere, n. a lake.

Mere-stans, n. boundary stones for dividing separate holdings of land, which were very common before fences were in use.

Merge, n. mud, sludge.

Merr;/, n. the wild cherry.

Merry-begot, adj. illegitimate.

Merry-dancers, n. a name for the Northern Lights or aurora borealis.

Merry-go-round, n. a revolving ma- chine upon which children ride at country fairs and races.

Merry-neet, n. a rustic ball, a night appropriated to mirth, festivity, and various amusements.

Mesel, Pr. of myself.

Mess, v.t. to muddle, to bungle.

Metal, n. broken stones for mending roads.

Mew, pret. of To mow.

Mezzur, Pr. of measure.

Mich, adj. much.

Miche, v.t. to cheat artfully. ["Shall the blessed sun of heaven prove a micher, and eat blackberries'?" Ed.]

Mich-like, adj. much the same.

Mickle, adj. much, great. A Lonsdale proverb runs thus :

" Many littles m^ak a mickle, Many mickles meyak a mile."

Middin', n. a dunghill. " Cock o' th' middin" = The principal person of a place, one who is looked up to for lay- ing down the law. A. S. midding, Dan. ' modding. It is also a contemptuous name for a dirty woman.

Middin-craa, n. the common carrion crow.

Middin-pant, n. the filthy receptacle of the drainage of a cow-house.

Middlin', adj. (1) tolerable, pretty well in health. (2) Not very well. " I's nobbut middlin."

Midge, n. a very small fly, a gnat. A.S. myg, a gnat, Sw. mygga, Dan. myg.

Midjerum, n. the milt or spleen.

Miff, n. displeasure, ill humour,

Miff-maff, n. nonsense.

Mightful, adj. full of might, powerful.

Mihilmass, Pr. of Michaelmas.

Milder, n. oatmeal when first ground, with all the dust and seeds together. See Melder.

Milk-lead, n. a cistern lined with lead, used for keeping milk in.

Milkness, n. the produce of a dairy. 55

MI

MO

Miller, n. a large white moth.

Miller, To drown the. To put too much water in one's grog. The origin of the phrase is obvious.

Miller-thoum, n. a small bird of the wren species.

Millin', n. a beating, a drubbing.

Mind, v.t. to observe, to notice par- ticularly, to regard. " Thou minds as I wor gangin hey am." "Mind ta think on"=Be careful thou remem- ber.

Mingle-mangle, n. confusion.

Mirk, n. darkness. O.N. myrkr, tene- brse, A.S. mire.

Mirk, adj. dark. O.N. myrkr, tene- brosus, obscurus, A.S. mire, Sw. mork, Dan. mork.

Mirksome, adj. dark.

Misbehodden, adj. disobliging, offen- sive. " I niwer gav her a misbehod- den word."

Miscanter, n. a misadventure.

Mischeef, n. misfortune.

Miscoe, Pr. of miscall.

Misconster, Corr. of misconstrue.

Miserable, adj. greedy, covetous.

Misfit, n. anything that does not fit or answer.

Misforten, n. a palliative term for being improperly enceinte.

Mish-mash, n. a confused mass, a hodge- podge. S.G. misk-mask, Sw. misch- masch, hodge-podge.

Misken, v.t. to be ignorant of, not to know, to mistake.

Mislike, v.t. to dislike. O.N. and Sw. mislika, displicere.

Mislippen, v.t. to suspect.

Mismannered, adj. unbecoming.

Missin's, n. anything missing. "I's lukkan fer t' mis8irfs" = I am looking for the missing ones.

Mistaen, ) 7. . , -,

Mistakken, ) ad>< mistake*-

Mistress, n. a wife, the mistress of the house.

Mite, n. a small worm.

Mittens, n. hedging gloves, made of strong leather.

Mixen, n. a dunghill.

Mizzle, n. small rain.

Moant, Corr. of must not.

Moat, Pr. of malt. See Maut.

Moat-cummens, n. the little beards or shoots when malt begins to sprout.

Moat-kill, Pr. of malt-kiln.

Mobble, v.t. to pelt with stones. 56

Moider, v.t. to distract or bewilder, to confuse or perplex.

Moil, v.i. to toil or labour very hard.

Mollicroy, ) v.t. to kill, to kill within

Mollicruth, \ a little.

Monny-feet, n. (1) the millipes. (2) The creeping crow-foot (ranunculus repens, Linn.).

Mooed, adj. crowded, crammed.

Mool, v.t. to rumple, to disorder.

Moonleet-flit, n. removing one's goods from a house during the night with- out having paid the rent.

Moored, adj. diseased with red water.

Moor-pou't, n. a young grouse.

Moosen, v.t. to guess by the handful.

Mooter (Corr. of multure), n. the toll of corn taken by the miller for grind- ing it. Fr. mouture, grinding, miller's fee.

Mooter, v.t. to take toll of corn at a mill, i.e. to appropriate a portion of it for the grinding.

Mop, n. a meeting or fair where servants are hired.

Mop, v.t. to look about in a lively noticing manner ; said of an infant. " She mops about."

Moreover than that : Besides, over and above that.

Morge, n. dirt in thin condition, sludge.

Morish, adj. causing an inclination or appetite for more.

Morn. See To-morn.

Mort, n. a young salmon.

Moss, n. a morass, a peat bog.

Moss. " 1 can make neither moss nor sand on him = Make nothing of him.

Moss-wood, n. trunks and stumps of trees, frequently found in morasses.

Mottey, n. talk, speech, opinion. Pro- bably a corr. of motto.

Mottey, n. the mark at which quoits are thrown.

Moud, Pr. of mould.

Mou'd-booard, n. a smooth curved plate of iron on a plough to facilitate the turning over of the soil after it has been cut by the coulter and share.

Mon'dy, n. a mole-catcher.

Mou'dy-warp, n. a mole. O.N. mold- varpa, talpa, Dan. muldvarp, A.S. moldewyrp, S.G. mullwcerpel. [From A.S. weorpan, to cast, O.N. verpa, to throw or heap up ; as, at verpa haug, garft, to heap up a grave-hill, a bank or fence. Ed.]

Moul, v.i. to grow mouldy.

MO

NA

Mouser, n. (1) a cat. (2) A mouse- catcher.

Mouth-hod (Pr. of mouth-hold), n. plenty of grass for cattle.

Mow, n. hay (more rarely corn) stacked or stored in a barn. AS. mowe.

Mow-bornt-hay, n. hay which has fer- mented in the stack.

Mow- stead, n. the division or portion of a barn appropriated to the recep- tion of a stack.

Muck, v.t. (1) to manure land. (2) To cleanse out a cow-house or stable, etc. S.G. mocka, stabula purgare, fimum auferre.

Muck, n. (1) manure, dirt. (2) A con- temptuous name for money.

Muck-drag, n. a kind of fork, with three prongs bent down at right angles to the handle, for pulling manure out of a cart.

Muck-fork, n. a dung-fork.

Muck-heap, n. (1) a dunghill. (2) A dirty, untidy person.

Muckment, n. dirt, or anything worth- less. " It's nowt but muckment"

Muck-middin', n. a dunghill.

Muck-sweat, n. excessive perspiration. " He's o' of a muck-sweat."

Mucky, adj. dirty, wet, rainy. "It's nobbut mucky weddher."

Mucky, v.t. to dirty, to soil.

Mud, adj. muddy, confused, muddled.

Mud, v. aux. must, might.

Mudder, (1) Pr. of mother. (2) The womb. Sw. moder, womb, A. S. moder, O.Fris. moder.

Muddher, n. a thick slimy substance for converting wine into vinegar. S.G. modder, foex, spurcities ista, quae in fundo doliorum residet.

Muddly, adj. thick, foggy.

Mue (Corr. of mow), v.t. to make mouths.

Muffs, n. woollen gloves without sepa- rate fingers. S.G. muff, manica hye- malis.

Mug, n. a fog or mist.

Mug, n. a sheep without horns.

Muggle, ) v.^.toskulkawayunobserved,

Miggle, \ or by stealth.

Muggy, adj. close and damp, generally applied to the weather.

Mull, adj. the small or dusty part of turf or peat. Gael, mul, "W. mwlwg, sweepings, Du. mul, the dust or crumbling of turf, N. Fris. mull, Sw. mull, mould, earth, dust, M.G. muld.

Mumchance, To sit. To sit lifeless, and without joining in the conver- sation.

Mummle, Pr. of mumble.

Mummle, n. a mumbling, a murmur. Sw. mummel. " He tokes o' of a mum- mle, yan can't tell what a say."

Mump, v.i. to be sulky.

Mump, v. t. to eat heartily. O.N. mumpa, inter buccas recipere, de voraci esu dicitur.

Mun, n. the mouth. "To maiyak muns at" is to make mouths at. O.Fris. mund, O.N. munnr, Sw. mun, Dan. mund, M.G. muns.

Mun, v. aux. must. O.N. mun, pres. ind. verbi auxil. muna.

Mun-be, n. an unavoidable event.

Munce : must I,

Munnet : must not.

Munt, '<u. to hint by signs. [Probably a form of 'mint,' the more usual mean- ings of whicii are to aim^» intend, make a show of doing a thing ; whence would follow the meaning given here. Ed.]

Murgeon, n. rubbish, earth cut up and thrown aside in order to get peats.

Murky, adj. obscure, dark.

Murl, v.t. to crumble, to fall in pieces.

Musk 1 v%t to crush or crumble- Mush, n. anything mashed, crushed or

bruised refuse. Mushmeat, n. food in a pulpy state, or

nearly so. Mushment, n. the dusty refuse of any

dry substance. Muzzle, v.i. (1) to drink excessively.

(2) To trifle, to skulk. Muzzlin', adj. trifling, drinking. Muzzy, adj. half-drunk, stupefied with

liquor.

Mysen, } m^sel£ See Mesel.

N

Naiva > "^r' °^ n0' " ■"■ ^ae na brass " Neaf ) =I have no money- Nab, n. (1) a cant term for the head. (2) The summit of an abrupt eminence or steep place, a height. S.G. nabb, promontorium. Nafflin', n. one almost an idiot. 57

NA

NE

Nag, v.t. (1) to natter or nibble as a mouse. (2) To be querulous and sarcastic. Sw. nagga, to nibble, to peck, Dan. nage, to gnaw.

Naggin-pain, n. a slight but constant and annoying pain ; of toothache, etc.

haggle, v.t. to gnaw.

Naggy, adj. touchy, irritable, quarrel- some.

Nawder ( Pr- of neither. See Nowther. Nail, Thou can't say black's my. I

defy you to impeach my integrity. Nailer, n. a person who makes or sells

nails. Nancey-pretty (Corr. of "None so

pretty "), n. the lesser London Pride. Nanny, n. a goat. Nanny -pie, n. a kind of oats ; perhaps

from their being partly black in the

husk, and looking somewhat like a

magpie. Nantle^.^. to caress, to fondle. Nap, a stroke, a blow. " I gev him a

nap"=I gave him a stroke. Nap -at -noon, n. the purple goat's

beard {Trapogon porrifolius. Linn.)

which expands its flowers only in the

forenoon, after which they close. Nappy, n. (1) fine ale. (2) Toddy. Nappy, adj. a little intoxicated. Nar, adj. nearer. Narmest, adj. nearest. Sw. narmast,

nearest, next. Narrst, adj. nearest. O.N. ncerst. Nasty, adj. (1) dirty. (2) Ill-tempered,

disagreeable. Natches, Pr. of notches. Nater, ) ,

Nathur, } n- nature- Natter. See Gnatter. Nattercrop, n. a peevish person. Nattered, adj. ill-tempered. Nattle, v.i. to be busy about trifles. Naughty-pack, n. an old phrase of

abuse ; but in N. Lonsd. applied to

children in a softer manner. Nay, v. a. to deny. Nay-say, n. a refusal. Nay-then ; a phrase implying doubt,

disappointment, or wonder. " Nay-

then, if that be t' keyas (case), I'll

away " = Indeed ! then in that case

I shall go. Neaf, 7v. the fist. O.N. hnefi, pugnus,

Dan. nceve, Sw. nafve, fist, hand. Neaf, Double- n. the clenched fist. Neaf -full, n. a handfull. 58

Neak, Pr. of nook.

Neamel, Corr. of nimble.

Neamly, Pr. of namely.

Nean, Pr. of noon.

Neapins, both hands full.

Near, adj. (1) the left side of a horse is usually termed the near side. (2) Close, penurious.

Near-hand, adv. almost.

Nearmer, adj. nearer. Dan. narmere.

Nearmest, adj. nearest. Dan. ncermest.

Near-scented, adj. not catching the scent till too near.

Neawhar, Pr. of nowhere.

Neb, n. (1) the nose. (2) A bill or beak of a bird. A.S. neb, O.N. nebbi, rostrum avium.

Nebber, Pr. of neighbour.

Necked, adj. broken in the neck ; ap- plied to corn beaten by wind.

Nedder, Pr. of nether ; as, "Nedder Kellet," "Nedder Wyresdale," "Ned- der Carke."

Neddhermer, adj. nearer, lower.

Neddy, n. a jackass.

Neese, v.i. to sneeze. A.S. niesan, O.N. hnjosa, Dan. nyse, to sneeze, Sw. nysa, Du. niesen,

Neest, adj. nighest.

Neet, Pr. of night.

Neet, n. (1) the egg of a louse. (2) Five sheaves of grain set upright.

Nep, v.t. See Knep.

Ner, conj. nor, than. O.Fris. ner, nor, than.

Nesh, adj. tender, soft, delicate, weak. AS. hnesc, M.G. hnasgs.

Nesht, Corr. of next.

Nesp, v. t. to pick off the ends of goose- berries.

Nesp, n. the calyx of a gooseberry. G. knospe, a bud.

Ness, n. a promontory. Sw. nas, a cape, a promontory.

™;H-tofidsetabout-

Nestlin', n. the smallest bird in the nest.

Nether- side, n. the side at which a horse is mounted.

Nettin, n. old urine, chamber lye. O.Fris. netten. -

Neuk, Pr. of nook.

New-comes, n. strangers newly arrived.

Newel, n. a pillar of wood or stone in which the steps of a winding stair- case terminate.

New-land, n, land newly broken up and ploughed.

NE

NTT

Neyable, Corr. of navel.

Neyakt, Pr. of naked.

Neyam, Pr. of name.

Nibs, n. the small handles attached to the pole of a scythe.

Nicely, adv. well in health.

Nick, v.t. (1) to deceive, to cheat. (2) To catch in the act.

Nicked i' t' heead= Crazy.

Nick-stick, n. a tally or stick notched for reckoning.

Niffy-naffy, adj. insignificant, trifling. "He's a niffy-naffy fellow."

Nifle, v.t. to steal articles of small value, to pilfer.

Niggle, (1) v.t. to nibble, to eat or do anything mincingly, to haggle in a bargain. (2) v.i. To walk with short, mincing steps.

Nigglin', adj. contemptible, mean.

Nigh, v.t. to approach, to touch.

Nighest-about : a term applied to the shortest cut.

Ninmiel, Pr. of nimble.

Ning-nang, n. a sorry jade of a horse.

Nip, n. a pinch, a small quantity.

Nip-cheese, n. a miserly person.

Nip-fit, n. a tight fit ; said of any garment that fits tightly.

Nip up, v.t. to snatch up hastily.

Nirl, n. a knot.

Nivver, Corr. of never.

Noah's-arks, n. cirrus clouds, supposed to resemble the ark, indicating rain. [The Cleveland form of this word is Noe-ship, the Pro v. Sw. being Noa- skeppet, where Noa is a corruption of the genitive of Odin, who was the God of the waters and weather gene- rally. Thus, ark is a corruption, ex- tending to Denmark as well as over much of England. The Dan. prov. phrase is Ar/cen bygges (the ark is built) ; in Clevel. it is said "JYoe ship 's oopP Ed.]

Noan, Pr. of none.

Nob, n. (1) the head : hence (2) A person in a superior station in life.

Nob, v.t. to strike. See Nope.

Nobbut (Contr. of bought but), adv. only.

Noddle, v.i. (1) to be half asleep. (2) To shake the head.

Noddy: the name of an old game at cards, where anyone who makes 21 is called a noddy or simpleton.

Noddy, n. a fool.

Noddy-pate, n. a simpleton.

No-far, adv. not far, i.e. near.

Noggin, n. (1) a double glass of spirits. (2) A small wooden kit.

Noggs, n. the game of nine-pins.

Noggy-wife, n. strong linen thread.

Noit, \ n. the time during which a cow

Note, ] gives mUk.

Nooan. See Noan.

Nooat, Pr. of note.

Nook, n. the fireside, the chimney corner in farm-houses.

Nope, n. a small blow. " I gev him a nope on t' heead."

Nope, v.t. to give a knock.

Noper, n. a blow on the head. " I gev him a noper.'"

Nor, adv. than.

Notch-stick, n. a tally or notched stick. See Nick-stick.

Nought-at-dow : used adjectively of persons ; worthless.

Nouth, Pr. of north.

Nows and thens, At. Occasionally. "Nobbut nows and thens" = Only now and then.

Nowt (Pr. of nought), adv. nothing. " He's noivt to me " = Is no relation to me. At nowt, on no consideration whatever. It fits o' to nout, it fits exactly.

Nowther, conj. neither.

Noyls, n. the refuse of wool and silk.

Nub, v.t. to give a hint or signal by a private touch with the hand, elbow, or foot.

Nub, n. a hint so given.

Nuddher, Corr. of another.

Numb, adj. dull, stupid.

Nurses, n. the kidneys. "She was weel ligged-on i' t' nurses " = There was much fat about the kidneys ; said of a slaughtered beast. O.N. nyra, a kidney, S.G. njura. (Rask, p. 51.)

Nuts, To fight. The nuts are threaded on a string, and one of them being slipped to the end of the string is laid on a boy's cap, when his an- tagonist, with another nut similarly strung and slipped to the end, en- deavours to crack it by a stroke with his own. This is done by each boy alternately until one of the nuts yields. See Job -nuts.

Nuzzling, n. (1) spending time on trifles. (2) Nestling.

59

OA

OU

o

Oalas, Pr. of always.

Obbut ! Pr. of Oh but !

Od swinge, a rustic oath.

Odd, adj. single.

Odd, n. a small point of land or pro- montory; as, "Green Odd." N. Fris. odd, Isl. oddr, lingula terrse.

OdSeer,' | Pr" of other«

Oddments, n. trifles, remnants.

'Od drat it, ~)

'Od rabbet it, f a species of mild im-

'Od rot it, f precation.

'Od wite it, )

Odds, n. difference. "At odds " = At vari- ance.

Od zoes, a veiled oath — God's woes.

Off-at-hooks (used as an adj.), out of temper, or unwell.

Off-at-side, ) ,. .

Off-it \ J' msane*

Off-come, n. a stranger.

Off- cummin', adj. off- coming.

Offen, Pr. of often.

Off-gangin', adj. A word qualifying an outgoing tenant's proportion of the wheat crop of a farm, tilled for and sown by himself, but not reaped until after he has left the farm. See Away-going.

Ofter, adv. oftener.

Oggle, v.i. to stare. (Probably a corr. of ogle).

O-i-t'-well. A game practised, at races and fairs and other places of amuse- ment, with three pegs, which are put into three circular holes made in the ground, about two feet apart, and forming a triangle. In this case each hole contains a peg about two feet long upon which is deposited either a small knife or some copper. The person playing gives so much for each stick he throws at the pegs, and gets all the articles that are thrown off so as to fall on the out- side of the holes. A game somewhat corresponding to that of "Aunt Sally" in the South.

Olderman, Corr. of alderman.

Ole, Pr. of owl.

Olyet, n. an ey let-hole.

Ome, Pr. of elm.

Ommost, adv. almost.

On, prep. of. " Mek mich on him." 60

Onely (pr. oanly), adj. lonely, solitary.

Onnish, adj. somewhat advanced. "He was on?iish-like i' drink."

Onny, Pr. of any.

Onny-bit like. " I'll cum an t' weddher be onny-bit MJce"=l will come if the weather be at all decent.

Onset, n. a dwelling-house and out- buildings.

Onst (pr. wonst), adv. once.

Oo, pron. he, she.

Ooath, Pr. of oath.

Ooavl (Corr. of hovel or huwil), n. a finger-poke. [The word hovel (huwil or hufne) in Cleveland is a diminu- tive from O.E. how, howve, hoove, a hood. Ed.]

Ooer (Corr. of ower for over), adj. upper.

Ooerlive, ) (Pr. of over-live), v.t. to

Owerleeve, ] outlive. 0. Fris. urliva.

Oon, n. an oven. S.G. ugn.

Oostan, Pr. of Ulverston.

Oozle (Pr. of ouzel), n. a blackbird. A.S. osle.

Oppen, Pr. of open.

Oration, n. noise, uproar.

Orchen (Pr. of urchin), n. a hedgehog.

Orchet, Corr. of orchard.

Orled, adj. not thriving.

Ornary, Corr. of ordinary.

Orts, n. the refuse of hay left in the stall by cattle. [Cf. Jutland, orred, orret, the remnants of fodder wasted or rejected by the cattle ; other Dan. prov. forms being ort, ovret, or owed. Ed.]

Oss, v.i. and t. to try, to offer, begin, attempt, or set about anything. "He nivver osses"=He never makes the attempt. W. osi, to offer to do, to attempt.

Other, conj. either.

Othergates, adv. otherwise.

Othersome, adj. others.

Ouer, prep, over, above, beyond. u0uer and aboon " = Over and above.

Ouergit, v.t. to overtake.

Ouer-welted, adj. overturned. AS. ofer, over, and wealtian, to roll.

Ouer-year, adj. over-year ; as, "An ouer-year ham"=A ham of last year. Du. overjarigh, above a year.

Ought, n. anything.

Oumer, v.t. to shadow. Fr. ombrer, to shadow, to shade, Lat. umbra.

Ousen, n. oxen.

Out' AU- | adv' Mlj> comPletel7-

ou

PA

Out, ) -pi

Outin' ( n' an excursi0n °f pleasure.

Outbreck (Pr. of outbreak), n. a crop- ping out. When a vein of coal, free- stone, etc. appears on the surface it is called an outbreck.

Outeu, adv. out of doors.

Out -louse, n. the privilege of turning out cattle on a common.

Out-o-heart, adj. out of condition ; of land.

Outrake, n. a free passage for sheep from enclosed land to an open com- mon.

Outs, To be at. To be in a state of variance with any.

Outshot, n. a projection, a lean-to.

Outside, adj. solitary, retired, lonely.

Overseen, adj. tipsy.

Ower-t'-hip, To have one over = To have the upper hand of him. (Origin- ally a term in wrestling).

Owler, Corr. of alder.

Owts, n. any considerable quantity. " Hez ta owts on it ? " = Have you any considerable quantity of it 1 Simply a corruption of ought.

Pace-eggs, n. eggs boiled hard and dyed or stained various colours, given to children at the time of Easter.

Pack, n. (1) a heap or quantity. (2) A pedlar's bundle. (3) A flock of cer- tain animals.

Pack, v.i. to collect together as birds do in flocks.

Packman, n. a pedlar.

Packneedle, n. a very small eel ; which somewhat resembles the instrument so called.

Pack-rag-day, n. the last day of a fair, when clothiers, etc. pack up their remnants.

Pack-thread, To talk = To talk non- sense.

Packway, n. a narrow paved way, by which goods could be conveyed only on pack-horses.

Packy, adj. heavy with clouds packed together ; thus they say before a thunderstorm, "It luks packy"

Pad, v.t. to make a path by walking on an untracked surface.

Pad, n. (1) a sort of saddle on which country market women commonly

ride, different both from the pack- saddle and the side-saddle, of a clumsy make, and padded and quilted. Used likewise by millers and malsters. (2) A path. A.S. paad, 0. Fris. pad, Du. padt, a path.

Paddle, (1) v.i. to make short steps in walking. (2) v.t. To support a child as yet unable to walk, so as to aid it in its attemps to use its feet.

Paddock, n. a toad. AS. pad, a toad, O.N. padda, rana, Du. padda, Sw. padda, Dan. padde.

Paddock-speyan, n. the spawn of the toad. [padde-stoel.

Paddock-steyal, n. a toad-stool. Du.

Pad-rooad, n. a footpath.

Pair-of-stairs, n. a flight of stairs.

Paise, v.i. to walk about leisurely, or lazily. [In Clevel. the iovm. plsling (pr. pahsling), and meaning saunter- ing, lounging about lazily or heavily, occurs, which I collate with the nearly synonymous Prov. Sw. pisla, and pislig, poorly, indisposed. No doubt eventually referrible to a common source with A.S. pise, pislic, heavy. Ed.]

Pakky, n. a small or young eel, some- times called a packneedle.

Pan, v.i. (1) to fit or tally. (2) To frame or offer as a learner.

Panches (a form of paunches), n. tripe.

Pannage, n. (1) the mast of the oak and beech which swine feed on in the woods. (2) The right of turning out hogs to feed on mast in woods.

Panter, n. a snare for birds, made of hair.

Pappy, n. (1) the female breast. (2) The nipple of the same. (3) A mother's milk.

Par, Pr. of pair.

Pare, v.i. to go off, to get worse. "T' compares fearfully."

Parget, v.t. to plaister or whitewash.

Paring, n. injury, corruption.

Parkin, n. a sort of cake made of oat- meal and treacle.

Parlish (Corr. of perilous), adv. exceed- ingly ; as, "Parlish rich."

Parrock, n. a small field for calves, etc. A.S. parruc or pearroc.

Parsel, n. parsley.

Pash, v.t. (1) to strike with violence so as to break to pieces. (2) To walk or trudge about. " He's olas pashin about."

61

PA

PE

Pash, n, a heavy shower.

Pashy, adj. wet, rainy ; as, "pashy weather:" also dirty; as, " A pashy road."

Patrick, Corr. of partridge.

Pattle, v.t. to pat gently with the hand.

Pattle, n. a small sharp spade to edge sods with, or clean ploughs.

Pauk, v.i. to go about awkwardly or slowly.

Pauky, adj. inquisitive.

Pauling (Corr. of tarpaulin), n. a cover- ing for a cart or waggon.

Paum, Pr. of palm.

Paums, w. the catkins of the willow.

Paum- Sunday, n. the Sunday before Easter.

Paup, v. i. "T&paup about " = To walk about meaninglessly.

Pawt, v.i. to potter, to do work in an idle, slovenly way.

Pea-swad, ) -,

Pey-swad, | ^ pea-pod.

Peaking, adj. prying.

Peakish, adj. simple, rude.

Peal, n. a noise or uproar.

Pean, v.t. to strike or beat.

Pearching, adj. cold, penetrating, pinch- ing.

Peark, v.i. to peep, to pry inquisitively.

Pearkers, w. young rooks able to perch. A form of 'perchers.'

Peddle, w. light and easy employment ; as, "It would be a nice peddle for him "= Employment without much labour, suited to one not capable of much exertion.

Peddle, v.t. to do anything slightly, to trifle, to do work ineffectually.

Pedlar' s-basket, w. a name for the ivy- leaved snapdragon {Antirrhinum cym- ballaria, Linn.).

Pee, v.i. to look with one eye, to squint, to take aim.

Peed, adj. blind of one eye.

Peeping-hide, n. a nursery pastime, in which the child is amused by the alternate hiding and exposure of the face.

Peerk, v.i. to walk consequentially.

Peert, adj. brisk, lively.

Peevish, adj. (1) cunning. (2) Cross, crusty.

Peewit : a shout or cry of " peewit " made use of by boys in the game of " Hounds and hare : " —

" Hark in t' hollow, T' dogs waint follow, If t' yar dus'nt cry Peewit." 62

Peg, (1) v.i. to move briskly. (2) v.t. To. beat.

Peggy, n. a simpleton.

Peil, v.t. and i. (1) to trouble, to harass. (2) To be actively or energetically moving or working.

Peimealston, n. a granite boulder-stone.

Pelk, v.t. to beat, to thrash.

Pell, n. a heavy shower of rain or hail, with strong wind.

Pelse, n. (1) trash, refuse, vile stuff. (2) A mean, worthless person.

Pelt, n. a skin with the fur on.

Pelt, n. (1) a blow or stroke. (2) A rage or passion.

Pelter, n. anything large.

Pelter, v.t. to batter, to beat.

Pen, n. the root of a feather.

Pen. This word is said to be of Phoe- nician extraction, and signifies head or eminence. We have many names in Cornwall, Wales, and Cumberland which begin with pen: — Pen- wort- ham, Pew-court, Pen-dock, Pew-dre, Pew-hill, Pew-man Maur, Pew-ning- ton in Furness, Pew-y-gent, Pew-ryth, Pew-ryn, Pew-zance, Pew -ruddock, Pew-dragon, Pew-domer, Pew-ning- ham (Wigton), Pe^-brook, Pew-den, Pew-cher, Pew-coyd, Pew-comb, Pew- creek, Pew-nicuik, Pew-nister (York), Pew-denelow, Pew-dennis, Pew-den- nock Point, Pew-dle-hill, Pew-dle Forest, Pew-dleton.

Penfeddher, w. (1) a word descriptive of the state of young birds before the feathers have become developed. (2) A term applied to a horse whose hair is rough.

Pent'us, (Pr. of penthouse), w. the part of a roof which projects over the outer wall of a house, and sometimes sufficiently wide to walk under ; also an open shed or projection over a door. W. penty, a penthouse.

Pepper, v.t. (1) to rate or scold. (2) To beat, to thrash.

Penal, w, three cards of the same number. Corr. of pair royal.

Perished, adj. starved with cold.

Perk, v.t. to start up, to grow brisk. W. perc, compact, trim, lively.

Perky, adj. saucy.

Pern, v. i.to over-roast or dry, to shrivel up.

Pesterment, w. embarassment.

Pet, n. (1) an angry mood. " She tuk th' pet an wodn't cum." (2) A cade or house lamb.

PE

PI

Pet-lip, n. a hanging lip.

Pett, adj. petted.

Petted, adj. indulged, spoilt.

Pettish, adj. passionate, ill-humoured, cross.

Petties, n. low or mean grammar scholars. The lower scholars at Cart- mel school were formerly so called.

Pettle, v.i. to coax, to play with, to trifle.

Pettlement, n. easy, trifling jobs of work.

Pettling, adj. trifling.

Peyl, v.t. (1) to weary. (2) To beat. See Peil.

Piannet, n. (1) a magpie. M. piednat, a magpie, W.pioden. (2) A peony.

Pick, n. pitch. " It's as dark as pick." W. pyg, pitch, Gael, pic, M. pick, A.S. pic, O.Fris. pik, Du. pick, Finn. pihka.

Pick, n. a sharp-pointed mason's tool for facing limestone.

Pick, v.t. (1) to fling or pitch, to push suddenly. (2) To cast a calf ; as, "T' cow's picked her coaf." (3) To glean corn.

Pick-dark, adj. quite or pitch dark.

Picker, n. the man who pitches corn or hay up on to the waggon.

Pickfork, ) n. a pitchfork. Dan. pik,

Piksfork, ] a pike.

Pickle, n. a small quantity.

Pickle, v. t. to soak wheat.

Picks, n. pi. diamonds at cards. Pro- bably from their two sharp points resembling a limestone pick.

Pick up, v.i. to vomit.

Piddle, v.i. to go about pretending to work, but doing little or nothing.

Pie, To make a. To combine in order to make money.

Piece, n. (1) a field or enclosure. (2) A little while.

Pienanny, n. a magpie.

Pig-cote, n. a pig-sty.

Piggin, n. a small wooden vessel made in the manner of a half barrel, and having one stave longer than the rest for a handle. W.picyn, a wooden vessel hooped.

Pig-hull, n. a pig-sty.

Pignut, n. the earthnut. {Bunium Jlexuosum).

Pigtail, n. a farthing candle.

Pike, v.t. to pick.

Pike, n. (1) the summit of a rocky mountain ; as Stickle Pike, near Broughton, in Furness. (2) A large cock of hay. Dan. pik.

Pike, n. a hay-fork, a pitch-fork. Piked, adj. pointed.

Pikelin \ n' a sort of muffin-

Pile, n. (1) a blade of grass. (2) The head of an arrow. M. pyle, a sharp- pointed iron ferule on an arrow, O.N. pila, sagitta, pilum, Sw. pil, arrow, bolt, shaft, Dan. pil, id. (3) A small tower.

Pile, Cross and, Cross and Poll, Cross and Head. On early pennies the obverse had the king's head on it, and on the reverse was a cross. At this cross the penny for change was often cut into four farthings.

Pill-gill, n. a raree show.

Pin, On the. On the qui vive.

Pin, In a merry. In a merry humour.

Pin, v.t. (1) to do a thing in haste. (2) To fasten down, to secure. "VHpin him "= I'll secure him.

Pinch, v.t. to plait linen.

Pinch, n. the game of pitch-halfpenny, or pitch-and-hustle.

Pinder, v.t. to scorch, to shrivel up by the action of fire.

Pine, v.t. to hunger, to famish. A.S. pinan, to grow lean.

Pinfold, n. a pound for cattle.

Pink, n. a young salmon.

Pink, v.t. to strike a blow at the eyes.

Pink of a fellow, A= An extraordinary character.

Pinnel, n. hard clayey gravel.

Pipe, v.t. to cry, to whimper, to whine. Sw. pipa, to pipe, whine, cry, Dan. pibe.

Pipe -stopper, n. a broken piece of a clay tobacco pipe.

Pipin', n. the noise made by bees pre- paratory to swarming,

Pippin, n. (1) the seed of an apple. (2) A species of apple which contains a large core.

Pips, 7o. the flowers of cowslips used in making cowslip wine.

Pirn, n. a stick with a loop of cord for twisting on the nose of a refractory horse .

Pirned, adj. dried up, pined.

Pirns, n. a kind of ring for a vicious cow's nose.

Pirty, Corr. of pretty.

Pismire, n, an ant. S.G. myra, formica, A.S. myra, Du. pismeire, an ant.

Pissibed, n. the dandelion. D\i.pisse- bedde, Fr. pissenlit, dandelion . 63

PI

PR

Pitch, v.t. to pave roughly.

Pitched, adj. of cheese exposed at fairs

or markets by the dairy and not by

sample. "To pitch a dairy" is to

carry the whole to the market or fair

at once. Pitcher, n. the man who lifts or pitches

the reaped corn or hay up on the

waggon. Pith, n. force, strength, might. Pit-steeads, n. circular places in coppice

wood, where charcoal has been made. Pitted, adj. matched. Plack, n. a piece of money. Plantin', n. a plantation. [dabble.

Plash, n. a puddle. Sw, plaska, to Plash, v.t. to cut (hedges). Plat, n. (1) a long heap of hay. (2) A

small foot-bridge. Play-sharp : be quick. Plean (Pr. of plain), v.t. to tell tales

against, to complain fretfully. Fr.

se plaindre, to complain, to lament. Plean, n. a tell-tale. Pleanin', adj. complaining. Plea'nipie, n. a tale-bearer. Please, v.t. to satisfy, to pay. Pletts, n. plaits. Plightly, adv. diligently. Plish, v.t. (1) to blister. (2) To excite

the redness in the skin which pre- cedes a blister. Ploo-suck, n. a ploughshare. Plop, n. the noise of anything falling

into water. Gael, plab, a soft noise,

as of a body falling into water, Pluck, n. the heart, liver and lungs of

an animal. Pluckin', n. the worsted plucked from

the machine while the wheel turns. Plug, v.t. to pull (as the hair). S.G.

plocka, vellere. Plum, adj. upright, perpendicular. Plum

down. Plump, adv. exactly, directly. "Plump

up " = Up to the mark. Poached, adj. of land trodden by cattle

when in a wet state. Poachin', adj. swampy.

Po oboes, | n- Porridge— a child's term-

Pock-arr, n. a pock-mark.

Pock-arred, \ adj. marked with the

Pock-marked, ) small-pox.

Pock-mark, n, a scar left by the small- pox. A. S. poc, a pock, a pustule.

Pod, n. a foot — generally a child's. " Put down thi lile pod" 64

Pod, v.t. to shoot a marble unfairly by

jerking the hand. Poddinger, n. a coarse earthenware pot

with a handle, used for eating por- ridge from. Poddish, Corr. of porridge. " Seyav

thee wind to cool thee poddish ; " a

saucy phrase. M. poddash, potage. Poddish-pot, n. the same as Poddinger. Point, v.t. to fill up the joints of a wall

with mortar. Point the earth, To. To put down one's

foot to the ground. Pointer, n. a guide-post. Poke, n. a bag or sack. Poky, adj. inquisitive. Polled-cow, n. a cow without horns. Poo, Pr. of pull. Pook, n. the belly, the stomach. Poortmantle, n. a bag for a cloak or

mantle, a portmanteau. Popple, v.i. to bubble up. Porfle, v.t. to hoard, to save. Porker, n. a young hog fatted for the

purpose of being eaten fresh. Porriwinkles, Corr. of periwinkles. Portapin, n. a teetotum. Poss, v.t. to dash or shake anything

forcibly in the water. Possy (Pr. of Pursy), adj. thick, short,

fat. Pot-crate, n. a large open basket to

carry crockery in. Pote, n. a small stroke on the head. Pots, 11. crockery.

Potscar, ) n. a potsherd or piece of Pot-share, ) broken pottery. Potter, ii. a hawker of earthenware. Potter, v.t. to poke. Pottery-ware, n. earthenware. Pottiker, n. an apothecary. Pouk, 11. a pimple or blister. Pou't (Pr. of poult), n. a young bird. Pow, 11. the poll or head. Pow, v.t. to cut the hair of the head. Powder, v.i. to bustle, to hasten. Powdered, p.p. sprinkled over. "A

garment powdered with purple studs." Powse, n. dirt, refuse, ofi'al. W. ptis,

what is expelled. Powsement, n, refuse, lumber. Pox, 11. the small-pox. Prattle -basket, n. a prattling child. Prayed-for, p.p. churched. Sometimes

said ironically of parties asked in

church. Preachment, n. a sermon. Prease, n. (1) choice. (2) Invitation.

PR

PY

Prease, v.t. to invite, to press. " Ye'll need na preasin "= You will need no invitation.

Prent, Pr. of print.

Prick, v.t. to trace a hare's footsteps.

Pricker, n. (1) a sprig-bit or carpenter's awl. (2) Any sharp-pointed instru- ment.

Prickin's, n. the footsteps of a hare.

Prickle, v.t. to prick.

Prick-louse, n. a nickname for a tailor.

Prick-lugged, adj. having erect ears.

Prickly-back, n. the stickleback.

Pride o' t' weddher. Fineness of the weather. " It's nobbut t' pride o' f weddker;" said of the weather during a few drops of summer rain.

Primed, adj. exhilarated with liquor.

Princy-cock, n. a dandified, conceited young fellow.

Print, n. the mark made by the foot of a fox.

Prise, n. a lever, a purchase obtained by leverage.

Prise, v.t. to employ leverage on any object ; as, " To prise open a box."

Proas, n. talk, conversation of a gos- siping order. [Pross is the usual form. Ed.]

Prod, n. any sharp-pointed instrument. Dan. prod.

Prod, v.t. to thrust, to poke, or push.

Proddle, v.t. (1) to thrust. (2) To make holes.

Pross, v.i. to look big and of consequence.

Prossin', adj. bumptious.

Prossy, adj. consequential-looking.

Prou, interj. a call to cattle when loiter- ing to urge them to go faster.

Proud, adj. (1) luxuriant. "T' field's gay proud " = In good condition. (2) Full, high. " That joint's too proud" = Too full or prominent ; said of mares. (3) Swelling. (4) Maris ap- petens.

Prouk, v.t. to decorate, to dress in a showy, affected manner,

Prouler, n. a thief.

Proven [a form of Provand, O.E. pro- vende, from Lat. prmbendum, Ed.], n. provender, provision.

Prow, v.t. to dig or throw up mould, to root amongst anything.

Pubble, adj. plump, full ; spoken of corn or fruit.

Pudder, n. confusion, bother.

Pudding-kite, n. a young bird just out of the shell.

Puddins, n. the intestines.

Pudgy, adj. short and stout.

Pug-feyaced, adj. monkey-faced.

Puke, n. an emetic.

Pum, v.t. to beat or thump. "Pum him weel, he desarves it."

Pumhead, n. (1) a sort of limber-handled bat to strike the knor in the game Spell and knor. (2) A stupid fellow, a blockhead. " Thou girt pumheyad?

Pummer, n. anything big or large. "Eeh, what a, pummer."

Pump, v.i. pedere.

Pump, n. crepitus ventris.

Punch, v.t. to kick with the feet.

Punch, n. a hard kick with the foot.

Punfaad (Corr. of pinfold), n. a pound for cattle.

Piirdy, n. a short, broad, fat person.

Purely, adj. hearty, nicely, quite well.

Purtenance, n. an animal's intestines.

Push-pin, n. a name for a child's play, in which pins are pushed with an endeavour to cross them.

Pussomed, p.p. poisoned.

Put, n. a game at cards.

Put, v.t. to push or butt with the horns, as cattle do. W. pwtiaw, to poke or thrust against, Gael, put, push or thrust, M. puth, to push, Fin. pusken, cornibus peto vel ferio, ut taurus. ^if }\i meputtest in >et e?e (if thou thrustest me in the eye) occurs in Old English Homilies (E.E.T.S.) at p. 15. Ed.]

Put about, To. To give trouble or concern to, to teaze or worry.

Put on, To. To manage or contrive a subsistence.

Putre, v.i. to cry, to whimper.

Putt en, p.p. of To put.

Putter, n. a butting cow or bull. Gael. putair, one who pushes. See Put.

Putt ey- cow, n. a butting cow.

Puttin'-on, n. a bare state of existence. " If a can but addle his cleyaz and keep, it'll be a puttin-on" = If he can earn no more than his clothes and his food it will support him : until he can obtain some better situation, say.

Puzzen, Corr. of poison.

Puzzum, n. poison.

Puzzum, v.t. to poison.

Puzzumful, adj. poisonous.

Pyche, n. a beehive.

Pymag, n. a magpie.

65

QU

RA

Quag, n. a bog or quagmire.

Quail, v.i. to fail, to fall sick, to faint.

Quake, n. tremor, fear, trembling.

Quality- j gj£k j n. gentry.

Quarrel. See Wharrel.

Quarl, Pr. of quarrel.

Quarrier, n. a worker at a quarry.

Querk, n. a moulding in joinery.

Querk, v.t. to cheat, to over-reach.

Quern, n. a hand-mill for grinding corn.

Quiet, adj. gentlemanly.

Quieten, v.t. to make quiet, to soothe.

Quilt, v.t. to beat.

Quit, v.t. to give notice to quit, to re- move by force. "I'll quit him"=I will get rid of him.

Quite better, entirely recovered.

Quod, v.i. to fish for eels with worms tied on worsted.

R

Ra, Pr. of roe, the species of deer.

Raa, Pr. of row, a rank or line.

Raa, Pr. of raw. Cf. Dan. raa, raw, crude.

Raan-tree, ) n. the mountain ash. (Sor-

Roan-tree, ] bus aucuparia, Linn.).

Rabbet, v.t. When two boards, cut on the edges with a rabbet plane, are lapped with the edges one over another, this lapping over is called rabbeting. (Quoted from Halliwell). O.Fr. raboter, to plane, level, or lay even, to smooth.

Rabble, v.i. (1) to talk rapidly or con- fusedly. Du. rabbelen, to chatter, to trifle. (2) In sewing, to take too long stitches, and without due care to finish the work neatly.

Rabblement, n. a low mob.

Rabblin', adj. winding, irregular, zig- zag. "A lang rabblin' looan or vil- lage'^ A long uneven lane or village with irregularly- built houses.

Race, n. a small stream, a mill-lead.

Rack, n. the clouds driven along by the wind.

Rack of eye, To work by. To be guided by the eye in the execution of work done.

Racken, Corr. of reckon.

Racken-creak, n. a crook to hang on a fire-crane for hanging pots and pans on. 66

Rackle, n. noisy talk.

Rackle, adj. rude, unruly, unmanage- able, lecherous.

Rackless. A form of reckless.

Raddle, v.t. to wattle, as thorns for a staff and band hedge.

Raddle, v.t. to banter.

Raddles, n. long pieces of underwood twisted between upright stakes to form a fence.

Raddling, n. wattling. M. radling, pales, railing.

Raff, n. scum, refuse.

Raff, adj. idle, dissolute.

Raffles, n. plays with dice. 0. Fr. raffle, a game with three dice, wherein he that throws all three alike wins what- ever is set.

Rag, n. a mist or drizzling rain.

Rag, v.t. to scold, to abuse.

Ragabrash, n. an idle, mean, impudent person.

Rageous, adj. in a rage, in excessive pain, violent, furious,

Raggard, n. a wicked and abandoned wretch.

Raggaly, adj. villanous.

Ragged-robins, n. beggarly, discredit- able people. " Yer a set o' ragged- robins"

Raggy, adj. a term applied to a drizzly day accompanied with frost.

Raise, n. a cairn of stones.

Raise, v.t. to make additional loops in knitting a stocking.

Rait, v.t. to dissipate the sap of vege- tables by exposing them to the weather. Hay is said to be raited when it has been much exposed to an alternation of wet and dry weather.

Rake, n. (1) a rut, crack, crevice, or streak. Fin. rake, fissura, ruptura, rima. (2) A strip of ground, usually covered with smooth sward, but sometimes strewn with stones, lying on the side of a hill, and sunk below the level of the neighbouring parts ; as, Outrake, in Coniston Fells. (3) A stray or privilege for cattle to de- pasture.

Rallock, v.t. to romp, to rollick.

Ram, adj. acrid, fetid, having a strong smell or taste. Isl. rammr, Dan. ram, acrid, rank, Sw. ramslok, bear-garlick.

Rame, ) v.i. to sprawl out the hands

Raum, ) and arms as in reaching something, (a as in father).

RA

BE

Rammish, adj. rank, acrid, pungent.

O. N. rammr, amarus, Sw. ram. Rammish, adj. violent. O.N. ramr,

fortis, robustus. Ramp, ) n. a strong smelling plant Ramps, ) with a white flower, wild

garlic. Rampageous, adj. riotous, furious,

boisterous. Ramp and reyav, To. To be in a violent

passion. Ramscallion, n. a low, dirty fellow. Ramshackle, adj. ill-adjusted, dis- orderly, confused and obstructed in

motion. Ran-dan, n. a noise, an uproar. " To be

on the Ran-dan " = To be carousing

and playing the fool. Rank, adj. thick, full, abundant. A.S.

ranc, proud, rank, fruitful. Rannel-balk, n. a piece of wood in a

chimney to hang crooks upon. Ran-tan, n. a loud and long knocking

at a door. R antipole, n. a rude, romping child. Ranty, adj. (1) wild, frisky, lecherous.

(2) Angry, mad. Rape, n. a species of turnip. Dan.

rapsced, rape (Brassica rapa). Rappin', adj. large. Raps, n. news. " What raps 1 "=What

have you in the way of news ? Rapscallion, n. a low vagabond.

Rear C a(^' underdone, raw"' Rarely, adj. quite well in health. Rascal, n. a lean animal. A.S. rascal,

a lean, worthless deer. Rascot, ) t t

Raskelt, J?*- a rascal, a knave.

Rasp, n. a raspberry.

Ratch, v.i. to tell great falsehoods.

Ratch, v.t. to stretch, to strain, to make bigger or widen.

Rate, v.i. to become rotten. See Rait.

Rated, adj. careworn.

Ratey, adj. rough, tempestuous ; of the weather.

Ratten, n. a rat.

Rattipelt, n. a rough, noisy child.

Rattle, v.t. to beat or thrash.

Rattle-can, n. a talkative person.

Rattlepate, n. a giddy, chattering person.

Ravel, v.t. to entangle. J Rawky, adj. raw and cold, 1 Rawp, n. a hoarseness.

Ray, n. a diarrhoea.

Reach, n. a division of a valley made by the projection of the surrounding hills.

Reach to, v.i. to reach out one's hand so as to help oneself. Thus if you say to a countryman, " Shall I help you to some of this ? " his reply will probably be, " No, thank you ; I'll reach to.

Read, v.t. to comb the hair. "It's seya cotter'd at I cannet read it "= the hair is so entangled that I cannot comb it.

Ream, n. cream.

Ream. See Rame.

Rean, n. (1) a division running between the dales in common fields ; also balks or portions of grass land in arable fields. (2) A strip of land left to mark the boundary of a field, a ridge or balk. Belg. reyn, a bound or limit, O.N. rein, tenue spatiolum terras in longum porrectum.

Rear, (1) v.t. to lay timber on a new building, to raise ; especially applied to the woodwork of a roof. (2) v.i. To rise up before the plough as the furrows sometimes do in ploughing.

Rearin', n. the act of raising.

Rearing-feast, n. a supper or feast given to the workmen when the roof is reared or put on the house.

Resisted, adj. tired, unwilling to do anything.

Reasty, adj. (1) stubborn, inclined to resist, restive. (2) Rancid.

Reat, Pr. of root.

Reatwelt, n. See Rootwelt.

Reb, Pr. of rib. O. Fris. reb.

Reckan, n. a hook for pots.

Recklin'. See Wreckling.

Reckon, v.t. to think or guess.

Red, pret. of To ride.

Red, v.t. to put in order, to clear or put to rights. " To red up t' house." S.G. reda, explicare, to set in order, to arrange.

Red, n. ruddle for marking sheep. W. rhudd, a red or crimson colour, Sw. rod, red.

Reddle, ) n. a red ochrey kind of stone

Ruddle, \ with which sheep are marked. \rhidyll.

Reddle (Pr. of riddle), n. a sieve. W.

Reddle, v.t. to riddle.

Reddlin', n. a riddle, a puzzle.

Redshanks, n. a name appled to more than one species of polygonum. 67

RE

RO

Red-staiyaks, ) n. the stakes to which Rud-staiyaks, ] cows are fastened in

the cow-house. Redtail, n. the redstart. Redwater, n. a disease to which cattle

are subject. Ree, v.t. to shake corn in a sieve. Reeden, adj. See Wreeden. Reein-sieve, n. a sieve for corn made

of cane, used before the invention of

winnowing machines. Reek, n. (1) smoke, vapour, or mist.

(2) Odour, smell. O.N. reyMr, fumus,

A.S. rdec, smoke, vapour, N.Fris. rek. Reek, v.i. to smoke. O.N. rjtika,

fumum emittere, A.S. reacan, to

smoke, O.Fris. reku, N.Fris. riecke,

Dan. ryge. Reested, adj. rancid, spoiled, as bacon

from being badly kept. Reet, Pr. of right.

Reetle, v.t. to put to rights, to repair. Reft, Pr. of rift. Reish, n. a rush.

Reish-bearin'. See Rush-bearing. Ren, v.i. to run. O.N. renna, currere,

A.S. rennan, to run, to flow, S.G.

renna, currere, Sw. ranna, to run>

M.G. rinnan. Renable, adj. loquacious, and never at a

a stop or inconsistent in telling a story. Rench, ) ^ c •

Reuse, j Corr- of nnse' Render, v.t. to melt, as lard, etc. Isl.

rinde, liquefacere (Dr. Jamieson). , Renner, n. a runner. Renners, n. frequenters;

Rensin'

a cleaning out. Sw. rens-

ning, cleansing, purgation. Repple. A form of Ripple. Ret, v.t. to soak in water. Revestry, n. an apartment in a church

where the priest puts on his sacred

garments. The word is used in the

"Old Churche Boke " of Cartmel,

containing churchwardens' accounts,

etc., commencing 1597. Reyak, Pr. of rake. Reyak-stele, n. the handle of a rake. Ribs, n. stout pieces of timber laid on

the principals of a roof, and on which

the spars are fastened. Rick, n. a stack of hay. Rid, v.t. (1) to get rid of. (2) To clear

anything (of litter), to remove or

take away. Riddle, n. a coarse sieve. W. rhidyll,

a sieve. 68

Riddle -bread, n. thick, sour-leavened oat-cakes, shaken on a chequered backboard before being thrown on on the Backstan. See Backboord.

Riddling, n. a riddle.

Rife, adj. (1) abounding, prevalent. (2) Beady, quick to learn.

Rift, v.i. to belch. Dan. rcebe.

Rift, n. an eructation. Dan. rceben.

Rig, n. a ridge or elevated part of a ploughed held, upon which the sheaves of corn are arranged after having been cut and bound up.

Rig-beyan, n. the back-bone.

Riggin', n. the ridge of a house or other roof.

Riggin' -steyans, n. stones (of the shape of the letter V in section) placed on the last rows of slates on the ridge of a house to keep them secure.

Riggin' -tree, n. the most elevated piece of timber in the angle or roof of a house.

Riggish, adj. wanton.

Rigg'lt, n. an imperfect ram, or other animal half castrated.

Right-down, adj. downright.

Rim, n. the membrane enclosing the intestines.

Rimer, n. a tool used for enlarging screw-holes in metal or wood.

Ring-clogs, n. a pair of shoes with wooden soles and bound round the edges with hoop-iron called the ring.

Rip, v.i. to rate or chide, to be very violent.

Ripple, v.t. to scratch slightly.

Ripple, n. a slight scratch.

Rit, v.t. to make a mark.

Rither, n. an instrument to nick out sods all of a size.

Rive, n. a rent or tear. O.N. rifa, rima, fissura.

Rive, v.t. (pret. rove, p.p. row'n) (1) to tear, to split. (2) To eat ravenously.

Roaky, ) adj. hoarse. G. rocach, hav-

Rooky, \ ing a hoarse voice, Fin. rSkhd, tussis rauca.

Roan -berry, n. the berry of the moun- tain ash. Dan. ronneboer.

Roan-tree, n. the mountain ash (Sor- bus aucuparia).

Robin-run-i'-th'-hedge, n. the plant bedstraw. Fr. Bon Robin.

Rock, n. a distaff, or the stick to which flax was fastened when spinning by the hand. N.Fris. rdk or rok, S.G. rock, a distaff, Dan. rok} a spinning- wheel.

RO

SA

Rocking, pcpl. walking with alternate

sideway motion. Rodden, n. a rat. M. roddan. Roggle, v.t. to shake. O.N. rugl, per-

turbatio. Roke, n. fog or mist. Rokelay, n. a cloak. Fr. roquelaire. Roky, adj. misty, drizzly, smoky. Rollock, n. a rowlock. M. rollag, the

hollow an oar works in in the gun- wale of a boat. Romps, n. a rude and turbulent girl. Rone, n. the roe of a fish. Rood, n. in long measure, 7 yards in

length, (n. 6^ yards in length). Rook, n. a heap. S.G. rbk and rulca,

ruga, cumulus, acervus. Roop, n. a hoarseness. Rootwelt, n. opening the ends of

sheaves of corn, and exposing them

to the wind. Roper, n. a rope-maker. Ropy, adj. viscous, glutinous. Rosin, v.i. to be addicted to drinking

intoxicating liquor. "He rosins hard"

= He drinks hard. Sw. rusa, to fuddle. Rosin-end, n. a shoemaker's thread. Rosined, adj. tipsy. Sw. rusig, gone in

drink, from rus, a drunken fit,

drunkenness, Dan. rusende, fuddled,

intoxicated. Rossel, (1) v.t. to heat, to roast. "To

rossel one's shins." (2) v.i. To bask

over a fire. Rosselled, adj. decayed. Wood in the

course of decaying is said to be

rosselled. Rosselled, adj. inflamed with liquor. Rostle, v.t. to stir up. Rough, v.t. to make horses' shoes rough

in frosty weather. Rough-spun, adj. rude, unpolished. Rouse, v.t. to shake and flutter (in

hawking). Rousty, Pr. of rusty. Rove, pret. of To rive. Rovv'n, p.p. of To rive. Rowley-powley, n. a game formerly

practised at fairs and races. Roy, v.i. to swagger, to boast, to domi- neer, to indulge in convivial mirth.

N.Fris. roy, Royle, v.i. to bluster or roar in a

boisterous manner. Ruck, n. a heap of stones, Ruck, O of a. Suddenly; all in a

heap, disorderly. Ruck, n. a rut in a road.

Rud, n. rudddle for sheep. See Reddle.

Ruddle, v.t. to wattle with split sticks.

Rud-staiyak. See Red-staiyak.

Rue-bargain, n. (1) a bargain repented of. When a man withdraws his banns of marriage it is spoken of as a rue- bargain. (2) Something given to be off an agreement.

Ruff, v.t. to trump or renounce at cards.

Ruffiner, ) m

RufflngeV,r-aruffiim-

Rum, n. the step of a ladder.

Rumgumptious, adj. violent, bold and rash, boisterous.

Rummuck, v.i. to romp boisterously.

Rungs, n. the round steps of a ladder. G. rong, a joining spar, any piece of wood by which others are joined, N. Fris. rung, a pin or bolt of a car- riage, M.G. rung.

Run-out, adj. exhausted ; applied to overcropped land.

Runt, n. (1) a stout dwarf, a stunted animal or tree. Fin. runto, truncus corporis major. (2) A Scotch ox or cow. Du. rund, a runt, bullock or ox.

Runty, adj. dwarfish, little, short and stout. Fin. runtewa, corpulentus, robustus.

Rush-bearin', n. carrying the rushes to cover the floor of the church.

Russeler, Corr. of wrestler.

Rust, n. the mildew of wheat.

Ruttle, v.i. (1) to rattle. (2) To breathe with difficulty, and with noise in the throat, like a dying person.

Ryes, n. the stalks of potatoes.

Sa, Pr. of so.

Saant, Corr. of shall not. " Thou saant du it."

Sack, To get the. To be turned out of employ.

Sackless, adj. dejected, spiritless, help- less. A.S. sacleds, quiet, O.N. sak- lauss, innocens.

Sad, adj. heavy, solid ; said of bread when heavy, or of hay when very close and firm. W. sad, firm.

Sad-bad, adj. very ill.

Saddle-pow, n. the saddle-bow, or the piece which forms the front of the saddle. O.N, sbdulbogi, A.S. boga, Sw. sadelbom, saddle-bow.

Sadness, n. gravity, seriousness.

SA

sc

ig, v.i. to hang down heavily, as oppressed by weight. n. a saw ; the g hard.

Said, p.p. of say ; influenced, deterred. "He's varra wilfle, he'll net be said" =He will not be obedient.

Saim, n. lard, fat. W. saim.

Saint John, n. a double nut, apple, etc.

Saint Mary's nut, n. a triple nut.

Sairy, adj. (1) poor, helpless. (2) In- considerable, exceedingly small.

Saiyar (Pr. of sore), adj. grieved.

Sal. A form of shall. "Thou mZ duit."

Salamander, n. a large poker used for lighting fires.

Sallet, n. a salad.

Sam, v.t. to collect together.

Sam, adv. See Ham-sam.

Samel, n. (1) gritty, sandy earth, mixed with lime for mortar. (2) A kind of loamy gravel used for puddling.

Sammin', n. a collecting or laying to- gether.

Sang, By my. A north country ex- clamation of revenge or defiance.

Sapless, adj. foolish, silly, witless.

Sappin', n. a drenching.

Sappy, adj. moist.

Sap-whistle, n. a whistle made of sappy

wood. Sark, n. a shirt or woman's shift. A.S.

sere, N.Fris. serk, Sw. sark, smock,

shift, Dan. scerk. Sarra, (1) v.i. to suffice. (2) v.t. To

serve, to supply. " He's tu sarra t'

Pig-" Sarrah, n. an unmanageable scamp. Sart, adv. certainly. Sary-man. An expression of pity. Sattle, v.i. to settle, to lower. "Corn

begins to sattle." Sauer (Pr. of sour), adj. Said of blue

coarse grass, which cattle will not

eat if they can help it. Sauer-dock, n. sorrel. "W. swan, sour

plant, sorrel. Sauer-doff (Pr. of sour dough), n.

leaven. Sauer-milk, n. butter-milk ; also called

Churn-milk. Saurin', n. vinegar. Saut-pie, n. a box for salt, Sauve, Pr. of salve. Savver (Pr. of savour), n. a taste or

smell. Sawk, Corr. of suck. 70

Say, n. (1) influence. " Heez girt say i' t' parish." (2) Expression of opinion. " I'll hev mi say."

Scabbings, n. chippings of stone.

Scabble, v. t. to rough-hew stone.

Scabby, adj. stingy, shabby.

Scald, adj. scabby, particularly in the head. Cf. Gael, sgall, baldness.

Scale, v.t. to spread, to disperse.

Scale t' bars, To. To clear the fire or grate.

Scallops, n. an awkward wench, an untidy romp.

Scape -gallows, n. a bad fellow, one who has narrowly escaped the gallows.

Scar, ) n. line of rock bare of vege-

Scar, ) adj. wild, timid, shy. O.N.

Scare, \ slcjarr, timidus, pavidus, f ugax.

Scarce, adj. sparing.

Scar'd, adj. scared, frightened.

Scarified, adj. frightened.

Scarn, n. dung of cattle. AS. secern,

Isl. skarn, dung, etc. Scaud, Pr. of scald. Scaud-heead, n. ringworm on the head. Scaup (Pr. of scalp), n. head, scull. Scaup, n. land at or near the top of a

hill, the chief characteristic of which

is bare thin soil. Scaupy, adj. bare, covered with only a

little soil. "A scaupy field" — one

with little soil. Scog, n. a sheltered place. Scoggers, n. stockings with the feet

cut off, and worn on the arms. Sconce, n. (1) a high-backed seat. (2)

A screen to draw between the door

and fire to keep out the wind. (3)

The head, the pate. Scoo, n. a swarm, a great number, a

shoal. Gael, sgaoth, M. skyoll, a great

deal, a large quantity. Scopperel, n. (1) a round flat piece of

bone with a hole in the centre. " It

spins like a scopperel." (2) A light

agile child.

!££}»• a slide.

Scur \ v'*" ^° s^e- Gael, sgiorr, slide. Score, n. twenty yards, a term used for

distances in the game of Spell and

knor. Score, n. twenty pounds weight. Scot, ) v.t. to stop the wheel of a Scotch, ] coach or waggon with a

stone, etc.

sc

SE

Scot, n. a Scotch cow.

Scotty-kye, n. Scotch cattle.

Scoup, n. a scoop.

Scour, v.t. "To scour a hedge "= To deepen the ditch, and to breast up the hedge with the soil taken out ; also, to clean out ponds.

Scout, n. a high rock.

•Scowder, n. a bustle, confusion.

Scowder'd, adj. over-heated with work- ing.

Scraal, v.i. to live on uncertain wages, to make a scanty subsistence.

Scraalin', adj. (1) sprawling. (2) Liv- ing from hand to mouth.

Scraamb, v.t. to pull or rake together with the hands.

Scra.ffle, n, a scramble.

Scraffle, v.i. (1) to act unfairly by re- ceding from a promise . (2) To quarrel.

Scrafflehorn, n. a restless, worthless fellow relying on shifts and expedients.

Scraffling, adj. trifling, living from hand to mouth. S.G. shraf, nugse.

Scrag, a lean, thin person. N.Fris. shrog, an insignificant person, nothing but skin and bone.

Scraggelt, n. a worthless fellow.

Scrap, n. a place spread with grain as a lure for small birds.

Scrat, v.t. to scratch.

Scrat, n. (1) a scratch. (2) A miserly fellow living on scratchings and par- ings. (3) The itch. " He's gitten t' scrat."

Scrat, Oud : the devil. O.S. skratten, O.N. skrattin, the devil.

Scratchings, n. scraps of tallow and skin left on melting, and made into cakes for dogs' food.

Screak, v.i. to screech, to creak as a door.

Screed, n. a rent, shred, or fragment ; chiefly applied to clothing materials. A dressmaker will say, " There's not a screed left, M'm." A.S. screade, a shred, Gael, sgrait, a shred or rag, O.Fris. shred.

Screened, adj. sifted.

Screes, n. loose stones detached and fallen from a scar or precipice.

Scribe, v.t. to make marks with the appropriate instrument, as carpenters do.

Scribe, n. an instrument used to num- ber and mark wood or trees.

Scrimp, v.i. to spare, to pinch.

Scrimpin', adj. niggardly, pinching.

Scrimpy, adj. small, pinching.

Scroggy, adj. abounding in stunted underwood.

Scrogs, n. stunted bushes.

Scrooby, n. a decoction of various kinds of young herbs, made in spring as an antiscorbutic.

Scrouge, v.t. to squeeze.

Scrow, v.t. to toil hard for a living.

Scrow, n. uproar, confusion ; often ap- plied to a thorough cleaning.

Scruff, n. the nape of the neck.

Scrunch, v.t. to cranch, to crush.

Scrunchlin', n. a small, green shrivelled apple.

Scrunty, adj. low, short, stunted ; of trees.

Scry, v.t. to descry.

Scud, n. (1) a slight, rapid shower. (2) Slight clouds showing the direction of the wind.

Scuff, n. the back part of the neck.

Scuffle, n. a garden hoe.

Scuffle, n. a linen garment worn by children to keep their clothes clean, a pinafore.

Scuffler, n. a sort of plough for clean- ing between turnip ridges.

Scug, v.i. to hide.

Scug, n. a sheltered place. O.N. slcyggja, to over-shadow, Sw. skugga, to shadow.

Scun, v.t. to throw a stone.

Scur. See Skir.

Scurrick, n. a small piece. M. sJcirrag, a splinter.

Scutter, n. watery excrement of cattle.

Scutter, v.i. to run away quickly.

Scuttle, v.i. to walk fast. " He scuttles away."

Scuttle, n. a shallow basket much in use in the barn, and in other depart- ments of husbandry.

Scutty, adj. (1) short. (2) Short-tailed. "W. cwt, short.

Sea-coaf, Pr. of sea-calf.

Sea-gor, n. a sea-gull. See also Gor.

Seal, n. a willow tree.

Seams, n. the marks of small-pox.

Sea-nag, n. a ship.

Sea-pie, n. the oyster-catcher (Hamia- topus ostralegus).

Sea-pink, n. the small pink flower com- mon at the sea-side, the plant thrift.

Searching, adj. keen, piercing ; of the wind.

Seat, Pr. of soot.

Sea-tangle, n. sea- weed. O.N. yaungull, fucus.

71

SE

SH

Seek, Pr. of sack. [sceccing.

Seckin(g), n. canvass for sacks. A.S.

Seconds, n. second-rate flour.

Seed-maund, n. a seed-basket used by sowers.

Seedness, n. seed-time.

Seeds, n. young grasses, land newly- laid to grass.

Seeds, n. busks of oats, called also mill-seeds. [ing a bare.

See-bo ! interj. an exclamation on start- Seem, v.t. to become. O.N. scema, de- cere. " It seems ya weel : " of a be- coming article of dress ; "It wod seem tha better " = It would be more becoming in you. O.N. betr scemdi yd)', potius te deceret, tibi conveniret.

See-saw, n. tbe cbild's play, cats-cradle.

Seetre (pr. see-tree), n. clotb worn threadbare.

Seg, n. a castrated bull.

Seg, n. a bard, horny part of the skin of the bands or feet.

Seggy, adj. hard and callous, as the skin in# the palm of a workman's hand, or on the bottom of the feet of those who go barefoot.

Seigh, v.i. (1) to stretch or bulge out. (2) To hang down heavily, as op- pressed by weight.

Sel, Corr. of self.

£8T,,|i»*«*T0«n.

Semly, Corr. of assembly.

Sen, adv. since.

Serve, v.t. to feed, animals namely.

Service -silver, n. a rent paid in Cart- mel, before land was enfranchised, in lieu of work liable to be done by copyhold tenants for the Lord of the Manor.

Set, n. a young plant or shoot, a piece of potatoe with an eye in it for planting.

Set, (1) v.t. to appoint, to fix ; as, " I set Thorsda for dun it." (2) To let. (3) To accompany any one on his way- (4) v.i. To settle, to bind as gravel on walks when it beomes solid.

Setten, p.p. of To set.

Setten-on, adj. short in growth.

Settle, n. a seat or form near the fire- place in old farm houses. A.S. scetel, setel, a seat.

Settle-stans, n. stones at the edge of a gutter in a cow-house.

Sew, pret. of To sow.

Sew. See Fig-sew. 72

Shaade, adj. shallow.

Shaams, interj. See example : "What the shaams, you ought to be ashamed !"

Shab-rag, n. a mean, beggarly person.

Shack, Pr. of shake.

Shack, n. a shake, of the health namely. " T ' faiver's gin him a terb'l shack " = The fever has given his consti- tution or health a terrible shake.

Shacken-brained, adj. disordered in intellect.

Shack-fork, n. a wooden fork for shaking straw on a barn floor.

Shackle, n. (1) the wrist. (2) An iron loop moving on a bolt. (3) A cow chain.

Shade, n. a shed.

Shaewl, v.i. to straddle with the feet in walking. See Shool, of which this is simply a phonetic form.

Shaff, n. nonsense, stupid talk.

Shaffle, v.i. to do things ineffectually.

Shafflehorn, n. a slow and dull ineffi- cient person.

Shafflement, n. insignificant people.

Shaffler, n. (1) a bungler. (2) One who walks lame.

Snaffling, adj. indolent, awkward, in- significant.

Shag, n. (1) a slice of bread or cheese. (2) A kind of cloth.

Shag-hat, n. a sort of hat made very long in the down.

Shally-wally, n. (1) a term of con- tempt. (2) Also nonsense.

Sham, Pr. of shame.

Sham, v.i. to blush with sbame.

Shamble, v.i. to walk awkwardly.

Shanks-galloway, To ride. To go on foot.

Shanks-nag, v.i. to travel on foot.

Shanty, adj. smart, gay, neat.

Shap (Pr. of shape), v.t. (1) to begin, to commence. (2) To be active ; as, "Shap it "=Be quick.

Shappin, pcpl. engaged in doing. "What's ta shappin now?"=How are you now employed ?

Shaps, n. oats, which look well to the eye, but are in fact without grain in the husks or receptacles.

Shard, n. cow-dung.

Sharn, n. cow-dung. A.S. scZarn, O.N. sham, stercus, sordes, S.G. skarn, dirt, filth, Sw. skarn, ordure, filth.

Sharp, adj. (1) pungent in taste. (2) Quick, active ; as, "Be sharp "=Be quick, make haste.

SH

SH

Sharps, n. flour with a portion of bran

in it. Shaws, n. the tops of turnips. Shear, v.t. to reap. A.S. sceran, O.Fris.

schera. Shearer, n. a reaper. Shearling, n. a sheep only once shorn. Sheath (Pr. of sheath), the prepuce of

an animal. A.S. sceaft. Shed, v.t. to surpass, to excel. Sheep-cratch, n. a frame of wood on

which sheep are laid. See Cratch. Sheep-gate, n, a right of stray for one

Sheep-shearin(g), n. the time of year when sheep are shorn.

Sheer, adj. absolute, mere, pure. O.N. skirr, purus, clarus, S.G. skcer, lucidus, purus, Dan. sheer, sheer, pure.

Sheeve, n. a pulley.

Shefte, v.i. to move about.

Shell, To play = To call seriously to account, to chastise.

Shepster, n. a starling.

Sherk, v.t. to cheat.

Shewl, v.i. to walk badly. See Shaewl, Shool.

Shift, v.i. to remove one's dwelling.

Shilf, Pr. of shelf.

Shill, v.t. to shell, to strip off the shell.

Shilla, n. the loose stones on the sea- beach, the stony sea-beach. M. shillee, an assemblage of loose stones.

Shilled, p.p. shelled.

Shilvin's (Corr. of shelvings), n. pi. a wooden frame to fix on the top of a cart in order to extend its size, and enable larger loads of corn, hay, straw, thorns, etc. to be carried.

Shiner, n. (1) a clever fellow. (2) A court-card. " He's a shiner, but he's nayder a king nor a queen ; " said of a person who, it is meant to be insinu- ated, is a knave. [ball.

Shinner, n. a kick on the shins, at foot-

Shippon, n. a cow-house.

Shircock, n. the missel-thrush,

Shirl, v.i. to slide.

Shirl, adj. shrill.

Shirlin's, n. the fleeces of lambs.

Shive, n. a slice, a round or cut off a loaf. " I'll net give t' leyaf an' beg t' shive" =1 will not give the loaf and beg the slice. Pro v. expression im- plying a determination not to give away one's substance, and accept such a pittance for income as the donee might think fit.

Shives, Corr. of chives.

Shoo, \vron' she'

Shoe a person, To. To know how to

please him. Shoe-horn, n. a puffer at an auction. Shoes straight, To tread one's. To

be circumspect. Shoe-whang, n. a leather thong with

which shoes are tied. A.S. sceo\wang,

a shoe-thong or tie, S.G. skotw&nge. Shog, v.i. to move easily, to jog. Shooder, Pr. of shoulder. Shool, Pr. of shovel. Shool, v.i. (1) to drag the feet. (2) To

sponge, to intrude oneself uninvited. Shooler, n. a sponging, lazy fellow. Shoolin's, n. road scrapings. Shoon, n. pi. shoes. A.S. sceon. Shoot, v.t. to select out the worst cattle

from a drove. " I'll gie ya fifteen

shillin a-piece for thore hundred

cows, an ya'll let ma shoot ten on

'em." Shore, v.t. to prop up. *

Shorl, v.t. to cut with shears. Short, adj. (1) light and crisp. (2)

Peevish, cross. Shortly, adv. quickly, peevishly. Short of puff, short or scant of breath. Short-waisted, adj. angry, tetchy. Shot, n. a reckoning at an inn. 0. Fris.

shot, Du. schot, shot or score to pay,

as for a repast. Shot at, I waint stand ta be. I will

not stand my bid merely to let the

seller try to get a better offer. Shot-ice, n. (1) rotten ice. (2) The

sheets of ice which form on roads. Shots, n. the refuse of cattle from a

drove. See Shoot. Shoup, n. the fruit of the dogrose.

[This word takes several forms, as

choup or choop, jump, jug, and is due

to the same origin as Sw. hjupon, N.

hjupa or kjupa. The A.S. form is

Mop, E, hip or hep. Ed.] Shruff, n. light rubbish, wood or peat

for fuel. Shuffly-booard, ) n. a battledore and Shuffly-cock, ) shuttlecock. Shuppen (Pr. of shippen), n. a cow- house. A.S. scypen, a stall, a shed. Shut of, To get. To get rid of. Sw.

shjuta, trudere. Shut, v.i. to be extravagant, to make

away money extravagantly. " He

shut his brass in no time." 73

SH

SI

Shuttance, n. riddance.

Shutting-in, n. the evening.

Sib, adj. related, allied. AS. sib, re- lation, alliance, O.Fris. sibbe, related, O.N. sifi, cognatus, S.G. sif.

Sibble, v.t. to sip.

Sic,

Sik,

?'. such.

Sic like, adj. such like.

Sid (Corr. of seed), pret. of To see.

Siddhers, Corr. of scissors.

Side, adj. long, wide, large. "This gown's raydher too side afore "=Too long in front.

Side, v.t. to set things aside, or out of the way, to set in order.

Side, n. district at the foot of a moun- tain in a valley. "0' t' fell side." O.N. fjal-sida, latus montium.

Side-booards, n. moveable boards to heighten the sides of a cart.

Side-lands, n. the outside parts of a ploughed field, adjoining the hedges which run parallel with the lands or ridges.

Sider, n. an orderly person. " She's a girt sider "= One who diligently puts things in order.

Sidesmen, n. assistants to churchwar- dens in managing charities, etc.

Side-wipe, n. an indirect censure.

Sidle, v.i. to go sideways, to walk in an affected way. (2) To saunter idly about as from bashfulness.

Sidle about a place, To. To lurk or skulk about.

Sidle about a person, To. To attend him obsequiously.

Sie, n. a drop.

Sighty, adj. (1) glittering, shining. (2) Quick at seeing how a thing ought to be done.

Sike, n. a water-course in swampy ground. A.S. sich, O.N. sik, canalis.

Sile, v.t. (1) to strain through a sieve. (2) To skim. (3) To rain continu- ously. " It rains and siles." Dan. sile, Sw. sila, colare, Gael, sil, drop, distil.

Sile, n. a fine wire sieve, chiefly for straining milk through directly it has come from the cow, to clear it of hairs, etc.

Silin-dish, n. a milk-strainer.

Sill, n. (1) the stone that runs along the bottom of a window. (2) The stone 74

that runs along the bottom of the

gates of a dock or lock. O.Fris. sil,

sill of a dock, A.S. syl, a sill, a

ground post, S.G. syll, limen, hy-

pothyrum. Sill-horse, n. the shaft-horse. Sillin', adj. of a horse backing against

the shafts of a vehicle. Sills, n. the shafts of a vehicle. Silly, adj. insane. Simlin', n. a kind of fine cake. Cf. Dan.

simle, a roll of bread. Simples, To want nicking for the.

Said of persons who do foolish things. Sin, adv. since. " It's a gud lang time

sin,, = It,s a good long time since. Sind, v.t. to wash down, to rinse. Sine, v.i. to leave off milking a cow. Sine-tree, n. the centerings of an arch. Singlet, n. an unlined under-waistcoat. Sinify, Corr. of signify. Sinner-gown (Corr. of sinew-gown),

adj. having a contraction of the

sinews. Sipe, n. a small trickling stream. N.Fris.

sipe, to drip. Sipe, v.i. to soak through, to drop

slowly. " It rains an' sipes." Sipers, n. those who drink to the last

drop, or immoderately. Sipin, adj. dripping wet. Sir : a title formerly applied to priests

and curates. "Here's t' sir cumman "

= Here's the clergyman coming. O.N.

sira, dominus, titulus sacerdotum et

episcoporum, W. syr, lord, sir. Siss, n. whiteweed or sweet cicely

{Myrrhis odorata). See Switch. Sista, Pr. of seest thou. Sit, v.t. (1) to keep night courtship with

a girl ; as, " James T. is sitting our

Betty." (2) To be able to contend

with; as, "I can't sit him"=He is

more than a match for me. Sit-fast, n. a gathering in the finger. Sitha, Pr. of see thou. "Sitha but "

= Only look. Sitten, adj. of anything stiff or hard,

or inelastic. Sitten-milk, n. milk burnt in the pan,

so as to become nauseous in taste

and smell. Siz, v.i. to hiss or whiz. Sizeable, adj. of a good size. Sizle, v.i. to saunter about, to walk in

a swaying or rocking manner. Sizzup, v.t. to deal a hard blow. Sizzup, n. a hard blow.

SI

SL

Sizzuper, n. (1) a severe blow. (2) Any- thing strikingly large. Hence, "That's a sizzuper" i.e. a tremendous lie.

Skaffat, Corr. of scaffold.

Skaitch, n. a shelf or ledge.

Skar?' | adJ' wild' timid' sh^

Skeear (Pr. of scar or sker), n. a stony gravel bed in the sea where shell- fish are often gathered, which differs from the sands that surround it in being always hard and firm ground, whilst they are shifting and variable. Gael, sgeir, a rock in the sea, M. sger.

Skell, n. a shell.

Skel-boose, n. the wooden division be- tween two cattle stalls.

Skelp, (1) v.t. to beat. (2) v.i. To leap or move quickly, to skip or run with great strides.

Skelp, n. a hard blow. Gael, sgeilp, a blow.

Skelpin', adj. stout, lusty.

Skelper, n. (1) anything very large. (2) A smart stroke. Gael, sgealp, a slap with the palm of the hand.

Sken, v.i. to squint. Gael, sgionnshuil, a squint-eye.

Skew, n. a projection.

Skew, v.t. to cast on one side.

Skew-about, v.t. to look slily, to peep, to pry closely.

Skewin', adj. looking aslant.

Skid, v.i. to affix a hook to the wheel of a coach or waggon to prevent it descending too rapidly down a hill.

Skid-pan, n. the shoe with which the wheel of a carriage is locked.

Skift, n. a removal. O.N. skipta, mu- tatio, permutatio.

Skift, n. a woman's under garment, shift, chemise.

Skift, v.t. to shift, to remove.

Skill on, v.i. to esteem. " I could'nt skill on him " = I could not relish or approve of him. O.N. skilja, intelli- gere, nosse, scire, S.G. skilja, distin- guere, intelligere.

Skillet, n. a small pot of iron or copper or brass, with a long handle. Gael. sgeileid, a skillet, a small boiler.

Skilvings, n. a wooden frame to fix on the top of a cart in order to widen and extend its size, principally when carrying hay, grain, straw, or thorns.

Skim, v.t. to make anything to fly swiftly but smoothly.

Skinner, n. a dealer in skins.

Skinny, adj. miserly.

Skip, n. a basket made of rushes or straw. Gael, sgeap, a beehive, a basket.

Skip-jack, n. (1) a dandy, puppyish fellow. (2) A servant man.

Skir, v.t. to slide on the ice. Gael. sgiorr, slide, M. skir, slip, slide.

Skir, n. a slide.

Skirl, v.i. to scream, to shriek.

Skit, v.t. to despise, to scorn. "She skit at him " = She contemned him.

Skit, n. a sarcasm, a severe reflection.

Skite, v.t. merdis aspergere. S.G. skita, stercus excernere, A.S. scitan.

Skitter-brained, adj. giddy and thought- less.

Skitters, n. the diarrhoea in animals. A.S. scitta, a flux.

Skorkle, v.t. to scorch.

Skot, n. a prop.

Skraum, v.i. to grope about with ex- tended arms. See Scraamb.

Skreak, v.i. to creak.

Skrike, v.i. to screech, to shriek. S.G. skrika, Dan. skrige, to shriek, scream, screech.

Skrike, n. a shriek or scream. W.ysgrech, Dan. skrig.

Skuft, n. nape of the neck.

Skyander, v.i. to fly about in a flighty manner.

Slaake, n. a sort of sea-weed,

Slaake, v.i. to walk slowly, to saunter.

Slake, v.t. to smear, to bedaub. M. slaaik, mortar, a composition to daub on, O. N. sleikja, lambere, N,Fris. slacke.

Slabber, v.t. to soil or dirty. Du. slabbben, to slabber.

Slabby, adj. sloppy, dirty.

Slache, v.i. to loiter.

Slack, n. a hollow or depressed piece of ground.

Slack, adj. (1) dull, low, depressed ; applied to trade. (2) Loose; as, "My tuth is sooa slack I'se fear'd it'll tum- mel out."

Slack-deed. A phrase signifying dul- ness or inactivity in business or action generally ; as, "Slack-deed in the iron-trade "= Depression in the iron-trade ; "Slack-deed among the fishermen "= Very little employment for them.

Slacken, v.i. to fall in price. "Corn begins to slacken^

75

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SL

Slack-water, n. a deficiency of water, through which the machinery of mills erected on streams is deprived of sufficient motive power.

Slade, n. flat, moist ground in a valley.

Slafter, Pr. of slaughter.

Slag, n. refuse of iron, lead, or other ores, the cinder of a bad or spurious sort of coal.

Slagger, v.i. to walk in a slovenly way.

Slaggerin', adj. heedless, careless.

Slair, v.i. to walk slovenly.

Slaited, adj. of a woman when her petticoat hangs below her gown.

Slake, n. literally, a lick, thence a mere touch or slight rub, instead of a good cleansing or wiping : furniture half cleaned is said to have had the slut's slake.

Slam, n. a kind of muscle.

Slammock, v.i. to walk with an awk- ward, undulating, gait.

Slane, n. smut in corn. [lence.

Slap, v.i. to walk with speed and vio-

Slape, adj. (1) slippery, smooth. Hence, metaphorically, (2) Specious, crafty. O.N. sleipr, lubricus.

Slape-faiyas, n. a mealy-mouthed hy- pocrite, a sanctimonious dissembler.

Slapeness, n. slipperiness.

Slape-shod, adj. of a horse when his shoes are worn down smooth.

Slap-up, v.t. to swallow greedily. " He slaps up his poddish in neya time."

Slashy, adj. splashy, wet and dirty. " It's nobbet slashy wedder." Comp. Sw. slash vader, wet, dirty weather, slaskig, dirty, rainy.

Slat, v.t. to slop or dash water about.

Slat, n. a spot of dirt, a slop.

Slate off, To have a. Metaph. for not being quite compos mentis.

Slatt, adj. splashed.

Slatter, Corr. of slaughter.

Slatter, v.t. to spill, to besprinkle, to slop, to waste.

Slattery, adj. wet, dirty.

Slaver, n. (1) viscid saliva. (2) Flattery.

Slaver, v.i. to emit viscid saliva and let it hang from the mouth.

Slavering- cleyath, n. a child's bib.

gW | Pr. of sloe.

Sleek, v.t. (1) to quench, to assuage ;

of thirst. (2) To extinguish. M.

sleick, to slake or quench, O.N. slokva,

extinguere, Sw. slacka. Sleek, n. small pit-coal.

v.i. to walk awkwardly.

O.N. sledi, traha,

Sleek-trough, n. a trough of water, into which blacksmiths dip hot iron to cool it.

Sled,

Sledder,

Sled, n. a Sw. slade

Sleds, n. old shoes.

U£ | adj. smooth.

Sleeve, v.t. to kiss.

Slem, v.i. to approach slily.

Slench, v.i. to hunt privately, as dogs do ; to steal food, as cats and dogs do.

Slewed, adj. intoxicated.

Slidder, v.i. to slide, to slip.

Sliddery, adj. slippery. Sw. sliddrig, loose, smooth.

Sling, (1) v.i. to move with long though not quick steps. " My horse slings away at a girt rate "= Gets over the ground with apparent ease. (2) To sneak, to lounge. (3) v.t. To cast or throw.

Slingin', adj. sneaking, lounging. A.S. slincan, to slink, crawl, creep.

Slink, n. a calf produced before its time.

Slink-butcher, n. one who kills poor or diseased cattle.

Slip, n. a pillow-case.

Slip, v.t. to drop (calf or a foal) prema- turely. "T' cow hez slipped her coaf."

Slip-down, n. milk just begun to curdle.

Slipe, v.t. (1) to take away the outside covering from anything. (2) To split, to slice. Sw. slipa, to cut, Dan. slibe, to cut off. (3) To seize or take away anything suddenly.

Slippy, adj. (1) slippery. (2) Very quick. "Luk slippy v = Be very quick.

Slip-treyace, n. a person given to shirk- ing work. (The notion is taken from a horse, who ought to be drawing, slipping his traces so as to avoid it.)

Slir, )

Slor, > v.i. to slide.

Slur,)

Slobber, v.t. to eat spoon-meat in a filthy manner.

Slobbery, adj. wet, sloppy.

Slocken, v.t. to slake, to quench.

Slong, n. an indolent, clownish fellow.

Slonk, v.i. to hang about heavily and lazily, as indolent persons do.

Slope, v.t. to trick, to cheat.

Slops, n. large, wide trousers. Du. slop, wide and loose.

Slosh, n. snow in a melting state.

SL

SN

Slot, n. a hollow tuck in a cap.

Slotch, n. a dirty, greedy eater.

Slough, n. the skin of a gooseberry.

Sloum, v.i. to slumber.

Sludge, )

Slush, > n. wet mud, any wet dirt.

Slutch, )

Slug, n. a lazy fellow.

Shimmer, Pr. of slumber.

Slutchy, adj. slimy, muddy.

Slutty, adj. dirty.

Smacker, n. a kiss vehemently given,

making a great noise. Smack-smooth, adv. in a reckless way. Smarten, v.t. to dress up in one's best.

" Go an' smarten thisel up"=Go and

put on your best clothes. Smarts, n. small rods cut down in

coppice woods. Smasher, n. anything very large. Smatch, n. a taste, or flavour. S.G..

smak, gustus. Smelt, n. the young of the salmon (or

salmon-trout) from the time of taking

the white scales up to the time of its

going down to the sea. §middy, Pr. of smithy. Smiddy-bellies, n. smithy-behows. O.N.

smidiubelgr, follis. Smile, v.i. to mantle, as beer or wine. Smit, v.t. to mark sheep. Smit, n. a black mark of soot or dirt

on the face. A.S. smitta, smut, M.

smittan, Dan. smitte, a spot or stain. Smitching. adj.. infectious. Sw. smitta,

contagion, infection, Dan. smitte. Smithen, v.t. to sprinkle meal on the

backboard before baking. Smittle, adj. infectious. Smittle, v.t. to infect. Smittlin', adj. infecting. Smock, 11. a woman's shift or chemise.

M. smock, a shift, A.S. smoc. Smock-race, n. a race run by women in

their smocks. Smook, 11. to beat severely. Smoor, v.t. to smother. M. smorian, to

suffocate, Du. smooren. Smoorin', adj. smothering, suffocating. Smoot, it. a hole in a hedge through

which hares or rabbits run. Smooth, v.t. to iron linen. Smoothing-iron, n. a box-iron. Smost, adj. smallest. O.N. smast. Smouch, v.t. to kiss. Smoucher, n. a kiss. Smudge, v.t. to smear, to soil. Sw,

smutsa, to dirty, to sully.

LofC.

Smudgy, adj. smoky and filled with particles of soot or smudge.

Smush, adj. fine, gay, smart.

Smush, n. anything reduced to powder.

Snag, n. a tooth standing alone.

Snag, v.t. to trim, to cut off the twigs and small branches from a tree or pole, etc. ; to lop off, to cut short. To snag out, is to trim the rods, etc. after the underwood is cut.

Snap, n* a small round cake of ginger- bread made very crisp.

Snape, n. a check.

Snape, v.t. to snub, to check forward- ness.

Snarl, v.t. to entangle.

Snatch-apple, n. a game similar to "Bob-cherry," but played with an apple.

Snaze, v.t. to clip or cut a hedge,

Sneck, n. (1) that part of the iron fastening of a door which raises the latch. (2) A piece or tongue of land jutting into an adjoining field, or intersecting it.

Sneck, v.t. to latch.

Snerp, ) v.t. and v.i. to dry up with

Snirp, ) heat, to shrivel up.

Snerple, v.t, to shrivel up by the effects of heat.

Snert, ) v.i. to try to suppress a laugh,

Snirt, ) but ineffectually.

Snert, n. an ineffectual attempt to sup- press a laugh.

Sneul, n. a snail.

Snick- snarled, adj. entangled.

Sniflle, v.i. to snuff up, as people do when the nose is full from cold.

Snifter, v.i. (1) to whimper, to cry. (2) To sniffle, to snuff up the breath through the nose.

Snig, n. an eel.

Snig, v.t. to drag heavy substances, as timber, along the ground by means of a carriage-frame with large wheels.

Snig-prod, n. an eel-spear.

Snite, v.t. to blow the nose. A.S. snytan, O.N. snita, emungere, Sw. snyta, Dan. snyde, to blow the nose.

Snob, ii. a journeyman shoemaker.

Snod, adj. smooth, sleek ; an abbrevi- ation of the Latin sine nodo, Mr. Carr, Crav. Gloss. [The word really depends on O.N. snodinn, smooth, N. snoydd, made smooth or bare, S.G. snod, bare. Ed.]

Snodden, v.t. to make smooth.

Snoozlin, adj. nestling.

77

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SP

Snot -clout, n. a pocket-handkerchief. Snotter, v.i. to cry, to snivel. Snottergob, n. (1) mucus nasi. (2) The

red part of a turkey's head. (3) A

dirty mouth. (4) A contemptible

person. Snout-band, n. the iron on the toes of

clog soles. Snue, v.i. to turn up the nose, or sneer

at any one. O.N. sniia, vertere, flec-

tere, contorquere, Dan. snue, to sniff,

snuff, snort. Snumin', adj. low, mean, sneaking. Snule, v.i. to speak through the nose. Snuzzle, v.i. to cuddle. Sock, v.t. to beat, to thrash. Sodher, v.t. to solder. W. sawdriaw. Soft, adj. moist, mild ; said of weather. Soggy, adj. wet, moist, swampy. Soil, v. t. to feed cattle with green food

in the house. Solid, adj. grave, serious. Some-like, adj. some, a few; as, "Some- like seemed ready to tek what tha

offered, but not many. O.Fris. sumi-

like, some, a few, Sw. somlige, some. Sonsie, adj. pleasant, agreeable, plump,

fat. Soop, Pr. of sup. Soople (Pr. of swipple), n. the heavy

end of a flail, the part which strikes

the corn. Soot, n. the rot in sheep. [away.

Sooty, adv. of animals that are wasting Sooth, n. truth. A.S. sod. Soppy, adj. lying in small heaps or

masses upon the field, as mown grass,

not properly spread, does. W. sopen,

a bundle of hay, etc. Sops, n. tufts of green grass in the hay,

not properly dried. Sops, n. lumps of black-lead. Sore, adj. grieved. Soss, (1) v.i. to lap as a dog. "Soss!

Soss ! " an expression used to tempt

dogs to take their liquid food. (2)

v.t. to throw heavily. Soss, adj. direct, plump. " He com

dawn wi' a girt soss." Sotter, v.i. to make a noise in boiling,

as water does. Sough, n. an underground drain, a wet

ditch. "W. soch, a sink, drain. Sough, ) n. a hollow murmur in the Suff, ) air. Souk, Pr. of suck. The word used to

call a calf to its feeding bucket. Souky, n. a pet name for a calf. 78

Souple, Pr. of supple.

Souplejack, n. a cane.

Soupy (Pr. of soppy), adj. wet and swampy.

Sour, adj. coarse and innutritious ; said

• of grass grown on cold, wet land.

Sour-dock, n. wild sorrel.

Sour dough or doff, n. leaven.

Sourin'. See Saurin.

Sow, n. a blow, a knock.

Sowl, v.t. to take a person by the ears and put him in the water.

Spaek, pret. of To speak.

Spainin', n. weaning of lambs, etc.

Spaits, n. torrents of rain at intervals.

Spalch, v.i. to split. A carpenter, in working a board with a plane, if a bit splits away or breaks off, will say that it spalches off. Gael, spealt, cleave, split, Du. spalkaen, to splint, S.G. spjala, to cleave, Sw. spjalka, to split, Dan. spalte, to split.

Spane, ) v.i. to germinate, as corn when

Spean, ) it begins to detach itself from the parent grain.

Spang, (1) v.i. to walk fast. " Come let us spang: away." (2) v.t. To throw with violence.

Spang, n. a spring, a jump.

Spanged, adj. variegated.

Spang- whew, adv. with violence. "He come spang-whew."

Spang- whew, v.t. to kill a toad, by placing it on one end of a lever, and then driving it rapidly into the air by a sharp stroke on the other end. W. ysponc, a jerk, a spirt.

Span-new, adj. quite new. O.N. spdn- nyr ; spdnn, a chip or shaving.

Spar, n. the coat or covering of ore or metal.

Spar, Pr. of spare. O.N. spar, parcus.

Spar, v.t. to spare, save, do without.

Sparling, n. a small sea-fish.

Sparklin'-heeat, n. said of iron when it emits bright white sparks.

Sparabills, n. small nails without heads, used by country shoemakers to put in the soles of shoes.

Spats, n, short walking gaiters.

Spattle, n. a small iron or wood instru- ment to clean spades or the share of a plough with.

Splaw, adj. splay.

Speal, n. a chip, or small slit stick, a small splinter of wood. S.G. spjale, lamina lignea, spjall, segmentum. lamina.

SP

ST

Spean, v.t. to wean.

Speaned, adj. gelded, barren.

Speel-beyan,w.the small bone of the leg.

Speed, n. luck, fortune.

Spelks, n. slender-pointed sticks, bent and with both ends thrust into the thatch to keep it down. A.S. spelc, a little rod by which anything is kept straight, Gael, spealg, a splinter, a fragment, M. spelt, a wattle or hurdle.

Speer, v.t. to ask for, to inquire. Sw. sporja.

Spelder, v.t, to spell.

Spell, n. a species of trap used at "Spell and Knor."

Spell-and-Knor, n. a boy's game, some- thing similar to trap-ball. It is played with a pumhead, a knor, and a spell. By striking the end of the spell with the pumhead, the knor rises into the air, and the art of the game is to strike it with the pumhead before it falls to the ground. Those who make the greatest score, in point of dis- tance, in the fewest innings, win the game. The game is elsewhere called Nurr-spell. Sw. spel, game, play. Du. spel, play, sport, or gaming.

Spent,

exhausted.

Spern, n. a projecting point of steel upon a horse's shoe.

Spetch, n. a patch.

Spice, n. sweetmeats of any kind.

Spick-and-span-new, adj. quite new.

Spiddock, n. a spigot.

Spider-shanks, n. a person with thin legs and no calves.

Spile, n. (1) a pile for foundations. (2) A splinter.

Spile, v.t. (1) to drive piles. (2) To make a foundation in soft earth by driving in a pile or piles.

Spill, n. a pipe-lighter.

Spine, n. a thorn.

Spink, n. a chaffinch. W. yspincyn, a chaffinch.

Spinked, adj. spotted.

Spinnel, Pr. of spindle.

Spinnle, v.i. to grow up quickly and weakly, as plants do in wet, warm weather, or when growing too thickly together.

Spire, n. a young tree left for standing in coppice woods.

Spire, v.i. to shoot up luxuriantly.

Spit. To spit in confirmation of a bar- gain, as is frequently done by butchers and farmers in selling cattle.

Spit, n. the depth a spade goes in dig- ging ; about a foot. Spit-deep, adj. to the depth reached by

a spade in the action of digging. Spittle, n. a flat board or spatula, with

a sharp edge or handle to turn out

cakes with. See Spattle. Splaader, v.t. to spread or sprawl out

the hands and feet. Splash, v.t. to cut and trim hedges. Splint, n. a splinter of wood such as often

runs into the fingers of carpenters

when planing wood. Splirt, v.t. to spurt out. Spoke-shayav, n. a narrow plane used

for smoothing the inside of the spokes

of a wheel. Sponsible, adj. respectable, well to do. Spool, n. a small wheel for winding

yarn upon. Spoon-meeat, n. broth, liquid, food,

soup, etc. Spoor, v.t. to track a hare by her foot- steps. A.S. spurian, to trace. Spor (Pr. of spur), n. (1) a prop. (2)

A thick branch of a tree. (3) A small

ditto. Spor, v.t. to prop up. Spout, n. See Whirly-spout. Sprags, n. nails, sprigs. Spreckled, adj. speckled. Sprent, n. a spot or stain. Sprig, n. (1) a thin, long nail. (2) A

small, slender person. Sprig-bit, an awl of the size requisite

to make holes to receive the nails

called sprigs. Spring, v.i. to give tokens of calving. Spring, n. a young wood. Sprint, n. a gin or snare for catching

birds. Sprod, n. a young salmon at its state

of growth between being a smelt and

a mort. Sprout potatoes, To. To break the

young sprouts off. Spying-glass, n. a telescope. Squab, n. a long seat, a rude sofa. Squandered, adj. dispersed. Squary, adj. short and fat, large. Squinsy, Corr. of quinsey. Squirt about, To. To run rapidly

about, to frisk about. Stabs, n. the steps of a ladder. Staddlin', n. sticks, thorns, straw, and

other matters placed as a foundation

for a stack. Staddle, n. a ground-work for a stack 79

ST

ST

of corn, generally consisting of a

layer of stones covered over with

straw to keep out the ground damp.

Staff in a place, To put van's. To

take up his residence. Staff-and-band-hedge> ) n. a hedge Staff-hedge, ] made with

stakes raddled with thorns, or hazel,

generally both. Stag, n. (1) a young horse. (2) A

romping girl. Staggering-bob, n. a cant name for a

very young calf. Staggers, n. the giddiness in sheep

occasioned by hydatids in the brain. Stainch, n. a root' like liquorice. Stainty, n. a stallion, an entire horse. Stayan-check, n. a name for the stone- chat. Standers, n. trees left in coppice woods-

for timber. Stang, v.i. to shoot or throb with pain. Stang, n. (1) a wooden bar or pole. TV.

y stang, a pole or long staff to measure

with, A.S. stenge, a bar of wood, pole,

stang, O.N. stang, pertica, Sw. stang,

pole, staff, bar, Dan. stang, a pole,

Du. stange. (2) The shaft of a cart.

(3) A strong piece of wood on which

the carcases of beasts are suspended. Stapple, Pr. of staple. Stark, adj. stiff, stiff with cold. M.

stark, stiff, inflexible, A.S. stare, hard,

severe, S.G. stark, rigidus, immobilis. Stark, adv. very, exceedingly; as, stark

mad ; stark staring mad = Yery angry,

excessively enraged. Starken, v.t. to tighten. "Starken t'

reyap a lile bit " = Tighten the rope a

little. Starkish, adj. stiffish, and rather un-

tractable. Star-slubber, n. a gelatinous substance

often seen in fields after rain. Starved, adj. excessively cold. Statute -hirings, n. assemblages of farm

servants at Whitsuntide to be hired. Staup, v.i. to move heavily, to take

long steps. Staupins', n. the holes made by the

feet of horses, etc., in miry highways. fo au er, i v ^ ^ stumDie or stagger.

Staw-fed (Pr. of stall-fed), adj. fed to

satiety. Stays, n. the breechings of a horse. Steak, ) v.t. to shut a door or gate. Steck, J "Steck t' duer." 80

Stead, n. a farm-house and offices. A.S.

stede, a place, station. Common in

such words as House-stead, Heyam-

stead, etc. Steal, Pr. of stool. Stean, Pr. of stone. Stecked, adj. stubborn. A stecked horse

is one that refuses to draw. Stecks, To tek t\ To become restive. Stee, n. a ladder. A.S. stige, a path,

Sw. stege, a ladder, Dan. stige. Steel, Pr. of stile. Steep, n. rennet. Steeping-rain, n. a soaking rain. Steer, adj. steep. Steg, n. a gander. Stele, n. a handle. A.S. stela. Step, n. a walking distance. Step-mother, n. a loose piece of the

band of the finger nail when rubbed

backwards* Step-staiy'ns, n. stones placed at inter- vals across a stream. Stew, n. a cloud of dust or vapour.

Isl. stofa, vapour. Steyad, Pr. of stood. Steyak, Pr. of stake. "Steyak an yed-

der " = A fence made of stakes driven

into the ground and wattled with

thorns. Steyak, v.t. to defend a fishery in a

river by means of stakes, so as to

prevent nets being used. Steyatsman (Pr. of statesman), one

who occupies his own estate, a small

landowner. Stick, v.t. to cut a beast's throat, to stab. Stickin' -piece, n. that part of the neck

of the animal where the butcher's

knife has been inserted. Stick-knife, n, a large pocket-knife.

O.N. stickhnifr, pugio. Stickle, v.t. to scrapie. Stickle, adj. sharp-pointed. Stickle, n. a name given to sharp- pointed hills, as Stickle Pike, near

Broughton, in Furness. Sticks, n. furniture. Stidden, p.p. of To stand. Stiddy, ) .,

Stithy, \ n' an anvd' Stiddy (Pr. of steady), adj. sober, at- tentive. Stiff, adj. (1) strong, broad, squat, lusty.

(2) Proud. "He is as stiff as if he

had swallowed a gavelock." Stiffen, v.i. to grow strong, to enlarge,

to swell out.

ST

ST

Stiff-hefted, adj. stingy, mean.

Stiffinger, n. a squat broadset man.

Stiller, n. a severe blow.

Stiles, n. the framework of panelled woodwork.

Stilts, n. the handles of a plough.

Stammer, n, an iron rammer used in blasting.

Stinge, n. the sting of a bee or wasp.

Stinkin Roger, n. the plant Geranium Robertianum.

Stint, n. (1) a limit, quantity, or allow- ance of anything, as of labour, vic- tuals, etc. (2) A limited number of cattle gates in common pasture.

Stint, v.t, to allot a pasture or common to a certain number of gates.

Stiper, n. a piece of wood fixed upright in the doorway of a barn, against which the double doors are shut.

Stir on, He has plenty to. He is very rich.

Stirk, n. a year-old beast, a young heifer. A.S. stirc.

Stirrin', n. the ploughing and harrow- ing of land, fallowing, etc.

Stitch, n. (1) a narrow ridge of land. (2) As much land as lies between one furrow and another.

Stiver, n. a small Dutch coin.

Sto (Corr. of stall), v.t. to tire, to satiate, glut, or cloy. " I 'se quite stoet " = I am quite tired out ; or horses which are stopped or set fast by the weight of an overload, or the heaviness of bad roads, or are unable or disinclined to draw further, as in trailing a heavy load up a steep hill, are said to be stoet, or stalled.

Stock, n. a root.

Stock, v.t. to root up.

Stocken, p.p. of To steck.

Stocks, Bed-stocks, n. the framework of a bed, a bedstead. S.G. stock, the framework or forepart of a bed- stead.

Stokey, adj. close or sultry.

Stonched, Pr. of stanched.

Stooden,^. of To stand. See Stidden.

Stoop, n. a post, a gate-post of stone or wood. O.N. stolpi, columna, Sw. stolpe, a post, Dan. stolpe, a post

Stooth, v.t. to apply lath and plaster.

Stoppen, p.p. of To stop.

Stopple, n. the stopper of a bottle or pipe.

Storbt, Corr. of disturbed.

Store-pigs, n. pigs kept as part of the G

stock of a farm, and intended for slaughter at the usual time when they will have reached their full growth and age.

Storken, v.i. to congeal, to coagulate, to become stiff or rigid, as the fat of meat does when, after being cooked, it is allowed to cool. O.N. storhna, congelare, rigescere, Dan. storkne, to coagulate, to curdle, to congeal.

Storm, Feeding- storm', n. daily acces- sions of snow.

Storm-cock, n. a name for the missel- thrush.

Stot, n. a young ox.

Stoter, v.i. to stumble.

Stouk, v.t. to set up sheaves in stouk,

Stouk, v.t. a shock of corn of ten sheaves. "W. ystwc, a shock of corn, M. sthook, a pile or shock of sheaves. More properly stook.

Stoup, n. a pitcher. O.N. staup, pocu- lum, vas, Sw. stop, a liquid measure containing about three pints, A.S. stoppa, a pot, vessel, cup.

Stour, v.i. to rise up in clouds, as dust. Gael, stur, dust.

Stour, v.i. to stir, or be moved with force.

Stour, n. dust.

Stower, n. a hedge-stake.

Stown, Pr. of stolen.

Strackle-brained, adj. wild, unsteady, unsettled.

Stracklin', n. a loose, roving fellow.

Straddle, adj. walking wide, or wad- dling in gait, also riding wide without stirrups.

Strafen, v.i. to rove about.

Straggelt, ) worthieSs fellow.

Scragglet, j

Strain, v.t. to copulate ; said of a dog. [A.S. strynan, streonan, strienan, to beget, breed ; strynde suna and dohtra, begat sons and daughters (quoted in Bosworth) :

" Sir, as I have a soul she (Anne Boleyn) is an angel : Our king has all the Indies in his arms, And more and richer, when he strains that lady." —Henry VIII. iv. 1. Ed.]

Strait, adj. narrow, too tight.

Strake, v.t. to make smooth or level at the top (applied to a measure full of corn) with a straight-edged piece of wood called a straker.

Straker, n. a straight-edged piece of wood for taking off the superfluous quantity in a measure of corn or grain.

81

ST

sw

Strand, n. the sea-shore. O.N. stro'nd, littus, ora, Dan. strand, sea-shore, sea-side.

Strang, Pr. of strong.

Strap, n. credit. " He gat on strap.'"

Stray, n. the right of pasturing cattle on a common.

Streah, Pr. of straw.

Streak, v.t. to stretch oneself.

Streamers, n. the northern lights.

Streck, adj. straight. A.S. strwc.

Strent, n. a straggling lock of hair.

Strentin', adj. disordered, dishevelled.

Stretch, v.i. to walk in a dignified manner.

Stretcher, n. a stick to keep out the traces from the horses legs.

Strickle, n. an instrument made of wood, and covered with a mixture of grease and sand, for sharpening scythes.

Strike, v.t. flies are said to strike, and meat to be struck, when the latter is fly-blown.

Strike, v.t. (1) to make a straight line by means of a chalked piece of string. (2) To balance (of accounts).

Striker, n. (1) a flat piece of wood for stroking off the top of a measure of grain. See Straker. (2) A heavy piece of wood, with which the fleam is driven into the vein when a horse or calf is bled.

Strinkle, v.t. to strew or scatter, to sprinkle.

Strinkling, n. a sprinkling.

Strip, v.t. to strip a cow is to milk her very clean, so as to leave no milk in the dug.

Strippin's, n. the last milk drawn from a cow in milking.

Stroo, v.t. to strain a liquid through a cloth, or to press it through a narrow passage, as through the teeth.

Stroo, n. a strong compressed stream, such as issues from a dock, or canal- lock gates. " It cum wi' a girt stroo." M. stroo, the current of a stream.

Strum, n. a strumpet.

Strunty, adj. short.

Strut, v.t. to brace or support (in car- pentry).

Stubby, adj. short, thick.

Stucker, n. the state when the air of a house is filled with steam and smoke.

Stud, n. the upright spar to which the laths are nailed in a lath and plaster partition. 82

Stuffinger, n. one who overeats himself, a guttler.

Stuffy, adj. fat, pursy, not in wind.

Stullion, n. the stocks or roots of a coppice wood, after being cut down and left to shoot again.

Stunch, n. one that is short and stout.

Stunch, adj. short and stout.

Stupid, adj. obstinate.

Sturdy, n. a disease peculiar to sheep, causing them to stagger, [arising from the presence of animalculse (hydatids) in the brain. Gael, stuird, stuirdean, vertigo, a disease in sheep, drunkenness, It. stordire, to make dizzy or giddy in the head. Wedg- wood. Ed.]

Sturdy, adj. sulky and obstinate.

Stut, v.i. to stutter or stammer in speech.

Suck, n. a plough-share. Fr. soc, the coulter or share of a plough, Gael. soc, a plough-share, M. soc or sock.

Sud, Corr. of should.

Suff, Pr. of sough.

Sugar-loaf, n. a high-crowned hat.

Summer, v.t. to take cattle to agist during the summer months.

Summer-barmed, adj. of the sponta- neous fermentation of malt liquor from the heat of summer.

Summer-tree, n. a large beam reach- ing across a building.

Sumpy, adj. swampy.

Sup, v.t. to drink by small quantities at a time. A.S. supan, to sip, to suck up, O.N. supa, sorbere, Sw. supa, to drink.

Sup, n. (1) a small quantity of any liquid. (2) A draught. Sw. sup, a draught.

Suppin's, n. food of a liquid nature.

Sup up, v.t. to drink off a glass of liquor.

Surfeit, n. a severe cold.

Suss ! Suss ! A call to swine to their meat.

Swad, n. the pod of peas or beans.

Swaddy, adj. full of husks or pods.

Swag, v.i. (1) to hang loose and heavy. (2) To swing about. " I like a sheep wi' a good sivaggin1 belly."

Swaimous, adj. bashful, shy.

Swaip, v.i. to walk proudly.

Swale, v.t. to singe or burn.

Swallow, n. a hollow in the ground into which water runs and does not appear again.

sw

TA

Swamp, adj. small in the body, lean:

Swanking, adj. big, large.

Swarmle, v.t. to climb a tree which has no branches, by grasping the butt with the arms, knees and legs, and working oneself upwards.

Swarth, n. (1) sward, grass. (2) Any outward covering, as the rind of bacon.

Swashy, adj. soft, watery ; as vege- tables sometimes are.

Swat, n. the dung of a cow, which lies flat, like a cake, in pastures.

Swat (Pr. of squat), v.i. to sit down.

Swat, v.t. to spill a liquid. Dan. sqvatte, to splash, to spurt.

Swatch, v.t. to cut off.

Swatch, n. a piece cut off.

Swatter, v.i. to dabble in the water, as ducks do.

Swattle, v.t. to spend, to consume gradually.

Sweal, v.i. to gutter as a candle when the flame is exposed to a draught.

Sweared, pret. of To swear.

Sweetener, n. a puffer at a sale.

Sweeties, n. sweetmeats. [kind.

Sweetmart, n. an animal of the marten

Sweigh, v.i. (1) to lean upon, to lean on one side. (2) To incline.

Sweigh, n. a swing.

Swerd, Pr. of sword.

Swewel, v.t. to scorch, to singe.

Swidden, v.t. to singe.

Swidge, v.i. to ache, to feel a throb- bing pain.

Swift, n. a newt. will, n. a wisket.

Swill, v.t. to wash hastily, to rinse. A.S. swilian, to wash.

Swillin's, n. hogs'-wash.

Swillin'-tub, n. a tub in which swillings or the washings of vessels are pre- served.

Swilter, v.i. to waste away slowly.

Swim, v.i. to turn giddy. O.N. svima, vertigine turbari, Dan. svimle, to be dizzy or giddy.

Swimmy, adj. giddy in the head.

Swine-cote, \

Swine-lmll, > n. a pig-sty.

Swine-sty, )

Swine-saim, n. hogs' lard.

Swine-thistle, | n. the plant sow-

Swine-weed,

thistle .

Swinge, v.t. to beat, to chastise. A.S. swingafb, to whip, scourge, beat.

Swinge, v.t. to singe.

Swing'l-trees, n. bars attached to a

plough, which prevent the drawing

chains from pressing against the

horses' sides. Swint, adj. awry.

Swirl or ) n. a place amongst moun- Swirrel, ] tains where the wind or

snow eddies ; as, " Swirrel Band,"

"Swirrel House," in Coniston fells.

S.G. swirra, circumagitare. Swirt, Pr. of squirt. Switch, (1) v.i. to walk nimbly. (2)

v.t. To strike quickly, as with a

switch. Switch, n. whiteweed. See Siss. Switches, n. sweets. Swizzem v.t. to singe. Swizzle, v.t. to drink or swill. Syme, n. a frame of straw to set pans on.

T', art. the. In Lonsdale as in Craven, and in the North generally, this article suffers elision, even when the next word begins with a consonant ; as, "f woman," "f kye," for "the woman," "the cows."

Ta, the one. An abbr. of t' ya = the one. " Ta thee kittles "= The one thigh itches. A native of Bulk once puzzled a party of Londoners, and won a bet by the use of the above expression, of which they could not understand a word.

Ta, Corr. of thou.

Taas, n. wood split thin to make baskets with.

Tab, n. (1) the latchet of a shoe. (2) The tag or end of a lace, the ex- treme end of anything.

Tab-end, n. the extreme end.

Tach, v.t. to fasten, to attach.

Taching-end, n. waxed thread, with a bristle, used by shoemakers.

Tack, n. (1) a lease. (2) A peculiar flavour.

Taen, Contr. of taken.

Tag, n. the end of a fox's tail.

Taganandra, v.t. This verb denotes a mode of securing or confining an animal to a place of confine- ment, as by a stake or tether, etc.

I,U|s:ndhtahita|ta^aildra =

j, ii ( put thee in

| send thee to | ^ place of con- 83

TA

TE

finement or security. Cf. Sw. taka-

hander, a depository, att setta i taka-

hander, to consign, to deposit a thing

with one. Taggelt, n. an idle, dirty, discreditable

person. Tail-band, n. a crupper. Tail-ends, n. inferior samples of corn,

such as being hardly marketable, are

usually consumed at home. Taillier, n. a tailor. G. tdillear, M.

thalhear, Fr. tailleur, a tailor. Taillier's mense, n. a small portion left

by way of good manners. Taiyad, Pr. of toad. Taiyad-pipes, a name for a species of

equisetum. Taiyad-spit, n. the froth formed by the

Cuckoo-spit insect. Taiyas, Pr. of toes. Tak, Pr. of take.

Tak', (1) v.t. to understand, compre- hend. (2) v.i. To strike root, grow,

thrive ; of young trees. Tak' sham, To. To be ashamed. Tak' up, To. (1) v.t. to borrow (money)

(2) v.i. To clear up, become fine after

wet or storm. Tak' up for any one, To. To espouse

his cause, take sides with him, sup- port and defend him. Takkin', n. a state of ill temper, a tiff.

" He woz i' sic a takkin about it." Takkin', adj. infectious. Tale-piet, n. a tell-tale. Tall-boys, n. high drinking-glasses. Tally, n. a company or division of

voters at an election. Tammy, n. a hair sieve. Fr. tamis,

a tammy, or strainer, made of hair. Ta'n, -p.p. taken. Tang, v.t. to sting. Tang, n. the sting of a bee. (2) A pike,

the prong of a fork. [facus.

Tang'l, n. sea-weed. O.N. y>aungully Tanglin', adj. slovenly. Tangs, Pr. of tongs. Tank, n. a piece of deep water, natural

or artificial. Tantle, v.i. to attend officiously, to

dawdle. " She tantles after him ; "

often said of the attentions of an

anxious mother. Tantrel, n. an idle, spoilt girl. Tap-lash, n. the smallest of small-beer. Tarn, n. a small sheet of water. O.N.

tjorn, lacus, stagnum, Sw. tjdm, a

pool, standing water. 84

Tarradiddles, n. small untruths, fibs. Tashed, adj. tired. Tashled, adj. bespattered with wet. Task-work, n. work taken by the

piece. Tat : A child's term for dad, father. Tatter-rags, n. a badly-dressed person. Tatterwallops, n. (1) ragged clothes

fluttering in the wind. (2) A woman

with ragged clothes. Comp. Tatter- rags. Tauze, v.t. to pull about, to ruffle up. Tave, ^ v.i. to fumble in a meaning- Tea ve, J less manner, to fidget about,

to fidget with the feet. Taving, pcpl. picking the bed-clothes

in febrile delirium. Ta, Contr. of take. " Ta tha time " =

Take your time. Taya : the one. " Frae taya bank tull

t'udder." Tazzle, n. a wicked, drunken person. Tazzy, n. a mischievous child. Te, Corr. of (1) to. (2) Thee. Teagle (Corr. of tackle), n. a crane for

lifting goods. Teanel, n. an osier fish-basket. A.S.

tcenel, a little basket, pannier.

Tease, v.t. to pull about wool so as to make it of even consistency. A.S. tcesan, to tease.

Teaster, Pr. of tester.

Teastrel, n. a crabbed, peevish fellow.

Teathy, adj. peevish, cross.

Tedder (Pr. of tether ), v.t. to bind anything.

Tedder, n. the long part of a fence ; wood put upon the toxD of a fence to bind it together.

Tedder by th' tooth, To. To attract a person by keeping a good table.

Teddious, adj. fretful, difficult to please. "This barn's fearf'l teddious"

Teddisome, adj. tedious, fretful. " T' barn's fearfle teddisome " = The child is very difficult to please.

Tee, Pr. of tie.

Tee, n. a hair rope with which to shackle cows in milking.

Teem, v.t. (1) to pour out. (2) To un- load a cart. [The actual meaning belonging to this word is to make empty. O.N. tcema, to draw fully out, exhaust, Sw. toma, Dan. tomme, O.E. tamyn or tempi, to make empty. Comp. Sc. toom, empty. Ed.]

TE

TH

Teen, n. fire. W. tan, Gael, tein, Irish

tein. Teen, v.t. to kindle. Dan. tcende, to

kindle, S.G. tcenda, accendere. Teeming, adj. overflowing. See Teem. Teet, Pr. of tight. "Teet i t' heft"=

Tight in the haft ; said of any one

who is careful. Teety, adj. cross, fretful, peevish ;

spoken of children. See Teathy. Tek, n. a taking. " Sic a tek o' fish." Tekken (Corr. of taken), adj. captivated. Tell, v.i, to talk. Telled, ) f ^ , „

Telt, ' J W- of To tell.

Temper, v.t. to mix together in due

proportion, to mingle — as spirits and

water. Temple-mould, n. a pattern or mould

used by masons in fashioning their

work. Templet, n. a model. Temse, n. a sieve used in brewing. Temse, v.t. to sift. Tent, n. attention, observation. "Tak

tent " = Give attention. Tent, v.t. to take care of, to tend, to

attend. Tenter, n. a stretcher or trier of cloth,

used by dyers and clothiers. Tenters, n. watchers of cattle or sheep

on the moors. Teptious, adj. snappish, captious. Terble, Corr. of terrible. Terrible, adv. used as an intensitive,

implying very, excessively. Tetchy (Corr. of touchy), adj. quarrel- some, peevish. Teuth, Pr. of tooth. Tew, (1) v.t. to pull or tear about, to

tumble over, to discompose, to tease.

(2) v.i. to work hard, to fatigue, to

exhaust, to knock oneself up by long

and repeated exertion. Tewin, adj. toiling, laborious. Tewit, n. a name for the lapwing or

green plover {Tringa vanellus). Tewsome, adj. unquiet, restless. Text, v.i. to write an engrossing hand

or German text. Th is frequently changed into dd, or

ddh, as f adder or faddher, father ;

mudder or muddher, mother ; whedder

or wheddher, whether. Tha, Pr. of thou, thee.

K;H-tothat<*-

Thack, n. thatch.

Thacker, n. a thatcher.

Thack-prod, n. a peg for securing thatch.

Thae, pron. those.

Thatens \ «^. and ^. of that sort; That lids, J m that manner. Thee, Pr. of thigh.

There-away : adv. thereabout, in that part:

" Bat ! bat ! bear away, Here-away, there-away, Inta my hat,"—

said by boys when a bat is flying

about. Thersels, pron. themselves. Thew, pret. of To thaw. Thlble, ) n. a stick to stir porridge Thibel, J with. Thick, adj. stupid, thick-headed. Thick-heod, n. a blockhead. Thick-poddish, n. water porridge. Thick-winded, adj. bad at breathing,

husky. Thief in a mill, As fast as a. Very

secure. Think on, v.i. to remember, " I'se be

sewer ta think on." Thirl, v.t. to bore, to pierce. A.S.

pirlian. Thisen, pron. this. This-gates, adv. this way. Thivel, n. See Thibel. " He's a queer

stick to maiyak a thivel on."

Thorp' ( Pron' these, those. O.N. \cer. Thorough, prep, through. Thoum-reap (Pr. of thumb-rope), n. a

rope of straw made on the thumb. Thoum-sneck, n. the fastening of a

door which is lifted by pressing the

thumb on the broad end of the short

lever which moves it. Thou's like. See Like. Thought, n. sorrow, sadness, grief. Thraa (Pr. of throw), v.t. to turn with

a lathe. A.S. prawan, to turn. Thraa, n. a lathe.

Thraly, ) adj. slow or reluctant in Threaly, ] setting to work. A.S.

prcel, one in thraldom, O.N. prcell,

servus. Thrang, v.t. to press, thrust, to squeeze,

to incommode. " Don't thrang ma." Thrang, adj. busy, bustling, closely

packed. "As thrang as three in a

bed." AS. prang, pressed, O.N.

praungr, angustus, arctus. See

Throng.

85

TH

TI

Thrang, n. a throng. O.N. praungr,

multitudo hominum. Thrast, pret.oi To threst, j^.throssen. Thrave, n. twenty-four sheaves of wheat or other corn. A.S. preaf, a handful, a thrave, Dan. trave, a score of sheaves of corn. Thraw, v.i. to twist, to writhe. Threap, v.i. to assert positively, to argue with pertinacity, to reiterate, to contend. A.S. preapian, threap, reprove, O.N. threfa, sublitigare. Threap down, v.t. to overpower by

assertion or repetition. Threapin', n. a pertinacious reiteration. Threaten, v.t. to threaten. A.S. preatian. Three-man, n. a cluster of three nuts. Three-square, adj. triangular. Threst (Corr. of thrust) v.t. to thrust. Thribble, Corr. of treble. Thrimmle, v.t. to pull out reluctantly.

" He ihrimmled out sixpence." Thrinter, n. a three-winter sheep ; i.e.

three winters old. Throddy, adj. plump, thriving, sleek. Throng, adj. busy. Thropple, n. the windpipe. Thropple, v.t. to throttle or strangle. Throp wife, To be throng as. To be

very busy. Throssen, p.p. of To threst, thrust,

pressed. Throstle, n. a thrush. A.S. prosle,

W. tresglen. Through with any one, To be. To

complete a bargain with him, Through-steyan, n. a bond stone, or

through stone, passing through a wall. Thrum, n. a small thread. Thrushes, n. a disease in horses. Thrush-lice, n. millipedes. Thrusty. A form of thirsty. Thrutch, n. (1) a thrust. (2) A throng. Thump, v.t. to be silent in company

whilst the thoughts are fully occu- pied. " He thumps it wi' thinkin'." Thunner, Pr. of thunder. Thunner-stan, n. a quartzose pebble,

ignorantly supposed to have been

emitted by thunder. Thwaite, n. stubbed ground, as Tibber-

thwaite, Suherthwaite, Se&thwaite,

~Esthwaite, Finsthwaite, Salterthwaite,

etc. ; a common postfix. Thwaite, n. the shelving part of the

side of a mountain. Tib-cat, n. a female cat.

86

Ticin', adj. enticing. "I can't keep frae gooin to hear him he's sic a ticin* way with him." Ticin', n. allurement.

Tick, n. a game.

Tickle, adj. unsteady, uncertain, in- constant.

Tickler, n. a shrewd, cunning person.

Tick-tack, n. a moment of time; derived doubtless from the ticking of a clock or watch.

Tick-tack-toe, n. a kind of miniature game of draughts played by children on slates.

Tide, n. time, season.

Tide-raiyak, n. the line of sea-weed, chips, sticks, and other matters left by the sea at high-water-mark.

Tidy, v.t. to dress and make oneself neat. " Gaa an' tidy thisell up."

Tidy, n. a small rug to take hold of the handle of a kettle by.

Tie, n. a short, thick hair rope, with a wooden nut at one end, and an eye formed in the other, used for hop- pling the hind legs of a cow while milking.

Tied, p.p. compelled.

Tiffy, adj. fretful, lonely.

Tine, v.i. to entangle.

Tift, v.i. to breathe quickly, as a person does who is out of breath.

Tift, n. (1) a draught of liquor. (2) A short fit of doing anything. (3) Con- dition, as to health of body.

Tifty, adj. ill-natured, petulant.

Tig, v.t. to touch lightly.

Tig, n. (1) a very gentle touch. Bret. tig. (2) A play amongst children, in which every one endeavours to get the last touch.

Tightish, adj. (1) rather firm, not easily prevailed upon. (2) In good health.

Tight i' t' heft : of a careful or greedy person.

Tightly, adv. smartly, quickly, neatly ; of anything well done.

Tike, n. (1) a term of reproach ; as, " A lazy tike." (2) A blunt or vulgar fellow, discreditable person, a wild runagate. Often used sportively. (3) A term applied to an odd little fellow. (4) A very old horse or mare. O.N. tik, \ canis femina, canicula, Sw. tik, a bitch, k

Till, n. manure, compost.

Tilth, n. a cultivated, manured field. A.S. tilth, culture.

Timber, n. strength.

TI

TO

Timersome, adj. timorous. Timmered, Weel. Strongly built. Timmer-teyad, adj. timber-toed, or

having a wooden leg. Tine, v.t. to shut, to enclose, to fasten.

O.N. Una. Tink, v.i. to tinkle, as bells. Tinkler, n. a tinker : —

" If ifs and ans Were pots an' pans, Theyar'd be naya trade for tinklers,"

said by way of rebuke to persons given to building too much on hypo- thetical bases.

Tinny, Corr. of tiny.

Tiny- winy, adj. very small.

Tip, v.t. to overturn. To tip a cart, is to empty it by lifting up the forepart.

Tip, v.t. to adjust the top of a stack. O.N. typpa, to raise to a point.

Tipe, (1) v J. to toss with the hand. (2) v.i. To fall down, swoon.

Tipple, v.t. to tumble, to turn over.

Tippy, adj. smart, fine.

Tippy-bob, adj. showy in dress, smart, dandified : —

" He's tippy-bob With, a watch in each fob."

Tippy-top, adj. the same as tip-top. Tips, n. irons for the front of clogs. Tip-stick, n. the piece of wood that

prevents a cart from tipping up. Tiring, n. the plastering under slates. Tirl, v.t. to turn over, as the leaves of

a book, Tirler, n. a piece of wood put over the

opening of a beehive. Tisshaw, v.i. a cant expression for to

sneeze. W. tisiaw. Tit, adv. soon, readily, willingly. See

As tit. Titter, adj. sooner, earlier. "Titter up

co"= The earliest up call the rest. Tittup, n. a moment, an instant. Titty, adj. tiny. Titty, n. sister. Tlick, (1) v.i. to snap the fingers. (2)

v.t. To snatch. See Click. To, prep, for; as, "Good to nowt" =

Good for nothing ; " Poddish to

breakfast "= Porridge for breakfast. To year. " We've a rare crop to year"

i.e. this year. Compare To-day. To : compared with. " He's nowt to

him "=Not to be compared to him. Toad. See Teyad. Tod, v.t. to tooth sickles. Toddy, adj. very small, tiny.

Toft, n. a field where a house or build- ing once stood. A.S. toft, a croft, a homefield. O.N. toft, area edificii cum parietibus, Dan. toft, an enclosed field near to a farm-house.

Toit, v.i. to fall or tumble over, to upset.

Tolpin, n. a pin belonging to a cart. See Towpin.

Tombeadle, n. a cockchafer.

Tome, n. a hair line for fishing.

Tomorn, adv. to-morrow. A. S. tomorgen.

Tomspayad, n. a large spade with a large handle like the letter X, used to take off the sward and soil in draining.

Tom-taylier, n. a name for the crane- fly or daddy-long-legs.

Tom-tee, n. a name for the tom-tit.

Tone : the one.

Ton part, of the one part.

Tontother : one another.

Tooan, p.p. of To take.

Tout | v'*> to pry in(luisitively-

Toothsome, adj. palatable.

Toozle, v.i. to pull about roughly.

Top, v. t. to snuff a candle.

Top- full, adj. quite full.

Topper, n. one who excels, anything very good or of superior quality.

Toppin', n. a flaw, or sod taken from the surface of a common, or from the peatmoss, and when dried in the sun used for fire-kindling.

Toppin', n. the hair on a person's fore- head, the crest of a bird, the portion of the mane of a horse that comes down on his forehead. W. topyn, a crest, M. tappag, a tuft of feathers or hair on the head. [hen."

Toppin' d, adj. crested \ as, " a toppin! d

Tops-man, n. the foreman or bailiff of a horse- or cattle-dealer.

Top-string, n. the strap which connects the harness with the horse's collar.

Torf, Pr. of turf. O.N. torf cespes, Sw. torf, turf, peat, Dan. torv. "At greyav torf "=To pare turf.

Torfle, v.i. to deline in health, to die.

Torf -moss, n. a peat bog. Dan. torv-

Torf-mull, n. peat dust. Dan. torvsmul.

Tortus, n. a turf- or peat-house.

Tot, a term of endearment to a child.

" Thou's a bonny lile tot." Tote, n. the whole. "T' heyal tote on

'em."

87

TO

TH

Tottle (Pr. of toddle), v.i. to walk un- steadily. Totty, adj. half drunk, tipsy. Toups, n. belongings.

Touze, v.t. to tug or pull about.

Town, n. a village.

Tow-pin, n. a pin belonging to a cart, put through the shafts and with- drawn for unloading. In former times the ends of the shafts of carts passed through two iron rings, which were fastened to the hames, and the tow- pins were passed through the shafts to prevent the shafts being drawn through the rings. The cart there- fore was drawn or towed by the tow- pins, hence the name. [See Tolpin, which is the true form of the word. Towpin being merely a mode of Pr. The element tol is probably nearly cognate with the Thible, or Thivel, of this Gloss., thabble, thavvle of Clevel. and other districts. Pr. Pm. gives "Tholle, carte pynne, or tolpyn. Cavilla ;" and on the coast of the Eastern Counties, thole, thole-pin sig- nify the pegs stuck in holes in the gunwale of a boat for the oars to work against. Comp. O.N. Ipollr, Dan. tol, Sw. tulle, Prov. Sw. tdlle, tolld-pinne, a peg, thole, thole-pin or peg. Ed.]

Towt, Pr. of taught.

Traans. See Trones.

Track, v.t. to trace. "Ta track a yarr i' t' snaa " = To trace a hare in the snow.

Traffick, n. (1) lumber, rubbish. (2) Eabble, low, rascally people.

Trail, (1) v.i. to loiter. (2) v.t. To drag along. Fr. trailler, to draw, from traho. (3) To hunt by the track or scent.

Trail-hunt, v.i. to hunt with dogs on the scent of carrion, etc. dragged by the hand.

Trailtripes, n. a dirty slattern, a dila- tory person.

Tramp, n. (1) a beggar. (2) A journey.

Tramp, {I) v.t. to trample. (2) v.i. To travel on foot.

Tramper, n. an itinerating beggar.

Trapes, n. a slattern.

Trapes, v.i. to wander about, generally in the wet, to ramble in a purpose- less way.

Trapesing, adj. slow, listless, lazily flaunting. 88

Traps, n. (1) small tools, implements. (2) Goods, furniture.

Trapsticks, n. small legs of equal di- mensions throughout.

Trash, n. something wet and dirty ; as, "As wet as trash."

Trash, v.i. to tramp about with fatigue, to be harassed.

Trash, n. a wet walk.

Trashy, adj. wet and dirty.

Trave, v.i. to stride along in long grass which impedes the feet.

Treacle-butter-cake ; a term for oat- cake spread over with treacle.

Treddlin's,

Triddlin's,

n. the dung of sheep.

Trekker, Corr. of trigger.

Trennel, n. a stout wooden pin.

Treyad, pret. of To tread, Pr. of tread.

Trier, n. a corn-screen.

Trig, v.t. to fill, to stuff; particularly the stomach. [chastise.

Trim, v.t. (1) to scold. (2) To beat,

Trimmer, n. (1) a clever, smart fellow. (2) Anything particularly good.

Trimming, adj. large, huge.

Trinkle. A nasalized form of trickle.

Trip, n. (1) race, family. (2) A brood, hatching.

Trippet. "Beet tull a trippet"= Ex- actly right. Another form of trivet.

Trist, n. a cattle market.

Trod, n. a footpath.

?rombobs;|»-thefatestines'triPe-

Trollopish, adj. filthy, dirty, beggarly.

Trones, n. a steelyard. "A pair of trones^ [Med. Lat. trona, statera publica, Isl. trana, a crane, rostrum longiusculum. Jamieson. Ed.]

Tropple. A mode of Pr. of Thropple.

Trot, v.t. to aggravate, to provoke.

Trouan, Corr. of truant.

Trounce, n. a tedious journey.

Trow, v.t. to believe, think, suppose.

Trowan, Corr. of trowel.

Trowl, v.t. to trundle, to roll.

Truck, n. a drag for timber.

Truck, v.i. to traffic by exchange.

Truck-shop, n. a shop at which work- men receive goods instead of money.

Trump, Jew's, a Jew's-harp. Fr. trompe.

Trunk, n. a wooden conduit or sluice used for the mouth of drains into the sea, to prevent the tide running up the drain.

Trunlin's, n. the dung of sheep. See Treddlin's.

TR

UN

Trunnel, n. the wheel of a wheelbarrow. A.S. trendel, a circle, O.Fris. trind, round.

Truntlement, n. trumpery.

Trussel, Corr. of trestle.

Tuck, n. a short pinafore.

Tuk, pret. of To take.

Tul, prep, to, until. A.S. til, O.N. til, Dan. til, to, towards.

Tully, n. a bad woman.

Tully whetsom, n. a little wretch.

Tult, Corr. of tul it for to it.

Turn, v.t. to card wool for the first time on coarse cards.

Tumlin'- shaft, n. a spindle-rod in an oat-meal mill.

Tumma, Pr. of tul me, to me.

Tummelt, Pr. of tumbled.

Tummle, Pr. of tumble.

Tun-dish, ) n. a wooden funnel

Tunnin'-dish, ) used in brewing.

Tunnel, n. (1) a funnel. (2) An arched drain.

Tup, n. a ram. Sw. tupp, a cock.

Turbary, ) n. boggy ground, a peat-

Torbary, ] moss.

Tush, Corr. of tusk.

Tuttle, v.i. to whisper.

Twang, n. (1) accent. " He's a south- country twang wi' him." (2) A sud- den pang. (3) A quick pull.

Twangles, n. a weak sickly child or person.

Twanker, n. a large bulky person.

Twea, Pr. of two. O.N. tveir, duo, A.S. twa.

Twill, Pr. of quilL

Twill, v.t. to weave in a particular manner.

Twilt, Pr. of quilt.

Twine, v.i. to whine or cry, to murmur or be fretful.

Twine, v.i. to languish or pine away.

Twinter, n. a two-winter sheep, i.e. two years old. A.S. twy winter, two winters or years.

Twiny, adj. (1) fretful, uneasy. (2) Full of complaint, given to whine or pule. " She's nobbut a twiny body."

Twish ! interj. an interj. of contempt

Twist, n. a great eater. " He's a rare twist."

Twisty, adj. fretful, fidgety. Du. twistigh, contentious, given to strife, O.N. tvistr, sollicitus, tristis, Dan. tvistig, at variance, disputable, Sw. tvist, debate,* dispute, contention.

Twit, n. anything entangled.

Twitch-girse, n. couch grass. Twitchy, adj. uncertain, acting by fits

and starts. Twitters, To be in the. To be in

a state of great agitation. Twitters, n. shreds, fragments. T witty, adj. ill-tempered, touchy. Two-double, adj. four-fold. Tyke. See Tike. Tyne, v.t. to fasten a door or gate.

See Tine.

U

Ullet, Pr. of owlet. See Hullet.

Um, Corr. of them.

Umber, v.t. to shade, to overshadow. See Oumer.

Unawar, Pr. of unaware.

Unbain, adj. not civil.

Unbeknaan, adj. unknown.

Unbethink, v.i. to recollect.

Unbund, adj. unbound.

Uncanny, adj. unkind.

Undipped, adj. unshorn.

Uncome, p.p. not come.

Uncoths, n. news. A.S. unciith, strange, unknown.

Undacent, adj. indecent, unbecoming.

Under, To be at a girt. To be in a state of thraldom, subdued.

Under, At an. An elliptical expres- sion, implying that a person or thing is undervalued.

Underbree, n. a bright light appearing under clouds.

Underbrig, n. an arch under a road.

Undercut, adj. undermined.

Underdraain', n. a ceiling.

Undergang, v.i. to undergo. A.S. undergangan.

Undergraaens, n. trees growing under others.

Underlin', n. an inferior, an assistant, a servant.

Undermest, adj. the lowest, undermost.

Undermindin', n. the act of under- mining, trying to take away a per- son's character.

Underpinning n, (1) the act of insert- ing a course, or courses, of stones in a wall at the foundation. (2) The course or courses so inserted.

Underset, v.t. to insert a course of masonry in a building just above the foundation.

89

rar

WA

Under my wind, I's gitten. Said when a person has run so fast as to bring a stitch in bis side and it is going off again.

Unevven, Pr. of unven.

Ungain, adj. (1) awkward, clumsy. (2) Bound-about, indirect, inconvenient. See Gain.

Ungear, v.t. to unharness.

Ungone, adj. only not gone, at the point of death. " He's just ungone.''''

Unheckled, adj. disordered in dress.

Unhonest, adj. dishonourable.

Unkembed, adj. uncombed ; said of an undressed cart of hay.

Unkent, adj. unknown, not known.

Unmelled on, p.p. not meddled with.

Unmenseful, adj. indecent, unmannerly.

Unnatterable, adj. ungenial ; said of weather.

Unnatteral, Pr. of unnatural.

Unperfect, adj. imperfect.

Unpossible, adj. impossible.

Unproper, adj. improper.

Unregular, adj. irregular.

Unrid, v.i. to rid.

Unrip, v.t. to rip open.

Unshaekk'n, Corr. of unshaken.

Unsneck, v.t. to unlatch a door.

Unsoft, adj. hard.

Unsuer, adj. insecure, unsafe.

Untellt, adj. untold.

Up : as in " Then I up an' spak."

Upbraid, v.i. to rise on the stomach.

Up -brow, adv. up hill.

Upho'd, ) (Pr. of up-hold), v.i. (1) to

Up-houd, ] warrant, to vouch for. " I'll uphod ta," (2) To support, to maintain. " I'll uphod t' job for a year;" i.e. maintain it in good order.

Upland, n. high land.

Uppish, adj. proud, insolent.

Uptak, n. the finder of a lost article demands of the loser some money for " t' uptak."

Up-waxen, adj. grown to manhood.

Urchin, n. the hedgehog. See Orchin.

Urled, adj. stunted.

Use, n. interest of money.

Use, v.t. to haunt.

Us't at could : used to be able. " I us't at could dance as weel as any- body when I was young."

Vaccary, n. a cow-pasture. Validum, n. value, size. " Net th* 90

validum o' th' black o' my nail" =

Not the size of the black of my nail. Vamp, v.t. to patch up. Vamper, v.i. to vapour, to swagger. Varra, Pr. of very. Varsal, Corr. of universal. Vast, n. a great quantity. Vast, used adverbially ; as Vast lile =

very little. Vent, n. an opening in a garment. Ventersome, Pr. of venturesome, rash,

adventurous. Viewly, ) adj. striking to the eye, Viewsum, ] handsome. Virgin-swarm, n. a swarm of bees from

. a swarm of the same season. VLother, Mother, n. nonsensical talk.

W

Waaken, adj. watchful, not inclined to sleep when one should .

Waaly, adj. oppressed with woe.

Waammle, v.i. to walk feebly and list- lessly, to crawl as a worm.

Waar (Pr. of ware), v.t. to spend or lay out money.

Waater-hen, n. the dabchick.

Waa-worth you, woe betide you, or woe be to you.

Wabble, v.i. to reel, to shake, or tremble.

Weck!n;Htoarouse-

Wacker, adj. wakeful, easy to be a-

wakehed. Wackersom', adj. wakeful. Wad, n. (1) a large quantity. (2)

Black lead. (3) Pr. of Would. Wad, n. a line or rank. Wad, v.t. to set out a line, in land- surveying or engineering, by putting

in a series of stakes or stubs. Wad-eater, n. india-rubber, from its

property of taking out the marks of

a wad or black-lead pencil. Wadeable, adj. fordable. Waes-me ! interj. woe is me ! A.S. woe,

woe, sorrow. Waff, n. (1) the movement of a flame

from side to side. (2) A slight blast

or smell. Waff, v.i, (1) to bark short and sharp.

(2) To emit puffs of steam in the act

of boiling.

Wauflsh, } «#' ^guid,. weak. Waffle, v.i. to fluctuate, to waver.

WA

WA

Waffler, n. a waverer. A.S. wafol. Waft, n. a puff, a blast ; applied to wind. Wag, v.t. to beckon with the hand.

S.G. waagga, motitari, Sw. vagga, to

rock. Wage, n. pay, wages, reward, hire, Waggon-stangs, n. the shafts of a

waggon. Waifinger, n. stray cattle. Waik, Pr. of weak. Waiken, Pr. of weaken. Waikly, Pr. of weakly. Waint, Corr. of will not. Wait on, v.i. to wait for. Wake, n. (1) a night-watch over the

dead. O.N", vaka, vigilia. (2) A

parish festival, a fair or revel. Wake, v.t. to watch the night with a

corpse. Wale, v.t. to strike. Walk. When a fighting-cock is sent

into the country at a distance from

other cocks it is said to be " sent to

walk? Walla, adj. flat, insipid. Wallaish, adj. unsavoury, tasteless, in- sipid, without salt. Wallas, v. t. to munch or lap up greedily,

as dogs do porridge. Walsh, adj. watery, insipid. Wammle, v.i. to move and twist the

body. See Waammle. Wamp, n. (1) a wasp. (2) A young child. Wampish, adj. irritable, tetchy. Wan, pret. of To win. Wand, n. a collection of twigs used for

correction. Wand, pret. of To wind. Wanded, adj. made of boughs or twigs.

"A wanded chair." Wandy, adj. long and flexible, like a

wand. Wangle, v.i. to totter, to walk feebly. Wang-tenth, n. an axle or molar tooth. Wankle, adj. (1) weak, loose. " Wankle

hod " = Loose hold. (2) Unstable,

unsteady, supple, pliant. A.S. wancol,

unstable. Wanty, adj. deficient. "A wanty

playas"=A hole or hollow place, or

other deficiency, in a board or other

substance. Waps, n. a wasp. AS. weeps. War, adv. aware. A.S. war. War, adj. worse. War', v.t. to spend, to lay out. See

Waar. Warble, n. a large maggot bred under

the skin of cattle (being the larva of

the ox gad-fly) and forming a lump

in the skin. A.S. wear, a knot, Warda', n. a work-day. " Sunday and

war da" = On Sunday and the days

of toil. Warish, v.t. to recover from sickness.

" He'll never warish on it "= He will

not get over it. Warish, adj. unsavoury. Wark, Pr. of work. Wark, v.i. to ache. A.S. wcerc, pain,

N.Fris. warke, S.G. woerka, dolere. Wark, n. (1) work. (2) Ache. Wark-fowk (Pr. of work-folk), n.

labourers. Warm, v.t. to beat. "I'll warm thy

jacket for tha," or, "thy back." Warming, n. a beating. Warn, v.t. to deny, to forbid.. O.N.

varna, prohibere, obstare, S.G. warna. Warn'd, Pr. of warrant. " I'll a warnd

ya"= I'll warrant ye. Warp, (1) v.t. to cast. (2) v.i. To be- come crooked, to bend. Warr'd (p.p of To war'), spent. Warridge, n. the withers of a horse. Warse, adj. worse. Warsen, v.i. to become worse. O.N.

versna. Warst, adj. worst. War-wing ! An exclamation made use

of by hunters when hounds run after

pheasants, partridges, etc. Washer, n. an iron hoop which serves

to keep the iron pin at the end of

the axletree from wearing the nave. Waspish, adj. testy, irritable. Wassail, n. "As waik as a wassail ;"

a very common expression to denote

extreme weakness. Wasset, n. a kind of crab-apple. Waste, ) n. a consumption, a de- Wasting, ] cline. Wastrel, n. a profligate, a prodigal. Wastrels, n. imperfect bricks, china,

bobbins, etc. [amnis.

Wath, n. a ford. O.N. vd$, vadum Watter (Pr. of water), n. a river or

brook. Watter-blobs, n. bubbles of air rising

to the surface of the water. Watter-brash, n. a rising of acid or

acrid matter from the stomach to

the mouth. Watter-foore (Pr. of water furrow), n.

a gutter or open drain, often made

with the plough.

91

WA

WH

Watter-shaks, n. cracks in the soil, into which rain-water enters, causing them to widen, and which, when near a precipice, ultimately cause a fall of land there.

Waul, v.i. to squeak, to cry out. See Yowl.

Wax, v.i. to grow, to increase.

Wax-kernels, n. enlarged or inflamed glands in the neck, often found in growing youths.

Waygoing-crop, n. a certain propor- tion of the corn belonging to the tenant who is leaving a farm.

Way- warden,™, a surveyor of highways.

Wea, adj. sorry for.

Weaky, adj. moist, watery.

Wear. A form of war'.

Wearing, n. a consumption.

Weary, adj. (1) troublesome, vexatious. (2) Bad ; as, " Ye've a weary fire " = A very bad one.

Webster, n. a weaver.

Weddher, Pr. of wether.

Weddher-breeder, n. a sudden fine day of extraordinary beauty, followed often by rain and storm.

Weddher-dog, n. a broken rainbow : —

"A dog at night Is a farmer's delight."

See Dog. Weddin'er, n. a guest at a wedding. Week, v.i. to squeak, to whine, as a

little pig. Ween, v.t. (1) to think, to suppose. (2)

To guess. Weeny, adj. very small, little. Wees' : we shaU. " Wees] net"=We

shall not. Weigh saut, To. A game in which

two persons stand back to back, with

their arms linked together, and alter- nately lift each other. Weigh-balk, ) n. the beam of a pair Weigh-beam, \ of scales. Weight, n. a great number or quantity. Weish, n. stale urine. Weish, Pr. of wash. Weish-hooal, n. a sink-hole. Weishy, adj. thin, watery, weak, insipid. Well, v.t. to weld. Well, v.i. to boil. O.N. vella, ebullire,

decoquere. Well-head, n. (1) a fountain, a spring.

Thence (2), the fountain or origin of

anything. Welly, adv. very near. Welt, n. ribbed knitting. 92

Welt, v.t. to overset, to overturn. O.N. velta, volvere, volvi, Dan. vcelte, to upset, to overturn.

Welter, v.i. to reel or stagger.

Wend, v.i. to go.

Went, p.p. of To go.

Wer, poss. pron. our.

"Werret )

Werry,' ( v,t' to tease> to won7-

Wersels, pers. pron. ourselves.

Wesh, pr. of To wash.

Wesh-dub, n. a pool to wash sheep in.

Wesher. See Washer.

Wessel, v.t. to beat.

Wessling, n. a good beating.

Wete, ) v.t. to know. S.G. weta, scire,

Wit, ) M.G. vitan, Du. weten, Sw. veta, to know.

Wete (or wit), To let. To give inform- ation, cause to know. See Let wit.

Wet-hand, n. a drunken fellow.

Wha, Pr. of who.

Whaas, Pr. of whose.

Whacker-gerse, n. the plant cow-quake {Briza media, Linn.).

Whaker, Pr. of quaker.

Wha Tie' C v,i' *° coax> ^° entice. Whale, v.t. to thrash, to beat. Whalin', n. a beating or thrashing. Whang, v.t. to throw with violence. Whang, n. (1) a thong. (2) A leathern

tie for a boot or shoe. AS.

a thong, S.G. twang e, lorum. Whangby, n. very hard cheese made

of skimmed milk. Whanging, adj. stout, lusty. Wharel, ) n. a stone quarry. Wharel- Wharl, ) flat, a stone quarry near

Carke, now called Quarry-flat. O.Fr.

quarriere. (The wh is pronounced

with a whistled aspirate). Wharl (Pr. of whorl), n. a small wheel

or spindle. Warry, Pr. of quarry. See Wharl. What for ? For what reason ? Whatsomever, rel. pron. whatever. Wheal, n. a blister. Wheam, adj. (1) soft, quiet, mild in

character. (2) Smooth, sheltered. Wheamly, adv. (1) slily, deceitfully.

(2) Smoothly. Whean, v.t. to coax, to flatter. "What a

whednan way she hez ! " See Whain. Whelk,

Whelker,

n. a thump or blow.

Whelkin', adj. very large.

WH

WI

Whemmle, v.t. to turn anything up- side down.

Whensomiver, adv. whenever.

Whether, adj. which of the two. " I can't tell whether's whether."

Whew, Whewt,

v.t. to whistle.

Whew, n. a sudden vanishing away. Whew, v.i. (1) to fly hastily. (2) To make great speed. (3) To throw.

WMther ' \ vd' to shake> to tremble-

Whiff, n. a glimpse.

Whiffle, v.i. (1) to flutter, to hesitate, to be unsteady. (2) Not to adhere to one's word or bargain. (3) To talk wildly, inconsistently.

Whiffler, n. a waverer, a person un- steady of purpose, a vacillating char- acter. A.S. wcejlere, a whiffler, a blabber.

Whiffle-whaffle, n. nonsense.

Whiffling, adj. uncertain.

Whig, n. butter-milk.

Whig, n. a kind of sweetened bun with currants in it.

While, adv. until. "Stay tha theyar while I cum back"= Stay thou there until I return.

Whimple, v.i. to sob and cry as a child.

Whims, n. a windlass.

Whim- wham, n. a thin piece of wood with a notched edge, which, being swung round swiftly on a string, yields a humming or buzzing sound.

WTiim-whams, n. trifles, children's toys.

Whin, n. furze.

Whinge, v.i. to whine. S.G. wenga, plorare.

Whipstock, n. the handle of a whip.

Whirl-beyan, n. the cap of the knee, patella.

Whirly-spout, n. poor weak beer.

Whishion, Pr. of cushion.

Whisht, adj. (1) silent. "As whisht as mice." Sw. hwiska, to whisper. (2) Gentle. ' ' Varra whisht " = Very gentle.

Whish ! interj. be silent ! hush !

Whisk, v.t. to switch.

Whisk, Corr. of whist.

Whisket, n. a two-handled basket, used both in the house and in the farm yard, made of long slices of willow or other tough wood.

Whiskin', adj. large.

Whisky, n. a kind of gig.

White, v.t. to cut wood with a knife, to whittle, to cut into chips. A.S. pwitan, to cut off.

White it = The deuce take it.

White, interj. a call to ducks.

White, n. a mark for an arrow or other shooting apparatus. Du. wit, a white or mark in a butt.

White-crop, n. corn, in contradistinc- tion to green-crop, as turnips, pota- toes, beans, etc.

WTiitensh, In..

Whiteheft, \ n' flatter^' cunnmg-

White-goulds, n. a name for the ox- eyed daisy.

White-herrin', n. a pickled herring.

White-money, n. silver money.

White-puddin', n. a sort of sausage, distinguished from black-pudding by its containing no blood.

Whither, n. whirr, noise, occasioned by resistance of the air to the rapid passage through it of some bulky object.

Whitherer, adj. a strong and stout person. [ing.

Whitherin', adj. strong, lusty, astound-

Whitin's, n. small chips made with a knife in cutting a stick.

WTiitten, p.p. of To white.

WTiittle, n. a butcher's slaughtering knife. A.S. p wit el.

Whittle, v.t. to cut.

Whittled, adj. drunk.

Whittle-geyat, n. the privilege of a free knife and fork at another's table.

Whittle-ta-whet, v.t. to sharpen, to set an edge on.

Whizz, v.i. to hiss, to buzz.

Whizzen, v.i, to whine.

WTiizzer, n. a falsehood.

Whummel (Corr. of wimble), n. an auger of large size.

WTiya, adv. well !

Wi', Corr. of with.

Wibble-wabble, adv. unsteadily.

Wick, n. a quickset plant. A.S. cwic.

Wick, adj. quick, alive, alert. A.S. cwic.

Wicked, adj. dangerous.

Wicked, adv. used intensitively ; as, " It's a wicked bad un ; " not un- common, said of things.

Wicken, (1) v.t. to quicken. (2) v.i. To become alive. A.S. cvncian.

Wickenin', n. yeast.

Wicks, n. maggots in sheep.

Wicks, n. twitch or couch-grass. A.S. cwice.

93

WI

WE,

Wicksands, n. quicksands. O.N. qvik-

sandr, syrtes. Wickwoods, n. (1) quickset plants.

(2) Live wood or trees in fences. Widdy, ) n. (1) a willow. (2) A tough "Withy, ) band twisted of osier rods

partially dried at the fire. A.S.

wiftfte, a twisted rod, a willow, a

band. Sw. vidja, willow, twig. Widdle, v.t. to deceive, to beguile. Widdn't, Corr. of will not. Wide-gobbed, adj. wide-mouthed. Wide-oppen, adj. Pr. of wide open. Widow bewitched, n. a woman who is

separated from her husband. Wie, n. a female calf. Wiet, Pr. of quiet. Wietly, Pr. of quietly. Wife, n. a woman, whether married or

not. A.S. wif, a woman, a female. Wife-muddher, n. a mother-in-law. Wiggle, v.i. to reel or stagger. Wild, adj. crazy, furious. Wild-fire, n. the erysipelas. WiU. "How far is it to Hotun ? "

" Let's see, it'll be better an a mile

an a hofe." Wince, v.i. to hesitate, to desist. Winch, v.t. to wind up anything with

a windlass or crane. Wind, v.t. to winnow corn. Wind, v.t. to wind. Winda-peeper, n. the district surveyor

of taxes. Winda-shut, n. window-shutter. Wind-bands, n. long clouds supposed

to indicate stormy weather. Winder, v.i. to pine away, to decline. Windle, n. a bushel. Wind-raa, n. a row of turf set up to

dry in the sun and wind. Wind-sauker (Corr. of wind-sucker),

n. the kestrel. Wind-shaks, n. cracks in wood. Windy, adj. talkative, noisy. Winesaur, n. a sort of large plum. Winking, adj. dozing, sleeping. Winn el, n. a bushel. W. gwyntel, a

basket, A.S. windel, a basket. Winnel-straw, n. (1) dry or old grass

stems. (2) A long kind of bent grass.

A.S. windel-streow, straw for plait

ing. Winnymer, n. a very poor cheese. Winsome, adj. lively, gay, cheerful.

A.S. winsum, pleasant. Winteridge, n. winter eatage for cattle. Wi' out, Pr. of without. 94

Wise-like, adj. possessing the appear- ance of wisdom or propriety. A.S. wislic, wise, prudent.

Wise-man, n. a conjurer, a sage, a wizard,

Wissand (Corr. of weasand), n. the throat, the gullet.

Wit, n. sense, intelligence. O.N. vit, sana mens, intellectus, ingenium.

Wi' 't, Pr. of with the.

Witch, v.t. to bewitch.

Witch, n. a wizard. " It was oalus said that Nathaniel Withers was a witch."

Witch- wand, n. a twig of the mountain ash, once used to find minerals.

Wite, Corr. of requite.

Wite, v.t. to blame, to reproach. " 'Od wite it ! " an imprecation = God punish it. A.S. witan, to punish, to blame, O.N. vita, reprehendere, S.G. wita, punire, mulctare.

Wite, n. (1) blame. " He set 't wite a me." (2) The money paid as com- pensation for a crime. A.S. wite, punishment, a fine, torture, N.Fris. wite, O.N. viti, S.G. wite.

Withy- wand, n. a willow wand, a twig.

Witing, n. knowledge, acquaintance with anything.

Witter, n. a barb, as on a fish-hook.

Witter-huked, adj. barbed.

Wittering, n. a hint, knowledge, idea.

Wive, v.t. to marry. A.S. wijian, to take a wife, to marry.

Wizzen,v. i. to wither away, to shrivel up.

Wizzened, adj. parched or shrivelled up. Sw. vissen, withered, faded.

Wonst, adv. once,

Woodbund, adj. said of a drawer, etc.

which will not open from being

swelled with damp, etc. Words, They had had a few. Had

had a quarrel. Worry, v.t. to choke. Worseler, Pr. of wrestler. Worsen, v.i. to grow worse,

Wirsle ' ( v'^" *° wres^e- Du. worstelen. Wot, v.t. to know. " I wot not when." Wote, v.t. to overturn a cart. Wottin'ly, adv. designedly. Wowl, v.i. to howl, to cry. Wraith, n. the shaft of a cart. Wrang, pret. of To wring. Wrang, v.t. to wrong, to do injustice by. Wranglesome, adj. cross, quarrelsome.

WR

YU

Wreck, n. the line of sea-weed on the shore.

Wrecklin', n. (1) the smallest and weakest of a brood, (2) An unhealthy, feeble child. [Cf. S.Jutl. vrag, vrdg- ling, vragsel, vragsling, with the same sense, Dan. vrag, that which is re- jected or put on one side as inferior. Ed.].

Wree against, v.t. to insinuate to a person's disadvantage.

Wreeden, adj. peevish, cross.

Wrigglety, adj. awry, crooked, all on one side.

Wrigglety-wry, adj. awry, all on one side, crooked.

Writings, n. title deeds, written secu- rities.

Wrout, Pr. of wrought.

Wrussle, Pr. of wrestle.

Wund, Pr. of wound.

Wusset, Pr. of worsted.

Ya (pr. yah) num. adj. one.

Yacker, Pr. of acre.

Yaff, v.i. to bark.

Yak, Pr. of oak.

Yal, Pr. of ale.

Yalla-pumps, n. very young calves ; so called from their hoofs being yel- low when calved.

Yallas, n. yellows, the jaundice.

Yallow-y o wring, n. the yellow-hammer.

Yam, Pr. of home.

Yammer, v.i. (1) to make a loud, dis- agreeable noise. (2) To yearn after.

Yan, num. adj. one.

Yance, adv. once.

Yan's : one's.

Yansel, pers. pron. oneself.

Yanst, adv. once.

Yark, n. to strike hard, to beat.

Yarker, n. something very large.

Yarkin', adj. (1) huge. (2) Severe. "A girt yarkin blaa."

Yarn, Pr. of earn.

Yarnut, Pr. of earthnut (Bunium jlexuosum, Linn.).

Yarrish, adj. of a harsh taste.

Yeack, Pr. of oak.

Yeap'm, v.i. to hiccough.

Yearbs, Pr. of herbs.

Yearles, n. See Aries.

Yearth, Pr. of earth.

Yebble, Pr. of able.

Yedders, n. wattling bands for hedges.

Yelper, n. a young dog.

Yemman (Pr. of yeoman), n. a person of moderate independent landed pro- perty.

Yep ! interj. a word of command to horses.

Yep-sintle, two handfuls.

Yer, poss. pron. your.

Yerd-band, ) n. a yardwand, a rod of

Yerdwand, \ a yard in length.

Yersel, pron. yourself.

Ye's, you shall. " We waint be said nay, ye's stop and hev a bit a dinner wi' us." A common form of rural hospitality.

Yet, n. a gate.

Yet-stoop, n. a gate-post.

Yilp, v.i. to chirp as young birds do.

Yocken, v.i. (1) to make a noise in the throat as if swallowing something. (2) To choke.

Yode (Corr. of jade), n. a horse, a riding horse.

Yok', v.t. to yoke. " Toh t' horse inta t' cart."

Yok', n. a yoke.

Yon, adv. yonder, somewhat at a dis- tance.

Youngermer, adj. younger.

Yow, n. an ewe.

Yower, n. an udder.

Yowl, v.i. (1) to yelp or bark like a dog. (2) To yell, to bellow.

Yule, n. Christmas.

Yule-log, n. a large piece of firewood laid on the fire on Christmas-eve ; also called a Kersmas stock. Dan. Juul, Christmas, Yule,

STEPHEN AUSTIN, PRINTER, HERTFORD.

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